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PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS
OF THE UNITED STATES
4004
PUBLIC PAPERS OF THE PRESIDENTS
OF THE UNITED STATES
Jimmy Carter
1980-81
(IN THREE BOOKS)
BOOK I-JANUARY 1 TO MAY 23, 1980
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1981
Published by the
Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records Service
General Services Administration
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402
Foreword
The papers contained in this volume, covering approximately the first five
months of 1980, document some of the most difficult moments of my Presidency
and of our Nation's recent history.
Our Nation faced sharp new challenges abroad. Our foreign policy was conducted in the glare of two great crises-the holding of 52 American hostages in Iran
and the brutal invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. The American people
responded in a strong and principled fashion. During this time the Nation acted
with patience, a willingness to sacrifice for the national good, and a complete dedication to peace. Confronted with outrageous behavior abroad, we as a nation never
strayed from the great value we place on human life and human freedom. These
papers will document the most agonizing point in my Presidency-the failed hostage rescue mission in April.
Domestically, the administration and the Congress inaugurated the Department of Education and joined together in a renewed battle against the ravages of
inflation. A contest for the Democratic nomination underscored the problems posed
to a modern President as he seeks to secure support for necessary public policy
initiatives in the context of a Presidential election year.
The documents in this volume tell us much about the nature of the modern
Presidency and the problems facing our Nation. It is impossible for a President to
focus all his attention and time on just one situation. Like the people he leads, he is
pulled in many directions at once. This makes adhering to tested American values
all the more critical, and I believe that the period of American history this volume
covers clearly demonstrated the ability of the American people to do just that.
v
- - - - - -- --- --- -- -- w
Preface
This book contains the papers and speeches of the 39th President of the
United States which were issued by the White House Press Office during the
period January 1-May 23, 1980. Two additional Public Papers books completing
President Carter's fourth year in office will be printed later in 1981. The material
has been compiled and published by the Office of the Federal Register, National
Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.
The material is presented in chronological order within each week, and the
dates shown in the headings are the dates of the documents or events. In instances
when the release date differs from the date of the document itself, that fact is
shown in the textnote. Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy. Tape
recordings are used to protect against errors in transcription of Presidential
remarks, and signed documents are checked against the original to verify the
correct printing. Textnotes, footnotes, and cross references have been provided
by the editors for purposes of identification or clarity. Speeches were delivered in
Washington, D.C., and other documents released there, unless indicated. All
times noted are local times.
All materials have been fully indexed. In addition to the usual subject-matter
entries in the index, the material has been classified in categories reflecting the type
of Presidential activity or document. For example, a reader interested in the President's speeches will find them listed in the index under "Addresses and Remarks."
An index accounting for all the materials for 1980-81 will be included in Book III.
The Public Papers series was begun in 1957 in response to a recommendation
of the National Historical Publications Commission. An extensive compilation of
messages and papers of the Presidents covering the period 1789 to 1897 was
assembled by James D. Richardson and published under congressional authority
between 1896 and 1899. Since then, various private compilations have been
issued, but there was no uniform publication comparable to the Congressional
Record or the United States Supreme Court Reports. Many Presidential papers
could be found only in the form of mimeographed White House releases or as
reported in the press. The Commission therefore recommended the establishment of an official series in which Presidential writings, addresses, and remarks
of a public nature could be made available.
The Commission's recommendation was incorporated in regulations of the
Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, issued under section 6 of
the Federal Register Act (44 U.S.C. 1506), which may be found in Title 1,
Part 10, of the Code of Federal Regulations.
vii
Preface
A companion publication to the Public Papers series, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, was begun in 1965 to provide a broader range
of Presidential materials on a more timely basis to meet the needs of the contemporary reader. Beginning with the administration of Jimmy Carter, the Public
Papers series expanded its coverage to include all material as printed in the Weekly
Compilation. That coverage provides a listing of the President's daily schedule
and meetings, when announced, and other items of general interest issued by the
White House Press Office. Also included are lists of the President's nominations
submitted to the Senate, materials released by the Press Office which are not
printed full-text in the book, and acts approved by the President. This information
is compiled on a weekly basis and appears at the end of each week's coverage.
Volumes covering the administrations of Presidents Hoover, Truman,
Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford are also available.
This series is under the direction of John E. Byrne, Director, Office of the
Federal Register, and is produced by the Presidential Documents and Legislative
Division, Robert E. Lewis, Director. Editors of this book were Katherine A.
Mellody, Brenda A. Robeson, and Kenneth R. Payne, assisted by D. Michael
Smith. The index was prepared by Brian L. Hermes, assisted by Walter W. Rice.
The frontispiece and photographs used in the portfolio were supplied by the
White House Photo Office.
The typography and design of the volume were developed by the United
States Government Printing Office under the direction of Samuel L. Saylor, Acting
Public Printer.
ROBERT M. WARNER
Archivist of the United States
GERALD P. CARMEN
Administrator of General Services
May 1981
viii
Contents
PAGE
FOREWORD...............
PREFACE........................ vii
PUBLIC PAPERS OF JIMMY CARTER, JANUARY 1-MAY 23, 1980..... 1
INDEX......................... A-1
ix
Administration of Jimmy Carter
1980-81
.;uc — - I I ~I ~ -— r
Week Ending Friday, January 4, 1980
Earth Day, 1980
Proclamation 4710. January 1, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America -
A Proclamation
Ten years ago, the United States turned
over a new-and greener-leaf. On the
first day of the new decade, the National
Environmental Policy Act became the law
of the land. This law is one of our Nation's fundamental charters: it is a pledge
from each generation to the next to protect and enhance the quality of the environment.
Through the National Environmental
Policy Act which created the Council on
Environmental Quality, the Nation
affirmed the fundamental importance of
the environment to our well-being. Our
environment shapes our lives in endless
ways: it can be dangerous or it can be
safe; it can produce a bounty to sustain us
or it can be laid bare; it can frustrate our
relationships with nature and with other
people or it can provide opportunities for
seeking peace and harmony.
As the United States enjoyed the advanced technology, mobility, and material
prosperity of the postwar period, we
seemed to take for granted the resources
on which our prosperity was built. By the
beginning of the last decade, the damage
to our environment had become a clear
threat to the Nation's general welfare.
Citizens and legislators alike awakened to
the challenge.
On April 22, 1970, not long after
NEPA became law, the Nation experienced one of the most remarkable "happenings" of recent times. Millions of
people across America celebrated the first
Earth Day by participating in teach-ins,
cleanups, bill signings, and scores of other
activities to demonstrate their concern
for the environment and to learn more
about nature, ecology, and broader environmental concerns. Earth Day 1970
was a watershed in citizen understanding
of environmental issues.
In marking the anniversaries of the
National Environmental Policy Act and of
Earth Day, let us rededicate ourselves to
our great goal-freeing the people of this
earth from disease, pollution, and the
spread of toxic chemicals; from the lack
of basic necessities; and from the destruction of our common natural and cultural
heritage. Let us rededicate ourselves to the
creation and maintenance of safe and
healthy surroundings, to the wise husbanding of the natural resources that are
a pillar of our well-being, and to the protection of free-flowing streams, majestic
mountain forests, and diverse cityscapes
pulsing with life.
We have now begun to make a serious
investment in the quality of the environment at home and abroad. The earth is a
fragile asset. The return on wise investments in our environment will be reaped
not only by ourselves, but by generations
1
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of our descendants. We must achieve
another decade of environmental progress.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim Tuesday, April 22,
1980, as Earth Day. I call upon all citizens and government officials to observe
this day with appropriate ceremonies and
activities. I ask that special attention be
given to community activities and educational efforts directed to protecting and
enhancing our lifegiving environment.
On this tenth anniversary, as we enter a
second decade of environmental progress,
I further urge all of the people of the
United States to dedicate themselves anew
to attaining the Nation's environmental
goals, as expressed in the National Environmental Policy Act.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty and of the Independence
of the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:06 a.m., January 2, 1980]
NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on January 2.
American Porcelain-on-Steel
Cookware Industry
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting a
Report. January 2, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
In accordance with section 203(b) (1)
of the Trade Act of 1974, enclosed is a
report to the Congress setting forth my
determination that import relief for the
U.S. porcelain-on-steel cookware industry
in the form of increased tariffs is in the national economic interest, and explaining
the reasons for my decision.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
IMPORT RELIEF ACTION
PORCELAIN-ON-STEEL COOKWARE
As required under section 203(b) (1)
of the Trade Act of 1974, I am transmitting this report to Congress setting forth
the actions I will take with respect to
porcelain-on-steel cookware covered by
the affirmative finding on November 5,
1979 of the U.S. International Trade
Commission (USITC) under section 201
(d) (1) of the Trade Act. As my action
differs from that recommended by the
USITC, I have included the reasons for
my decision.
I have determined that imposition of
increased tariffs for a four-year period on
porcelain-on-steel cookware imports is in
the national economic interest. These increased tariffs will apply to all U.S. imports of porcelain-on-steel cookware except teakettles and imports valued over
$2.25 per pound. The additional duties
will be 20, 20, 15 and 10 cents per pound,
respectively, in the first, second, third, and
fourth years of the relief period.
I have decided to modify the USITC
remedy by: (1) excluding teakettles; (2)
reducing by one year the duration of import relief; and (3) imposing additional
specific tariffs that are somewhat smaller
than those recommended by the USITC.
My decision to exclude teakettles is based
on the fact that they are not produced
2
-- --- -~ -~ — ~ —
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2
domestically in a wide range of shapes
and styles.
This four-year relief program should be
sufficient to enable the sole remaining
domestic producer of porcelain-on-steel
cookware to adjust to import competition
during the relief period. At the same time,
the less-restrictive relief that I will proclaim will reduce the adverse effects of
providing relief on U.S. consumers of
porcelain-on-steel cookware and on our
international economic interests.
In conjunction with providing import
relief, I have directed the U.S. Trade
Representative to request that the
USITC advise me of the probable economic effect on the domestic porcelainon-steel cookware industry of the termination of import relief after two years.
This advice will include a review of the
progress and specific efforts being made
by the domestic producer of porcelain-onsteel cookware to adjust to import competition. The U.S. Trade Representative
will also request, on my behalf, advice regarding termination of relief from the
Secretaries of Commerce and Labor. This
USITC, Commerce, and Labor advice is
to be provided to me, through the U.S.
Trade Representative, three months prior
to the expiration of the second year of
relief. It is my intention to continue relief
for the entire four-year period if the domestic producer has begun to make
reasonable progress toward adjustment to
import competition during the first and
second years of import relief and if a continuation of relief is necessary to further
this adjustment process.
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
American Porcelain-on-Steel
Cookware Industry
Memorandum From the President.
January 2, 1980
Memorandum for the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations
Subject: Determination Under Section
202 (a) of the Trade Act; Porcelain-onSteel Cookware
Pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the
Trade Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-618, 88 Stat.
1978), I have determined the action I will
take with respect to the report of the
United States International Trade Commission (USITC), transmitted to me on
November 5, 1979, concerning the results
of its investigation of a petition for import
relief filed by counsel for General Housewares Corporation on behalf of the domestic industry producing cooking ware of
steel, enameled or glazed with vitreous
glasses, provided for in item 653.97 of the
Tariff Schedules of the United States.
After considering all relevant aspects
of the case, including those set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade Act of 1974, I
have determined that provision of import
relief in the form of increased tariffs for
four years is in the national economic
interest. These increased tariffs will apply
to all U.S. imports of porcelain-on-steel
cookware except teakettles and imports
valued over $2.25 per pound. The additional duties will be 20, 20, 15 and 10
cents per pound, respectively, in the first,
second, third, and fourth years of the
relief period.
I have decided to modify the USITC
remedy by: (1) excluding teakettles; (2)
reducing by one year the duration of import relief; and (3) imposing additional
3
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
specific tariffs that are somewhat smaller
than those recommended by the USITC.
My decision to exclude teakettles is based
on the fact that they are not produced
domestically in a wide range of shapes and
styles.
This four-year relief program should be
sufficient to enable the sole remaining domestic producer of porcelain-on-steel
cookware to adjust to import competition
during the relief period. At the same time,
the less-restrictive relief that I will proclaim will reduce the adverse effects of
providing relief on U.S. consumers of
porcelain-on-steel cookware and on our
international economic interests.
In conjunction with providing import
relief, I hereby direct you to request that
the USITC advise me of the probable
economic effect on the domestic porcelainon-steel cookware industry of the termination of import relief after two years.
This advice is to include a review of the
progress and specific efforts being made
by the domestic producer of porcelain-onsteel cookware to adjust to import competition. I also direct you to request, on my
behalf, advice regarding termination of
relief from the Secretaries of Commerce
and Labor. This USITC, Commerce, and
Labor advice is to be provided to me,
through you, three months prior to the
expiration of the second year of relief. It
is my intention to continue relief for the
entire four-year period if the domestic
producer has begun to make reasonable
progress toward adjustment to import
competition during the first and second
years of import relief and if a continuation of relief is necessary to further this
adjustment process.
As required by section 203(e) (1) of
the Trade Act of 1974, these additional
tariffs will be implemented by Presidential Proclamation no later than January 17, 1980, which is 15 days after this
determination.
This determination is to be published
in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:11 a.m., January 2, 1980]
Veto of Legislation Requiring a
Study of Health Effects of Dioxin
Exposure
Message to the Senate Returning S. 2096
Without Approval. January 2, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I am returning without my approval S.
2096, a bill requiring the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare to conduct a study of the long-term health
effects in humans of exposure to a class of
chemicals known as dioxins.
I strongly support the effort to investigate the effects of dioxins. The exposure
of individuals to these substances has been
a matter of concern to this Administration
and is the subject of a number of studies
currently being carried out by several Federal agencies, including the Department
of Defense, the Environmental Protection
Agency, the Veterans Administration, and
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare. However, I cannot approve
S. 2096 because it includes what I believe
to be an unconstitutional requirement
that the Secretary of HEW conduct a
study only after the protocol for that
study has been approved by the Director
of the Office of Technology Assessment,
4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2
which is an office and an arm of the
Congress.
I have previously informed Congress
of my view that legislative veto devices
are unconstitutional intrusions into the
day-to-day administration of the law by
the Executive Branch. Congress is constitutionally empowered to direct Executive Branch decisions executing the law
only by enacting legislation subject to the
veto power of the President under Article
I, section 7 of the Constitution. In my
view, such legislative power may not constitutionally be delegated to committees
of the Congress or to offices subordinate
to committees of the Congress.
I recently signed into law a bill (H.R.
3892, P.L. 96-151) containing a similar
provision requiring the Veterans Administration to conduct a study-subject to
the approval of the Office of Technology
Assessment-of the effect of dioxins on
Vietnam-era veterans. I approved P.L.
96-151 because it extended the appropriation authorizations for several veterans
medical programs and because it included
provisions affecting veterans medical care
which had been the subject of lengthy
discussions between the Administration
and the Congress. I viewed the provision
in that bill requiring approval of the study
by the Office of Technology Assessment as
being constitutionally defective, and I am
instructing the VA Administrator not to
treat that provision as legally binding.
This Administration intends to continue its support of efforts to ascertain
the health effects of dioxin exposure. Enactment of S. 2096 is unnecessary, since
HEW is already planning to conduct the
study called for by the bill under the
authority of the Public Health Service
Act. I am requesting Secretary Harris to
move forward expeditiously on this study.
In addition, my Assistant for Domestic
Affairs and Policy recently ordered the
establishment of an interagency work
group to study the long-term health effects
of exposure to this class of chemicals. I
believe the studies currently being conducted will result in an improved and a
more well-coordinated Federal response
to whatever dangers these chemicals pose
to the health of American citizens.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 2, 1980.
International Trade Functions
Remarks on Signing Executive Order 12188.
January 2, 1980
It's really gratifying for me to participate with you this afternoon in a historic
moment, which I think bodes well for our
Nation and its future. I'm particularly
grateful that the distinguished Members
of the Congress are here, because they've
been an integral part of a team that has
made this afternoon's ceremony possible.
The top leaders of business, commerce,
labor, State and local officials have all
been intimately involved in the preparation of this occasion.
One of the most important things that
I have as a responsibility is to promote and
to enhance and to strengthen and to regulate trade with foreign countries. This
trade reorganization Executive order,
which I will sign this afternoon, is the result of a tremendous amount of work. It's
the 13th reorganization plan that my administration has presented to the Congress, and all 13 of them have been passed
by the Congress-an unprecedented
achievement. And I want to thank the
Members who are here who've been responsible for it.
5
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This has not been the case with previous administrations, by the way, when
less than one-third of the reorganization
plans proposed were passed. But we have
consulted closely and cooperated without'
exception, in every instance, for the enhancement of our Nation's future.
I think it's true to say that in the last
3 years we've done as much or more to
expand trade, for the benefit of both
workers and those who produce goods for
sale overseas, as has been done since the
early sixties.
We haven't had much publicity about
it, but the enormous accomplishment of
the multilateral trade negotiations was
more far reaching than the Trade Act
passed when President Kennedy was in
office. It has escaped public notice to a
major extent, but its beneficial effect on
our country will be even more profound
than was the case in the early 1960's.
We've tried, in addition to enhancing
American exports and regulating imports
for the benefit of Americans, to reduce
paperwork, to eliminate bureaucratic
confusion, to have a clear delineation of
responsibility, and to promote a constant
consultation with the private sector of our
free enterprise system that I think is unprecedented. We've been successful so far.
Bob Strauss, as you know, was our
Special Trade Representative, working
with Al McDonald and others, and particularly with the Congress, in bringing to
life a dead issue. When I first met with
the other leaders of the Western democratic nations at the economic summit in
London, and later in Bonn, my first 2
years in office, they all told me that the
MTN, so-called, was dead, that it was too
far gone to resurrect. But it was resurrected, and it became a fact, because of
the good work of these men.
Phil Klutznick has now agreed to serve
as our Secretary of Commerce. Under this
Executive order, the Secretary of Commerce will be responsible, uniquely and
in an unprecedented way, for the promotion of exports and for ensuring that
agreements on imports and the laws concerning imports will be enforced.
Reubin Askew, our new Special Trade
Representative, will have an additional
responsibility above and beyond what was
the case in the past: to advise closely with
me and to coordinate the effort in the international trade arena.
And I particularly want to thank Jim
McIntyre, who has pulled together the
diverse elements of our American society,
in making possible this trade reorganization.
I might point out that this effort and
the success of it will make available additional markets for American products, to
put American workers to higher and better
employment. It will mean that we'll have
an additional arena or area of trade with
countries that have, in the past, not been
our close trade partners. It will increase
the quality of goods available to the American consumer, and it will increase competition, which the American free enterprise system is well able to accommodate.
It will lower inflation, strengthen the dollar, improve employment, and also improve the quality of goods that consumers
can purchase.
I might say that we have, in addition,
under reorganization plans, beneficially
affected education, energy, civil rights, the
civil service system, the dealing with
emergencies, such as floods, tornadoes,
and civil defense, foreign aid, and five or
six other major areas of American life. I'm
very deeply grateful for what has been accomplished with the help of the Congress.
At this time I'd like to sign the Executive order, following which I'll ask
Phil Klutznick, Reubin Askew, Jim
McIntyre, Bob Strauss to say just a word.
6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2
And then I'd like to stand outside the door
and shake hands with every one of you in
this room, individually, and express my
personal appreciation to you for what
you've meant to me as President and what
you've meant to our great country.
Thank you very much.
[At this point, the President signed the Executive order. After remarks by Secretary Klutznick, Ambassador Askew, Mr. McIntyre, and
Mr. Strauss, the President resumed speaking
as follows.]
Now, the ones who are absolutely dedicated to making sure that this trade reorganization Executive order is carried out
to the fullest possible benefit to our Nation-if you are committed to that proposition, I'd like for you to come by, shake
my hand, and give me a personal pleasure.
[Laughter]
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:37 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
International Trade Functions
Executive Order 12188. January 2, 1980
By the authority vested in me by the
Trade Agreements Act of 1979, the Trade
Act of 1974, the Trade Expansion Act of
1962, section 350 of the Tariff Act of 1930,
Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979, and
section 301 of title 3 of the United States
Code, and as President of the United
States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
SECTION 1-101. The United States Trade
Representative.
(a) Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by law, the United States
Trade Representative (hereinafter referred to as the "Trade Representative")
shall be chief representative of the United
States for:
(1) all activities of, or under the auspices of, the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade;
(2) discussions, meetings, and negotiations in the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development when
trade or commodity issues are the primary
issues under consideration;
(3) negotiations in the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development
and other multilateral institutions when
trade or commodity issues are the primary
issues under consideration;
(4) other bilateral or multilateral negotiations when trade, including East-West
trade, or commodities is the primary issue
under consideration;
(5) negotiations under sections 704 and
734 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C.
1671c and 1673c); and
(6) negotiations concerning direct investment incentives and disincentives and
bilateral investment issues concerning barriers to investment.
For purposes of this subsection, the
term "negotiations" includes discussions
and meetings with foreign governments
and instrumentalities primarily concerning preparations for formal negotiations
and policies regarding implementation of
agreements resulting from such negotiations.
(b) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Trade Negotiating
Committee, shall invite such members of
the Trade Negotiating Committee and
representatives of other departments or
agencies as may be appropriate to participate in the negotiations and other
activities listed in subsection (a).
(c) The Trade Representative, in consultation with the Trade Negotiating
Committee, may delegate to any member
of the Trade Negotiating Committee,
or to any other appropriate department
or agency, primary responsibility for rep
7
5
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
resenting the United States in any of the
negotiations and other activities set forth
in subsection (a).
(d) The Trade Representative, or any
department or agency to which responsibility for representing the United States
in a negotiation or other activity has been
delegated pursuant to subsection (c),
shall consult with the Trade Policy Committee and with any affected regulatory
agencies on the policy issues arising in
connection with the negotiations and
other activities listed in subsection (a).
SECTION 1-102. The Trade Policy Committee.
(a) As provided by section 242 of the
Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C.
1872), the Trade Policy Committee
(hereinafter referred to as the "Committee") is continued. The Committee shall
have the functions specified by law or by
the President, including those specified in
section 1(b)(3) of Reorganization Plan
No. 3 of 1979.
(b) The Committee shall be composed
of the following:
(1) The Trade Representative, who
shall be Chair
(2) The Secretary of Commerce, who
shall be Vice Chair
(3) The Secretary of State
(4) The Secretary of the Treasury
(5) The Secretary of Defense
(6) The Attorney General
(7) The Secretary of the Interior
(8) The Secretary of Agriculture
(9) The Secretary of Labor
(10) The Secretary of Transportation
(11) The Secretary of Energy
(12) The Director of the Office of
Management and Budget
(13) The Chairman of the Council of
Economic Advisers
(14) The Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
(15) The Director of the United States
International Development Cooperation Agency.
The Chair and any member of the
Committee may designate a subordinate
officer whose status is not below that of
an Assistant Secretary to serve in his stead
when he is unable to attend any meetings
of the Committee. The Chair may invite
representatives from other agencies to attend the meetings of the Committee.
(c) (1) There is established, as a subcommittee of the Committee, a Trade Negotiating Committee which shall advise
the Trade Representative on the management of negotiations referred to in section
1-101 (a) of this order. The members of
such subcommittee shall be the Trade
Representative (Chair), the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the
Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of
Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor.
(2) The Trade Representative, with
the advice of the Committee, may create
additional subcommittees thereof.
(d) In advising the President on international trade and related matters, the
Trade Representative shall take into account and reflect the views of the members of the Committee and of other interested agencies.
SECTION 1-103. Delegation of Functions.
(a) The function vested in the President by section 412(b) of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2542
(b)) is delegated to the Secretary of
Commerce with regard to the technical
8
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2
office established under section 412 (a) (1)
of such Act and to the Secretary of Agriculture with regard to the technical office
established under section 412(a) (2) of
such Act. In prescribing the functions of
each technical office, the Secretary concerned shall consult with the Trade Representative and with all affected regulatory agencies. The functions delegated by
this section shall be exercised in coordination with the Trade Representative.
(b) The functions of the President under sections 2(b) and 303 of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2503
(b) and 2513) and section 701(b) of the
Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 (b))
are delegated to the Trade Representative, who shall exercise such authority
with the advice of the Trade Policy
Committee.
SECTION 1-104. Authority Under the Foreign Service Act and Related Laws.
(a) The Secretary of Commerce (hereinafter referred to as the "Secretary") is
authorized to establish a Foreign Commercial Service in the Department of
Commerce, and a category of career officers of the Foreign Commercial Service
to be known as Foreign Commercial Officers. For purposes of the utilization by
the Secretary of the authorities granted to
the Secretary under this section, the terms
"Foreign Service" and "Foreign Service
Officer" shall be construed to mean "Foreign Commercial Service" and "Foreign
Commercial Officer", respectively.
(b) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), and except with regard to
career ministers and career ambassadors,
the Secretary is authorized to exercise,
with respect to Foreign Service commer
cial officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, Foreign Service staff officers and employees, and alien clerks and employees
employed to perform the functions transferred under section 5(b) (1) of Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 (hereinafter
referred to as the "Plan"), all authority
available to the Secretary of State under
the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as
amended (22 U.S.C. 801 et seq.) or under
any other existing or future provision of
law applicable to the Foreign Service of
the United States; Foreign Service staff
officers and employees, and alien clerks
and employees. Such authority shall include, but not be limited to, the prescription of regulations incident to the exercise
of such authority.
(2) All provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended, or of any
other existing or future law, that apply
to Foreign Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve officers, Foreign Service staff
officers and employees, or alien clerks and
employees of the Department of State
shall be applicable to Foreign Commercial
officers, Foreign Service officers, Foreign
Service Reserve officers, Foreign staff officers and employees, or alien clerks and
employees of the Department of Commerce.
(3) There are excluded from the authority granted to the Secretary by paragraph (1) the following powers now
vested in or delegated to the Secretary of
State:
(A) to issue regulations pertaining to
overseas differentials and allowances;
(B) to administer the Foreign Service
Retirement and Disability System under
title VIII of the Foreign Service Act of
1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1061 et
seq.); and
9
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
(C) to commission or to recommend
that the President commission Foreign
Service officers, Foreign Service Reserve
officers, and Foreign Service staff officers
as diplomatic and consular officers under
sections 512, 514, 524, and 533 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22
U.S.C. 907, 909, 924, and 938).
(5) The Secretary is authorized to exercise, with regard to the functions transferred under section 5 (b) of the Plan, the
authority of the Secretary of State under
section 4 of the Act of May 26, 1949, as
amended (22 U.S.C. 2658) to promulgate
such rules and regulations as may be necessary to the performance of such functions.
(c) The Board of the Foreign Service
and the Board of Examiners for the Foreign Service established by Executive
Order 11264 of December 31, 1965, as
amended, shall exercise with respect to
Foreign Service personnel of the Department of Commerce the functions delegated to them by that order with respect
to Foreign Service personnel of the Department of State. The Boards shall perform such additional functions with
respect to Foreign Service personnel of
the Department of Commerce as the Secretary may from time to time delegate or
otherwise assign, consistent with the functions of such boards.
SECTION 1-105. Prior Executive Orders
and Determination.
(a) Section l(b) of Executive Order
11269 of February 14, 1966, as amended,
is amended by adding "the United States
Trade Representative," after "the Secretary of State,".
(b) (1) Section 1 of Executive Order
11539 of June 30, 1970, is amended to
read as follows:
"Section 1. The United States Trade
Representative, with the concurrence of
the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of State, is authorized to negotiate
bilateral agreements with representatives
of governments of foreign countries
limiting the export from the respective
countries and the importation into the
United States of( 1 ) fresh, chilled, or frozen cattle meat,
(2) fresh, chilled, or frozen meat of
goats and sheep (except lambs), and
(3) prepared and preserved beef and
veal (except sausage) if articles are prepared, whether fresh, chilled, or frozen,
but not otherwise preserved, that are the
products of such countries.".
(2) Section 4 of such order is amended
by striking out "the Secretary of State"
and inserting in lieu thereof "the United
States Trade Representative".
(c) The last sentence of section 1 (a) of
Executive Order 11651 of March 3, 1972,
as amended, is amended to read as follows: "The United States Trade Representative, or his designee, also shall be a
member of the Committee.".
(d) The first sentence of section 3 of
Executive Order 11703 of February 7,
1973, is amended to read as follows: "The
Oil Policy Committee shall henceforth
consist of the United States Trade Representative, chair, and the Secretaries of
State, Treasury, Defense, the Interior,
Commerce and Energy, the Attorney
General, and the Chairman of the Council
of Economic Advisers, as members.".
(e) Sections 2(b) and 3 (a), the first
sentence of section 3(c), and sections 3
(e), 3(f), and 6 of Executive Order
11846 of March 27, 1975, as amended,
are revoked.
(f)(1) Section 1(a)(5) of Executive
Order 11858 of May 7, 1975, is amended
10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2
to read: "(5) The United States Trade
Representative".
(2) Section 1 (a) (6) of such order is
amended to read: "(6) The Chairman of
the Council of Economic Advisers".
(g) Executive Order 12096 of November 2, 1978, is revoked.
(h) The last paragraph of the Presidential Determination Regarding the Acceptance and Application of Certain International Trade Agreements (dated
December 14, 1979) (44 FR 74781, at
74784; December 18, 1979), delegating
functions under section 2 (b) of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 and section 701
(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930, is revoked.
(i) Any reference to the Office of the
Special. Representative for Trade Negotiations or to the Special Representative
for Trade Negotiations in any Executive
order, Proclamation, or other document
shall be deemed to refer to the Office of
the United States Trade Representative
or to the United States Trade Representative, respectively.
SECTION 1-106. Incidental Transfers and
Reassignments.
So much of the personnel, property,
records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds
employed, used, held, available, or to be
made available in connection with functions transferred or reassigned by the provisions of this order as the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget shall
determine shall be transferred or reassigned for use in connection with such
functions.
SECTION 1-107. Effective Dates.
(a) Sections 1, 2(a), 2(b)(2), 2(c),
2(d), 3, 4, 5(a), 5(b) (2), 5 (c) through
(e), and 6 through 8 of Reorganization
Plan No. 3 of 1979, and the provisions
of this order, shall take effect as of January 2, 1980. -
(b) Section 5 (b) (1) of such plan shall
take effect as of April 1, 1980.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 2, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:59 a.m., January 3, 1980]
American Hostages in Iran and
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Statement by the White House Press Secretary.
January 2, 1980
The President met this afternoon with
members of the National Security Council
and other senior advisers to review the
continuing crisis in Iran and to consider
the serious threat to peace posed by the
invasion of Afghanistan by armed forces
of the Soviet Union.
The President has recalled our Ambassador to the Soviet Union for consultations. Ambassador Watson will be arriving in Washington tomorrow.
The Secretary of State reported to the
National Security Council on a series of
diplomatic exchanges which have taken
place over the past several days. Deputy
Secretary of State Warren Christopher
reported on his recent conversations with
representatives of Allied Nations.
The President made a number of decisions this afternoon on actions to be
taken in response to the Soviet invasion.
These decisions involve unilateral actions
11
Jan. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and actions to be taken in conjunction
with other nations.
The President's decision will be made
public when appropriate consultations
and notification have taken place. The
President has directed that this process be
completed without delay.
Thank you.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the
statement at 5:04 p.m. to reporters assembled
in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Statement by the White House Press Secretary
on the President's Request for a Delay in
Senate Consideration of the Treaty.
January 3, 1980
After consultation with the Senate
leadership, the President has asked Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd to delay
consideration of the SALT II treaty on
the Senate floor.
While the President continues to believe
that ratification of SALT II is in the national security interest of the United
States, he has concluded that the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan, in defiance of
the United Nations Charter, has made
consideration of the SALT II treaty inappropriate at this time.
The President has asked that the delay
continue while he and the Congress assess
Soviet actions and intentions and devote
their attention to legislative and other
measures required to respond to the crisis
created by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the
statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing
Room at the White House.
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
Letter to the Majority Leader of the Senate
Requesting a Delay in Senate Consideration
of the Treaty. January 3, 1980
Dear Senator Byrd:
In light of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I request that you delay consideration of the SALT II Treaty on the
Senate floor.
The purpose of this request is not to
withdraw the Treaty from consideration,
but to defer the debate so that the Congress and I as President can assess Soviet
actions and intentions, and devote our
primary attention to the legislative and
other measures required to respond to
this crisis.
As you know, I continue to share your
view that the SALT II Treaty is in the
national security interest of the United
States and the entire world, and that it
should be taken up by the Senate as soon
as these more urgent issues have been
addressed.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
[The Honorable Robert Byrd, Majority Leader
of the United States Senate, Washington, D.C.]
Commissioner of Social Security
Recess Appointment of William Joseph
Driver. January 3, 1980
The President today announced the recess appointment of William Joseph
Driver, of Falls Church, Va., as Commissioner of Social Security. He replaces
Sanford Ross, resigned.
Driver was with the Veterans Administration for 24 years and was president
of the Manufacturing Chemists Association until his retirement in 1978.
12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 3
He was born May 9, 1918, in Rochester, N.Y. He received a B.B.A. from
Niagara University in 1941 and an LL.B.
(1952) and M.P.A. (1965) from George
Washington University. He served in the
U.S. Army from 1941 to 1945.
Driver was with the Veterans Administration from 1945 to 1969, beginning as a
management analyst and serving subsequently as Director of the Compensation
and Pension Service, Chief Benefits Director, Deputy Administrator of Veterans
Affairs; and, from 1964 to 1969, Administrator of Veterans Affairs.
He was president of the Manufacturing
Chemists Association from 1969 to 1978.
Special Assistant to the President
for Ethnic Affairs
Appointment of Stephen R. Aiello.
January 3, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of Stephen R. Aiello, of
Brooklyn, N.Y., as Special Assistant to the
President for Ethnic Affairs. Aiello has
been president of the New York City
board of education since 1977.
He was born October 14, 1942, in New
York City. He received a B.A. in history
from New York University in 1964, an
M.A. in social studies from Columbia
University in 1965, and a Ph. D. from
Union Graduate School in 1979.
From 1965 to 1971, Aiello taught in
the New York City schools, at Abraham
Lincoln High School, Franklin D. Roosevelt High School, and John Dewey High
School, where he was also coordinator of
student activities.
From 1971 to 1974, he was special assistant to the president of the New York
City board of education. He was a mem
ber of the board of education from 1974
to 1977. Since 1975 he has been an adjunct assistant professor at Fordham University Graduate School's division of
urban education, supervision, and
administration.
Aiello serves on the board of directors
of the New York Urban Coalition and
the Catholic Interracial Council. He has
served as chairman of the Intergroup
Educational Forum Brotherhood-in-Action program, as a consultant to WNET
television's department of racial and ethnic affairs project, and as a member of
the City Commission on Human Rights,
Task Force on Ethnic and Racial Understanding and Cooperation.
National Capital Transportation
Amendments of 1979
Remarks at the Bill Signing Ceremony.
January 3, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Barry, you didn't
come on the Metro, did you? [Laughter]
REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. We Marylanders did.
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. Mr. President, there's a fare card if you'd use it.
[Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. When you
come up for the State of the Union, could
you do it then?
THE PRESIDENT. I'm going to give it to
Mayor Barry after a while, so he'll be
here on-[laughter]. Thank you very
much, Herb.
This is a very good day, I believe, in
the lives of the people who live in this entire Washington, D.C., region and also
of those who work in the Federal Govern
13
Jan. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ment, and I'm doubly grateful, as President, to be able to participate in this ceremony.
House Bill 3951 will complete the financial commitment of the Federal Government to the completion of the Metrorail
system. This is a project that was undertaken a long time ago, because the officials
of the Washington area, the officials of the
State of Virginia and the State of Maryland, Members of Congress, private and
government employers and employees,
and various interest groups all felt that,
for a wide range of reasons, we needed
to have a rail system of transportation in
this area.
The prospect of urban decay, the adverse impact on the quality of the air that
we breathe, the. excessive compacting of
traffic during rush. hours on our highways,
the need to conserve energy, all were factors many years ago in the making of a
final decision about the construction of
this rapid transit rail system. This is a
good result of close cooperation between
government at various levels and the private sector of the American economy.
I understand that now there are an
average of about 300,000 passengers on the
Metrorail system, and now with the opening of the Metro system on Saturdays and
Sundays, this is very likely to increase.
These are 300,000 people who would
ordinarily have been using their automobiles, with a very heavy drain on the
energy reserves of our country and with
an adverse impact on the quality of our
life.
I've heard that one or two private employers are already subsidizing employees'
use of the Metrorail system. This is a
practice that I hope will grow in the future as it proves to be advantageous to us
all.
Now, of course, it's up to the local and
State officials involved, most of whom are
assembled around me in this room, to meet
the requirements for additional funding
that must be put forward for the operation
and maintenance of the Metrorail system.
The Federal obligation, as I say, will be
fulfilled in the signing of this law.
I might add that this is not the limit of
our effort. We will continue to enhance
the carpool and vanpool program, and
as you know, we have made a decision on
parking fees that will have some beneficial
effect, I think, for. the Metrorail system,
causing some inconvenience for those who
have in the past overly used automobiles.
My belief is, my conviction is that in
the future every changing factor will make
more valuable the Metrorail system that
is in the process of being built. It would
have been tragic to interrupt the completion of this system because of inadequate
financing or inadequate commitment from
the Federal, State, or local government
agencies or governments. This is an important step forward.
On a nationwide basis we are continuing the same policy to serve other communities. I have already asked the Congress for authorization and financing of
$16.1 billion in increased funds for rapid
transit, almost all of which will come out
of the windfall profits tax when it's passed,
I hope very early this year, by the Congress.
So, we're working together as partners
to save energy, to give us a better quality
of life, to reduce air pollution, to prevent
urban decay, and to improve the quality
of the metropolitan area. And I'm very
grateful to all those who are assembled
around me who've played such an integral part in the evolution of this system.
Thank you all very much.
And now I'll be glad to sign the bill
on behalf of us all.
14.
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 3
[At this point, the President signed the bill.]
I hesitate to choose the people who will
make a comment.
REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. I frankly
think that Herb should- [group agreement].
THE PRESIDENT. Everybody-there
seems to be an acclamation.
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. I did give
you the fare card, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. It's the first bribe I've
had this year. [Laughter] Thank you,
Herb. Will you say a word?
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. Well, thank
you very much. I speak for so many people
that have worked for so many years to
accomplish this. And so many of them
know who they are-this obviously goes
back for 20 years of effort, of community
effort-those that broke the bottleneck in
'71 and those that helped us move it along
this year to share the completion of a system that can mean so much in transportation and in environment, but also in community, Mr. President.
And I think Metro has brought us together, sometimes to get along and sometimes to fuss, but it's brought us together.
And it has meant a great deal, I think,
to all of us, to the community, and means
a great deal to the future.
I want to just make a special word. We
wanted this bill passed this year. I do not
think this bill would have been passed this
year if it had not been for the work and
the effort of this'administration and this
President. They did it; they did it in a
very real way.
I'd like for all of us that have just a
special thing with regard to Metro, with
what it will bring to our community, to
say in unison, "Thank you, Mr.
President."
THE GROUP. Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Mac, would you like
to say something?
SENATOR MATHIAS. Well, thank you,
Mr. President. I think Herb has expressed
the appreciation that all of us have. We
know that it's a tough time to allocate $1.7
billion to a project which affects one city.
But we felt that it did affect more than
one city, one community, that this is a
symbol of what this Nation is doing to
improve life in urban America, to meet
the crisis in energy, and that we have
wrapped up in the act, which you have
completed today, a piece of legislation
which is important to all Americans everywhere. And we appreciate your very
prompt action in making it a law.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much,
Mac. Paul?
SENATOR SARBANES. Well, thank you,
Mr. President. I want to pick up on one
thing you said. This is for this metropolitan area, and it's an enormously important day for the people of the Washington metropolitan area. Metro, I think,
is probably the single most significant
project we have in this area, and we're
very grateful to you and the administration for your support of this legislation,
for pushing it through.
But it ought not to stop here. And we
want that windfall profits tax bill and
the revenues that are in that legislation,
which will help to make it possible to
have comparable systems to Metro in
other major metropolitan areas of the
country. So, we see this as not the end of
something, but the beginning of bringing
mass transit across the country. We see
the Secretary of Transportation here.
We're very pleased that he's present. We
assured our colleagues in the Senate, as a
matter of fact, that this was not going to
be the end, but the beginning, to try and
solve their mass transit problems as well.
15
Jan. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Paul.
Gladys?
REPRESENTATIVE SPELLMAN. Mr. President, today is really a dream come true.
As I said to some of my colleagues, many
people who go into the stations see just
beautiful, beautiful stations representing
Metro, but those of us who worked on it
from its very inception see it in all of its
components, every little thing that had to
go into place.
But the most remarkable thing of all
was the fact we were able to get the
States of Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia all working together in a
compact and all working together for the
common good. We were able to sublimate
our own little special pet projects in order
to work together, in order to make the
whole system jell.
And to have a President come in at this
point who understands all that went on
before and understands the need for making this project whole at a time when
there was talk of truncating the system is,
I think, the culminating aspect of it all.
It's just a dream come true, and you've
made that dream come true. We thank
you.
THE PRESIDENT. Knowing everything
that had gone on before, it was not one of
the most delightful experiences. [Laughter]
I'm particularly glad that-Joe, would
you say a word? And then I'm going to
call on local Washington officials. Joe
Fisher.
REPRESENTATIVE FISHER. Thank you,
Mr. President. This, of course, is a great
day for more than 3 million people who
live in this region and many, many more
Americans who come here every year to
visit.
And I suppose the completion of this
Metro, which you've now put on the
track, is the biggest thing that can happen
to this region since, well, since the Civil
War, I guess; only this is a happy event,
and that one wasn't. [Laughter] So, thank
you very much, and all of us here are just
delighted with the outcome.
THE PRESIDENT. I thought you were
going to say since the 1976 election.
[Laughter]
REPRESENTATIVE FISHER. That too;
that too.
THE PRESIDENT. Mike?
REPRESENTATIVE BARNES. Thank you,
Mr. President. I'm new to this. Unlike
Gladys Spellman, I haven't been serving
in public office for so many years. I came
into this fight just a year ago when Herb
called us together on the Hill, and it was a
very depressing meeting. Really, I don't
think anyone in that room, save perhaps
Herb, thought that we were going to get
this-[laughter]-thought that we were
going to have this bill on your desk this
soon.
It was a remarkable victory, and what
achieved it was the teamwork of Virginia,
Maryland, and the District of Columbia,
committed to working together. And it
was a very exciting thing for me in my first
year in Congress to be a part of, and I am
really honored to be here today to witness
your signature on this bill.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
I'm going to ask the Mayor to wait
until last and let him sum it up, because
he's the guest of honor and the man of
honor today. But I'm very particularly
grateful to have Walter Washington here.
He was the Mayor when a lot of this work
was done. Walter, thank you for coming.
MR. WASHINGTON. Thank you, Mr.
President.
THE PRESIDENT. And Walter Fauntroy, would you say a word? I know how
hard you've worked on this. You are welcome to come down if you like.
DELEGATE FAUNTROY. No. I simply
want to reiterate the words of Herb Harris
in gratitude to you and the administration
for having brought to fruition the dream
16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 3
of the instructive example of what we
have to do in our regions, working together, city and suburb together, black
and white together, to fashion creative
solutions to not only transportation problems but, as you pointed out in your statement, the problems of quality air and
water. And for that we are eternally grateful to you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
Chuck Robb, would you say a word?
LT. Gov. ROBB. Mr. President, I would
just add our own congratulations to you
and the administration and to Herb and
to let you know that those of us who are
going to be heading down to Richmond
shortly know that we have our work cut
out for us in terms of our component.
[Laughter] I hope that this will add renewed enthusiasms to our efforts on behalf of this entire project in the General
Assembly, which convenes next week.
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. GO and pass
the bill. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Mayor Barry, would
you come on down, so the mikes can pick
it up better? And I would like for you
to-is there anyone else that has an uncontrollable urge to say a few words?
[Laughter.] There are so many people
here who have worked so hard on this
project and who deserve recognition, and
I know that they would all like to speak
and add their congratulations to those
who've been successful in it.
But I'd like to close by asking Mayor
Marion Barry to say a word representing
this great city.
MAYOR BARRY. Thank you, Mr. President. Let me say this is a great day for
all of us in terms of Metro and transportation. And the District is totally committed. In fact, we have transferred over a
billion dollars of our own highway trust
moneys into this system. We're prepared
to transfer another three or four hundred
million dollars that's left over from our
freeway system. That's how committed
we are to this.
Also, this project has enabled Herb
Harris and myself to forget about our differences about the nonresident income
tax-[laughter]. So now Herb can ride
the Metro on over the Orange Line, and
we can get back into our discussions about
the nonresident income tax.
REPRESENTATIVE HARRIS. I heard you,
Mayor. We forgot about that. [Laughter]
MAYOR BARRY. But it's really been
great-the region working together, the
State of Maryland, the Congress, the Governors, the local representatives. And this
is really an example of what we can do,
working with the Federal sector, the private sector, the local governments to
make this region a better place for all of
us to live.
So, I'm just delighted to be here. And
I occasionally ride Metro myself, so that
fare card was not new to me. So, Mr.
President, thank you very much for your
support and your help in making sure that
we can complete our system. When businesses come here, they look at that as an
example of what can happen. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, and congratulations.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:45 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House.
As enacted, H.R. 3951 is Public Law 96 -184, approved January 3.
National Capital Transportation
Amendments of 1979
Statement on Signing H.R. 3951 Into Law.
January 3, 1980
I am pleased to sign today H.R. 3951,
the National Capital Transportation
Amendments of 1979. This act authorizes
additional Federal funding to complete
17
Jan. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
construction of the full 101-mile Washington metropolitan area rapid transit
system.
A condition of the authorization is that
the local jurisdictions and the States of
Maryland and Virginia provide a stable
and reliable source of revenue to operate
and maintain this regional transit system.
With the Federal commitment clear, we
look forward to swift action by the local
jurisdictions and the States.
The Metro system represents the decision of Washington area governments, the
Federal Government, employees, employers, and other area residents to implement
an energy-efficient, environmentally
sound transportation policy. Already, the
number of riders on Metro approaches
300,000 on an average weekday. The start
of Saturday and Sunday service and the
opening of new lines have brought more
and more people to the system. Many of
these trips would once have been made by
car.
I note with optimism the recent decision of one area employer to begin to subsidize employee use of Metro, just as
many have for years subsidized private
auto travel.
This act, combined with the financing
agreement signed by Transportation Secretary Goldschmidt and the Washington
Metropolitan Area Transit Authority last
September, gives us confidence that the
facilities necessary to continue the move
toward mass transit can be completed.
I congratulate all those involved on the
progress made so far and urge them to
continue to work together to develop and
implement the most efficient forms of urban transportation possible. We in the
Federal Government are ready to help.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3951 is Public Law
96-184, approved January 3.
Presidential Management
Improvement Awards
Memorandum From the President.
January 4, 1980
Memorandum for the Heads of Departments and Agencies
Subject: Presidential Recognition Program
I am pleased to announce that ten
individuals and one group have been
selected to receive 1978 Presidential Management Improvement Awards. The
names of the recipients are listed on the
enclosure. Collectively, their achievements have saved the Government more
than $50.5 million and have contributed
significantly to advancements in science
and technology, improving our national
security, and providing better services to
the public.
The winners were selected from a field
of some 2,900 outstanding candidates.
Since this program began two years ago,
more than 4,200 employees and military
members have been recognized for contributions which have saved the Government more than $479 million.
These gratifying results demonstrate my
belief that Federal personnel are willing
and able to contribute significantly to improving Government operations and services. Those serving in management positions can help provide the necessary
motivation and incentive by listening to
employee ideas and giving prompt recognition to exceptional performance.
I urge each of you to use our various
awards programs to bring out the best in
those who serve with you. So that I can
continue to add my personal congratulations and thanks, I ask that you continue
to provide me with the names of persons
within your organization who contribute
significantly to increasing productivity,
improving services, conserving energy and
18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 4
other vital resources, eliminating paperwork, and developing and applying new
and existing technology.
JIMMY CARTER
Presidential Management
Improvement Awards
Announcement of 11 Recipients of the 1978
Awards. January 4, 1980
The President today announced that 10
individuals and one group have been
selected to receive 1978 Presidential Management Improvement Awards.
The Presidential Management Improvement Awards were established to
provide high-level honorary recognition
to individuals, small working groups, or
teams who have made contributions
which represent exceptional management
improvement.
The recipients are:
Harmon H. Adams, a social worker
with the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Decatur, Ga., who proposed
that patients in VA-contract nursing
homes not be readmitted to VA hospitals
for medical evaluation to determine
whether they may enter the home-cure
program. This eliminates the average 5 -day hospital stay, which has already
saved $172,500, and speeds the return of
patients to their home environment.
James Campbell, an Army storage manager at Ft. Carson, Colo., who suggested
changes in the way munitions were issued,
used, and disposed of at Fort Carson,
which have reduced the loss of ammunition, maximized its return to a useable
state, and provided training to troops in
all aspects of technical ammunition handling and use. The new procedures have
already saved $3,261,000 and are expected to be implemented at many other
installations, resulting in even more
savings.
TSgt Spencer T. Hayes, an electronics
mechanic with the Alabama Air National
Guard in Dothan, Ala., who, on his own
initiative, developed and perfected a
needed automatic radar tracking capability for the tactical air control system that
enabled the Air Force to cancel a planned
procurement program, a saving of $13
million.
John W. Kiker, chief of the Mechanisms Branch, Spacecraft Design Division
at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Tex., who, on his own initiative, developed a proposal and then convinced
NASA authorities that a modified Boeing
747 could be used as a ferry aircraft and
airborne launch platform for the Space
Shuttle. This alternative to designing engines that could be used to test fly the
75-ton Space Shuttle Orbiter proved successful in 13 flights, which verified all
spacecraft flight worthiness as well as crew
procedures, saving $30 million.
Helen A. Lewis and Patricia A. Martens, inventory management specialists
for the Department of the Army in Warren, Mich., who suggested that M48A1
tanks to be shipped to the Republic of
Korea be inspected in Barstow, Calif.,
since the terms of the agreement with
Korea made it unnecessary to ship the
tanks from Barstow to Anniston, Ala., for
rebuilding, as was normally done. This
resulted in a saving of $1,495,870 in transportation costs.
Arthur E. Martin and Barnett W. McConnell, Chief and Deputy Chief of the
Engineering Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery at the VA Medical
Center in Nashville, Tenn., who suggested
that heated or cooled air being exhausted
be reused to warm or cool the new supply
of air in the Nashville VA Medical Center. This concept has been approved as
suitable for three additional VA medical
centers. It has saved $484,000.
Marion E. Meadows, veterinarian-incharge at the USDA Animal and Plant
19
Jan. 4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Health Inspection Service in Mission,
Tex., where he has run a program largely
responsible for the successful eradication
of screwworm infestations in the United
States.
Jeffrey L. Verburg, sonar technician
first class with the Navy's Fleet Anti-Submarine Warfare Training Center in San
Diego, who conceived and developed a
tactical towed-array sensor (an anti-submarine sonar device) which provides the
Navy Fleet with an anti-submarine warfare capability 7 years earlier than had
been anticipated.
Houston Employee Plans Group at the
Internal Revenue Service in Houston,
Tex., a group of 12 individuals who developed a procedure for handling inquiries
under the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act in a faster, more efficient
manner that saved over $1 million annually and received favorable public
reaction.
Trade With Indonesia, Trinidad
and Tobago, and Countries
Forming the Cartegena
Agreement
Proclamation 4711. January 4, 1980
STAGED REDUCTION OF RATES OF DUTY
ON CERTAIN PRODUCTS TO CARRY OUT
TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH INDONESIA,
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO AND WITH THE
COUNTRIES FORMING THE CARTEGENA
AGREEMENT
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
1. I have determined, pursuant to section 101(a) of the Trade Act of 1974
(the Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2111(a)),
that certain existing duties of the United
States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States
and that one or more of the purposes of
the Trade Act would be pro.noted by
entering into the trade agreements identified in the third recital of this proclamation.
2. Sections 131(a), 132, and 133, 134,
135, and 161(b) of the Trade Act (19
U.S.C. 2151(a), 2152, 2153, 2154, 2155
and 2211 (b)) and section 4(c) of Executive Order No. 11846 of March 27, 1975,
have been complied with.
3. Pursuant to Title I of the Trade Act
(19 U.S.C. 2111 et seq.), I have, through
my duly empowered representative,
entered into product-specific trade agreements with Indonesia, on November 29,
1979, with Trinidad and Tobago on December 19, 1979, and with the countries
forming the Cartegena Agreement on
December 14, 1979, pursuant to which
United States rates of duty on certain
products would be modified as hereinafter
proclaimed and as provided for in the
annexes to this proclamation, in exchange
for certain measures which will benefit
United States interests.
4. In order to implement the trade
agreements referred to in the third recital
of this proclamation it is necessary to
modify the Tariff Schedules of the United
States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202) as provided for in the annexes to this proclamation, attached hereto and made a part
hereof.
5. Pursuant to section 855 (a) of the
Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat.
295), I have determined that, in the case
of bitters containing spirits classified
under item 168.12 of the TSUS, adequate
reciprocal concessions have been received,
under the trade agreement identified in
the third recital of this proclamation
20
m
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 4
which was entered into under the Trade
Act of 1974, with Trinidad and Tobago,
for the application of the rate of duty appearing in rate column numbered 1 for
such item on January 1, 1979, for the comparable item determined on a proof gallon
basis.
6. Each modification of existing duty
proclaimed herein which provides with
respect to an article for a decrease in duty
below the limitation specified in section
101(b) (i) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19
U.S.C. 2111 (b) (i)) is authorized by one
or more of the following provisions or
statutes:
(a) Section 101(b) (2) of the Trade
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111 (b) (2)), by
virtue of the fact that the rate of duty
existing on January 1, 1975, applicable to
the article was not more than 5 percent ad
valorem (or ad valorem equivalent);
(b) Section 109(b) of the Trade Act of
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2119(b)), by virtue of
the fact that I have determined, pursuant
to that section, that the decrease authorized by that section will simplify the computation of the amount of duty imposed
with respect to the article; and
(c) Section 855 (a) of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 295) by virtue
of the authority in such section for specified concessions based on reciprocity.
7. Pursuant to the Trade Act, I determine that the modifications or continuances of existing duties hereinafter proclaimed are required or appropriate to
carry out the trade agreements identified
in the third recital of this proclamation.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY. CARTER,
President of the United States of America, acting under the authority vested in
me by the Constitution and the statutes,
including sections 101, 105, 109, and 604
of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2111, 2115,
2119, and 2483), and Titles V and VIII
of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (93
Stat. 250) do proclaim, subject to any
applicable provisions of the agreements
identified in the third recital of this proclamation and of the United States law,
that(1) The TSUS is modified as provided
in Annexes I and II to this proclamation.
(2) Each of the modifications to the
TSUS made by this proclamation shall be
effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption
on and after January 1, 1980.
(3) The rate of duty applicable to
TSUS item 168.12 has been reduced
under section 101 of the Trade Act of
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2111), as indicated in
Annex II, from the rate of duty appearing
in rate column numbered 1 on January 1,
1979, for the comparable item determined
on a proof gallon basis.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:49 p.m., January 4, 1980]
NOTE: The annexes to the proclamation are
printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 8,
1980.
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Address to the Nation. January 4, 1980
I come to you this evening to discuss
the extremely important and rapidly
changing circumstances in Southwest
Asia.
I continue to share with all of you the
sense of outrage and impatience because
21
Jan. 4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of the kidnaping of innocent American
hostages and the holding of them by militant terrorists with the support and the
approval of Iranian officials. Our purposes
continue to be the protection of the longrange interests of our Nation and the
safety of the American hostages.
We are attempting to secure the release
of the Americans through the International Court of Justice, through the
United Nations, and through public and
private diplomatic efforts. We are determined to achieve this goal. We hope to do
so without bloodshed and without any
further danger to the lives of our 50 fellow Americans. In these efforts, we continue to have the strong support of the
world community. The unity and the
common sense of the American people
under such trying circumstances are essential to the success of our efforts.
Recently, there has been another very
serious development which threatens the
maintenance of the peace in Southwest
Asia. Massive Soviet military forces have
invaded the small, nonaligned, sovereign
nation of Afghanistan, which had hitherto not been an occupied satellite of the
Soviet Union.
Fifty thousand heavily armed Soviet
troops have crossed the border and are
now dispersed throughout Afghanistan,
attempting to conquer the fiercely independent Muslim people of that country.
The Soviets claim, falsely, that they
were invited into Afghanistan to help protect that country from some unnamed outside threat. But the President, who had
been the leader of Afghanistan before the
Soviet invasion, was assassinated-along
with several members of his family-after
the Soviets gained control of the capital
city of Kabul. Only several days later was
the new puppet leader even brought into
Afghanistan by the Soviets.
This invasion is an extremely serious
threat to peace because of the threat of
further Soviet expansion into neighboring countries in Southwest Asia and also
because such an aggressive military policy
is unsettling to other peoples throughout
the world.
This is a callous violation of international law and the United Nations Charter. It is a deliberate effort of a powerful
atheistic government to subjugate an independent Islamic people.
We must recognize the strategic importance of Afghanistan to stability and
peace. A Soviet-occupied Afghanistan
threatens both Iran and Pakistan and is a
steppingstone to possible control over
much of the world's oil supplies.
The United States wants all nations in
the region to be free and to be independent. If the Soviets are encouraged in this
invasion by eventual success, and if they
maintain their dominance over Afghanistan and then extend their control to adjacent countries, the stable, strategic, and
peaceful balance of the entire world will
be changed. This would threaten the
security of all nations including, of course,
the United States, our allies, and our
friends.
Therefore, the world simply cannot
stand by and permit the Soviet Union to
commit this act with impunity. Fifty nations have petitioned the United Nations
Security Council to condemn the Soviet
Union and to demand the immediate
withdrawal of all Soviet troops from Afghanistan. We realize. that under the
United Nations Charter the Soviet Union
and other permanent members may veto
action of the Security Council. If the will
of the Security Council should be
thwarted in this manner, then immediate
action would be appropriate in the General Assembly of the United Nations,
where no Soviet veto exists.
22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 4
In the meantime, neither the United
States nor any other nation which is committed to world peace and stability can
continue to do business as usual with the
Soviet Union.
I have already recalled the United
States Ambassador from Moscow back to
Washington. He's working with me and
with my other senior advisers in an immediate and comprehensive evaluation of
the whole range of our relations with the
Soviet Union.
The successful negotiation of the SALT
II treaty has been a major goal and a
major achievement of this administration,
and we Americans, the people of the Soviet Union, and indeed the entire world
will benefit from the successful control of
strategic nuclear weapons through the implementation of this carefully negotiated
treaty.
However, because of the Soviet aggression, I have asked the United States Senate to defer further consideration of the
SALT II treaty so that the Congress and
I can assess Soviet actions and intentions
and devote our primary attention to the
legislative and other measures required to
respond to this crisis. As circumstances
change in the future, we will, of course,
keep the ratification of SALT II under
active review in consultation with the
leaders of the Senate.
The Soviets must understand our deep
concern. We will delay opening of any
new American or Soviet consular facilities, and most of the cultural and economic exchanges currently under consideration will be deferred. Trade with the
Soviet Union will be severely restricted.
I have decided to halt or to reduce exports to the Soviet Union in three areas
that are particularly important to them.
These new policies are being and will be
coordinated with those of our allies.
I've directed that no high technology
or other strategic items will be licensed
for sale to the Soviet Union until further
notice, while we revise our licensing
policy.
Fishing privileges for the Soviet Union
in United States waters will be severely
curtailed. I
The 17 million tons of grain ordered by
the Soviet Union in excess of that amount
which we are committed to sell will not
be delivered. This grain was not intended
for human consumption but was to be
used for building up Soviet livestock
herds.
I am determined to minimize any adverse impact on the American farmer
from this action. The undelivered grain
will be removed from the market through
storage and price support programs and
through purchases at market prices. We
will also increase amounts of grain devoted to the alleviation of hunger in poor
countries, and we'll have a massive increase of the use of grain for gasohol production here at home.
After consultation with other principal
grain-exporting nations, I am confident
that they will not replace these quantities
of grain by additional shipments on their
part to the Soviet Union.
These actions will require some sacrifice on the part of all Americans, but there
is absolutely no doubt that these actions
are in the interest of world peace and in
the interest of the security of our own
Nation, and they are also compatible with
actions being taken by our own major
trading partners and others who share our
deep concern about this new Soviet threat
to world stability.
Although the United States would prefer not to withdraw from the Olympic
games scheduled in Moscow this summer,
the Soviet Union must realize that its continued aggressive actions will endanger
both the participation of athletes and the
23
Jan. 4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
travel to Moscow by spectators who would
normally wish to attend the Olympic
games.
Along with other countries, we will provide military equipment, food, and other
assistance to help Pakistan defend its
independence and its national security
against the seriously increased threat it
now faces from the north. The United
States also stands ready to help other nations in the region in similar ways.
Neither our allies nor our potential adversaries should have the slightest doubt
about our willingness, our determination,
and our capacity to take the measures I
have outlined tonight. I have consulted
with leaders of the Congress, and I am
confident they will support legislation that
may be required to carry out these
measures.
History teaches, perhaps, very few clear
lessons. But surely one such lesson learned
by the world at great cost is that aggression, unopposed, becomes a contagious
disease.
The response of the international community to the Soviet attempt to crush
Afghanistan must match the gravity of
the Soviet action.
With the support of the American people and working with other nations, we
will deter aggression, we will protect our
Nation's security, and we will preserve the
peace. The United States will meet its
responsibilities.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9 p.m. from the
Oval Office at the White House. His remarks
were broadcast live on radio and television.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
January 2
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell, Director of
the Council on Wage and Price Stability, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant
to the President for Domestic Affairs
and Policy, and Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Frank C. Carlucci, Deputy Director
of Central Intelligence, Hamilton
Jordan, Assistant to the President,
and Dr. Brzezinski.
January 3
The President met at tile White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Representative William S. Moorhead
of Pennsylvania;
-Mr. McIntyre.
The White House announced that at
the invitation of the President, Italian
Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga will
make an official visit to Washington January 24-25. The two Allied leaders will
review a full range of major international
issues. They will also discuss U.S. relations with the European Community, of
which Italy currently holds the Presidency.
24
lllsPP~I~ — -- I I urr
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The President announced the recess
appointments of six persons. They are:
-William J. Beckham, Jr., as Deputy
Secretary of Transportation, who
was nominated for this position on
October 26, 1979;
-Thomas K. Berg, as United States
Attorney for the District of Minnesota, who was nominated for this position on December 20, 1979;
-William J. Driver, as Commissioner
of Social Security;
-Ralph Earle II, as Director of the
United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency;
-George M. Seignious, as a member of
the General Advisory Committee of
the United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency;
-William Lee Smith, as Commissioner
of Education, who was nominated
for this position on December 20,
1979.
The President announced the appointment of Charles D. Ravenel, of Charleston, S.C., as Associate Deputy Secretary
of Commerce, a new position.
The President transmitted to the Congress the report on the Middle Distillate
Situation During the Winter of 1979 -1980.
January 4
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler,
Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Jordan;
-Mr. Moore;
-U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., and Secretary Vance.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
No nominations were submitted to the Senate during the period covered by this issue.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released January 2, 1980
News conference: on reorganization of international trade functions-by Deputy Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges, Jr.,
Deputy United States Trade Representative
Robert Hormats, and W. Harrison Wellford,
Executive Associate Director for Reorganization and Management, Office of Management and Budget
Fact sheet: reorganization of international
trade functions
Released January 3, 1980
Announcement: appointment of Charles D.
Ravenel as Associate Deputy Secretary of
Commerce
News conference: on the President's general
revenue sharing reauthorization proposalby James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the
Office of Management and Budget, Stuart E.
Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for
Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Jack H.
Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for
Intergovernmental Affairs
Fact sheet: general revenue sharing reauthorization proposal
Released January 4, 1980
Announcement: the President's address to the
Nation on the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan-by White House Press Secretary Jody
Powell
Advance text: address to the Nation on the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
25
d~g~~ - - - - Po- l
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved January 2, 1980
H.R. 3091 --- —-------- Public Law 96-178
An act to extend for one year the provisions
of law relating to the business expenses of
State legislators.
H.R. 2584 --- —------- Public Law 96-179
An act to amend the provisions of chapters
83 and 89 of title 5, United States Code,
which relate to survivor benefits for certain
dependent children, and for other purposes.
S. 440 --- —----------- Public Law 96-180
Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1979.
S. 525 --- —----------- Public Law 96-181
Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and
Rehabilitation Amendments of 1979.
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved January 2-Continued
H.R. 2043 --- —------- Public Law 96-182
An act to amend the Water Bank Act for the
purposes of authorizing the Secretary of Agriculture to adjust payment rates with respect
to initial conservation agreements and to
designate certain areas as wetlands, and for
other purposes.
H.J. Res. 467 ----------- Public Law 96-183
A joint resolution making an urgent appropriation for administrative expenses of the
Chrysler Corporation loan guarantee program, and to provide financial assistance to
the Chrysler Corporation for the fiscal year
ending September 30, 1980.
Approved January 3, 1980
H.R. 3951 --- —------- Public Law 96-184
National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979.
26
Week Ending Friday, January 11, 1980
Meeting With United Nations
Secretary-General
Kurt Waldheim
Statement by the White House Press
Secretary. January 6, 1980
The President met with SecretaryGeneral Waldheim for 2 hours this evening in the Oval Office. The SecretaryGeneral reviewed in detail his recent trip
to Tehran, including his extensive conversations with the Revolutionary Council,
the Iranian Foreign Minister, and other
Iranian officials.
The President expressed appreciation
for the Secretary-General's efforts to bring
about a peaceful resolution of the crisis
and admiration for his personal courage.
The President expressed regret that the
Secretary-General was not permitted to
see any of the Americans being held
illegally at our Embassy and that the
Secretary-General did not see the Ayatollah Khomeini.
The President expressed appreciation
for the Secretary-General's expression, on
behalf of the international community, of
concern for the safety and welfare of the
Americans held in Tehran.
The President reiterated the position of
the United States that the United Nations
should begin without delay the process of
implementing the United Nations Security
Council resolution of December 31.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the
statement at 8:30 p.m. to reporters assembled
in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Chrysler Corporation Loan
Guarantee Act of 1979
Remarks on Signing H.R. 5860 Into Law.
January 7, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. This legislation, the
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee
Act of 1979, is extremely important not
only for Chrysler and its employees, its
dealers, its suppliers, not only important
for Detroit but for all the people of our
country and, I think, almost every State
in our Nation, in fact, almost every
community.
This is legislation which has been passed
after very careful consideration, but with
extreme speed. It shows in vivid terms
that when our Nation does have a genuine
pressing economic problem, that my own
administration and the Congress can act
expeditiously. We had a lot of good help
in the Congress. It would be a mistake for
me to try to name all those who were
directly involved. Congressman Blanchard, Congressman Moorhead, the Speaker, and many others in the House, Senators Riegle, Levin, Senator Tom Eagleton-who particularly wanted to be here,
but has to be in London today-Majority
Leader Byrd, and others have been extremely helpful in the Congress.
In addition, of course, the Chrysler
officials, officials of the UAW, Lane Kirkland, representing AFL-CIO, Mayor
Coleman Young from Detroit have met
here at the White House on several occasions to try to hammer out the terms, of
this legislation, working very closely with
Secretary of Treasury Bill Miller.
27
Jan. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This legislation does not violate the
principle of letting a competitive free enterprise system in our country function on
its own, because Chrysler is unique in its
present circumstances. It has the most
diversified work force of any corporation
in America. Its suppliers and its dealers
and its manufacturing plants touch almost
every major community in our country.
It's important to have Chrysler preserved as a viable, competitive entity, not
only to protect jobs involved but to protect the competitive nature of the American automobile manufacturing industry
in its competition with foreign suppliers
and in the provision of good products at a
competitive price for the American consumer.
This legislation will permit the Federal
Government to guarantee $1 2 billion in
loans to Chrysler from private sources,
provided an additional $2 billion in commitments or concessions can be arranged
by Chrysler for the financing of its operations. This has to be an entire package.
This legislation is only the beginning.
The loan guarantees will not be made
by the Federal Government unless the
other contributions or concessions are
given to Chrysler by its own owners, stockholders, administrators, employees, dealers, suppliers, foreign and domestic financial institutions, and by State and local
governments. It's got to be a package deal,
and everyone understands this. And because they have already probed for the
best possible interrelationship to form a
team to protect Chrysler's viability, I
believe there's a good chance that this
package will be put together.
With this legislation, 200,000 American
jobs can be preserved, in manufacturing,
in suppliers to Chrysler, and through the
sale of Chrysler products.
I'm very grateful for the help that all
those assembled here and many others
have given in the preparation of this legislation. And following my own comments,
I would like to have the representatives
of Chrysler Corporation, Doug Fraser,
representing the UAW, and maybe one or
two Members of the Congress to add a
word to what I've said.
It's an honor for me, and a pleasure as
President, to take this action, which I
think is in the best interest of our
country.
[At this point, the President signed the bill.]
Very good.
MR. FRASER. Thank you.
I might say that last Friday that we
closed what we called the Dodge Main
Plant in the city of Detroit. They ran off
the last car there. And in over a span of
65 years, we produced over 39 million
cars in that plant. And I think this legislation will, perhaps, minimize the possibility of that ever happening again,
because it's a traumatic experience for the
workers who worked in that plant.
Last Saturday evening, we concluded
the renegotiation of our contract with the
Chrysler Corporation, and that renegotiating resulted in the Chrysler workers,
who belong to the UAW, giving up $246
million in wages and fringe benefits over
the term of the contract. And that, added
to the concessions we made originally,
that results in each Chrysler worker giving up, in 3 years, $4,500 each that they
will receive below that which is received
by their counterparts in GM or Ford. I
would hope now that the other groups
that have a responsibility under this legislation would step forward.
I want to thank, in behalf of the Chrysler workers and the communities in which
they live, the President of the United
States. I don't think this legislation would
have been possible without his assistance.
I want to thank the Members of Con
28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 7
gress and particularly Senator Riegle and
Congressman Brodhead, who gave leadership in this legislative effort. And finally,
I want to thank the other groups who
were of great assistance and particularly
the AFL-CIO.
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Iacocca.
MR. IACOCCA. Well, thank you very
much.
I want to echo what Doug said. I want
to start off by thanking the President of
the United States and Vice President
Mondale and the whole Congress for not
only putting what I think is a-it's a
tough package, but it's a very fair package, together for us. And I say it in behalf,
really, of 2 million people-I think I've
heard from most of them-2 million people in the Chrysler family. Really, about
600,000 jobs have been preserved.
I think the greatest thing it's done for
all of us-we start a new Chrysler Corporation today-is that from the day the
legislation was passed, that's about December 21, why, the consumers of this
country accepted it as a vote of confidence, because we had one of our biggest
10-day sales periods in history. And we're
back to almost our 10 percent of the market, which is an important part of this
package.
I'd be remiss if I didn't thank the
UAW, who, through all of this, were most
cooperative. And speaking as an executive
of a company, why, a concession of $462.5
million is very difficult for the workers to
accept in these days of roaring inflation.
But they've contributed; they've come to
the party.
I'm hopeful, as the President just outlined, that this is an integrated package, a
complete package. And the hard part
starts now, because we have to come up
with $2 billion. But with this vote of confidence, I'm extremely confident that
we're going to put this package together.
We're not only going to save the 600,000
jobs; hopefully, we're going to add to
them in the next couple of years.
And I'm grateful to everyone concerned
with this-the leadership on the part of
Mr. Blanchard and Mr. Moorhead and
Senators Riegle and Levin and many,
many others, too numerous to mention.
This is just a great day for a lot of people who work very hard in Detroit. And
we're going to make the most of it, and
we're going to merit the confidence of
everybody in this room, given about 6
months, a year of hard work.
Thank you very much.
THE PRESIDENT. Congressman Blanchard.
REPRESENTATIVE BLANCHARD. Thank
you, Mr. President.
We, all of us from Michigan, because
this issue was survival for us, want to
thank you and your administration.
In particular, from the Congress, I
think all of us from Michigan, who pulled
very hard together as a disciplined unit
on this measure, owe a great debt of gratitude to people who do not live in Michigan or represent the State of Michigan:
on my right, Congressman William Moorhead, Congressman Stewart McKinney of
Connecticut, the Speaker of the House,
Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., and the majority
leader of the House of Representatives.
Members of Congress from throughout
the country went to bat to meet a very
critical economic problem, which the
President has outlined. We, all of us from
Michigan, are grateful.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Congressman Moorhead, would you like to say just a word?
REPRESENTATIVE MOORHEAD. Mr.
President, I think this signing of this legislation shows that government, labor, and
industry can work together. And I think
that this is probably more important than
29
Jan. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the legislation itself, although Doug
Fraser and Lee Iacocca might not agree
with it. But I think we've got to realize
that we're competing with our friends,
and not so much friends abroad, and we
ought to be working together as Americans. And I think this legislation that you
signed is a sample of that.
And as you know, Mr. President, it's
so tough that no other corporation is going to come back to us very willingly.
[Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Don.
SENATOR RIEGLE. Thank you, Mr.
President.
On the Senate side of the Congress, and
speaking in behalf of my colleagues, I
want to also thank you, Mr. President,
for your leadership and your willingness
to support what clearly was difficult legislation at this time, but vitally important
legislation to the country. And I think the
willingness of this administration-yourself, those who serve with you, Secretary
Miller, his staff, and others-to put this
legislation forward, to give us a chance to
take it forward in the Congress, is something that all of us here deeply appreciate.
In the Senate, apart from Senator Byrd,
our majority leader, who was critical to
this issue, and on both sides of the aisleSenator Levin from Michigan and Senator Lugar from Indiana and Senator
Bayh from Indiana, Senator Eagleton,
many others-the effort to work this legislation through the process, when we
were coming down to the last hours of
this Congress, was really a remarkable
piece of work by all the folks in this room
and many others in both the House and
the Senate.
And finally, I want to say, both for
Michigan and for the country, that those
of us who represent areas where major
Chrysler facilities and job concentrations
are found, that we appreciate, more than
we can say in words, the vote of confidence
and the chance that the rest of the country, the President, and the other Members of Congress from around the United
States have given us.
And speaking in behalf of our State, we
intend to meet our half of that responsibility and respond to this challenge, and
that means that workers and managers
and all the other parties of interest are
going to have to make superhuman efforts
to see that we take this opportunity and
make it work. We intend to do that, and
we will do that. We're just deeply grateful for this opportunity to have this
chance.
It's an opportunity, in turn, to do something good for the country. We've got
plenty of problems these days, but this is
a chance to make our country stronger,
and I'm confident we will.
Thank you very much.
SENATOR LEVIN. Perhaps I can just
add a personal note, Mr. President. The
passing of this bill not only shows great
leadership on your part but it also shows
great courage. We know that this bill was
not popular in many parts of the country.
It was right for the whole country because
of what would have happened to the
Treasury had Chrysler fallen. But it did
take great courage as well as leadership on
your part, because it did lack great popularity in many parts of the country.
I want to thank you, on behalf of
everybody that Don and I represent as
well as on behalf of others who are represented here today and not represented
here today, for that courage and for that
leadership.
THE PRESIDENT. I might point out that
I represent Michigan, too. [Laughter]
I might point out very quickly that this
was a joint commitment by both Demo
30
- I ~PI
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 7
crats and Republicans. And I would like
to call on Stewart and also Senator Lugar
to say a word.
REPRESENTATIVE MCKINNEY. Well,
Mr. President, I'd like to thank you, too.
I think there were days when we felt
that we'd never make it. We did make it,
and I think it shows that we can work together when the country is faced with a
crisis that has to be resolved. And though
there were doubters and people who
would not support us, I think the end vote
showed that we realized what was at
stake-our competitive situation; the entire economy of this country; but far more
important, I think, all of the people that
we would have hurt, up and down the
United States, had we not passed this legislation. And I appreciate every bit of
your help.
Thank you very much.
SENATOR LUGAR. Mr. President, I appreciate this opportunity simply to say,
I think this was very humane and compassionate legislation. It was important
for the country. We appreciate your
leadership and those who were involved,
especially, I think, from the United Auto
Workers, because their sacrifice has been
enormous.
I go along with the thought that that
sacrifice needs to be met by the banking
community, by those in the investment
community of America, and I'm certain
we're all hopeful that the inspiration of
this signing will push that along.
Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. As we go to the bankers now for their portion, I'm glad we
have something to loan in addition to
compassion. [Laughter]
I might say that this legislation is in the
best interest of our country, not just because of the jobs saved but because of the
potential adverse effect on the Federal
budget itself if Chrysler should cease its
operations, not only with the rapidly increasing unemployment rate but also with
the substantial payments that would have
been required by the Federal Government
in the guarantees of pension funds, in unemployment compensation and welfare
payments that might have resulted.
So, in my judgment it is a good investment for the Federal Government as well
as for Chrysler, its employees, its dealers,
its suppliers, and the communities
involved.
I'm very grateful that this spirit of teamwork has been exemplified. Bill Miller
represented our administration and held
the whole package together. And I particularly want to express my thanks to
him, because he's a tough, competent businessman and a good representative of the
interests of the American taxpayers as
Secretary of the Treasury.
This is, as Bill has pointed out earlier,
tough legislation. It's not the kind of legislation that other companies would rush
forward and ask to be passed for them. It
protects the interests of the American taxpayer. It also protects the soundness of
the American free enterprise system.
And the nature of the entire package
is still a very difficult challenge for us all.
I believe if we can see the same kind of
cooperation and teamwork, however, in
the next few weeks as we have seen in the
past few weeks, we'll be successful in saving Chrysler and benefiting our great Nation at the same time.
Thank you very much.
I only have two regrets, I might say.
One is that Coleman Young, the mayor of
Detroit, is not here, because he really
worked hard on this legislation, and the
second regret is that we could not have
31
Jan. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
had this signing ceremony in Detroit. It
would have been good.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:32 p.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House. Douglas
Fraser is president of the United Auto Workers, and Lee Iacocca is chairman of the Chrysler
Corporation.
As enacted, H.R. 5860 is Public Law 96-185,
approved January 7.
Shipments of Agricultural
Commodities to the Soviet Union
Memorandums From the President.
January 7, 1980
Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce
I hereby direct that you, in consultation
with the Secretary of Agriculture and
other appropriate officials, take immediate action under the Export Administration Act to terminate shipments of
agricultural commodities and products,
including wheat and corn, to the Soviet
Union. Export licenses should be granted,
however, to the extent necessary to permit shipments to continue up to the
8,000,000 metric tons of wheat and corn
per year covered by Article 1 of the 1975
Agreement between the United States and
the Soviet Union on the Supply of Grain.
I am taking this action in the national
security and foreign policy interests of the
United States. I have determined in accordance with the Export Administration
Act that the absence of controls would be
detrimental to those interests and that
alternative courses of action would not
comparably advance them.
JIMMY CARTER
Memorandum for the Secretary of Agriculture
I have today directed the Secretary of
Commerce, in consultation with you and
other appropriate officials, to take immediate action under the Export Administration Act to terminate shipments of agricultural commodities and products, including wheat and corn, to the Soviet
Union. The Secretary of Commerce shall,
however, grant export licenses to the extent necessary to permit shipments to continue up to the 8,000,000 metric tons of
wheat and corn per year covered by Article I of the 1975 Agreement between
the United States and the Soviet Union
on the Supply of Grain. I am taking this
action in the national security and foreign
policy interests of the United States.
I hereby direct that you take the necessary actions, through commodity purchases, and through the price support and
grain reserve programs, to protect America's farmers from the impact of this
unanticipated action. These steps are
designed to remove supplies from the
market in order to assure that price levels
will not be unduly affected.
JIMMY CARTER
Panama Canal
Appointments and Nominations to the Panama
Canal Commission Supervisory Board, the
Panama Canal Consultative Committee, and
the Panama Canal Joint Commission on the
Environment. January 7,1980
PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION
SUPERVISORY BOARD
The President today announced his intention to appoint the five U.S. and four
Panamanian members of the Panama
Canal Commission Supervisory Board.
The five American members, who will
be nominated for confirmation by the
Senate, are:
32
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 7
Michael Blumenfeld, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works. Blumenfeld, 45, was previously Deputy Under
Secretary of the Army. He has been Assistant Secretary since May 1977 and
oversaw the operations of the Canal Zone
Government and the Panama Canal Company. He also served on the Board of Directors of the Panama Canal Company
and was Chairman of the Canal Zone
Civilian Personnel Policy Coordinating
Board. In his capacity as Assistant Secretary, Blumenfeld also oversees the water
resources development program of the
Army Corps of Engineers.
John A. Bushnell, Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs. Bushnell, 46, has been a Foreign
Service officer since 1959 and has been
posted in several Latin American countries. He has served as Deputy Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury for Developing
Nations Finance. He has been in his present position since 1978.
J. W. Clark, president of Clark Maritime Associates, a New Orleans shipping
firm, and a retired captain in the U.S.
Merchant Marine. Clark, 60, graduated
from the Merchant Marine Academy in
1940. He received his first command in
1943 and saw wartime service. From
1959 to 1979, he was president of Delta
Line and director of the company. He resigned from the Merchant Marine in
1979. Clark is a member of the board of
commissioners of the Port of New Orleans
and served as chairman of the Committee
of American Steamship Lines. He was
president of the New Orleans International Trade Mart for 5 years and coordinated the development of the new International Trade Complex for New Orleans.
Clifford B. O'Hara, director of port
commerce for the Port Authority of New
York and New Jersey. O'Hara, 62, was
chief of the Port Commerce Division from
1953 to 1962 and has been director of
port commerce since 1962. He is president
of the American Association of Port Authorities, former president of the North
Atlantic Ports Association, and serves on
the New York Chamber of Commerce
and Industry's World Trade Committee
and Harbor and Shipping Committee.
William Sidell, general president of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America. Sidell, 64, has held
this office since 1972. He is a member of
the executive council of the AFL-CIO
and chairman of its housing and urban
development committee. He also serves as
a member of the executive council of the
Maritime Trades Department and the
executive council of the Building and
Construction Trades Department.
The four Panamanian members who
will be appointed are:
EDWIN FABREGA VELARDE, director general of
Panama's Institute for Water Resources and
Electrification;
ROBERT HUERTEMATTE ESPINOSA, a prominent Panamanian businessman who has
served as Ambassador to the United States
and to the Organization of American States;
GABRIEL LEWIS GALINDO, currently Ambassador at Large, formerly Panama's Ambassador to the United States;
RICARDO A. RODRIGUEZ, an attorney who has
held several positions in the Government of
Panama.
PANAMA CANAL CONSULTATIVE
COMMITTEE
The President also today announced
the appointment of three members of the
Panama Canal Consultative Committee
and three members of the Panama Canal
Joint Commission on the Environment.
The three persons who will serve on the
Panama Canal Consultative Committee
are:
Lt. Gen. Welborn G. Dolvin, a retired
U.S. Army officer who has served as the
Defense Department representative for
Panama Canal Treaty Affairs since 1978.
33
Jan. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Beginning in October 1975, he served as
deputy negotiator and the Defense Department representative in the negotiation
of the Panama Canal treaties of 1977. He
retired from the Army in March 1975,
after 36 years of service.
Ambler H. Moss, Jr., Ambassador to
Panama since 1978. Moss served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations in 1977 and 1978 and
was Department of State coordinator for
the ratification of the Panama Canal
treaties. Previously, he participated in the
treaty negotiations for the United States.
Moss has served on the U.S. Delegation
to the Organization of American States
and in other positions as a Foreign Service officer.
David H. Popper, special representative
of the Secretary of State for Panama
Treaty Affairs, with the rank of Ambassador. Popper has been with the State
Department since 1945 as a specialist in
international organization affairs and has
served as Ambassador to Chile and Cyprus and Assistant Secretary of State for
International Organization Affairs.
PANAMA CANAL JOINT COMMISSION ON
THE ENVIRONMET
The three persons who will serve on the
Panama Canal Joint Commission on the
Environment are:
Robert O. Blake, a retired Foreign
Service officer who has been active in environmental activities since his retirement
in 1977. Blake is a Director of the Natural
Resources Defense Council and a senior
fellow of the International Institute for
Environment and Development. During
the Senate debate on the Panama Canal
treaties and congressional enactment of
implementing legislation, Blake was chairman of the Panama Canal Environmental
Task Force, a coalition of environmental
groups which supported the treaties. His
Foreign Service assignments included
Deputy Chief of Mission in Paris, Ambassador to Mali, and senior advisor to the
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Charles R. Ford, executive assistant and
staff director to the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency. Ford
has been in this position since 1978 and
was previously Deputy, then Acting Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil
Works, the office whose responsibilities
included environmental matters and the
operation of the Panama Canal.
William A. Hayne, Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State for International Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
Hayne has headed the U.S. delegations to
numerous international conferences on
environmental matters. Hayne has been a
Foreign Service officer since 1954 and has
served in economic positions in Lima,
Paris, and Mexico City and on detail to
the Council on Environmental Quality.
Interview With the President
Excerpts From a Question-and-Answer Session
With John Chancellor of NBC News.
January 7, 1980
AID TO PAKISTAN
MR. CHANCELLOR. Well, specifically, sir,
I was wondering about aid, military aid,
to Pakistan.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. This is a commitment that I am ready to make. We
have already assured President Zia, who's
the leader of Pakistan, directly with a
telephone communication from me the
day, very shortly after the invasion, and
since then through emissaries, that we're
willing to join other nations in giving
34
- I I I I II-, I sr
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 7
necessary protection to Pakistan and meet
their legitimate defensive military needs.
This is not a threat to India, an adjacent
country, but it's an ability for Pakistan to
repel invasion if it should occur and particularly to let Pakistan be known as a
strong nation able to protect themselves,
so that a possible invasion will be prevented.
MR. CHANCELLOR. Have there been
any specific communications within the
last 48 hours on this between yourself and
General Zia or the two governments involved?
THE PRESIDENT. Through diplomatic
emissaries, yes; not directly between me
and Zia.
MR. CHANCELLOR. Are you able to expand on that, Mr. President, about the
amount of aid or how it would be delivered or what it would be?
THE PRESIDENT. No. There are three
factors that have to be considered. One is
the degree to which other nations will join
in with us in providing economic and
military aid; secondly, the amount of aid
and the specific form of it that the Pakistanis would like to have; and thirdly, of
course, I'll have to go to the Congress to
get authorization to provide the American
portion of the aid that's decided to be
given to Pakistan.
MR. CHANCELLOR. Can you tell us
what other countries might also be supplying aid to Pakistan?
THE PRESIDENT. I think it would be
better to let them speak for themselves.
MR. CHANCELLOR. Would they be
Western, industrialized countries?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, mostly, and also
some of the Mideast countries perhaps,
who have the wealth and the ability to
help to finance part of the aid.
MR. CHANCELLOR. So you're really putting together a package of aid for Pakistan.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Some people call
it a consortium. I don't want to predict
at this point what other nations might do,
because the evolution of this so-called
consortium is still in the embryonic stage,
but we want to accommodate Pakistan's
needs. And obviously, with our complete
absence, some of the regional countries
are obviously consulting with one another
and will help themselves individually.
FOREIGN MILITARY FACILITIES
MR. CHANCELLOR. Somalia, Oman,
and Kenya have offered us the use of
naval and air facilities. Will the United
States accept any of those offers?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we're considering
the use of some of those facilities. We
don't have any definite agreement yet,
but that's the kind of thing that I think is
important to our Nation to prepare for
the long-range meeting of any threat to
the peace in the Mideast-Persian Gulfnorthern Indian Ocean area.
SOVIET UNION
MR. CHANCELLOR. Mr. President, as a
journalist it sometimes seems to me as
though the Soviet Union, which will become a net importer of petroleum during
the 1980's, is really going for the Persian
Gulf. They're trying to control that part
of the world. Is that your view?
THE PRESIDENT. I think that's one of
the factors that we believe is extant. No
one can know what the Soviets' plans
might be, but I think we've got to be prepared for that eventuality, and the best
way to prepare for it is to prevent its occurrence. The arousing of world opinion
to recognize the threat that the Soviets
project to that area of the world is an
important first step, particularly the marshaling of common condemnation of the
Soviets for what they've already done.
35
Jan. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The strengthening of countries in the area
that might be threatened, so that they can
repel any potential invasion, is another
very important element. And I think the
third thing is to make sure that our own
country realizes that we've got a longrange commitment to be made and that
the responsibility and the sacrifice economically to prepare for it must be shared
by all of us.
One of the important elements involved
in the question you asked is the Soviets'
need to produce more of their oil and gas.
High technology is an element of that.
And the punitive aspects of a partial trade
embargo against the Soviet Union for
those very valuable items is a cautionary
message to the Soviet Union that I think
they are perfectly able to read and must
read.
SITUATION IN IRAN
MR. CHANCELLOR. Could I ask you
about Iran, sir, and where we stand now
in terms of the hostages?
THE PRESIDENT. We've always had a
few basic principles to guide me since I've
been involved in meeting this absolutely
illegal and abhorrent act. One is to protect the long-range interests of our country; secondly, to protect the lives and the
well-being of the hostages; third, to seek
their release; fourth, to avoid bloodshed
if possible, but still to protect our interests
if necessary; and lastly, to make sure that
a strong majority of the nations of the
world understand that Iran is a criminal
actor in this process and that we are the
aggrieved party, and to keep world support for our position.
We've had four votes in the United
Nations Security Council. We've not
had a negative vote yet; we've only had
four abstentions. When we took our case
to the International Court of Justice, the
vote was 15 to nothing in favor of our
position.
And I think that Iran must realizethere are some responsible people in
Iran-and the world must realize that
Iran is at this moment involved in a criminal act, a terrorist act. And it's not a matter of negotiating on a diplomatic basis
between two nations. This is a matter of
condemning Iran for international terrorism and for kidnaping. And I think
those purposes that I've described are and
will be our basic principles until those
hostages are home safe.
MR. CHANCELLOR. If some Americans
are put on trial in "show trials," what
would your reaction be to that?
THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not
give specifics, but we are prepared to take
action that would be quite serious in its
consequences for Iran.
MR. CHANCELLOR. And I can't draw
any further details on that out of you today, sir?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think it
would be good to go into details.
NOTE: The interview began at 4:10 p.m. in the
Oval Office at the White House. NBC News
broadcast portions of the interview during the
week.
Floodplain Management
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting a
Report. January 8, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
I have the pleasure to transmit and
commend to the Congress "A Unified
National Program for Floodplain Management." This report, prepared by the
Water Resources Council, sets forth a program for managing the Nation's floodplains. The need for a comprehensive and
36
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 8
coordinated management program is
underscored by recent disastrous floods
and the continued degradation of wetlands and other valuable floodplain
environments.
I support the approach set out in the
conceptual framework and the recommended Federal and State actions and I
am confident that Federal, State and local
governments working together within this
framework can ensure the wise use and
management of the Nation's floodplains.
I am asking the Council to make the report available to all levels of government
and to the public at large. By Executive
Order, I have already directed the agencies of the Executive Branch to take action
to implement the Federal role in a unified program for floodplain management.
As the program develops, I will make further recommendations for Federal action
to help State and local governments carry
out their key roles.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and to Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
Committee for Purchase From
the Blind and Other
Severely Handicapped
Appointment of Three Members.
January 8, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of three persons as members of
the Committee for Purchase from the
Blind and Other Severely Handicapped.
They are:
BRIG. GEN. JOSEPH H. CONNOLLY, Director of
Contracting and Acquisition Policy in the
Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Research,
Development and Acquisition, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.;
GERALD M. FARKAS, Regional Director of
the U.S. Bureau of Prisons for the Northeast
Region;
BRIG. GEN. FRANCIS J. TONER, Director of
Transportation, Energy and Troop Support
in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for
Logistics, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C.
Federal Election Campaign Act
Amendments of 1979
Statement on Signing H.R. 5010 Into Law.
January 8, 1980
I have today signed H.R. 5010, the Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments
of 1979. This measure significantly improves the Federal Election Campaign Act
by eliminating Burdensome regulation of
candidates and political committees and
by increasing the opportunity for grassroots political participation.
I supported proposals contained in this
legislation in the message I sent to Congress on March 22, 1977, and our electoral
process will benefit greatly from the important reforms this bill contains. Congressmen Frank Thompson, Jr., and Bill
Frenzel and Senators Claiborne Pell and
Mark O. Hatfield are to be congratulated
on their outstanding leadership in helping
pass it.
Despite the major improvements this
measure will bring to the law which
governs Federal elections, there are some
serious problems with this bill. H.R. 5010
would reduce patronage abuse protection
of Federal employees with respect to State
and local campaigns, although it would
continue to provide full protection for
Federal campaigns.
Even more disturbing is the severe infringement of Federal employees' first
amendment rights that is caused by.section 201 (a) (4) of H.R. 5010. Under pres
37
Jan. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ent law a person in Government service
is permitted to make voluntary campaign
contributions to the authorized campaign
committee of any candidate for elective
office in the Federal system. This is a protected freedom that all citizens enjoy, and
it is of vital importance.
Section 201 (a) (4) would restrict that
right significantly by undermining the
ability of persons in Federal service to
make even totally voluntary contributions
to the campaigns of their employing authority. This is an unacceptable and unwise intrusion upon their rights under the
first amendment, and the Attorney General has advised me that it raises grave
constitutional concerns.
To the extent that section 201 (a) (4)
prohibits the solicitation of Government
employees by or on behalf of other Federal
officials, including their "employing
authority," this is already prohibited by
existing law, and section 201 (a) (4) is unnecessary. It should therefore be promptly
repealed or amended so as to remove its
chilling effect on the rights of citizens to
make voluntary contributions to the candidates of their choice.
I am pleased that Congressmen
Thompson and Frenzel and Senators Pell
and Hatfield have pledged to work toward
this end in letters they sent me today. I
urge Congress to act with dispatch so that
the first amendment rights of Federal employees are not unduly jeopardized.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 5010 is Public Law
96-187, approved January 8.
Situation in Iran and Soviet
Invasion of Afghanistan
Remarks at a White House Briefing for
Members of Congress. January 8, 1980
Well, first of all let me say that I'm
very glad to have such an extraordinary
turnout tonight. When I was talking to
the Speaker a few minutes ago, somebody
said that this may be the Members of Congress who couldn't go home to their district-[laughter]-because of unpopularity or either the Defense Department has
run out of airplanes-one or the other.
[Laughter]
Tonight I'd like to take a few minutes
to explain to you two basic and serious
problems that we've now been addressing,
one of them since the 4th of November,
the other one, just Christmas Eve.
I don't recall in history a time, at least
in modern history, when our Nation was
at peace that it was so deeply concerned
as it has been the last 2 months since
American hostages were kidnaped in our
own Embassy in Tehran on November 4.
I need not go into the details on that incident, because you're thoroughly familiar
with it. But I will outline very quickly the
basic principles that have guided me the
last 2 months, and then at the end of my
brief comments, I'll be glad to have questions from any of you.
This has not been a good 2 months.
It's been a time of strain and trial. It's
been a time of intimate negotiations with
many foreign leaders, trying to accomplish
the basic goals that we have followed since
the beginning of this confrontation with
the terrorists or kidnapers in Tehran.
Our first commitment has been to protect the interests of our Nation, the longrun, long-range interests; secondly, to do
what we can to ensure the lives and the
safety of the American hostages, our 50
fellow countrymen; third, to secure
through diplomatic means, using every
possible channel, their release-unharmed, if God be willing; fourth, to avoid
bloodshed, which would very likely lead
to the death of our hostages; and fifth and
most difficult, to maintain support for the
American position by the vast majority of
nations on Earth. This has not been an
38
11
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 8
easy last task, because historically in the
United Nations and other international
fora, our country has not been a favorite,
because we are powerful and a super
power and because there is jealousy and
animosity at times and distrust toward
us.
We've now had four votes in the Security Council, as you know. We've not yet
experienced a negative vote. On the last
vote to set a deadline for the imposition of
sanctions and to call for the SecretaryGeneral's trip to Iran, there were four
abstentions-the Soviet Union and their
puppet, Czechoslovakia, and two small
Moslem nations, Bangladesh and Kuwait.
The other 11 nations voted to send the
Secretary-General to Iran for a last effort
to negotiate the release of the hostages,
at the end of which time the Security
Council would come back and take action
on possible economic sanctions.
In the International Court of Justice,
the vote was 15 to 0, unanimous vote.
So far then, we have accomplished all
the goals that we set for ourselves except
the release of the hostages, and we are still
exploring every possible avenue for that
release.
The most difficult part of the Iranian
question is that there's no government entity with whom we can communicate or
negotiate or register a complaint or a request. When the Secretary-General went
over to Iran, he came back and reported
the same thing that we had already
known, and that is that the most powerful
single political entity in Iran consists of
the international terrorists or the kidnapers who are holding our hostages. Whenever there has been a showdown concerning the hostages between Khomeini or the
Revolutionary Council versus the terrorists, the terrorists have always prevailed.
We don't know what will happen in the
future, but I think you possibly recognize
that this small group of people-who may
originally have comprised some students,
but who are not students and should not
be referred to as students-have achieved,
with the holding of American hostages, a
great and significant political influence in
Iran. They don't necessarily have as one
of their prime interests the integrity of
Iran as a nation or the well-being of the
Iranian people or even the security of the
country within which they live. And so
there is no legitimate political bargaining
leverage that can be exerted on them, and
there is no entity there with whom one
can negotiate.
They know that the consequences to
Iran will be quite severe if our hostages
are injured or killed, and I think only the
presence of a very strong military force in
the Arabian Sea has deterred them so far
from taking action that would have been
even more abhorrent to the rest of the
world. That problem persists. It's an everpresent consideration of mine and yours.
And I'm determined that this country
will not forget for a moment those hostages. And the last hostage there is just as
important to me as the first one.
Our country is remarkably unified. I've
had strong support, which I deeply appreciate, and the American people have been
surprisingly patient, which, as you know,
is not a characteristic of Americans. But
I think most people who've studied the
situation, who've looked at the map,
who've seen where the Embassy is located
within Tehran, can see that a strike force
or a military action that might be oriented
toward the release of the hostages would
almost certainly end in failure and almost
certainly end in the death of the hostages.
They are being held in small groups,
two or perhaps three in a group, with
heavily armed militants constantly guarding them and the hostages constantly being tied, with their hands bound at all
times.
39
Jan. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We'll continue to persist. Our next step
will be in the United Nations to have sanctions imposed against Iran. I cannot predict to you that the imposition of those
sanctions, if we get the nine requisite
votes, will cause an early release of the
hostages. We pray that something will
happen and that eventually Iran will
recognize that the threat to them is not
from the United States, but even more
vividly from the Soviet Union, who have,
on Christmas Eve, invaded Afghanistan.
In my own opinion, shared by many of
the world's leaders with whom I have
discussed this matter, the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan is the greatest threat to
peace since the Second World War. It's
a sharp escalation in the aggressive history
of the Soviet Union.
Obviously, we all were shocked and
deplored publicly and officially the Soviet
action in Hungary and then later, in 1968,
in Czechoslovakia. Those were two countries which, since the Second World War,
were basically subservient to the Soviet
Union; they were not independent nations in control of their own affairs. There
was an uprising, as you know, and the Soviets brutally stamped the uprising out
within those two countries.
This, however, was a sovereign nation,
a nonaligned nation, a deeply religious nation, and the Soviets invaded it brutally.
We were informed, other leaders
throughout the world were informed, by
Soviet Ambassadors and direct messages
from Moscow, that the Soviets went into
the nation to protect it from some third
force that might be threatening Afghanistan. When questioned about where was
the third threatening force from, the Soviets have never been able to give a reasonable answer. They claim that they were
invited in by the Government to protect
Afghanistan. As you know, the leader of
Afghanistan, President Amin, who was
supposed to have invited them in, was immediately assassinated as soon as the Soviets obtained control over Kabul, the
capital city, and several of the members
of the President's family were also killed.
We are the other super power on Earth,
and it became my responsibility, representing our great Nation, to take action that
would prevent the Soviets from this invasion with impunity. The Soviets had to
suffer the consequences. In my judgment
our own Nation's security was directly
threatened. There is no doubt that the
Soviets' move into Afghanistan, if done
without adverse consequences, would have
resulted in the temptation to move again
and again until they reached warm water
ports or until they acquired control over a
major portion of the world's oil supplies.
I talked to the President of Pakistan
immediately after this Afghanistan invasion and also talked to many other of the
world's leaders and sent them direct messages. The action that we could take was
confined to three opportunities. One is to
take military action, which I did not consider appropriate. Our country has no desire, nor could we have effectively implemented military action, to drive the Soviet
forces from Afghanistan-which left me
with two other options, which I chose to
exercise. One is political action, and the
other one is economic action.
Politically, we joined with 50 other nations to take to the Security Council two
propositions: one, to condemn the Soviet
Union for the invasion and therefore the
threat to world peace; and secondly, to
call upon the Soviets to withdraw their
troops. The vote was cast after the debates
were concluded. The only nations voting
against these two propositions were East
Germany-again, a Soviet puppet nation-and the Soviets themselves. The
permanent members, as you know, have a
veto right. And now a move is underway,
40
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 8
which I think will be realized, to take this
case to the General Assembly for further
condemnation of the Soviet Union.
It's difficult to understand why the
Soviets took this action. I think they probably underestimated the adverse reaction
from around the world. I've talked to
many other leaders, our allies and those
representing nations that might be further
threatened, and they all believe that we
took the right action. It was not done for
political reasons; it was not done to implement some foreign policy. It was done in
the interest of our national security.
We did take economic action, which I
think was properly balanced. It was carefully considered. We will try to impose this
action on the Soviet Union in a way that
will have a minimal adverse effect on our
own country, where the sacrifices will be
shared as equitably as you and I together
can possibly devise, and at the same time
let the Soviets realize the consequences of
their invasion.
We will not permit the Soviets to fish
in American waters within 200 miles of
our land area. They have a very large fishing fleet, involving hundreds of thousands
of tons of fish harvested. They will not
have those permits renewed.
We will not send high technology equipment to the Soviet Union or any equipment that might have a security benefit to
the Soviet Union. This will include drilling equipment, for instance, used for the
exploration and production of oil and
natural gas.
We will restrict severely normal commerce with the Soviet Union, which is
highly advantageous to them. And of
course, I have interrupted the delivery of
grain, which the Soviets had ordered,
above and beyond the 8 million tons which
our Nation is bound by a 5-year agreement
to have delivered to the Soviet Union.
We have taken steps to make sure that
the farmers are protected from the adverse consequences of this interruption of
grain shipments to a maximum degree
possible. It will be a costly proposition. I
understood this when I took the action.
And my estimate is, based on a fairly
thorough, but somewhat rapid analysis,
that this year the extra cost to purchase
this grain and to change the price levels
of corn and wheat and to pay the extra
storage charges will amount to about $2
billion. That's in fiscal year 1980. In fiscal
year 1981 there will be an additional cost
of about $800 million.
It may be that as the season progresses
and we have more experience in substituting for the Soviet Union as the purchaser of this grain, that there will be an
additional 2 or 3 hundred million dollars
spent in 1980. If this should take place,
then that would reduce by the same
amount, roughly, expenditures in 1981
fiscal year. So, the total cost will be in the
neighborhood of $2.8 billion. This cost
will not fall on the farmers except to the
extent that they are taxpayers like every
other American. This will be shared by all
those in this country who pay taxes to the
Federal Government.
This grain will not be permitted to go
back on the market in such a way as to
depress agricultural prices. And in a few
minutes I'll let one of the representatives
here of the Agriculture Department, Jim
Williams, outline to you the details. And I
have a sheet prepared, for handing out to
all of you-the exact loan prices for wheat
and corn and the other prices for the redemption of corn and wheat from storage.
The last point I want to make is this:
It's very important that we understand
that our allies are working very closely
with us. I talked to several of them before
we took this action. All of them agreed
that it should be taken. We've got the
maximum practical assurance from them
41
Jan. 8
Jan. 8Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980
that they will not substitute their sale of
goods, including grain, for our own. There
are three major nations that ordinarily
have grain to export-Argentina, Canada,
and Australia. Argentina does not have
adequate grain to make any significant
difference.
I talked to President Giscard d'Estaing
today, who represents West Europe. They
do have substantial quantities of grain
ordinarily on hand, particularly barley.
They will not substitute their grain for
ours that's being withheld from the Soviet Union.
We anticipate that this withholding of
grain to the Soviet Union will not force
them to withdraw their troops from
Afghanistan. We understood this from the
beginning. We don't think that economic
pressure or even condemnation by the
United Nations of the Soviet Union will
cause them to withdraw their troops. But
we hope that we have laid down a marker
and let them know that they will indeed
suffer, now and in the future, from this
unwarranted invasion of a formerly independent, nonaligned country.
I need the support of the American
people. I believe that it's a matter of
patriotism, and I believe that it's a matter
of protecting our Nation's security. I anticipate that we'll get good response from
the Congress in the minimal legislation
that might be required to carry out these
programs. Almost all of it can be done
by administrative action under the rights
given by the Congress, through legislation,
to the Secretary of Agriculture and to me.
There are just a couple of other things
that perhaps should be mentioned, but I
think I'll wait on them till a little later.
We want to pursue a long-range analysis
and a schedule of actions to strengthen
American interests and presence and influence in this troubled area of the world, in
Southwest Asia. You know about some of
these from news reports that have already
been issued.
And we will take action, with the Congress help, to strengthen Pakistan. Our
desire is to do this through a consortium
of nations; that's also the desire of Pakistan. I talked since lunch with President
Zia of that country. I've talked to him before about this matter.
And other nations in the region who
might be threatened by the Soviets, from
Afghanistan, will also know that we and
many other nations on Earth are committed to their adequate defense capability, so that the Soviets will be discouraged
from further expansionism in the area.
Because of the Iranian question, we
have greatly built up our naval forces in
the northern China Sea or in the Arabian
Sea. Those will be maintained at a higher
level than they have been in the past. And
as you know, there has been a marshaling
of worldwide public opinion, not only in
the condemnation of the Iranian terrorists
who hold our hostages but also against
the Soviet Union for their unprecedented
invasion of Afghanistan in this recent few
weeks.
I don't have a written text, but those
are some of the things that I wanted to
describe to you. And I think it might be
good to have questions from this group
now. Perhaps some of the-a few members of the press have been in. Perhaps
we could discuss the matter more thoroughly and we could get into some sensitive areas after the press has departed.
NOTE: The President spoke at 7:02 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
42
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 9
Exports of High Technology
and Other Strategic Items
to the Soviet Union
Memorandums From the President.
January 8, 1980
Memorandum for the Secretary of
Commerce
Subject: Policy on Technology Transfers
to the USSR
I direct that you, in consultation with
the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate officials, review and revise our policy with respect to the export of high technology and other strategic items to the
Soviet Union. Pending review, no validated export licenses for shipment of
goods or technical data to the Soviet
Union are to be approved. This review
is to reassess what exports will make a significant contribution to the military potential of the Soviet Union and therefore
prove detrimental to the security of the
United States in light of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.
In addition, I direct that you immediately review those transactions for which
validated licenses have already been issued
but export has not occurred to determine
whether any such licenses should be suspended or revoked in light of the changed
national security circumstances.
Finally, I direct that you, in consultation with the Secretary of State and other
appropriate officials, determine whether
certain transactions now under general
license requirements should be subject to
validated license requirements.
JIMMY CARTER
Memorandum for the Secretary of State,
the Secretary of Defense
Subject: Policy on Technology Transfers
to the USSR
I have directed the Secretary of Commerce to review and revise our policy with
respect to the export of high technology
and other strategic items to the Soviet
Union. This review is to reassess what exports will make a significant contribution
to the military potential of the Soviet
Union and therefore prove detrimental to
the security of the United States in light
of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.
Our COCOM partners should be consulted on this review, which will reexamine precedents established in the past
for COCOM exceptions, in order to
secure their cooperation. These consultations should make clear that the basis for
review and revision is the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan which has changed
the nature of the potential danger to our
common military security.
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: The memorandums were announced on
January 9.
Department of Commerce
Remarks at the Swearing In of Philip M.
Klutznick as Secretary and Luther H.
Hodges, Jr., as Deputy Secretary.
January 9, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe anyone
is in this room who doesn't recognize the
strength of our Nation in every possible
measurement and also recognize that human freedom is the root of our strength.
Since the original days of our country's
foundation, innovation, competence, cooperation, competition have been the
motivating forces which have let human
expression be realized in social and economic and political advancement.
43
Jan. 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Obviously, a free political system is important, but a free and competitive economic structure is also an integral part of
our society and also equally important.
Our free enterprise system works. In its
multitude of facets, it comprises a mechanism by which we can have a better life
than the one we inherited from our parents, and we can leave the prospects for
realization of a better life for our children
and our grandchildren.
Our Commerce Department is the
epitome of Government interrelationship
with the free enterprise system. It's been
designed carefully not to interfere, but to
cooperate with the free enterprise system
of our country, not to take advantage of
other aspects of society, but to strengthen
other elements of America and let other
elements' strength be realized.
It's important to realize that we are
changing very rapidly. I believe that there
is a general consensus among American
leaders that the Federal Government role
should be minimal in its impact upon human life and business life of our Nation;
designed to sustain, to encourage the elements of freedom, not to interfere with
those vital aspects of innovation and human right to make one's own decision.
We've moved to minimize Government
regulation, to simplify Government procedures, to increase consultation with the
private sector of our Nation, to deal with
deprivation and discrimination through
the private business system, to get sound
advice and counsel and constructive
criticism from the leaders of our business
community. As we've done these kinds of
things, I believe that in the last 3 years
the Commerce Department has been
greatly strengthened. And those of you
who've studied the organizational charts
of our Federal Government know that the
breadth of responsibilities for a Secretary
of Commerce is indeed very wide.
We've made some progress. We still
have a long way to go in equity of opportunity and in the mutual sharing of the
benefits of our great country.
I'm very proud this afternoon to participate in the swearing-in ceremony of
two fine men, who will be leading a restructured and strengthened Department
of Commerce.
Phil Klutznick has a distinguished record of public service well known to many
of you. He has served our Nation under
six different Presidents, a man who's
still young in every measurement of human life, still innovative, still dynamic,
still aggressive, still filled with the wonder of life, still determined to stretch his
mind and his heart to encompass new
friends, new ideas, new knowledge of
God's world.
He's been well known for his own business accomplishments. He's also been
especially well known for sharing those
accomplishments and his experience and
his abilities for the benefit of others.
Benevolence, unselfishness, altruism, is an
integral part of his life. Not only in business and commerce and government but
also in his deep religious conviction has he
been able to exemplify these admirable
characteristics.
He knows business from top to bottom,
or I should say bottom to top. He was
born in a room above his family's store.
He now lives in a penthouse-[laughter]above the headquarters for a giant business complex. And I think we should be
careful about making fun of one's dwelling-[laughter]-because I have no apol
44
W
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 9
ogies to make for the quality of my own
quarters here. [Laughter]
But we are indeed grateful that Phil
Klutznick would accept my request to
serve as the Secretary of Commerce. It's a
sacrifice on his part, but it's a sacrifice
typical of him and a sacrifice from which
every American will benefit.
And now we will have Abner Mikva, a
distinguished judge in the Circuit Court
of Appeals, administer the oath of office to
Phil Klutznick, following which Phil will
say a few words to the group.
[At this point, Judge Mikva administered the
oath of office.]
SECRETARY KLUTZNICK. Thank you
very much. Mr. President, I hope these
people feel the same after I have issued a
few orders.
Mr. President, I want to thank you for
the many nice and extravagant things you
have said about me and the height to
which I have risen, to the 72d floor of the
Water Tower. I want to thank you for the
confidence that you've imposed in me.
I am reminded, and in a sense your life
reminds me, of a saying from among the
sages that man is born anew each day, and
except for the timespan I feel that I get
reborn each day since I came to Washington.
There's another observation that you've
made that I must translate into words, I
believe, of the essayist Emerson, when he
said that you can have eternal youth or
repose. You can't have them both. Now,
since I've been in Washington, it's quite
clear I will not have repose. So, I am
grateful to you, sir, that I have eternal
youth. [Laughter]
I should like to make, if you will forgive
me, Mr. President, a couple of observations that are not altogether in keeping
with the injunction that I've heard, that
you must not praise or utter all of the
praise of a man in his presence. But since
I've been here unofficially, I've had the
privilege of living through two critical
situations, and I hope they end soon, under your leadership. And I believe it's
time that some of us repeat and repeat
again that a President of the United States
who says publicly and has said privately
that to him, among the 50 hostages that
are in Iran, the life and good health of the
last is as important as the first and who
recognizes, in his foreign policy and in his
leadership of this country, the sanctity of
life deserves not only the applause of the
Nation but deserves to be honored by those
of us who work under his leadership.
Secondly, Mr. President, I know I'm
supposed to speak briefly, but I get very
few opportunities to speak when you're
around. [Laughter]
Some of us have had a lack of repose the
last few days. The decisions that have
been made under your leadership are
painful and excruciating to a man of
peace, and yet you've elected to use every
arm of peace in what is one of the greatest
challenges to our country since World
War II. The firmness of your position,
your selection of the options, I am sure,
will make my children and grandchildren,
who are here, proud of the pages of history
that will accord you what you're entitled
to-the accolade of leadership that is not
bellicose, that is firm, that understands its
way, and that seeks to preserve the important, but fragile fabric of peace in the
world.
I hope, Mr. President, that we in the
Department of Commerce will be able to
demonstrate our ability in the very treacherous economic waters through which we
pass with the same sense of devotion to
duty, the same commitment to achieve
45
Jan. 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ment, the same quiet determination that
will bring to reality your enunciated doctrine that government and the private sector owe it to each other to work in commonality and to the best of our respective
abilities to correct the creaks and the pains
of our economy which inevitably appear
now and then.
I thank you, sir. I'm grateful for this
opportunity.
THE PRESIDENT. I pointed out that Secretary Klutznick was experienced, competent, dedicated, benevolent, altruistic. I
forgot to mention that he's also prolific.
[Laughter]
And I would like to ask all of Phil's
family to stand. Would everybody in here
who's related to Phil stand, please?
Well, he's got a great' family, and I
think this bodes well for our country, because the stability and the interrelationship among family members is one of the
best experiences and teachers of a person
who serves in public office. It also provides
a proper degree of modesty when one has
to deal with family problems as well as
those in government. [Laughter]
Speaking of family, our Deputy Secretary of Commerce is a son of a former distinguished Secretary of Commerce, Luther
Hodges. Luther is a young man whose
record of public service and whose insight
into the banking and business community
of our Nation is indeed a great asset,
which has been extremely helpful to me,
the former Secretary of Commerce,
Juanita Kreps, and to our entire country.
Luther is a progressive business leader
in the finest sense of the word. He's from
North Carolina, as you know. When I was
considering asking Luther to come to
Washington and work with me, I called
several people in the Southeast to ask them
if he would be a good person to bring.
Several of the ones whom I called were
his banking competitors, and they said,
"Mr. President, the best thing you could
do for us"-[laughter]-"is to get Luther
Hodges out of the banking business in the
Southeast."
He is an intense, but quiet competitor,
successful in every sense of the word. And
his success in the banking business is because he understands people, and he understands the needs of our country, and
he knows how to match what can be accomplished by leadership with the needs
that he has identified through his own personal sensitivity.
He's an expert on productivity; on enhancing employment; on the development
of communities, both rural and urban
communities; on manpower training; on
regional development; on the proper interrelationship under our system of federalism, so that there can be a sharing of
responsibility, not only between the free
enterprise system and government but between or among local, State, and Federal
Government leaders with private citizens
of our country.
He's extremely interested in alleviating
the remaining vestiges of racial discrimination, and he has worked in a yeoman's
way to provide opportunities for those
who, for too long in our country, have suffered because of the lack of equal opportunity in the greatest nation on Earth.
I'm very grateful for Luther and for
Phil. They will make a good team to serve
you and to work with me. As a matter of
fact, all of us in this room and all Amer
46
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 9
icans are partners in making our country
even greater than it is. We do face difficult
challenges; we can overcome them. We
face difficult problems; we can solve them.
We face difficult questions, and we can
answer them. And I'm very glad that we
have Secretary of Commerce Klutznick
and Deputy Secretary Luther Hodges, Jr.,
to work with me.
And now Justice Branch, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, will administer the oath of office to
Luther Hodges, Jr., the first Deputy Secretary of Commerce in our Nation's
history.
[At this point, Chief Justice Branch administered the oath of office.]
DEPUTY SECRETARY HODGES. Thank
you. Mr. President, Mr. Vice President,
it's an honor to serve you, and I thank you,
Mr. President, for your very kind words.
Mr. Klutznick, it's a privilege to serve
with you and our very able and professional associates at the Department of
Commerce, and I look forward to a very
long and lasting relationship.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for
being here. Governor Harriman, I must
say that Secretary Klutznick enjoys your
portrait in his office. And I have the portrait of another Mr. Hodges in my office.
And it is truly inspiring and motivating
and it's an honor to have you here, sir,
along with so many distinguished people
and so many very close and wonderful
friends. I thank you.
The Department of Commerce has a
great deal to accomplish and to contribute.
I happen to repeatedly have said that the
issues of the day are economic, and if that
is the case, then the Department of Com
merce should indeed be the focal point for
Government programs to strengthen our
economy. Especially in the area of international trade, Mr. President, which you
had the foresight to address in your administration, the Department of Commerce has been reorganized and enhanced, and we have much to do.
But I can't say that we should be talking about exporting and international
trade if we don't also or first rebuild our
economy domestically, make our economy
more productive and more competitive.
We cannot export if we are not so competitive, and that's what the Economic
Development Administration or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or our Department of Science
and Technology, in its efforts in industrial
innovation, our minority business efforts,
the Maritime Administration, telecommunications, and on and on. But it does
little good to make all those domestic
efforts if we do not realize, as a people,
the complexity and the competitiveness
and the interdependency of the world
economy, and there's a new international
dimension to our lives and to our future.
Mr. President, scattered among Mr.
Klutznick's children-family, I should
say-are a few folks from North Carolina.
[Laughter] There may even be a Republican or two. But I confess that by and
large they're good folks-[laughter]-and
I'm glad to see them. And they are for
you and are here because they are interested in effective government, and they
support you, along with the majority of
Americans, on the premise that the best
politics are moderate and intelligent.
Many, indeed, heard me on the eve of
May 30, 1978, when I happen to have
47
Jan. 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
said that there was little political appeal
in being moderate and intelligent in approaching very complex issues, but I happen to believe, as you do, that that's the
only way.
All of us here recognize the challenges
that you face and the truly great job that
you're doing, and we are grateful. And I
say that not because of the events of the
last few weeks, of the last few months, and
the trying times that you have had most
recently, but really for the 3 years of your
administration during which, I think, the
business community has benefited more
than under any other administration with
which I am familiar.
I think it is the Department of Commerce's responsibility to communicate to
the American people the real facts about
our economy and about what you have
done for the business community. There
are a lot of good people, not just from
Illinois and North Carolina, who know
that.
I'm proud to be helping you and proud
to be serving you and working with
Mr. Klutznick. And I thank you and all of
you wonderful people for being here.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. I'm going to ask
Luther and Phil to go with me, and they'll
be standing outside the door. And I know
that you will all want to come by and
shake hands and either congratulate
them or offer your condolences to them as
they assume these major responsibilities.
[Laughter] They are two fine men, and
I'm very grateful to them for being willing to serve.
Thank you very much, everyone.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:40 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Department of Commerce
Designation of Abraham Katz as Assistant
Secretary for International Economic Policy.
January 9, 1980
The President today announced that he
has designated Abraham Katz, of Hollywood, Fla., as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Economic Policy,
a new position. Under Reorganization
Plan No. 3 of 1979, the President may
designate someone to fill this position for
up to 60 days, pending nomination and
confirmation by the Senate of a permanent appointee. The President intends to
nominate Katz for this position.
Katz has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for International Economic Policy and Research and Director
of the Bureau of International Economic
Policy since 1978.
He was born December 4, 1926, in
Brooklyn, N.Y. He received a B.A. from
Brooklyn College in 1948, an M.I.A. from
Columbia University in 1950, and a
Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1968.
Katz joined the Foreign Service in 1950
and was posted at the State Department
and in Mexico. He took Russian language
training at the Foreign Service Institute
and graduate studies in Soviet affairs at
Harvard University. From 1957 to 1959,
he was Chief of the Foreign Economic
Section, Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
Division, at the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence Research.
From 1959 to 1964, Katz was First Secretary of the U.S. Mission to NATO and
European Regional Organizations. From
1964 to 1966, he was Counselor for Economic Affairs at the American Embassy
in Moscow. In 1966-67 he was a fellow
at Harvard's Center for International
Affairs.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. I10
From 1967 to 1974, Katz was Director
of the Office of OECD, European Communities and Atlantic Political-Economic
Affairs at the State Department. From
1974 to 1978, he was Deputy Chief of the
U.S. Mission to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) in Paris.
Energy Conservation
Remarks at a White House Briefing for
Religious Leaders. January 10, 1980
The last 2 months have not been happy
days for our Nation. It's been a sobering
experience for every American, a trying
experience for some of us, a sacrificial
time for American hostages held by kidnapers in Tehran, but a time of unity and,
I think, a time of deep commitment, a
time of reassessment of basic concepts and
ideas.
No one knows the ultimate outcome of
these challenges that we must face, these
difficult questions that we must answer.
But throughout a time of trial and tribulation, of testing, questioning, Americans
have always turned to basic unchanging
principles, moral beliefs, deep religious
convictions, and they have turned to God
for guidance in managing the secular
challenges which confront us. It may be
a time of cleansing for us; it may be a
time of recommitment to basic ideas that
are important, but which we sometimes
forget.
This morning I'm not going to go into
details about our energy program or legislation pending before the Congress.
Charlie Duncan can handle that better
than I, and he'll be available after I speak,
briefly, to answer your questions so long
as you desire to stay here and pose them to
him.
When I was at Camp David last July,
I had a group of people who are very important to me come and see me from one
day to another, to give me advice on what
our Nation should do with this pending
crisis and, at that time, an existing serious
challenge-one of the groups was comprised of some of you-a quiet, meditative
period of intense, unrestrained, frank discussion of the moral and ethical and religious principles that were involved in
meeting the crisis of energy.
It might seem strange to some, not to
you, that the conservation of oil has a religious connotation. But when God created
the Earth and gave human beings dominion over it, it was with the understanding
on the part of us, then and down through
the generations, that we are indeed stewards under God's guidance, to protect not
only those who are fortunate enough to
grasp an advantage or a temporary material blessing or enjoyment but to husband
those bases for enjoyment and for a quality of life for those less fortunate in our
own generation and especially for those
who will come after us.
Our country is comprised of profligate
wasters of the Earth's precious resources,
not because of an innate selfishness, but
because we've been overly endowed by
God with those material blessings. We've
seldom experienced limits on our lives because of a withholding of the production
of food or fiber or building materials or
energy itself. Access to warm oceans, wonderful climates, rich land-God has given
us these things. But lately in the last few
years, or particularly the last few months,
we've begun to see that we not only have
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
a responsibility to now and future Americans but also to those who live on Earth
now and will live in the future.
No one could anticipate the broad use
of petroleum products. A few generations
ago it was looked upon as a rapidly expendable, but inexhaustible supply of just
fuel, to burn, to make heat. Petroleum
products now are used to make food, to
make medicine, and for other uses that
directly affect the quality of life of human
beings, in addition to 'the burning of the
fuel for heat or propulsion.
We have seen also the interrelationship
between energy supplies and peace, between energy supplies and life or death,
between energy supplies and the protection of religious beliefs. The right of people to be free is directly tied to adequate
supply of energy in a modern, fast-changing, technological world.
I'm not a theologian; I don't understand all of the relationships between
these subjects. But I'm particularly grateful that you, as religious leaders, have
come to the White House to explore not
only the theoretical, theological aspects
of stewardship and conservation but also,
in more depth, how you as religious leaders, and others like you in every church
and synagogue throughout our country,
might explore even further the aspects of
living in accordance with God's world, to
promote the concepts of peace and freedom and unselfishness and humility and
responsibility for the well-being of others.
I'm determined that our Nation will be
strong. I'm determined that our Nation
will stay free. I'm determined that our
Nation will hold high the banner of human rights for ourselves and for others.
And I'm determined that the American
people, as best we can, will be educated
about these interrelationships that are so
important to us all. You can help greatly
with this concept, because still, in our
blessed land, many people cannot accept
easily the concept of material limits.
There are only two ways to resolve the
energy problem in the foreseeable future.
One is to produce more energy in our own
country, preferably with replenishable
supplies, where the origin is the Sun and
where, through growing crops or flowing
water or the prevailing winds, we might
derive energy without a limit on time. Another, of course, is to produce more energy
that is not replenishable, from petroleum
products.
So, the production of more energy is
one basic approach, and there is only one
other. That's the conservation of energy in
all forms, the elimination of waste. And
along with that and tied closely to it, of
course, is the better sharing of energy
among all of us for the well-being of our
country and the individuals who live here.
I don't think that either one of these
programs or concepts or commitments
need cause a deterioration in the quality
of life of our people. It's not a sacrifice to
eliminate waste. It can be a blessing, not
necessarily in disguise, to eliminate a dependence of one person riding in a very
heavy, very expensive, very wasteful vehicle. It's not a contributing factor to a
quality of life to have a home that requires
twice as much energy to heat it as is necessary or to have little clothing worn in a
home when a few degrees of temperature
lower and a sweater could let us realize
that there is a change of season outside,
that God's plan is still working on an annual basis-[laughter]-when we ourselves need not suffer material discomfort.
And I think the drawing together of
families to discuss this challenge, which is
becoming ever more important in the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 10
minds of human beings, to discuss how
we would meet this in our own personal
lives, can be a coalescing factor, to
strengthen the family ties, and therefore
the communities, and therefore to preserve
the basic elements of the American
character.
I think we will turn more to the simple
things of life-quiet discussions at home;
the sharing of experiences; a walk in the
woods; a look at God's Earth; and the
elimination, or at least a lowering, of the
frantic dash from one place to another,
where we lose sight of what we are seeking
at the end of that trip or that dash, where
our senses are pretty well desensitized, as
we move through the beauties that God
has given us.
I'm not trying to preach a sermon to
you, but I am very deeply concerned about
how Americans look upon resolving the
energy question. It will require unity. It
will require some sacrifice. It will require
courage. It will require persistence or tenacity. It will require knowledge. It will
require the reassessment of the priorities
that we have established in our lives to
measure what is a good life and what a
quality of life might be. I see absolutely
no inconsistencies in what we are advocating for an energy program and an enhancement in the quality of life among
Americans and throughout the world in
the future.
I'm deeply grateful to you. I understand
that you are considering a conservation
Sabbath weekend. And I hope that you'll
go forward with this idea, because I know
that the common approach is very good.
And the individual exploration-as you
commune with God, as you study holy
texts, as you apply ancient principles and
commitments to a modern-day challenge-can open up ideas for our Nation
to explore that have not yet been understood nor considered by me as President.
In closing, let me say how deeply grateful I am for your coming here to the
White House. It shows an unselfishness
on your part. It shows a commitment to
the exploration of new ideas and new concepts, to the application of God's unchanging principles to rapidly changing
human life forms and attitudes in the
pressures of a modern society. I'm very
confident that out of this meeting will
come a very beneficial effect on our
country.
Again, thank you for coming. God bless
every one of you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:45 a.m. in
the State Dining Room at the White House.
United States International
Development Cooperation
Agency
Nomination of David Bronheim To Be an
Associate Director. January 10, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate David Bronheim, of Glastonbury, Conn., to be an Associate Director of the United States International
Development Cooperation Agency, a new
position. Bronheim is currently working at
the International Development Cooperation Agency and was previously an Assistant Director of the Agency for International Development.
He was born April 28, 1932, in New
York City. He received an A.B. from the
University of Michigan in 1953 and an
LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1956.
From 1956 to 1958, Bronheim was with
the U.S. Tax Court, and from 1958 to
1960, he was with the World Bank. He
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Jan. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
was with the Agency for International
Development from 1960 to 1967, as an
attorney, then deputy coordinator for
Latin America.
From 1968 to 1970, Bronheim was executive director of the Center for InterAmerican Relations. From 1970 to 1976,
he was vice president of the Dreyfus Corporation, and from 1976 to 1978, he was
director of The Futures Group, a subsidiary of the Dreyfus Corporation.
Youth Employment and
Training Programs
Remarks Announcing a New Initiative.
January 10, 1980
It seems this is the first audience I've
addressed in 2 months where there were
smiles on the faces-[laughter]-more
than expressions of concern.
I am very grateful to all of you for being
here and for letting your presence be witness to the importance of the announcements that we will make this afternoon. I
know that many Members of the Congress
have been deeply involved, as have I, in
assessing one of the most serious threats
to our Nation, to the interrelationship
among our people, to the enhancement of
opportunities that confront all of us to
have realized for those who've been deprived in the past.
These have, indeed, been difficult weeks
for our Nation, since November 4, in particular, and exacerbated by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan beginning on
Christmas Eve.
We live in a free society. Our Nation
supports human freedom throughout the
world. We live in human dignity, in human aspirations for the preservation of
peace for our own people and for people
all over the Earth.
We are outraged when we see our own
citizens kidnaped and abused in Iran, and
we are also outraged when we see in Afghanistan the independence of that nation
and the freedom of their people destroyed
by the invading force of a superpower. I'm
convinced that our Nation and those who
stand with us will prevail in this time of
testing, because we, collectively, are strong
and because we, collectively, are right.
Americans have been united in recent
weeks, perhaps as never before in recent
history. We faced a common threat, and
we faced it as one people. That unity, that
persistence, that competence, that reasoned determination has been our real
strength. It is, to a very large extent, responsible for the broad international support, an almost unprecedented degree of
international support, which we continue
to enlist. As you know from experience,
it's not always been the case-in the
United Nations, among the nonaligned
countries, among the developing nations,
among the small nations, those whose
populations are primarily black or brown
or yellow-that our country and our position has had such strong support.
The announcement that I make today
is important. But I want to ask you to join
with me, not in confronting a common
enemy from overseas, but in sharing today a common hope. The announcement
that I make today will strengthen our
Nation. It will strengthen our Nation's
life internally, yes, just as the steps that
I have announced recently will also
strengthen our own security and keep us
at peace.
Announcements, if they have substance
and if they have meaning, can never be
easy to accomplish. The facing of a challenge, the answering of a question, the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 10
meeting of a need, the overcoming of an
obstacle, which is important, is never easy.
All of you are idealists. If you hadn't
been, if you weren't, you would not be
here. You have dreams for our country.
You believe in America, not just what it
presently is but what it hopes to be and
what it can be. You believe in the full
promise of our country, the land of equal
justice and the land of equal opportunity
for people without regard to their race or
their color or the wealth or influence of
their family or their place or the status
of their birth. This has never been an easy
thing to achieve. The hope with which
we face it has sometimes been a burning,
vivid, all-consuming hope. Sometimes we
have accepted the status quo in a quiescent state.
Today I'm launching a major initiative
that will bring that great promise of
America, the land of equal opportunity, to
a closer relationship with actual reality. I
intend to ask the Congress in the weeks
ahead to make a historic investment in our
Nation's most precious, most underused
natural resource, national resource, human resource-the energies, the talents,
and the aspirations of America's young
people.
The initiative I'm proposing will be substantial. Together with efforts already begun, it will constitute the most comprehensive youth employment and training
program ever accomplished or envisioned
in our Nation. It will involve a new Federal commitment of $2 billion in expenditures by fiscal year 1982. This will bring to
more than $6 billion, in all, the Federal
investment in this unprecedented public
and private effort.
This is indeed a sizeable investment, but
it's one that's amply justified. I can reveal
a secret to you this afternoon. Our 1981
fiscal year budget will be a tight budget.
[Laughter] But I'm convinced that this
particular investment, which has not been
a penurious or reluctant commitment on
my part or those of my advisers, is an investment in our Nation's future which we
need to make and which we need to make
now.
We need it for economic reasons, because every dollar we invest in the talent
or ability of our young people is a dollar
invested in our Nation's economic future.
We need to make it for moral reasons and
for ethical reasons. A mind is a terrible
thing to waste. We've all heard this compelling appeal by the United Negro College Fund: A mind is a terrible thing to
waste. We've seen its television portrayal
of a young man, sitting alone in an empty
room, listening helplessly to the sounds of
the city outside, a world in which he cannot hope to compete. We see him paralyzed, not in a physical sense, but by a lack
of skill, a lack of hope.
Too many young Americans are today
afflicted by this exact kind of manmade
paralysis. Some have already left school,
but they lack the skills and experience to
join a productive work force. Others are
still in school, but lack the training and
employment opportunities that will ever
lead them to hopeful careers when they
finish their education.
We're not talking here about temporary
unemployment, the kind we expect most
young people to experience as they go
from young adulthood into permanent
adult status in life. We are talking about
the permanently unemployed, sometimes
even the second or third generation of the
permanently unemployed, young people
who are coming of age, who are headed
toward a dead end, an entire adulthood
of unemployment.
It would be difficult for any of us sitting
in this room to know what that means. I
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
can't claim to know fully what it means. I
only have one life to live that God has
given me, and if I were 18 or 19 or 20
years old and was convinced that my life
would never have any productive meaning, that I could never support myself economically, that I could never hope to have
a viable family, dependent upon my ability and my initiative and my industry to
support it, it would be a constantly debilitating, depressive characteristic in my
life.
These millions of young Americans, in
their late teens and early twenties, have
come to form a whole segment of our society, a class of people without any productive role in our economy, without purpose and without hope. They include
blacks, and they include Hispanics. In
fact, they include every single ethnic group
in this country. They live in rural communities; they also live in cities. The existence of this kind of mass hopelessness and
frustration is both intolerable and
unacceptable.
From the time I took office, I've been
determined to meet this challenge
head on, of youth unemployment. In 1977
in my first year in office, I worked with
many of you to get through Congress and
finally was able to sign the Youth Unemployment and Demonstration Projects
Act, the most far-reaching measure devoted to this noble purpose in the history
of the world. This has already given employment and training opportunities to
750,000 young people, 300,000 of them
minority youth.
The jobs created for this program just
for the black teenagers-by this program
just for black teenagers-added up to 75
percent of the entire nationwide increase
in black youth employment last year. That
percentage demonstrates very vividly not
only the dimensions of what we've accom
plished but also the scope of the massive
task which we still confront.
Nine months. ago, as almost all of you
know, I asked Vice President Mondale to
head up a special White House task force
on the problem of youth unemployment.
Since then we have completed the fullest
study of its kind ever undertaken. We've
held regional hearings throughout the
country. We've talked to business leaders,
to civil rights leaders, to employment
leaders, to labor leaders, to educators, to
local officials, and we've talked to a lot of
young people themselves, those who've
been successful in overcoming the handicap of unemployment and those who have
or had given up hope of ever overcoming
the crippling effect of unemployment.
We've had to make some hard judgments about the gravity of the challenge
and about what we must do to meet it.
One of the difficulties has been just to
admit that the embarrassing statistics
might be accurate, because many of us
who participated in this study are at least
partially responsible for the situation as it
exists.
We've found, for instance, that there
are 2 million high school students in lower
income school districts alone who are at
least 2 years behind in their basic skillsreading, writing, and computationskills that are taken for granted in today's
job market. And I need not tell you that
the 2-year measurement is much better
than many of these young people's educational level demonstrates. A large number
of high school graduates in the United
States of America are still functionally
illiterate. They cannot read or write. They
cannot add or subtract well enough to
hold a simple job.
There's another, second large group of
disadvantaged young people-also, coincidentally, about 2 million-who are
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 1 0
already out of school, but having severe
problems getting a job, and if they ever
get a job, holding a job. This problem, as
you know, is particularly severe among
minority youth. While 67 of every 100
white people in nonpoverty areas have
jobs, only 35 percent of black youth living in poor neighborhoods can find employment.
Both groups, those still in school and
those who have already left school, are in
an important period of transition-in
effect, from childhood to adulthood. They
are at a point where they can either take
off and find meaningful jobs and have a
productive life and have self-satisfaction
and self-esteem and be part of society and
contribute to the structural strength of
America, or they can drop out into a lifetime of hopelessness and alienation,
where their inclination is to tear down
the structure of American society because
they feel so removed from it and because
many of them feel that they are victims of
it instead of the beneficiaries of it.
I'm announcing today a set of initiatives
that will reach both these groups: those
still in school, those already out. To begin
with, I'm going to put some muscle
behind the programs that already are in
existence and which are working. I'm proposing that we increase the resources
devoted to youth education, training, and
employment programs by $2 billion: $1.2
billion in our new budget and $800 million more in fiscal year 1982, as the new
programs take hold. And if we can exceed
our projected accomplishments, then I
will certainly not hesitate to increase the
amount of money that I propose in the
next budget that I prepare later on this
year.
I am proposing that these funds be
divided roughly between those still in
school and those who've left school. For
those out of school, either as dropouts or
as graduates, the money will finance work
experience, training, and job counseling.
It will finance opportunities for 450,000
young people whom we are not reaching
now.
These employment and training programs will emphasize tough performance
standards. For too many years, we have
tended to look at our youth employment
program simply as a way of keeping our
young people off the streets. I'm determined to build programs that are effective, well-designed, well-managed, and
demanding-demanding on the employer
and also demanding on the employee.
These programs will be tough; they will
not be easy to get through, but every
young man or woman who gets through
them will have a reason to look back on
their experience and to be proud. And the
young person will have a work record to
use where it counts-that is, on the job
market to acquire a permanent possibility
for employment.
For those who are still in school, I'm
requesting funds to provide basic education and employment skills for some 1
million students in our country's 3,000
poorest urban and rural school districts.
This program will also provide many of
these students with part-time work while
they are still enrolled in school, work that
will be linked very closely with the learning that they are getting in the school
classroom. The goal will be to encourage
students who might otherwise drop out to
stay in school and to get the preparation
they need, along with the work experience, so that the outside world of emplovment won't be such a strange environment, a fearful environment for them.
I know that I will have your support
in getting this program enacted and
funded. I know I can count on those of
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Jan. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
you from the private sector on whom we
will have to rely very heavily-employers,
unions, educators, and community based
organizations-to play your indispensable
role. This program will work only with
public and private cooperation, and I
know we will receive it.
To repeat myself, a mind is a terrible
thing to waste. So is energy-not just the
kind that powers automobiles or generates
electricity, but the kind that makes people
eager to learn and eager to work and eager
to strengthen the structure of a democratic
society, and the kind of energy that young
people have in so much abundance.
Dreams are also a terrible thing to waste.
We cannot let the dreams of our young
people die. As the American poet Langston Hughes once wrote, "Hold fast to
dreams, for if dreams die life is a brokenwinged bird that cannot fly." We will hold
on to our dreams so that others can hold
on to theirs. We will hold on to our dreams
so that together we can make this great
country of ours a land of boundless hope
and opportunity for everyone.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:36 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
George Meany
Statement on the Death of the Former
President of the American Federation of Labor
and Congress of Industrial Organizations.
January 11, 1980
George Meany was an American institution. He changed the shape of our Nation for the better in hundreds of ways,
great and small, through the force of his
character and the integrity of his beliefs.
His strengths were the strengths of the
American labor movement-courage,
practical idealism, compassion, and an unshakable commitment to human dignity
and human rights.
Above all, George Meany was a patriot.
He expressed his love for our country by
fighting to make it a better place in which
to work and live. He came out of the
building trades, and in a lifetime of public
leadership, he never stopped building. He
left America a freer, stronger, more just
society than he found it.
George Meany's enduring monument
will be the united, free trade union movement he helped create and led so long and
so well. But his vision of labor's role was
a broad one, and his life's work also served
millions throughout the world who never
held a union card. He was an enemy of
totalitarianism in all its forms, a fighter
for social justice at home and abroad, and
a friend of freedom everywhere.
George Meany was a counselor of Presidents, who never lost the common touch.
Like seven of my predecessors, I was privileged to benefit from his straightforward
counsel. Working men and women around
the world will mourn his loss.
Pope John Paul II put it best at the
White House just 3 months ago, when he
clasped George Meany's hands and said
simply, "You do good work for your
people." We were all George Meany's
people, and the good work he did will continue to serve us for a long time to come.
Board for International
Broadcasting
Nomination of Charles David Ablard To Be a
Member. January 11, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Charles David Ablard, of
Alexandria, Va., to be a member of the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. I11
Board for International Broadcasting for
a term expiring April 28, 1982. He would
replace John T. Murphy, whose term has
expired.
Ablard has been in private practice since
1977 and is currently with the Washington firm of Gage, Tucker, & vom Baur.
He was born October 25, 1930, in Enid,
Okla. He received a B.B.A. (1952) and
LL.B. (1954) from the University of
Oklahoma and a Master of Laws from
George Washington University in 1959.
From 1954 to 1956, he served as a judge
advocate in the U.S. Air Force.
In 1957 Ablard was special assistant to
the General Counsel of the Post Office
Department. From 1958 to 1960, he was
judicial officer of the Post Office Department and Chairman of the Board of Contract Appeals. From 1960 to 1963, he was
a partner in the firm of Ablard & Harrison.
From 1963 to 1969, Ablard was vice
president and counsel of the Magazine
Publishers Association, Inc., and American Society of Magazine Editors. From
1969 to 1972, he was General Counsel and
congressional liaison for the U.S. Information Agency.
From 1972 to 1974, Ablard was Associate Deputy Attorney General. In 1974
he was a visiting fellow at the Center for
International Studies at Cambridge University, then associate dean of Vermont
Law School. From 1975 to 1977, he was
General Counsel of the Army.
White House Conference on
Regulatory Reform
Remarks at a Meeting of the Conference.
January 11, 1980
We have a packed house, a lot of people
trying to escape from excessive regulation.
[Laughter] Well, I hope in the months
ahead that you can come to Washington
to escape regulation and find that you've
had a successful journey.
I've been President now almost exactly
3 years, and there are some overwhelming
commitments or facts, impressions, convictions that I've acquired. One is that our
people must have confidence in their government for our government to function
properly and for our Nation to be strong
and united. Another is for our people to be
free, individually, to receive the benefits of
our constitutional guarantees-the right
of each person to stand on his or her own
feet, to make one's own decision, to participate in public affairs without any unwarranted interference in their functioning as an individual.
I'm also a product of the free enterprise
system. It needs to be protected and enhanced. Threats to it should be eliminated
or reduced. Our country can only be
strong within its free enterprise system if
there is a constant recommitment to competition for the benefit not only of consumers of goods and products and services
but also for those who provide them.
Our Nation faces, in government and in
private life, constant, changing problems.
The most serious problem that I faced 3
years ago was unemployment. Since then
we've added a net increase of 9 million
new jobs-unprecedented in the history of
our country.
Our most pressing problem now is inflation. And we, together-Federal, State,
local officials, private citizens of all
kinds-have to face the problem or threat
of inflation, along with others, with a new
approach when required, but maintaining
the principles that have guided us and
provide stability in our own lives in a
rapid, fast-changing, technological world.
We analyze daily, more often than daily,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the reasons for inflation, how we might
approach the resolution of this problem,
this threat to the well-being of Americans,
particularly those who are most
vulnerable.
OPEC raises its prices. There's very
little that we can do about it. Proper, gentle persuasion, influence with our friends
who provide oil to the international market can help, but very little. But there are
some other threats to inflation, as you well
know, and I won't delineate them. But the
one we're talking about today is one over
which we do have some control-regulations, which generate a tremendous waste,
not only of energy itself but also waste of
human life, human resources, natural resources; which destroy the fabric of government; and which nobody can address
successfully except those of us assembled
in this room and others like us, who are
represented by us.
We've got a pressing need to get rid of
the regulations that are unwarranted, and
many of them are absolutely unwarranted.
And we've got a need to manage those
that are needed in the most effective and
enlightened and sensitive way.
' There has been built up in our society
a new profession, broad reaching, employing many people, just to deal with regulations for people who are bound by them.
For someone building houses or building
factories or operating a business or providing a service, quite often the regulations at the local, State, and Federal level
are so complicated that there has to be a
special profession evolved to guide the
average American citizen, who is not
averse to regulation, through the maze of
conflicts and the overcoming of obstacles,
created in an unwarranted way, to the
proper functioning of our societal
structure.
Regulations are quite often counterproductive. Many regulatory agencies at the
local and the State government level,
which I know from bitter experiences as a
local and State official, and from the Federal Government level protect monopolies.
One of the constant pressures on me as
Governor was to create, as my former Attorney.General here, Arthur Bolter,
knows, new, so-called licensing bureaus
for professions, to enhance the well-being
of consumers of their service. That was
hard for me to understand at first. How
could people be so unselfish? [Laughter]
How could they be so generous to others?
And then I always read the fine print, and
there was always an effort to include a
grandfather clause: "Let's don't put the
restraints on those already practicing, and
let's make darned sure that no competition
comes in to endanger our own privileged
position and restrict the number who can
provide services and to provide protection
for them."
That exists in the Federal regulatory
agencies, as well, and has a more farreaching effect. We've tried to stamp out
some of those regulations, in the airline
industry, for instance. We're now moving
toward the trucking industry, the railroad
industry, the communication industry,
health industry. It's not easy. Financial
institutions, banks complain quite often
that they are too rigidly bound by regulations. But just try to remove one of those
regulations, and there's an outcry, because
the protection that they have very carefully carved out for themselves might be
removed.
The average consumer doesn't know the
inner workings and the secret mechanisms
of a regulatory agency; it's too confusing.
They don't have legal advice to guide
them into a knowledge of the regulatory
58
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 11
agency that is designed to protect them,
the consumers. But those who are regulated study the agency and its regulations
and its procedures avidly, because it's economic life or death to be protected as a
provider, quite often at the expense of the
consumer.
We've made some initial progress. The
Environmental Protection Agency, represented by Doug Costle over here, has, I
think, made notable progress. We've got
to retain some regulations to protect the
public against mislabeled chemicals or
nonproven medicines, or to prevent the
despoliation of our air and our water, to
enforce the law, to provide for safety of
Americans, to make sure that when a
product is bought, it is accurately labeled
or described.
There are obviously needs for regulations. But they can be simplified, and they
can be administered well, and they can be
compatible with regulations of the same
people by other Government entities.
Quite often, there is a profound conflict
between Federal regulations and State
regulations, or between State regulations
and local regulations.
I read a news article the other day in
the local paper that quoted Fred Kahn
as saying there are 8,000 different sets
of regulations for constructing homes.
And quite often, a homebuilder only has
a small group of employees, supposedly
carpenters, roofers, concrete pourers,
some minimal design work, and no legal
staff to study the regulations that bind
him or her and might cause an interruption of business. And every time a house
is delayed a month, in some communities
that adds 1 percent or 2 percent to the
cost of a home. And when the construction of that house is delayed a year, the
house is no better, but the cost is much
greater, and literally no one benefits. No
one benefits. The homebuilder doesn't
benefit; the home buyer doesn't benefit;
the regulators don't benefit; the providers
of services and building materials don't
benefit.
I know that you realize the points that
I'm making are true, because you've come
here out of a deep concern for the addressing of the excessive regulation problem.
OSHA1 was probably the most despised four letters-[laughter]-that I
knew about when I was a small businessman, trying to operate a cotton gin or to
build a peanut-shelling plant or delivering
fertilizer or employing 50 or 60 people.
It was a constant threat to me, and I felt
that there was no understanding of my
problems.
Since I came in office, working with
many of you in this room and others, I
think OSHA has taken on a new character and a new image. Forty thousand businesses with very low risk have been excluded completely from OSHA regulations. And on one notable day, which was
one of the high points of my Presidency,
a thousand different OSHA regulations
were stricken from the books. [Laughter]
That was a great day. [Laughter]
I believe it's accurate to say that we've
now brought under control the conflicting
regulations that exist under 35 or 40 major Federal agencies. Doug Costle is the
Chairman of our Regulatory Council, and
he meets with high-level representatives
of all those agencies. And they discuss
with one another what they are trying to
do to protect the public and to hold down
confusion and to hold down paperwork.
And they eliminate conflict among agencies. They are trying to reduce the num1 Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
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Jan. 1I1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ber of reports required, applications required. This is a very important work, and
we are just now in the beginning stages
of it, the embryonic stages of what can be
realized in correcting this defect on our
political structure.
In addition to that, we've developed a
regulatory calendar so that there will be
a predictable publication of regulations
and so that they can be carefully considered. And quite often, there is a goal to
be achieved that can be achieved at a
given level of expenditure of work and
money, and that same goal can substantially be achieved by a much lower level
of human effort and expenditure of
money. We are exploring those things now
in the early months of this effort.
Doug Costle, I think, has done a superb job. The bubble concept of air quality protection is a major step forward, and
our environment will be just as clean. The
costs will be much lower.
We've reduced paperwork in the Federal Government 15 percent, and we still
have a long way to go. And I've had into
my Cabinet Room presidents of a large
number of American universities, private
and public. I've had invited to the
White House, for an evening session with
me personally, every State school superintendent in the country, representatives
of small business, of other professions, to
tell me in practical terms, "You give me
an example of a report required or a form
to be filled out that you think is unwarranted or has to be made too frequently or
is too elaborate in its requirements or
overlaps another report, and I will personally look into it"-which I have done.
We've still got a long way to go. I'm
not trying to brag on what we've accomplished, because this meeting would not
be worthwhile if that was the goal of it.
I'm very proud that some of the States
have made even greater progress. It's very
important to us. Arizona, in motor carriers, for instance, has done a good job;
West Virginia in holding down health
costs. Georgia, I'm proud to say, now has
a one-stop application process for environmental approval of a project. There
is no reason why all 50 States can't do the
same, and there is no reason, in the future, why the Federal Government can't
do the same.
The average citizen suffers when you
have to go to a multiplicity of agencies to
get one single answer, and quite often
there are different answers given at every
different agency. The coordination of
them must be done completely, and
there's no reason why it can't be done.
Quite often, you confront very powerful political pressure groups, because to
disturb the status quo is a dangerous thing
in politics. The status quo exists because
it's valuable to somebody. And it's valuable to somebody who is powerful enough
to have protected it for a long time, at the
expense of the general public. I don't say
that in criticism of any special group, but
I say it as a fact. And when a problem
is publicized and the general public's interest is aroused and State legislators and
mayors and county officials and Congress
Members and presidents and regulatory
administrators, there can be an addressing of a defect without an adverse influence or impact on a provider of services
or goods or the consumers involved.
Well, I'd like to say this in closing: It's
easy to recognize a problem; it's difficult
to do something about it. And I hope this
conference will inspire all of you to learn
from one another-yes, that's very important-and to learn from us and also to
provide a sense of partnership, that we
are in it together.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 11
This is not a meeting which has any
possibility of accomplishing the ends that
we seek. It ought to be a kind of introductory meeting. And all of you have, I'm
sure, notable examples of progress in a
particular element of your life, within
your responsibility, that is important for
the rest of us to know. We don't have the
time to let everyone speak up and say, "I
know about something good that's happened," but I hope, following this meeting, that you will share, through Fred
Kahn or through Doug Costle, your experience in a county or in a city, or in
your own industry or profession, or at the
State level, or perhaps at another Government agency, what has been done that
might be emulated by the rest of us
around the country.
We can have a better government. We
can have a better society. We can have a
better free enterprise system. We can have
more respect for all leaders by citizens
who've suffered too long. We can have a
better country, and I'm sure we will.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:30 p.m. in
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building.
Alcohol Fuels Program
Statement Concerning New Initiatives.
January 11, 1980
This administration's program to accelerate dramatically America's production
and use of gasohol is yet another important front on which we will be wagingand winning-our energy war. Farms and
businesses all across the Nation can now
take part in one of the most exciting endeavors of this new decade. By using
American resources, we are enhancing the
international, economic, political, and
military strength of the United States.
Overall, my administration is committed to a program which will provide
between $8.5 billion and $13 billion of
assistance to stimulate production of alcohol fuels over the coming decade. We will
quadruple current gasohol production
capacity by the end of this year. During
1981 we should be capable of producing
ethanol at an annual rate of 500 million
gallons-more than six times the current
rate. If this amount of ethanol were all
turned into gasohol, it would replace almost 10 percent of our anticipated demand for unleaded gasoline in 1981.
Our overall gasohol program will spur
the investments that we, together, must
make for a more secure energy future. We
will create new markets for our farmers.
We will no longer have to throw away
waste materials which can be turned into
profitable, essential fuels.
Our Nation's enormous agricultural
and fiber resources can be used to help
provide a secure source of energy for our
future. By producing gasohol from fiber
and agricultural byproducts, we can meet
fuel needs for millions of Americans, including our farmers.
Anniversary of the Birth of
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Message of the President. January 11, 1980
DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.,
BIRTHDAY
January 15, 1980
As we celebrate the fifty-first anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther King,
Jr., the principles and causes for which he
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Jan. 1 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
gave his life are being challenged at home
and abroad. There have always been
voices that urged violent repression in the
name of religion. There have always been
people who were willing to sacrifice others
to further their own causes. Martin Luther King, Jr., taught us a different lesson.
He taught us to live up to our highest
principles of freedom and equal justice,
to love and respect the tiniest spark of
humanity in the most unlovable and find
ways to fan that tiny spark into a lasting
flame that would light the way to a better
day.
At this time when the forces of tyranny
and terrorism are engaging in violence,
often in the name of religion, it is important that we remember the power of nonviolence to change both institutions and
the hearts of individuals.
As we face the challenges of a new
decade, we are strengthened by the
memory of all the losing battles that went
into the great triumphs of Martin Luther
King, Jr. May we have the same courage
to fortify our convictions, the same love
and will to hold out to the final victory.
JIMMY CARTER
Merit Systems Protection Board
Nomination of Thomas H. Henderson, Jr., To
Be Special Counsel and Designation of Mary
Eastwood as Acting Special Counsel.
January 11, 1980
The President today announced his
intention to nominate Thomas H. Henderson, Jr., as Special Counsel of the
Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB).
He would replace H. Patrick Swygert,
resigned. The President also announced
that he has designated Mary Eastwood as
Acting Special Counsel pending Hender
son's nomination and confirmation by the
Senate.
Henderson has been Chief of the Public
Integrity Section of the Criminal Division
at the Justice Department since 1976.
He was born February 4, 1939, in Birmingham, Ala. He received a B.S. from
Auburn University in 1961 and a J.D.
from the University of Alabama in 1966.
Henderson was with the Justice Department from 1966 to 1973, serving as a trial
attorney in the Organized Crime and
Racketeering Section of the Criminal
Division, then as Deputy Section Chief of
the Management-Labor Section. From
1973 to 1974, he was deputy chief counsel of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee
on Administrative Practice and Procedure. In 1974 he returned to the Justice
Department as Deputy Section Chief of
the Management-Labor Section.
Eastwood, 49, is Associate Special
Counsel for Investigations at the MSPB.
From 1961 to 1979, she was attorney adviser in the Office of Legal Counsel at the
Justice Department, and from 1969 to
1979, she was also equal employment
opportunity adviser.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
January 6
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
January 7
The President met at the White House
with:
62
W
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-members of the Cabinet;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-professional boxer Muhammad Ali to
discuss his recent trip to the People's
Republic of China;
— economist Walter Heller.
January 8
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-former Prime Minister James Callaghan of Great Britain;
-members of the President's Advisory
Committee for Women.
The President announced the reappointment of Douglas M. Costle as Chairman of the Regulatory Council for 1980.
Costle is Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
January 9
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary of
Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr.,
Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development Moon Landrieu, Secretary of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, Secretary of Commerce
Philip M. Klutznick, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of
Management and Budget, Charles L.
Schultze, Chairman of the Council of
Economic Advisers, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for
Domestic Affairs and Policy, and
Jack H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the
President for Intergovernmental
Affairs, to discuss domestic policies;
-Mr. Moore;
-Mr. Schultze;
-representatives of the National Business League;
-Mayor James D. Griffin of Buffalo,
N.Y.;
-Sandy L. Duckworth, a member of
the Fairfax County, Va., Board of
Supervisors;
-Mrs. Carter, for lunch.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on the situation
in Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and other foreign policy issues, given
in the State Dining Room at the White
House for a group of citizens formerly or
currently active in foreign affairs.
The President sent letters to Senator
Henry M. Jackson, chairman of the Senate
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and Representative Morris K.
Udall, chairman of the House Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs, transmitting the semiannual progress report on
the National Petroleum Reserve in
Alaska, prepared by the Department of
the Interior.
The White House announced that in
the area of high technology and other
strategic item exports to the Soviet Union,
the President has directed that all existing validated export licenses be suspended
and that all shipments under these licenses
be frozen, pending a national security review of licensing policy.
January 10
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
63
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
January 11
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Deputy Secretary of State Warren
M. Christopher, Deputy Secretary of
Defense W. Graham Claytor, Jr.,
Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the
President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr.
Donovan;
-Mr. Moore;
-a citizens group to discuss volunteer,
nongovernmental programs in the
Caribbean and Central America;
-A. Vernon Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and Arthur Levitt, Jr., chairman
of the White House Commission on
Small Business;
-Robert F. Goheen, U.S. Ambassador
to India.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on the situation
in Iran, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and other foreign policy issues, given
for agricultural, labor, religious, community, and civic leaders in the State Dining
Room at the White House.
The White House announced that
Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez of Spain
will visit Washington January 14 and will
meet with the President to discuss international issues of mutual interest.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted January 10, 1980
U. W. CLEMON, of Alabama, to be United
States District Judge for the Northern Dis
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted January 10-Continued
trict of Alabama, vice a new position created
by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
FRED D. GRAY, of Alabama, to be United States
District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama, vice Frank M. Johnson, Jr., elevated.
E. B. HALTOM, JR., of Alabama, to be United
States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama, vice a new position created
by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
ROBERT B. PROPST, of Alabama, to be United
States District Judge for the Northern District of Alabama, vice a new position created
by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
Released January 7, 1980
Fact sheet: low-income energy assistance
program
News conference: on the low-income energy
assistance program-by Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare Patricia R. Harris
Released January 9, 1980
News conference: on the White House Conference on Small Business-by A. Vernon
Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and Stuart E. Eizenstat,
Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy
Released January 10, 1980
News conference: on youth employment and
training programs-by Secretary of Labor
Ray Marshall, James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and
Budget, and Mr. Eizenstat
Fact sheet: youth employment and training
programs
Announcement: nomination of U. W. Clemon
to be United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Alabama
Announcement: nomination of Fred D. Gray to
be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Alabama
Announcement: nomination of E. B. Haltom,
Jr., to be United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Alabama
64
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released January 10-Continued
Announcement: nomination of Robert B.
Propst to be United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Alabama
Released January 11, 1980
News conference: on the alcohol fuels program-by Under Secretary of Energy John
C. Sawhill, Deputy Secretary of Agriculture
Jim Williams, and Mr. Eizenstat
Fact sheet: alcohol fuels program
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved January 7, 1980
H.R. 5860 --- —-------- Public Law 96-185
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act
of 1979.
Approved January 8, 1980
H.J. Res. 468 --- —---- Public Law 96-186
A joint resolution extending the dates for
submission of the President's Budget and
Economic Report.
H.R. 5010 --- —------- Public Law 96-187
Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979.
65
Week Ending Friday, January 18, 1980
George Meany
Proclamation 4712. January 11, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
At a time when freedom is once again
under challenge around the world, we will
remember George Meany. We will remember him as the symbol of a vibrant
free trade union movement. We will remember him as the champion of the
highest values of our democracy. In a
career that exceeded a half century,
George Meany changed the shape of
America for the better in hundreds of
ways, great and small, through the force
of his character and through the integrity
of his beliefs.
The modern American labor movement-strong, united and free- is George
Meany's enduring legacy to our Nation.
It is proper and fitting that we honor his
memory today and that we remember his
many contributions to our Nation.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by virtue of the authority vested in me as
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces (36 U.S.C. 178) do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the
memory of George Meany and his numerous contributions to our Nation, the flag
of the United States shall be flown at halfstaff on all buildings, grounds and naval
vessels of the Federal government in the
District of Columbia and throughout the
United States and its territories and possessions until his interment.
I also direct that the flag shall be flown
at half-staff for the same length of time
at all United States embassies, legations,
consular offices, and other facilities
abroad, including all military facilities
and naval vessels and stations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:06 a.m., January 14, 1980]
NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on January 12.
Meeting With Agha Shahi of
Pakistan
White House Statement. January 12, 1980
Pakistan's foreign affairs adviser Agha
Shahi met with the President in the Oval
Office at 2:45 this afternoon. The meeting lasted for 40 minutes.
The meeting concluded a visit to Washington in which Mr. Shahi met with Secretary Vance and the President's Adviser for National Security Affairs,
Zbigniew Brzezinski.
Mr. Shahi's meeting with the President
and other American officials involved an
67
Jan. 1 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
exchange of views on the implications for
international peace and security of recent
developments in Afghanistan and on how
the United States might be helpful in assisting Pakistan under the present circumstances.
Included in the Oval Office meeting on
the American side were: Secretary of
State Vance, Dr. Brzezinski, Deputy Secretary of Defense Graham Claytor, Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher, U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan Arthur
Hummel, Assistant Secretary of State for
Near East and South Asian Affairs Harold
Saunders, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs David
Aaron, and Thomas Thornton of the NSC
staff.
Mr. Shahi was accompanied by Lieutenant General Jilani, Secretary General
to the Ministry of Defense; Major General Aref, Chief of Staff to President Zia:
Pakistan's Ambassador to the United
States Sultan Khan; and staff.
White House Conference on
Small Business
Remarks at the Opening Session of the
Conference. January 13,1980
Vernon Weaver, Arthur Levitt, other
Commissioners, and delegates:
It's a genuine pleasure for me to be with
you tonight.
I welcome you to the first White House
Conference on Small Business. As you may
have surmised, this gathering fulfills a
long-time ambition of mine to have the
voice of small business heard loud and
clear here in Washington. As a matter of
fact, I started working on it 5 years ago, in
January of 1975. And I worked very hard
for 2 years so that I could come up here 3
years ahead of you-[laughter]-and start
getting things ready for this conference.
And now here we are, and I'm very glad
to be with you.
A lot of people deserve credit for the
progress that we've made already. But I
particularly want to mention Senator Gaylord Nelson and Congressman Neal Smith,
and all the Members of Congress who
have played an integral role in laying the
groundwork, the legal groundwork, for
this conference. This gathering, which will
have a great influence on the future course
of our country, is both the culmination of
years of hard work and also the beginning
of renewed efforts carefully devised by
you and by us, designed for the future-a
better one for you and for us and the entire country. It's a proud day for all of us.
We are also meeting at one of the most
trying times in our Nation's history. I want
to talk very briefly about that.
As citizens of a free society, as supporters of human freedom and human
dignity, we have been justifiably outraged
about recent international events. We are
outraged that, half a world away, the
Iranian Government holds 50 innocent
Americans hostage in violation of international law and in violation of human decency. And we are also outraged that in
that same troubled spot of the world,
armed forces of the Soviet Union, a superpower, have launched a massive invasion
of the small, nonaligned country of
Afghanistan.
Yet for all our anger, the United States
has responded with a combination of restraint and firmness. For all the world to
see, we have reasserted our commitment
to the rule of law in international conduct,
and we have worked carefully with our
own allies and within the United Nations.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 13
We will continue to protect American interests and, if possible, preserve the peace.
But we will protect the interests of the
United States, using whatever action is
required.
This has not been an easy 2 months for
any of us. But I think we've shown the
world that America will not give in to terrorism or to international intimidation,
whatever its forms might be or wherever
it might occur.
As President, I have been very proud of
the American people. We've risen to this
occasion as a united nation. We've spoken
loud and clear with one voice, and the
world has listened with respect. In an almost unprecedented way, the United
States has been joined and supported by
nations of all kinds-deeply religious and
atheistic, large and small, east and west,
north and south, they have joined with us
to condemn what has occurred in Iran and
Afghanistan.
Some of our economic actions directly
involve you, who represent small business
enterprise in this country. You have
demonstrated your willingness to make a
reasonable sacrifice for the security and
the well-being of the United States. And
I thank you for this support.
Normal trade and commerce has been
interrupted in order to demonstrate
vividly our abhorrence and our own condemnation of terrorism and military aggression against innocent people. Under
even the best of circumstances, normal
trade will not soon be resumed with the
Soviet Union.
This is an election year, when Americans are making judgments and assessing
performance and thinking about the future. In reaching my own decision to act,
I had to face some tough choices. There
are many risks. There are economic costs.
We are sharing those costs, so the burden
will not fall just on you as small business
leaders, not just on the American farmer,
not just on any particular group in our
country. Political considerations, in order
to protect our Nation, had to be set aside;
and some economic profit, in order to protect our Nation, had to be forgone.
I need for you and for all Americans to
stand with me. The United States is being
severely tested today-tested for our moral
courage, tested for our willingness to forgo
economic profit, tested for our basic military strength, tested for our national unity,
tested for our economic strength. And we
Americans will not fail these tests.
I consider it most fitting for the White
House Conference on Small Business to
convene this week. This is a good forum.
Just as we must keep bright the beacon of
human freedom, demonstrate national
unity, and maintain the military strength
of our country, so must we also maintain
a national economy that will make all this
possible. To me that means a further
strengthening of the small businesses of
America.
I know firsthand how important this
must be. I'm one of the few small businessmen ever to serve in the White House. I
had a Small Business Administration loan,
Vernon. And I'm very proud to say that I
was finally able to pay it back[laughter]-almost, but not quite always,
on time. In fact, even today, in my present
job, I carry out one of the important small
business traditions. As you know, I live
right next to the store where I work.
[Laughter]
I feel close to you. And from the day I
first took office, I've worked with you and
with others to build a good record to aid
small business. We moved quickly to ease
paperwork and regulatory burdens. We
required that new regulations be costeffective and written in plain English,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and that we eliminate overlapping and
obsolete rules. We've required regulators
to consider, for the first time, the special
problems of small business and to exempt
you from further certain burdensome regulations that would have been issued.
These are just commonsense changes, but
in Washington they amounted to a major
departure from past routine.
As one measure of progress, we've
already cut by 15 percent the time required by Americans of all kinds to fill
out Federal paperwork. And we've exempted 40,000 low-risk businesses from
regulations by OSHA, and on one proud
day, we eliminated 1,000 OSHA regulations.
Working with Congress and with you,
my administration has helped to create a
better climate for small business, a better
realization on the part of. every agency
in the Federal Government of what your
special problems and your special potential is. Because of our initiatives, corporate
taxes are lower for small businesses.
Pension funds regulations now encourage
investments in small and innovative businesses. The Small Business Administration has greatly expanded its lending activities. I appointed the first Chief Counsel for Advocacy in the SBA, and I made
a good choice.
We've also addressed some special
groups of those involved in small business.
We've expanded aid to minority-owned
businesses. Since 1977 Federal purchases
from minority-owned firms increased from
about $1 billion to $2/2 billion. And our
goal for 1980, which I am determined to
reach, is $3.8 billion of Federal purchases
from minority-owned businesses.
As part of my determination to meet
this and other goals, I've directed all Federal agencies to implement Public Law
95-507 aggressively, as you know, for the
benefit of both small and minority businesses, to expand your share of subcontracts from large Federal contractors.
I've also begun efforts to aid small businesses owned by women. Last year I
directed Federal agencies to help
strengthen the role of women in business.
The 1981 budget will contain funds for
the Nation's first women's business development effort to coordinate this move
nationwide.
Well, I could go on, but these are just
some of the small business initiatives that
we've implemented in that last 3 years. I
know, as well as you, that we still have a
long way to go. And this conference is
designed to chart our course for the
future. On these particular efforts, I'll let
Vernon Weaver and others go into more
detail with you this week, because I want
to turn now, in closing, to two problems
that affect us all-and hit small businesses
especially hard. These are energy and
inflation.
Let me first say that I believe that we
are beginning to turn the corner on both
problems. After three decades of almost
total indifference, we now have a national energy policy to reduce our dangerous dependence on imported oil. We
now have a rational, conservationminded energy pricing policy based on
reality, not on false hopes.
We've put in place a series of things,
and I'll just mention them briefly: first,
a clear policy to encourage American
production of energy, based on a rational
pricing policy of deregulation; second,
broad incentives for conservation, the best
approach to solving our energy import
problem; a strong shift away from oil toward coal, our most abundant source of
energy; new emphasis on renewable
sources of energy, based on the Sun-and
there is a broad gamut, as you know, of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 13
opportunities here-an extensive effort to
develop synthetic alternatives to foreign
oil. And I've called on the Congress to
enact a windfall profits tax to finance this
most massive of all peacetime investments
in American industry-to develop major
new domestic energy supplies.
This new program can have a profound and a beneficial effect on all small
businesses in America. But you have a
responsibility, a special individual responsibility, to help with the two things that
are required to cut back on foreign imports. The first is conservation, the elimination of waste. And the second is to
enhance the production of all forms of
energy in our own country, and not overseas.
Last year we stopped the upward spiral
in the quantity of oil that we import, and
we reduced-actually reduced our oil
imports by 5 percent. Yet even with that,
at the higher prices we will probably pay
in 1980 $90 billion for imported oil. Along
with oil we are importing inflation and
unemployment. Just imagine what those
$90 billion would do if invested instead
in American businesses-in new jobs, in
innovations, in increased productivity.
That's one of the main reasons why I have
been almost obsessed with energy since
the first day I came into this office, and
have worked almost 3 years, constantly
with the Congress to hammer out, over
the most difficult possible obstacles, a comprehensive energy policy. And we are just
on the verge of success, and that's why our
Nation as a whole, and you individually,
must face up to this very difficult task.
Cutting down oil imports is also a top
priority in fighting inflation. Virtually all
of last year's increase in our inflation rate
came from OPEC: almost 100-percent
increase in OPEC oil prices. And we will
never control inflation until we control
our excessive appetite for foreign oil.
Of course, you all know that we can
also attack inflation directly, and we've
done so. First, we've already cut the Federal deficit by more than half. In the new
budget, which is going to the press right
now, we will cut this deficit in half again,
and we will keep working toward a
balanced budget as rapidly as we humanly
can.
When measured as a share of our gross
national product, already, up till now, the
present deficit has declined even morefrom 4.6 percent of the GNP when I ran
for President-when I was elected President, down to only 1.2 percent of the GNP
now. You're all interested in the Federal
deficit being reduced. And I might caution you that you can help in this conference, because when you make recommendations to me and to Congress and
to the administration and to the Nation,
I hope that you will consider every recommendation and what impact that recommendation might have on Federal budget
expenditures.
Second, we are reducing the cost of
regulation on our economy and at the
same time encouraging more competition.
This has certainly not been an easy job.
Deregulation of airline fares was only the
beginning of an unprecedented and sustained effort to get the Government's nose
out of the private enterprise system of
America.
And as you well know, contrary to the
best interests of consumers and our country, quite often those regulated have been
the most bitter opponents of deregulation.
That's where the small business voice can
be heard with the utmost effectiveness in
the halls of Congress. We've only just begun with airlines. We are moving on railroads, trucking, communications, finance,
and many other areas of American life.
Third, we enlisted the aid of American
business and labor to work with the ad
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Jan. 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ministration in a national accord to help
hold down inflation voluntarily. We've
had notable success, which I'm sure will
be spelled out to you during these 4 days.
And finally, we've made a concerted
effort, which is only just beginning, to encourage more research and development,
more capital investment, more productivity growth. Only in these ways and
others like them can we attack the roots
of inflation, and not just the symptoms of
inflation.
The events in Iran and Afghanistan
have helped to underscore hard work
ahead for America in the 1980's. They've
dramatized the need for greater cooperation and for greater unity in facing our
common problems. Clearly we have our
work cut out for us, and this conference is
an important part of that work.
It's the first major conference, as you
know, that has been called in Washington
since these two crises erupted into the
American national consciousness. And
what you do here and what you say here
and what you recommend from here
should be based upon a need to pull Americans together; to consider the great
human and natural resources which we
enjoy; and to determine the course that
we must follow in the future to give a better quality of life for all Americans, based
on a common effort.
Already more than 30,000 small business owners have helped to fashion recommendations and proposals in 57 meetings
in all the States of our Nation, which will
be on the agenda for discussion this week.
I have high expectations for your work,
and I want you to have high expectations
that together we can and we will keep up
the momentum for reforms that strengthen the small businesses of America.
Together we can build a stronger economy
that will help make this great country of
ours even greater.
In about 2 years a group representing
this conference should come back to the
White House to assess the progress that we
will have made. And when you come back
in 1982, I expect to be here to greet you.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:38 p.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, he
referred to A. Vernon Weaver, Jr., Administrator of the Small Business Administration,
and Arthur Levitt, Jr., Chairman of the White
House Commission on Small Business.
Federal Procurement Policy
Memorandum From the President.
January 13, 1980
Memorandum for the Heads of Departments and Agencies
When I announced my Urban Policy in
March 1978, I set certain goals for the
federal procurement system. Specifically,
I pledged to triple the amount of business
the Federal Government does with minority businesses, increasing those contracts
from the $1.1 billion level of 1977 to $3.3
billion by the end of FY 1979. I also signed
an Executive Order to increase substantially the amount of federal procurement
in areas of high unemployment (labor
surplus areas).
In both instances, although the government's performance improved significantly
over previous years, the goals I set were
not achieved. We are in the process of
establishing higher goals in minority and
LSA procurement for 1980, which I am
confident we can achieve. I would like
each of you to take the following specific
actions to ensure that your agency is doing
its best to meet those goals:
* Familiarize yourself with your agency
goals and ensure that adequate plans have
been developed to reach these goals.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 14
* Instruct each of your procurement
officials that these goals are a high priority
with me and that I expect each of them
to take every necessary and appropriate
step to reach these goals.
* P.L. 95-507 requires that each
agency establish an Office of Small and
Disadvantaged Business Utilization
(OSDBU) with a full-time director who
reports to the agency head or deputy. It
also requires subcontracting plans for
utilization of small and minority firms for
most federal contracts over $500,000.
Please take the following actions regarding P.L. 95-507: (1) review your
OSDBU to see that it has the necessary
resources and full-time staff to carry out
the responsibilities mandated by this law;
and (2) review the performance of your
agency with regard to the subcontracting
provision of the law, and take every action
required to ensure that, henceforth, no
contract covered by the provisions of this
law is let by your agency which does not
have a subcontracting plan.
* You should already have established
with the Department of Commerce your
annual minority contracting goals and
with SBA your subcontracting goals under
P.L. 95-507; if not, do so immediately.
* Cooperate fully with GSA in establishing LSA goals.
* Personally review the 1979 performance of your agency in the minority and
LSA procurement areas, and if you did
not meet your goals, develop a plan by
January 30 to meet 1980 goals.
* Both the Senior Executive Service
System and the Merit Pay System require
goals and objectives for evaluating employee performance. Where it is feasible
and appropriate I want the achievement
of procurement goals in these two areas to
be included as a performance objective.
This objective should be a critical element
in the evaluation of procurement officials
and related program personnel.
I have asked Jack Watson to work
closely with Deputy Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges, Administrator Vernon Weaver of SBA, and with OMB in
monitoring our performance in these two
areas. Please report to me through Jack by
January 30 on specific steps you have
taken, and are taking, in accordance with
this memorandum, including the specific
goals set for your department or agency in
these areas. I would like each of you to devote sufficient, continuing, and personal
attention to these procurement matters to
ensure achievement of our goals.
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: The text of the memorandum was
released on January 14.
Small Business
Message to the Congress. January 14, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am sending the Congress this Message
on Small Business to emphasize the vital
importance of the small business sector to
the American economy, and to report to
you on the steps taken by my Administration to strengthen it.
Our efforts to control inflation, maintain high levels of employment, and stimulate productivity and economic growth
depend in large measure upon a strong
small business sector. Yet too often in the
past the Federal government has been insensitive to the needs and concerns of
small business.
It is essential, not just for the sake of
the small businessmen and businesswomen
of America, but for the economic welfare
of the Nation as a whole, that the voice of
small business be heard and heeded. I
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Jan. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
have made a special effort to open my Administration to small business and to
maintain a continuing dialogue with its
leaders. In addition, in order to focus that
dialogue and to provide a forum in which
the small business community can develop
and transmit its policy recommendations,
I have convened a White House Conference on Small Business, which meets in
Washington this week. Senator Gaylord
Nelson and Congressman Neal Smith have
been at the forefront of those urging such
a conference. I look forward to receiving
the recommendations of the Conference.
As the conferees begin their deliberations,
I want to report to you on the state of
small business, our progress thus far in
dealing with its problems and concerns,
and our plans for the future.
At the root of the problem of governmental insensitivity is the popular misconception that small business is not a significant factor in our economy. Viewed in
the aggregate, there is nothing small about
small business. Small businesses account
for more than fifty percent of all private
employment, forty-three percent of the
gross national product, and over half of
all inventions.
The small business sector is critically
important not just because of its sheer size,
but because of the unique way it affects
the economy. In the years between 1969
and 1976, small and medium size businesses accounted for virtually all of the
net new private sector jobs added to our
economy. Employment in firms with 500
or fewer employees increased by 7.5 million, while employment in firms with over
500 employees dropped by 1.2 million.
There is, as well, an aspect of small
business which cannot and need not be
quantified to demonstrate its importance.
Our Nation has grown strong as the land
of opportunity in which each individual
can aspire to financial security through
hard work and enterprise. The pursuit of
economic self-realization by free citizens
has fueled the most productive economy
in the history of the world. And throughout our own history, economic opportunity and political freedom have gone hand
in hand, each supporting and reinforcing
the other.
Given the crucial roles which small
businesses play in our economy and our
society, it is incumbent upon us to identify
and address those conditions which inhibit their formation and growth. Among
the problems small business confronts today, the most acute are:
* the burden of excessive and needless
governmental regulation and paperwork requirements.
* the need to improve access to capital
to start up new enterprises and finance growth.
* inflation, which often places special
strains on smaller businesses less able
to pass along cost increases.
* the special problems of members of
minority groups and women in starting and building business enterprises.
REGULATION AND PAPERWORK
When I took office in 1977 I found that
90 separate Federal agencies were issuing
regulations at a rate of 7,000 new rules
every year. Yet there was no mechanism
to assure the cost-effectiveness of such
rules, to eliminate overlapping and obsolete rules, or even to require that they be
expressed in plain English.
Unnecessary or poorly designed regulations and paperwork requirements hurt
the whole economy, but they particularly
hurt small business. For example, reporting requirements which may be no more
than minor irritants for large enterprises
may well involve unacceptable costs for
small entrepreneurs.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 14
During the past three years I have
taken a number of steps to reform the
regulatory process and eliminate needless burdens. These actions include:
* Issuance of an Executive Order subjecting major regulations to cost-benefit
analyses; imposing annual sunset reviews
on various regulations; providing for the
publication of a Regulatory Calendar to
facilitate public participation in the rulemaking process; and requiring that regulations be written in plain English.
* Creation of the Regulatory Council to
improve coordination of Federal regulatory activities.
* A direction to Federal agencies to develop flexible regulations which take into
account the size of the regulated business,
and which provide for reduced burdens
for smaller businesses where possible.
* As a result of a paperwork reduction
program I have initiated, we have reduced by 15 % the number of hours Americans spend filling out Federal government forms.
CAPITAL NEEDS
A major impediment to the creation of
a new business or the expansion of a small
one is the difficulty in obtaining financing.
During the period immediately prior to
my Administration, access to the public
capital markets was virtually closed to
small businesses. In 1969 there were 548
public offerings of the securities of new or
small companies; in 1976 there were a
mere 29. At the same time, the cost of debt
financing has increased as a result of the
actions taken by the Federal Reserve System to reduce inflationary pressures in the
economy.
In the face of these serious problems,
Congress and this Administration have
acted to encourage investment in small
and innovative businesses:
* The maximum tax on long-term capital gains has been reduced from 49% to
28%.
* The three-step corporate income tax
has been replaced by a five-step rate structure, which lowers the tax on the first
$100,000 of corporate income by $7,750.
* The ERISA rules which define the
fiduciary responsibility of the Nation's
pension fund managers have been
amended to encourage prudent investments in small and innovative businesses.
These funds, which contain approximately $500 billion in assets, can be a major source of venture capital for our
economy.
* The Small Business Administration
has greatly expanded its lending activity
in the past three years. SBA loans rose
from $1.8 billion in 1976 to $3.1 billion in
1979, an increase of 72 percent.
INFLATION
Inflation is one of the most vexing and
intractable problems we face as a Nation.
It afflicts all segments of our society, but
some elements are especially vulnerable.
Small business is one of the sectors that is
particularly hard hit.
Cutting down oil imports must be a top
priority in fighting inflation. Virtually all
of last year's increase in our inflation rate
came from OPEC, and we will never control inflation until we control our appetite
for imported oil. To help do so I have put
in place a national energy policy which
will encourage production through a rational deregulated pricing policy and will
encourage a shift to coal, our most abundant resource. We have devised effective
incentives for energy conservation, and
have strongly encouraged the use of solar
and renewable resources. I have also
called on Congress to enact a Windfall
Profits Tax to finance the most massive
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Jan. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
peacetime effort in American history to
develop synthetic alternatives to foreign
oil.
Another major line of defense continues
to be strict budgetary discipline by the
Federal government. My Administration
has succeeded, with the cooperation of the
Congress, in reducing the Federal deficit
from $67 billion to $30 billion in less than
three years. The budget that I shall propose for Fiscal Year 1981 will call for a
further significant reduction.
In 1976 the Federal deficit represented
4.6% of our gross national product. In
1979, the fiscal year just completed, it was
1.2% of gross national product. In the
1981 budget, shortly to be released, the
proposed deficit will be no more than
one-half of one percent of gross national
product.
We cannot afford to backtrack on our
commitment to further deficit reductions.
I urge you to join with me in the year
ahead in resisting expensive and improvident pressures on the budget which would
surely undermine our efforts to contain
inflation.
I also urge business and labor to continue to work with us under the voluntary
wage and price guidelines which I have
put in place.
During a period of high inflation and
accompanying high interest rates, many
small businesses may face special financing
problems. Chairman Volcker has recognized the need for banks to take particular
care that small businesses, home buyers,
and farmers receive a reasonable share of
available funds. I know that the Nation's
banking community has responded favorably to the Chairman's suggestion, and I
expect it will continue to assure that adequate credit is available to finance the
basic needs of the economy.
In addition, I would hope that the
banking community would be sensitive to
the pricing of small business credit. Decisions regarding rates and availability of
credit must be made by each individual
institution on a case-by-case basis and in
response to local market conditions. At the
same time, I hope that banks will act in a
manner which recognizes both the critical
role small businesses play in our economy
and their special needs in a time of increased credit cost.
MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
Members of minority groups are greatly
underrepresented in the ranks of small
business. Although minorities comprise
roughly 18%5 of the population, only 4%
of the Nation's firms are minority owned,
and those firms account for less than 2%
of all business receipts. Minority entrepreneurs confront unique problems in obtaining capital and often have special requirements for technical assistance. These
problems require, and are receiving, the
attention of the Federal government.
* Since 1977 we have more than doubled Federal purchases of goods and services from minority firms from $1.1 billion
to $2.5 billion in 1979. I am confident that
such purchases will exceed $3.5 billion
this year.
* In order to promote and coordinate
Federal activities in support of minority
business development, I have revitalized
the Interagency Council for Minority
Business Enterprise and asked the Undersecretary of Commerce to report to me on
its progress regularly.
* Last year I signed Public Law 95-507
which requires plans for subcontracting
to minority and small businesses before
sizeable contracts are awarded. I have
taken steps to ensure that this legislation
is vigorously implemented.
* SBA has greatly expanded its activities
in placing Federal procurement contracts
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 14
with small businesses owned by socially
and economically disadvantaged persons
under the Section 8(a) program. The
value of such contracts rose from $368
million in 1976 to more than $1 billion in
1979.
* In my 1981 budget, I shall propose a
new initiative within SBA to provide
necessary financial assistance to support
the growth and expansion of existing
minority firms which have demonstrated
their viability.
* I have restructured minority business
programs within the Department of Commerce to provide a broad range of technical, advocacy, and support services, and
I shall be sending proposed legislation to
the Congress to establish a statutory base
for the Minority Business Development
Agency within the Commerce Department, to administer these programs.
WOMEN IN BUSINESS
Although women make up more than
half of the work force, less than 5% of
all United States firms are owned by
women, and these firms account for less
than one half of one percent of all business
receipts. Businesses owned by women tend
to be among the smallest and the most
vulnerable to the vicissitudes of the economic cycle. Such businesses face major
barriers in raising capital and often require considerable management assistance.
To help deal with these problems, I
have issued an Executive Order which
directs Federal agencies to strengthen the
role of women in business and to take
affirmative action to include women in
management assistance and other business
related programs. I have also created an
Interagency Committee on Women's Business Enterprise to assure effective implementation of my directive. My Adminis
tration is responding with initiatives such
as:
* SBA's new pilot mini-loan program
which offers women entrepreneurs
direct loans with flexible terms.
*In 1981, SBA will increase direct
loans targeted to women business
owners.
* My 1981 budget will also contain additional funding for SBA management and technical assistance programs designed for women-owned
firms.
* The Farmers' Home Administration
has targeted $50 million of its Business and Industry Loan Program
funding for Fiscal Year 1979 for rural
women's projects.
In addition, the Federal Reserve Board
is considering actions to strengthen protections against sex discrimination in commercial credit.
OTHER SMALL BUSINESS INITIATIVES
In addition to the actions I have mentioned, we have initiated a number of
other steps which are no less important
in our efforts to create a more favorable
environment for individual enterprise:
* At my direction, a major interagency
review was undertaken to identify policy
options to encourage industrial innovation. Because of the key role small business
plays in the innovative process, many of
the program components which will be
implemented as a part of our comprehensive innovation policy will directly
benefit small businesses. These include the
creation of Corporations for Innovation
Development in partnership with States
and regions to provide seed capital for
promising, innovative enterprises. We will
also expand the existing National Science
Foundation program which provides
funding to small companies to assist in the
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Jan. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
commercial development of new technologies. We are seeking to strengthen and
rationalize the patent system, and we will
establish Patent Counsels for Small and
Minority Business in the Small Business
Administration and the Department of
Commerce to assist inventors in bringing
their innovations to market.
* I have instructed the Small Business
Administration to accelerate the establishment of a small business data base to provide the information needed to guide
effective policymaking for the small business sector.
* The Small Business Administration
has taken steps to expand and strengthen
its advocacy function. With the appointment of the first Chief Counsel for Advocacy in the SBA, the establishment of
SBA advocacy offices, and the addition of
the SBA to the Regulatory Council, I
have moved to ensurethat the problems
and issues facing small business are addressed wherever relevant policy decisions
are made within the Federal government.
THE PENDING LEGISLATIVE AGENDA
Congress can be justifiably proud of the
legislative actions it has taken over the
past three years to help create a more favorable climate for small business. There
are, however, a number of legislative proposals of great importance to small business now pending or shortly to be submitted which require urgent consideration:
* Comprehensive Regulatory Reform. I
urge Congress to adopt the comprehensive
regulatory reform legislation which I proposed last March. This bill will make
permanent and extend to the independent
regulatory agencies the regulatory reforms I have already instituted by executive order. Such legislation should also require agencies to give appropriate consideration to alternative forms of regula
tion which minimize the adverse impacts
of agency rules on small business.
* Paperwork Reduction. In a Message
to Congress last November I called for
passage of a Paperwork Reduction Act.
This bill will ensure coordination among
agencies to avoid duplicative reporting
requirements and will strengthen central
oversight of paperwork requirements. I
urge its prompt approval.
* Trucking Deregulation. The trucking
industry is enmeshed in a complex, anticompetitive web of regulation. The existing statutory scheme limits entry, restricts
the goods truckers can carry and the
routes they can drive, and allows them to
meet in secret and fix prices. As a result,
transportation costs are inflated by billions
of dollars, and precious fuel is wasted.
These regulations are particularly harmful
to small businessmen who depend on common carriers, as opposed to large corporations which can establish their own private trucking fleets.
I have submitted a bill to open up entry,
lift restrictions on commodities and routes,
improve service to small towns, and ensure
vigorous price competition in the trucking
industry. I hope that the Congress will
follow its extremely salutory action on airline deregulation with comparable action
for the trucking industry.
* Uniform Patent Policy. In my Message to Congress on Industrial Innovation
last year, I noted that the patent process
has become increasingly expensive, timeconsuming and unreliable. Its deficiencies
have tended particularly to penalize small
and independent entrepreneurs. In particular, confusion generated by conflicting
policies regarding the disposition of proprietary rights in Federally supported
work has seriously inhibited the commercial application of patents resulting from
such work. I will shortly submit to Con
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 14
gress proposed legislation to remove this
confusion through the establishment of a
uniform patent policy. Under this bill,
small businesses and universities will retain
patent ownership.
* Securities Law Simplification. Last
month I sent to Congress a proposed
"Small Business Issuers' Simplification
Act" which will significantly reduce the
paperwork and regulatory burdens of
small businesses which sell their securities
to institutional investors, such as banks, insurance companies and pension funds, and
others making investments of at least
$100,000. The high costs of compliance
with the registration provisions of the Federal securities laws have effectively prevented smaller businesses from raising
capital in the public securities markets.
Existing paperwork requirements constitute a needless impediment to the raising of capital where the securities are sold
to a purchaser well able to fend for itself
in the marketplace. This legislation would
exempt such transactions from existing
statutory registration requirements, while
preserving all the present protections of
law for small investors. I urge Congress to
give it early and favorable consideration.
These initiatives represent parts of a
larger process by which we can, working
together, make the Federal government
the ally of small business, not its adversary.
We must recognize that our aspirations for
a free and productive society rest to a significant extent upon the fate of America's
entrepreneurs, and we must act accordingly. Our job is to provide a climate in
which their energies, their enterprise, and
their dynamism can work for all Americans. I ask you to join with me in meeting
that challenge.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 14, 1980.
Economic Sanctions
Against Iran
White House Statement on the Soviet Veto of
the United Nations Security Council
Resolution. January 14, 1980
Like the presence of Soviet tanks in the
streets of Kabul, the Soviet veto of the
United Nations Security Council resolution on Iran exposes, for all the people of
the world to see, the Soviet Union's disregard for international law and the world's
machinery of peace.
Their veto is an act of political cynicism. It offends the conscience of all who
honor freedom and who seek to strengthen
the grip of law over lawlessness, of peace
over strife-in this crisis and for the
future.
The facts are clear. On December 31,
the Security Council adopted a binding
resolution on Iran. That resolution, as had
a prior resolution which the Soviet Union
approved, called on Iran to release the
hostages. It requested that SecretaryGeneral Waldheim continue to use his
good offices to secure their release. It committed the Security Council to review the
situation again on January 7 and, if the
Iranians had not yet complied, to adopt
effective measures under Articles 39 and
41 of the United Nations Charter. These
are the Articles of the United Nations
Charter that provide for mandatory
sanctions.
The Secretary-General then went to
Tehran. He reported to the Council on
January 7 that the progress he sought had
not been made; that the Iranians refused
to release the hostages. It therefore became incumbent on the Security Council
to act.
Twice the United States, despite extreme skepticism, agreed to a delay of this
action so that any indication of a good
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
faith effort to resolve this crisis could be
explored. As has so often been the case in
the past, those explorations proved fruitless.
The necessary majority of the members
of the United Nations Security Council
voted to impose specific sanctions on Iran
in accordance with the provisions of the
Charter and the previous decision of the
Council. The'Soviet Union has thwarted
that effort with their veto.
Let us be clear about what the Soviet
Union is saying to the world by its two
vetoes in the past week and by its other
actions: The Soviet Union has opposed
this effort of the international community,
including the United States, to resolve the
crisis in Iran through peaceful means.
Meanwhile, it is seeking to crush the independence of Afghanistan through military force.
The Soviet Union can veto the Security
Council's resolution on Afghanistan-but
they cannot veto the imprint their aggression has left on world opinion.
The Soviet Union can keep the Security Council from acting now on Iranbut they cannot block the determination
of members of the international community that terrorism and lawlessness
must be dealt with firmly.
Over the next several days, we will be
working with other nations who uphold
the principles of the United Nations and
who seek a peaceful end to the crisis in
Iran, to carry out our obligations under
the Security Council resolution of December 31 and to implement the sanctions. At
the President's direction, Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher is now
in Europe to discuss our actions with our
European allies. We will also be in immediate contact with other nations.
The terrorists holding the American
hostages cannot take comfort from this
veto, because in reality it is aimed at ad
vancing Soviet designs in Iran. The veto
does nothing to lessen the world community's condemnation of their acts, nor
does it lessen Iran's isolation from the
world. In spite of the veto, we are confident that nations will act to maintain the
rule of law.
National Medal of Science
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony.
January 14, 1980
This morning, as Dr. Press and I were
discussing those who will be honored today, and what they've meant to our country and indeed the world, it was a sobering
conversation for us both. We talked about
the tens of billions of dollars of new investment that has been made in industry
and the sciences and other elements of
life; the tens of millions of jobs that have
been created by these people; the millions
of lives that have been saved, not only in
our own country but all over the world.
And I, as President of a great country,
am honored this morning to participate
in this ceremony.
We are in the midst of an age of discovery not of continents, but of new
knowledge. Men and women are pushing
back the walls of ignorance about the
smallest subatomic particles; about the
universe, in the farthest reaches of space;
about the sea and the air; about the
human body; the Earth, its plants and
minerals; about our own brains.
Many have feared that mankind's
destruction might come, as Winston
Churchill put it, on the gleaming wings
of science. If we come to that, it will not
be because we dared to seek new knowledge, but it will be because we don't have
enough of it. We cannot stop seeking
knowledge just because the fire which we
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 14
have discovered might burn. We must
learn to control the fire.
Controlling the fire lies not only in the
hands of scientists but of every person in
our Nation and throughout the world. We
do not know enough, but we do know far
more than when the Medal of Science was
established by Congress in 1959. We know
far more than was known when men like
Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson
struggled to create a nation where the
human mind would be free to study and
to learn and to experiment and to pursue
the truth, wherever it might lead.
It's a time, as those honored here today
have proven, when a single, disciplined,
searching human being can make contributions that affect the lives of people
throughout the world, that change the
way we live and change the way we think.
It's a time too when sharing knowledge is
essential, because so much depends on
knowing and understanding the other
pieces of the human and natural puzzle.
Ours is a time when a supportive and a
free society is crucial, because of a need
for financial and institutional support,
and also because of the fundamental benefits of freedom. The spirit of discovery and
exploration is best nurtured in a climate
where thought and research are unfettered by a state-imposed preconception of
where the truth might be found; in the
older lessons of history they are sometimes
forgotten.
But we've seen recent examples of what
repression does to material progress, as
well as what it does to the human spirit.
China today is grappling with the damage
done to a whole generation, perhaps two
generations, by the restraints on or the
closing of its universities and its laboratories. The Soviet Union, despite its
enormous investment in science and technology, still trails the West in many fields
which it recognizes to be crucial. Even
with its avid efforts to identify scientific
talent early and to develop it and to exploit it, its repressive political system still
stunts scientific progress.
Knowledge knows no national boundaries, but it feeds on the free exchange of
ideas, in a climate that encourages experimentation and innovation. Each
President, like myself, has a duty to deal
with the conditions and crises of the
moment; but we also have a duty as Presidents to provide for the needs and for the
opportunities of the future.
Among the opportunities provided by
the creation of the new Department of
Education, for instance, is the chance to
strengthen scientific education throughout the United States, at all levels of education. We intend to take advantage of
that new opportunity. In addition, we've
instituted apprenticeship programs, to allow university scientists and engineers to
bring young people who might not otherwise have this opportunity, like minority
young people and women, into their
laboratories and classrooms to learn.
With the invaluable help of scientists,
engineers, and administrators within the
Government, I've endeavored to ensure
adequate Government support of our Nation's research and development activities,
and to encourage industrial innovation.
For almost a decade, Government investment in science and technology, particularly in basic research, has been too low.
During the last few years, however, we
have been able to rebuild Federal support
for research and development, a process
now showing substantial, beneficial results.
With my proposed budget for fiscal year
1981, we will have increased Federal support, since I've been President, of basic
research by 40 percent. We've renewed
the emphasis on basic research, also, in all
agencies of Government, not just a few.
We've expanded research and develop
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Jan. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ment programs in energy, of course, and
ensured a balance among promising technologies, including solar energy and the
more advanced technologies.
Most recently, we've turned particular
attention to basic research in the physical
sciences and engineering, which suffered
a net loss of Federal support in real dollars
over the past 20 years. My budget for 1981
also strengthens support in this vital area.
I've also directed a major review of industrial innovation, paying particular attention to the needs and the problems of
small, high technology businesses, which
have fostered, in a special way, innovative ideas in the past. In a recent message
to the Congress I outlined a number of
steps that will improve the climate of innovation. These include changes in the
patent system and in regulatory practices
that have in the past and still inhibit
innovation.
Other proposals will strengthen cooperation between industry and the academic
community in research, and establish
State or regional corporations to encourage new technological developments.
In the heart of scientific enterprise is
the creative work of individual scientists
and engineers. Today we are honoring 20
individuals whose work has had a profound impact on our world, from the computer chip to high octane, no-lead gasoline, to safer, more practical structural
design, and surgical repair of human
nerves.
In honoring them, we also honor the
search for knowledge and for understanding, and we also honor the freedom to
continue that search. I cannot predict,
of course, the scientific or technological
changes that will come in the next century. I am certain, however, that one of
the most important things we can do now
is to support that search, to honor great
achievement, and to prepare those who
will, under freedom, carry on the search
in the future for truth and for knowledge.
Thank you very much. I'm very grateful
to have you here.
[At this point, Frank Press, Director of the
Office of Science and Technology Policy, announced the recipients and cited their achievements as the President presented the awards.
The President then resumed speaking as
follows.]
I'd like to ask the honorees to stay
seated and let the rest of us stand up and
give them a round of applause in appreciation of what they've done. [Applause]
Come on up for a photograph together, if
you don't mind.
Well, they've honored our country, and
they've honored me by being here this
morning. And I know that all of you share
my pride in what they have accomplished
already and what they are going to accomplish in the future.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:08 a.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
The recipients- of the National Medal of
Science for 1979 were: Robert Harza Burris,
Elizabeth C. Crosby, Arthur Kornberg, Severo
Ochoa, Earl Reece Stadtman, George Ledyard
Stebbins, and Paul A. Weiss in the field of
biological sciences; Emmett N. Leith, Raymond
D. Mindlin, Robert N. Noyce, Earl R. Parker,
and Simon Ramo in the field of engineering
sciences; Joseph L. Doob and Donald Ervin
Knuth in the field of mathematical sciences;
and Richard Phillips Feynman, Herman F.
Mark, Edward Mills Purcell, John H. Sinfelt,
Lyman Spitzer, Jr., and Victor F. Weisskopf in
the field of physical sciences.
Meeting With Prime Minister
Adolfo Suarez of Spain
White House Statement. January 14, 1980
The President met today with Prime
Minister Adolfo Suarez of Spain. The two
leaders had a working lunch in the Cab
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Jan. 15
inet Room, with senior officials of both
Governments participating.
The President and the Prime Minister
noted with satisfaction the close relations
between their two countries and discussed
a number of international issues which
are of particular concern to both. These
included the crises in Iran and Afghanistan, the situation in the Middle East,
Latin America and the Caribbean, and
U.S.-Spanish cooperation in Western security matters.
The President, in congratulating the
Prime Minister for his vigorous leadership in the evolution of Spanish democracy, expressed his appreciation and that
of the entire American people for Spain's
support on behalf of the international effort to secure release of American hostages
held by Iran in defiance of universally accepted standards of decency and law. The
President and the Prime Minister agreed
that the principle of the rule of law, vital
to the whole world community, is at stake
in this crisis. The President and the Prime
Minister further agreed that they would
use every effort to convince the Iranian
authorities to release, unharmed, all the
hostages.
The two leaders exchanged views on
the Soviet armed invasion and occupancy
of Afghanistan. They agreed that this
Soviet action, in flagrant violation of the
United Nations Charter, constitutes a
most serious threat to international peace.
In condemning Soviet aggression, the
President and the Prime Minister agreed
on the need to strengthen Western solidarity, as expressed in concrete measures,
to impress upon the Soviet Union the consequences of its conduct.
During their discussion concerning
other areas of interest to both Governments, the President expressed admiration
for the Prime Minister's insights based on
Spanish contacts and historical experience in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin
America. The President welcomed the
constructive suggestions which the Prime
Minister made regarding these parts of
the world and agreed that it would be
useful to intensify U.S.-Spanish consultations on ways in which both countries
could work for peace and stability there.
United States Office of
Consumer Affairs
Appointment of Edward B. Cohen as Deputy
Director. January 15,1980
The President today announced the appointment of Edward B. Cohen, of Washington, D.C., as Deputy Director of the
U.S. Office of Consumer Affairs. He replaces Rodney Leonard, resigned.
Cohen has been General Counsel of the
Office of Consumer Affairs since 1978.
He was born October 13, 1949, in
Washington, D.C. He received a B.A.
from the University of Wisconsin in 1971
and a J.D. from Georgetown University
Law Center in 1974.
From 1971 to 1974, Cohen was on the
staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on
Commerce, and from 1974 to 1977, he
was counsel to that committee. From 1977
to 1978, he was Special Counsel to the
Director of Special Affairs of the U.S.
Office of Consumer Affairs.
Federal Service
Impasses Panel
Reappointment of Two Members.
January 15, 1980
The President today announced the reappointment of two members of the Federal Service Impasses Panel, an agency of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Federal Labor Relations Authority
which provides assistance in resolving
labor negotiation impasses. The persons
reappointed, both for terms expiring
January 10, 1985, are:
JEAN T. MCKELVEY, a professor at Cornell's
School of Industrial and Labor Relations;
and
IRVING BERNSTEIN, a professor of political
science and research associate at the University of California at Los Angeles.
National Afro-American (Black)
History Month, February 1980
Remarks at the Message Signing
Ceremony. January 15, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Dr. Picott, Dr. Thorpe,
Dr. Thomas, Dr. Wesley:
I don't know if there's anyone here who
hasn't got a Ph. D.-[laughter]-except
the President. I don't have one.
Martin Luther King, Jr., said that in
every crisis there are dangers and there
are opportunities. And I think that in our
own country, in the celebration of Black
History Month, your own actions and your
own teachings, the examples that you have
set, have been a profound history lesson
for our Nation in its entirety. There is no
way to separate black history from the
history of our country, because even in
recent years the profound beneficial
changes that have taken place in our societal structure have been primarily
shaped by black Americans.
This is the 51st birthday of Martin
Luther King, Jr. My wife is in Atlanta today speaking to a group along with Coretta King. Last night she and I sat alone
in my study in the White House, talking
about the attitude of the great spiritual
leaders that have shaped our times-the
teachings of Jesus Christ, our Savior; the
example set by Mahatma Gandhi, com
mitted to nonviolence but filled with courage; in our own lifetime the leadership of
many of you working along with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and others, that in a
peaceful way, but an extremely courageous way, shaped the course of history.
Our Nation is theoretically a nation
dedicated to equality of opportunity, to
complete freedom, to the right of selfexpression, to the right of progress, to a
constant hope and idealism, to the resolution of differences, through love and cooperation and peace. We've not always
realized that potential, as you know. But
when our Nation has fallen short, there
have been courageous people to come forward and say what our laws require, that
practices or habits of our people are not
adequate, the hope and promise of the
Founding Fathers, the hope and promise
of our constitutional principles have not
yet been adequately met. And our Nation
has corrected itself and repaired damage
to our own society and to our country
itself through the courage of people like
many of you and people like Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr., whose birthday we celebrate today.
I'm grateful as President to the leadership represented here, because you've
probed deeply within the consciousness of
America and brought forward not only
our fallibilities and our mistakes but action which can correct those mistakes, and
it has not always been easy, as you well
know. Sometimes black ministers, men
and women of God, and sometimes black
teachers, men and women of knowledge,
have joined together. Sometimes you've
been the same person. I don't think there's
ever been a more vivid melding of teachers and worshipers in history, so far as I
know, that have courageously shaped the
course of the lives of human beings.
I'm very grateful to designate February
again as a time for reassessment of what
we are, who we are, what we've done,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 15
what our opportunities have been, those
that we've realized, and the hopes and
dreams that not yet have been made a part
of Americans' lives. As black human rights
have been ensured, all Americans have
benefited, and in the process we have
cleansed ourselves and taken our Nation
another major step forward toward the
realization of all those hopes and dreams
which we share, regardless of our race or
regardless of our color or regardless of our
historical origins or regardless of our religious beliefs.
I'm very deeply grateful to you for
being here with me today. You've honored us by coming. And I feel that I'm part
of you, because, as President, I share with
you the responsibility for making this a
greater America, and I have no doubt
that together we can accomplish that
noble goal.
Thank you very much. And now I'd
like to sign the proclamation.
[At this point, the President signed the
message.]
Sixty-fifth year, right?
DR. PICOTT. Sixty-fifth is right.
THE PRESIDENT. I know that your
DR. PICOTT. I'd like the pen. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. All right. Well, Dr.
Picott, let me give you one
DR. PICOTT. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. and I'll give Dr.
Thorpe the other.
DR. THORPE. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. I notice that your
founding father has also had a very fine
first name, right-Carter? [Laughter]
I'll just read the last paragraph. "I urge
schools and communities throughout this
Nation to encourage the study of our past,
to plan projects and programs to commemorate important historical events and
movements and to highlight those whose
lives have made a difference. I urge all
Americans to take this opportunity to
learn about our heritage and to participate fully in our democratic system."
I want to thank all of you. And now,
if you don't mind, I would like to stand
over by the door and greet every one of
you personally and shake your hand and
thank you for coming.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:18 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House. In his
opening remarks, he referred to J. Rupert
Picott, executive director, Earl E. Thorpe, president, Charles Walker Thomas, former president, and Charles H. Wesley, executive director
emeritus, all of the Association for the Study
of Afro-American Life and History.
National Afro-American (Black)
History Month, February 1980
Message of the President.
January 15, 1980
The Association for the Study of AfroAmerican Life and History can be justly
proud of the contributions of its members
to scholarship in a long-neglected field. As
you celebrate your 65th anniversary this
year, you can also take great pleasure in
an accomplishment even rarer and more
difficult for serious scholars-you have
sparked public awareness and broadened
the knowledge and interest of all Americans in their history.
Since your founder, Carter G. Woodson, initiated Afro-American (Black) History Month, this annual observance has
become an important tradition throughout the nation. By making people aware
of the achievements and contributions of
black Americans from the earliest history
of our people, you have helped to correct
the record and brought all Americans a
better understanding of their past.
To understand the present, to solve its
problems and meet its challenges, we must
understand our history. Through this annual observance, you have helped give
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
young black people the knowledge of their
roots and the facts of their proud heritage.
The history of black Americans is the
record of America's battle with itself to
establish the principles of justice, freedom and equal opportunity on which it
was founded. It is a record of perseverance and anonymous sacrifice by both
black and white Americans over many
years. It is a record of calm conviction
that overcame the power of hatred and
fear and entrenched ignorance. It is -a
record of human failure and cruelty, but
also of human courage and commitment.
It is important that all Americans know
and understand the true meaning of that
record.
Your theme for this year's black history
month, "Heritage for America," emphasizes the interest of the Association in encouraging all Americans to study all of
our history.
I urge schools and communities
throughout the nation to encourage the
study of our past, to plan projects and
programs to commemorate important historical events and movements and to highlight those whose lives made a difference.
I urge all Americans to take this opportunity to learn about our heritage and to
participate fully in our democratic
system.
JIMMY CARTER
President's Award for
Distinguished Federal
Civilian Service
Announcement of the Selection of Six
Persons To Receive the Award.
January 15, 1980
The President today announced the
selection of six persons to receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal
Civilian Service, the highest award that
can be granted to Federal civilian employees. The award was established in
1957 and is presented "with profound appreciation, highest esteem, and great personal satisfaction" to a small number of
individuals each year.
The six recipients, and the citations
from their awards, are:
Alfred L. Atherton, now U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, for his work on negotiation in the Middle East peace talks:
"A career diplomat, he served with distinction as principal negotiator in the
Middle East Peace talks, undertaking
complex and arduous missions following
the Camp David Summit.
"Through his efforts, confidence in our
objectivity and commitment to peace was
enhanced and differences between the
principals were significantly narrowed,
representing a major contribution to
negotiation of a peaceful settlement between Egypt and Israel."
Thomas S. Austin, former Director
(now retired) of the Environmental Data
and Information Service at the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:
"A recognized world authority on
marine science and scientific data management, he improved user services, reduced
costs, and developed Federal capabilities
responsive to critical national problems.
"He helped shape national and international policies in marine science and environmental information management
and developed capabilities of our Government to help solve problems in the
critical areas of energy, global food needs,
environmental problems and the development of the coastal zone."
Sidney N. Graybeal, Director of
Strategic Research at the Central Intelligence Agency:
"An acknowledged expert in the intelligence community, he has been instru
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 16
mental in applying intelligence processes
to vital national security issues and has
played a central role in U.S. Arms Control
policy.
"Through his leadership, perseverance,
fairness, and negotiating skills in a series
of assignments of critical importance to
the United States, he has successfully advanced our national security interests at
the highest levels."
Leonard Niederlehner, Deputy General
Counsel at the Department of Defense:
"A legal administrator of the highest
caliber, his advice on the multitude of
complex issues in which the Department
becomes involved has been of great significance to our Nation's defense.
"His ability to resolve disagreements
and develop consistent positions on Department issues is a tribute to his skills as
a lawyer and negotiator, and his analytical
and managerial abilities and dedication
represent the highest standards of performance."
Harold H. Saunders, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and
South Asian Affairs:
"A distinguished diplomat, he has made
a significant contribution to the cause of
peace in the Middle East through his extensive knowledge and creative approaches.
"Successfully managing a widely divergent group of support personnel, he provided essential elements upon which the
framework agreements reached at the
Camp David Summit were based, thus
making a major contribution to the success of these negotiations."
Dorothy L. Starbuck, Chief Benefits
Director of the Veterans Administration:
"An able administrator and inspiring
leader in the Department of Veterans
Benefits, she has shown dedication to and
compassion for the welfare of all veterans
and their families.
"Her outstanding leadership in imple
menting a computerized records system,
administering an Outreach Program, and
realigning the Department's geographical
structure resulted in improved services at
reduced costs and represents the highest
degree of excellence in public administration."
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer
Session With Editors and News Directors.
January 15, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Well, first of all, let me
welcome you all to the White House. I
hope you have had an interesting and a
fruitful morning, not only with your
answers that you've received here but with
the questions that you've asked. It's very
helpful to us to hear from all of you from
around the Nation.
THE SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN AND
IRAN
I'd like to open by saying that I believe
that we are now facing one of the most
serious threats to peace since the Second
World War, with the invasion by the Soviet Union and the brutal attempt to repress the independent people of Afghanistan in this last, very most serious crisis
that our Nation faces and has observed.
The world has condemned the Soviet
Union in an almost unprecedented way,
with 104 nations in the United Nations
voting to condemn the presence of the Soviet troops and demanding that they be
withdrawn-from Afghanistan. Only 18 nations supported the Soviets' position, and
those were nations that were either completely dominated by the Soviet Union or
heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union
for their existence in an economic and
viable way.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This expression of condemnation and
abhorrence was indeed very widespread,
not only the nations adjacent to the Soviet
Union, which are under threat, but also
among the Islamic countries located
throughout the world and, of course,
among nations which are industrialized
and/or developing themselves at this time.
This threat to peace is one that deeply
concerns our own country, and we have
taken action which has been forceful and,
I believe, punitive to the Soviet Union, to
convince them that the consequences of
their invasion will not be light. We've
forbidden their fishing rights in our
waters. We have interrupted the delivery
of large quantities of grain. We've
interrupted high technology sales to the
Soviet Union. And we are now consulting
with our allies, in Europe and other places
throughout the world, to see what other
steps might be advisable.
This is only one of the two major questions that our Nation must resolve-the
other, of course, being the illegal kidnaping of the innocent American hostages,
and their being held with the support of
the Iranian officials themselves. Again, we
are taking action in accordance with our
own Nation's best interests. We're being
consistent, and I hope effective. We're
protecting not only the lives of the hostages, but also maintaining a strong, supportive role among a majority of the nations of the world.
No one can predict the outcome of these
two threats against peace, one involving
an invasion, a military attempt to take
over the independent country, another
one an act of international terrorism. But
we are doing the best we can. And I've
been very pleased at the resolve and the
courage and the unity of the American
people.
We are preparing now for the return of
the Congress. I'll be making a State of the
Union speech on the 23d. The Congress
has a heavy agenda before it. Some major
items carried over from this previous year,
particularly the three energy bills. And of
course we'll be presenting a budget for
fiscal year 1981 at approximately the same
time.
I think it might be good for me to
answer your questions now. Go ahead.
QUESTIONS
SOUTHWEST WATER PROJECTS
Q. Water is a critical issue to those of us
living in Arizona-Nina Trasoff, KGUNTV [Tucson]. The Central Arizona Project was a water project that your administration cut out and then reinstated. And
what I'd like to know now is what the
level of support you have for that water
project, which is so vital to our cities,
Southwest. Are you still strongly in support of it, just helping us get the water that
we need so desperately?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know the latest
status of it. As you know, the Congress has
acted on the Central Arizona Project, a
major water project for Arizona. And I
presume that the published plans of the
Corps of Engineers and the Interior Department, one or the other, is being carried out. I've not been involved in the
latest exact schedule for financing, but so
far as I know the Congress has acted. As
you know, I didn't approve the project
as it was originally conceived, and I have
no idea that it's been changed in recent
weeks.
Q. No, there have been no changes since
it was reinstated. I was mostly questioning your continuing support for the varying ways to get water resources to the
Southwest.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't know of
any interruption in the project. And I am
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 16
in favor of getting adequate water. I just
don't want to waste money.
Q. One water question is your decision
to implement a very old bill, Federal
water being supplied to farms, and that
the farmer would have to live within 50
miles of that farm in order to qualify for
the Federal water
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know about
that.
Q. It had to do with-I think it was
trying to keep large corporations from
taking over small family farms.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, as you know,
we've had major legislation in the Congress to deal with Federal lands, lands for
which Federal water is supplied, in California, primarily, and a few other States.
But the limit there is one in compliance
with the 1903 law that limits, I think, 160
acres to a family. We have modified that,
I think, to 320 acres. And the Congress
is now considering what to do. That bill
has not been passed by both Houses of
Congress.
Q. Is there any consideration of perhaps
letting a person living farther than 50
miles from their farm, that they might still
get the Federal water?
THE PRESIDENT. I think it's varied by
river basins. But the Secretary of the Interior's proposal is the one that I support.
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT
Q. Mr. President, a few months ago
you seemed to have a crisis of confidence,
in that the polls showed that the people
of America had little confidence in your
ability to run the Government. And now
the public seems to be giving you a vote of
confidence, if you believe the polls. Why
do you think the change took place?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think the public opinion polls go up and down. I've
been at peaks and I've been in valleys. As
far as political considerations are concerned, the only poll that counts is on
election day in a particular State or in
the Nation next November.
I really don't know how to answer the
question adequately. I think that my administration has deserved the support of
the people from the beginning. We've obviously not been perfect, but I think we've
had a good, constructive, solid, consistent
approach to America's domestic and foreign problems.
Some have been very difficult, and the
slow action of the Congress, for instance,
has created frustration, not only here in
my own administration but among the
people. Energy, for instance, is a crucial
issue. We've been wrestling with the
energy question since April of 1977, when
I presented a comprehensive policy to the
Congress.
We've had good success at times: with
the Mideast peace treaty, for instance, a
highly publicized, partial success-we are
still working on it. And we've had times
when inflation was considered to be the
utmost issue, and we have not been successful in dealing with inflation. The overdependence on foreign oil is one reason.
We've had good success with unemployment. So, I think it's been a mixed bag as
far as people's impression of whether I
was being successful at a particular time.
We have been persistent.
Another thing is that our Nation has
faced in recent months, the last 2 months,
a little more, a threat to world peace. And
I think at a time like this the President's
voice is heard very clearly. I've had a
chance to speak and let the American
people understand the considerations that
I've had to face, and understand the decisions that I've made. I think basically
we've taken the right steps to meet the
threat to our hostages in Iran, more recently the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
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Jan. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And the last point is that as long as I
didn't have any clearly identifiable political opponents, there is obviously an inclination to compare me with some perfect image of what a President ought to
be: a tall, distinguished, handsome, grayhaired-[laughter]-articulate, and so
forth-and all religions, depending on
what religion the voter might happen to
be, and so forth. But I think once it got
down to a matter of me versus specific human beings who also sought the Presidency, that factor was minimized.
But I anticipate the polls to change in
the future. Right now they seem to be
fairly good. But we'll be watching with
interest to see how the primary elections
come out.
PRESIDENT S CAMPAIGN PLANS
Q. Mr. President, you're supposed to be
in California campaigning next month.
Campaign Chairman Strauss was at
Fresno last Friday, and he said that campaign planning has to be done on about a
30-day basis and that he could not guarantee that the plans might not have to be
changed due to circumstances, particularly in view of the Iran hostage situation
and the Russian presence in Afghanistan.
Can you explain when you feel that the
exigencies of the political campaign, the
American election process, will require
you to give a higher priority to the reelection campaign itself?
THE PRESIDENT. It's hard for me to
set a date. What I have tried to forgoand on some stretches of days what I have
had to forgo-is the involvement of myself
as a clearly identifiable, partisan campaigner, as a substitute for the President
of our country. There have been times
when I could not have left here had I
wanted to, and there have been other
times when I have felt that I needed to
have a nonpartisan support for me as
President.
I think if I should change into a highly
partisan campaigner, there would be a
sense of belief among the American people
that the intense interest in the American
hostages, for instance, had been decreased.
And obviously, as long as the United Nations is voting, as each vote is important,
as I need to call foreign leaders, as I need
to consult with the Secretary of Defense
and the Secretary of State on a continuing
basis, have frequent meetings all during
the day with key leaders of our country,
you and others-there's a meeting going
on in the White House now that Secretary
Vance is briefing-to acquaint the Nation with what our problems are and what
our possible solutions to those problems
are, it's better for me not to assume the
role of a partisan political campaigner.
I have left open the option of going
from Washington when my presence here
could be spared. But even then I would
not want to go to a fundraising event for
myself, or to participate in a strictly partisan event, until I consider the alleviation
of these crises to be adequate.
Q. It's your intention now to go to California, though, in February?
THE PRESIDENT. That's my present intention, but I cannot assert that I will be
there.
RELATIONS WITH ALLIED NATIONS
Q. Mr. President, you mentioned in
your opening remarks the talks underway
in Europe with our allies on other steps
in the Afghanistan crisis. Could you, without getting into too much detail, give us
some of the options that might be available here? What are some of the other
possibilities?
THE PRESIDENT. The consultations in
Europe are more broad-ranging than just
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 16
Afghanistan. They involve Iran, and they
involve other things as well. It's hard to
single out any particular item, but this is
not a late-developing commitment of our
country. Let me just very quickly go down
a list of things, without going into detail
on any.
Since I've been in office we have seen
the need for a stronger national defense.
And every one of the years that I've been
in office, all 3 years-I've just prepared
the fourth budget-we've had a real increase in the commitment to the defense
capability of our Nation, above and beyond inflationary trends.
Secondly, we've tried to revitalize
NATO-which was somewhat dispirited
3 years ago-with an increase in defense
commitment there, with long-range 15 -year planning, with the sharing of weapons
systems, more recently with the theater
nuclear force. We've tried to open up
friendships with people who were previously adversaries of ours, or at least not
friendly-with China, for instance, without destroying the trade relationships and
the friendships that exist between ourselves and Taiwan.
We've strengthened our military presence in the North Indian Ocean, the
Arabian Sea. And we are now exploring
the possibility of establishing military facilities there to serve our airplanes and
our ships in the Persian Gulf region.
We've recommitted ourselves to the capability of Pakistan to successfully defend
itself.
We've had, I think, a major step forward in the Mideast peace negotiations,
to remove the animosity that previously
debilitated to some degree Israel and
Egypt, as they look upon each other as
enemies rather than friends. And these
kinds of things will continue in the future.
We are consulting very closely with our
allies. When our hostages were seized,
when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan,
the first step I took was to consult with
other like-minded nations to deal with
these threats to peace and with international terrorism.
But it would be ill-advised, I think, for
me to specify particular things that we are
talking to them about now. We are trying
to carry out the United Nations desire,
as expressed by overwhelming votes, in
dealing with both these matters; and to
strengthen countries that might be threatened; and to alleviate tensions that exist
because of the Soviet invasion and the
capture of our hostages. But as far as
specific commitments, it would be better
not to speak about them until we can permit the other allies to speak for themselves.
Q. Could I just follow that up briefly?
Do you think the Soviet Union has been
surprised by the reaction to theirTHE PRESIDENT. My opinion is that
they have been surprised not only by the
trade restraints that I have imposed but
also by the overwhelming condemnation
voted by the U.N. I think the Soviets felt
that they could take this action with just
a minimal adverse reaction. I consider it
to be more serious than their suppression
of the uprising, for instance, in Czechoslovakia 10 or 11 years ago, in 1969, because this was an independent country, a
nonaligned country, a deeply religious
country that the Soviets went into with invading forces and subjugated. This is
quite a radical departure from what they
had done in the years since the Second
World War.
And it has much greater strategic implications for us, with its threat to Pakistan, with its threat to Iran, with its threat
to 90 percent of the exportable oil supplies
in the world. And my belief is, based on
evidence, that the Soviets have been somewhat chastened and surprised by the
strong reaction in the other nations in the
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Jan. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
world, as exemplified by the U.N. vote,
and also that other countries have rallied
along with us to lead action that would
restrain the Soviets repeating this in the
future.
I don't know what the future holds, but
I'm resolved not to back off on our commitment to hold the Soviets responsible
for what they've done.
GRAIN SALES EMBARGO
Q. Mr. President, I'm from Iowa, Sioux
City-27 miles from Lemars. Secretary
Bergland
THE PRESIDENT. Would you like to take
my seat at the head of the table?
[Laughter]
Q. Secretary Bergland just returned
from a rather extensive trip into Iowa,
talking about the grain embargo. What
type of report did he give to you upon his
return to Washington?
THE PRESIDENT. To simplify an answer
I'd say two things: one, the evident interest of the Iowa farmers in my administration's commitment not to let them suffer
because of the interruption of grain sales
to the Soviet Union-and Bergland's belief is that he adequately reassured them,
as evidenced by the stability of the present
grain market; secondly, the high degree
of patriotism and support that was evident
among the Iowa people for the action that
we took against the Soviet Union.
ENERGY POLICY
Q. You and other people seem to have
had a tough time persuading the American people that there really is an energy
crisis and that they really ought to do
something about it in terms of conservation. It seemed that immediately after the
hostages were taken in Iran that there
would have been support to take really
drastic conservation methods, in cutting
back our imports of petroleum. Why
wasn't such an effort undertaken at that
time?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the effort is ongoing. I can only take action commensurate with my authority. The Congress now
has three major bills that are being considered that will conclude the major portion of a comprehensive energy policy that
I think will be almost adequate. All three
of those bills have passed the House and
the Senate. All three of those bills are in
separate conference committees for final
resolution, and I anticipate that they will
be adequate enough for my signature.
There is one unmet need, and that is
authority that I must have for the imposition of gasoline rationing. The present bill
does authorize the Secretary of Energy to
prepare a rationing plan, and he's working
on that fervently. But the law as presently
passed, which I signed this past year, requires that there be a 20-percent shortage
of gasoline before rationing is imposed. A
20-percent shortage of gasoline in our
country would be quite damaging to our
economy, so I would like to remove that
20-percent requirement..
We have had the first evidence that the
new energy policy is being effective. Now,
for instance, gasoline consumption in our
Nation is about 7 or 8 percent less than it
was a year ago. There's been an almost
radical turning away of American motorists from the very large, wasteful automobiles toward more efficient automobiles,
as you know. And in fact, in 1979 we imported 5 percent less oil than the previous
year-that's the total crude oil importedwhich was contrary to a spiraling increase
which had been evident in years before
that.
With the decontrol of natural gas being
assured over a long, carefully phased
period of time, we've had much more
plentiful supplies of natural gas throughout the Nation, more production and more
plentiful supplies. And the phased decon
92
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 16
trol of oil, in my opinion, will enhance
the production of domestic oil. We now
have more oil drilling rigs, natural gas
drilling rigs combined, in operation than
we've had in the last 21 years. And I think
there's a new sense of urgency extant in
the Nation, which will be mirrored in the
Congress, because of the Iranian and
Afghanistan threats.
So, I believe that we are now doing
about as much as can be done. But Congress must act expeditiously and give me
additional authority to ration gas if I consider it to be necessary.
1980 PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy
has been quoted in Iowa, after the Des
Moines Register-Tribune came out with
57 percent in favor of you, as saying you
would have to win by 57 or it would be a
bad defeat. [Laughter] Closer to home, in
New Hampshire, he said a winner is the
person who wins.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. Now, I'm from Massachusetts, and
I'd just like to know how much do you
think he's going to have to win by in Massachusetts to show he's a winner close to
home. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. I think he made the
more accurate analysis closer to home.
I don't know. To me the election results
have always been an indication of who
won: the one who gets the most delegates
or the most votes ordinarily is considered
to be the one who wins. I don't know how
to comment any further than that.
I don't know what's going to happen in
Iowa. I don't know what's going to happen in Massachusetts or New Hampshire.
We'll just have to judge each one as it
comes.
Q. Are you hopeful, Mr. President?
THE PRESIDENT. Oh, yes. I've always
been confident. [Laughter]
CUBAN TROOP ACTIVITY
Q. I'm Bill Bayer from Miami. A number of us in south Florida keep looking
just a hundred-odd miles away, and
there's Castro still exporting his troops for
the Russians. And there-in fact, what
triggered my question was a cartoon in
the Miami News, from the Dayton Daily
News, that shows you calling Brezhnev.
And you ask Brezhnev on the phone,
"Why are Russian troops invading
Afghanistan?" And Brezhnev says, "All
the Cubans were busy." [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I saw that.
Q. But the point is that Castro is still
exporting his revolution to Grenada. That
was one of the votes against us in the U.N.,
right, and Cuba? And he's got his cherished squads in Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Salvador, Nicaragua,
Jamaica, as far as we know, Panama, all
over. The thought keeps occurring to a
number of us who live down there next to
Castro: why can't we blockade Cuba
until the Russians, say, they can't get in,
they can't get out until Castro brings his
troops home. And then the Russians will
have to send their own troops in place of
Castro's troops-and are wondering about
why we can't.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, a blockade is
really-I think it would be considered the
same as a declaration of war against
Cuba. As you know, we imposed a blockade temporarily, began to impose one.
when the Russian missiles were there,
early in the 1960's. And then we withdrew
the blockade when the Russian missiles
designed to attack our own country were
removed, retaining thereafter an embargo of trade with Cuba.
I'm also concerned about Cuba's adventurism, not only in Latin America but
in Africa, in Angola, and also, as you
know, in the northeastern corner of Africa,
in the Horn, particularly in Ethiopia. But
93
Jan. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I don't believe it would be advisable for
us to try to establish a blockade around
Cuba. This, I think, would be unwarranted at the present time.
My own sense about Cuba is not one of
fear, but one of deep concern, and the
arousing of public opinion against Cuba.
Cuba had a very severe setback, in my
opinion, when they failed to get even the
full support of the nonaligned countries
in their effort to be a member of the Security Council. And we have, I think, the
right attitude toward Cuba and the Soviet
Union. One is a deep concern about
Cuba's effort to intrude in other countries; an awareness of their limited success
in this hemisphere, because people know
them by their stripes; and third, a decision which I have perpetuated from
previous Presidents, that we not go to
war with Cuba by trying to impose a
blockade around them.
Q. In following up on that, do you
think then that Cuba will ever bring its
troops home?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know. Angola,
for instance, the leaders of Angola, both
the present President and the previous
one, Neto, who died, said that when
Namibia was given its independence, and
South African troops got away from their
southern border, then the need for Cuban
troops would no longer be extant. You
can take that or leave it. I'm not convinced that that's an accurate analysis,
but I think that the likelihood of Cuba
as to having an early withdrawal of their
troops and bringing them home is unlikely.
My hope is that the countries that have
welcomed into their borders Cuban troops
and have signed the so-called peace and
friendship agreements with the Soviet
Union have seen in the Afghanistan situation the threat to their own independence. I don't think that it's accurate to
say that Angola is an independent country as long as they've got thirty or forty
thousand Cuban troops there. And I don't
think that Ethiopia has any sure belief
any longer that if they wanted Russian
and Cuban troops to leave that they
would indeed leave.
My belief is and my hope is that many
of the nonaligned countries that previously did give support to Castro and quite
often voted, almost always, with the Soviet Union and against the Western democratic nations have now reversed themselves, because they see that the real threat
to them is not democracy, it's not freedom,
but it's the totalitarian influence of Cuba
and the Soviet Union.
I believe the other nations of the world
are learning their lesson-the hard way, in
the case of Afghanistan. But it has been a
very vivid lesson that I think will lessen
in the future the willingness of those countries to have Cuban troops within their
borders.
Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. We have
just a moment. As you all leave I'd like
to stand by the door and shake hands and
thank everyone for coming, and maybe
get a photograph.
NOTE: The interview began at 1: 35 p.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y.
Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary.
The transcript of the interview was released
on January 16.
Customs Valuation Agreement
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate on an Amendment
to the Agreement. January 16,1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
During 1979 we achieved a remarkable series of improvements in the inter
94
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 1 6
national rules for the conduct of trade,
domestic legislation governing trade
policy, and the organization of the Executive branch trade policy agencies.
These successes were the result of a cooperative effort between the Congress and
the Executive which must be continued
if we are going to conduct successfully our
international economic policy.
At the end of the Tokyo Round of the
Multilateral Trade Negotiations last year,
we had not yet completed negotiations
with a significant number of developing
countries on the Customs Valuation
Agreement. Despite this fact, we decided
to submit the Customs Valuation Agreement to the Congress together with the
other nontariff barrier codes for approval.
Negotiations with developing countries
have continued, however, and have
reached a point such that I can now
notify the Congress of my intention to
enter into a supplementary agreement on
customs valuation.
The new agreement would make a
minor amendment to the Customs Valuation Agreement already approved by the
Congress. This amendment would eliminate one of the four tests under the Agreement by which related parties can establish a transaction value for customs purposes, i.e., the use of the transaction value
from unrelated parties' sales of identical
goods from third countries (Article 1.2
(b) (iv) ). This amendment will have
little impact on the Customs Valuation
Agreement but will greatly facilitate acceptance of that Agreement by a significant number of developing countries. All
the developed country signatories to the
Agreement support the amendment.
In accordance with the Trade Act of
1974 procedures for approval and implementation of trade agreements, the
United States Trade Representative and
other appropriate agencies will consult
with Congressional committees about the
agreement for the next 90 calendar days.
After the agreement has been signed it
will be submitted for Congressional approval together with proposed implementing legislation and a statement of administrative action necessary or appropriate to implement the agreement in the
United States. The agreement will not
take effect with respect to the United
States, and will not have domestic legal
force, unless the Congress approves it
and enacts the appropriate implementing
legislation.
Congressional approval of the amendment to the Customs Valuation Agreement will help us obtain broader support
for the Tokyo Round agreements by developing countries. This result will advance our national interest and enhance
the prosperity of our people. I look forward to working together in this continuing effort.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:15 p.m., January 16, 1980]
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate. The text is
also printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of January 18, 1980.
Pennsylvania Avenue
Development Corporation
Designation of Thomas F. Murphy as
Acting Chairman. January 16,1980
The President today announced that
he has designated Thomas F. Murphy as
Acting Chairman of the Pennsylvania
Avenue Development Corporation, replacing the late Joseph Danzansky.
95
Jan. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Murphy, 70, is chairman of the Masonry Industry Committee. He was president of the Bricklayers International
Union from 1966 to 1979.
Price Controls on Heavy Crude
Oil
Executive Order 12189. January 16,1980
DEFINITION OF HEAVY OIL
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, including
the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et
seq.), and in order to provide that certain
oil is exempt from price controls on and
after August 17, 1979, and that other oil
is exempt on and after December 21,
1979, it is hereby ordered that Executive
Order No. 12153 of August 17, 1979, as
amended by Executive Order No. 12186
of December 21, 1979, is amended to read
as follows:
"1-101. Prices charged in the first sale
of heavy crude oil are exempted from
price controls adopted pursuant to the
Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of
1973, as amended. This exemption shall
only apply to heavy crude oil as it is defined, and for the time period to which
the definition is applicable, as set forth in
this Order.".
"1-102. Effective August 17, 1979
through December 20, 1979, "heavy crude
oil' means all crude oil produced from a
property, but only if, during the last
month prior to July 1979 in which crude
oil was produced and sold from that property, such crude oil had a weighted aver
age gravity of 16.0~ API or less, corrected
to 60~ Fahrenheit.".
"1-103. Effective December 21, 1979
and thereafter, 'heavy crude oil' means all
crude oil produced from a property, but
only if, during the last month prior to
July 1979 in which crude oil was produced and sold from that property, such
crude oil had a weighted average gravity
of 20.0~ API or less, corrected to
60~ Fahrenheit.".
"1-104. The Secretary of Energy may,
pursuant to Executive Order No. 11790,
as amended by Executive Order No.
12038, adopt such regulations as he deems
necessary to implement this Order.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 16, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:16 p.m., January 16, 1980]
National Council on Educational
Research
Nomination of Five Members.
January 16, 1980
The President today announced five
persons whom he will nominate as members of the National Council on Educational Research for terms expiring September 30, 1981. They are:
TOMAS A. ARCINIEGA, dean of the School of
Education of San Diego State University,
for reappointment;
JON L. HARKNESS, of Wausau, Wis., a science
specialist and physics teacher with the school
district of Wausau;
HAROLD L. ENARSON, president of Ohio State
University;
BARBARA S. UEHLING, chancellor and professor
of psychology at the University of MissouriColumbia;
BERNARD C. WATSON, vice president for academic affairs at Temple University.
96
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 17
Import Relief for the Porcelainon-Steel Cookware Industry
Proclamation 4713. January 16, 1980
TEMPORARY DUTY INCREASE ON THE
IMPORTATION INTO THE UNITED
STATES OF CERTAIN NONELECTRIC
COOKING WARE OF STEEL
By the President of the United States
A Proclamation
1. Pursuant to section 201(d)(1) of
the Trade Act of 1974 (the Trade Act)
(19 U.S.C. 2251 (d)(1)), the United
States International Trade Commission
(USITC), on November 5, 1979, reported to the President (USITC Report
201-39) the results of its investigation
under section 201 (b) of the Trade Act
(19 U.S.C. 2251(b)). The USITC determined that nonelectric cooking ware
of steel, enameled or glazed with vitreous
glasses, is being imported into the United
States in such increased quantities as to
be a substantial cause of serious injury, or
the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing articles like or directly competitive with the imported articles. The
subject articles are now provided for in
item 654.02 of the Tariff Schedules of the
United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202)
(formerly provided for in item 653.97,
TSUS). The USITC recommended the
imposition of additional duties on imports
of the above specified articles.
2. On January 2, 1980, pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the Trade Act (19
U.S.C. 2252(b) (1)), and after taking
into account the considerations specified
in section 202(c) of the Trade Act (19
U.S.C. 2252 (c)), I determined to remedy
or prevent the injury or threat thereof,
found to exist by the USITC, by proclaiming a temporary duty increase. On
January 2, 1980, in accordance with sec
tion 203(b)(1) of the Trade Act (19
U.S.C. 2253 (b) (1)), I transmitted a report to the Congress setting forth my determination and intention to proclaim a
temporary duty increase and stating the
reasons why my decision differed from the
action recommended by the USITC.
3. Section 503(c) (2) of the Trade Act
(19 U.S.C. 2463(c) (2)) provides that no
article shall be eligible for purposes of
the Generalized System of Preferences
(GSP) for any period during which such
article is the subject of any action proclaimed pursuant to section 203 of the
Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253).
4. Section 203(e) (1) of the Trade Act
(19 U.S.C. 2253(e)(1)) requires that
import relief be proclaimed and take
effect within 15 days after the import relief determination date.
5. Pursuant to section 203 (a) (1) and
203(e) (1) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C.
2253(a) (1) and 2253(e) (1)), I am providing import relief through the temporary increase of the import duty on certain nonelectric cooking ware of steel, as
hereinafter proclaimed.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of
America, acting under the authority
vested in me by the Constitution and the
statutes of the United States, including
General Headnote 4 of the TSUS (19
U.S.C. 1202), section 604 and section 203
of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2483; and
19 U.S.C. 2253), and in accordance with
Articles I and XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
(61 Stat. (pt. 5) A12 and 61 Stat. (pt. 5)
A58; 8 UST (pt. 2) 1786), do proclaim
that(1) Part I of Schedule XX to the
GATT is modified to conform to
the actions taken as set forth in
the Annex to this proclamation.
(2) Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix
to the TSUS is modified as set
97
be- ~-U-* lr~rr lrl-~~l*ll
Jan. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
forth in the Annex to this proclamation.
(3) GSP eligibility is suspended for the
nonelectric cooking ware of steel
classified under TSUS item 923.60
as added by the Annex to this
proclamation for such time as the
import relief provided for therein
is in effect.
(4) This proclamation shall be effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after January 17,
1980, and before the close of January 16, 1984, unless the period of
its effectiveness is earlier expressly
suspended, modified or terminated.
(5) The Commissioner of Customs
shall take such action as the U.S.
Trade Representative shall direct
in the implementation and administration of the import relief herein
proclaimed.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12:05 p.m., January 17, 1980]
NOTE: The annex is printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of January 18, 1980.
The proclamation was announced on January 17.
Department of the Army
Nomination of Robert Harry Spiro, Jr., To
Be Under Secretary. January 17, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Robert Harry Spiro, Jr., of
Jacksonville, Fla., to be Under Secretary
of the Army. He would replace Walter
LaBerge, resigned.
Spiro has been president of Jacksonville
University since 1964.
He was born December 5, 1920, in
Asheville, N.C. He received a B.S. from
Wheaton College in 1941 and a Ph. D.
from the University of Edinburgh (Scotland) in 1950. He served in the U.S. Navy
from 1941 to 1945.
From 1946 to 1950, Spiro was an associate professor of history at King College
in Bristol, Tenn. From 1950 to 1957, he
was a professor of history at Mississippi
College. He was president of Blue Ridge
Assembly, Inc., in 1960.
From 1960 to 1964, he was dean of the
College of Liberal Arts and professor of
history at Mercer University, Macon, Ga.
As president of Jacksonville University,
Spiro has overseen its expansion from a
junior college to a liberal arts university,
with large increases in numbers of faculty,
volumes in the library, buildings, and programs available.
Department of the Navy
Nomination of Robert J. Murray To Be
Under Secretary. January 17, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Robert J. Murray, of Alexandria, Va., to be Under Secretary of the
Navy. He would replace Robert James
Woolsey, Jr., resigned.
Murray has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs since 1978.
He was born August 30, 1934, in Marlborough, Mass. He received a B.S. from
Suffolk University in 1961 and an M.P.A.
from Harvard University in 1966.
From 1969 to 1972, Murray was political attache at the American Embassy in
London. From 1973 to 1975, he was Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense. From 1975 to 1976, he
98
III
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 17
was Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
for Manpower and Reserve Affairs.
From 1977 to 1978, Murray was a consultant to the Office of the Secretary of
Defense.
Meeting With Vice President
Muhammad Husni Mubarak of
Egypt
White House Statement. January 17, 1980
The President and Vice President Mubarak met for 30 minutes in the Oval
Office and covered a wide range of issues,
focusing primarily on the situation in the
Middle East and Southwest Asia. Vice
President Mubarak briefed the President
on the recent Aswan meeting between
President Sadat and Prime Minister
Begin. The President discussed the forthcoming visit to the Middle East of Ambassador Linowitz.
The President and Vice President Mubarak stressed the importance they place
on sustained movement in the autonomy
talks within the framework of the Camp
David accords.
The President and Vice President Mubarak expressed their shared abhorrence
of the Soviet attack on the religious and
nationalist-minded Muslim people of
Afghanistan.
The President expressed his gratitude
for Egypt's friendship and cooperation.
West-to-East Crude Oil
Transportation System
White House Statement on the President's
Approval of the Pipeline System.
January 17, 1980
Pursuant to the congressional directive
expressed in Title V of the Public Utility
and Regulatory Policies Act of 1978, the
President is required to evaluate a number of criteria and consult with various
Federal agency heads in order to determine whether any of the applicants for a
crude oil transportation system that would
serve Northern Tier and inland States is
in the national interest. Based on his concern for the potential crude oil supply
deficiencies in the Northern Tier States
and economic and energy security factors,
the President has decided that a west-toeast transportation system is in the national interest.
The President has decided to accept the
recommendation of Secretary of the Interior Andrus and approve the proposal
of the Northern Tier Pipeline Company,
for purposes of Sections 508, 509, 510,
and 511 of Title V. These sections confer
special procedural and other opportunities on Northern Tier while it seeks the
financial backing and throughput agreements to permit the system's construction.
If Northern Tier is unable to secure adequate financial support within a year
from the date of the President's approval,
or 6 months following the Washington
State Energy Facility Siting and Evaluation Council's decision (if it is favorable),
whichever is longer, the Trans Mountain
Oil Pipeline Corporation will be given an
opportunity to take advantage of the
same Title V provisions and secure financing for its proposed system.
Trans Mountain's proposal is an attractive alternative which also, on balance,
would be in the public interest. Although
it does not yet have formal Canadian
Energy Board approval, it will require
fewer permits in the United States and
thus has less need for Title V treatment.
This decision has been made following a thorough review and analysis of reports prepared by the Department of the
Interior, the Department of Energy, the
Federal Trade Commission, and the
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Jan. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Council on Environmental Quality, as
well as consultations with the Secretaries
of the Interior, Energy, and Transportation, and the Canadian Government. This
process has also involved substantial public input over the last several months and
congressional consultations.
The President's approval of the Northern Tier Pipeline system confers the opportunity to obtain an expedited review
and issuance of permits, and limited judicial review. It does not assure the ultimate
construction of either the Northern Tier
or Trans Mountain proposal. The Federal Government will not be financing or
constructing these proposed pipelines. No
Federal funds are or will be involved.
The ultimate decision as to whether or
not a west-to-east crude oil transportation system will be constructed cannot be
made by the President, but will be a decision arrived at solely by private financial
markets. The proper role of the Federal
Government in this case is to make certain
that public concerns are being looked
after, specifically those concerns related to
the environment, national energy and economic security, and the maintenance of
competitive markets. During the last several months, the Government has ensured
that the major issues of the public welfare
have been properly addressed.
The President's selection of the Northern Tier proposal is based on the public
interest concerns we have mentioned. The
system routing could move Alaskan, California, and foreign crude oil to Northern
Tier refineries which will in the next
decade suffer a deficit in refinery stock
without additional transportation capacity. This proposal is the only one which
has the advantage of a capability to transport indigenous Northern Tier oil from
the Williston Basin and Overthrust Belt
areas.
The Northern Tier proposal provides
the greatest energy transportation flexi
bility since it not only can receive oil from
the greatest number of sources, but it also
possesses the largest volume capacity. The
location of the line entirely within the
United States also provides a national
security advantage. The Northern Tier
could be operational sooner than any
other proposal and would provide employment for thousands of Americans as
well as spurring business opportunity and
enhancing local tax bases.
The Canadian Government strongly
supported the all-land Northwest Energy
Company (Foothills) proposal. Secretary
Andrus recommended that the President
not approve the Foothills all-land proposal, because it is the least flexible alternative system in view of the fact that it
relies entirely on Alaskan crude oil and
was not economically viable. The President agreed with that assessment and so
informed the Canadian Government.
Canada then informed us of its strong
support (subject to approval of the
Canadian Energy Board) for the Trans
Mountain system and strongly urged its
approval.
The President's approval of the Northern Tier proposal is conditional on one
significant system modification: the pipeline company will be required to make the
pipeline physically available to the four
major Puget Sound refineries by constructing the necessary connecting lines.
The Justice Department questions the
President's authority to require a hookup.
Therefore the President strongly urges
the refineries to agree to this hookup,
because it will significantly reduce tanker
traffic in the interior of the Sound and
thus diminish significant potential environmental hazards to both American and
Canadian waters and their rich marine
resources. If necessary, the administration
will support legislation to achieve this
condition.
100
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 198Jn
Jan. 18
If the Trans Mountain proposal is
eventually approved for purposes of Title
V, the conditions that have been specified
concerning the pipeline hookup to the
refineries and affirmative action plans
will be applicable.
In his initial recommendation to the
President Secretary Andrus proposed that
the Northern Tier Pipeline Company's
approval be conditioned on the relocation
of the port facility to some point west of
Port Angeles, based on environmental
concerns. After Secretary Andrus' initial
recommendation, several facts came to
his attention which convinced him that
Port Angeles may be as acceptable a location for a marine terminal as any potential
site westward of that location. The Environmental Protection Agency agrees
with this finding. While the Washington
Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council
may properly find that relocation of the
port is necessary, we will not impose such
a condition.
Prior to issuance of any right-of-way,
the President is also requesting the Secretary of the Interior to ensure, by stipulation in the grant of right-of-way, if
necessary, that the integrity of the Dungeness Spit and the Dungeness Spit National Wildlife Refuge is maintained.
The President has also determined that
it is in the national interest to require the
Northern Tier Pipeline Company to assure equal opportunity, through affirmative action in employment and business
participation by minorities.
The President's decision in no way preempts the laws of any State in which the
Northern Tier pipeline proposal crosses.
Nor should this decision be viewed as preemptive of the ongoing deliberations of
the Washington Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council, particularly with respect
to the port location.
There is a high degree of uncertainty
in regard to the economic factors to be
considered in arriving at a decision to
build a west-to-east crude oil pipeline. For
example, both the size of crude oil deficits
that Northern Tier refineries will experience and the size of the west coast surplus
of Alaska North Slope, California, and
foreign crude oil are in question. It is unlikely that additional study or analysis of
these economic uncertainties by Federal
agencies will provide reliable answers.
These are ultimately factors the private
financing markets must take into account.
We are submitting the report prepared
by the Department of the Interior describing the findings for each of the criteria specified in Title V. It is now time
for the marketplace to determine whether
a major west-to-east pipeline will be constructed. The Department of the Interior,
under the able leadership of Secretary
Andrus, will implement this decision and
ensure that the conditions specified are
carried out.
Import Relief for the Anhydrous
Ammonia Industry
Proclamation 4714. January 18, 1980
TEMPORARY DUTY INCREASE ON THE IMPORTATION INTO THE UNITED STATES
OF CERTAIN ANHYDROUS AMMONIA
FROM THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLICS
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
1. Pursuant to sections 406(c), 202,
and 203 of the Trade Act of 1974 (the
Trade Act) (19 U.S.C. 2436(c), 2252
and 2253), I hereby find that there are
reasonable grounds to believe, with respect
to imports of anhydrous ammonia from
101
Jan. 18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(U.S.S.R.) provided for in items 417.22
and 480.65 of the Tariff Schedules of the
United States (TSUS), that market disruption exists with respect to articles produced by a domestic industry and that
emergency action is necessary.
2. Recent events have altered the international economic conditions under which
I made my determination that it was not
in the national interest to impose import
relief on anhydrous ammonia from the
U.S.S.R. as recommended by the United
States International Trade Commission
(USITC) on October 11, 1979. However,
the factual basis upon which USITC made
its determination of market disruption still
exists.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
acting under the authority vested in me
by the Constitution and the statutes of the
United States, including sections 604, 406
(c), 202 and 203 of the Trade Act (19
U.S.C. 2483, 2436(c), 2252, and 2253),
do proclaim that(1) Subpart A, part 2 of the Appendix
to the TSUS is modified as set forth in
the Annex to this proclamation.
(2) This proclamation shall be effective as to articles entered, or withdrawn
from warehouse, for consumption on or
after the third day following the date of
publication of this Proclamation in the
FEDERAL REGISTER and shall remain in
effect for one year unless the period of its
effectiveness is earlier expressly suspended,
modified or terminated, but in any event
not longer than authorized by section 406
(c) of the Trade Act.
(3) The Commissioner of Customs
shall take such action as the U.S. Trade
Representative shall direct in the implementation and administration of the import relief herein proclaimed.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here
unto set my hand this eighteenth day of
January in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:44 p.m., January 18, 1980]
NOTE: The annex is printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of January 21, 1980.
Import Relief for the
Anhydrous Ammonia Industry
Letter to the Chairman of the United States
International Trade Commission.
January 18,1980
Dear Madam Chairman:
Pursuant to section 406 (c) of the Trade
Act of 1974, I have today found that there
are reasonable grounds to believe that
market disruption exists with respect to
imports of anhydrous ammonia, provided
for in items 417.22 and 480.65 of the
Tariff Schedules of the United States,
from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I therefore request that you initiate
an investigation on such articles under section 406 (a) of the Trade Act of 1974.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
[The Honorable Catherine M. Bedell, Chairman, International Trade Commission, Washington, D.C. 20436]
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
102
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
January 12
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs.
January 14
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Marvin S. Cohen, Chairman of the
Civil Aeronautics Board.
The White House announced that the
President received the report of the Emergency Board that he appointed on December 14, 1979, to investigate the Long
Island Railroad Company labor dispute
and has expressed his appreciation to the
Board for its diligent efforts during the
last 30 days. He has directed the National
Mediation Board to resume its efforts immediately to mediate the dispute and to
bring the parties to a resolution of their
differences as quickly as possible.
January 15
The President met at the White House
with:
-David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant for
National Security Affairs;
-Mr. Moore;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget.
The President attended a Requiem
Mass for George Meany at St. Matthews
Cathedral.
January 16
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Vice Mayor Jessie Rattley of New
port News, Va., president of the National League of Cities;
-Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, and Dr.
Brzezinski.
The White House announced that at
President Carter's invitation, Chancellor
Helmut Schmidt of the Federal Republic
of Germany will pay an official visit to
Washington on March 5 for meetings with
the President and other top administration officials. Chancellor Schmidt's visit
will provide an opportunity for him and
the President to review recent international developments and to coordinate the
United States and FRG policies regarding
problems of mutual interest. Recent developments in Southwest Asia, and in particular the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
and the continuing crisis in Iran, will be
subjects of particular interest. Chancellor
Schmidt will be accompanied by Mrs.
Schmidt. Chancellor Schmidt and President Carter most recently met in Washington in June 1979 during the Chancellor's private visit to the United States.
The President paid a state visit to the Federal Republic in July 1978 and Chancellor
Schmidt paid an official visit to the United
States in July 1977.
January 17
The President met at the White House
with Dr. Brzezinski.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Oklahoma
in the East Room at the White House.
The White House announced that
President Carter and Australian Prime
Minister J. Malcolm Fraser have agreed
to meet in Washington on January 31 to
discuss the changed and dangerous situation in Southwest Asia. The Australian
103
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Government has strongly supported efforts
to demonstrate to the Soviet Union the
very serious consequences of its actions in
Afghanistan. Because both of our Governments believe that this Soviet aggression
has far-reaching implications, consultations at the highest levels of government
are necessary and desirable.
January 18
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler,
Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Jordan.
The President has appointed Secretary
of the Treasury G. William Miller as a
member of the Advisory Commission on
Intergovernmental Relations.
The President went to the National
Naval Medical Center for his annual physical examination. He then went to Camp
David, Md., for a weekend stay. Rear
Adm. William M. Lukash, USN, Physician to the President, later announced
that the President remains in excellent
health.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
NOTE: No nominations were submitted to the
Senate during the period covered by this issue.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released January 13, 1980
Advance text: remarks at the opening session
of the White House Conference on Small
Business
Released January 14, 1980
Fact sheet: message to the Congress on small
business
Announcement: report of the Emergency Board
to investigate the Long Island Railroad
Company labor dispute
Released January 15, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Filemon B.
Vela to be United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Texas
Released January 17, 1980
News conference: on the President's decision
concerning the west-to-east crude oil transportation system-by Stuart E. Eizenstat,
Assistant to the President for Domestic
Affairs and Policy, and Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus
Fact sheet: west-to-east crude oil transportation system
Released January 18, 1980
Statement: results of the President's physical
examination-by Rear Adm. William M.
Lukash, USN, Physician to the President
Announcement: meeting of Secretary of State
Cyrus R. Vance, Counsel to the President
Lloyd N. Cutler, and Deputy Counsel Joe
Onek with Robert Kane, president, and Col.
F. Donald Miller, executive director, U.S.
Olympic Committee, to discuss U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
NOTE: No acts approved by the President were
received by the Office of the Federal Register
during the period covered by this issue.
104
I "
Week Ending Friday, January 25, 1980
William 0. Douglas
Statement on the Death of the Former
Supreme Court Associate Justice.
January 19, 1980
William 0. Douglas was a lionlike defender of individual liberty. He was
fiercely certain that the simple words of
the Bill of Rights were meant to protect
the humblest citizen from any exercise of
arbitrary power, and he never deviated
from that passionate conviction.
Justice Douglas served on the Supreme
Court for more than 36 years-longer
than any Justice in American history. For
all that time, individual freedom in this
country had no mightier champion. As he
wrote in more than one of his many opinions, "The essential scheme of our Constitution and Bill of Rights was to take
Government off the backs of people."
Justice Douglas loved the outdoors
with the same intensity he brought to his
love of political liberty. He defended the
natural and the constitutional heritage
of his country with equal vigor. On the
Supreme Court bench or in the mountains, William 0. Douglas breathed the
bracing air of freedom.
As a token of national mourning, I am
ordering that the flag of our country be
flown at halfstaff on all installations of the
United States Government.
Rosalynn and I extend our deepest
sympathy to Justice Douglas' wife Cathy,
his sister Martha, and to his children and
grandchildren. With his colleagues on the
Court and all his fellow citizens, we
mourn his passing.
NOTE: On January 23, the President attended
memorial services for Justice Douglas at National Presbyterian Church.
William 0. Douglas
Proclamation 4715. January 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
William 0. Douglas served on the Supreme Court longer than any Justice in
American history-more than 36 years.
During all that time, individual freedom
in this country had no mightier champion.
As he wrote in more than one of his opinions, "The essential scheme of our Constitution and Bill of Rights was to take Government off the backs of people."
The freedom which Justice Douglas
cherished-and which he struggled to preserve for all Americans-faces constant
testing. Now, as our Nation gathers to
meet yet another test, it is fitting that we
pause to honor William Douglas and to
remember his many contributions to our
country.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by virtue of the authority vested in me,
do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the memory of William 0. Douglas and his numerous contributions to our
Nation, the flag of the United States shall
105
Jan. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
be flown at half-staff on all buildings,
grounds and naval vessels of the Federal
Government in the District of Columbia
and throughout the United States and its
Territories and possessions until his interment.
I also direct that the flag shall be flown
at half-staff for the same length of time at
all United States embassies, legations, consular offices, and other facilities abroad,
including all military facilities and naval
vessels and stations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
January in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:33 a.m., January 21, 1980]
1980 Summer Olympics
Letter to the President of the U.S. Olympic
Committee on the Games To Be Held in
Moscow. January 20,1980
To Robert Kane
As President of this nation and as
Honorary President of the United States
Olympic Committee, I write to advise you
of my views concerning the Games of the
XXII Olympiad scheduled to be held in
Moscow this Summer.
I regard the Soviet invasion and the attempted suppression of Afghanistan as a
serious violation of international law and
an extremely serious threat to world peace.
This invasion also endangers neighboring
independent countries and access to a
major part of the world's oil supplies. It
therefore threatens our own national security, as well as the security of the region
and the entire world.
We must make clear to the Soviet
Union that it cannot trample upon an independent nation and at the same time do
business as usual with the rest of the
world. We must make clear that it will pay
a heavy economic and political cost for
such aggressions. That is why I have taken
the severe economic measures announced
on January 4, and why other free nations
are supporting these measures. That is
why the United Nations General Assembly, by an overwhelming vote of 104 to 18,
condemned the invasion and urged the
prompt withdrawal of Soviet troops.
I want to reaffirm my own personal
commitment to the principles and purposes of the Olympic movement. I believe
in the desirability of keeping Government
policy out of the Olympics, but deeper issues are at stake.
In the Soviet Union international
sports competition is itself an aspect of
Soviet government policy, as is the decision to invade Afghanistan. The head of
the Moscow Olympic Organizing Committee is a high Soviet Government
official.
The Soviet Government attaches enormous political importance to the holding
of the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow,
and if the Olympics are not held in Moscow because of Soviet military aggression
in Afghanistan, this powerful signal of
world outrage cannot be hidden from the
Soviet people, and will reverberate
around the globe. Perhaps it will deter
future aggression.
I therefore urge the USOC, in cooperation with other National Olympic Committees, to advise the International Olympic Committee that if Soviet troops do not
fully withdraw from Afghanistan within
the next month, Moscow will become an
unsuitable site for a festival meant to celebrate peace and good will. Should the Soviet Union fail to withdraw its troops
106
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 20
within the time prescribed above, I urge
the USOC to propose that the Games
either be transferred to another site such
as Montreal or to multiple sites, or be cancelled for this year. If the International
Olympic Committee rejects such a USOC
proposal, I urge the USOC and the Olympic Committees of other like-minded nations not to participate in the Moscow
Games. In this event, if suitable arrangements can be made, I urge that such nations conduct alternative games of their
own this summer at some other appropriate site or sites. The United States
Government is prepared to lend its full
support to any and all such efforts.
I know from your letter to me and your
meeting with Secretary Vance and Lloyd
Cutler of your deep concern for the men
and women throughout the world who
have trained tirelessly in the hopes of participating in the 1980 Olympic Games. I
share your concern. I would support the
participation of athletes from the entire
world at Summer Olympic Games or other
games this summer outside the Soviet
Union, just as I welcome athletes from
the entire world to Lake Placid, for the
Winter Olympic Games.
I have the deepest admiration and respect for Olympic athletes and their pursuit of excellence. No one understands
better than they the meaning of sacrifice
to achieve worthy goals. There is no goal
of greater importance than the goal at
stake here-the security of our nation and
the peace of the world.
I also urge that the IOC take a further
step to eliminate future political competition among nations to serve as hosts for
the Olympic Games. I call upon all nations to join in supporting a permanent
site for the Summer Olympics in Greece,
and to seek an appropriate permanent site
for the Winter Olympics.
The course I am urging is necessary to
help secure the peace of the world at this
critical time. The most important task of
world leaders, public and private, is to
deter aggression and prevent war. Aggression destroys the international amity and
goodwill that the Olympic movement
attempts to foster. If our response to aggression is to continue with international
sports as usual in the capital of the aggressor, our other steps to deter aggression are
undermined.
The spirit and the very future of the
Games depends upon courageous and resolute action at this time. I call for your
support and your help in rallying the support of the other Olympic Committees
throughout the world.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
[Mr. Robert Kane, President, United States
Olympic Committee, Teagle Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850]
"Meet the Press"
Interview with Bill Monroe, Carl T. Rowan,
David Broder, and Judy Woodruff.
January 20, 1980
MR. MONROE. Our guest today on "Meet
the Press" is the President of the United
States, Jimmy Carter.
U.S. PARTICIPATION IN SUMMER OLYMPICS
Mr. President, assuming the Soviets do
not pull out of Afghanistan any time soon,
do you favor the U.S. participating in the
Moscow Olympics and, if not, what are
the alternatives?
THE PRESIDENT. No. Neither I nor the
American people would support the sending of an American team to Moscow with
Soviet invasion troops in Afghanistan. I've
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Jan. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sent a message today to the United States
Olympic Committee spelling out my own
position: that unless the Soviets withdraw
their troops within a month from Afghanistan, that the Olympic games be moved
from Moscow to an alternate site or multiple sites or postponed or canceled. If the
Soviets do not withdraw their troops immediately from Afghanistan within a
month, I would not support the sending
of an American team to the Olympics. It's
very important for the world to realize
how serious a threat the Soviets' invasion
of Afghanistan is.
I do not want to inject politics into the
Olympics, and I would personally favor
the establishment of a permanent Olympic
site for both the summer and the winter
games. In my opinion, the most appropriate permanent site for the summer
games would be Greece. This will be my
own position, and I have asked the U.S.
Olympic Committee to take this position
to the International Olympic Committee,
and I would hope that as many nations as
possible would support this basic position.
One hundred and four nations voted
against the Soviet invasion and called for
their immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan in the United Nations, and I would
hope as many of those as possible would
support the position I've just outlined to
you.
MR. MONROE. Mr. President, if a substantial number of nations does not support the U.S. position, would not that just
put the U.S. in an isolated position, without doing much damage to the Soviet
Union?
THE PRESIDENT. Regardless of what
other nations might do, I would not favor
the sending of an American Olympic team
to Moscow while the Soviet invasion
troops are in Afghanistan.
MR. MONROE. Thank you, Mr. Presi
dent. Our reporters on "Meet the Press"
today are Carl T. Rowan of the Chicago
Sun-Times, David S. Broder of the Washington Post, and Judy Woodruff of NBC
News. We'll be back with our questions in
a minute.
[At this point, the program was interrupted for
a commercial announcement. Mr. Monroe then
resumed speaking as follows:]
We'll continue the questions for President Carter with Mr. Rowan.
U.S.-SOVIET RELATIONS
MR. ROWAN. Mr. President, you spoke
earlier of a serious threat to peace. Just
how serious is this situation? Are we potentially on the verge of conflict with the
Soviet Union?
THE PRESIDENT. As I said earlier, Mr.
Rowan, this in my opinion is the most
serious threat to world peace since the
Second World War. It's an unprecedented
act on the part of the Soviet Union. It's
the first time they have attacked, themselves, a nation that was not already under
their domination, that is, a part of the
Warsaw Pact neighborhood. They have
used surrogate forces, the Cubans, to participate in other countries like Angola or
Ethiopia.
This is a threat to a vital area of the
world. It's a threat to an area of the world
where the interests of our country and
those interests of our allies are deeply imbedded. More than two-thirds of the total
exportable oil that supplies the rest of the
world comes from the Persian Gulf region
in Southwest Asia.
My own assessment is that there have
been times in the years gone by that we
have had intense competition with the
Soviet Union and also an effort for accommodation with the Soviet Union and
for consulting with them and working
108
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 20
with them toward peace. This is an action
initiated by the Soviets-and I am still
committed to peace, but peace through
strength and through letting the Soviets
know in a clear and certain way, by
action of our own country and other nations, that they cannot invade an innocent
country with impunity; they must suffer
the consequences.
DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICY
MR. ROWAN. In that connection, Mr.
President, your critics say that the Soviets
are moving because they've seen weakness
on your part. They don't believe you or
the American people will fight. If they
move into Pakistan or into Iran, will you
use military force?
THE PRESIDENT. We've not been weak.
We've been firm and resolved and consistent and clear in our policy since I've
been in the White House. We've had a
steady increase in our commitment to the
strength of our national defense, as measured by budget levels and also measured
by the tone and actions that I have taken
and the Congress has taken. We've
strengthened our alliances with NATO,
both in the buildup of fighting capability
and also, lately, in the theater nuclear
force response to the Soviet threat with
atomic weapons. We've also let it be clear
that we favor the resolution of intense
differences that have destabilized the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region.
The most notable advance has been
the peace treaty signed between Israel and
Egypt, and we have reconfirmed our
commitment to Pakistan of 1959. We are
committed to consult with Pakistan and
to take whatever action is necessary, under
the constitutional guidelines that I have
to follow as President of our country, to
protect the security of Pakistan involving
military force, if necessary.
In addition to that, we're increasing and
will maintain an increased level of naval
forces in the northern Indian Ocean and
the Persian Gulf region. And we are now
exploring with some intensity the establishment of facilities for the servicing of
our air and naval forces in the northern
Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf region. These
actions have been initiated ever since I've
been in office. They are consistent and
clear, and we are concentrating on them
now with an increased level of commitment because of the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan.
MR. MONROE. Mr. Broder?
TIMING OF PRESIDENT'S APPEARANCE ON
PROGRAM
MR. BRODER. Mr. President, the timing
of this appearance the day before the Iowa
caucuses suggests a political motive. Why
did you accept this appearance when you
have refused to appear any place where
your challengers could confront you
directly?
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Broder, in a time
of crisis for our country I believe it's very
important for the President not to assume,
in a public way, the role of a partisan
campaigner in a political contest. Our
country is in a state of crisis, and this has
been a consistent policy that I have maintained since the Iranians captured and
held hostage Americans in Tehran. I do
not consider this to be a campaign forum,
"Meet the Press," and I'm not here as a
partisan candidate.
As you well know, we have been presenting my views very clearly to the American people in multiple ways-my own appearances before the press, my briefing of
groups in the White House, the sending
of surrogates for me to Iowa. I think my
positions and the actions that I've taken
have been very clear, and my appearance
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Jan. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
on this show is an opportunity to give you,
for instance, a chance to ask me questions
about issues that are important to the
American people.
PRESIDENT'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS
MR. BRODER. A colleague of mine printed this question 3 weeks ago, at the time
that you canceled out of the Iowa debate,
as an example of what you might have
been asked, and I'd like to ask it.
THE PRESIDENT. Fine.
MR. BRODER. With all due respect, we
still have 5.8 percent unemployment. Inflation has risen from 4.8 percent to 13
percent. We still don't have a viable
energy policy. Russian troops are in Cuba
and Afghanistan. The dollar is falling.
Gold is rising. And the hostages, after 78
days, are still in Tehran. Just what have
you done, sir, to deserve renomination?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, since I've been
in the White House, I've done everything
possible to strengthen our own Nation,
not only militarily but economically and
politically and, I think, morally and ethically as well. We've strengthened our alliances with our allies, which has been
pointed out already on this program.
We've dealt not only with peace for our
country but peace for others, working
with the British in Rhodesia, working
with the Egyptians and Israelis in the
Middle East.
We have tried to expand American
friendships among other nations on Earth,
notably being successful in retaining our
friendship with the people of Taiwan,
opening up a new and friendly relationship with the recognition of a fourth of
the world's total population in China.
We've had, I think, a great improvement
in our own Nation's relationships with
countries, as expressed by recent United
Nations votes.
Domestically, I've dealt with the Nation's crises and problems as best I could,
working with a Congress that sometimes
acts too slowly. Since the first day I've
been in office, we've been addressing the
most serious threat to our Nation domestically, and that is inflation, tied very closely
with energy.
Energy is the single most important factor in the increase in the inflation rate
since I've been in office. Just in the last
12 months, OPEC has increased energy
prices by 80 percent. As a matter of fact,
all of the increase, for practical purposes,
of the inflation rate since I've been in office has been directly attributable to increase in OPEC oil prices.
When I was elected, the prime threat
to our country was extremely high unemployment. We've added a net increase of
9 million jobs, and we've cut the unemployment rate down by 25 percent. This
has been a very good move toward the
strengthening of our Nation's economy.
We've cut down our balance of trade deficit. We have seen a very clear increase
in net income for Americans above inflation, above taxes paid, of about 7/2 percent. Corporate profits have gone up
about 50 percent. And I think our Nation is much more unified. And I believe,
in addition to that, there's a greater respect for the integrity and the truthfulness of the Government of our country.
So, we've made some progress.
I might say that I don't claim to know
all the answers. They are not easy questions to address. They are not easy problems to solve. But our country is united.
We are struggling with these very difficult
and complicated questions, and I think
that they need to be pursued further,
hopefully in a second term for myself.
MR. MONROE. Ms. Woodruff?
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Jan. 20
U.S. POLICY TOWARD THE SOVIET UNION
Ms. WOODRUFF. Mr. President, you
said in an interview recently that the invasion of Afghanistan had changed your
opinions of the Russians more drastically
than anything else since you had been in
office. Why did it take almost 3 years for
you to discover the true intentions of the
Soviet leadership?
THE PRESIDENT. I've never doubted
the long-range policy or the long-range
ambitions of the Soviet Union. The fact
that we have consistently strengthened our
own Nation's defense, after 15 years of a
decrease in commitment to our Nation's
defense vis-a-vis the Soviets, is one indication of that. All of the actions that I
described earlier-the strengthening of
NATO, the movement into the northern
Indian Ocean, the search for peace in the
Mideast, and so forth-were directly because of the ultimate threat by the Soviet
Union to world peace.
But it is obvious that the Soviets' actual
invasion of a previously nonaligned country, an independent, freedom-loving country, a deeply religious country, with their
own massive troops is a radical departure
from the policy or actions that the Soviets
have pursued since the Second World
War. It is a direct threat because Pakistan
[Afghanistan],' formerly a buffer state
between the Soviet Union and Iran and
the world's oil supplies and the Hormuz
Straits and the Persian Gulf, has now become kind of an arrow aiming at those
crucial strategic regions of the world. So,
this is a major departure by the Soviet
Union from their previous actions.
Their long-range policies have been
well understood by me then and still are.
MS. WOODRUFF. And yet your admin1 White House correction.
istration didn't take any steps to offset the
huge increases in the number of Cuban
troops in Africa in recent years. Soviet
combat troops are still in Cuba today,
despite your statement last fall that their
presence was not acceptable. In light of
this failure to counter Soviet aggression
earlier, do you accept any responsibility
at all for the Soviet calculation that they
could move into Afghanistan with
impunity?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the Soviets have
seriously misjudged our own Nation's
strength and resolve and unity and determination and the condemnation that has
accrued to them by the world community
because of their invasion of Afghanistan.
As you know, Cuban troops went into
Angola long before I became President.
And the Soviet brigade, about 2,000 to
2,500 troops, have been in Cuba since the
early 1960's. There has obviously been a
buildup in the Soviet adventurism in the
Horn of Africa, in Ethiopia. These moves
were of great concern to us.
But the point that I would like to make
clear is that we have always had a very
complicated relationship with the Soviet
Union-based on cooperation when we
could together move toward a peaceful
resolution of the world's problems, like the
negotiation of the SALT treaty, and competition with the Soviet Union when our
interests were at cross purposes in any region of the world. I think our strength has
been clearly demonstrated. The resolve
of our Nation has been clearly demonstrated. The support of our allies has been
clearly demonstrated, and indeed, the
support of the world in the condemnation
of the Soviets' recent invasion has also
been clearly demonstrated.
Times change and circumstances
change. Our country has been one that
does commit itself to the preservation of
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Jan. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
peace, but peace through strength, not
weakness. That has been our policy. That
will still be our policy.
AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN
MR. MONROE. Mr. President, is there
any specific new hope for ending the
hostage crisis with Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. I can't predict the
early end of that situation. The concern
that I feel about the hostages today is just
as great as it was a month ago or 2 months
ago. Our policy on the Iranian capturing
of our hostages has been clear and consistent. It's an abhorrent violation of every
moral and ethical standard and international law. It's a criminal act: a group of
terrorists, kidnapers, seizing innocent victims and holding them for attempted
blackmail in an unprecedented way, supported and encouraged by government
officials themselves. Our response has been
clear: to protect, first of all, the shortterm and long-range interests of our
country; secondly, to protect the safety
and the lives of the hostages themselves;
third, to pursue every possible avenue of
the early and safe release of our hostages;
fourth, to avoid bloodshed if possible, because I have felt from the very beginning
that the initiation of a military action or
the causing of bloodshed would undoubtedly result in the death of the hostages;
and fifth, and perhaps most difficult of all,
is to arouse and to sustain the strong support by the vast majority of nations on
Earth for our position as an aggrieved
nation and the condemnation of the world
for Iran for this direct violation of international law. It's an abhorrent act.
I don't know when the hostages will
be released, but we will maintain our intense interest in it. We will maintain our
commitment to every possible avenue to
carry out the policies I've just described
to you, and we will maintain, as best we
can, the full support of the rest of the
world. And that concerted pressure from
many sources, including the recent sanctions that we have initiated against Iran,
I believe and I hope and I pray will result
in the safe release of our hostages. I can't
predict exactly when.
PROTECTION FOR AMERICAN EMBASSY IN
IRAN
MR. MONROE. How do you answer
criticism, Mr. President, that your administration bungled the admission of the
Shah to this country, chiefly by not providing guaranteed protection to the
American Embassy in Iran after American diplomats had warned that there
might be this kind of trouble and there
had been, in fact, a seizure of the Embassy
a few months previously?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any
apology at all for letting the Shah come
here as an extremely sick personMR. MONROE. What about protection
of the Embassy, Mr. President?
THE PRESIDENT. -for treatment.
The Embassy had been attacked in the
past. Embassies around the world are
often subjected to attacks. In every instance the Iranian officials had joined
with our own people to protect the Embassy of the United States. Following the
seizure of the Embassy earlier in the year,
we had carried out a substantial program
for the strengthening of the Embassy's defenses. After the Shah came here to the
United States for treatment, and we notified the Iranian officials of that fact, we
were again assured by the Iranian Prime
Minister and the Iranian Foreign Minister that the Embassy would be protected.
It was, indeed, protected for about 10
days, following which the Ayatollah Khomeini made a very aggressive and abusive
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 20
speech. And when it was attacked by militant terrorists, the Iranians, the Iranian
Government withdrew their protection for
the Embassy. It was an unpredictable kind
of thing. This has never been done, so far
as I know, in modern history, to have a
government support a terrorist act of this
kind, the kidnaping of hostages, and the
holding of them for attempted blackmail.
But there was no stone unturned in our
attempt to maintain relations with Iran,
which is in our interest, and at the same
time to protect our people.
MR. MONROE. Mr. Rowan?
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN
MR. ROWAN. Mr. President, some of
our allies are now saying that Iran already
is in chaos and that if the U.S. puts the
economic screws on, that country could
fall apart and make it easy for the Soviet
Union to pick up the pieces. Are you
listening to this or are you still going to
put the screws on Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. That's been a constant concern of mine, Mr. Rowan.
What we want is a unified Iran, not
fragmented. We want a stable and independent Iran, and we want a secure Iran.
But we cannot accept the abhorrent act,
supported by the Iranian officials, of the
terrorists holding Americans hostage. We
have decided to take action against Iran,
with the presence of our naval forces to
prevent injury to our hostages; and
secondly, to impose, with an increasing degree of severity, sanctions against Iran
that would encourage them to release the
hostages.
There has been, obviously, a new element introduced into the Iranian hostage
crisis in recent weeks with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. My belief is that
many of the responsible officials in Iran
now see that this major threat to Iran's
security and the peace of Iran is becoming
paramount, and that there will be an additional effort on their part to secure the
release of the hostages and remove the
isolation of Iran from the rest of the
civilized world. 4
But I think our actions have been wellconsidered. We have taken every element
of caution about the possibility which you
describe. And in my judgment, the best
thing for Iran to do now is to release the
hostages, to seek redress of their alleged
grievances in the international fora and
the courts of the individual nations, and
to begin to strengthen themselves against
the possible threat by the Soviets now
addressed toward them in Afghanistan.
MR. MONROE. We have less than a
minute and a half. Mr. Broder?
MR. BRODER. In view of what you just
said, Mr. President, are you prepared to
accept a delay or postponement of the imposition of the economic sanctions against
Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. No. Those sanctions
will be pursued by ourselves, unilaterally,
and joined in by as many of our allies as
will agree. We have had very acceptable
support by our allies in this imposition of
sanctions against Iran, and we've had
overwhelming support in the International Court of Justice and in the United
Nations from many nations who've observed this situation. So, I will not postpone the imposition of sanctions.
MR. MONROE. Ms. Woodruff?
"MISERY INDEX"
Ms. WOODRUFF. Mr. President, in 1976
you castigated the Republicans for what
you described as a "misery index" of some
13 percent. That "misery index" is now
up to 19 percent. What do you think about
it now?
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously, when
a nation is in a state of crisis-a deep obsession and concern with the holding of
innocent Americans and an acknowledged
threat to world peace by a Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan, with high inflation
brought about by, in my opinion, unwarranted increases in the price of oil-this
preys on the mind of Americans. We are
taking action, as I've described on this
program and previously, to alleviate these
concerns, and I believe that the unity of
America has been paramount. I believe
the future will hold a better prospect for
the alleviation of those tensions.
MR. MONROE. Thank you, Mr. President, for being with us today on "Meet the
Press."
NOTE: The interview began at 12 plm. in the
NBC studios in Washington, D.C. It was
broadcast live on radio and television. Mr.
Monroe of NBC News was the moderator for
the program.
Following the interview, the President returned to Camp David, Md.
The State of the Union
Annual Message to the Congress.
January 21, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
My State of the Union Address will be
devoted to a discussion of the most important challenges facing our country as
we enter the 1980's.
Over the coming year, those challenges
will receive my highest priority and
greatest efforts. However, there will also
be many other significant areas which will
receive my personal commitment, as well
as that of my Administration, during the
2nd Session of the 96th Congress.
It is important that Congress, along
with the public, be aware of these other
vital areas of concern as they listen to my
State of the Union Address. In that way,
the context of the Address, and my Administration's full message for 1980, can
best be understood.
For that reason, I am sending this State
of the Union Message to the Congress today, several days before my State of the
Union Address.
CONGRESS
During the last three years, my Administration has developed a very cooperative
and productive record with Congress.
Landmark legislation has been enacted;
major domestic and international problems have been addressed directly and
resolved; and a spirit of mutual trust and
respect has been restored to ExecutiveLegislative relations. Indeed, in no other
three-year period in our recent past has
there been a comparable record of progress and achievement for the American
people.
But much more remains to be done. We
cannot afford to rest on our record. We
cannot fail to complete the agenda begun
in the 1970's; we cannot ignore the new
challenges of the 1980's.
By continuing to work together, my Administration and the Congress can meet
these goals. Our cooperative efforts can
help to ensure stable prices and economic
growth; a return to energy security; an
efficient, responsive government; a strong,
unsurpassed defense capability; and world
peace.
The program that I have placed before
the Congress since 1977, combined with
the few new initiatives I will be placing
before the Congress this year, will enable
us to reach these goals. Our task in this
Session is to complete the work on that
program. I have no doubt that we can do
it. There is no time to waste.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2 1
RECORD OF PROGRESS
When I took office in 1977, our Nation
faced a number of serious domestic and
international problems:
* the economy had still not recovered
from the most serious recession since
World War II;
* unemployment was near 8%, and
almost 8 million American workers
were unemployed;
* no national energy policy existed, and
our dependence on foreign oil was
rapidly increasing;
* public trust in the integrity and
openness of the government was extremely low;
* the Federal government was operating inefficiently in administering essential programs and policies;
* major social problems were being
ignored or poorly addressed by the
Federal government;
* our defense posture was declining as
a result of a continuously shrinking
defense budget;
* the strength of the NATO Alliance
was at a post-World War II low;
* tensions between Israel and Egypt
threatened another Middle East
war; and
* America's resolve to oppose international aggression and human rights
violations was under serious question.
Over the past 36 months, clear progress
has been made in solving the challenges
we found in January of 1977:
* the unemployment rate at the end of
last year of 5.9%, representing a 25%o decrease in three years; 9 million jobs have
been created, and more Americans, 98
million, are at work than at any time in
our history;
* major parts of a comprehensive energy program have been enacted; a Department of Energy has been established
to administer the program; and Congress
is on the verge of enacting the remaining
major parts of the energy program;
* confidence in the government's integrity has been restored, and respect for
the government's openness and fairness
has been renewed;
* the government has been made more
effective and efficient: the Civil Service
system was completely reformed for the
first time this century; 13 reorganization
initiatives have been proposed to the Congress, approved, and implemented, two
new Cabinet departments have been
created to consolidate and streamline the
government's handling of energy and education problems; inspectors general have
been placed in each Cabinet department
to combat fraud, waste and other abuses;
zero-based budgeting practices have been
instituted throughout the Federal government; cash management reforms have
saved hundreds of millions of dollars; the
process of issuing regulations has been reformed to eliminate unneeded and incomprehensible regulations; procedures have
been established to assure citizen participation in government; and the airline industry has been deregulated, at enormous
savings to the consumer.
* critical social problems, many long
ignored by the Federal government, have
been addressed directly and boldly: an
urban policy was developed and implemented, reversing the decline in our urban
areas; the Food Stamp program has been
expanded and the purchase requirement
eliminated; the Social Security System
was refinanced to put it on a sound financial basis; the Humphrey-Hawkins Full
Employment Act was enacted; Federal
assistance for education was expanded by
75%; the minimum wage was increased
to levels needed to ease the effects of inflation; affirmative action has been pursued aggressively-more blacks, Hispanics
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and women have been appointed to senior
government positions and to judgeships
than at any other time in our history; the
ERA ratification deadline was extended
to aid the ratification effort; and minority
business procurement by the Federal government has more than doubled;
* the decline in defense spending has
been reversed; defense spending has increased at a real rate of over 3% in 1979,
and I am proposing a real increase in the
defense spending level of more than 20%
over the next 5 years;
* the NATO Alliance has been revitalized and strengthened through substantially increased resources, new deterrent
weapons, and improved coordination; increased emphasis has also been given to
conventional force capabilities to meet
crises in other areas of the world;
* Egypt and Israel have ended more
than 30 years of war through a Peace
Treaty that also established a framework
for comprehensive peace in the Middle
East;
* the commitment of our Nation to
pursue human rights throughout the
world, in nations which are friendly and
those which are not, has been made clear
to all;
* our resolve to oppose aggression, such
as the illegal invasion of the Soviet Union
into Afghanistan, has been supported by
tough action.
LEGISLATIVE PRIORITIES
In the coming legislative session, the
last in this Presidential term, I am deeply
committed to finishing the agenda that
I have placed before the Congress. That
agenda has been comprehensive and demanding, but it has also been absolutely
essential for our Nation's well-being.
I do not plan to add significantly to
the agenda this year. Because of the im
portance of enacting the proposals already before the Congress, and the relatively short Congressional session facing
us, I will be limiting my major new proposals to a critical few:
* Youth Employment;
* General Revenue Sharing;
* Utility Oil Use Reduction;
* Nuclear Waste Management and
Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reorganization;
* Standby Gasoline Rationing Plan;
and
* Initiatives implementing my response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
I am convinced that these new initiatives, along with the major proposals I
previously made to the Congress, can be
enacted this year, if we have a dedicated,
all-out effort on the part of the Administration and the Congress. I pledge such
an effort on my part, and that of my
Administration.
As in the previous three years, I will be
working with you toward the basic goals
of:
* Ensuring our economic strength;
* Creating energy security for our
nation;
* Enhancing basic human and social
needs;
* Making our government more efficient and effective;
* Protecting and enhancing our rights
and liberties;
* Preserving and developing our natural resources;
* Building America's military strength;
* Working to resolve international disputes through peaceful means;
* Striving to resolve pressing international economic problems;
* Continuing to support the building
of democratic institutions and protecting human rights; and
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Jan. 21
* Preventing the spread and further
development of nuclear weapons.
My highest legislative priorities in each
of these areas this year will be:
ENSURING ECONOMIC STRENGTH
* The FY 1981 Budget-This is a responsible, restrained budget, whose enactment will help control Federal spending, significantly reduce the Federal
deficit, and aid in our fight against
inflation.
* Hospital Cost Containment-This
long overdue legislation is a major weapon in our fight against inflation; it will
save consumers more billions of dollars
and is the single most important antiinflation bill before the Congress.
* Youth Education, Training and Employment Program-This new initiative,
which is designed to educate and train
youth to secure and hold meaningful
jobs, will provide enhanced opportunities
for disadvantaged youth as well as improve the productivity of our work force.
CREATING ENERGY SECURITY FOR OUR
NATION
* Windfall Profits Tax-The size of
this important energy and tax measure
has been agreed to by the conferees, but
it is imperative that final agreement on a
tax reflecting sound energy policy occur
at the outset of this session and that Congress act promptly on that agreement.
* Energy Mobilization Board-It is
also essential that this vital measure in
the effort to eliminate unnecessary red
tape in the construction of needed energy
facilities be agreed to promptly by the
conferees and the Congress, without substantive waivers of law.
* Energy Security Corporation-The
conferees and the Congress also need to
act expeditiously on this legislation. This
bill is critical to our Nation's beginning
a serious, massive program to develop alternative energy fuels so that our dependence on foreign oil can be severely reduced. It is necessary to remove this critical national effort from the constraints
which can bind government agencies.
This legislation contains, as well, vital
energy conservation and gasohol provisions. They are needed if we are to move
forward in our national efforts in these
areas.
* Utility Oil Use Reduction-This
new initiative will aid in the effort to reduce our reliance on oil by requiring our
Nation's utilities to substantially convert
from oil to coal-burning or other energy
facilities by our Nation's utilities over a
defined timetable. This bill is a key tool
in our effort to increase the use of coal,
our most abundant natural fuel source.
* Standby Gasoline Rationing PlanUnder the legislation enacted last year,
I will propose to the Congress a Standby
Gasoline Rationing Plan; its prompt approval will be required if we are to be
prepared for a significant energy supply
interruption.
ENHANCING BASIC HUMAN AND SOCIAL
NEEDS
* National Health Plan-The time for
improving the health care provided to
our citizens is long overdue, and I am
convinced that the health plan I proposed last year provides a realistic, affordable and beneficial way of providing
our citizens with the health care they
need and deserve. It will provide millions of low-income Americans with
health coverage for the first time, improved Medicare coverage for the elderly,
and protect every American against the
disastrous costs of extended illness.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Our national health effort also needs
prompt enactment of two other important
bills-Child Health Assurance Program,
which will provide needed health care for
disadvantaged children, and Mental
Health Systems Act, which is needed to
reform our mental health programs.
* Welfare Reform-Our nation's welfare system remains a disgrace to both the
recipient and the taxpayers. It encourages
family instability and encourages waste. It
is a crazy-quilt of differing provisions from
state-to-state. The House has approved a
sound welfare reform proposal. I call upon
the Senate to act rapidly on this issue so
that welfare reform can become a reality
in this Session.
* General Revenue Sharing-I will
propose a reauthorization of this important program to our state and local governments, in order to continue providing
them with the funds that they depend
upon to meet essential social and operating needs. This program is an essential
element of the partnership I have forged
with state and local governments and is
critical to the continued economic health
of our states, cities and counties.
* Countercyclical Revenue Sharing-I
will again work with the Congress to provide the aid needed to help our most financially pressed local areas. The Senate
has already acted and I urge prompt
House passage early in the Session.
* Low-Income Energy Assistance-I
am committed to seeking authority to continue the low-income assistance program
enacted at my request last year to give the
poor protection against rising energy costs.
* Economic Development-This legislation will reauthorize and improve the
government's ability to provide economic
development assistance. It is a key ingredient in implementing both my urban and
rural policy and I urge prompt action on
it by the House-Senate Conference.
MAKING OUR GOVERNMENT MORE EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE
* Regulatory Reform-I will continue
to pursue efforts to eliminate unnecessary
regulatory burdens, and will concentrate
on seeking approval this year of my regulatory process reform bill, my trucking and
rail deregulation proposals, my banking
reform measures, and passage of sunset
legislation and communications reform
measures. Progress has been made on each
of these during the First Session. Final
passage should come before this Session
ends.
* Nuclear Regulatory Commission Reorganization-As I stated in responding
to the Kemeny Commission Report, I will
propose a reorganization of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission in order to improve its management and its emergency
operating capabilities. This is an essential
step to the improvement of safety in the
nuclear industry.
PROTECTING AND ENHANCING OUR RIGHTS
AND LIBERTIES
* Equal Rights Amendment-While
the Congress has passed the Equal Rights
Amendment, and the possibility for ratification now lies with the State Legislatures,
it is essential that the Members of Congress help with their State Legislatures.
Toward that end, we will be working with
Members from States which have not yet
been ratified. We cannot stand tall as a
Nation seeking to enhance human rights
at home so long as we deny it to American
women here at home.
* Fair Housing-I will continue to
press for enactment of this important civil
rights initiative; it will enable the government to enforce our fair housing laws
effectively and promptly. It is the most
critical civil rights legislation before the
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Jan. 2 1
Congress in years. The promise of equal
housing opportunity has been far too long
an empty promise. This bill will help
make that promise a reality.
* Intelligence Charters-I have already
proposed a legislative charter for the FBI;
I will soon be proposing a legislative charter for the intelligence community. These
charters will protect our citizens' rights
while enabling the agencies to meet their
responsibilities.
PRESERVING AND DEVELOPING OUR
NATURAL RESOURCES
* Alaska D-2 Lands-My highest environmental priority in this Congress continues to be enactment of legislation that
will preserve and protect Alaska lands. I
urge the Senate to follow the House's lead
in this area.
* Oil and Hazardous Wastes Superfund-This program is needed to mitigate
the effects of oil hazardous substance spills
and releases from uncontrolled hazardous
waste dumps, which is a growing national
problem.
* Nuclear Waste Management-I will
propose a series of legislative and administrative initiatives to implement our Nation's first comprehensive nuclear waste
program.
BUILDING AMERICA S MILITARY STRENGTH
* Defense Department Authorizations
and Appropriations-I will be proposing
a defense budget containing a 3.3% real
growth in outlays. It is essential that the
Congress support an increase of that
amount if we are to strengthen our defense capabilities.
WORKING TO RESOLVE INTERNATIONAL
DISPUTES
* Refugee Legislation and FundingThis legislation is necessary to improve our
refugee program and to provide needed
domestic assistance to refugees. Prompt
House action would assure that we have
a sound framework within which to
accommodate the increasing flow of
refugees.
STRIVING TO RESOLVE INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
* Bilateral and Multilateral Foreign
Assistance-I will be proposing foreign
assistance legislation which provides the
authority needed to carry forward a cooperative relationship with a large number
of developing nations. Prompt Congressional action is essential.
* China Trade Agreement-I will be
seeking early approval by the Congress of
the Trade Agreement reached with
China; the Agreement represents a major
step forward in the process toward improved economic relations with China.
CONTINUING TO SUPPORT THE BUILDING
OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS
* Special International Security Assistance for Pakistan-I am sending to Congress a military and economic assistance
program to enable Pakistan to strengthen
its defenses. Prompt enactment will be
one of my highest legislative priorities.
* Human Rights Conventions-I will
continue to press the Senate to ratify five
key human rights treaties-the American
Convention on Human Rights, the Convention on Racial Discrimination, the UN
Covenants on Civil and Political Rights,
and on Economic and Social and Cultural
Rights, and the Genocide Convention.
PREVENTING THE SPREAD AND FURTHER
DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
* SALT II-I firmly believe that SALT
II is in our Nation's security interest and
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that it will add significantly to the control
of nuclear weapons. But because of the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I do not
believe it is advisable to have the Senate
consider the Treaty now.
I. ENSURING ECONOMIC STRENGTH
My economic program, since I took
office, has been designed to achieve several
goals:
-restore and continue economic
growth;
-reduce unemployment; and
-restrain inflation.
Over the past three years, considerable
progress has been made in each of these
areas:
-The economy has recovered from its
deepest recession since World War II;
and we have had a sustained economic recovery during the last three years.
-Unemployment has been reduced by
25% and employment is at its highest
level in history.
-Inflation has increased to unacceptable levels, in large part because of OPEC
price increases, but a program has now
been put in place which will moderate inflation in an equitable and effective way.
In 1980, we will continue the steady
economic policies which have worked to
date. We can only succeed in making our
economy strong, however, if we have Congress' cooperation. I am confident that we
can work together successfully this year
to achieve our economic goals.
INFLATION
Inflation continues to be our most serious economic problem. Restraining inflation remains my highest domestic priority.
Inflation at the current, unacceptably
high levels is the direct result of economic
problems that have been building, virtu
ally without letup, for over a decade.
There are no easy answers, or quick solutions to inflation. It cannot be eliminated
overnight; its roots in our economy are too
deep, its causes are too pervasive and complex. We know we cannot spend our way
out of this problem.
But there is hope-for a gradual reduction in the inflation rate, for an easing of
the economic pressures causing inflation.
The hope lies in a program of public
and private restraint in the short-run and
a program to attack the structural causes
of inflation over the longer-run. This is
the policy I have pursued and will continue to pursue.
Last year was an especially difficult time
for anti-inflation policies. OPEC increased its prices by more than 80% and
thus added more than three points to the
inflation rate. If energy price increases are
excluded, inflation last year would have
been nearly three percentage points lower.
The biggest challenge to anti-inflation
policy is to keep energy price increases
from doing permanent damage, to prevent a dangerous acceleration of the wageprice spiral. My program has been successful in accomplishing this. Inflation will
slow this year. In 1981 it should be even
lower. This progress is the result of our
persistence in the battle against inflation
on many fronts:
Budget Restraint: The budget deficit
for FY 1979 was lowered to $27.7 billion,
more than 50% below the FY 1976 level.
Regulatory Reform: The flood of new,
costly government regulations was slowed
as our procedures to ensure that we
achieve our regulatory goals in the most
cost-effective manner took hold.
Wage-Price Guidelines: The guideline
standards were followed by the vast majority of unions which negotiated contracts and by nearly every major corporation in the country.
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Jan. 21
Energy: The energy legislation put into
place over the past two years began to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and
our consumption of such important energy fuels as gasoline, thereby reducing
the ability of oil producing nations to disrupt our economy.
Productivity: We began to introduce
policies to increase industrial innovation
and thereby productivity; the decline in
productivity growth must be reversed if
we are to improve our real living standards over the long term.
In 1980, with the Congress' cooperation, we will continue our aggressive fight
against inflation on each of these major
fronts:
Budget Restraint: The deficit for the
FY 1981 budget will be less than half of
the FY 1980 budget deficit and will represent a 75% reduction from the deficit I
inherited.
Regulatory Reform: We will be pursuing deregulation legislation for the trucking, rail, banking and communications
industries, as well as regulatory management reform legislation; these bills will
enable us to further eliminate unnecessary
regulatory burdens.
Labor Accord: The Pay Advisory and
Price Advisory Committees, established as
a result of last year's historic Accord with
organized labor will enable us to better
implement, and coordinate with both
labor and business, the private restraint
necessary as part of our anti-inflation
efforts. The Accord signals a willingness
of labor to be a full partner in our fight
against inflation.
Energy: We expect to enact major
energy legislation-the Windfall Profits
Tax, the Energy Mobilization Board, and
the Energy Security Corporation-early
in this Session; this legislation, when combined with the voluntary and mandatory
energy conservation measures that will
take an even stronger hold this year,
should enable us to further reduce our dependence on foreign oil.
Productivity: We will be implementing
our industrial innovation program and
further expanding our commitment in the
budget to research and development.
COUNCIL ON WAGE AND PRICE STABILITY
The Council on Wage and Price Stability has played a vital role in our antiinflation efforts. The Council and its staff
have lead responsibility within the Executive branch for implementing the voluntary wage and price monitoring program.
Without the Council's continuing role, the
anti-inflation effort could not begin to assess whether the private sector is cooperating with our standards.
It is therefore essential that the Council,
along with its staff operation, be reauthorized early this year. The reauthorization should not contain amendments that
interrupt or restrain the important and
essential work of the Council or its staff.
THE 1981 BUDGET
The budget I will send to the Congress
for FY 1981 will meet this Nation's critical needs; and it will continue the sound
budgetary policies that my Administration
has pursued throughout my term in office.
No single year's budget can accurately
portray the philosophy of an Administration. However, there is a clear pattern in
the budgets I have proposed-restraint in
spending, coupled with careful targeting
of resources to areas of greatest need. My
1981 budget continues this pattern by
lowering the deficit roughly $50 billion
below what it was when I ran for office.
At the same time, I will recommend increases for programs of critical national
concern.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Last year, my budget was austere. I proposed eliminating some programs and reducing spending for others; and these
tough decisions have proven correct and
have provided the country with clear
benefits. I am pleased that the Congress
approved my budget in virtually the form
I proposed. As a result of our actions, the
rate of Federal spending growth has been
slowed. Just as importantly, the widespread expectation that the Federal budget would continue its upward spiral
unchecked has been proven false. We have
moved on to the path necessary for achieving a balanced budget in the very near
future. And we have helped the fight
against inflation.
The 1981 Budget will continue my
policy of restraint. Real growth in spending will be close to zero. The deficit will be
cut by more than half from last year. The
deficit as a percent of the budget and of
GNP will be at the second lowest point
in this decade. We will have the smallest
deficit in seven years. And if the economy
were to continue to grow at a rate which
held the unemployment rate at the current
level, this budget would be in surplus.
At the same time, I am proposing some
vital spending increases in the 1981
Budget. Most of these increases will be in
"uncontrollable" programs (those in
which increases are automatically required by existing law). There will also be
discretionary increases; in part, to
strengthen our defense forces and enhance
our crucial investments in energy production and conservation. In addition, I will
propose a major new initiative to reduce
youth unemployment, and State and local
governments will receive continued fiscal
support from the General Revenue Sharing extension I will propose.
Developing the budget this year has
been, in several respects, more difficult
than in previous years. International tur
moil threatens our vital interests, energy
problems dampen the economy and alter
our domestic priorities, and inflation
erodes basic programs, all adding new
pressures for Federal spending. But I am
confident that this budget responds responsibly-and with needed resources-to
our Nation's most pressing needs and positions us for responsible and effective government in the 1980's.
FISCAL POLICY
As President, I have been concerned
about the tax burden on our citizens and
have, as a result, worked with the Congress to enact two major tax cuts. In 1977,
I proposed, and Congress passed, an $8
billion individual tax cut as part of the
economic stimulus package. In 1978, I
proposed, and Congress passed, a $21 billion individual and business tax cut. This
year, those two cuts will reduce Americans' tax burden by $31 billion.
I recognize that there is interest in another tax cut this year, but my 1981 budget proposes no tax cuts. As long as doubledigit inflation continues and there is no
sign of a recession, our top budgetary
priority must be reduction of the deficit.
Over the long run, continued tight control over budget expenditures will hold
down the share of Federal spending in
GNP. Inflation, on the other hand, is
raising the percentage of national income
collected in taxes. Over time, because -of
these two developments, tax reductions
will be possible while still maintaining the
fiscal restraint needed to control inflation.
However, the timing and structure of any
tax reductions is of critical importance
and must be dictated by our economic
circumstances: the urgency of the antiinflation fight requires that we defer such
tax reductions at this time.
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Jan. 21
Tax reductions put into effect prematurely, and under the wrong economic
conditions, could make inflation worse by
overstimulating the economy. Inflation is
still running at unacceptably high levels.
Virtually all economic forecasters predict the onset of a mild recession and my
Administration's estimates of budget receipts and expenditures in the FY 1981
budget assume a recession. However, none
of the current economic statistics yet show
any overall economic decline. In recent
months the economy has displayed much
more strength than earlier forecasts had
predicted. Forecasts of impending recession may therefore prove to be. as wrong
as previous ones. Employment has held up
well-in part due to unsatisfactory productivity performance. To enact tax cuts
now would run a serious risk of adding
inflationary demand pressures to an economy which continues to grow more strongly than predicted by the forecasts. With
the present high inflation, we cannot afford that risk.
When tax reductions are timely, they
should be designed insofar as possible in
a way that achieves multiple objectivesnot only reducing the tax burden and
stimulating growth, but raising investment and productivity and reducing inflation as well.
In particular, a significant part of any
tax reduction should be directed to the
provision of incentives for increased investment, to improve productivity, expand
capacity, and adjust to higher energy
prices. Serious consideration should be
given, in the case of tax cuts for individuals, to lowering social security payroll
taxes, since half of such reductions would
go towards lowering business costs and
prices.
The necessities of the inflation fight require that we be very cautious about when
taxes are reduced, and how it is done. But
they do not require that we ignore
changes in economic conditions. Should
the economic situation and prospects
sharply worsen, I will consider recommendations to deal with the situation. Under those circumstances, tax cuts and
other measures could be taken to improve
the prospects for employment and growth,
to reduce business costs, and to assist those
most severely damaged by recession, without threatening to set off inflationary demand pressures. However, the current economic situation does not warrant such
measures and it would be inappropriate to
propose them at this time.
EMPLOYMENT
My Administration, working closely
with Congress, has made significant progress in reducing the serious unemployment
problems that existed three years ago.
* The December unemployment rate
of 5.9% represents a 25% reduction from
the December 1976 rate.
* Over 9.2 million more people have
jobs than before the beginning of the Administration.
* Total employment has reached an alltime high of 98 million in December.
* Nonwhite employment has increased
by 1.4 million persons or 15.5%.
* Adult female employment has increased by 5 million persons.
* Employment of black teenagers,
which had actually decreased during the
1969-1975 period, has increased by more
than 15% since I took office. Although
unemployment rates for all youth, especially minority youth, are still too high,
progress has been made.
We will continue to make progress in
the 1980's as a result of the framework
which has already been established and
which will be strengthened this year.
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* The Comprehensive Employment
and Training Act (CETA) was reauthorized in 1978 for four years.
* The Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act became law after many
years of effort.
* The Private Sector Initiatives Program, a new partnership between the
government and the private sector to
assist the most disadvantaged unemployed, is being successfully implemented.
* A targeted jobs tax credit has been
enacted to provide employers with the economic incentives needed to increase their
hiring of unemployed low-income youth
and others who historically have difficulty
finding jobs.
* A massive effort to reduce the problems causing excessive youth unemployment rates is being strengthened and revitalized this year with a new $2 billion
youth education, training, and employment program.
This year, we will work aggressively to
make certain that this framework continues to be successfully implemented.
Even that effort may not be sufficient, if
economic forecasts are accurate, to keep
the unemployment rate from rising. We
will be monitoring the economy closely.
If unemployment should dramatically increase, I will be prepared to consider actions to counter that increase, consistent
with our overriding concern about accelerating inflation. At this time though,
when unemployment is at its lowest level
in years, it would be premature and unwise to propose measures that might be
helpful in a time of recession-induced
high unemployment.
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT
The fact that we have had persistently
high unemployment among poor and
minority youth for three decades demon
strates clearly the inadequacies of our system for teaching, training and helping
young people to find and keep decent
jobs.
The economic challenges of the 1980's
will require the energy and commitment
of the entire American work force. We
cannot afford to waste 'anyone's talents.
If we are to become the society of our
ideals, we must provide economic opportunity for all.
My Administration is committed to a
renewed national effort to remove any
unnecessary obstacles to a productive life
for every American.
Over the past three years, we have developed a solid record. We have increased
resources for youth employment and training programs from $2.5 to over $4 billion.
We have conducted the largest experimental youth program effort ever attempted. We have reduced overall youth
unemployment rates by 15%. But this is
not good enough. Youth unemployment,
especially for the poor and minorities, is
still unacceptably high.
Based on the experience we have
gained over the past three years, and on
the advice of the thousands of Americans
who helped the Vice President's Task
Force on Youth Employment over the last
nine months, my Administration has devised a new approach, which I announced
two weeks ago. Under my program, the
most significant new domestic initiative I
will be sending to Congress this year, the
Federal government will be making its
most comprehensive effort ever to eradicate the causes of excessive and harmful
youth unemployment.
By 1982 this new program will have increased Federal resources committed to
reducing youth unemployment by $2 billion, to a total of $6 billion. The program
will have two key components: for in
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school youth, we will have a major effort
through the Department of Education to
teach basic skills to low-achieving youth in
junior and senior high schools located in
low-income communities, while providing work experience and training after
school hours. For disadvantaged out-ofschool youth, we will provide, through the
Department of Labor, redesigned and expanded work experience and training
programs, as well as basic skills programs
managed by the Department of Education.
The Department of Education's basic
education and skill training program,
when fully implemented, will provide
basic education and employment skills to
approximately 1 million low-achieving
junior and senior high school students in
about 3,000 of the poorest urban and
rural school districts around the country.
The new program will emphasize:
-basic skills for low-achieving youngsters, including help for students with
limited ability in English;
-school-wide planning with the active
involvement of teachers, parents, employers, and the community;
-using the link between work and
classroom-learning as a way to motivate students to stay in school; and
-a major role for vocational education
in preparing young people for work.
The Department of Labor's new Youth
Employment Program, when fully implemented, will provide education, work experience, training, labor market information and other services to more than 500,000 additional young people in each year.
The new resources, when added to current
programs, will serve over 2.5 million 14- to
21-year olds each year.
The program will emphasize:
-additional training and work experience opportunities for older and outof-school youth;
-stringent performance standards for
both participants and program operators;
-financial incentives to encourage
greater cooperation between CETA
sponsors, local employers, and school
officials; and
-consolidation of three of the existing
CETA youth programs and closer coordination with the summer employment program to simplify local administration and reduce paperwork.
We have learned from the 1960's and
the 1970's. We know we must concentrate
on administration and management. We
know that we must have tough performance standards, not merely allocation
formulas. We know that the partnership
between government and all elements of
the private sector must be made a reality,
and that focusing on basic skills now is the
key to job success in the future.
We also know that the hope our young
people have for their lives in this great
country is our most precious resource. We
must keep that hope alive.
We will be working closely and intensively with the Congress to enact and carry
out this youth employment program as
soon as possible.
TRADE
This past year was one of unmatched
and historic achievement for a vital component of the U.S. economy-exports and
trade. In 1979, nearly 3 million jobs in our
manufacturing industries, or one out of
every seven jobs in manufacturing, depended upon our export performance in
overseas markets.
Our exports were a key contributor to
the growth of the U.S. economy in 1979.
Exports of agricultural and industrial
goods grew by an unparalleled $35 billion, reaching a level of $180 billion. This
represented an increase of 25% over ex
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ports in 1978. This record increase in exports, coupled with a slower rate of
growth of imports, resulted in substantial
improvements of $5 billion in our balance
of trade. Furthermore, a rapid growth of
service exports in 1979 led to a $13 billion improvement in the current account,
bringing that account from a deficit in
1978 to near balance in 1979.
I expect that in 1980 our exports will
continue to strengthen and that, if we
can continue to further conserve and limit
imports of oil, we will further improve our
trade balance position and that of the
dollar. The future for American exports
is bright, and will remain so, despite the
necessity of suspending certain exports to
the Soviet Union.
This Administration has accomplished
several goals in the last year in assuring
that there will continue to be greater exports and, therefore, job possibilities for
U.S. workers and farmers.
To improve the condition of access of
U.S. exports to foreign markets, I signed
into force in July of last year a new trade
act which reflected two years of hard bargaining in the recently concluded round
of multilateral trade negotiations. These
negotiations, which included all major developed and lesser developed countries,
resulted in agreements to strengthen the
rules of conduct of international trade and
open new markets to U.S. exports. These
negotiations were of historic importance
in their scope and accomplishment, and
their success is attributable to close cooperation that existed during and after
the negotiations between the Congress, the
private sector and the Administration.
Our negotiating success now challenges
us to take advantage of the opportunity
for improving further our export performance. To meet this challenge, I proposed
in 1979 a major reorganization of the government's trade policy and export promo
tion activities. That reorganization will
strengthen government coordination in
the trade field and provide an improved
basis for protecting American interest in
the recently negotiated trade agreements.
I put this reorganization into effect, with
Congressional approval, earlier this
month. With the changes initiated in my
trade reorganization, we will ensure that
trade between the United States and its
trading partners will be conducted fairly
and openly.
Consistent with my decisions on suspending certain types of trade with the
Soviet Union, my Administration will be
seeking this year to find additional ways to
foster U.S. export expansion. We are
studying the possibility of further agreements on expanded trade with both traditional and newer trade partners, including
China. I look forward to working with the
Congress on ways we can continue to improve our trading position which, in turn,
will help maintain a prosperous American
economy.
SMALL BUSINESS
This year marks the high point of three
years of accomplishment for small business under my Administration, and the
beginning of a decade of continuing effort
to strengthen this large and vital sector of
our economy.
The White House Conference on Small
Business, which I convened eighteen
months ago and which has just concluded
its deliberations, fulfills a pledge I made
in 1976 that the voice of small business
would be heard in my Administration.
In anticipation of the Conference, I called
on the head of every executive Department and agency to propose at least one
initiative of benefit to small business. Over
160 separate initiatives have been proposed and are under examination, and
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Jan. 21
many of them have already been put in
effect.
We have made great strides in reforming our regulatory process, cutting down
Federal paperwork and developing flexible regulations which provide for minimizing or eliminating burdens on smaller
businesses. The capital gains tax has been
significantly reduced, and corporate taxes
on small businesses have been lowered.
We have also increased Small Business
Administration lending activity, from $1.8
billion in 1976 to $3.1 billion in 1979, an
increase of 72 %. Since 1977 we have more
than doubled Federal purchases of goods
and services from minority firms from $1.1
billion to $2.5 billion in 1979. I am confident that such purchases will exceed $3.5
billion this year.
I have put into place a comprehensive
policy to strengthen the role of women in
business, and have directed Federal agencies to take affirmative action to include
women in management assistance and
other business-related programs.
SBA's advocacy role has been strengthened at my direction, and SBA has been
added to the membership of the Regulatory Council and the Productivity Council, to help assure that the problems and
issues facing small business are addressed
wherever relevant policy decisions are
made with the Federal government.
To reduce the paperwork and regulatory burdens small businesses face in raising capital, I have recently proposed a
Small Business Issuers' Simplification Act.
This legislation will exempt from the burdensome registration requirements of the
Federal securities laws sales of securities by
small businesses to institutional investors,
such as banks, insurance companies and
pension funds, and others making investments of at least $100,000.
Finally, last week I sent to the Congress
a Message on Small Business to emphasize
the vital importance of small business and
to report to you on the steps we have
already taken and plan to take in 1980 to
strengthen small business.
MINORITY BUSINESS
From the beginning of my term, I have
worked with the Congress to increase opportunities for minority business. As a result of our efforts, enormous progress has
been made in the last three years:
* Federal procurement from minorityowned firms has increased by nearly
two and a half times;
* Federal deposits in minority-owned
banks have nearly doubled;
* minority ownership of radio and
television stations has increased by
65%;
* almost 15% of the funds spent under
the Local Public Works Act of 1977
went to minority-owned firms;
* the Section 8(a) program operated
by the Small Business Administration
has been reformed and strengthened.
This year, my Administration is committed to expanding upon the progress
made to date. This year, I am committed
to more than tripling the 1977 level of
federal procurement from minority-owned
firms, and I have no doubt we can meet
that goal.
My 1981 budget improves the targeting
of Small Business Administration loans to
minority-owned businesses. We will also
expand management, technical, and training assistance for minority firms and provide substantial funding increases for
minority capital development under the
SBA's minority enterprise small business
investment company (MESBIC) program.
I will also be proposing to the Congress
a minority business legislative initiative to
establish in the Department of Commerce
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a Minority Business Development Agency.
That Agency, a successor to the Office of
Minority Business Enterprise, was established last year under administrative authority, but I believe Congressional
authorization would strengthen its operating abilities.
WOMEN IN BUSINESS
Last year I announced a new policy to
strengthen and foster the growth of
women-owned businesses. My new budget
includes funds to make this policy a reality
by increasing SBA direct loans to women
by 50%, by assisting women in gaining
access to sources of financing, and by expanding management and technical assistance to women. By insuring that women
have fuller access to opportunities to start
and maintain their own enterprises, we
will start a genuine momentum to take
full advantage of the contribution which
women can make to the growth and productivity of our economy.
II. CREATING ENERGY SECURITY
Since I took office, my highest legislative priorities have involved the development of our Nation's first comprehensive
energy policy. The struggle to achieve that
policy has been difficult for all of us, but
the accomplishments of the past three
years leave no doubt that our country is
finally serious about the problems caused
by our over-dependence on foreign oil.
The accomplishments can be lost, however, and the progress stopped, if we fail
to move forward even further this year.
There is no single panacea that will solve
our energy crisis. We must rely on and encourage multiple forms of productioncoal, crude oil, natural gas, solar, nuclear,
synthetics-and conservation.
It is therefore essential that Congress
enact the major energy bills I proposed
last year; and their enactment will be my
most immediate and highest legislative
priority this year.
WINDFALL PROFITS TAX
My highest, most immediate legislative
priority during this Session is prompt passage of a sound windfall profits tax on
crude oil.
Last April, I proposed a tough windfall
profits tax to recoup a portion of the unearned income that would accrue to the
oil companies as a result of the phased
decontrol of domestic crude oil prices and
OPEC price increases. It is essential that
these revenues be invested on behalf of
all Americans to help us become an energy
secure nation. The revenues from the tax
will be used to support key national energy
goals: low-income energy assistance, improved and expanded mass transit and
energy supply and conservation programs.
The windfall tax that I proposed was
also carefully designed to provide incentives needed to increase domestic oil production. Under my proposal, we expect
a barrel per day increase in domestic production due to decontrol and higher
world prices. Without any windfall profits tax production would be only marginally higher by 1985.
The American people clearly want and
our national energy needs clearly require-a tough windfall tax. We cannot
afford further delay.
The House-Senate Conference Committee has reached agreement on a tax
raising $227 billion over the next ten
years. A tax at that level is acceptable,
provided the components of the tax are
consistent with sound energy policy. I
urge the conferees and the Congress to
approve forthwith a tax that I can sign.
There can be no higher legislative
priority.
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ENERGY MOBILIZATION BOARD
Last July, together with a comprehensive energy program, I asked Congress to
join with me to create an Energy Mobilization Board (EMB). The Board can
cut through burdensome and unnecessary
red tape and reach prompt decisions on
designated priority energy projects. Decision-making can be streamlined without
overriding of substantive law, which I
strongly oppose. The Board is a key element of our strategy to attain energy security by cutting foreign oil imports in the
coming years. Prompt passage of the
EMB is one of my highest priorities this
year, and I urge the Congress to complete
its action on this proposal without delay.
ENERGY SECURITY CORPORATION
Last year, I proposed the creation of
an Energy Security Corporation to lead
our national effort to develop and produce synthetic fuels, coal-based synthetics, oil shale and biomass. The Corporation would be an independent body,
chartered by the government and authorized to use a variety of financing toolsprincipally price guarantees, Federal purchases, and loan guarantees-to stimulate private sector development of synthetic energy alternatives to imported oil.
I have recommended that the Corporation be given a goal to develop the capacity to produce 1.75 million barrels per
day of synthetic fuels, oil shale, and biomass by 1990. With an ability to produce
commercially synthetic alternatives to
foreign crude oil, our Nation will have
effectively capped the price which foreign
oil producers can charge for crude oil.
We cannot do the job we must do for
our Nation's security by operating this
program from within the government.
The Corporation can much more easily
obtain the needed talent and operate
without the constraints binding a government agency.
Enactment of the legislation containing
the Energy Security Corporation is one of
my highest legislative priorities for this
Session. I urge the conferees to complete
this work expeditiously so that the Corporation can open its doors as early as
possible this year.
REDUCTION IN UTILITY OIL USE
I will soon send to the Congress legislation which will assist utilities in the use
of coal, and encourage them to retire existing oil burning plants for generating
electricity. The Department of Energy
and my staff have worked very closely
with Congressional energy leadership
over the last several months to develop a
legislative proposal which can be acted
upon quickly.
My proposed utility oil use reduction
legislation will help us to achieve two of
our basic energy goals-decreasing our
dependence on foreign oil and increasing
our production of more abundant and
secure energy supplies, such as coal. For
that reason, passage of this legislation will
be one of my highest energy priorities this
year.
GASOLINE RATIONING
I will soon be sending to Congress for its
approval a standby gasoline rationing
plan, under the authority of legislation I
signed into law last year. In developing
this plan, we have given priority attention
to accommodating essential gasoline usage, bearing in mind the need to design a
plan which is workable and which can be
put into place quickly if a severe emergency arises.
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I recognize the difficulty of developing a
plan that meets the many competing
State and local concerns. Last year's experience demonstrated that difficulty very
well. I am determined, as I am certain
Congress is, to avoid repeating it.
My Administration will work very closely with Congress on the standby plan. I
hope the Congress will recognize the overriding national importance of emergency
preparedness and will take action early to
approve my proposed plan.
I do not intend, under our current supply conditions, to implement a rationing
program. But we can no longer afford to
be unprepared for the possibility of further severe interruptions in energy
supplies.
ENERGY CONSERVATION
In my very first energy address to the
Nation in April 1977, I stressed the importance of conservation as the cornerstone of our national energy policy. It is
the cheapest and fastest means of reducing our dependence on imported oil and
it constitutes an alternative source of
supply. To the extent that we conservein our homes, factories, cars, and public
buildings-we make the task of providing
secure sources of energy for the future
that much more attainable.
In November 1978, I signed into law
our country's first energy conservation tax
credits. These provide up to $300 for
home conservation investments, and an
additional 10 percent investment tax
credit for industrial investments in energy
efficient equipment. At the same time, we
put in place a requirement that utilities
provide energy audits for their customers
and offer to arrange financing. We also
established stiff taxes on new gas guzzling
automobiles. As a result of my April 1977
initiatives, we are also providing a total of
$900 million over three years to weatherize schools and hospitals across the Nation.
Last July, I proposed a program to provide $5.8 billion over the next decade to
subsidize interest rates on homeowner
loans for conservation investments. This
program will be targeted to low- and
moderate-income homeowners and apartment owners for whom the tax credits are
less effective as an incentive. Under this
program it is expected that consumers'
total monthly bills will decline since the
financial savings.resulting from lower energy use will be greater than the monthly
payments on the subsidized loans.
I consider this new program to be an
essential piece of my overall conservation
strategy and urge the House-Senate Conference Committee now working on the
bill containing this provision to complete
work promptly.
Energy conservation must also go forward at the State and local levels. To help
that important effort, I am again urging
Congress to pass my proposal, under the
authority of the proposed Energy Management and Partnership Act, to provide
grants to local governments to meet national energy conservation goals.
SOLAR ENERGY
Last June, I sent the Congress a Message on Solar Energy outlining my Administration's solar program and setting a
national goal for the year 2000 of deriving
20% of this Nation's energy from solar
and renewable resources. A firm and ambitious course-not only by the Federal
government but also by State and local
governments, private industry, academia
and private citizens-is required to reach
this goal.
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As part of my solar program announced
in June, I proposed a number of initiatives to the Congress to assist in solar energy development. Among those were the
establishment of a Solar Energy Development Bank funded at $150 million per
year to provide subsidized loans for the
installation of solar equipment on homes
and commercial structures, and additional
tax credits for passive solar construction,
wood stoves, industrial and agricultural
solar applications, and gasohol. These initiatives have yet to be enacted by the
Congress and I urge prompt action on
these measures to help speed the penetration of solar technologies in the marketplace.
In addition, my FY 1980 program for
solar energy exceeded $1 billion government-wide. This is more than three times
greater than the program in place when I
took office. In FY 1981 government-wide
expenditures for solar and renewable energy will be nearly $1.4 billion and will include programs administered by the Departments of Energy, Agriculture, Interior, Defense, State, Housing and Urban
Development, and the Tennessee Valley
Authority. The Federal solar program has
as its overall objectives, the emphasis on
basic research and development of solar
technologies not currently economic such
as photovoltaics, where electricity is generated directly from the sun, and the provision of funding and technical information to accelerate the use of marketable
solar technologies which are available
now. Solar heat and hot water and wood
energy are among these technologies.
We will continue to work with the Congress this session on passage of critical
solar energy legislation. We are making
progress on the transition away from our
dependence on fossil fuels and towards the
widespread use of renewable sources of
energy. We must maintain an aggressive
policy to achieve this transition.
NUCLEAR SAFETY
Immediately following the accident at
Three Mile Island, I established a Presidential Commission, chaired by the President of Dartmouth College, to report to
me on actions needed to prevent recurrence of this kind of accident. Safety is
and will remain my Administration's primary priority in the regulation and management of nuclear power. I have taken
steps to correct virtually all problems
identified by the Kemeny Commission and
have acted to implement most of its specific recommendations, including:
* A reorganization of the NRC to
strengthen the role of the Chairman. I
will soon send to Congress a reorganization plan to give the Chairman power to
select key personnel and act on behalf of
the Commission during an emergency.
* Appointment of a new Chairman of
the NRC from outside the agency when
the next vacancy occurs. In the meantime, I have designated Commissioner
Ahearne as Chairman with a mandate to
initiate changes needed to assure the safety
of nuclear power plant operations.
* Direction to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency to lead all off-site
emergency activities and review all emergency plans in States with operating reactors by June.
* A request to the NRC to accelerate its
program to place a resident Federal inspector at every reactor site, and to upgrade training and evaluation programs
for reactor operators.
I endorsed the approach the NRC
adopted to pause in licensing, but have
urged the Commission to complete its
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work as quickly as possible, and in any
event no later than June of this year.
Once we have instituted the necessary
reforms to assure safety, we must resume
the licensing process promptly so that the
new plants which we need to reduce our
dependence on foreign oil can be built
and operated. Nuclear power is an option
that we should keep open.
GASOHOL
I have recently proposed a program to
accelerate dramatically America's production and use of gasohol, as yet another important way on which we can wage-and
win-our energy war.
My Administration is committed to a
program which will provide between $8.5
billion and $12.8 billion of assistance to
stimulate production of alcohol fuels over
the coming decade. We will quadruple
current gasohol production capacity by
the end of this year. During 1981, we
should be capable of producing ethanol
at an annual rate of 500 million gallonsmore than six times the current rate. If
this entire amount of ethanol were turned
into gasohol, it would replace almost 10 %
of our anticipated demand for unleaded
gasoline in 1981.
Our overall gasohol program will spur
the investments that we together must
make for a more secure energy future. We
will create new markets for our farmers.
We will no longer have to throw away
waste materials which can be turned into
profitable, essential fuels.
Our Nation's enormous agricultural
and fiber resources can be used to help
provide a secure source of energy for our
future. By producing gasohol from fiber
and agricultural by-products, we can meet
fuel needs for millions of Americans, including our farmers. I am eager to work
with the Congress on my alcohol fuels
program, so that we can soon have legislation that will authorize and provide the
funding for this important energy
development.
ENERGY IMPACT ASSISTANCE
As new domestic energy resources are
developed, particularly in rural or isolated
areas of the country, we must provide for
the needs of rapidly developing communities. My Administration will continue to
work with the Congress to enact legislation establishing an Inland Energy Assistance program, with funding of $150 million per year, to aid those States and local
areas which are experiencing a rapid
growth in population as a result of new
energy supply development. These communities often cannot plan for or meet
increased need for new public facilities
or services, since the population increases
occur before the new energy supply activities are fully developed and producing
local revenues. This legislation is essential
to ensure that the burdens associated with
solving our energy problems are borne
equitably by all citizens and regions of
the country.
III. ENHANCING BASIC HUMAN AND
SOCIAL NEEDS
For too many years immediately preceding my Administration, too many of
our Nation's basic human and social needs
were being ignored or dealt with insensitively by the Federal government. Over
the past three years, we have significantly
increased funding for many of the vital
programs in these areas; developed new
programs where needs were unaddressed;
targeted Federal support to those individuals and areas most in need of our assistance; and removed barriers that have unnecessarily kept many disadvantaged citi
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zens from obtaining aid for their most
basic needs.
Our efforts over the past three years
have produced clear progress in our effort
to solve some of the country's fundamental human and social problems. The Administration and the Congress, working
together, have demonstrated that government must and can meet our -citizens' basic
human and social needs in a responsible
and compassionate way.
But there is an unfinished agenda still
before the Congress. If we are to meet our
obligations to help all Americans realize
the dreams of sound health care, decent
housing, effective social services, a good
education, and a meaningful job, we still
have important legislation to enact this
year. The legislation is before the Congress, and I will be working with you toward its enactment.
Health
NATIONAL HEALTH PLAN
Last June, I proposed to Congress a
National Health Plan which will enable
the country to reach the goal of comprehensive, universal health care coverage.
The legislation I submitted lays the
foundation for this comprehensive plan
and addresses the most serious problems
of health financing and delivery. It is realistic, affordable, and enactable. It does
not overpromise or overspend, and, as a
result, can be the solution to the thirty
years of Congressional battles on national
health insurance. My Plan includes the
following key features:
* nearly 15 million additional poor
would receive fully-subsidized comprehensive coverage;
* pre-natal and delivery services are
provided for all pregnant women
and coverage is provided for all
acute care for infants in their first
year of life;
* the elderly and disabled would have
a limit of $1,250 placed on annual
out-of-pocket medical expenses and
would no longer face limits on hospital coverage;
* all full-time employees and their families would receive insurance against
at least major medical expenses
under mandated employer coverage;
* Medicare and Medicaid would be
combined and expanded into an umbrella Federal program, Healthcare,
for increased program efficiency, accountability and uniformity; and
* strong cost controls and health system reforms would be implemented
initiatives, including greater incentives for Health Maintenance Organizations.
If enacted this year, my Plan would
begin providing benefits in 1983.
I urge the Congress to compare my Plan
with the alternatives-programs which
either do too little to improve the health
care needs of Americans most in need or
programs which would impose enormous
financial burdens on the American taxpayers. When that comparison is completed, I am convinced the Congress will see
the need for and the benefits of my Plan
and work toward prompt enactment. We
cannot afford further delay in this vital
area.
HOSPITAL COST CONTAINMENT
Hospital Cost Containment remains the
single most important piece of legislation
that the Congress can pass to demonstrate
its commitment to fight inflation. This legislative initiative will save billions of dollars for our Nation's consumers by
eliminating unnecessary and wasteful
hospital services. We can no longer allow
hospital inflation to put needed health
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care out of the reach of the average American. In a sector where there is an absence
of competitive forces, Hospital Cost Containment legislation is necessary to restrain
spending, while the process of developing
other effective measures proceeds. The
longer we delay enacting Cost Containment, the more expensive our fight against
hospital inflation will become. I am asking
the Senate to move quickly on this
legislation.
HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE
PREVENTION
Last July, the Surgeon General released
Healthy People, a landmark report on
health promotion and disease prevention.
The report signals the growing consensus
that the Nation's health strategy must be
refocused in the 1980's to emphasize the
prevention of disease. Specifically, the report lays out measurable and achievable
goals in the reduction of mortality which
can be reached by 1990.
Consistent with this report, the health
strategy I will propose in my FY 1981
budget places unprecedented emphasis on
prevention. This strategy includes increased funding for many new and continuing programs in the areas of environmental hazards, workplace health and
safety, commercial product safety, traffic
safety, community water fluoridation, and
health education, promotion and information.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH
Ensuring a healthy start in life for
children remains not only a high priority
of my Administration, but also one of the
most cost effective forms of health care.
When I took office, immunization levels
for preventable childhood diseases had
fallen to 70%. As a result of a concerted
nationwide effort during my Administra
tion, I am pleased to report that now at
least 90% of children under 15, and virtually all school-age children are immunized. In addition, reported cases of measles
and mumps are at their lowest levels ever.
Under the National Health Plan I have
proposed, there will be no cost-sharing for
prenatal and delivery services for all pregnant women and for acute care provided
to infants in their first year of life. These
preventive services are recognized to have
extremely high returns in terms of improved newborn and long-term child
health.
Under the Child Health Assurance Program (CHAP) legislation which I have
already submitted to this Congress, an additional two million low-income children
under 18 will become eligible for Medicaid benefits, which will include special
health assessments. CHAP will also improve the continuity of care for the nearly
14 million children now eligible for Medicaid. An additional 100,000 low-income
pregnant women will become eligible for
prenatal care under the proposal. We
must work together this year to enact
CHAP and thereby provide millions of
needy children with essential health
services.
For the third consecutive year, I am
requesting expansion of the special supplemental food program for women, infants,
and children. Under my proposal, over 2
million low-income nutritionally needy
mothers, their nursing infants, and children will receive special food supplements
each month. These food supplements
have been shown to prevent ill health
thereby reducing later medical costs.
In addition to these legislative initiatives, I will propose increased funding in
the FY 1981 budget for the successful
Family Planning program, which targets
services on low-income women and adolescents at high risk for unwanted preg
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Jan. 21
nancy. Further, the 1981 budget contains
continued funding for my Adolescent
Health initiative, which is designed to
provide and coordinate services to pregnant teenagers as well as reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies.
EXPANSION OF SERVICES TO THE POOR
AND UNDERSERVED
My health proposals for FY 1981 will
place high priority on expanding other
improvements which have been made during my Administration in the access and
continuity of care for medically underserved groups. I will propose substantially
increased funding for the most successful
programs in this area, including Community and Migrant Health Centers, and
the National Health Service Corps program, which places health professionals in
rural and urban medically underserved
areas. In addition, I am proposing legislation to make coverage of clinics providing comprehensive primary care services
a mandatory benefit under Medicaid.
MENTAL HEALTH
Last year, I submitted a Mental Health
Message to Congress and proposed the
Mental Health Systems Act, which is
based upon recommendations of my Commission on Mental Health. The Act is designed to inaugurate a new era of Federal
and State partnership in the planning and
provision of mental health services. In
addition, the Act specifically provides for
prevention and support services to the
chronically mentally ill, to prevent unnecessary institutionalization, prevention
services, and for the development of community-based mental health services.
This year, my Administration will be
working intensively with the Congress for
prompt enactment of this important legislation, and the First Lady will continue
her substantial work in this area, as an effective spokesperson and advocate for
mental health reform throughout the
country.
WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY
My Administration will continue to enforce fully laws protecting worker health
and safety in a sensible and efficient manner. We will be making further efforts to
eliminate frivolous and unneeded rules,
while concentrating greater enforcement
efforts on the most dangerous and particularly the most unhealthy occupational
environments. More effective management of our worker safety programs will
serve the interest that both labor and
management have in better working
conditions.
DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION
At the beginning of my Administration
there were over a half million heroin addicts in the United States. Our continued
emphasis on reducing the supply of heroin,
as well as providing treatment and rehabilitation to its victims, has reduced the
heroin addict population to 380,000, reduced the number of heroin overdose
deaths by 80%, and reduced the number
of heroin related injuries by 50%. However, drug abuse in many forms continues
to detract from the quality of life and is
of great concern to us and the people of
all nations.
I am particularly concerned over the increasing quantities of heroin originating
in Iran and Southwest Asia and we will
continue to be especially alert to this
threat in 1980. During 1980, we will also
strive to reduce the supply of illegal drugs,
both at their overseas sources and within
the United States. While continuing a
comprehensive treatment program, our
priority will be to reduce drug abuse
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
among adolescents. One of the important
goals of my Administration at the beginning of this decade is to change the social
acceptance of drug use.
FOOD AND NUTRITION
Building on the comprehensive reform
of the Food Stamp Program that I proposed and Congress passed in 1977, my
Administration and the Congress worked
together last year to enact several other
important changes in the Program. These
changes will further simplify administration and reduce fraud and error, will
make the program more responsive to the
needs of the elderly and disabled, and will
increase the cap on allowable program expenditures. In this session, I will continue
to work with the Congress to achieve additional improvements in the Food Stamp
Program and to eliminate permanently
the expenditure cap. I will also propose
this year that Congress pass the Administration's Child Nutrition Amendments to
target assistance under our school meal
programs to those most in need.
Education
The stern challenges of the 80's place
new demands on every sector of our society. Education is the insurance we have
to provide the talent and capability to
meet every demand on our National
agenda. The challenge of the 80's in education is to see that quantity education
becomes quality education. That is a challenge we can meet. Last year, my Administration and the Congress successfully
collaborated to create a new Department
of Education. The Department will give
education a stronger voice at the Federal
level, while at the same time reserving the
actual control and operation of education
to states, localities, and private institutions. The Department combines nearly
150 existing Federal education programs
into a cohesive, streamlined organization
that will be more responsive to the needs
of educators and students. The Department will cut red tape and paperwork
to make the flow of Federal dollars to
school districts and institutions of higher
education more efficient, thereby providing students and educators with more
benefits per dollar of Federal funds. We
are determined to work closely with the
Congress this year in making certain that
the Department begins on a sound basis,
consistent with the purposes and hopes
Congress had when creating it.
To ensure adequate financial resources
for education, I have requested, since
taking office, an overall increase in Federal aid to education of 75% above the
previous Administration's last budget.
Many programs, including those serving
disadvantaged and handicapped students
and those providing financial aid to students enrolled in postsecondary education,
have benefited from ever larger percentage increases during my Administration.
My FY 1981 budget request in education will represent a generous increase
over last year's budget. There will be particularly significant increases in a number
of programs serving special populations,
in addition to the major new program
designed to give youth the basic skills
needed to get and keep a job. I am also
recommending a substantial increase in
the programs which deal with international education, to improve our understanding of other nations.
In addition, proposals I submitted last
July to reauthorize the Higher Education
Act are still under consideration in the
Congress. The centerpiece of my proposals
for the student financial aid programs is
a major reform of the student loan programs. My proposal would, for the first
time, provide a comprehensive program
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Jan. 21
of loans from the Federal government for
higher education students who need them.
Our proposals would eliminate much of
the paperwork and confusion that have
plagued students, parents, and colleges by
mandating a single application form for
all Federal need-based assistance.
It is essential that this reauthorization
be enacted this year. But the reauthorization legislation must be consistent with my
commitment to a restrained, responsible
budget. We are eager to work with the
Congress to achieve this goal as soon as
possible.
Income Security
WELFARE REFORM
Last year, I proposed a welfare reform
package which offers solutions to some of
the most urgent problems in our welfare
system. This proposal is embodied in two
bills-The Work and Training Opportunities Act and The Social Welfare Reform Amendments Act. Within the framework of our present welfare system, my reform proposals offer achievable means to
increase self-sufficiency through work
rather than welfare, more adequate assistance to people unable to work, the removal of inequities in coverage under
current programs, and fiscal relief needed
by States and localities.
Our current welfare system is long
overdue for serious reform; the system is
wasteful and not fully effective. The legislation I have proposed will help eliminate inequities by establishing a national
minimum benefit, and by directly relating benefit levels to the poverty threshold. It will reduce program complexity,
which leads to inefficiency and waste, by
simplifying and coordinating administration among different programs.
Last year the House passed The Social
Welfare Reform Amendments Act, which
addresses the major problems in our cash
assistance programs. This year, we must
continue this momentum toward welfare
reform. I am determined to do whatever I can to help enact the two bills
needed for the most comprehensive reform of the welfare system in our history.
CHILD WELFARE
My Administration has worked closely
with the Congress on legislation which is
designed to improve greatly the child welfare services and foster care programs
and to create a Federal system of adoption assistance. The work of the Congress
on this legislation is now almost completed. The well-being of children in
need of homes and their permanent placement are primary concerns of my Administration, and I am determined to see improvement in the system which cares for
these children. This legislation will help
ensure that.
LOW-INCOME ENERGY ASSISTANCE
Last year, I proposed a program to
provide a total of $2.4 billion per year to
low-income households which are hardest hit by rising energy bills. With Congress' cooperation, we were able to move
quickly to provide $1.6 billion for assistance needed this winter. Of that amount
$1.2 billion was provided for grants to
eligible households and $400 million
for an energy crisis assistance program.
The first checks were received by eligible
families and individuals in early January.
I have already proposed, and will continue to press for, legislation which provides $2.4 billion a year for low-income
energy assistance. Funding from this program will come from the Windfall Profits Tax. Continuing this assistance is one
of my high priorities in this session of
Congress.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
SOCIAL SECURITY
I have been deeply committed to restoring the public's confidence and trust
in the Social Security System. With the
passage of the Social Security Amendments of 1977, the financial stability of
the System was improved. Each month 35
million Americans receive pension and
disability checks. They can rely on doing
so without fear of interruption.
We must, however, address the continuing financial viability of the Social
Security System in light of changing economic circumstances. We must also review the equity of the sex-related distinctions contained in the system's benefit
provisions.
To help ensure the system's viability,
I will propose legislation to permit borrowing among the separate trust funds.
This measure will strengthen the Social
Security System for current and future
beneficiaries. I will also review closely the
work of several major study groups, and
will consult with experts in the Department of Health and Human Services and
the Congress to assess their recommendations.
DISABILITY INSURANCE REFORMS
As a result of the legislation we enacted
in 1977, which strengthened the financing of the Social Security System, the Social Security disability insurance program
is now in stable financial condition. Last
year, my Administration proposed modifications in the program to further improve its administration and to increase
incentives for disabled beneficiaries to
seek rehabilitation and to return to work.
In 1980, we will work with the Congress
to enact these reforms. I hope the Congress will stay as close as possible to my
original proposal.
Housing
My Administration has brought improved stability to the Nation's housing
market. Housing starts from 1977 through
1979 averaged more than 1.9 million units
per year. We have been and remain committed to assuring the availability of an
adequate level of mortgage credit during
a period of record high interest rates. Toward that goal, we developed the sixmonth money market certificate and
broadened the secondary market activity
of the Government National Mortgage
Association and the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation. Most recently, the
bank regulators introduced two and onehalf year certificates which should become
valuable sources of funds for savings institutions, enabling them to continue a
high level of mortgage lending.
I am pleased that our anti-inflation
policies have begun to slow the rate of
growth in home prices. Within the context
of our overall economic strategy, we will
continue to support measures which provide for improved stability in the housing
industry, avoiding the boom and bust
cycles that led to unemployment, business
failures and dislocation in the past. I have
sent to the Congress legislation to update
the government's emergency authority,
under the Brooke-Cranston program to
purchase mortgages in times of economic
stress. The current authority could not be
used effectively. I urge quick Congressional action on this legislation, so that the
Administration will be in a position to use
this program, if necessary.
We have also brought improved stability and predictability and higher production to the provision of assisted housing for
low- and moderate-income Americans, including the elderly and the handicapped.
During the period from 1978 through
1981, my Administration will have com
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Jan. 21
mitted nearly 1.3 million units of housing
for lower, income renters and homeowners. Actual construction starts reached
175,000 units in 1979, a level which we
will sustain through the next several years.
I will be proposing in my FY 1981
budget a level of 300,000 assisted rental
units and 25,000 assisted homeownership
units, a total 25% increase over 1980
levels. This recommendation reflects my
Administration's concern about the number of poor Americans still living in substandard housing. I will also propose this
year to extend HUD's home ownership
assistance and interest subsidies to lowincome tenants in designated revitalization areas. That will help address the particular problem of displacement of lowincome persons and the elderly by urban
revitalization and condominium conversions.
My Administration will again be working with the Congress to pass the condominium reform legislation that I proposed last year. That legislation will provide basic protections for the purchasers
of condominium units. Many unit owners
lack adequate remedies to redress serious
inequities under existing law, and expeditious Federal action in this area is a
priority.
In 1980 we will also propose a number
of significant new legislative initiatives. I
will be proposing a comprehensive simplification and consolidation of the Nation's
basic housing laws on mortgage insurance
and mortgage credit activities of the Federal Housing Administration and the Government National Mortgage Association.
This proposal will make the services of
these agencies more understandable and
accessible to the American public.
I will also be recommending prompt
Congressional action to extend the Home
Mortgage Disclosure Act, which has been
an important factor in aiding the avail
ability of mortgage credit in inner city
areas.
Finally, building on the urban partnership we have established with the cities,
we will continue to increase the control
local governments exercise over the operation of Federal housing programs. We will
propose a fundamental change in HUD's
public housing modernization program to
allow local authorities to use up to 50%
of their public housing production funds
for modernization and repair of the existing, deteriorated stock of public housing. And in recognition of the severity of
the housing problems in America's rural
communities, we will be implementing
the Action Agenda of 12 Rural Housing
Initiatives which I announced last month.
NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT
Neighborhood development is an essential component of my policies designed
to revitalize our Nation's urban areas. My
Administration has taken a number of
steps to assist non-governmental, neighborhood groups carry out community improvement plans.
In Fiscal Year 1981, I will propose increased funding for the Neighborhood
Self-Help Development Program. This
program aims to build the capacity of independent, neighborhood organizations to
implement conservation and revitalization
projects in low- and moderate-income
neighborhoods.
In 1980, I will strongly support the renewal of the Home Mortgage Disclosure
Act in order to encourage neighborhood
reinvestment. My Administration will also
continue to support fully the neighborhood reinvestment actions of independent
regulatory agencies, such as the Federal
Home Loan Bank Board's Community
Investment Fund.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Transportation
A major goal during the 1980's is to
bring about a dramatic increase in the
economic and energy efficiency of our
transportation systems. While this Nation's transportation facilities are among
the best in the world, they were planned,
designed and constructed in an era of
abundant and cheap energy. The country
now faces a totally different situation of
scarce and increasingly expensive energy.
To help combat this problem, I have proposed to use $16.5 billion over the next
decade from the windfall profits tax
revenues to increase the energy efficiency
of transportation. Of that, $13 billion
would be allocated to increase transit
capacity; $2.5 billion would be directed to
promote the energy-efficient use of the
automobile; and $1 billion for research on
automotive fuel efficiency. I urge the
Congress to enact this proposal without
delay.
To further promote energy conservation, stimulate urban growth and create
new employment opportunities in the inner cities, I urge the Congress to support
mass transportation authorization legislation. This year I will seek reauthorization
and extension of the public transportation grant program.
With the assistance of the Congress, we
have taken a number of positive steps to
reform outmoded transportation regulation. The Airline Deregulation Act of
1978 is working well, with reduced passenger fares per mile, and with the airlines better able to withstand the effects
of recession and fuel price increases than
would have otherwise been possible. To
continue that type of progress, last year
I submitted truck and rail regulatory reform bills and I am committed to seeking their enactment in 1980. These important bills will save consumers billions
of dollars annually and reduce wasted
fuel consumption.
To further improve America's railroads, I have introduced legislation to direct Federal railroad financial assistance
toward restructuring of failing railroads
and improved employment efficiency.
I will also ask Congress to increase
funding for and extend the life of the
Northeast Corridor Improvement Project
to improve passenger rail services in the
Northeast.
Statutory authority for present airport
programs and related aviation taxes will
expire during 1980. I have already sent
to the Congress a proposal to use nearly
$15 billion from the Airport and Airways
Trust Fund over the next five years for
airport and aviation expenses. I urge
Congress to enact this proposal this year.
Finally, I am committed to the further
development of our maritime industry.
To achieve maximum export competitive
position for the United States, the ties
between our port facilities and our land
transport facilities must be greatly improved. Last year, my Administration
conducted a comprehensive review of
maritime policy and transmitted to the
Congress our goals for liner regulation
and merchant marine promotion. This
year, we will be working with the Congress to pass legislation that embodies our
interest in expanded trade and a strong
merchant marine fleet.
Special Needs
WOMEN
The efforts of my Administration over
the last several years have been concentrated on providing American women
with a full range of opportunities. Programmatic initiatives have been developed to overcome the widespread discrim
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
ination and disparities which women
have faced in education, in health, and in
employment.
The Women's Education Equity Act
has been funded in both Titles I and II
to provide school boards with grants for
programs designed to end discrimination
in education. The avoidance of discrimination in education has been also stressed
through improvements in the enforcement of existing civil rights legislation.
The particular health problems faced
have been addressed with increases in the
family planning funds under Title XX,
as well as improved teenage pregnancy
funding and programs. Further, my National Health Plan provides complete
coverage to pregnant mothers and infants
without cost.
Employment still continues to be a
major problem with a wide gap between
the average week wage of men and women. This is being addressed through major
improvements in the funding for the
Women's Bureau of the Department of
Labor for model training programs and
research projects.
CETA prime sponsors have been
matched on a four-to-one basis to improve
the amount of funding for these programs.
In the year ahead, the Administration
will be supporting the passage of legislation to decrease domestic violence and
provide shelters for battered spouses.
FAMILIES
As part of my Administration's effort to
focus attention upon and strengthen the
family structure, last year I established
the Office of Families within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
That office will help coordinate our activities in this vital area. Later this year,
we will hold the White House Conference
on Families, which I initially proposed
during my 1976 campaign. This conference, the culmination of three years of
work, will help focus public attention on
the problems affecting families and on the
means needed to solve or avoid those
problems.
OLDER AMERICANS
My Administration has taken great
strides toward solving the particular problems faced by senior citizens. Early in this
term we worked successfully with the Congress to assure adequate revenues for the
Social Security Trust Funds. I have also
signed into law legislation prohibiting employers from requiring retirement prior to
age 70, and removing mandatory retirement for most Federal employees. Further, the Administration worked closely
with Congress to amend the Older Americans Act in a way that has already improved administration of its housing,
social services, food delivery, and employment programs.
This year, I will be submitting to Congress a budget which again demonstrates
my commitment to programs for the elderly. It will include increased funding for
nutrition, senior centers and home health
care, and will focus added resources on the
needs of older Americans. I will also be
seeking to strengthen further the Social
Security System by proposing legislation
to permit borrowing among the separate
trust funds.
With the 1981 White House Conference
on Aging approaching, my Administration
is making every effort to assure an effective and useful conference. This forum
should enable older Americans to voice
their concerns and give us guidance in
our continued efforts to ensure the quality
of life so richly deserved by our senior
citizens, with special attention to those in
need of long-term care.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
REFUGEES
In 1979 my Administration made significant progress in resolving a number of
problems arising from the increase in refugees. Last March, I proposed comprehensive refugee legislation, and I regard
its passage as a high priority this year. The
legislation-which is the first.comprehensive reform of our refugee immigration
and domestic resettlement policies in
twenty-eight years-will bring common
sense and cohesion to an unnecessarily
fragmented approach to international and
domestic refugee needs. Under vigorous
new leadership, the Office of the U.S.
Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, which I
created last year, will aggressively address
the need of refugees at home and abroad.
We will also encourage greater cooperation with the private sector and other actions to ensure successful refugee resettlement.
VETERANS
As our commitment to peace and our
national security remains as strong as
ever, so too is our Nation's obligation to
those whose past service to our country
helped to keep peace in the world. For
that reason, my Administration's commitment to the needs of America's veterans
will remain a high priority.
My Administration is committed to
sustain high quality health care in the
V.A. hospital system, the largest in the
free world, and to encourage its growth
in the most effective and efficient manner. That commitment will be reflected
in my budget for FY 1981. The system
must maintain its independent integrity.
In 1980, we will continue to honor and
seek recognition of all our Nation's veterans, but we must acknowledge that veterans of the Vietnam War have yet to be
accorded the full honor bestowed upon
veterans of past wars. We will continue
this year to assist Vietnam-era veterans
with special needs and concerns, building
on my initiative last year for these veterans. Accordingly, this year, I will again
ask Congress to reform and revitalize the
VA's vocational rehabilitation program,
and to extend eligibility for the G.I. Bill
to those veterans of the Vietnam War era
who are most in need of advanced job
training opportunities. In addition, I will
seek increased benefits for the recipients
participating in the current G.I. Bill program. The Nation's veterans deserve these
benefits, and I am committed to serving
them.
My Budget also proposes legislation to
grant a cost-of-living increase for the recipients of compensation for disabilities
incurred while in the service of their
country.
Government Assistance
GENERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS
Since taking office, I have been strongly
committed to strengthening the fiscal condition of our Nation's State and local
governments. I have accomplished this
goal by maintaining consistent and strong
economic growth, and by encouraging
economic development of local communities, and by supporting the General
Revenue Sharing and Counter-Cyclical
Fiscal Assistance programs.
GENERAL REVENUE SHARING
This year I will propose the renewal of
General Revenue Sharing. My Administration's proposal will forge a closer partnership among the Federal, State and
local governments and will further em
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
phasize the pivotal role of the States in
our Federal system. My proposal for GRS
renewal also will provide additional aid
to the cities and counties that are most
strained fiscally.
I will soon send legislation to Congress
that will extend GRS for five years at the
current funding level of $6.9 billion. Onethird of the money will be provided to
State governments on the basis of the current distribution formula. As a condition
for continued payments to the States, each
State will be required to constitute a
broadly-based Commission to assess and
address the fiscal problems confronted by
the State and by the local governments
within the State. These Commissions will
provide a mechanism for involving the
States to a greater extent in the FederalState-local government partnership.
Two-thirds of GRS payments will be
provided to local governments on the basis
of population, tax effort and per capita
income. While I will propose retention of
the basic distribution formula for local
governments, I also will propose a number
of modest formula changes to provide
greater aid to localities with large service
responsibilities and with insufficient fiscal
resources.
My proposal for GRS renewal will be
the cornerstone of my policy for FederalState-local government relations in the
1980's. This policy will emphasize the
need for all levels of government to cooperate in order to meet the needs of the
most fiscally strained cities and counties,
and also will emphasize the important role
that GRS can play in forging this partnership. I urge Congress to move quickly on
my GRS proposal, to assure that our Nation's States and localities can begin the
1980's in sound fiscal condition.
COUNTER-CYCLICAL AND TARGETED
FISCAL ASSISTANCE
Last year, I submitted to Congress a
two-part fiscal aid package designed to
strengthen further the fiscal condition of
our Nation's States and localities. The first
part of this legislation provided standby
counter-cyclical legislation to protect
States and localities from unexpected
changes in the national economy. The
second part provided transitional highly
targeted fiscal assistance in FY 1980 to
only the most distressed local governments.
Substantial progress has been made on
this legislation in the past year. The Senate passed legislation providing both targeted fiscal assistance and counter-cyclical
aid in August, 1979, and similar legislation
is now ready for House action. It is important that Congress complete its action
on this legislation early this year.
Urban Policy
Two years ago, I proposed the Nation's
first comprehensive urban policy. That
policy involved more than one hundred
improvements in existing Federal programs, four new Executive Orders and
nineteen pieces of urban-oriented legislation. With Congress' cooperation, fifteen
of these bills have now been signed into
law. Additional action is expected to put
into place more of these proposals this
year.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
One of the principal goals of my domestic policy has been to strengthen the private sector economic base of our Nation's
economically troubled urban and rural
areas. With Congress' cooperation, we
have substantially expanded the Federal
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Jan. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
government's economic development programs and provided new tax incentives for
private investment in urban and rural
communities. These programs have
helped many communities to attract new
private sector jobs and investments and to
retain the jobs and investments that already are in place.
When I took office, the Federal government was spending less than $300 million
annually on economic development programs, and only $60 million of those funds
in our Nation's urban areas. My FY 1980
budget requested more than $1.5 billion
for economic development grants, loans
and interest subsidies and more than $2.5
billion for loan guarantees. Approximately
60% of these funds will be spent in our
Nation's urban areas. My FY 1981 budget
continues these programs at these already
high levels. In addition, we have extended
the 10% investment credit to include rehabilitation of existing industrial facilities
as well as new construction.
This year we need to continue our progress by extending and expanding the programs of the Economic Development
Administration. With Congress' cooperation, this legislation already has passed
both the House and the Senate. Both the
House and the Senate bills include the key
elements of my original National Development Bank proposal and provide a substantial expansion of the economic development grant, loan, loan guarantee and
interest subsidy programs of the Federal
government. This legislation is vitally important to the economic revitalization and
redevelopment of our Nation's economically troubled urban and rural areas. I
am hopeful that the conferees will complete their work shortly so that we can get
these essential programs underway.
I continue to believe that the development of private sector investment and jobs
is the key to revitalizing our Nation's eco
nomically depressed urban and rural
areas. To ensure that the necessary economic development goes forward, the
Congress must enact legislation reauthorizing the programs of the Economic Development Administration. That legislation is now in Conference, and I urge the
conferees to complete their work soon, so
that we can provide a foundation for the
economic development of our Nation in
the 1980's.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The partnership among Federal, State
and local governments to revitalize our
Nation's communities has been a high
priority of my Administration. When I
took office, I proposed a substantial expansion of the Community Development
Block Grant (CDBG) program and the
enactment of a new $400 million Urban
Development Action Grant (UDAG)
program. Both of these programs have
provided essential community and economic development assistance to our Nation's cities and counties.
This year, I will ask Congress to reauthorize both the CDBG and UDAG
programs. I will propose that the CDBG
program be reauthorized for three more
years, and that a $150 million increase in
funding be provided by FY 1981. I also
will propose that the UDAG program be
extended for three years, and that $675
million be provided for this program in
the upcoming fiscal year. These actions
should help our Nation's cities and counties to continue the progress they have
made in the last three years.
RURAL POLICY
Since the beginning of my Administration, we have taken steps to address the
pressing needs of a changing and rapidly
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
growing rural America. For many rural
areas, and for most rural residents, the
last decade was a time of rapid growth
and development. While this growth and
development has produced higher income
and increased jobs in rural communities,
it has also created substantial housing, energy, transportation, health, and management problems.
Last December I announced our Small
Community and Rural Development
Policy, which is the culmination of several
years' work and is designed to address
these pressing problems now affecting
rural areas. The major elements of the
policy involve:
-Creation of the position of Under
Secretary of Agriculture for Small
Community and Rural Development
to provide leadership in carrying out
this policy.
-Establishment of an inter-agency
working group to assist in the implementation of this policy.
-Appointment of a citizens Advisory
Council to advise the President on
the performance of the Federal government in the implementation of
this policy and to recommend needed
changes.
-An invitation to the Nation's government-formed rural development
councils to work in partnership with
Federal agencies in delivering State
and Federal programs to rural areas.
-A directive to the working group to
annually review existing and proposed policies, programs, and budget
levels to determine their adequacy in
meeting rural needs and fulfilling the
policy objectives and principles.
This is a landmark policy. It is the first
time rural affairs has been given the
prominence of a Presidential policy. Although many new program authorities for
dealing with rural problems have been
provided over the past two or three decades, there has been no institutional
capacity at the Federal level for coordinating and focusing these efforts in a coherent and effective way. This policy
provides that capacity, backed by my personal commitment to make it work.
My Administration will be working
with the Congress this year to pass legislation needed to fulfill the commitment of
this rural policy initiative.
Consumers
CONSUMER REPRESENTATION
Last September I signed an Executive
Order designed to strengthen and coordinate Federal consumer programs and to
establish procedures to improve and facilitate consumer participation in government decisionmaking. Under the Order,
each Federal agency must adopt and implement its own strong consumer
program.
I also established an interagency Council to coordinate the Agencies' actions in
responding to the Executive Order. This
year, under the leadership of my Special
Assistant for Consumer Affairs we will be
working to make certain that the Order is
faithfully implemented and that consumers receive better protection and assistance
from Federal agencies.
My Administration will continue to
support efforts to provide financial assistance in regulatory proceedings to citizen
groups, small businesses and others whose
participation is limited by their economic
circumstances. These programs are
needed to balance the regulatory process
by assuring opportunities for broad public
involvement in these proceedings.
Finally, the Administration will continue to support reform of class-action
procedures to ease the unnecessary burdens and costs of class actions, while at the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
same time preventing their use as an
harassment technique.
NATIONAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVE BANK
My Administration worked closely with
the Congress to create the National Consumer Cooperative Bank. The Bank is to
provide loans, loan guarantees, and other
financial services to non-profit consumer
cooperatives, operating in such areas as
food, housing, health, and auto repair.
To demonstrate my commitment to this
innovative institution, I have signed legislation increasing appropriations for the
Bank from $4 million in fiscal 1979 to $74
million in fiscal 1980. Legislation has also
been signed adding two members to the
Bank's board of directors-one to represent the interests of small business and one
to represent the general public.
This year we will continue our efforts
with Congress to make the Bank a strong
and vital resource for consumers.
CONSUMER SERVICES INFORMATION
Genuine competition is lacking in many
service industries because consumers generally lack comparative cost and quality
information. To help alleviate this problem, my Administration will assist nonprofit groups and State and local government agencies to develop local consumer
information systems to provide accurate
cost and quality data on locally provided
services. An essential part of this effort
will be an evaluation of the impact of
better consumer information on inflation
and productivity in the service sector.
Science
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Since the beginning of my Administration, I have been committed to strengthening our Nation's research and develop
ment capability and to advancing those
areas of science and technology which are
vital to our economic and social wellbeing. That commitment has been reflected in: a 40% increase in basic
research funding, resulting in the highest
research and development funding in our
Nation's history; a new Automotive Research initiative in which the industry, in
partnership with the Federal government,
will undertake basic research essential to
help improve future automobiles; an acceleration of scientific and technological
exchanges with the People's Republic of
China; a major review of space activities
and needs, resulting in a 60% increase in
space funding and in the development of
a space policy that will set the direction
of our space efforts over the next decade;
and a major new program to encourage
industrial innovation.
Each of the undertakings will be pursued, in cooperation with the Congress, in
this year.
SPACE
The diversity of our activities in space
shows that space technology has become
an integral part of our lives-in communications, in remote sensing for defense and
civilian purposes, and in studies of the
earth and the universe. Guided by a
sound, aggressive, and fiscally responsible
space policy, my Administration has
undertaken a concerted effort to support
and further our space activities.
During my Administration, the expenditures for Federal space programs have
increased by 75%o. Much of this increase
is to meet the increasingly operational
nature of our space activities. Nearly half
of our expenditures are now for defense
purposes; photo-reconnaissance satellites,
for example, are enormously important in
stabilizing world affairs and thereby make
a significant contribution to the security
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
of all nations. And my new initiative to
establish an oceanic satellite system will
provide invaluable ocean data for both
the civil and defense sectors, thereby
avoiding unnecessary duplication.
I have also emphasized space science
and exploration, continuing to fund such
spectacular programs as the Voyager missions that provided us with the remarkable close-up views of Jupiter and its
moons. I am proposing two new measures-the space telescope and the new
Gamma Ray Observatory to provide a
unique capability to observe distant galaxies and to obtain information about our
universe from outside the earth's obscuring
atmosphere.
In 1980, I will continue my strong support for the space program. That will be
reflected in my budget and in my continued commitment to the space shuttle.
Arts & Humanities
ARTS
The arts provide fundamental enrichment for our Nation. The National Endowment for the Arts has played a major
role in focusing public attention on the
arts. In doing so, the Endowment has
brought wider audiences from all parts of
the country into contact with all of the
arts.
Since the beginning of my term, I have
increased the government's support for
the Endowment's activities. I will continue
that record of expanded support again
this year. This will enable the Endowment
to strengthen its efforts to open the arts to
new audiences, new forums, and new parts
of the country.
HUMANITIES
The humanities play a vital role in
deepening our understanding of culture
and society. To enable the National Endowment for the Humanities to continue
its important efforts, I will again be proposing increased funding for the Endowment.
While maintaining the on-going programs aiding scholarly research, education, and cultural interpretation, the Endowment will use these increased funds to
augment its support for:
* research designed to increase our
understanding of the traditions, cultures, and directions of countries in
the Third World;
* studies exploring the complex public
and ethical issues created by an increasingly technological society; and
* efforts to preserve the priceless documents and other materials that constitute the heritage of this Nation and
of its regional and ethnic communities.
To bring the fruits of this work to increasing numbers of the public at large,
support will be provided for humanities
activities in libraries, museums, and
media, as well as for a variety of special
activities tailored to the needs of groups
that have traditionally not had ready access to opportunities for learning in the
humanities.
In pursuing these objectives, the Endowment will concentrate on using Federal funds to stimulate support from nonFederal sources, in order to enhance our
tradition of private philanthropy and to
expand the financial base of our cultural
institutions.
'District of Columbia
No longer is our Nation's Capital a convenient target for misdirected political
attacks. My Administration has developed
a partnership for progress with the District of Columbia.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
My Administration worked with the
last Congress to pass a proposed Constitutional amendment granting full voting
representation to the citizens of our Nation's Capital. The ratification process for
this proposed amendment has begun and
I urge the State legislatures which have
not ratified the resolution to join those
which have. We will continue our efforts
this year in the ratification effort.
Last year, progress was made toward
strengthening the District's ability to meet
its citizens' needs. With the Congress'
help, we enacted legislation authorizing
construction of the full METRO Mass
Transit System and legislation funding the
District's pension plan for municipal
employees.
In 1980, we will build on this record.
My Administration will continue to work
closely with the Congress and Mayor
Barry to expand home rule for the District, including development of a sensible
formula for determining the Federal payment to the District.
I will continue working with Mayor
Barry to make our Nation's Capital City a
model for the rest of the Nation.
Commission on the Holocaust
Last year, I received and approved the
recommendations of the President's Commission on the Holocaust, which I established to assess how our government might
officially recognize, for the first time, the
tragedy of the Holocaust. I will shortly be
appointing a Council of distinguished
Americans to develop ways to implement
the Commission's proposals. The Council
and my Administration will work closely
with the Congress as we establish an appropriate memorial to the six million Jews
and the millions of other victims of Nazism
during World War II.
IV. MAKING GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVE
AND EFFICIENT
One of my major commitments as a
candidate was to make the Federal government more effective and efficient.
Over the past three years, with Congress'
help, I believe that enormous progress
has been made toward that goal. Reforms
thought to be impossible-such as Civil
Service Reform-have been enacted. Regulatory burdens-such as airline regulation and government paperwork-have
been reduced or eliminated. This coming
year, I intend to work with the Congress
to improve further the government's ability to serve the nation effectively.
GOVERNMENT REORGANIZATION
One of my highest priorities has been
to improve the quality and efficiency of
Federal programs through reorganization. Since I took office, we have submitted 13 reorganization initiatives to
Congress, and Congress has approved all
of them. These initiatives have strengthened the Federal government's capacity
to deal effectively with such critical
issues as energy, civil service, disaster relief, civil rights, international development
assistance, education and trade.
In 1979, Congress approved legislation
that I sought to consolidate education
programs in a new Cabinet department.
The Department of Education will provide full-time leadership, improved management and direct accountability for its
performance to me, to the Congress and
to those involved in education at every
level.
This month I put into effect a major
reorganization of the Federal government's trade functions approved by Congress last year. In conjunction with the
Multilateral Trade Negotiations Agree
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
ments this reorganization will ensure that
expanded trade opportunities for American business abroad are fully realized,
and that my goal of trade expansion is
given a higher priority by the Federal
government.
Organizational initiatives are also an
important part of my energy program.
We have consolidated enforcement functions for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System under a single Federal
Inspector to ensure timely completion of
the natural gas pipeline. To reduce our
dependence on foreign oil, I have proposed the creation of an Energy Mobilization Board which will expedite Federal,
State, and local decisions on proposed
energy facilities. I am also urging the
Congress to approve creation of an Energy Security Corporation to spur development of a domestic fuels industry.
This year I will propose to Congress
another significant reorganization: a
plan which will strengthen the internal
management and effectiveness of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Safety is
our highest concern in regulating nuclear
power development, and my reorganization plan will help improve the NRC's
ability to ensure nuclear safety.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT REFORM
To simplify the government for our
citizens and to reduce the burden of unnecessary requirements and regulations,
we will pursue a number of initiatives this
year. We have instituted a governmentwide management system to mandate the
cost effectiveness of new regulations and
the sunsetting of old ones. In 1980, we will
continue to pursue further reform of
regulations through legislation designed
to make permanent a new framework for
managing the regulatory process, and leg
islation to reduce paperwork and red tape.
We will also pursue initiatives to simplify
the eligibility requirements for human
services programs and to improve the
management and delivery of social services through increased use of private
sector skills and talent. This reform will
reduce the obstacles for needy citizens
seeking assistance and improve our ability
to remove fraud from the system.
Last year, we implemented a program
to manage the government's cash flow
more efficiently. We have saved over $450
million a year, and we expect further annual savings of $600 million through more
timely collection of cash payments, tighter
control over disbursements and reductions
in idle balances.
We have vigorously implemented legislation passed last year to establish independent inspectors general in each department and coordinated their work through
the Executive Group to Combat Fraud
and Waste in Government. To spot areas
where management reform is especially
likely to increase efficiency, I have
created a Management Improvement
Council to diagnose such circumstances
and prescribe a cure.
We will continue to pursue vigorously
our efforts to improve the structure and
management of government programs.
This is tough, unglamorous work, but it is
essential to reduce the cost of government
and to provide better service to the American people.
CIVIL SERVICE AND COMPENSATION
REFORM
In March 1978 I said that civil service
reform would be the centerpiece of my
government reorganization efforts. The
Congress supported it, and I am pleased
to report it is working very well. In the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
first real test of the reform act, over 98%
of the eligible top-level managers joined
the Senior Executive Service, choosing
the challenge and accountability demanded by this new corps of top executives. The Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection
Board, and the Federal Labor Relations
Authority authorized by the Act have operated effectively in their first year. And
the agencies throughout the government
continue to make substantial progress in
implementing the other important civil
service reforms. For the first time in the
hundred year history of the civil service
system Federal employees can get and
hold jobs, and be paid, on the basis
of actual on-the-job performance-not
merely length of service.
Last year, I asked the Congress to take
the next step in my Federal Employee
Compensation Reform Message. I urged
you to pass a pay reform bill which would
modernize the Federal* compensation
system. This legislation is fair to Federal
employees and to American taxpayers
alike. Our white collar, blue collar and
military compensation systems must be
reformed in order to make certain that we
neither overpay nor underpay Federal employees. It is a fair bill, and one which will
help restore public confidence in the Federal service. I urge Congressional action
on it.
REGULATORY REFORM
Over the past three years, we have put
into place a comprehensive program to
overhaul the Federal regulatory establishment, and eliminate unnecessary regulatory burdens. For 1980, I am determined
to continue the progress of this effort; it
is the most important part of my ongoing
campaign to make our government more
efficient and effective.
Airline deregulation. The Airline De
regulation Act of 1978 has revolutionized
air transportation. In the first year of its
operation, the new environment of free
competition created by the law produced
a record number of flights and passengers,
a much wider variety of service packages,
and a savings of approximately $2.5 billion in the fares paid by the travelling public. Under the Act, regulatory controls
will continue to be relaxed, until in 1985,
the CAB itself will be completely phased
out of existence.
Trucking deregulation. The trucking
industry is enmeshed in detailed regulations that control the routes truckers can
drive and the goods they can carry. In addition, truckers are allowed to fix prices
through industry rate bureaus. This regulatory system works to stifle competition,
waste fuel, reduce service to small towns,
and inflate prices.
My appointees to the Interstate Commerce Commission have started modernizing the system, but we need legislation
to provide comprehensive reform. I have
submitted a bill to open up entry, lift restrictions on the goods truckers may haul
and the routes they may use, promote
vigorous price competition, reduce regulatory delays, and improve safety on the
road.
This bill is an important step in fighting
inflation, and I look forward to passage of
a sound bill by early summer. If appropriate legislation is not enacted, I would
expect the ICC to proceed under its authority to implement reform initiatives.
In addition, we need legislation to increase competition in the household moving industry. The Senate recently passed a
constructive bill, and I urge the House to
strengthen and pass it.
Railroad deregulation. Railroads have
traditionally been one of the most overregulated industries in America. As a result, management initiative, service, and
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competitive pricing have been stifled.
Railroad plants and equipment have deteriorated, and the average railroad industry rate of return on investment is far
too low. My Administration will continue
to work to eliminate these wasteful conditions and the regulatory structure which
helps cause them. Our principal weapon
in that effort is the railroad deregulation
bill that I proposed last year. Enactment
of significant railroad deregulation legislation this year is essential to restoring our
railroad system to its former strength.
Financial institutions regulation. Last
year the combination of deposit rate ceilings and outmoded restrictions on the
asset powers of thrift institutions produced
severe inequities for the small saver,
substantial savings outflows from many
thrift institutions, and disruptions in the
availability of mortgage credit. Contrary
to its intended purpose, the Regulation Q
system has contributed to the cyclical
nature of the housing market and has destabilized the flow of mortgage funds. In a
related area, changing competitive relationships, as well as innovations in the
market, have increased inequities and
produced a continuing decline in Federal
Reserve membership. Now is the time to
take the actions necessary to prepare for
the financial environment of the 1980's.
The Congress passed legislation in 1979
which increased the ability of many Americans to obtain mortgage credit. In addition, the Congress made major progress
toward enactment of the historic financial
reform legislation I proposed last year.
This year we will work closely with
Congress to achieve final approval of our
financial reform objectives: the phaseout
of Regulation Q deposit rate ceilings, the
broadening of the asset and liability process of thrift institutions, the approval of
legislation to stem the decline in Federal
Reserve membership, and the elimination
of other unwarranted regulatory restraints. Prompt action is necessary to avert
a significant decline in Federal Reserve
membership and to assure a fair rate of
return to the saver, a steadier flow of
housing credit, and a stable financial environment for all classes of depository
institutions.
This spring I will submit to the Congress the Administration's findings on the
McFadden Act and other geographic restraints on banking activity.
Telecommunications deregulation.
Technological advances, such as satellites,
computers, and microwave relays, have
made it practical to move much of the
telecommunications industry from a regulated monopoly to a deregulated, competitive market. This shift is already underway and is benefitting individual customers as well as companies.
Toward that end, I will continue to
support strongly ongoing efforts in Congress to pass a bill that will encourage and
protect competition, remove needless regulation, and maintain universal, reliable
service. In addition, we need this legislation to smooth the transition to a competitive environment by protecting workers'
rights, ensuring against any large increases
for rural telephone rates and providing
needed national security and emergency
preparedness powers.
Regulation Reform Act. In March of
1979, I sent to Congress the Regulation
Reform Act. When enacted, this bill will
assure that new and existing regulations
will be rigorously scrutinized before they
can be issued or retained, that wasteful
delays are eliminated from the regulatory
process, that key regulatory officials be
selected purely on grounds of integrity and
competence, and that the public will be
assured meaningful opportunities to participate in regulatory decision-making.
The reform steps I have taken adminis
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tratively have already avoided billions of
dollars in unnecessary regulatory costs,
erased thousands of useless regulations
from the books of OSHA and other agencies, and opened up the regulatory process
across the Executive Branch. Enactment
of my regulatory reform bill legislation
is needed in this Congress, to strengthen
these reforms, and extend their benefits to
the independent regulatory commissions.
Presidential oversight of regulation.
Many regulatory programs are vital to the
protection of the health, safety and welfare of our citizens. These we must manage effectively, while cutting out wasteful
red tape, rigidity, and costs imposed on industry and the public, and enhancing opportunities for public participation in decision-making. From the outset of my
Administration, I have actively used my
authority as President to assure that Executive Branch regulatory agencies respect
these goals, through executive orders,
through oversight from the Office of Management and Budget, through a Regulatory Analysis Review Group to assure
that regulatory costs are accurately evaluated, and through a Regulatory Council
to eliminate duplication and overlap
among individual agencies. We will pursue these efforts in 1980.
Legislative Veto. While supporting
the Regulation Reform Act, I will strongly
oppose proposals that would undermine
the ability of the President to manage the
regulatory process, or would cripple the
effectiveness of needed programs. In particular, my Administration will oppose
proposals to subject individual agency
rules to veto by one or two houses of
Congress, to transfer regulatory policy decision-making authority to the Federal
courts, and to create rigid statutory procedures for Presidential supervision of
Executive Branch regulatory agencies.
This last year has seen Congress be
sieged by assaults on various important
regulatory statutes, especially the Federal
Trade Commission Act, seeking groundless exemptions, crippling loopholes, and
unprecedented Congressional interference
with ongoing proceedings. I will resist
strenuously all such efforts to confuse special interest pressure with regulatory
reform.
COMMUNICATIONS
My highest priority in the communications area is passage of regulatory reform
legislation covering the telecommunications industry. In addition, in 1980 we will
continue our program to make the media
more diverse and to ensure that the public gets the full benefit of the advances in
communications technologies. Administration efforts include:
* working to increase minority participation; already our program has
helped produce a two-thirds increase
in minority ownership of broadcast
stations, and we will continue that
progress;
* working with the Federal Communications Commission to continue to
eliminate needless paperwork and
regulations;
* pursuing plans to open up channels
for as many as 1,000 new radio stations, to improve service to rural
areas and provide more opportunities
for minorities;
* developing proposals to improve the
way frequencies are assigned, including incentives for users to conserve
the increasingly crowded radio
spectrum;
* encouraging the use of satellites,
cable TV, and other technologies to
deliver public services and to improve rural communications;
* working with Congress and the FCC
to protect First Amendment rights
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and the free flow of information,
through such measures as my bill on
police searches of newsrooms; and
* continuing to support a strong, independent public broadcasting system
and working to increase its coverage
to reach all Americans.
In addition, I will submit to the Senate,
later this year, the Treaty and Protocol
that resulted from the World Administrative Radio Conference concluded in Geneva in December. This conference, and
the follow-up conferences that will be held
in the next few years, will determine the
utilization of the radio spectrum for the
rest of the century. We prepared for this
conference for over two years; our delegation has secured for the United States
all allocations necessary for its civilian
and military services while also responding to the legitimate needs of the Third
World nations.
SUNSET
We will continue to work with Congress
to pass sunset legislation. This legislation
will overcome the inertia that lets Federal
programs continue when they have outlived their purpose. It will ensure that
Congress regularly reviews programs to
decide whether they should be changed
or eliminated. A comprehensive sunset
bill, with a strong mechanism to force action when programs need change, is a
vital building-block toward making the
government more efficient.
PAPERWORK REDUCTION
In the past three years, my Administration has cut the amount of time Americans spend filling out Federal forms by 127
million hours-almost 15%. I recently issued an Executive Order to continue this
progress by strengthening our management program. However, Congress is en
acting new paperwork requirements in
energy, environmental protection, and
other areas, and we must have legislation
to provide the strong administrative controls that will be needed to minimize these
burdens.
I urge Congress to pass a Paperwork
Reduction Act to close the wide loopholes
in Executive Branch oversight power and
create new authority to halt duplicative
data collection. In addition, I urge legislation be enacted to improve Federal
statistical systems by strengthening central
management and by encouraging agencies
to share data, under new, tough confidentiality safeguards.
LOBBY REFORM
The American people have a right to
know what significant influences affect
their national legislature. The proliferation of well-financed, organizational lobbying activities during recent years has
demonstrated the clear need for reform of
the outdated and ineffective lobby disclosure law now in effect. This year my
Administration will again work with Congress to pass a sound lobby law reform
bill-one that respects the First Amendment rights of all Americans and minimizes paperwork burdens, yet allows
meaningful disclosures.
PUBLIC FINANCING OF CONGRESSIONAL
ELECTIONS
The impact of special interest contributions on congressional campaigns has
grown dramatically in recent years. It is
time to adopt public financing for congressional elections before it is too late.
Such public financing will avoid even the
appearance of undue special interest influence, and will allow worthy candidates
without adequate funds to run for Con
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gress. I urge the Congress to act on this
legislation.
J UDICIAL REFORM
In my Civil Justice Reform Message
last year, I made proposals to increase the
efficiency, cut the cost, and enhance the
integrity of our Federal court system. Last
year, I signed the Federal Magistrates Act
of 1979. Both the Senate and the House
have passed the Dispute Resolution Act,
which would develop simple and informal
means of resolving citizen disputes, and I
look forward to early final action on this
legislation. The Federal Courts Improvement Act has passed the Senate, and I
urge the House to act on it early in this
session. I hope that the Congress will also
pass the other bills recommended in my
Message, such as the one which would
curtail diversity jurisdiction.
LEAA
LEAA's potential to improve and
strengthen State and local criminal justice programs has never been realized.
Two years ago, I proposed far-reaching
reforms in its structure and programs.
Last month, Congress passed, and I
signed, a bill which incorporated most
of those reforms and which reauthorized
LEAA for four more years. These reforms
will preclude excessive expenditure of
funds for equipment, enable better information and research about crime problems and permit funding only of innovative programs which have a high probability or record of proven success. During this year we will implement the new
legislation in a way that makes certain
the agency is efficiently carrying out its
mission of providing meaningful law enforcement assistance.
PATENT REFORM
As part of the Industrial Innovation
policy that I announced last year, we will
be seeking to reform our patent laws in a
way which will spur creativity and invention. The Administration will be
working with Congress to develop a single
policy to guide the Departments and
Agencies dealing with patents resulting
from federally-sponsored research. Such
uniform treatment should encourage the
commercial use of discoveries while protecting the taxpayers' investment.
V. PROTECTING BASIC RIGHTS AND
LIBERTIES
Since taking office, I have worked to
protect and enhance the basic rights and
liberties guaranteed to Americans under
the Constitution and our other laws.
With your cooperation, we have made
important progress in this area. This year,
though, important work remains to be
done if our goal of ensuring equality and
basic freedoms for all Americans is to be
realized. The dream of equal opportunity
remains unfulfilled. I will do whatever I
can to bring that dream closer to realization.
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
I am committed as strongly as possible to the ratification of the Equal
Rights Amendment. Its ratification this
year will be one of my highest priorities.
As a result of our efforts in 1978, the
Equal Rights Amendment's deadline for
ratification was extended for three years.
We have now two years and three States
left. We cannot afford any delay in marshalling our resources and efforts to obtain the ratification of those three additional States. With your help, I believe
we can succeed this year.
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Although the Congress has no official
role in the ratification process at this
point, you do have the ability to affect
public opinion and the support of State
Legislators for the Amendment. I urge
Members from States which have not yet
ratified the Equal Rights Amendment to
use that ability.
CIVIL RIGHTS
The completion of the civil rights reorganization and significant operational improvements in the agencies that carry out
equal employment opportunity functions
have enabled the federal government to
shift its focus for the first time to largescale enforcement efforts. These have been
buttressed by our vigorous and successful
posture in several landmark affirmative
action cases. At the same time, the reorganization mandate to eliminate unnecessary costs, paperwork and other burdens
to businesses is being vigorously implemented by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. That will continue
with increased resources this year.
To make certain that civil rights activities are given the highest priority in the
Agencies, we have created a civil rights
unit in the Office of Management and
Budget. This new unit will monitor civil
rights enforcement and advise the Director of OMB on the funding and management resources needed for effective
enforcement.
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led this
Nation's effort to provide all its citizens
with civil rights and equal opportunities.
His commitment to human rights, peace
and non-violence stands as a monument
to his humanity and courage. As one of
our Nation's most outstanding leaders, it
is appropriate that his birthday be commemorated as a national holiday, and I
will continue to work with the Congress
to enact legislation that will achieve this
goal.
FAIR HOUSING
Enforcement of laws against housing
discrimination has lagged in comparison
with the employment area. Because there
is no adequate enforcement mechanism,
Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act, which
prohibits discrimination in housing, has
been largely ineffective. I have strongly
supported legislation which seeks to provide the Department of Housing and
Urban Development with the power to
hold administrative hearings and to issue
"cease and desist orders" in cases where
Title VIII has been violated. We will continue to work with the Congress during
1980 to enact this long-overdue authority.
Its enactment will continue to be my
highest legislative priority in the civil
rights area.
INTELLIGENCE CHARTERS
A legislative charter for the intelligence
agencies and a charter for the FBI are
long overdue. The failure to define in law
the duties and responsibilities of these
agencies has made possible some of the
abuses which have occurred in recent
years.
Several months ago, I submitted to the
Congress a legislative charter for the FBI
which protects the rights of our citizens
while preserving the Bureau's ability to
meet its important responsibilities. In
1980, we will continue to work with the
Congress toward enactment of this
legislation.
Events of the past year indicate the
need for a strengthened and clearly defined role for our intelligence community.
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On the basis of the sound consultative
work done already with Congress, I plan
to submit a proposed charter early this
year.
HATCH ACT REFORM
Federal employees who work in nonsensitive positions should have the right
to participate in off-the-job political activities. My Administration will continue
to support legislation which would reform
the Hatch Act to accomplish this goal,
and would prevent any on-the-job political abuse.
CRIMINAL CODE
The Federal criminal laws are often
archaic, frequently contradictory and imprecise, and clearly in need of revision
and codification. My Administration will
continue to work with the Congress to
develop a Federal criminal code which
simplifies and clarifies our criminal laws,
while maintaining our basic civil liberties
and protections.
LABOR LAW REFORM
Our labor laws are vital to ensuring
that a sound labor-management relationship exists in collective bargaining. Efforts
to abuse those labor laws, especially by
unduly slowing or blocking their implementation, have increased in recent years.
As a result, a reform of our labor laws is
badly needed to guarantee that their intended spirit is fully observed and enforced.
I am again ready to work with the
Congress to develop legislation which improves the fairness and effectiveness of
our labor laws.
HANDICAPPED
During my Administration, we have
made great strides toward ending dis
crimination against handicapped people
through broadened employment opportunities, educational opportunities, and
greater access to public facilities and services. Just after I came to office, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare issued the first regulations on Section
504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Since then,
numerous other Federal agencies have issued final regulations, and we expect to
have regulations from all the necessary
agencies by the end of 1980.
Last year I supported legislation which
would prohibit discrimination against the
handicapped in private employment and
housing. I will continue to support that
initiative this year and to clarify legislative and administrative uncertainty about
provisions of the Acts affecting the rights
or programs affecting handicapped individuals.
While my Administration has worked
to improve programs serving the handicapped, we must continue to push for removal of psychological and physical barriers against handicapped people in our
society. We are actively organizing and
preparing for next year's International
Year of the Disabled. The InternationalYear will enable this country-with the
public and private sector working together-to demonstrate its commitment
to the disabled and to teach or learn from
other nations about ways to advance the
quality of life of handicapped individuals.
PRIVACY
Changes in our society are threatening
the rights to personal privacy. Government and private institutions collect increasing amounts of information about individuals. Many decisions that once were
made face-to-face are now based on
recorded data, and modern technology
allows this data to be transferred through
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out the country instantaneously. Much of
this information must be collected and
used to enforce the laws, provide financial
services, and for other important services.
However, these needs must be balanced
against the right to privacy and against
the harm that unfair uses of information
can cause.
Last year, I announced the government's first comprehensive privacy program, building on legislation already
passed to prevent improper use of wiretaps and improper access to personal bank
records. This new program has five separate bills-establishing privacy safeguards
for medical, research, bank, insurance,
and credit records and providing special
protections, modeled on the wiretap laws,
for electronic funds transfer systems. In
addition, I have proposed legislation
limiting police searches of newsrooms to
deal with the problems created by the
Supreme Court's Stanford Daily decision.
My privacy program includes non-legislative action as well. We have improved
the handling of Federal records-we
stopped the growth of personnel records
and started cutting back, and we established rules to control computer matching
of Federal files. I have called upon employers to establish voluntary privacy
codes for the records concerning their
employees and launched nationwide
hearings to promote that effort.
International guidelines are needed to
protect the privacy of personal information transferred from one country to another, while avoiding disruption of needed
information flows. We have spearheaded
work in the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development toward
this end, and guidelines have been
drafted for adoption this year.
The key protections, however, need
legislation. I urge Congress to act now on
the five privacy bills I have submitted.
VI. PROTECTING AND DEVELOPING OUR
NATURAL RESOURCES
Two of our Nation's greatest natural
resources are our environment and our
fertile agricultural capacity. Since I have
been in office, I have worked with the
Congress to preserve, protect and where
appropriate, develop our natural resources. In the environmental areas, I
have been concerned about the importance of preserving a clean environment,
and have taken a number of major actions designed to foster such an environment.
In the agricultural area, I have taken
the steps needed to improve farm incomes
and increase our agricultural production
to record levels. With your help we can
continue to make progress in both of these
areas in 1980.
ENVIRONMENT
Balancing the need for resource development and conservation has been a major environmental theme of my Administration. I remain strongly convinced that
this Nation can have economic and
energy development and adequate environmental protection. As we open the
decade of the 80's, all Americans can be
proud of their natural and cultural heritage which continues to satisfy economic,
recreational, and spiritual requirements.
1980 is the tenth anniversary of a decade of environmental awareness that began on Earth Day, 1970. During this past
decade, monumental legislative achievements have occurred. These include: the
National Environmental Policy Act, the
Clean Air and Clean Water Acts,
additions to our National Parks, Trails,
and River Systems, and the Endangered
Species Act. I was pleased to sign into
law the reauthorization of the Endan
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gered Species Act last year. During 1980
as we celebrate this tenth anniversary let
us rededicate ourselves to the creation and
maintenance of a safe and healthy environment, to the wise use and development of our natural resources, to the fair
implementation of environmental statutes, to preserving unique wildlife resources, and to even greater achievements
for improving the quality of life for all
Americans.
During the next year, my Administration will vigorously pursue the protection
of Alaskan lands; the implementation of
an effective water resources policy; a careful implementation of domestic energy
production programs, with proper regard
for environmental values; a review of
wilderness potential on the public lands;
creation of a hazardous waste management program; fisheries development and
coastal management policies.
ALASKA LANDS
Passage of legislation which adequately
resolves the allocation of Federal lands in
Alaska continues to be my highest environmental priority. At stake is the fate
of tens of millions of acres of beautiful
land, outstanding and unique wildlife
populations, native cultures, and the opportunity to ensure that future generations of Americans will be able to experience and benefit from these nationally
significant resources.
The proposals which I have supported
in the 95th Congress, and again during
the first session of this Congress, assure
that Alaska's great national treasures can
be preserved, while providing for increased domestic energy production and
for the economic needs of all Alaskans.
In addition to recommendations for
designating National Parks, Wildlife Refuges, Wilderness Areas, National Forests,
and Wild and Scenic Rivers on the Federal lands in Alaska, I have or will be proposing aggressive but environmentally
sensitive oil and gas development programs in Alaska's outer continental shelf
and National Petroleum Reserve. My Administration is also stepping up the transfer of 103 million acres of Federal land to
the State of Alaska and 44 million acres
to Alaskan natives so that both the State
of Alaska and the Native Corporations
can build their economic base.
However, in order to maintain the
proper balance between resource protection and development in Alaska, the Congress must now enact the comprehensive
legislation which has been before that
body for over two years. The 96th Congress will soon be asked to vote on what
clearly amounts to the conservation decision of the century.
The House of Representatives has already passed a strong conservation bill
and the Senate will shortly take up debate
on this issue. I urge that the Congress
carry out its responsibility to enact legislation which truly protects and preserves
our natural heritage in Alaska.
HAZARDOUS WASTE/TOXIC SUBSTANCES
One of the most important environmental and public health issues facing our
Nation is the threat caused by the improper disposal of hazardous substances.
Accidents like those at Love Canal and
Valley of the Drums have highlighted the
inadequacy of the existing laws and inability of governments at all levels to respond quickly and efficiently to these
dangerous incidents. In the coming years,
there may be thousands of hazardous
waste sites which will need attention, the
cost of which could be enormous. Clearly
an effective public policy is needed to deal
with this situation.
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Last June, I submitted to Congress a
comprehensive $1.6 billion legislative proposal that establishes a system to deal with
releases from uncontrollable hazardous
waste sites as well as spills of oil and hazardous substances. This system includes
provisions for emergency government response, effective enforcement, liability and
in some cases, economic compensation.
The system also calls for a partnership
with the States in cleaning up and containing this problem. This legislation is absolutely essential if we are to meet our responsibilities to the public and I urge the
Congress to act on it expeditiously.
NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT
The problems related to the management, disposal and storage of nuclear
wastes remains one of the most serious
problems with nuclear power. My Administration has been deeply concerned
with this problem for the past three years.
An exhaustive study and review of this
problem has been undertaken by the Administration over the past year.
Based on the findings and recommendations of that study, I will soon be
proposing to Congress comprehensive legislation that deals directly with this problem. My proposals, if enacted, will represent the biggest step forward in the area of
nuclear waste management since the
dawn of the nuclear age. I urge the Congress to take action in this area this year.
RARE II
In 1979, I submitted to Congress my
recommendations on wilderness for the
National Forests under the RARE II procedure. These proposals include 15.4 million acres of new wilderness-the most desirable areas within the vast review. Over
10 million acres are undergoing further
study. In addition, I directed the Forest
Service to release for multiple use management the 36 million acres of land that
was designated for non-wilderness. I urge
the Congress to approve my recommendations this year.
WATER POLICY LEGISLATION
Sound water management is vital to
the economic and environmental health
of our Nation.
Administrative implementation of the
comprehensive water policy initiatives
which I announced in June of 1978 is
nearing completion. We will continue to
work with the Congress to pass legislation
needed to improve further Federal water
resources programs and to support the
States in their primary responsibilities for
water allocation and management.
I am pleased that last fall the Senate
authorized an expanded grant program to
the States for water management and
water conservation technical assistance,
and I expect the House to soon pass this
legislation. The cost sharing bill which I
have proposed is critically needed to give
the States a more effective voice in setting
water project priorities in state and Federal water policy decisions.
I believe the establishment of an independent review unit in the Water Resources Council is essential, and I urge the
Congress to act quickly on the pending
authorization. The independent review
unit will provide an objective, impartial,
technical analysis to the Administration
and to the Congress, of water projects proposed for authorization or new-start construction funding. This information will
enable the Administration and the Congress to make better informed decisions on
where to invest the taxpayers' water
resource dollars.
It should be clear that my Administra
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tion supports sound water resources development, and has taken several steps to
improve the quality of projects sent to
Congress for authorization and funding.
I am concerned that the water projects
authorization bills now under consideration by Congress threaten to overturn the
progress made in recent years. I urge the
Congress to give this legislation the careful and thoughtful scrutiny required by
our joint commitment to restraining Federal spending and ensuring a sound environment.
FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
Last May, my Administration proposed
a fisheries development policy that recognizes both the importance of the U.S.
commercial fishing industry to the Nation's economy and that fish is an important food source. This policy includes
a recognition of the potential for fisheries
expansion within the Nation's 200-mile
fisheries conservation zone, and the importance of the Federal government's
creating a positive climate for fisheries
development. In conjunction with this
policy, my Administration has sent a legislative proposal on fisheries development
to the Congress.
It is time that the United States begin
taking action to more fully utilize the
fisheries resources of the 200-mile economic zone. I urge the Congress to join
with me in this effort.
Agriculture
AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS
While much work remains to be done,
America's agriculture is by far the best in
the world. Efforts made by my Administration, in cooperation with Congress, to
secure economic stability for the farmer,
have produced results.
In 1979, we experienced another record year for farm production. Net farm
income jumped to $32 billion in 1979, a
$4 billion increase over 1978. Agricultural
exports also reached new highs, rising
18% in 1979 to $32 billion. Despite the
suspension of exports to the Soviet Union,
we can expect a continued healthy export
picture for our Nation's farmers.
Last year the Secretary of Agriculture
travelled around the country and conducted an extraordinarily detailed and
creative dialogue with the Nation's farmers. He obtained invaluable suggestions on
economic and social issues concerning
farm life; as we prepare our farm program
for this year and beyond, the advice of
our Nation's farmers will clearly be reflected in the policies we develop with the
Congress.
SOVIET GRAIN SUSPENSION
In response to the Soviet armed invasion of Afghanistan on Christmas Eve, I
took several actions to demonstrate our
Nation's resolve to resist such hostile acts
of aggression against a sovereign, independent nation. One of the most important of these actions was the suspension
of grain sales to the Soviet Union beyond
the 8 million tons provided under our
1975 grains agreement. The Soviet Union
had intended to purchase an estimated 25
million tons of U.S. wheat and feed grains.
Thus, the suspension of sales above the 8
million ton agreement level is expected to
result in the freeing of about 17 million
tons.
My decision to suspend these sales was
a difficult one, but a necessary one. We
could not continue to do business as usual
with the Soviet Union while it is invading
an independent, sovereign nation in an
area of the world of strategic importance
to the United States. I am fully com
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mitted to a policy of promoting international trade, and particularly the expanded export of U.S. agricultural
products. I am proud of my Administration's record in this regard. Because of the
aggressive efforts of American farmers
and businessmen, working in cooperation
with Federal representatives, and the
provision of new authorities by Congress,
we have set new export records in each
of the past 3 years. Even with the Soviet
suspension, we intend to set still another
record in the coming year. In making my
decisions on the suspension, I believed it
would be unfair to ask the American
farmer to bear a greater share of the burden and sacrifice than their fellow Americans were asked to bear. Farmers should
not be penalized simply because they are
part of an agricultural machine that is of
growing strategic importance in the
world.
To protect American farmers from the
price depressing effects of the grain suspension, I directed the Secretary of
Agriculture to take several actions:
* The Commodity Credit Corporation
will assume the contractual obligations for
grain previously committed for shipment
to the Soviet Union.
* The Department of Agriculture, acting through the Commodity Credit Corporation, will purchase wheat contracted
for export to the Soviet Union for the
purpose of forming an emergency international wheat reserve. In this connection, I will propose legislation authorizing
release of this wheat for international aid
purposes.
* To encourage farmers to place additional grain in the farmer-held grain reserve, the Secretary of Agriculture has
made several modifications in that important program.
* The Commodity Credit Corporation
will purchase corn at the local level to
alleviate the congestion within the transportation system caused by the refusal of
the International Longshoremen's Association to load grain up to the 8 million
metric ton level.
In combination, these actions are expected to isolate from the market an
amount of grain equivalent to that not
shipped to the Soviet Union, thereby
avoiding a decline in grain prices. I am
pleased to report that these actions are
having the desired results and that American farmers are being protected from the
effects of the suspension.
If further actions are necessary to insure that American agriculture does not
bear a disproportionately large share of
the burden associated with this action, I
will not hesitate to take them.
CROP INSURANCE
We now have an assortment of Federal
loan, grant and insurance programs designed to protect farmers from the economic risks associated with natural
disasters. We recognized early in my Administration that these programs were in
serious need of reform. They are marked
by many shortcomings: inconsistencies in
eligibility, inequities in the level of benefits
to producers of different crops, and inefficiencies in the use of taxpayer money.
Recent evidence of abuse in the agricultural disaster loan programs provides further evidence of the need for this reform.
I have sent the Congress a proposal to
consolidate these authorities in the form
of an all-risk comprehensive insurance
program. Congress has made clear progress in devising an improved crop insurance program, but work remains to be
done. I urge the Congress to finish its
work on this legislation as soon as possible.
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INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY WHEAT
RESERVE
The Congress has not yet acted on the
proposal I made in the last Session to
create an International Emergency Wheat
Reserve. This reserve of up to 4 million
tons of wheat would be used to assure
recipient nations that we will meet our
international food aid commitments. The
suspension of further grain sales to the
Soviet Union provides an appropriate opportunity to provide this authority, and
thereby establish guidelines for the release
of wheat now being acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation.
FOREIGN POLICY
From the time I assumed office three
years ago this month, I have stressed the
need for this country to assert a leading
role in a world undergoing the most extensive and intensive change in human
history.
My policies have been directed in particular at three areas of change:
-the steady growth and increased projection abroad of Soviet military
power-power that has grown faster
than our own over the past two
decades.
-the overwhelming dependence of
Western nations, which now increasingly includes the United States, on
vital oil supplies from the Middle
East..
-the pressures of change in many nations of the developing world, including the year old revolution in Iran
and uncertainty about the future in
many other countries.
As a result of those fundamental facts,
we face some of the most serious challenges in the history of this Nation. The
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is a threat
to global peace, to East-West relations,
and to regional stability and to the flow of
oil. As the unprecedented and overwhelming vote in the General Assembly demonstrated, countries across the world-and
particularly the non-aligned-regard the
Soviet invasion as a threat to their independence and security. Turmoil within
the region adjacent to the Persian Gulf
poses risks for the security and prosperity
of every Western nation and thus for the
entire global economy. The continuing
holding of American hostages in Iran is
both an affront to civilized people everywhere, and a serious impediment to meeting the self-evident threat to widelyshared common interests-including those
of Iran.
But as we focus our most urgent efforts
on pressing problems, we will continue to
pursue the benefits that only change can
bring. For it always has been the essence
of America that we want to move on-we
understand that prosperity, progress and
most of all peace cannot be had by standing still. A world of nations striving to preserve their independence, and of peoples
aspiring for economic development and
political freedom, is not a world hostile to
the ideals and interests of the United
States. We face powerful adversaries, but
we have strong friends and dependable
allies. We have common interests with the
vast majority of the world's nations and
peoples.
There have been encouraging developments in recent years, as well as matters
requiring continued vigilance and concern:
-Our alliances with the world's most
advanced and democratic states from
Western Europe through Japan are
stronger than ever.
-We have helped to bring about a dramatic improvement in relations between
Egypt and Israel and an historic step to
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wards a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement.
-Our relations with China are growing closer, providing a major new dimension in our policy in Asia and the world.
-And across southern Africa from
Rhodesia to Namibia we are helping with
the peaceful transition to majority rule in
a context of respect for minority as well as
majority rights.
The central challenge for us today is to
our steadfastness of purpose. We are no
longer tempted by isolationism. But we
must also learn to deal effectively with the
contradiction of the world-the need to
cooperate with potential adversaries without euphoria, without undermining our
determination to compete with such adversaries and if necessary confront the
threats they may pose to our security.
We face a broad range of threats and
opportunities. We have and should continue to pursue a broad range of defense,
diplomatic and economic capabilities and
objectives.
I see five basic goals for America in the
world over the 1980's:
-First, we will continue, as we have
over the past three years, to build America's military strength and that of our
allies and friends. Neither the Soviet
Union nor any other nation will have
reason to question our will to sustain the
strongest and most flexible defense forces.
-Second, we will pursue an active diplomacy in the world, working-together
with our friends and allies-to resolve disputes through peaceful means and to
make any aggressor pay a heavy price.
-Third, we will strive to resolve pressing international economic problemsparticularly energy and inflation-and
continue to pursue our still larger objective of global economic growth through
expanded trade and development assistance.
-Fourth, we will continue vigorously
to support the process of building democratic institutions and improving human
rights protection around the world. We
are deeply convinced that the future lies
not with dictatorship but democracy.
-Fifth, we remain deeply committed
to the process of mutual and verifiable
arms control, particularly to the effort to
prevent the spread and further development of nuclear weapons. Our decision
to defer, but not abandon our efforts to
secure ratification of the SALT II Treaty
reflects our firm conviction that the
United States has a profound national
security interest in the constraints on Soviet nuclear forces which only that treaty
can provide.
Continuing close cooperation between
the Congress and the Executive Branch
will be required to achieve these goals.
My most immediate legislative priorities
include:
(1) Defense Department Authorization and Appropriations Bills
(2) Special International Security Assistance, for Pakistan and other
countries
(3) Bilateral and Multilateral Foreign
Assistance Bills, including Central
America supplemental
(4) The China Trade Agreement
(5) Intelligence Charters
(6) Refugee Legislation and Funding
(7) Human Rights Conventions
(8) And, when appropriate, the SALT
II Treaty.
One very immediate and pressing objective that is uppermost on our minds
and those of the American people is the
release of our hostages in Iran.
We have no basic quarrel with the nation, the revolution or the'people of Iran.
The threat to them comes not from
American policy but from Soviet actions
in the region. We are prepared to work
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with the government of Iran to develop
a new and mutually beneficial relationship.
But that will not be possible so long as
Iran continues to hold Americans hostage, in defiance of the world community
and civilized behavior. They must be released unharmed. We have thus far
pursued a measured program of peaceful
diplomatic and economic steps in an attempt to resolve this issue without resorting to other remedies available to us
under international law. This reflects the
deep respect of our Nation for the rule of
law and for the safety of our people being
held, and our belief that a great power
bears a responsibility to use its strength in
a measured and judicious manner. But
our patience is not unlimited and our
concern for the well-being of our fellow
citizens grows each day.
ENHANCING NATIONAL SECURITY-AMERICAN MILITARY STRENGTH
The maintenance of national security
is my first concern, as it has been for
every President before me.
As I stated one year ago in Atlanta:
"This is still a world of danger, a world
in which democracy and freedom are still
challenged, a world in which peace must
be re-won every day."
We must have both the military power
and the political will to deter our adversaries and to support our friends and
allies.
We must pay whatever price is required
to remain the strongest nation in the
world. That price has increased as the
military power of our major adversary
has grown and its readiness to use that
power been made all too evident in
Afghanistan.
THE U.S.-SOVIET RELATIONSHIP
We are demonstrating to the Soviet
Union across a broad front that it will
pay a heavy price for its aggression in
terms of our relationship. Throughout the
last decades U.S.-Soviet relations have
been a mixture of cooperation and competition. The Soviet attack on Afghanistan and the ruthless extermination of its
government have highlighted in the
starkest terms the darker side of their policies-going well beyond competition and
the legitimate pursuit of national interest, and violating all norms of international law and practice.
This attempt to subjugate an independent, non-aligned Islamic people is a callous violation of international law and the
United Nations Charter, two fundamentals of international order. Hence, it is
also a dangerous threat to world peace.
For the first time since World War II, the
Soviets have sent combat forces into an
area that was not previously under their
control, into a non-aligned and sovereign
state.
On January 4 I therefore announced a
number of measures, including the reduction of grain sales and the curtailment of
trade and technology transfer, designed to
demonstrate our firm opposition to Soviet
actions in Afghanistan and to underscore
our belief that in the face of this blatant
transgression of international law, it was
impossible to conduct business as usual. I
have also been in consultation with our
allies and with countries in the region
regarding additional multilateral measures that might be taken to register our
disapproval and bolster security in Southwest Asia. I have been heartened by the
support expressed for our position, and
by the fact that such support has been
tangible, as well as moral.
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The destruction of the independence
of Afghanistan government and the occupation by the Soviet Union has altered
the strategic situation in that part of the
world in a very ominous fashion. It has
brought the Soviet Union within striking
distance of the Indian Ocean and even
the Persian Gulf.
It has eliminated a buffer between the
Soviet Union and Pakistan and presented
a new threat to Iran. These two countries
are now far more vulnerable to Soviet
political intimidation. If that intimidation were to prove effective, the Soviet
Union might well control an area of vital
strategic and economic significance to the
survival of Western Europe, the Far East,
and ultimately the United States.
It is clear that the entire subcontinent
of Asia and specifically Pakistan is threatened. Therefore, I am asking Congress, as
the first order of business, to pass an economic and military aid package designed
to assist Pakistan defend itself.
DEFENSE BUDGET
For many years the Soviets have steadily increased their real defense spending,
expanded their strategic forces, strengthened their forces in Europe and Asia, and
enhanced their capability for projecting
military force around the world directly
or through the use of proxies. Afghanistan
dramatizes the vastly increased military
power of the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union has built a war machine far beyond any reasonable requirements for their own defense and security.
In contrast, our own defense spending declined in real terms every year from 1968
through 1976.
We have reversed this decline in our
own effort. Every year since 1976 there
has been a real increase in our defense
spending-and our lead has encouraged
increases by our allies. With the support
of the Congress, we must and will make
an even greater effort in the years ahead.
The Fiscal Year 1981 budget would increase funding authority for defense to
more than $158 billion, a real growth of
more than 5% over my request for Fiscal
Year 1980. Therefore, requested outlays
for defense during Fiscal Year 1981 will
grow by more than 3% in real terms over
the preceding year.
The trends we mean to correct cannot
be remedied overnight; we must be willing to see this program through. To ensure that we do so I am setting a growth
rate for defense that we can sustain over
the long haul.
The defense program I have proposed
for the next five years will require some
sacrifice-but sacrifice we can well afford.
The defense program emphasizes four
areas:
(a) It ensures that our strategic nuclear forces will be equivalent to those of
the Soviet Union and that deterrence
against nuclear war will be maintained;
(b) It upgrades our forces so that the
military balance between NATO and the
Warsaw Pact will continue to deter the
outbreak of war-conventional or nuclear-in Europe;
(c) It provides us the ability to come
quickly to the aid of friends and allies
around the globe;
(d) And it ensures that our Navy will
continue to be the most powerful on the
seas.
STRATEGIC FORCES
We are strengthening each of the three
legs of our strategic forces. The cruise
missile production which will begin next
year will modernize our strategic air deterrent. B-52 capabilities will also be im
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proved. These steps will maintain and
enhance the B-52 fleet by improving its
ability to deliver weapons against increasingly heavily defended targets.
We are also modernizing our strategic
submarine missile force. The first new
Trident submarine has already been
launched and will begin sea trials this
year. The second Trident will be
launched in the spring of 1980. The first
of our new Trident missiles, with a range
of more than 4,000 miles, have already
begun operational patrols in Poseidon
submarines.
The new MX missile will enhance the
survivability of our land-based intercontinental ballistic missile force. That is why
I decided last spring to produce this missile and selected the basing mode best
suited to enhance its capability. Further
the MX will strengthen our capability to
attack a wide variety of Soviet targets.
Our new systems will enable U.S. strategic forces to maintain equivalence in the
face of the mounting Soviet challenge. We
would however need an even greater investment in strategic systems to meet the
likely Soviet buildup without SALT.
FORCES FOR NATO
We are greatly accelerating our ability
to reinforce Western Europe with massive
ground and air forces in a crisis. We are
undertaking a major modernization program for the Army's weapons and equipment, adding armor, firepower, and tactical mobility.
We are prepositioning more heavy
equipment in Europe to help us cope with
attacks with little warning, and greatly
strengthening our airlift and sealift capabilities.
We are also improving our tactical air
forces-buying about 1700 new fighter
and attack aircraft over the next five
years-and increasing the number of Air
Force fighter wings by over 10%.
We are accelerating the rate at which
we can move combat aircraft to Europe to
cope with any surprise attack, and adding
to the number of shelters at European airbases to prevent our aircraft from being
destroyed on the ground.
RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCES
We are systematically enhancing our
ability to respond rapidly to non-NATO
contingencies wherever required by our
commitments or when our vital interests
are threatened.
The rapid deployment forces we are
assembling will be extraordinarily flexible: They could range in size from a few
ships or air squadrons to formations as
large as 100,000 men, together with their
support. Our forces will be prepared for
rapid deployment to any region of strategic significance.
Among the specific initiatives we are
taking to help us respond to crises outside
of Europe are:
-the development and production of a
new fleet of large cargo aircraft with
intercontinental range;
-the design and procurement of a force
of Maritime Prepositioning Ships
that will carry heavy equipment and
supplies for three Marine Corps
brigades.
In addition, responding to the Soviet
military presence in Cuba and the proxy
role of Cuba on behalf of the USSR, we
have taken or are taking the following actions in support of the rapid deployment
force:
(1 ) We are substantially increasing our
ability to monitor Cuban and
Soviet/Cuban activities;
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(2) We have established a Caribbean
Joint Task Force Headquarters
which improves our ability to respond to events in the region;
(3) We are increasing regional military
exercises; and,
(4) We are intensifying assistance to
countries in the region that are
threatened by Soviet or Cuban
intervention.
NAVAL FORCES
Seapower is indispensable to our global
position-in peace and also in war. Our
shipbuilding program will sustain a 550 -ship Navy in the 1990s and we will continue to build the most capable ships
afloat.
The program I have proposed will assure the ability of our Navy to operate in
high threat areas, to maintain control of
the seas and protect vital lines of communication-both military and economic-and to provide the strong maritime
component of our rapid deployment
forces. This is essential for operations in
remote areas of the world, where we cannot predict far in advance the precise
location of trouble, or preposition equipment on land.
MILITARY PERSON NEL
No matter how capable or advanced
our weapons systems, our military security
depends on the abilities, the training and
the dedication of the people who serve in
our armed forces. I am determined to
recruit and to retain under any foreseeable circumstances an ample level of such
skilled and experienced military personnel.
We have enhanced our readiness and
combat endurance by improving the Reserve Components. All reservists are as
signed to units structured to complement
and provide needed depth to our active
forces. Some reserve personnel have also
now been equipped with new equipment.
MOBILIZATION PLANNING
I have also launched a major effort to
establish a coherent and practical basis
for all government mobilization planning.
Begun last May, this is the first such effort
conducted at Presidential level since
World War II. It involves virtually every
Federal agency, with the aim of improved
efficiency and readiness.
OUR INTELLIGENCE POSTURE
Our national interests are critically dependent on a strong and effective intelligence capability. We will not shortchange
the intelligence capabilities needed to assure our national security. Maintenance
of and continued improvements in our
multi-faceted intelligence effort are essential if we are to cope successfully with
the turbulence and uncertainties of today's world.
The intelligence budget I have submitted to the Congress responds to our
needs in a responsible way, providing for
significant growth over the Fiscal Year
1980 budget. This growth will enable us
to develop new technical means of intelligence collection while also assuring
that the more traditional methods of intelligence work are also given proper
stress. We must continue to integrate both
modes of collection in our analyses.
It is imperative that we now move forward promptly within the context of effective Congressional oversight to provide
America's intelligence community with
Charters which can permit it to operate
more effectively and within a national
concern codified by law.
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REGIONAL POLICIES
Every President for over three decades
has recognized that America's interests
are global and that we must pursue a
global foreign policy.
Two world wars have made clear our
stake in Western Europe and the North
Atlantic area. We are also inextricably
linked with the Far East-politically, economically, and militarily. In both of these,
the United States has a permanent presence and security commitments which
would be automatically triggered. We
have become increasingly conscious of our
growing interests in a third area-the
Middle East and the Persian Gulf area.
We have vital stakes in other major regions of the world as well. We have long
recognized that in an era of interdependence, our own security and prosperity depend upon a larger common effort with
friends and allies throughout the world.
THE ATLANTIC ALLIANCE
At the outset of this Administration I
emphasized the primacy of our Atlantic
relationship in this country's national security agenda. We have made important
progress toward making the Atlantic Alliance still more effective in a changing
security environment.
We are meeting the Soviet challenge
in a number of important ways:
First, there is a recognition among our
allies that mutual security is a responsibility to be shared by all. We are each
committed to increase national defense expenditures by 3%o per year. There remains
much work to be done in strengthening
NATO's conventional defense; the work
proceeding under the Alliance's Long
Term Defense Program will help achieve
this objective.
Last month, we and our NATO allies
took an historic step in Alliance security
policies with the decision to improve substantially our theater nuclear capabilities.
The theater nuclear force modernization
(TNF) program, which includes the deployment of improved Pershing ballistic
missiles and of ground-launched cruise
missiles in Europe, received the unanimous support of our allies. The accelerated deployment of Soviet SS-20
MIRVed missiles made this modernization step essential. TNF deployments will
give the Alliance an important retaliatory option that will make clear to the
Soviets that they cannot wage a nuclear
war in Europe and expect that Soviet territory will remain unscathed.
While we move forward with our necessary defense efforts in Europe, we are
also proceeding with our efforts to improve European security through arms
control.
As an integral part of the NATO TNF
decisions, the Alliance has made it clear
that it is prepared to negotiate limitations
on long-range theater nuclear missiles.
On our part, our TNF modernization
efforts will make possible a streamlining
of our nuclear weapons stockpile in Europe, allowing us to withdraw 1,000 nuclear warheads over the next year.
In the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks, we and our allies have recently put forward new proposals that are
designed to simplify the negotiations and
improve the prospect for early progress
in limiting conventional military forces in
Europe.
In a very real sense the accomplishments of the past year answered a critical
question concerning NATO's future: can
the Western Alliance, which has provided
the foundation for one of the longest periods of peace and prosperity that Europe
has ever enjoyed, still summon the essential cohesion, relevance, and resolve to
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deal with fundamental security issues
likely to affect its member nations well
into the next century? NATO's consensus
in favor of modernizing and negotiating
about its nuclear arsenal while continuing to improve conventional forces,
dramatized Allied capacity to respond effectively to both the military and political
threats posed by the Soviet Union.
Relations with our allies and friends in
Europe are taking on ever broader dimensions. Our security agenda remains
central; we are addressing new concerns
as well.
I met with an unprecedented number
of European statesmen in Washington
during the year just past, including the
leaders of Great Britain, West Germany,
Austria, Norway, Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Sweden, and the European Community; in all of these meetings
a common theme was the changing realities of political and economic interdependence and, as we enter a new decade,
the need to promote more equitable conditions of peaceful growth and stability
throughout the world.
This approach has achieved tangible
form in a number of ways. For example,
every West European government supports us as we have continued by every
peaceful means to seek the release of
American hostages held in Tehran in defiance of universal standards of international law and decency. We are consulting and cooperating closely in our
responses to the Soviet Union's invasion
and occupation of Afghanistan.
In the NATO area itself, we moved together vigorously to meet the serious
economic problems faced by Turkey and
thereby strengthen a vital part of
NATO's southern flank and we have
signed a new base agreement with Turkey. This action, though indispensable in
its own right, also supported our continu
ing efforts to promote a solution to the
Cyprus problem and to bring about the
reintegration of Greece within the military framework of the Atlantic Alliance,
objectives which retain high priority this
year.
ASIA
The United States is a Pacific nation,
as much as it is an Atlantic nation. Our
interests in Asia are as important to us as
our interests in Europe. Our trade with
Asia is even greater than our trade with
Europe. We have pursued and maintained these interests on the basis of a
stable balance of power in the region. Our
partnership and alliance with Japan is
central to our Asian policy. We are
strengthening our new relationship with
China. We have expanded our ties with
the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its member governments.
My trip to the Far East helped forge
closer working relationships with Japan
and Korea.
ASIAN SECURITY
The balance of power is fundamental
to Asian security. We have maintained
that balance through a strong United
States military posture in the region, as
well as close ties with our allies, Japan,
Australia, New Zealand and Korea. Over
the past year I have worked to stabilize
the United States military presence in
Asia by concluding an amended base
agreement with the Philippines that will
last until 1991. We have fostered the
closest degree of security cooperation with
Japan in the history of our two nationsexemplified by joint planning for the defense of Japan, increased Japanese contributions to United States base costs in
Japan, and large-scale Japanese purchases of United States defense equip
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ment. After examining in detail new intelligence estimates of North Korean
military strength, I decided to maintain
our troop strength in the Republic of
Korea at its present level until at least
1981. The reaffirmation of our commitment to Korean security has been of great
importance to the Koreans as they make
necessary political adjustments in the
wake of President Park's assassination.
Response by nations in East Asia to the
Soviet aggression in Afghanistan has been
gratifying. Australia in particular deserves recognition for the forthright stand
it has taken. Japan and the ASEAN nations have also been strongly supportive.
CHINA
Over the last year we have expanded
our relationship with the People's Republic of China to ensure that where our
interests coincide, our separate actions
will be mutually reinforcing. To this
end we have enhanced our consultative
relationship. We have also sought to develop an enduring institutional framework in the economic, cultural, scientific,
and trade areas.
This process has been facilitated by the
successful visits of Vice Premier Deng to
the United States and Vice President
Mondale to China; through the signing
of over 15 commercial, scientific, and cultural agreements; through numerous
Cabinet-level visits; and through a significant expansion of trade and the flow of
people between our two countries.
During Secretary of Defense Brown's
recent trip to the People's Republic of
China, wide-ranging talks were held on
global and regional issues, arms control,
technology transfer, and ways to sustain
bilateral contacts. Although we may differ with the Chinese on some issues, our
views coincide on many important issues,
particularly with respect to the implications for the region of the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan.
In 1980 I look forward to passage by
Congress early in the year of the China
Trade Agreement and of authorization of
OPIC operations in China; we plan to
conclude civil aviation, maritime, and
textile agreements; and continue to expand our commercial, cultural, and scientific relations, particularly through
ExImBank credits to the People's Republic of China.
SOUTHEAST ASIA
The countries comprising ASEAN are
central to United States interests in
Southeast Asia.
Throughout the past year, our relations with ASEAN have continued to expand as our consultative arrangements
were strengthened.
The stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia have been severely challenged
by Soviet-supported Vietnamese aggression in Cambodia. During this year we
will continue to encourage a political settlement in Cambodia which will permit
that nation to be governed by leaders of
its own choice. We have taken all prudent
steps possible to deter Vietnamese attacks on Thai territory by increasing our
support to the Thais, and by direct warnings to Vietnam and the U.S.S.R. The
other members of ASEAN have stood
firmly behind Thailand, and this in great
measure has helped to contain the conflict. We have been gratified by Thailand's courageous and humane acceptance of the Cambodian refugees.
MIDDLE EAST-PERSIAN GULF-SOUTH
ASIA
Events in Iran and Afghanistan have
dramatized for us the critical importance
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for American security and prosperity of
the area running from the Middle East
through the Persian Gulf to South Asia.
This region provides two-thirds of the
world's oil exports, supplying most of the
energy needs of our allies in Europe and
Japan. It has been a scene of almost constant conflict between nations, and of serious internal instability within many countries. And now one of its nations has been
invaded by the Soviet Union.
We are dealing with these multiple
challenges in a number of ways.
MIDDLE EAST
First, it has been a key goal of my Administration since 1977 to promote an enduring resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict-which is so essential to bringing
stability and peace to the entire region.
Following the Camp David Summit of
August 1978, in March 1979, I helped
bring about the signing of a peace treaty
between Egypt and Israel-the first time
in 30 years of Middle East conflict that
peace had shined with such a bright and
promising flame. At the historic signing
ceremony at the White House, Prime
Minister Begin and President Sadat repeated their Camp David pledge to work
for full autonomy for the West Bank and
Gaza.
Since then Egypt and Israel have been
working to complete this part of the Camp
David framework and to provide an opportunity for the Palestinian people to
participate in determining their future. I
strongly support these efforts, and have
pledged that we will be a full partner in
the autonomy negotiations. We will continue to work vigorously for a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, building on the unprecedented achievements
at Camp David.
At the same time, I have reinforced
America's commitment to Israel's security,
and to the right of all nations in the area
to live at peace with their neighbors, within secure and recognized frontiers.
PERSIAN GULF
In recent years as our own fuel imports
have soared, the Persian Gulf has become
vital to the United States as it has been to
many of our friends and allies. Over the
longer term, the world's dependence on
Persian Gulf oil is likely to increase. The
denial of these oil supplies-to us or to
others-would threaten our security and
provoke an economic crisis greater than
that of the Great Depression 50 years ago,
with a fundamental change in the way we
live.
Twin threats to the flow of oil-from
regional instability and now potentially
from the Soviet Union-require that we
firmly defend our vital interests when
threatened.
In the past year, we have begun to increase our capacity to project military
power into the Persian Gulf region, and
are engaged in explorations of increased
use of military facilities in the area. We
have increased our naval presence in the
Indian Ocean. We have been working
with countries in the region on shared security concerns. Our rapid deployment
forces, as described earlier, could be used
in support of friendly governments in the
Gulf and Southwest Asian region, as well
as in other areas.
SOUTH ASIA
The. overwhelming challenge in this
region will be dealing with the new situation posed by Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. We must help the regional
states develop a capability to withstand
Soviet pressures in a strengthened framework for cooperation in the region. We
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want to cooperate with all the states of
the region in this regard-with India and
Pakistan, with Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and
Nepal.
In this new situation, we are proposing
to the Congress a military and economic
assistance program to enable Pakistan to
buttress its defenses. This is a matter of
the most urgent concern, and I strongly
urge the earliest possible approval by the
House and Senate. We are also working
closely with other friends of Pakistan to
increase the resources available for Pakistan's development and security.
We are also pursuing the possibility of
gaining access to military facilities in the
region in time of trouble. We are prepared to work closely with our friends in
the region, on a cooperative basis, to do
whatever is required to ensure that aggressors would bear heavy costs so that
further aggression is deterred.
A high priority for us in the region is
to manage our nuclear concerns with India and Pakistan in ways that are compatible with our global and regional priorities. The changed security situation in
South Asia arising from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan calls for legislative
action to allow renewed assistance to Pakistan. But this in no way diminishes our
commitment to work to prevent nuclear
weapons proliferation, in Pakistan or elsewhere.
Steady growth of our economic assistance is also essential if the countries of
South Asia are to achieve growth and true
stability.
AFRICA
A peaceful transition to majority rule
in Southern Africa continues to be a major
goal of the United States. We gave our
fullest support to the successful British
drive to reach an agreement among all
parties in Rhodesia. The process of implementation will not be easy, but the path
is now open to a peaceful outcome. With
our European allies, Canada and the African states directly concerned we also are
making progress toward independence
and majority rule for Namibia. The momentum resulting from successful resolution of the Rhodesian conflict should aid
in these initiatives.
Congressional support for the Executive Branch decision to maintain sanctions
on Rhodesia until the parties reached
agreement on a ceasefire and an impartial
elections process had begun was instrumental in creating the conditions necessary for agreement. Now that the United
States, European trading partners and the
surrounding African states have lifted
sanctions, the process of economic reconstruction in Rhodesia-soon to be Zimbabwe-can begin.
With the creation of an independent
Zimbabwe after many years of fighting,
we will be prepared to cooperate in a coherent multi-donor development plan for
the poor nations in the Southern Africa
region.
Our active support for self-determination and racial equality in Southern Africa
has enabled the United States to develop
a continuing and effective dialogue with
governments throughout the continent. As
Africa grows more important to us for economic, political and strategic reasons, we
will be strengthening our ties of mutual
interest with Africans. We will continue to
participate in their first priority-economic development-and to help Africans
resolve their political problems and maintain stability in their continent.
Whether in the Horn or in other areas
of the continent, we will also provide to
friendly nations security assistance when
needed for defense of their borders.
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NORTH AFRICA
In 1979 the United States moved to
help a long-standing friend by strengthening our arms supply relationship with
Morocco. In assisting Morocco to deal
with attacks inside its internationally recognized frontiers, we seek conditions of
greater security and confidence in which
a political settlement of the Western Sahara conflict can be effectively pursued.
Though not itself a mediator, the United
States in the months ahead will encourage
the countries in the area to resolve their
differences peacefully in order that the
vast economic potential of North Africa
can be exploited for the well-being of the
people living there.
LATIN AMERICA
Since my inauguration, I have worked
hard to forge a new, collaborative relationship with the nations of Latin America and the Caribbean-one resting on a
firm commitment to human rights, democratization, economic development and
non-intervention. The events of 1979 -even the turbulence in Central America
and the Caribbean-presented us with opportunities to move toward these goals.
There was encouraging progress in the
area of human rights and democratization
in the Western Hemisphere this past year.
The inauguration of a new democracy in
Ecuador, and the strong effort by the
Andean countries to preserve democracy
in Bolivia were positive steps.
During 1979, I met with the President
of Mexico twice to discuss the opportunities and difficult issues before our two
countries. We have taken worthwhile
steps, including an agreement on natural
gas and on trade.
On October 1, Vice President Mondale
and many leaders from Latin America
traveled to Panama to celebrate the coming into force of the Panama Canal
Treaties. The transition to a new relationship and a new structure to manage the
Canal was smooth and effective because
of the contributions and the mutual
respect between Panamanians and
Americans.
-The Vice President also traveled to
Brazil and Venezuela. The Secretary of
State met with leaders in Quito at the inauguration of the new democratic President of Ecuador and in LaPaz at the OAS
General Assembly. These meetings have
helped us to develop further the close
consultative ties which are so important
to a free and balanced community of nations in the hemisphere.
Also, in 1979, the United States moved
to a much closer economic and political
relationship with the increasingly significant Andean Pact countries. A memorandum of understanding on economic
relations was signed in Washington in
November.
Central America and the Caribbean
region are undergoing a period of rapid
social and political change. There is a
threat that intervention by Cuba may
thwart the desire of the people of the region for progress within a democratic
framework and we have been working
closely with the governments in the region
to try to aid in the developmental process
of the region and are prepared to assist
those threatened by outside intervention.
The Caribbean Group, which is coordinated by the World Bank and which we
helped establish, has now become an important factor for development in the
region, adding $260 million in concessionary resources to the region. We have
increased our aid to the Caribbean, reprogrammed loans, and are seeking prompt
Congressional action on a supplemental
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of $80 million for Nicaragua and Central
America.
My Science Advisor, Dr. Frank Press,
led a large delegation of scientists and
educators to Barbados, Peru, Venezuela
and Brazil to forge new and fruitful ties
between our countries in important areas
of science and technology.
THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
A growing defense effort and a vigorous foreign policy rest upon a strong economy here in the United States. And the
strength of our own economy depends
upon our ability to lead and compete in
the international marketplace.
ENERGY
An essential lesson to be drawn from
Iran is that there are compelling foreign
policy, as well as domestic economic reasons for lessening our dependence on foreign oil.
In response to a series of United States
proposals, the industrial countries
adopted in 1979 a cooperative energy
strategy for the 1980's. Its main elements
are collective restraint on oil imports; intensified efforts to conserve oil and boost
production of conventional substitutes for
oil; and collaborative research, development and commercialization of new fuel
technologies.
At the Tokyo Economic Summit in
June, the heads of government of the
seven major industrial democracies agreed
that they must take responsibility for curbing oil demand. By the end of the year,
20 industrialized nations, members of the
International Energy Association, had
agreed not only to enforce equitably allocated ceilings on their oil imports, but to
create a system for quickly adjusting the
ceilings to changes in world oil supply.
Completion of the detailed agreements to
execute the global oil demand-allocation
process is at the head of the international
energy agenda for 1980.
At the 1980 Economic Summit in Venice, I intend to propose further joint action to smooth the transition from oil to
more abundant fuels and to slow the
growth in oil prices.
In support of the international oil strategy, the Administration and the United
States coal industry are launching joint
marketing efforts to make this country a
major exporter of steam coal. With assurance of reliable United States coal supply
at competitive prices, many of the electric
power plants to be built in the 1980s and
1990s can be coal-fired rather than oilburning. Coal exports will help us pay for
our declining but costly oil imports.
A new source of natural gas supply for
the United States-Mexico-was opened
through the conclusion of government-togovernment negotiations. Through close
cooperation with our northern neighbor,
Canada, the Administration cleared the
way for expanding the flow of Canadian
natural gas to the United States and for
private development of the Alaskan gas
pipeline across Canada to the lower 48
states.
We continue to believe that nuclear
power will play an essential role in meeting the energy needs of many nations, but
with effective safeguards against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY POLICY
We are moving forcefully to establish
the fundamental economic conditions for
a strong dollar. In 1979 the balance of
payments was in approximate balance for
the first time in three years, despite substantially higher oil import costs. Our
anti-inflationary economic policies and
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
strong energy program should provide a
basis for further improvement. Of course
the outcome depends in part also upon
responsible pricing behavior by OPEC
and other oil producers.
We support the efforts under way to
strengthen the international monetary system. I urge the Congress to enact promptly legislation permitting the United States
to increase its quota in the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) as part of the
general expansion of Fund resources. We
welcome the measures being taken by the
IMF to improve its ability to promote
sound economic and exchange rate policies in. all member countries. We also
welcome the study of the possible establishment of a "substitution account" to
strengthen the international monetary
system by promoting the role of the Special Drawing Right as the principal reserve asset in the system.
TRADE
Under the direction of my Special
Trade Representative, we brought to a
successful conclusion the multilateral
trade negotiations, the most ambitious set
of negotiations to reduce barriers to international trade in a decade. The resulting "MTN" agreements, covering a broad
spectrum of trade issues, were concluded
and ratified by overwhelming majorities of
the United States Congress. These binding commitments, signed by all the major
trading nations, provide the framework
for a new era in international trading relations with them and with the developing nations. This makes clear my resolve
and that of the American people to resist
the dangers of protectionism.
The reorganization of the Federal government trade agencies which I directed
will assure more effective and prompt
governmental action to exploit the export
opportunities afforded by the MTN. The
plan, approved by Congress this fall, establishes a strong, authoritative voice in
the Executive Office of the President to
provide coherence and leadership to
United States trade policy, negotiations,
and the implementation of the MTN
trade codes. The reorganization establishes the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and strengthens the Commerce
Department.
SUGAR
In 1979, Congress ratified the International Sugar Agreement, thus fulfilling a
major commitment of this Administration.
The agreement is an important element in
our international commodity policy with
far-reaching implications for our relations
with developing countries, particularly
sugar producers in Latin America. This
agreement and other measures my Administration has taken already have
helped to stabilize sugar prices and bring
high domestic prices into line with those
prevailing in the world marketplace.
Producers and consumers alike will benefit
from a more stable market for this essential commodity. We need prompt enactment of implementing legislation for this
agreement.
TIN
At year's end, Congress approved stockpile disposal legislation which will permit the General Services Administration
to sell 30,000 metric tons of tin from our
strategic stockpile and contribute up to
5,000 metric tons to the International Tin
Organization's (ITO) buffer stock. This
fulfills a United States pledge made during the Conference on International Economic Cooperation and represents a
major step forward in our relations with
producing countries in the developing
world. We will consult with other mem
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
bers of the ITO to ensure that our tin disposals do not disrupt markets and take
into account the needs of both producers
and consumers.
COMMON FUND
The United States joined members of
the United Nations Conference on Trade
and Development, both developed and
developing nations, in negotiating an
agreement on the framework of a Common Fund to help international commodity agreements stabilize the prices of raw
materials. Negotiations are now underway on the final articles of agreement of
the Fund.
The United States also participated in
successful negotiations on an international rubber agreement.
ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH DEVELOPING NATIONS
Our relations with the developing nations are of central importance to the
United States. The fabric of our relations
with these countries has both political and
economic dimensions, as we witnessed in
recent weeks when nations of the Third
World took the lead in condemning the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Our ability to work together with developing nations toward goals we have in commontheir political independence, the resolution of regional tensions, and our growing
ties of trade for example-require us to
maintain the policy of active engagement
with the developing world that we have
pursued over the past three years.
The foreign assistance legislation which
I will be submitting to you for FY 81 provides the authority and the funds to carry
on a cooperative relationship with a large
number of developing nations. Prompt
Congressional action on this legislation is
essential in order to meet our treaty and
base rights agreements, continue our
peace efforts in the Middle East, provide
economic and development support to
countries in need, promote progress on
North-South issues, protect Western
interests, and counter Soviet influence.
We will also be asking Congress to enable us to honor our international agreements for multilateral assistance by
authorizing and appropriating funds for
the International Financial Institutions.
Finally, the Administration and the
Congress agreed in 1979 on fundamental
changes in the way the United States government is organized to conduct economic and technical relations with the
developing nations. I submitted and the
Congress approved a plan to consolidate
in a small policy-coordination body, the
International Development Cooperation
Agency (IDCA), responsibility for direct
United States development assistance, for
guidance to United States representatives
in multilateral development agencies, and
for presenting our long-term development
interests in Federal government policy
bodies dealing with trade and other economic relations with developing nations.
I also submitted, and the House approved
in the 1979 session of Congress, a plan to
establish the Institute for Scientific and
Technological Cooperation (ISTC), a
constituent element of the IDCA group of
agencies. Once approved, the ISTC will
carry out research as well as support research by foreign scientists on technological means of reducing poverty in developing nations.
FOOD-THE WAR ON HUNGER
One of the main economic problems
facing developing countries is lagging
food production. We must help these
countries meet this problem-not only so
that their peoples will be free from the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
threat of continuing hunger, but also so
that their societies will be strong enough
to resist external pressure. I have directed
that United States bilateral and multilateral aid be geared increasingly to this
goal, as recommended by our Hunger
Commission, chaired by Sol Linowitz; we
are urging other donor countries to join in
more effective efforts to this end.
Good progress has been made since the
Tokyo Economic Summit called for increased effort on this front. The World
Bank is giving this problem top priority,
as are some other donor countries. The
resources of the consultative Group on
International Agricultural Research will
be doubled over a five-year period. The
work of our own Institute of Scientific
and Technological Cooperation will further strengthen the search for relevant
new agricultural technologies.
The goal of freeing the world from
hunger by the year 2000 should command
the full support of all countries.
THE HUMAN DIMENSION OF FOREIGN
POLICY
HUMAN RIGHTS
The ultimate aim of our foreign policy
must be to preserve freedom for ourselves
and to expand freedom for others. This is
a matter both of national principle and
of national interest. For we believe that
free and open societies are not only better
able to meet the rising expectations of
their people; they are also better able to
accommodate often conflicting internal
pressures before popular frustrations explode in violent and radical directions.
We do not seek to impose our system
or institutions on others. Rather, we seek
to support, in practical and concrete ways,
the efforts of other nations to build their
own institutions in ways that will meet
the irrepressible human drive for freedom
and justice.
Human rights policy commands the
strong support of our citizens, and of the
Congress. The world climate increasingly
favors human rights progress.
Despite new turbulence and conflict,
the past year featured some encouraging
positive developments. We cannot and
should not claim credit for them. But it is
clear that we are part of a growing movement. During 1979, we saw:
-The further strengthening of democratic practices in Spain and Portugal,
with free elections in both countries;
-The disappearance of several of the
world's most repressive regimes;
-The freeing of political prisoners in
Asia, Africa, and Latin America;
-A return to democratic rule in several
Latin American countries and widespread
progress in reducing human rights violations in the region;
-The growing strength of international human rights institutions. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
held its first meeting. Preparations began
for another conference to review compliance with the Helsinki accords, to be held
in Madrid this November. The OAU took
long strides toward establishing a human
rights commission for Africa. UN bodies
became increasingly active in their human
rights efforts.
The United States is still not a party to
the key human rights treaties that establish world standards and implementing
machinery. In early 1978, I sent for Senate approval four such treaties, the American Convention on Human Rights, the
Convention on Racial Discrimination, and
the UN Covenants on Civil and Political
Rights and on Economic and Social and
Cultural Rights. Hearings were held in
1979. No single action by this country
would do more to advance the cause of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
human rights than Senate approval of
these instruments and a fifth human
rights treaty sent to Congress previously,
the Genocide Convention. I urge the
earliest possible Senate action.
HUMANITARIAN AID
The mass exodus of refugees from Vietnam reached a crescendo in summer 1979
with over 65,000 people a month fleeing
repression and economic privation. Most
fled by boat, and many were lost at sea. In
July, at a special UN meeting on refugees,
Vice President Mondale presented a
major United States program to rescue
and help support and resettle the new
refugee population. I doubled to 14,000
a month the number of Indochinese refugees the United States, in accord with
our finest traditions, would absorb over
the year ahead.
The Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea in late 1978 gravely jeopardized the
supply of food for the already decimated
and brutalized Khmer people. In October, I announced that the United States
would pay one-third of the costs of the international relief program mounted jointly
by UNICEF and the International Committee of the Red Cross. Leaders of thirtyfive church and voluntary agencies, with
White House encouragement, are engaged
in their own large fund-raising program
for refugees.
In early November, Mrs. Carter visited
refugees on the Thai-Cambodian border
and reported back to me, the United
States voluntary agencies, and the American people. In response, our efforts to
avert a mass famine were accelerated.
The obstacles remain daunting-continued warfare and aggression by Vietnam, non-distribution by the Phnom
Penh authorities of much of the UNICEF-ICRC aid, movement of up to 900,
000 hungry Khmer to and across the Thai
border where they can be fed and helped.
But Americans will continue their efforts both public and private to avert the
famine that looms. New help for our efforts will come from the National Committee formed in early 1980 by leading
citizens to help in mobilizing and supporting the sustained effort essential to achieve
this humanitarian goal.
As the year began, we are also considering new means of helping, through our
contribution to the UN High Commissioner for Refuoees and in other ways, the
mounting Afghan refugee population in
Pakistan and other desperate refugee situations such as Somalia.
It cannot be ignored that the destructive and aggressive policies of the Soviet
Union have added immeasurably to the
suffering in these three tragic situations.
I have asked the heads of the appropriate departments of the Executive
Branch to play an active role in the Select
Commission on Immigration and Refugee
Policy to formulate a new approach to
deal with sensitivity with the difficult subject of people arriving on our shores from
Latin America.
My meeting with Pope John Paul II
during his historic and unprecedented
visit to the United States helped raise the
world's consciousness in connection with
pressing problems of famine, homelessness,
and human rights. Our talks spurred positive action in many of these areas, notably
Indochina, and set the stage for further
action in 1980.
THE CONTROL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Together with our friends and allies, we
are striving to build a world in which peoples with diverse interests can live freely
and prosper. But all that humankind has
achieved to date, all that we are seeking to
0
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
accomplish, and human existence itself
can be undone in an instant-in the catastrophe of a nuclear war.
Thus one of the central objectives of
my Administration has been to control the
proliferation of nuclear weapons to those
nations which do not have them, and
their further development by the existing
nuclear powers-notably the Soviet Union
and the United States.
NON-PROLIFERATION
I entered office committed to assert
American leadership in stemming the proliferation of nuclear weapons-which
could create fundamental new instabilities in critical regions of the world, and
threaten the security of the United States,
This should not and cannot be done unilaterally. The cooperation of other suppliers of nuclear technology and materials
is needed. This issue must not become a
North-South confrontation.
We have been proceeding on a number
of fronts:
-We have been seeking to encourage
nations to accede to the Non-Proliferation
Treaty, or to accept full-scope international safeguards. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act calls for such safeguards in
connection with United States nuclear exports.
-The International Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Evaluation (INFCE) has demonstrated that suppliers and recipients can
work together. Its results will be published
in a month. While differences remain, it
will provide a broader international basis
for national decisions which must balance
energy needs with non-proliferation
concerns.
-Finally, we are working to encourage
regional cooperation and restraint. Protocol I of the Treaty of Tlatelolco which
will contribute to the lessening of nuclear
dangers for our Latin American neighbors
has not yet been ratified by the United
States Senate.
Working together with the Congress, I
remain committed to the vigorous pursuit of our non-proliferation objectives.
LIMITATIONS ON STRATEGIC ARMS
The most prominent of our nuclear
arms control efforts is, of course, SALT
II.
The signing of the Treaty brought to
an end painstaking negotiations carried
out under three administrations of both
parties.
-SALT II is in our mutual interest; it
is neither an American favor to the Soviet
Union nor a Soviet favor to the United
States.
-Ratification of the SALT II Treaty
would represent a major step forward in
restraining the continued growth of
Soviet strategic forces.
Because SALT II reduces superpower
competition in its most dangerous manifestation, this Treaty is the single most
important bilateral accord of the decade:
-SALT II will permit us better to
maintain strategic equivalence in nuclear weapons and devote our defense increases more heavily to our
highest priority needs for conventional force improvements;
-Without it, the Soviets can add more
power to their forces and better conceal from us what they are doing;
-Without SALT II, and the beginning
of SALT III, deeper cuts would take
many more years to achieve;
-Without SALT II, our efforts to control the proliferation of nuclear
weapons will be more difficult.
I believe that the Senate will ratify
SALT II because the Treaty is, in its
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
simplest terms, in the interest of our Nation's security.
But I do not believe it advisable at this
time to bring up the Treaty for consideration on the Senate floor. The Congress
and the Executive Branch must first deal
with the pressing matters arising from the
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
CONCLUSION
As we enter the decade of the 1980's,
we face challenges both at home and
abroad which will test our qualities as a
people-our toughness and willingness to
sacrifice for larger goals, our courage and
our vision.
For this Nation to remain secure, for
this country to prosper, we must rise above
narrow interests. The dangers of disunity
are self-evident in a world of major power
confrontation. The rewards of a new national consensus and sense of purpose are
equally clear.
We have new support in the world for
our purposes of national independence
and individual human dignity. We have a
new will at home to do what is required
to keep us the strongest nation on earth.
We must move together into this decade with the strength which comes from
realization of the dangers before us and
from the confidence that together we can
overcome them.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 21, 1980.
Iowa Democratic Party Caucuses
Statement by the President. January 21, 1980
I deeply appreciate the vote of confidence from Iowa Democrats. Their expression of support is particularly welcome
in these difficult times.
This campaign was a success primarily
because of the dedication and hard work
of thousands of volunteers. I want them to
know that I am personally grateful for
their commitment and determination.
I congratulate Senator Kennedy and his
supporters for a hard-fought and wellorganized effort in Iowa.
All those Iowans of both parties who attended the precinct caucuses demonstrated their belief in our system of representative democracy. That system is the
strength of our Nation and the hope of
the world.
I regret that I was unable to campaign
personally in Iowa and look forward to
the time when international circumstances
permit me to seek actively and personally
the support of my fellow Democrats.
National Religious Broadcasters
Remarks at the Association's Annual
Convention. January 21, 1980
Thank you very much, Dr. Hofer, Dr.
Armstrong, Larnelle Harris, members and
friends of the National Religious Broadcasters, ladies and gentlemen:
I have been very excited ever since
I accepted the invitation to come here
to have a chance to meet all you famous
people. [Laughter]
Not too long ago at the White House
one of your members came to see me, and
he said, "Mr. President, I have watched
you several times lately as you've performed on television." And he said, "I
think before you make your State of the
Union message it would benefit you a lot
to come to the National Religious Broadcasters meeting and get a few pointers."
[Laughter] So, here I am.
As you may know, this is an election
year and-[laughter]-it's going to be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 21
quite different from the last one in 1976,
not particularly because I'm an incumbent, although that will make a difference, but I decided on the way over here
that I'm going to turn over to you one of
the tremendous responsibilities that I had
in 1976. This year I'm going to let you
spend your full time explaining what it
means to be born again. [Laughter]
Almost exactly 3 years ago, I took the
oath of office as President of the United
States of America. It was a responsibility
that I sought with all my ability, and I
have tried with the same degree of commitment to carry out my duties as President. I've sought to mold the policies and
the programs of our Nation to meet the
needs of each transient moment, to prepare our Nation for the future, which we
can only dimly see. And I have, as never
before in my life, had to rely on God's
help.
As President, I have been privileged to
meet great people, famous people-men
and women of great faith, men and women of no faith. I have had a chance to
worship with fellow believers who share
with me the deepest possible personal
faith and the common traditions that bind
all of us together. I have had a chance to
talk about the Gideons' work and Bibles
with the Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China, Deno Xiaoping, and
about the need for him to open up the
gates of China once again for missionaries
to bear the word.
I've shared my faith with leaders of
Korea, Poland, and other nations that
I've visited. And I've found a sense of
brotherhood with a Moslem leader of
Egypt, Anwar Sadat, and a Jewish leader
of Israel, Menahem Begin, as we worked
together trying to find the ideal of Christ:
peace on Earth. I have had a chance for
private and personal worship and prayer,
with friends and others, in the seclusion
of my home at the White House and also
at Camp David.
Rosalynn and I read the Bible together
every night, not as some sort of mystical
guidebook, as some might think, to give us
quick and simple answers to every problem of a nation or personal life, but because we find new insights and new inspirations in this present job in passages
that we have read and known and loved
ever since childhood.
I'm glad that the Bible does not tell us
just about mighty warriors or great
prophets or wise leaders. It also tells us
about sinful men and women, men like the
Disciples-sometimes stubborn, reluctant,
selfish, weak, struggling with their own
fears and failures and lack of faith. Yet
with God's help, they were able to do great
things.
I am thankful that God has always done
his work through imperfect human beings,
seeing the strength, the need-what was
an apparent weakness-and the potential
beneath what seemed to be their human
fallibilities and failures, and the courage
that existed beneath their fear. Only when
they realized their own personal limitations could God work fully in their lives.
The seventies, which have just concluded, has been called the decade of the
"Me Generation," but there's evidence
that even in the frantic effort for personal
self-gratification, there is a longing for
meaning and purpose; there's a hunger for
things which do not change.
Not long ago I was in South Korea, and
I went to church in what was formally an
abandoned airport, where 1 million people had come to hear Billy Graham preach
about Christ. And not long ago I was in
Chicago, in a site where 1I/2 million people came to worship with Pope John
Paul II.
Sometimes, however, a search even for
a religious faith and religious meaning can
be distorted into terrible acts, as the recent
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
experiences have shown us. The urge to
believe is so strong that faith has great
power, even when it's perverted into terrorism and tyranny. We see it sometimes
in fanatical acts of cruelty and repression,
in the name of religion, all around the
world. The hungry, the homeless, the
hostages are all testimonies of man's continued capacity for evil. Yet we see in this
world the great urge of people, decent
people, to ease suffering. We see nations
and institutions within nations and individuals within institutions giving their
time and their effort and their money,
even their lives, to make a life more viable
and a life more livable for an entire
struggling population that might be starving or for a single homeless child.
Our Nation, the United States, has been
especially blessed; yet, in our own abundance and freedom we are too quick to
complain and to turn aside from our principles and ideals when the pressures of
everyday life bear heavy on us. We often
are like the children of Israel who were
delivered from Egypt and provided manna
every day by God, but who complained
about the discipline and who coveted the
fish and the melons that they had left
behind in Egypt, while forgetting the
slavery. Like the children of Israel, we
cannot always know where the road will
lead. God does give us guidance, but he
does not provide roadmaps with a sure
and certain destination.
Our Nation now is faced with serious
challenges and choices which may require
sacrifice, even from those assembled here
in this great hall. But it's important that
we keep our perspective and realize what
is truly valuable. It is not a sacrifice to
give up waste. It's not a sacrifice to submit
to God's will. It's not a sacrifice to care for
others or to struggle for peace or to tell
the truth. We need not look at the problems of today as a reason for fear. This
Nation was built by men and women who
dared to strike out on new paths, to face
any challenge, and who saw change in
their lives-which might have been frightful-as an opportunity. They held onto
enduring values as they opened up new
worlds for them and later on for us.
There's no way that we can recapture
now their world 200 years later, but we
can recapture their spirit of unity and of
mutual concern, and we can also share
their faith.
A television station or the Oval Office
is a powerful pulpit. Our influence as individuals can be greatly magnified. And
as we realize the tremendous audiences
that we have, humility does not come
naturally.
The one measure of greatness is how
we best exemplify the high principles of
those whom we served and whom we serve
now. You and I serve Christ. I also serve
America. And I have never found in my
own life any incompatibility between
these two responsibilities for service. My
biggest concern, I know as yours is, is that
I might never betray those whom I have
been called upon to serve.
The next month and years will not be
easy, but I know that God never promised
us freedom would be easy, only that it was
worth the cost. God does not promise to
make us perfect here on Earth, just to forgive our sins. God never promised a life
without a cross, just the strength to bear
our burdens.
Our Nation, in these troubled and fastchanging technological times, is hungry
for the truth. You here tonight as religious
broadcasters have a great responsibility.
Millions of people listen to your voices and
watch your programs. You have an awesome power to shape public opinion, to
teach, to educate, and to implant ideas in
many human minds. Even more than
those in commercial broadcasting, you
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 22
must take the time, pay the price to give,
while you are on the air, a true message.
Since I've been in Washington, I've
come to learn much more clearly what
Paul meant when he said that we should
pray without ceasing. I do pray a lot every
day, as I move from one event to another,
as I wait for a new foreign leader or a
national leader to come in my office, as I
decide issues that might affect the life of
one person or a small community or, perhaps, sometimes even the entire world.
And I do not always make the right decision, because I do not always follow God's
will. But someone has said that truth often
rides on the back of error. We are learning
together. How can we serve better? How
can our lives be more meaningful? How
can we and the people that listen to our
voice be challenged and inspired to reach
for greatness?
I'm strengthened by the prayers of
others, of those I love, and of people
throughout this Nation whom I will never
meet. Even when people do not agree with
me on a particular stand I take and might
be severely critical, they still keep praying
for me because I'm President. I need those
prayers, and I need help to build a nation
and, perhaps, a world of freedom and
justice and opportunity, of law and community, where our knowledge and power
and wealth in this Nation can be used to
feed the hungry, to heal the sick, to
strengthen families, and to husband and
save the vast resources that God has given
us in our beautiful and bountiful land.
As President, I often think about the
story of Moses at Rephaim, which you
know very well. The children of Israel
were murmuring against Moses, and as
soon as he would solve one problem, another one would arise. Then, as you know,
Amalek attacked. And while Joshua led
Israel's soldiers, Moses stood on a high
hill. And under God's direction, as long as
Moses held up his hands, the Israelites prevailed, and when he let his hands down,
Amalek prevailed against them. They
fought on all through the day, and Moses'
arms grew weary. And then late in the
afternoon, Aaron and Hur got stones. And
they came, and one stood on each side,
and they held up his arms, and Moses'
hands were steady until sundown, and the
Israelites prevailed.
No matter how strong his will, no
matter how strong his desire, a President
cannot carry out his responsibilities alone.
But I have found that when my own arms
grow weary, there are those on each side,
on many sides, to hold up my hands. And
I always thank God for the responsibilities
that I have, and I always thank God for
the help that I receive.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 7:04 p.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel.
In his opening remarks, the President referred to David L. Hofer, president, and Ben
Armstrong, executive director, National Religious Broadcasters, and recording artist Larnelle Harris.
Shipments of Agricultural
Commodities to the Soviet Union
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting a Report.
January 21, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and
the installation of a puppet government
is an extremely serious threat to peace. It
threatens vital U.S. security and foreign
policy interests:
-It places the Soviets within aircraft
striking range of the vital oil resources of the Persian Gulf;
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-It threatens a strategically located
country, Pakistan;
-It poses the prospect of increased
Soviet pressure on Iran and on other
nations in the Middle East;
-Above all, it shows that the Soviets
will use force to take over a neighboring country.
The Soviet invasion requires a firm and
vigorous response by the United States.
We must make clear to the Soviet Union
that it cannot trample on the independence of other states and at the same time
carry on business as usual with the rest of
the world.
I have therefore taken several measures. I have directed the Secretary of
Commerce to restrict exports and reexports of identified agricultural commodities from the United States to the
U.S.S.R., except for exports of wheat and
corn authorized under Article I of the
Agreement on the Supply of Grain of
October 20, 1975. These restrictions became effective January 7, 1980 under
regulations issued by the Department of
Commerce. The restrictions were initially
made applicable to a broadly described
group of agricultural commodities and
products as a means of quickly achieving
the objective of stopping exports of any
items which are significant in terms of the
grounds on which I acted. The Department of Commerce is revising the list to
eliminate items for which controls are not
warranted.
I have acted in the national security
and foreign policy interests of the United
States under the authority of the Export
Administration Act of 1979. I transmit
herewith my report pursuant to Sections
6 (e) and 7 (g) (3) of the Act.
I have recognized that other countries
are major exporters of agricultural commodities. At my direction, United States
officials promptly began consultations
with other major agricultural exporters to
seek their cooperation in restricting exports in harmony with our actions. These
consultations and negotiations have been
fruitful and will continue. We have also
consulted with U.S. farm organizations
and trading companies, and these consultations have contributed valuable information concerning the domestic impact of these export restrictions, their adverse impact on the Soviet Union, and
the availability of identified items from
foreign sources. I have considered the
possibility that some of the agricultural
commodities involved might be obtained
by the Soviet Union from other countries.
I have also assessed the threat to our national security and foreign policy posed
by the Soviet aggression and the consequences of a failure to take prompt and
decisive action. I have determined pursuant to Section 4(c) of the Act that the
absence of such controls would prove detrimental to the foreign policy and national security interests of the United
States.
Pursuant to Section 6(d) of the Act,
I have determined that although reasonable efforts have been made to achieve
the purposes of these controls through
alternative means, available alternatives
would not comparably advance the foreign policy and national security interests
of the United States.
I have also directed that the Secretary
of Commerce, in consultation with the
Secretary of Defense and other appropriate officials, review and revise our policy
with respect to the export of high technology and other strategic items to the Soviet
Union. This review is to proceed with the
utmost urgency. Effective January 1 1,
1980 the Department of Commerce suspended all outstanding licenses and authorizations for exports to the Soviet
Union and announced that it has suspended the issuance of new licenses and
authorizations. The review I have direct
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 22
ed will also consider what our policy
should be on future applications for licenses, whether existing special licenses
should be amended or revoked, and
whether validated licenses should be required for any other exports currently
permitted to the Soviet Union under general license. The Secretary of Commerce
announced on January 11, 1980 his denial
on national security grounds of eight license applications for export of high technology items to the Soviet Union.
When the review and revision of our
policy on high technology and other strategic items is completed, I will submit a
further report to the Congress concerning any additional controls that may be
imposed.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
RESTRICTIONS ON AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY EXPORTS TO THE USSR: REPORT TO THE CONGRESS PURSUANT TO
THE EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT OF
1979
Acting pursuant to a Presidential directive issued on January 7, 1980 under the
authority of the Export Administration
Act of 1979, the Department of Commerce has issued rules effective p.m. January 7, 1980, restricting the export of identified agricultural commodities and products to the Soviet Union. (45 Fed. Reg.
1883, Jan. 9, 1980). This is the Report
required by Sections 6(e) and 7(g) (3)
of the Act with respect to the imposition
of these export controls.
These Restrictions Further Significantly
U.S. National Security and Foreign Policy
Interests
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and
the installation of a puppet government
is an extraordinary and grave act of ag
gression which threatens vital U.S. security and foreign policy interests. This
invasion is an extremely serious threat to
peace.
-It places the Soviets within aircraft
striking range of the vital oil resources of the Persian Gulf;
-It threatens a strategically located
country, Pakistan;
-It poses the prospect of increased
Soviet pressure on Iran and on other
nations of the Middle East;
-Above all, it is the first Soviet invasion of a previously independent
and unoccupied nation since World
War II.
These extraordinary circumstances demand prompt and forceful response by
the United States. We must show the
Soviet Union that it cannot expect to continue to do business as usual with the
United States while it is invading and
occupying an independent nation. Accordingly, restrictions have been placed on
agricultural exports to the USSR. These
exports make a substantial contribution to
Soviet strength. U.S. security interests are
affected when that strength is devoted to
the military invasion of previously independent nations. Curtailment of these exports is a critical element in our efforts to
demonstrate to the USSR in tangible ways
that it cannot engage in armed aggression
with impunity and without cost to itself.
As President and Commander-in-Chief
of the Armed Forces of the United States,
I find that the exports being curtailed by
this action make a significant contribution to the military potential of the Soviet
Union that is detrimental to the national
security of the United States.
Probability of Success. The restrictions
can reasonably be expected to bring home
to the Soviet leaders that they cannot act
as they have in Afghanistan without paying a significant price. The controls are
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Jan. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
expected to have a significant impact on
the Soviet economy. They will impress upon the Soviet people the consequences of
their government's actions. Absent substitutes from other sources, the restrictions will mean the loss of up to half of
projected grain imports for FY 1980.
Combined with the 48 million ton shortfall from planned 1979 production, the effect will be a major reduction in the availability of livestock feed, the slaughter of
livestock that cannot be fed, and in due
course a significant reduction in USSR
meat production below planned levels.
Moreover, contacts with the governments
of other major grain supplier countries
indicate that there will be substantial cooperation in limiting the Soviet Union's
ability to replace the curtailed U.S. shipments with imports from other sources.
Compatibility with Foreign Policy. The
controls are essential to achieve U.S. national security and foreign policy objectives and are compatible with overall U.S.
policy toward the USSR, for the reasons
given above.
Foreign Reaction. Many countries have
expressed support for these actions by the
United States, and United States officials
are urgently consulting with other suppliers to seek complementary actions.
Economic Impact of Controls. The
most significant effect of the control on
U.S. exports relates to the 17 million tons
of grain previously authorized for the Soviet Union, valued at about $2.3 billion.
In FY 1978 U.S. exports of all agricultural commodities to the USSR were $1.9
billion, and in FY 1979 $2.2 billion. These
exports constituted 6.8% of total U.S.
agricultural exports in FY 1978 and 6.9%
in FY 1979. Grain exports accounted for
about 80% of the value of U.S. agricultural exports to the USSR in FY 1979.
Soybeans accounted for another 15%.
The U.S. provided 65.1% of Soviet grain
imports in FY 1978 and 77.8% in FY
1979.
Total Soviet grain utilization is estimated at 231 million metric tons from
July, 1978 to June, 1979, and-before
imposition of these restrictions-was projected to be 228 million tons for July, 1979
to June, 1980. U.S. grain exports (11.1
million tons) accounted for 4.8% of the
1978/1979 Soviet use. Before these restrictions, U.S. exports were projected to
provide 11.2% (25.5 million tons) of the
Soviets' projected 1979/1980 utilization
(228 million tons).
The United States is the world's largest
exporter of wheat and corn and will remain so even after the suspension of most
agricultural commodity exports to the
Soviet Union. The United States has been
undertaking consultations with other governments to reduce the possibility that
other suppliers would take advantage of
U.S. action to build up their own competitive position at U.S. expense. Because the export restriction has been
imposed on agricultural commodities destined to the USSR in response to a Soviet
act of aggression and on the basis of fundamental U.S. national security and foreign policy interests, it is unlikely that
such action will diminish the overall reputation of the United States as a reliable
supplier.
With respect to foreign availability of
wheat and corn, the United States is the
major supplier of these commodities in
world trade. At this time, it appears that
additional supplies available in the world
market are limited. With respect to soybeans and soybean products, there is substantially greater foreign availability. The
availability of these commodities to the
Soviet Union will depend therefore, in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 22
part, upon the cooperation of foreign
suppliers.
In the absence of offsetting domestic
policies the restriction on agricultural exports to the USSR- would have an economic impact primarily on grain farmers,
on firms and employees in the grain sector,
on certain rail and barge lines, and on
communities in grain producing areas.
Absent offsetting action, it is estimated
that the restrictions on the export of agricultural commodities to the Soviet Union
would reduce 1980 farm income by approximately $3.0 billion.
The Secretary of Agriculture has been
directed to take a number of actions, using
authorities already available under current law, to ensure that the suspension of
exports to the USSR will not fall unfairly
on farmers and on grain marketing systems. To assure that it does not, he has
taken the following actions:
To prevent immediate market congestion
The Department of Agriculture:
* has requested that future trading in
wheat and corn be suspended for the
market days, January 7 and January 8;
* has announced that it will purchase
up to 4 million tons (150 million bushels)
of wheat, including the assumption of the
contractual obligations on up to 3.7 million tons (135 million bushels) that will
not be shipped to the Soviet Union;
* is preparing to assume the contractual
obligation on up to 10.0 million tons (395
million bushels) of corn.
None of these grain purchases will be
resold on the domestic market until it can
be done without adversely affecting
market prices. All contractual assumptions
will be made at prices that will protect
against losses, but will not guarantee
profits.
To fully offset the intermediate term impacts of the suspension of sales to the
USSR
The Department of Agriculture has
taken action to:
* increase the wheat loan price to $2.50
a bushel;
* increase the corn loan price to $2.10
a bushel, with comparable increases in
loan prices for the other feed grains;
* increase the reserve release price to
$3.75 a bushel for wheat-representing
150 percent of the new loan price;
* increase the reserve call price to $4.63
a bushel for wheat-representing 185 percent of the new loan price;
* increase the reserve release price to
$2.63 a bushel for corn-representing 125
percent of the new loan price;
* increase the reserve call price to $3.05
a bushel for corn-representing 145 percent of the new loan;
* make comparable increases in reserve
release and call prices for the other feed
grains;
* waive first-year interest costs for the
next 13 million tons of corn (corn only)
entering the reserve;
* increase reserve storage payments
from 25 to 26/2 cents a bushel for all reserve commodities except oats, which is
increased from 19 to 20 cents a bushel.
To facilitate long-term supply and demand adjustments
The Department of Agriculture is now
evaluating:
* increased commercial grain exports,
and increased food donations under
P.L. 480 where appropriate;
* increased production of fuel alcohols
from grain and other agricultural
commodities;
* acreage diversion programs.
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Jan. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
These steps are intended to offset the
reduction in farm income and, assuming a
suspension through 1980, will limit the
reduction in value of agricultural exports
to approximately $2.0 to $2.25 billion (instead of $3 billion). It is anticipated that
these actions will result in increased budgetary costs of $2.5 to $3.0 billion during
FY 1980 and 1981. Most of the increase
in budget outlays will be associated with
removal of wheat and corn from the market and, therefore, the budget impact will
be lessened when these commodities move
back into the market and loans are repaid or sales proceeds are obtained.
ENFORCEMENT
No unusual problem is anticipated in
enforcing the control on United States
direct sales of agricultural products. With
respect to reexports from third countries
to the USSR, the fungible nature of the
commodities makes it somewhat difficult
to control their ultimate destination. The
Department of Commerce and other agencies will watch this situation closely and
will take enforcement action in case of
violations.
FOREIGN POLICY CONSEQUENCES OF NOT
IMPOSING CONTROLS
If this and other measures which have
immediate and practical effect had not
been imposed, United States reactions to
Soviet aggression would have been limited
largely to words. Vigorous and far-reaching action was required to confirm to the
Soviets that they cannot with impunity
engage in acts of aggression that threaten
the foreign policy and national security
interests of the United States.
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
The text of the letters was released on January 22.
President's Personal
Emissary to India
White House Statement on the Selection of
Clark Clifford. January 22,1980
The President has asked Clark Clifford
to go to India as his personal emissary to
continue with the new Indian Government the dialog we have had with India
over the years. Prime Minister Gandhi
has welcomed this proposal and Mr.
Clifford will meet with her on January 31.
The selection of Mr. Clifford, a senior
adviser and personal friend of the President, underscores the importance that
President Carter attaches to continuing
good relations with India and his concern
with the situation in Southwest Asia.
We expect that the discussions between
Mr. Clifford and Prime Minister Gandhi
and other senior Indian officials will cover
a broad range of international, regional,
and bilateral issues.
Department of Commerce
Nomination of Robert E. Herzstein To Be
Under Secretary for International Trade.
January 22, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Robert E. Herzstein
to be Under Secretary of Commerce for
International Trade, a new position created by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979.
Herzstein is a senior partner with the
Washington law firm of Arnold & Porter.
He was born February 26, 1931, in Denver, Colo. He received an A.B. from Harvard College in 1952 and an LL.B. from
Harvard Law School in 1955.
From 1955 to 1958, Herzstein was Assistant to the General Counsel of the Department of the Army. He has been with
Arnold & Porter since 1958, where his
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 2 2
experience has included dealing with
problems of foreign trade and international business as well as U.S. constitutional litigation and corporate law.
Herzstein is chairman of the American
Bar Association's Committee on International Trade, International Law Section,
and former chairman of its Standing
Committee on Customs Law. He is vice
chairman of the American Society of International Law's Study Panel on International Trade Policy and Institutions
and a member of its Study Panel on Effects of Environmental Regulations on International Trade. He is a trustee of
Georgetown University's Institute for International and Foreign Trade Law.
Herzstein is the author of "The Role of
Law and Lawyers under the New Multilateral Trade Agreements" and various
other professional articles and reviews.
Meeting With Foreign Minister
Hans-Dietrich Genscher of the
Federal Republic of Germany
White House Statement. January 22, 1980
The President met this morning with
Federal Republic of Germany Foreign
Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher. Vice
President Mondale, Secretary of State
Vance, and Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs Zbigniew
Brzezinski participated in the discussion.
The President and the Foreign Minister
reviewed the international situation following the Soviet Union's invasion of
Afghanistan. They analyzed the security
implications of the Soviet action, overwhelmingly condemned by the United
Nations General Assembly, and agreed
that such aggression must not go unanswered. The President and the Foreign
Minister were united in their belief that
the international community must respond to the Soviet action and that comprehensive Western solidarity will be
especially important to counter the danger
posed by the situation in Afghanistan.
They stressed the need for concrete measures to make clear to the Soviet Union
the cost of its action.
The President told the Foreign Minister
he anticipated with pleasure the March
visit of Federal Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt, which will provide another
timely opportunity for close consultations
between the United States and a major
Alliance partner.
Meeting With President Roy
Jenkins of the Commission of
European Communities
White House Statement. January 22, 1980
The President met today with Roy Jenkins, President of the Commission of the
European Communities. They agreed that
the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan must be met with a firm and united
Western response. On Iran, President Jenkins conveyed to the President the European Community's continuing commitment to do everything possible to bring
about an early release of the American
hostages and to continue to condemn
Iran's grave violation of international law
and conduct.
The two leaders also discussed the importance of close U.S.-EC consultation on
trade matters and of reducing Western
dependence on imported oil.
Secretary of State Vance and Dr.
Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs, also participated in the discussion.
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Jan. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
American Heart Month, 1980
Proclamation 4716. January 22, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels
remain our Nation's leading cause of
death and disability and one of our most
serious health problems. Collectively,
cardiovascular diseases affect more than
40 million Americans, visiting partial or
complete disability on several millions of
them and causing nearly 980,000 deaths
each year.
Since 1948, this Nation has been engaged in a concerted effort to acquire new
knowledge about the cardiovascular system and the diseases that afflict it; to disseminate that knowledge to the research
and medical communities and to the general public; and to mobilize resources,
facilities, and research and medical manpower toward the goal of reducing illness,
disability, and premature death from
cardiovascular disorders.
Leading this national effort have been
the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-a federal agency-and the American Heart Association, supported by
private contributions; but it has been a
cooperative endeavor involving the participation of a great many agencies and
groups and enjoying the confidence and
continued support of the American
people.
Widespread application of research and
clinical advances stemming from this effort is having substantial and salutary
effects on cardiovascular disease mortality
rates, which have declined by 34 percent
since 1950. These mortality-rate decreases
extend across the whole spectrum of
cardiovascular diseases and, in most categories, have accelerated during recent
years.
Since 1968, for example, the mortality
rate for coronary heart disease has declined by 26 percent and that for stroke
by 37 percent. These reductions represent
more than three hundred thousand lives
saved each year, because these two disorders account for nearly 84 percent of all
cardiovascular disease deaths.
Recognizing the need for all Americans
to help in the continuing battle against
cardiovascular disease, the Congress, by
joint resolution approved December 30,
1963 (77 Stat. 843; 26 U.S.C. 169b) has
requested the President to issue annually
a proclamation designating February as
American Heart Month.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim the month of February, 1980, as American Heart Month. I
invite the Governors of the States, the appropriate officials of all other areas subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States and the American people to join
with me in reaffirming our commitment
to the search for new ways to prevent,
detect and control cardiovascular disease
in all its forms.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-second day
of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:45 a.m., January 23, 1980]
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 23
United States Ambassador to
El Salvador
Nomination of Robert E. White.
January 22, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Robert E. White, of Melrose, Mass., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United
States to El Salvador. He would replace
Frank J. Devine, resigned. White has been
U.S. Ambassador to Paraguay since 1977.
He was born September 21, 1926, in
Stoneham, Mass. He received an A.B.
from St. Michael's College in 1952 and
an M.A. from Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy in 1954. He served in the
U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946.
White joined the Foreign Service in
1955 and served at the State Department
and in Hong Kong, Ottawa, and Guayaquil. From 1965 to 1968, he was chief of
the political section in Tegucigalpa, and
from 1968 to 1970, he was detailed to the
Peace Corps as Deputy Regional Director, then Regional Director, for Latin
America.
From 1970 to 1972, White was Deputy
Chief of Mission in Managua, and from
1972 to 1975, he was Deputy Chief of
Mission in Bogota. From 1975 to 1977, he
was Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the Organization of American
States.
United States Ambassador to
Austria
Nomination of Philip M. Kaiser.
January 23, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Philip M. Kaiser, of New
York City, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United
States to Austria. He would replace Milton A. Wolf, resigned. Kaiser has been
Ambassador to Hungary since 1977.
He was born July 12, 1913, in Brooklyn,
N.Y. He received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1935 and a B.A. and
M.A. from Balliol College, Oxford University, in 1939.
From 1939 to 1942, Kaiser was an economist with the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System, and from
1942 to 1944, he was chief of the project
operations staff of the Board of Economic Warfare. From 1944 to 1946, he
was chief of the planning staff at the
Foreign Economic Administration, and in
1946 he also served as executive assistant to the Assistant Secretary of Labor
for International Affairs.
Kaiser was Director of the Labor Department's Office of International Affairs
from 1947 to 1949 and Assistant Secretary
for International Affairs from 1949 to
1953. In 1954 he was an adviser to the
Free Europe Committee, and from 1955
to 1958, he was special assistant to the
Governor of New York.
From 1958 to 1961, Kaiser was a professor of international relations at American University. He was Ambassador to
the Republic of Senegal and the Islamic
Republic of Mauritania from 1961 to
1964. From 1964 to 1969, he was Minister
and Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in London.
From 1969 to 1975, Kaiser was chairman and managing director of Encyclopaedia Britannica International Ltd.
From 1975 to 1977, he was director of
Guinness Mahon Holdings Ltd. of London, England.
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Jan. 23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Department of Housing and
Urban DevelopmentNomination of Horace Dicken Cherry To Be
an Assistant Secretary. January 23, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Horace Dicken Cherry, of
Forest Heights, Md., to be an Assistant
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He would replace William B.
Welsh, resigned.
Cherry has been director of the National Center for Municipal Development
since 1969 and also represents New Orleans, Birmingham, and Columbia, S.C.,
as their liaison with Congress and Federal agencies.
He was born March 22, 1928, in Dallas,
Tex. He received a B.A. from Wabash
College in 1949 and an M.A. from the
University of Chicago in 1952.
From 1955 to 1965, Cherry was an
assistant professor of educatio at Baylor
University, and from 1958 to 1963, he was
also director of the Center for Foreign
Service Studies at Baylor. From 1962 to
1967, he was a Texas State representative.
From 1965 to 1967, Cherry was administrative assistant to Senator Ralph Yarborough. From 1967 to 1969, he was a
congressional service officer in the Office
of the Assistant Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development for Model Cities and
Governmental Relations.
President's Committee on
Mental Retardation
Appointment of Seven Members.
January 23, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of seven persons as members of
the President's Committee on Mental Re
tardation for terms expiring May 11,
1982. They are:
Harvey A. Abrams, an associate professor at Barry College School of Social
Work in Miami, Fla., where he teaches
courses in administration and organization of human services. He is a former
rehabilitation planner and is a member of
the Dade-Munroe District Mental Health
Board.
Janet Allen-Spilka, executive assistant
to the mayor of Utica, N.Y., where her
duties include serving as liaison with the
mental health and handicapped community. She is a founder of Parent Advocates
for the Retarded, Inc., an agency working to procure services and benefits for
the mentally retarded.
G. Thomas Bellamy, director of the
specialized training program and research coordinator for the Center on Human Development at the University of
Oregon at Eugene. He has been a teacher
of retarded students and project director
for several research grants studying the
training of severely retarded persons.
Marlene Kopman, a board member and
former president of the St. Louis (Mo.)
Association for Retarded Children and
first vice president of The Friends of the
Retarded. She is a founder and vice president of the West County Sheltered Workshop.
Guy M. McKhann, Kennedy professor
of neurology and neurologist in chief at
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is on the advisory boards of the
United Cerebral Palsy Research and Education Foundation and the Multiple
Sclerosis Society.
Alba A. Ortiz, an assistant professor
and director of bilingual Chicano studies
at Southern Methodist University in
Dallas. She is a former special education
coordinator for Head Start programs and
has served as a consultant on handicapped
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Jan. 23
children and other educational matters
to numerous groups.
Edward Zigler, a professor of psychology and head of the psychology section
of the Child Study Center at Yale University. He is a former Director of HEW's
Office of Child Development and Chief
of the Children's Bureau.
Red Cross Month, 1980
Proclamation 4717. January 23, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
For nearly a century now, the American
Red Cross has been an expression of the
brotherhood of man. Its humanitarian
efforts transcend not only geographical
boundaries but also those of political
ideology. This past year our Red Cross
could be found at work among the hundreds of thousands of Cambodians who
sought refuge from hunger and disease in
Thai refugee camps. Similarly, it provided aid, through the International Red
Cross, to the civilian population of strifetorn Nicaragua and it brought assistance
to the "boat people" of Southeast Asia.
Here at home, the Red Cross mobilized
a vast relief program along the Gulf Coast
to help the thousands of our fellow citizens
whose homes were destroyed or damaged
by a series of hurricanes. In so doing it
strained its financial resources, expending
in a three-month period a budget meant
to last for a year.
In addition to easing the suffering of
disaster victims, the Red Cross provides
more than one-half of our need for blood;
teaches us first aid, water safety, and
proper care of the ill and injured; and
comes to the aid of the men and women in
our armed forces and of veterans and their
families.
The month of March is traditionally
observed as Red Cross Month. It is a time
to honor those who make this precious
humanitarian work possible: the Red
Cross volunteer, our neighbor.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America
and Honorary Chairman of the American
National Red Cross, do hereby designate
March 1980 as Red Cross Month. I urge
all Americans to "Help Keep Red Cross
Ready" by giving generous support to
their local Red Cross Chapter.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-third day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred eighty, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:08 p.m., January 23, 1980]
Red Cross Month, 1980
Memorandum From the President.
January 23, 1980
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive
Departments and Agencies
I have just signed a Presidential Proclamation designating the Month of
March as Red Cross Month.
This act carries with it a certain urgent
significance this year. Our American Red
Cross is in dire financial need because
of vast sums expended for disaster relief
during a three-month period last summer. We depend upon the Red Cross not
only to help us in time of disaster but
also to collect and distribute blood, to as
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sist members of our armed forces as well
as veterans and their families, to instruct
us and our families in first aid and water
safety, and to provide a vast array of
community health services.
We in the federal employ can be of
great assistance to the Red Cross by providing it with financial support, by volunteering our free time as volunteers, and
by donating blood for the ill and injured.
Although the Red Cross is part of the
Combined Federal Campaign within the
Federal Government, approximately half
of its 3,000 chapters raise all their funds
in March. Additionally, all chapters use
this period to inform the public of available Red Cross services and to recruit new
volunteers and blood donors.
As President of the United States and
Honorary Chairman of the American Red
Cross, I urge all members of the Federal
establishment and members of the Armed
Forces to support this vital voluntary organization.
JIMMY CARTER
to persecute this great man. What has
he done in the past few months that is
in any way different from what he was
doing for the past 20 years? Why the need
to silence him now? Is it because of the
invasion and occupation of Afghanistan?
Just as we have welcomed Solzhenitsyn,
Brodsky, Rostropovich, and thousands of
others who have fled Soviet oppression, so
we would welcome Dr. Sakharov. It is
part of our proud and sacred heritage.
The arrest of Dr. Sakharov is a scar
on their system that the Soviet leaders
cannot erase by hurling abuse at him and
seeking to mask the truth. His voice may
be silenced in exile, but the truths he has
spoken serve as a monument to his courage and an inspiration to man's enduring
quest for dignity and freedom.
The State of the Union
Address Delivered Before a Joint Session of
the Congress. January 23, 1980
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, Members of
the 96th Congress, fellow citizens:
This last few months has not been an
easy time for any of us. As we meet tonight, it has never been more clear that
the state of our Union depends on the
state of the world. And tonight, as
throughout our own generation, freedom
and peace in the world depend on the
state of our Union.
The 1980's have been born in turmoil,
strife, and change. This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and
it's a time that tests our wisdom and our
skills.
At this time in Iran, 50 Americans are
still held captive, innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy. Also at this moment,
massive Soviet troops are attempting to
Nobel Laureate
Andrei Sakharov
White House Statement.
January 23, 1980
The decision by Soviet authorities to
deprive Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov
of his honors and to send him into exile
arouses worldwide indignation. This
denial of basic freedoms is a direct violation of the Helsinki Accords and a blow
to the aspirations of all mankind to establish respect for human rights. The
American people join with free men and
women everywhere in condemning this
act.
We must, at the same time, ask why
the Soviet Union has chosen this moment
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Jan. 23
subjugate the fiercely independent and
deeply religious people of Afghanistan.
These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggressionpresent a serious challenge to the United
States of America and indeed to all the
nations of the world. Together, we will
meet these threats to peace.
I'm determined that the United States
will remain the strongest of all nations,
but our power will never be used to initiate
a threat to the security of any nation or
to the rights of any human being. We seek
to be and to remain secure-a nation at
peace in a stable world. But to be secure
we must face the world as it is.
Three basic developments have helped
to shape our challenges: the steady growth
and increased projection of Soviet military power beyond its own borders; the
overwhelming dependence of the Western democracies on oil supplies from the
Middle East; and the press of social and
religious and economic and political
change in the many nations of the developing world, exemplified by the revolution in Iran.
Each of these factors is important in its
own right. Each interacts with the others.
All must be faced together, squarely and
courageously. We will face these challenges, and we will meet them with the
best that is in us. And we will not fail.
In response to the abhorrent act in
Iran, our Nation has never been aroused
and unified so greatly in peacetime. Our
position is clear. The United States will
not yield to blackmail.
We continue to pursue these specific
goals: first, to protect the present and
long-range interests of the United States;
secondly, to preserve the lives of the American hostages and to secure, as quickly as
possible, their safe release, if possible, to
avoid bloodshed which might further endanger the lives of our fellow citizens; to
enlist the help of other nations in condemning this act of violence, which is
shocking and violates the moral and the
legal standards of a civilized world; and
also to convince and to persuade the Iranian leaders that the real danger to their
nation lies in the north, in the Soviet
Union and from the Soviet troops now in
Afghanistan, and that the unwarranted
Iranian quarrel with the United States
hampers their response to this far greater
danger to them.
If the American hostages are harmed, a
severe price will be paid. We will never
rest until every one of the American hostages are released.
But now we face a broader and more
fundamental challenge in this region because of the recent military action of the
Soviet Union.
Now, as during the last 3 2 decades, the
relationship between our country, the
United States of America, and the Soviet
Union is the most critical factor in determining whether the world will live at
peace or be engulfed in global conflict.
Since the end of the Second World
War, America has led other nations in
meeting the challenge of mounting Soviet
power. This has not been a simple or a
static relationship. Between us there has
been cooperation, there has been competition, and at times there has been confrontation.
In the 1940's we took the lead in creating the Atlantic Alliance in response to
the Soviet Union's suppression and then
consolidation of its East European empire
and the resulting threat of the Warsaw
Pact to Western Europe.
In the 1950's we helped to contain further Soviet challenges in Korea and in
the Middle East, and we rearmed to assure the continuation of that containment.
In the 1960's we met the Soviet challenges in Berlin, and we faced the Cuban
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
missile crisis. And we sought to engage the
Soviet Union in the important task of
moving beyond the cold war and away
from confrontation.
And in the 1970's three American Presidents negotiated with the Soviet leaders
in attempts to halt the growth of the nuclear arms race. We sought to establish
rules of behavior that would reduce the
risks of conflict, and we searched for areas
of cooperation that could make our relations reciprocal and productive, not only
for the sake of our two nations but for
the security and peace of the entire world.
In all these actions, we have maintained
two commitments: to be ready to meet
any challenge by Soviet military power,
and to develop ways to resolve disputes
and to keep the peace.
Preventing nuclear war is the foremost
responsibility of the two superpowers.
That's why we've negotiated the strategic
arms limitation treaties-SALT I and
SALT II. Especially now, in a time of
great tension, observing the mutual constraints imposed by the terms of these
treaties will be in the best interest of both
countries and will help to preserve world
peace. I will consult very closely with the
Congress on this matter as we strive to
control nuclear weapons. That effort to
control nuclear weapons will not be
abandoned.
We superpowers also have the responsibility to exercise restraint in the use of
our great military force. The integrity and
the independence of weaker nations must
not be threatened. They must know that
in our presence they are secure.
But now the Soviet Union has taken a
radical and an aggressive new step. It's
using its great military power against a
relatively defenseless nation. The implications of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
could pose the most serious threat to the
peace since the Second World War.
The vast majority of nations on Earth
have condemned this latest Soviet attempt
to extend its colonial domination of others
and have demanded the immediate withdrawal of Soviet troops. The Moslem
world is especially and justifiably outraged by this aggression against an
Islamic people. No action of a world
power has ever been so quickly and so
overwhelmingly condemned. But verbal
condemnation is not enough. The Soviet
Union must pay a concrete price for their
aggression.
While this invasion continues, we and
the other nations of the world cannot conduct business as usual with the Soviet
Union. That's why the United States has
imposed stiff economic penalties on the
Soviet Union. I will not issue any permits
for Soviet ships to fish in the coastal
waters of the United States. I've cut
Soviet access to high-technology equipment and to agricultural products. I've
limited other commerce with the Soviet
Union, and I've asked our allies and
friends to join with us in restraining their
own trade with the Soviets and not to replace our own embargoed items. And I
have notified the Olympic Committee
that with Soviet invading forces in Afghanistan, neither the American people
nor I will support sending an Olympic
team to Moscow#.
The Soviet Union is going to have to
answer some basic questions: Will it help
promote a more stable international environment in which its own legitimate,
peaceful concerns can be pursued? Or will
it continue to expand its military power
far beyond its genuine security needs, and
use that power for colonial conquest? The
Soviet Union must realize that its decision to use military force in Afghanistan
will be costly to every political and
economic relationship it values.
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The region which is now threatened
by Soviet troops in Afghanistan is of great
strategic importance: It contains more
than two-thirds of the world's exportable
oil. The Soviet effort to dominate Afghanistan has brought Soviet military forces to
within 300 miles of the Indian Ocean and
close to the Straits of Hormuz, a waterway
through which most of the world's oil
must flow. The Soviet Union is now attempting to consolidate a strategic position, therefore., that poses a grave threat
to the free movement of Middle East oil.
This situation demands careful thought,
steady nerves, and resolute action, not only
for this year but for many years to come.
It demands collective efforts to meet this
new threat to security in the Persian Gulf
and in Southwest Asia. It demands the
participation of all those who rely on oil
from the Middle East and who are concerned with global peace and stability.
And it demands consultation and close
cooperation with countries in the area
which might be threatened.
Meeting this challenge will take national will, diplomatic and political wisdom., economic sacrifice, and, of course,
military capability. We must call on the
best that is in us to preserve the security
of this crucial region.
Let our position be absolutely clear: An
attempt by any outside force to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be
regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and
such an assault will be repelled by any
means necessary, including military force.
During the past 3 years, you have
joined with me to improve our own security and the prospects for peace, not only
in the vital oil-producing area of the
Persian Gulf region but around the world.
We've increased annually our real commitment for defense, and we will sustain
this increase of effort throughout the Five
Year Defense Program. It's imperative
that Congress approve this strong defense
budget for 1981, encompassing a 5 -percent real growth in authorizations,
without any reduction.
We are also improving our capability
to deploy U.S. military forces rapidly to
distant areas. We've helped to strengthen
NATO and our other alliances, and recently we and other NATO members have
decided to develop and to deploy modernized, intermediate-range nuclear forces
to meet an unwarranted and increased
threat from the nuclear weapons of the
Soviet Union.
We are working with our allies to
prevent conflict in the Middle East. The
peace treaty between Egypt and Israel is
a notable achievement which represents a
strategic asset for America and which also
enhances prospects for regional and world
peace. We are now engaged in further
negotiations to provide full autonomy for
the people of the West Bank and Gaza, to
resolve the Palestinian issue in all its
aspects, and to preserve the peace and
security of Israel. Let no one doubt our
commitment to the security of Israel. In a
few days we will observe an historic event
when Israel makes another major withdrawal from the Sinai and when Ambassadors will be exchanged between Israel
and Egypt.
We've also expanded our own sphere
of friendship. Our deep commitment to
human rights and to meeting human needs
has improved our relationship with much
of the Third World. Our decision to normalize relations with the People's Republic of China will help to preserve peace
and stability in Asia and in the Western
Pacific.
We've increased and strengthened our
naval presence in the Indian Ocean, and
we are now making arrangements for key
naval and air facilities to be used by our
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forces in the region of northeast Africa
and the Persian Gulf.
We've reconfirmed our 1959 agreement to help Pakistan preserve its independence and its integrity. The United
States will take action consistent with our
own laws to assist Pakistan in resisting any
outside aggression. And I'm asking the
Congress specifically to reaffirm this
agreement. I'm also working, along with
the leaders of other nations, to provide additional military and economic aid for
Pakistan. That request will come to you in
just a few days.
In the weeks ahead, we will further
strengthen political and military ties with
other nations in the region. We believe
that there are no irreconcilable differences
between us and any Islamic nation. We
respect the faith of Islam, and we are
ready to cooperate with all Moslem
countries.
Finally, we are prepared to work with
other countries in the region to share a
cooperative security framework that respects differing values and political beliefs, yet which enhances the independence, security, and prosperity of all.
All these efforts combined emphasize
our dedication to defend and preserve the
vital interests of the region and of the nation which we represent and those of our
allies-in Europe and the Pacific, and also
in the parts of the world which have such
great strategic importance to us, stretching especially through the Middle East
and Southwest Asia. With your help, I
will pursue these efforts with vigor and
with determination. You and I will act as
necessary to protect and to preserve our
Nation's security.
The men and women of America's
Armed Forces are on duty tonight in many
parts of the world. I'm proud of the job
they are doing, and I know you share that
pride. I believe that our volunteer forces
are adequate for current defense needs,
and I hope that it will not become necessary to impose a draft. However, we must
be prepared for that possibility. For this
reason, I have determined that the Selective Service System must now be revitalized. I will send legislation and budget
proposals to the Congress next month so
that we can begin registration and then
meet future mobilization needs rapidly if
they arise.
We also need clear and quick passage
of a new charter to define the legal authority and accountability of our intelligence
agencies. We will guarantee that abuses do
not recur, but we must tighten our controls on sensitive intelligence information,
and we need to remove unwarranted restraints on America's ability to collect
intelligence.
The decade ahead will be a time of
rapid change, as nations everywhere seek
to deal with new problems and age-old
tensions. But America need have no fear.
We can thrive in a world of change if we
remain true to our values and actively
engaged in promoting world peace. We
will continue to work as we have for peace
in the Middle East and southern Africa.
We will continue to build our ties with
developing nations, respecting and helping to strengthen their national independence which they have struggled so hard to
achieve. And we will continue to support
the growth of democracy and the protection of human rights.
In repressive regimes, popular frustrations often have no outlet except through
violence. But when peoples and their governments can approach their problems together through open, democratic methods,
the basis for stability and peace is far more
solid and far more enduring. That is why
our support for human rights in other
countries is in our own national interest
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as well as part of our own national
character.
Peace-a peace that preserves freedom-remains America's first goal. In
the coming years, as a mighty nation we
will continue to pursue peace. But to be
strong abroad we must be strong at home.
And in order to be strong, we must continue to face up to the difficult issues that
confront us as a nation today.
The crises in Iran and Afghanistan have
dramatized a very important lesson: Our
excessive dependence on foreign oil is a
clear and present danger to our Nation's
security. The need has never been more
urgent. At long last, we must have a
clear, comprehensive energy policy for the
United States.
As you well know, I have been working
with the Congress in a concentrated and
persistent way over the past 3 years to
meet this need. We have made progress
together. But Congress must act promptly
now to complete final action on this vital
energy legislation. Our Nation will then
have a major conservation effort, important initiatives to develop solar power,
realistic pricing based on the true value
of oil, strong incentives for the production of coal and other fossil fuels in the
United States, and our Nation's most
massive peacetime investment in the development of synthetic fuels.
The American people are making progress in energy conservation. Last year we
reduced overall petroleum consumption
by 8 percent and gasoline consumption by
5 percent below what it was the year
before. Now we must do more.
After consultation with the Governors,
we will set gasoline conservation goals for
each of the 50 States, and I will make
them mandatory if these goals are not
met.
I've established an import ceiling for
1980 of 8.2 million barrels a day-well
below the level of foreign oil purchases in
1977. I expect our imports to be much
lower than this, but the ceiling will be enforced by an oil import fee if necessary.
I'm prepared to lower these imports still
further if the other oil-consuming countries will join us in a fair and mutual reduction. If we have a serious shortage,
I will not hesitate to impose mandatory
gasoline rationing immediately.
The single biggest factor in the inflation
rate last year, the increase in the inflation rate last year, was from one cause:
the skyrocketing prices of OPEC oil. We
must take whatever actions are necessary
to reduce our dependence on foreign oiland at the same time reduce inflation.
As individuals and as families, few of
us can produce energy by ourselves. But
all of us can conserve energy-every one
of us, every day of our lives. Tonight I
call on you-in fact, all the people of
America-to help our Nation. Conserve
energy. Eliminate waste. Make 1980 indeed a year of energy conservation.
Of course, we must take other actions
to strengthen our Nation's economy.
First, we will continue to reduce the
deficit and then to balance the Federal
budget.
Second, as we continue to work with
business to hold down prices, we'll build
also on the historic national accord with
organized labor to restrain pay increases
in a fair fight against inflation.
Third, we will continue our successful
efforts to cut paperwork and to dismantle
unnecessary Government regulation.
Fourth, we will continue our progress
in providing jobs for America, concentrating on a major new program to provide training and work for our young
people, especially minority youth. It has
been said that "a mind is a terrible thing
to waste." We will give our young people
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new hope for jobs and a better life in the
1980's.
And fifth, we must use the decade of
the 1980's to attack the basic structural
weaknesses and problems in our economy
through measures to increase productivity, savings, and investment.
With these energy and economic policies, we will make America even stronger
at home in this decade-just as our foreign and defense policies will make us
stronger and safer throughout the world.
We will never abandon our struggle for
a just and a decent society here at home.
That's the heart of America-and it's the
source of our ability to inspire other people to defend their own rights abroad.
Our material resources, great as they
are, are limited. Our problems are too
complex for simple slogans or for quick
solutions. We cannot solve them without
effort and sacrifice. Walter Lippmann
once reminded us, "You took the good
things for granted. Now you must earn
them again. For every right that you
cherish, you have a duty which you must
fulfill. For every good which you wish to
preserve, you will have to sacrifice your
comfort and your ease. There is nothing
for nothing any longer."
Our challenges are formidable. But
there's a new spirit of unity and resolve in
our country. We move into the 1980's with
confidence and hope and a bright vision
of the America we want: an America
strong and free, an America at peace, an
America with equal rights for all citizens-and for women, guaranteed in the
United States Constitution-an America
with jobs and good health and good education for every citizen, an America with
a clean and bountiful life in our cities and
on our farms, an America that helps to
feed the world, an America secure in filling its own energy needs, an America of
justice, tolerance, and compassion. For
this vision to come true, we must sacrifice,
but this national commitment will be an
exciting enterprise that will unify our
people.
Together as one people, let us work to
build our strength at home, and together
as one indivisible union, let us seek peace
and security throughout the world.
Together let us make of this time of
challenge and danger a decade of national
resolve and of brave achievement.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9 p.m. in the
House Chamber at the Capitol. He was introduced by Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker
of the House of Representatives. The address
was broadcast live on radio and television.
Visit of Prime Minister Francesco
Cossiga of Italy
Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony.
January 24, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. On this beautiful day
it is a great honor for me, representing the
United States of America and its 220 million people, to welcome to our country
Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga, Prime
Minister of the Republic of Italy.
There is no need for me to remind
Americans about the close and long and
historical friendship and the alliances
which bind our people together, not only
military alliance, which has permitted us
to share with one another the responsibility for the maintenance of peace, but
also close political consultation and mutual support, cultural exchanges, rapidly
increasing levels of trade, and the enormous kinship, blood kinship, which binds
more than 7 million Americans to their
ancestors and to their present families in
Italy.
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Jan. 24
These are indeed difficult and sobering
days. Days of internal and international
terrorism which have blighted the peaceful inclinations of individual human beings. These are also days of international
aggression which has caused a threat to
the basic application of international diplomacy to the maintenance of peace.
These two threats to peace test the courage of all free people, but that courage
has never been found lacking. To threaten
basic human rights with terrorism, and to
threaten the rule of law with terrorism
and with international violence is indeed
a pressure for friends to stand together.
We have with us today a leader who is
well qualified to head a great nation's
government. He's a professor of constitutional law. He's been a member of the
Italian Parliament for, I believe, 22 years.
He's highly qualified to help me and other
leaders and the people of Italy meet the
challenges of the shortages of energy, of
inflation, of unemployment, and other domestic matters which come before him to
judge and problems which come before
him to solve. His leadership has been recognized during his relatively short time as
Prime Minister in pulling together the
disparate political groups in Italy, and he
now serves as President of the European
Community. We're very delighted to have
him with us.
Later this year in June, I will be going
to Italy on an official state visit and also
to benefit and to derive pleasure from the
hosting of a meeting of the economic summit conference in Venice, which will be
attended by the seven leaders of the great
Western democracies.
We do have a great opportunity which
has now been pursued for the last 3 years
of forging our so-called strategy of cooperation between Italy and the United
States: research and the use of solar
power, increased use of coal, increased
trade, enhancement of investments, the
stamping out of the traffic in illicit drugs
which originates in Southwest Asia, the
exchange of students, the exchange of
young leaders of business and commerce,
education and politics, and we've even
initiated an exchange of the learning of
Italian in our own country and English in
Italy.
This is, indeed, a time to recognize that
the peace and the prosperity of Europe is
dependent upon the peace and prosperity
of the United States. And we recognize
even more vividly that our own peace and
prosperity depends upon the quality of
life hammered out for the nations in
Europe under the leadership of Prime
Minister Cossiga.
There is a Sardinian expression that I
will try to give in Italian. Su veru amigu si
connoschet in sas adversidades, which
means, "One comes to know a true friend
in times of adversity." And I'm very grateful this morning to welcome a true friend
of the United States, Prime Minister
Cossiga, representing the great Republic
of Italy.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President,
I thank you for the warm expressions of
friendship towards my country with which
you have so kindly welcomed me on the
occasion of my visit to the United States
as President of the Council of Ministers of
the Italian Republic. I know that I come
at a moment in which the American
Nation is in anguish for the fate of a group
of its children, feeling indignation for the
violation of the norms of civil conduct
perpetrated against them. I bring to you,
Mr. President, the confirmation of the full
and operative solidarity of the Italian
Government, also on behalf of the Italian
President, to put an end to the outrage,
so as to reestablish norms.
The international situation is at the
moment fraught with problems and dan
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ger for peaceful coexistence of nations and
for detente. And thus a direct and personal consultation between leaders of nations sharing the same ideals and values
of liberty, justice, and democracy, which
is ever experienced between two governments united by close ties, is all the more
necessary today.
We cannot renounce these values. We
consider their defense as essential. The
truths they safeguard are to us essential
and expedient, and the policies depending
on them are also essential in our mind.
These values thus lie at the heart of our
close and constructive friendship with the
United States of America, and of our
staunch and determined participation in
the development of the European Community, that is to say, the two institutional
cornerstones of Italy's foreign policy.
The friendship between our two countries unfolds in a wide range of relations,
founded upon what are now firmly established historical, religious, cultural, social,
economic, and commercial precedents.
Moreover, an interaction of customs and
behavior shows a vast range of psychological uniformity. This finds its natural expression in the Atlantic Alliance, which
unites free nations in defense of peace and
freedom, and represents the surest bastion
of security that all the Western world
wants to belong to, by virtue of the inclination of a natural orientation of our
peoples towards liberty, independence,
democratic and representative self-government, even more than by a political
stance of governments.
The United States, Italy, and the other
member nations that have created and
want this Alliance, because this Alliance
stems from their culture and civilization,
for the peace of their peoples, for peace in
Europe and throughout the world. And
the ideals of peace, which are the ideals of
an orderly and just progress of tolerance,
of productive exchange between different
systems, and of the development of the
international community, are and remain
the ideals of our peoples.
In historical reality and its ideal foundations, security is both an unwavering
premise and also the fruit of peace. Therefore, to work for peace is to work for security, and to work for security is to work for
peace. This is the background for our
political relations, and this is the context
for our exchanges of views, which will not
only deal with bilateral relations but
which will involve an examination of the
widest possible scope, in order to make a
responsible contribution to the solution of
the greater problems faced by the international community; in the interest of
peace and security, which only the essential balance of forces enables us to maintain; in anticipation of a moral growth
of the world, which enables the most favorable basis to be found for peace and
security.
Italy, which at present is carrying out
the presidency of the European Community, is committed to achieve the great
objective of unity of the old continent, in
the conviction that at a time such as this
Europe must play its political role, a role
to which it is bound by its technological
and economic capacities; by its traditions
of civilization and culture; by its sincere
dedication to peace and equilibrium; and
by its intellectual and moral capacities.
And likewise, in the conviction that Europe must play this role in relations of
solidarity, in collaboration with the United States, in a climate of mutual confidence and trust: a Europe which by its
history and its culture can be a valuable
point of reference for other European
peoples; a Europe which is open to friendship towards all peoples; a Europe which
by virtue also of its geographical position
can and must be an important element
of the necessary dialog and expedient collaboration with the countries of the Mid
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 24
die East and Africa, and, through its ancient cultural and historical bond, with the
countries of Latin America.
And now, Mr. President, please allow
me to extend a fraternal greeting and an
affectionate word to all Americans of
Italian origin. They represent, by their
numbers and their participation in all
fields of American life, an important section of the people of this great country,
and constitute a visible element of the
indestructable basis of our friendship. We
are proud of the contribution that the
men, women, and young people coming
from Italy, and their descendants, have
made to the progress, prestige, and prosperity of your country. And we are also
determined to show to them that Italy is
able to overcome the difficult and delicate
problems of the present time, and to continue to make a permanent contribution
in thought and deed to the development
of the world civilization.
And now, Mr. President, when, in your
very kind and friendly words you expressed an old saying of my region, which
has been one of the first regions to fight
for unification and independence of Italy;
when you spoke in the Sardinian language
and you said that you know friends in difficult moments-well, I'm here to confirm this. And on behalf of the President
of the Italian Republic, on behalf of my
government, on behalf of the whole of the
Italian people, and on my own personal
behalf, I wish to extend to you, Mr. President, to Mrs. Carter, to your family, and
to all of the American people, the warmest and most cordial greeting.
NOTE: The President spoke at 10:09 a.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House. Prime
Minister Cossiga spoke in Italian, and his remarks were translated by an interpreter.
Following the ceremony, the President and
the Prime Minister held meetings in the Oval
Office and the Cabinet Room at the White
House.
Department of Education
Nomination of John B. Gabusi To Be
Assistant Secretary for Management.
January 24, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate John B. Gabusi, of Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of
Education for Management, a new position. Gabusi has been Assistant Director
for Management of the Community Services Administration since 1977.
He was born February 3, 1941, in
Florence, Ariz. He received a B.A. from
the University of Arizona in 1967.
From 1966 to 1968, Gabusi was director of the Tucson, Ariz., Office of Survey
Research Associates, a marketing/survey/
research company. From 1969 to 1977, he
was special assistant to Congressman
Morris K. Udall. From 1969 to 1972, he
also served as staff director of the Subcommittee on the Postal Service. He was on
leave from the congressional staff in 1975
and 1976 to serve as national campaign
director of the Udall Presidential campaign. From December 1975 to March
1976, he was director of field operations
for Energy Action, and in July 1976 he
returned to the congressional staff as special assistant.
Department of Education
Nomination of Elizabeth S. Carpenter To Be
Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs.
January 24, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Elizabeth S. Carpenter, of
Austin, Tex., to be Assistant Secretary of
Education for Public Affairs, a new
position. Carpenter is director of ERAAmerica and is currently working at the
Education Department on a consultant
basis.
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Jan. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
She was born September 1, 1920, in
Salado, Tex. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of
Texas in 1942.
From 1944 to 1945, Carpenter was a
reporter for United Press in Philadelphia.
From 1945 to 1961, she was an owner and
writer for Carpenter News Service, a
Washington news bureau representing national newspapers.
Carpenter was executive assistant to
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson from
1961 to 1963 and staff director and press
secretary to Mrs. Johnson from 1963 to
1969. From 1972 to 1975, she was vice
president of Hill & Knowlton public relations. From 1976 to 1979, she was a consultant to the Lyndon B. Johnson
Foundation.
Carpenter is a member of the national
board of the National Women's Political
Caucus and a former president of the
Women's National Press Association.
Department of Education
Nomination of Carl William Fischer To Be
Assistant Secretary for Budget and Planning.
January 24, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Carl William Fischer, of
College Park, Md., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Budget and Planning, a new position. Fischer has been
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy for
Planning and Evaluation since 1979.
He was born August 4, 1931, in Pittsburg, Pa. He received a B.A. from Muskingum College in 1953 and an M.P.A.
from Harvard University in 1964.
Fischer was with the Office of Management and Budget and its predecessor
agency, the Bureau of the Budget, from
1957 to 1975. He served as Deputy Chief
of Legislative Reference, Program and
Budget Analyst, Assistant Chief of the
International Division, Deputy Assistant
Director for Legislative Reference, and
finally Deputy Associate Director for
Human Resources.
From 1975 to 1977, Fischer was Associate Director for Human Resources
and Community Development at the Congressional Budget Office. In 1977 he
served as Associate Administrator for
Policy and Programs at the Federal
Energy Administration, and in 1977 and
1978 he was Deputy Administrator of the
Energy Information Administration at the
Energy Department.
Fischer was a member of the U.S. delegation to the 1969 NATO Conference on
Planning, Programming and Budgeting,
and was a senior member of the Department of Energy Activation Task Force in
1977.
Committee on Disarmament
Nomination of Charles C. Flowerree for the
Rank of Ambassador, While Serving as U.S.
Representative. January 24, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Charles C. Flowerree, of
Arlington, Va., for the rank of Ambassador while he serves as U.S. Representative to the Committee on Disarmament,
replacing Adrian S. Fisher.
Flowerree was appointed to this position earlier this year. He was previously
Chief of the International Relations Division at the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA).
He was born April 20, 1921, in Baltimore, Md. He received a B.S. from the
United States Naval Academy in 1943
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 24
and served in the U.S. Navy from 1943 to
1958.
Flowerree joined the Foreign Service in
1958 and served in Saigon, Kinshasa, London, and at the State Department. From
1974 to 1975, he was Deputy Director of
the Office of Disarmament and Arms
Control at the State Department, and
from 1975 to 1976, he was Director of the
Office of International Security Policy.
From 1976 to 1977, Flowerree was
Special Assistant to the Director of the
Bureau of Political-Military Affairs at
State. From 1977 to 1979, he was Chief
of the International Relations Division at
ACDA.
The Cyprus Conflict
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. January 24, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:)
In accordance with the provisions of
Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the
following report on progress made during
the past 60 days toward the conclusion of
a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem, plus a copy of Secretary General
Waldheim's comprehensive report to the
Security Council on the United Nations
operation in Cyprus for the period of
June 1 through November 30, 1979.
Since my last report on Cyprus, dated
November 21, 1979, the intercommunal
talks have regrettably remained recessed.
Now that the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council have concluded their periodic reviews of the
Cyprus question, I am hopeful that all
parties will again focus their primary
attention on resuming the intercommunal
negotiations. Secretary General Waldheim, in his December 1, 1979, report on
Cyprus, undertook to pursue his efforts to
reconvene the talks as early as possible
in the new year. I am encouraged to note
that the Secretary General's representatives on Cyprus have begun consultations
with both parties in an attempt to find
common ground upon which the negotiations might resume. The United States
will continue to support fully the Secretary General and his staff in their efforts
to achieve an early resumption of serious
negotiations.
On December 14, 1979, the Security
Council unanimously passed a resolution
extending the mandate on the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) to
June 15, 1980. I am pleased that the other
members of the Security Council share
our view that UNFICYP is essential to
the maintenance of a calm atmosphere
conducive to the reconvening of the intercommunal talks.
The Cyprus dispute has been on the international agenda for decades. The historical complexity of this issue indicates
that perseverance, patience, and political
courage are required on both sides if a
just and lasting settlement is to be
achieved. We are committed to the vigorous pursuit of all promising avenues that
might lead to that settlement, and will
continue to consult closely with all parties
to the Cyprus dispute, the United Nations,
our European allies, and other nations
legitimately concerned with bringing
peace to this troubled island.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Frank
Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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Jan. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
United States-Kiribati Treaty of
Friendship
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Treaty. January 24, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for advice and
consent of the Senate, the Treaty of
Friendship between the United States of
America and the Republic of Kiribati.
The primary purpose of the Treaty is to
settle on terms acceptable to both governments the conflicting claims to 14 islands
in Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands)
in the South Pacific Ocean, and to establish a regime of cooperation, particularly
regarding security arrangements and
fisheries. The report of the Department of
State is enclosed for the information of the
Senate.
The Treaty and Agreed Minute meet
the practical interests of both countries
and will satisfy the desire of the Kiribati
people that their sovereignty over 14 of
the islands in their country be unencumbered by a conflicting claim of the United
States.
The Treaty will protect United States
interests by assuring non-discriminatory
future access to Kiribati fishing grounds
which supply fish to the canneries of
American Samoa. The Treaty also promotes the interest of American Samoa by
encouraging joint ventures using the
facilities constructed by the United States
on Canton Island. As well, any military
use of the islands by third parties is to
be a subject of consultations with the
United States, and third parties may not
use United States-built facilities without
United States agreement.
The Treaty will further United States
foreign policy and security interests in
promoting peace, security and development of the region. I recommend that the
Senate give early consideration to the
Treaty and give its advice and consent
to ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 24, 1980.
United States Citizens Living
Abroad
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. January 24, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:)
Section 611 of Public Law 95-429, as
amended by Section 406 of Public Law
96-60, required that I transmit a report
to you on Federal statutes and regulations
which "treat United States citizens living
abroad differently from United States
citizens residing within the United States
or which may cause, directly or indirectly,
competitive disadvantages for Americans
working abroad relative to the treatment
by other major trading nations of the
world of their nationals who are working
outside their territory".
On August 27, 1979, I transmitted to
you such a report, addressing many of the
legal provisions that affect U.S. citizens
residing abroad and comparing those provisions with the treatment accorded U.S.
citizens residing in the United States.
Modest but useful recommendations were
made, and this Administration has taken
steps to follow up on them, as noted at the
end of the report enclosed with this
message.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 24
The additional report I am now transmitting concentrates on the taxation of
Americans living abroad. It is clear to me
that the phrase "competitive disadvantage" refers primarily to Federal taxation.
Therefore, as I noted in my message of
August 27, 1979, I asked the Secretary of
the Treasury to prepare a report on this
complicated subject, which, as you know,
has involved the Congress and this Administration in long deliberations in recent years.
The various studies undertaken on the
taxation of Americans living abroad do
not yet provide clear evidence of competitive disadvantage and its impact on
American economic interests. In addition,
the Foreign Earned Income Act of 1978
has been in place for only one year. Consequently, the Treasury Department has
not yet had a chance to submit to Congress, as required by that Act, a report on
the operation of the new provisions for
tax year 1979 and on the economic and
revenue effects of the new law. Until
some assessment is made for at least the
first year's operations, I believe it prudent
not to recommend changes in the law.
I believe, however, that this report will
be helpful to the Congress and to the Administration in understanding the complicated and controversial area of tax policy and law. I fully intend to explore
these important matters and to work with
the Congress in developing any needed
improvements.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Frank
Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
The 25-page report is entitled "Equitable
Tax Treatment of United States Citizens Living
Abroad."
Visit of Prime Minister Cossiga of
Italy
Toasts at the State Dinner. January 24, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I know all of you join
me in this happy occasion, happy because
we have a very fine friend here from a
great nation. It's a pleasure for me to
welcome Prime Minister Cossiga here.
This is his first official visit to the White
House, and I know I join with all of you
in hoping that he'll come back here several times, for many years in the futureand you and I will be here to greet him
as hosts. [Laughter] So far, I have no
arguments from our guest. [Laughter]
As a matter of fact, he and I have a
lot in common. I went for a number of
years, and to three different colleges, and
finally got a bachelor of science degree;
he's a distinguished professor of constitutional law. We've both served in the Federal Government, as you know. I've been
in office 3 years; he's served 22 years.
[Laughter] He has held many offices in the
federal government of Italy; I've only
held one office. [Laughter] We both have
been in the Navy. He's still in the reserves. He's a commander, and I was a
lieutenant. [Laughter] But we both have
actually one thing in common: Sardinia
is just about as far from Rome as Georgia
is from Washington. [Laughter]
Our guest is a scholar and still a student. And one of the great historic figures
whom he admires most is Sir Thomas
More. He's written about Sir Thomas
More, and he described him in these
words: "A great political leader. A fine
diplomat. An eminent jurist, and a productive man of culture." And I think that
description accurately describes our guest
here this evening.
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Jan. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I quoted this morning from a saying in
Sardinia, that one only knows one's true
friends in a time of crisis or tribulation,
challenge. And in the last few months
under Prime Minister Cossiga, we have
been reminded in our own Nation again
of the true value of friendship.
Our country has been tested; we have
faced difficult and trying times. And I
think the harmony that we have achieved,
because of the sensitivity and the friendship and the tremendous political courage exhibited by the leader of the Government of Italy, has been an inspiration
to all of us and a support that we will
never forget.
There is a characteristic about our Nation which hasn't been adequately emphasized since American hostages were
seized by militant kidnapers on the fourth
day of November last year. It's a significant measure of the character of a nation
when it shows how it responds to an act
of terrorism that hurts one person or a
few people. The entire Nation and in fact
the entire world was aroused when President Moro was a victim of an act of terrorism. It showed not only the strength
of Italy to come together in a sense of both
unity and concern because a violent act
was perpetrated against humanity, but
America has exhibited the same kind of
sentiment and the same kind of unity and
the same kind of strength and the same
kind of concern and the same kind of
compassion in the last few weeks-220
million Americans absolutely obsessed
with the fact that 50 of our fellow citizens
were being held as innocent victims by
terrorists. I think it's a measure not of
weakness, but of strength, and I'm very
grateful that we in this time of trial have
had the absolute firm support of the people and the Government of Italy.
In addition to that, the Italian Government and its people have expressed in
very strong terms their condemnation of
the unwarranted military aggression
against the people of Afghanistan.
It's not only in a time of crisis and trial
and testing that we and the Italian people
have been drawn together. We have much
in common, as you well know, not only in
times of current events but historical perspective. Our culture has been derived to
a major degree from the great teachers,
scholars, poets, of Rome. Every American
knows at least one phrase in Latin, "E
Pluribus Unum," and it came, as you
know, from a poet, Virgil, in Rome.
Obviously this is not the only thing that
we derived from Italy. One of the things
that we've noticed, that I have noticed today, is the rapid growth in the number of
Italo-Americans who live in our Nation.
This morning I said after talking to the
Prime Minister-I got my figure from the
Prime Minister-that there were 7 million
Italo-Americans in this country. And this
evening, just a few hours later, there are
20 million Italo-Americans. [Laughter]
And my wife and Gino Paolucci 1 on the
way in said, "It's not 20 million, Mr.
President; it's 30 million." [Laughter] I
am sure after this visit by the Prime Minister there will be at least 65 million ItaloAmericans in our country. [Laughter]
Well, we do have strong and firm and
constant military ties with Italy. We have
strong and firm and constant and very
valuable political ties with Italy. We also
have economic ties, cultural ties. And I
think perhaps the most important of all
is the one I just mentioned, ties of blood,
of kinship. There is no way under any
possible political party or any possible
President that our Nation could ever be
separated from a feeling of affinity and
mutual purpose for the people of Italy,
because not only 20 or 30 million ItaloAmericans live here but their influence
and their concern remind all Americans
1 Chairman of the board, Italian American
Foundation.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 24
of the value of this ancient friendship, the
sharing of culture, the sharing of present
problems, and the sharing of a great future destiny.
It's an honor for us to have a statesman
and a scholar, a great diplomat and a
firm political leader to come and be with
us this evening. And I would like to propose a toast at this time to Prime Minister Cossiga and to the great and to the
brave people of Italy.
Mr. Prime Minister, we're glad to have
you with us.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you very
much, Mr. President.
Ladies and gentlemen, President Carter
has just mentioned that he came out of
the Navy as a mere lieutenant, while I'm
a commander or captain; and then he
came out with a bachelor's degree from
college, and I am a professor; and I have
served in many capacities in my country,
and he has served only in one here. But
there is one thing that he can do that I
have noticed: His aides allow him to
speak off the cuff, something that my
aides do not. [Laughter]
Of course, guess what I am going to get
from my aides for speaking off the cuff
tonight? But they'll catch up with me in
Rome.
President Carter has also mentioned
that I am very deeply attached to Sir
Thomas More, and he has said that many
of the things that apply to him can apply
to me. But I can say that it was said of
Thomas More that he was born for friendship and progress, and, Mr. President, this
applies to you.
Mr. President, I can rightfully number
this day among the richest of my political
and personal life-this day, which sees me
extend to you the greetings of Italy and
the Italian Government and people, and
express to you the high esteem, profound
respect, sincere friendship and gratitude
for your cordial hospitality. This is all the
more so since in you I feel I pay tribute
and address the great American Nation:
the nation of th'e Pilgrim Fathers, the nation of great struggles and sacrifices during the colonial period to win and to defend the guarantees of democracy, the nation of the great struggles for independence, and the nation which at the most
crucial moments of world history has always been an important part of the struggle for liberty.
I feel I am addressing the country
which first laid down democratic consensus as the basis for political power, the
country which, at so many times in its
life, has given expression to the style and
solidity of ancient Rome, and not only
through the use of the words "E Pluribus
Unum," the splendor of renaissance Italy,
and the creative brilliance of baroque
Italy.
I see that my speech is long; therefore,
Mr. President, I'm going to face the wrath
of my aides, and I am going to speak off
the cuff. [Laughter] Otherwise I hope
[inaudible].
Mr. President, I hope I will be able to
express, in a few simple words, what it
said, in more flowery terms, in the text
that we had prepared in Rome. This
morning, Mr. President, you gave me a
lesson of simplicity which I have learned.
It's not the habit of Italian politicians to
be very simple. [Laughter]
My visit here today comes as a proof
of friendship and solidarity towards your
great country at the time when the United
States feel affected in their deepest feelings by the fate of the hostages which are
being held at present in Iran, and to whom
I wish, as a man and a Christian, a safe return home to their families and in their
country.
I arrived here, Mr. President, at the
time where the political situation of the
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Jan. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
world is in turmoil. I came as an Italian
and as a European, a friend among
friends, an ally among allies, and I have
been treated as such since the moment I
stepped on American soil.
We, in Italy, are committed to defend
the security of our people, hence, of the
whole world. And we are convinced that
it is only through the respect of international law and through the respect of the
sovereignty of nations that it will be possible to have peace reign.
The history of your country and of our
country have many points in common, Mr.
President. We both fought for our independence, our freedom, and our unity,
and we both do not wish to lose it.
I have come from the old continent to
the new continent, and I have found that
the new continent has reached unity before we have. And yet, I assure you, we
are working towards that goal in order to
be worthy of the sons of Europe who have
come to these shores. Together we work
for peace in the conviction that only
through this work for peace it will be possible to guarantee the security and liberty
of the world. It is a duty that we share not
only vis-a-vis of our perspective people,
we share it vis-a-vis of the whole world.
They are the fathers of liberty in the old
continent, the fathers of liberty in the new
continent. That is why we are friends and
allies and brothers. And no matter what,
we shall continue, Mr. President, together
to work for peace, liberty, and security.
Thank you.
And now, I have a request to make.
Could you please sort of break a lance in
my favor with my aides so that I don't get
too much hate? [Laughter]
NOTE: The President spoke at 8: 18 p.m. in the
State Dining Room at the White House. Prime
Minister Cossiga spoke in Italian, and his remarks were translated by an interpreter.
Visit of Prime Minister Cossiga of
Italy
Joint Press Statement. January 25, 1980
At President Carter's invitation, the
President of the Council of Ministers of
Italy, Francesco Cossiga, paid an official
visit to Washington January 24-25. The
Italian Prime Minister is also visiting the
United States in his capacity as President
of the Council of Ministers of the European Community for the current sixmonth term. The President offered a dinner at the White House in honor of Prime
Minister Cossiga and had two meetings
with him.
The President and the Prime Minister
reviewed the exceptionally close relations
between the two countries and stressed
the solidarity existing between them; they
also discussed a number of major international issues of common concern. These
included the crises in Iran and Afghanistan, the relations between East and
West, the situation in the Mediterranean
and the Middle East, the continuing efforts by both the United States and Italy
to strengthen the Atlantic Alliance, the
international economic situation, the development of the European Economic
Community, of which Italy holds at the
moment the Presidency, and a broad
range of bilateral activities designed to
intensify U.S.-Italian cooperation in all
fields.
The President expressed his appreciation and that of the entire American people for Italy's assistance and support in
connection with the international effort
to secure the release of the American hostages held by Iran in defiance of the universally accepted standards of international law.
The President and the Prime Minister
agreed that the principle of civilized behavior and rule of law is at stake. They
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 25
believe that the continued detention, bent
on blackmail, of American diplomatic
personnel puts Iran in conflict not merely
with the United States but with the entire
world community. The President and the
Prime Minister further agreed that all the
hostages must be released unharmed. To
this effect, they concur in the need for all
appropriate means to convince the
Iranian authorities to end the illegal captivity of U.S. citizens.
The two leaders discussed the Soviet
invasion and occupation of Afghanistan
and agreed that this unacceptable violation of the sovereignty and independence
of a previously non-aligned state, of international law, and of the United Nations
Charter constitutes a grave threat to the
peace not only of a vital region but of the
entire world. They noted the international recognition of this threat-as
expressed by a very large number of
countries, including all the European
Community States —in the United Nations General Assembly vote overwhelmingly condemning the Soviet action in
Afghanistan. The two leaders firmly reiterated their demand that all Soviet
troops be withdrawn from Afghanistan.
The President and the Prime Minister expressed their determination to pursue,
with like-minded nations, a series of coordinated actions to make very clear to
the Soviet Union that it will not be allowed to commit such aggression with
impunity.
The President and the Prime Minister
reviewed the situation in the Mediterranean and the Middle East and agreed to
press forward on the Camp David Accord
and on the search for a comprehensive
settlement, recognizing the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and independence of
each country of the area, and their rights
to live within established and secure borders and taking into account the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people.
The President and the Prime Minister
also discussed Atlantic Security issues and
expressed their satisfaction with the recent NATO decision to modernize the
Alliance's long-range theatre nuclear
forces, in conjunction with the offer to
Warsaw Pact countries to negotiate a
balanced reduction of such weapons.
They noted and they agreed that efforts
to control and verify strategic nuclear
weapons in the interest of world peace
should not be abandoned.
The President and the Prime Minister
also reviewed the difficulties of the present economic situation and agreed to cooperate closely in the efforts to reach
common solutions to cope with them.
They discussed the plans for the Venice
Economic Summit, which Italy will host
in June, with particular emphasis on pursuing effective policies on macro-economics, energy, trade and monetary questions,
as well as new initiatives for developing
the North-South dialogue to which both
sides attribute great importance.
In emphasizing his solidarity with the
Prime Minister and with the Italian people in the fight against terrorism, the
President expressed admiration for the
Prime Minister's leadership and his commitment to democratic tradition. He further expressed his appreciation for the
efforts made by the Italian Government
to cope with the difficult economic situation, in order to achieve a greater stability and solve the most pressing problem
of our time, the shortage of energy, and
assure the necessary rate of economic
growth.
To further the close bilateral relationship between the United States and Italy
and enhance democratic ties on both sides
of the Atlantic, the two leaders agreed
to intensify cooperation in a variety of
fields. Concrete steps in support of such
cooperation will encompass the visit of a
high-level investment mission to Italy for
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Jan. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the purpose of expanding American investment in southern Italy; increased bilateral collaboration in the fields of
energy research and development; a comprehensive program in agriculture which
will help make Italy more self-sufficient in
meat production and enlarge U.S. feed
grain exports; expanded cultural and educational exchange activity between Italy
and the United States, including instructional television for the reciprocal teaching of each country's language; and the
prevention of drug abuse.
The President told the Prime Minister
he looked forward with particular pleasure to the visit he will be making to Rome
in June and the continuation of his bilateral talks with the Italian leadership
directly preceding the Venice Economic
Summit.
NOTE: On January 24, the White House released the following announcement.
In addition to the President, those attending
the meeting with Italian Prime Minister Cossiga in the Cabinet Room this morning were:
THE VICE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE VANCE
ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI, ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS
DAVID AARON, DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE
PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
AFFAIRS
AMBASSADOR HENRY OWEN
AMBASSADOR RICHARD GARDNER
DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE
ALLEN HOLMES
JAMES RENTSCHLER, NSC STAFF MEMBER
In addition to Prime Minister Cossiga, those
attending the meeting on the Italian side were:
MINISTER SERGIO BERLINGUER, DIPLOMATIC
ADVISOR
DR. LUIGI ZANDA LOY, CHIEF, PRESS OFFICE
MINISTER MAURIZIO BUCCI, DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
MINISTER CESARE GNOLI, VICE DIRECTOR
GENERAL FOR POLITICAL AFFAIRS, MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
COUNSELOR LUDOVICO ORTONA, OFFICE OF
THE PRIME MINISTER'S DIPLOMATIC ADVISOR
AMBASSADOR PAOLO PANSA CEDRONIO
United States Conference of
Mayors
Remarks to Mayors Attending the
Conference's Winter Meeting.
January 25, 1980
I have seen the time that I didn't look
forward to meeting with mayors[laughter]-but-I think we've come a
long way in the last 3 years.
Moon Landrieu, behind me on the
stage, I think is typical of what our administration is trying to do. He not only
has done a good job in the few short weeks
that he has been here but showed even
when he was mayor of New Orleans that
he understood the basic problems that all
of you have to face. He left his beautiful
city at that time and went throughout the
Nation, as you know, speaking up for New
York City-when it was certainly not popular for a southerner to do that-but
pointed out in a most perceptive fashion
that the cities of our country were in danger. And the Nation listened, and eventually, as you know, the Congress acted.
I know that you have such a vast accumulation of experience and a vast accumulation of problems that you've had
to face, challenges for the future, that
there's no way for me to describe them all.
But I would like to take a few minutes this
morning to outline to you the entire situation as best I can from my own perspective as President, and then, following that,
of course, you'll have a chance to question
those others on the stage here about details of the programs that I might mention.
When I campaigned throughout the
Nation in 1975 and 1976, there was a
sense of pessimism bordering on despair
about the viability of our major cities. I
think this feeling was based on circumstances as they then existed, and I was impressed not only as I observed the circumstances and also talked to people on the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 25
street, and particularly talked to civic
leaders, and especially mayors, that if I
became President that this would be a
major responsibility of mine. I didn't
know the answers-to the major questions
even. But as we went into the problem
of trying to resolve those difficulties, it
became obvious to me that the answers lay
not in the White House but among you.
One of the things that we've tried to do
in every circumstance, and I hope we
have not failed, is to bring the mayors
into the White House and into every department of Government and even in the
process to open up a better relationship, at
least in some cases, between the mayors
and State officials, including Governors.
We've not put forward to the Congress
any major legislation or any significant
legislation that affected you without having consulted with you first. You've not
had to go to the Hill or the Congress and
undo mistakes that were made by us because you were not involved in the drafting of legislation, quite often even in the
details of it. And I know there were times
when you worked literally for months,
you and your leaders, elected by you, to
help us evolve the programs.
I've also been pleased that Jack Watson, my top Administrative Assistant,
could work closely with you on a continuing basis to provide an avenue so that
you don't have to search among the multitude of agencies that still exist in the
Federal Government to find the answer to
a question or the source of a corrective
action that might repair some lack of service to your community. We don't have an
unlimited fund with which to pay for all
the needs that you face; we don't claim
that, we never will. We ought not to have.
And we don't have magic answers to deal
with problems that have been building in
this country for generations. But I think
there's been a substantial restoration of
the spirit and the vitality and the growth
and the self-confidence among our major
communities that was lacking in the past.
We've tried to give you some of the tools
to do it.
Economic development funds have
been multiplied in the last 3 years, 40
times over, an increase of 4,000 percent;
and the money is being spent wisely.
We've also had a 100-percent increase in
the CETA program, which is extremely
valuable to most of you represented here.
We are still moving, I think successfully,
to bring in not only mayors, county officials, other municipal officials and State
officials but, perhaps most importantly of
all, representatives of the private sector.
The UDAG program, I think, has been
remarkably successful, hammered out by
you and implemented by us, working with
you. It's a program with minimum turnaround time. We don't keep you waiting
to know whether an application is going
to be acceptable or not. It has a tremendous magnification factor built into it.
With a small amount of taxpayers' money,
there's a tremendous amount of benefit.
And then when the project is finished, it's
one that engenders within itself a great
deal of self-pride: This is something we
did. I don't think any community that has
a successful UDAG program says "This is
something the Federal Government did
for me." And I don't think that the private
investors in your community feel that
"This is something that the city government did for me." There's a genuine
sense of accomplishment on the part of
people that ought to be directly involved
in the rejuvenation of deteriorating areas
of our Nation, in the metropolitan areas.
And that is what has been accomplished. But the private sector has an increasing role to play, and we have tried
to put them not only into the UDAG program but also into every other element of
societal benefit in our country-jobs,
transportation, along with housing and
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Jan. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
other programs that are partially financed
or supported by the Federal Government.
In 1975 or 1976, if I could ask any
group like this, "What is your most serious problem?", the answer would have
been, "Unemployment." Obviously, we
haven't solved the unemployment problem. But we have added a net of 9 million
new jobs in this Nation, never before done
in wartime or peacetime. And I think a
lot of those jobs are solid; they are not
artificially created jobs that are kind of the
froth on our Nation's structure. They are
solid. And I think a lot of that has been
proven in the last 15 or 17 months by the
fact that the unemployment rate, in spite
of very serious economic problems that
exist worldwide, those jobs have held
firmly. We've had a steady increase of
literally hundreds of thousands of jobs
every month, so that with an increasing
labor force, we have not had the unemployment rate going up.
Every projection in the future shows
that we will not continue that good result,
but at least we've had a very good solid
basis for assessing how to resolve a difficulty of that kind together. We've now
got some problems in the Congress, potentially, unless we work in harmony. I've
recommended, as you know, to the Congress a 5-year extension of general revenue
sharing. It's going to require a lot of work
on the part of all of us to protect that
proposal.
One of the things that will be in the
new revenue sharing legislation that we've
proposed is a mandate that in all 50
States there be established a commission
to work with you to inventory the fiscal
needs of local communities in their entirety, not only from your own sometimes
tightly constrained revenue base where
State legislators have the final voice on
what you can do, but the State contribution and the Federal contribution and
what might even come from the private
sector. So, I think that we'll have in the
revenue sharing bill a very good mandate-it's not option-for the States to
coordinate, not to tell you what to do, but
to inventory what needs to be done to
fulfill the requirements of the urban
centers.
Youth employment-if we have not
succeeded in every aspect of improving
our society's life, I would say that the one
notable failure has been in the employment of young people. We've got too much
unemployment among our young men
and women, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 years old,
and particularly among minority groups.
The unemployment rate among some of
them runs as high as 65 percent, and for
a person to get out of the category of a
statistic and change in our minds into a
human being, the realization of that failure of America to let each life be meaningful, is very serious indeed.
We've got a limited budget. I'm working to keep down deficit spending. But we
will have a massive program to put our
young people to work, again emphasizing
cooperative work and again emphasizing
the private sector. I have served as a
Governor and I've served as a local school
board chairman. I was chairman of the
University Committee in the Georgia
State Senate. And I have been concerned
all my public life about the incompatibility between the educational institutions of
all kinds-the universities, the colleges,
the vocational and technical schools, the
high schools, and the graduates that they
produce on the one hand, and the job
needs and the job availabilities on the
other.
There has never been an adequate way
yet to mesh those two. Even establishing
communication between them has been
very difficult, particularly at the Federal
level, because education has been buried
under health and welfare. Now we will
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 25
have a separate Department of Education,
and Shirley Hufstedler and Ray Marshall
are already working intimately on this
problem so that young people at the junior
high school age who cannot claim to have
an educational ability adequate to hold a
job can have remedial work done.
Too many of our high school graduates
are still functional illiterates. And at the
same time, we need to make sure that
those who have dropped out of school
have a chance to train themselves to hold
a permanent job. And the program that
we have evolved will, again, be of great
benefit to you and those you represent.
Mass transit, public transportation-we
have advocated as you know, an enormous
increase in funds for this purpose, far beyond the progress that we have already
made. And here again, in the youth employment and in mass transit, this is an
opportunity for you and your communities
to benefit.
Let me close by saying two more things.
In my opinion, the most serious domestic
issue is still inflation. We cannot ignore
the fact that all the programs that I have
described to you have been carefully devised, not with a cornucopia of Federal
funds pouring out in a wasteful fashion,
but they've been devised with an emphasis
on the utmost efficiency. We haven't been
stingy, but we've been careful and cautious. And you have helped us to do it.
I don't intend to waste any money, but
I need your support to help me hold down
the inflation rate because it's so difficult to
do. There are some basic problems. One is
to cut down the Federal deficit. We've already slashed it $50 billion since I've been
President. We've reduced the Federal
deficit 75 percent. As a portion of the gross
national product, when I ran for President
and was elected, it was about roughly 4V2
percent of the gross national product, was
the Federal deficit. Now we've got it down
to 6/10 of 1 percent, and I'm aiming for
a balanced budget. And everything that
I've described to you in the past, that we
have done already, has been done within
those severe budget restraints. And I think
in the longrun it's much better for you to
do it this way than for us to be overly generous in allocating additional Federal
moneys. But I hope that you will help me
to impress among the people that you
represent that the holding of the inflation
rate down is the most serious problem. It
has not just come on us. It's been on us for
10 years. We're not going to get rid of it
overnight. There are no ways to avoid
disappointing particular constituency
groups as we deal with the inflation rate.
We're trying to get Government regulation minimized-to get the Federal Government's nose out of the free enterprise
system and off the backs of the private
citizens of our country is a very important
commitment. We've done it already in
some areas. We've cut paperwork already
15 percent, which is an enormous amount
of person-years required to fill out Federal
forms. And we have also, as you know,
deregulated the airline industry. We're
trying now to do the same thing with
trucking, rail, communication, finance.
If we are successful, the consumers of
America will benefit greatly, and the inflationary results from excessive Government regulation will be reduced substantially. But I tell you that every one of
those parts of our economic life that I am
sure opposed regulation to begin with,
now cling to it because they are getting an
unwarranted benefit from Government
protection at the expense of competition
and at the expense of the consumers.
We obviously have a need for longrange correction of our lowering rate of
increase of productivity. Our country is
still, perhaps, the most productive nation
on Earth, but the productivity hasn't been
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Jan. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
growing as much as it should; and longrange commitments to research and development are extremely important for us.
Building up more savings is also important.
There is no way we can spend our way
out of inflation, and there's no way we can
wish our way out of inflation. There's no
way we can complain our way out of inflation. The only way we can do it is to
work our way out of it, and we can't expect an overnight miracle. There are no
easy answers. The inflation pressures are
on every single nation on Earth, very, very
severe inflationary pressures on every nation on Earth. I'm not trying to lay the
blame anywhere else, but I am going to
do all I can to hold down the inflation
rate, and I need for you to help me.
And the last point I want to ask you to
do is to help me with the foreign policy of
our country.
Our Nation has been through a time
of extreme challenge and trial, and I think
we have performed well. I've been extremely grateful at the spirit of commitment and unity and also the spirit of compassion and concern.
The capturing of 50 American hostages,
innocent people, by terrorists or kidnapers
has aroused the finest elements of the
American spirit. America has been
brought to its knees by this incident, not
in submission but in prayer. And I've been
impressed with the difference between our
country and the Soviet Union. Just to
think that 220 million Americans, blessed
in every possible way, have become almost
completely obsessed with concern and
hope about just 50 people. It shows that
our commitment to human rights is not
just a theory and that we haven't lost the
basic elements that make us proud of this
country in which we live.
And not too far from Iran there's a
little country named Afghanistan-proud,
independent. They haven't been subjugated completely in 2,000 years; deeply
religious. And they are being ground
under an enormous military power with
loss of life, executions, powerful Soviet
troops fighting against the soldiers of
Afghanistan, trying to stamp out freedom.
It shows a vivid difference between our
two countries.
In international affairs and in domestic
affairs, I don't claim any infallibility.
Everybody, including mayors even, don't
claim and cannot claim to know all of the
answers. But I think you all agree that
with a spirit of common commitment and
courage and tenacity and unity and high
hopes and expectations and the maintenance of those standards of life that never
change, we can prevail over the most difficult of obstacles. That's what makes me
proud of you, and that's what makes me
proud of this country.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12:18 p.m. in
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
January 21
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
January 22
The President met at the White House
with:
216.-4s- -
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-a group of evangelical leaders;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Representative Thomas L. Ashley of
Ohio;
-Mrs. Carter, for lunch.
January 23
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-Clark Clifford, selected as the President's personal emissary to India;
-Mr. Moore.
January 24
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore.
The President attended a luncheon
hosted by Mrs. Carter for members of the
President's Committee on Mental Retardation.
The President announced that he has
accorded Frank E. Loy the personal
rank of Ambassador. Loy, 51, is Deputy
United States Coordinator for Refugee
Affairs.
The White House announced that the
President will nominate four persons for
positions in which they have been serving
under recess appointments. They are:
-William J. Driver, to be Commissioner of Social Security. Driver was
appointed to this position on January 3, 1980.
-Ralph Earle II, to be Director of the
U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Earle was appointed
to this position on January 3, 1980.
-William A. Lubbers, to be General
Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board. Lubbers was nominated
for this position on November 28,
1979, but was not confirmed before
the Senate adjourned. He was appointed to the position on December
24, 1979.
-George M. Seignious II, to be a
member of the General Advisory
Committee of the Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency. He was appointed to this position on January
3, 1980.
January 25
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, Lloyd N.
Cutler, Counsel to the President, and
Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-members of the Jewish Federatiodn
of St. Louis;
-Mr. Donovan;
-a group of Federal regional officials.
The President announced the persons
who will represent the United States at
the Olympic Torch Ceremony in Athens,
Greece, January 27-31, 1980. The Honorable Anne Wexler, Assistant to the President, will head the delegation. The Honorable Joseph Duffey will accompany Ms.
Wexler. Other representatives of the President are:
THE HONORABLE ABELARDO L. VALDEZ, Chief
of Protocol of the United States;
217
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
MRS. CHRISTINE DODSON, Staff Secretary, National Security Council;
THE HONORABLE PETER K. BABALAS of Norfolk, Va.;
THE HONORABLE LEROY K. IRVIS of Harrisburg, Pa.;
THE HONORABLE YORKA C. LINAKIS of New
York, N.Y.;
MR. JOSE ACEVES of Washington, D.C.;
MR. ANDREW A. ATHENS of Chicago, Ill.;
MR. ALVA T. BONDA of Cleveland, Ohio;
MR. WILLIAM R. BORDERS, JR., of Washington,
D.C.;
MR. MICHAEL MANATOS of Sumner, Md.;
MR. WILLIAM PATRICK MCMULLEN, JR., of
Jackson, Miss.;
MR. NICK SMYRNIS of Indianapolis, Ind.;
MR. KAY SUGAHARA of New York, N.Y.
The President left the White House for
a stay at Camp David, Md.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted January 22, 1980
ROBERT HARRY SPIRO, JR., of Florida, to be
Under Secretary of the Army, vice Walter
Barber LaBerge, resigned.
ROBERT J. MURRAY, of Virginia, to be Under
Secretary of the Navy, vice R. James Woolsey, resigned.
FILEMON B. VELA, of Texas, to be United
States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas, vice Reynaldo Garza, elevated.
CHARLES DAVID ABLARD, of Virginia, to be a
member of the Board for International
Broadcasting for a term expiring April 28,
1982, vice John T. Murphy, term expired.
The following-named persons to be members of
the National Council on Educational Research for terms expiring September 30,
1981:
TOMAS A. ARCINIEGA, of California
(reappointment).
JON L. HARKNESS, of Wisconsin, vice
John E. Corbally, term expired.
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted January 22-Continued
HAROLD L. ENARSON, of Ohio, vice
Robert G. Heyer, term expired.
BARBARA S. UEHLING, of Missouri, vice
Charles A. Nelson, term expired.
BERNARD C. WATSON, of Pennsylvania,
vice D. J. Guzzetta, term expired.
DAVID BRONHEIM, of Connecticut, to be an
Associate Director of the United States
International Development Cooperation
Agency (new position).
GEORGE M. SEIGNIOUS II, of South Carolina,
for the rank of Ambassador during the tenure of his service as United States Delegation Member at Large to such arms control
negotiations as the Director of the United
States Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency may designate.
ROBERT E. WHITE, of Massachusetts, a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States of America to El
Salvador.
Submitted January 23, 1980
PHILIP MAYER KAISER, of New York, to be
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to
Austria.
TRUMAN MCGILL HOBBS, of Alabama, to be
United States District Judge for the Middle
District of Alabama, vice a new position
created by P.L. 95-486, approved October
20, 1978.
Submitted January 24, 1980
HORACE DICKEN CHERRY, of Maryland, to be
an Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development, vice William Brownlee Welsh.
Submitted January 25, 1980
WILLIAM J. DRIVER, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Social Security, to which office
he was appointed during the last recess of
the Senate.
WILLIAM A. LUBBERS, of Maryland, to be General Counsel of the National Labor Relations
Board for a term of 4 years, to which office
he was appointed during the last recess of
the Senate.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted January 25-Continued
RALPH EARLE II, of Pennsylvania, to be Director of the United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency, to which office he was
appointed during the last recess of the
Senate.
GEORGE M. SEIGNIOUS II, of South Carolina, to
be a member of the General Advisory Committee of the United States Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency, to which office he
was appointed during the last recess of the
Senate.
MATTHEW NIMETZ, of New York, to be Under
Secretary of State for Coordinating Security
Assistance Programs, vice Lucy Wilson Benson, resigned.
CHARLES CONWAY FLOWERREE, of Virginia, a
Foreign Service officer of Class one, for the
rank of Ambassador while serving as the
United States Representative to the Committee on Disarmament.
ELIZABETH S. CARPENTER, of Texas, to be an
Assistant Secretary of Education (Public
Affairs) (new position).
CARL WILLIAM FISCHER, of Maryland, to be
an Assistant Secretary of Education (Budget
and Planning) (new position).
JOHN B. GABUSI, of Arizona, to be an Assistant
Secretary of Education (Management) (new
position).
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of
the White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released January 19, 1980
News conference: on grain shipments to the
Soviet Union-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs
and Policy, Dale E. Hathaway, Under Secretary, and Howard W. Hjort, Director, Economics, Policy Analysis and Budget, Department of Agriculture, and Ambassador Henry
D. Owen, Special Representative of the
President for International Economic Summits
Released January 20, 1980
News conference: on U.S. participation in the
1980 Summer Olympics to be held in Moscow-by Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the
President, and Press Secretary Jody Powell
Released January 23, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Truman M.
Hobbs to be United States District Judge for
the Middle District of Alabama
Advance text: State of the Union address
Released January 25, 1980
Announcement: United States, New York, and
Lake Placid delegations to the Olympic
Torch ceremony in Athens, Greece
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
NOTE: No acts approved by the President were
received by the Office of the Federal Register
during the period covered by this issue.
219
Week Ending Friday, February 1, 1980
Leadership Conference on
Civil Rights
Remarks at the Annual Hubert H.
Humphrey Award Dinner.
January 27, 1980
On the way over here, I was trying to
think of a story to illustrate the changes
that have taken place in the last 30 years.
The only one I could think of was one
that our Sunday school teacher told us
the first Sunday in January; about a very
meek, quiet little bookkeeper and his wife
who were driving along at night, and they
were late getting to their hotel.
He was quite nervous, because he didn't
like to be out at night. And he had a flat
tire on a lonely part of the road. And
when he got out to fix it, he opened the
trunk of the car and the jack was missing.
He immediately blamed it on his wife;
they had quite an argument. Finally she
slammed the door, and he looked through
the window and said, "Well, what are we
going to do?" She said, "Well, we passed
a service station about 3 miles back down
the road. Why don't you walk back there
and borrow a jack?" He was quite nervous
and quite afraid, but he couldn't talk his
wife into going back-[laughter]-so he
went alone.
And as he walked down the road towards the service station, he began to
think to himself. He said, "I bet that lazy
service station keeper has closed up since
we passed and won't be there to let me
have a jack." And he thought about that
for awhile. And then later on he said,
"Well, I bet if he's open, he'll say that it's
too late at night, and he can't help me at
all-typical of service station operators,"
he said. He walked a little bit further, and,
as he approached the station, he said, "I
bet if he does have a jack and if he will
let me have it, he's going to charge me a
fortune for it and cheat me-I'm just
sure he will."
So, he walked in the service station, and
this very nice guy came up and said,
"Good evening, friend, what can I do to
help you?" And the little guy drew back
and busted him right in the nose and said,
"Keep your jack, I didn't want it anyhow." [Laughter]
Well, sometimes, within a society, there
is an expectation that is so low that there's
a lashing out and an alienation and a lack
of trust and a lack of progress, and hopes
and dreams cannot be realized, and the
strength of a society can't be provided for
those who need it most.
Thirty years ago this organization was
formed with some very difficult tasks, but
fairly clear tasks: to stop lynching, to permit black citizens to vote, and to let little
black children go to school. It wasn't easy,
those goals. History proved it wasn't. But
the task was simple: to stop legally
condoned murder and legally condoned
discrimination and legally condoned deprivation of the right of a human being in
a free society under the United States
Constitution to have an equal right to a
quality life.
That was also a time of fragmentation-racial fragmentation, regional fragmentation, religious fragmentation-and
it's almost a miracle in retrospect that
150 different organizations could have
come together and stayed together, as has
been the case in this Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. But what held this
group together was the yearning to raise
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Jan. 2 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
high a banner for the poor and the deprived and the inarticulate and the timid.
And that was such a noble goal that it
kind of cut through the natural inclination
to separate and to seek credit for the
achievements, ultimately, that were
realized.
Tonight, two great men are being honored who, in a different way, both personify the strength of this organization.
George Meany was a poor young man.
He dropped out of high school. He served
5 years as an apprentice and then, through
no fault of his own, failed to pass the
journeyman's examination. But one thing
he never learned and that was how to give
up; and one thing he never forgot was
how it feels to be poor. I doubt that without George Meany, without the AFLCIO, that the Civil Rights Acts of 1964
and 1965 would ever have been passed. I
don't think that's an exaggeration.
Woodrow Wilson said that a nation is
great and only as great as its rank and file;
and I don't know, in my own experience,
of any person who better understood and
better served the rank-and-file Americans,
about whom all of you have been so
deeply concerned, as did George Meany.
Clarence Mitchell is the symbol of the
strength of this organization. A modest
man, he's always eager to give other people credit, as he did a few minutes ago.
This is a night to honor him. He, in an
excessive degree of generosity, tried to give
me credit for things; that's typical of him.
But he's always had an incisive mind, and
he's always known how to organize, and
he's always known how to be successful.
And the reason he has been successful is
that he's been eager to give other people
credit for what he himself has accomplished.
He's never grasped for recognition or
for anything for himself. He's always
grasped for a new life for those who de
pended on him, and he's never betrayed
their trust. It's not a conflict with what I
said recently when I tell you that every
single piece of civil rights legislation
passed in the last 25 years was passed because of Clarence Mitchell, and without
him, it could not have been done.
I think when the history of the civil
rights movement and the history of the
achievement of human rights in this country is written, it could not possibly be done
without including the history of Clarence
Mitchell and his absolutely remarkable
family.
Another bit of history that comes to
my mind is that, 1968, this country had a
chance to elect a President who would
have devoted his boundless energy to another quantum jump in the enhancement
of human rights in our country-Hubert
Humphrey. But a strange set of circumstances militated against that. It was a
time of war and division because of war.
It was a time of assassination and deep
concern and division because of assassination. It was a time of burning cities, as
people lashed out one against another in
a spirit of frustration.
And our Democratic Party was fragmented, and there were some jealousies
there. And Hubert Humphrey was not
elected, a tragedy for our country. But he
didn't let that dampen his spirit, and he
kept raising high the banner, as he said,
"Walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights." And in the last
3 years, with the help of all of you, that's
what we've tried to do.
The field is still ripe for the harvest. The
passage of the civil rights legislation that's
already on the books is just a first step.
Women, Hispanics, blacks, the poor, the
elderly still wait for true equality in our
land of the equal.
In the last 3 years, we haven't done very
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 27
much, but we've begun, again, to realize
the dreams of Hubert Humphrey, George
Meany, Clarence Mitchell and others like
them assembled in this room. More
women, more blacks, more Hispanics have
been appointed to the Federal courts than
in all the previous administrations in the
history of our country. Of the 32 women
who now serve on the Federal courts, 28
of them were appointed in the last 3 years.
But the point is, that's still just a beginning.
When I was sworn in as President, there
was not a single U.S. attorney in this
Nation who was a woman. Drew Days,
head of the Civil Rights Division, is now
working hard to establish into the structure of society the benefits derived from
the great and historic civil rights legislation, the Bakke case, the Weber case. The
stamping out of an embryonic resurgence
of the Ku Klux Klan blight on our society
is part of his responsibility, and he's doing
a good job with it.
The Vice President, the members of
my Cabinet represent, I believe-every
single one of them-the ambitions and
the hopes and ideals of this group in the
room. Eleanor Holmes Norton, in the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, has revamped its structure to
make it more efficient. What used to be
a backlog of 30,000 claims has now been
reduced. It used to take at least 2 years
to get one claim through that horrible obstruction. Now the average is less than
2 months.
Great needs still exist. There are areas
in our country that has an unemployment rate of 35, 40, 45 percent among
minority youth. We've created new jobs, 9
million of them. The employment among
black citizens has increased 15 percent, 4
percent higher than the increase in employment for the general population of
our country. But we still have an awful
long way to go.
Education and jobs has not yet been
matched with one another. Thirty years
ago, only one-third of the jobs in our
country did not require a high school education. Now, only one-eleventh of the jobs
don't require a high school education.
And the dropout rate is still extraordinarily high.
We've been working for the last year
to try to deal with this pernicious problem.
And in the 1981 budget, we're asking for
a massive commitment to employment
among young people-18, 19, 20, 21, 22
years old-with the emphasis on minority
youth. It's a challenge to us because it has
not yet gone through the Congress. It's a
very expensive program. It will combine
remedial training at the junior high
school level, for those that are still in
school, combined with a job in private industry, and for those that have already
dropped out, also an opportunity for a
job, with an emphasis on training to hold
that job permanently. It will add another
450,000 jobs for young people.
This is needed, but we should never forget, those of us in this room who are fairly
affluent and fairly influential, who are not
deprived, what Martin Luther King, Jr.,
says when he commented it's not good for
those to ask blacks to pull themselves up
by their bootstraps, when they don't
notice that the black is barefoot. There
are a lot of barefoot people in our country still, and they are looking to you and
me to alleviate their problems. I doubt if
we'll ever see again any official-minded
busdriver making blacks move to the back
end of the bus. But we're not going to be
satisfied with blacks and Hispanics and
women driving the bus-we want to see
them own the bus company.
Well, a lot of benefits have been derived
from what this group has done long before
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Jan. 2 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I came to Washington. I think our foreign
policy has been transformed with Andy
Young's help and with Don McHenry's
help, and those who serve around the
world as Ambassadors who happen to be
black or Hispanic, who understand the
special problems of those who are and who
have suffered from a history of deprivation.
The tremendous votes that took place
recently in the United Nations contradicts
the historical tone, when the small nations
and the new nations and the weak nations
and those who represented populations
with black and brown and yellow people
supported our position with our hostages
in Iran and who condemned the Soviet
Union for their invasion of Afghanistan.
That would likely not have been the case
a few years ago.
This year, we're going to have a White
House Conference on Families. And I
want to be sure that families are strengthened, and I hope that all of you will participate and make sure that the structure
of that conference will be designed for
that noble purpose. And we've still got
problems with the elderly. A wise man
said, "I never have understood how a
father could take care of 12 sons, and 12
sons can't take care of one father." And
we've got to get the equal rights amendment passed, as Lane beat me to my
punchline, but I want to add my voice.
And instead of Clarence Mitchell remaining as the 101st Senator, we want him to
be the 103d Senator, because we want to
get 2 from the District of Columbia.
Well, the point I want to make in closing is this: This group has led our country through 30 years of change-change
for the better, change under the most difficult circumstances-giving new hope to
those who were hopeless and a new
chance to those who thought their whole
lives would be blighted with racial dis
crimination. We've made a lot of progress;
there have been ups and downs; it has not
been smooth. We are now trying again to
raise that banner high and to move forward rapidly into the sunshine of human
rights and let Hubert Humphrey's dream
come true.
The road is still not easy. There is a
tone in this Nation that's not as committed to the enhancement of civil rights,
human rights, as I would like to see. You
can tell it in the Congress.
The battle for fair housing legislation is
not going to be easy. And some of the
legislation that George Meany and Lane
Kirkland and Clarence Mitchell have
worked with me to achieve has not yet
been achieved. But I would like to say, on
behalf of a grateful nation, that we appreciate what you have done, and the exemplification of your great achievement in
the lives of two fine men, George Meany,
an honoree tonight, and Clarence
Mitchell, an honoree tonight.
I want us to recommit ourselves this
evening not to betray the noble ideals that
they espouse, and to let us lead our country forward and upward into the realization of those dreams which made this organization possible and made your great
achievements such a blessing to our Nation and to all other countries on Earth
who look to us for leadership, and with
justifiable admiration. I want to make
the greatest nation on Earth even greater
in the future with your help.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:33 p.m. in the
Presidential Ballroom at the Capital Hilton
Hotel.
Prior to the President's remarks, former
Senator Muriel Humphrey presented awards to
Lane Kirkland, president of the AFL-CIO, on
behalf of the late George Meany, and Clarence
M. Mitchell, Jr., chairman of the Leadership
Conference on Civil Rights.
224
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
1959 Geneva Radio Regulations
Message to the Senate Transmitting a
Partial Revision. January 24, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith the Partial Revision of the Radio Regulations (Geneva
1959)-signed on behalf of the United
States at Geneva on March 5, 1978-for
the advice and consent of the Senate.
I am also transmitting, for the Senate's
information, the Department of State's
report on the Partial Revision.
The primary purpose of the Revision is
to update the Radio Regulations to take
into account the present technological
state of the art and the increasing demands on these frequencies.
The Partial Revision (except for the
Frequency Allotment Plan itself, which
will take effect at 0001 hours GMT on
February 1, 1983) went into force on
September 1, 1979, for Governments that
had notified the Secretary General of the
International Telecommunication Union
of their approval by that date. I believe
that the United States should be a party
to the Partial Revision, and it is my hope
that the Senate will take early action on
the Revision and give its advice and consent to ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 24, 1980.
NOTE: The message was announced on January 28.
Budget Message
Remarks at the Signing Ceremony.
January 28, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. We've come together
this morning to have the official signing of
the budget for our Nation for fiscal year
1981. I will send this document to the
Congress at noon today. But first I want to
express my deep thanks to Jim McIntyre,
the Director of the Office of Management
and Budget; to Bill Miller, Secretary of
Treasury; to Charlie Schultze, my economic adviser; and to others who participated in this preparation.
This is much more than just an accounting document. Indeed, it spells out, for
next year and for many years to come, the
basic goals of our Nation, what we hope
to achieve. It requires an extremely fine
sense of sensitivity in establishing priorities, because of the intense pressures from
different interest groups for a particular
allocation of funds. The final budget document comprises in my own judgment as
President the best balance of priorities for
our entire country.
This requires a great deal of leadership
in dealing with the members of the interest groups in the private sector; also in
dealing with the various Federal agencies
who have put forward their proposals in
the strongest possible terms. I think we've
come up with a very fine, balanced document, which does indeed spell out a fine
life for the American people in years to
come.
There are a few items that I should
emphasize. This budget encompasses a
strong commitment to our defense. As
spelled out to the Congress late last fall,
this will encompass about a 5-percent increase in budget authority, in real terms
above and beyond inflation, for fiscal year
1981, compared to fiscal year 1980.
In addition, we have a strong commitment to energy. A major portion of the
funds to be allocated for energy purposes
will come from the windfall profits tax,
now in the final stages of deliberation by
the Congress. This money will go for increased production of energy in our coun
225
Jan. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
try; for the alleviation of the fiscal burden
on the shoulders of poor people by increasing energy costs; for research and
development in the energy field; for increased transportation; and of course, in
addition to that, for the conservation
effort, which is greater than any this country or the world, indeed, has ever seen.
We are quite concerned about the
quality of life of Americans in the longrange future and also want to increase the
productivity of the American industrial
complex. So, this budget encompasses a
heavy commitment to research and
development.
The last point I want to make is that
we have still a very serious blight on the
American social and economic scene in
high unemployment among young people.
This budget in subsequent years will encompass major initiatives in increasing the
job opportunities for young people, and
the training that might prepare them for
permanent jobs, primarily in the private
sector.
There's one overwhelming characteristic of this budget: above and beyond all
other domestic issues, the control of inflation is the most important. This is a
fairly stringent budget. There is no waste
in it that we could possibly eliminate. It
has, as one of its prime characteristics, a
marked reduction in the Federal deficit.
We have cut the Federal deficit since 1976
by $50 billion, and this is a budget which
has the lowest deficit in 7 years. As a matter of fact, in 1976 the percentage of our
GNP covered by the Federal deficit was
4.6 percent. This budget encompasses a
deficit of six-tenths of 1 percent, a major
reduction. As a matter of fact, if we are
pleasantly surprised-I'm not predicting
this-and if the economy does stay strong
enough that the unemployment level
would remain as it is now, a little bit less
than 6 percent, we would have a surplus
in the budget for 1981. I'm not predicting
that, but it shows what a stringent budget
it is.
This is not an easy thing to accomplish.
We have to fight off sometimes very
powerful special interest groups who are
constantly trying to derive some benefit
for themselves at the expense of the general public. Even in the case of removing
unwarranted Federal regulation from the
private sector, there is an inclination to
have protections for these special elements
of our society at the expense of the consumers and at the expense of competition
on which our free enterprise system is
based. We are going to continue to fight
off these special interest groups and keep
the budget deficit down, and keep a wellbalanced presentation to the Congress for
the future of our Nation.
I'm very pleased with this budget. It's
the result of an awful lot of work. And I
particularly want to express my thanks to
all of the staff members standing behind
me, representing primarily the Office of
Management and Budget and the Department of the Treasury. And Jim, it's
with a great deal of pleasure now that I
sign this budget; one copy to go to the
Vice President, who is the President of
the U.S. Senate, which I'll sign first.
A copy to go to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives.
And a copy for the official files of the
Office of Management and Budget.
Now all you've got to do is get it passed
through Congress without change.
[Laughter] Jim, congratulations. Do you
want to say just a word?
MR. MCINTYRE. Mr. President, I would
agree with you that this is an appropriate
budget to meet our national concerns.
And I'd like to thank you for your support
in this process, because you've had to say
no a lot of times also. I appreciate that
very much. I'd also like to thank the staff
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
at OMB for their dedication and their
professionalism and hard work in putting
this budget together. They've done a
superb job.
THE PRESIDENT. It's been a good team
effort.
MR. MCINTYRE. Yes, sir, it has.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, again, I want
to express my thanks to all of you. Now
it's time to start working on 1982.
[Laughter]
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:31 a.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House.
Budget Message
Message to the Congress Transmitting the
Fiscal Year 1981 Budget. January 28, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
This budget for 1981 is prudent and
responsible. It continues the strategy of
restraint that I proposed, and the Congress accepted, for the 1980 budget. At the
same time it proposes selected, essential
increases in areas of high priority and
great national concern. In this way it
seeks a balance between our needs for
budgetary restraint and our needs for specific expenditures. I expect the Congress
to support it.
Total outlays for 1981 proposed by this
budget are $615.8 billion, an increase of
9%. After allowing for inflation, this
budget is virtually level with 1980 spending. Total receipts for 1981 are estimated
to be $600 billion. In view of current economic conditions, the only major revenue proposal included in the budget is
my windfall profit tax now before the
Congress.
Thus, I am proposing a deficit of $15.8
billion, the lowest deficit in 7 years. This
reduces the deficit by 60% in comparison
to 1980. More significantly, it is $50 billion less than when I first ran for the Presidency. As a percentage of the budget, and
of the gross national product, the 1981
deficit is the second lowest of the last
decade.
Economic projections deeply affect this
budget. It appears today that the long
economic recovery occurring throughout
my first term may falter this year. I have
therefore assumed that there will be some
decline in GNP during the course of 1980,
followed by renewed but moderate growth
in 1981. As a result, budget receipts will
be reduced and certain expenditures will
increase automatically. This is why the
1981 budget is in deficit. If, contrary to
our assumptions, the economy were to
perform strongly enough to keep the unemployment rate at its current level, the
1981 budget would be in surplus.
We must monitor the economic outlook carefully. If the economy begins to
deteriorate significantly, I will consider
tax reductions and temporary spending
programs for job creation targeted toward
particular sectors of economic stress. But
I believe current economic conditions
argue for restraint.
I believe that this judgment and this
budget recognize that equitable budget
restraint is essential in our efforts to control inflation; that the unemployed should
not bear the costs of our anti-inflation
efforts; and most importantly, that we
continue to pursue the goals of full employment, price stability, and balanced
growth. The fiscal and program policies in
this budget are essential, I believe, if we
are to move rapidly toward these goals in
the 1980's.
Indeed, the restraint proposed in this
budget is essential to achieve these goals.
The unacceptably high inflation now prevailing is clearly due to many, deeply imbedded, long-term forces. Countering this
227
Jan. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
THE BUDGET TOTALS
[In billions of dollars]
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
actual estimate estimate estimate estimate
Budget receipts.............
Budget outlays.............
Surplus or deficit ( —).......
Budget authority.....
466 524
494 564
-28 -40
557 654
600
616
-16
691
686
+5
799
774
+25
696 775 868
inflation involves sustained action across
a wide spectrum.
* We must reduce our dependence
upon foreign oil.
* We must enhance our economy's productivity.
* We must continue our efforts to foster
competition and innovation through
further deregulation.
* We must sustain compliance with the
administration's wage and price
guidelines.
But none of these efforts can succeed
unless Federal spending is controlled. By
continuing a clear and consistent policy
of restraint, the 1981 budget insures that
the Federal budget will not be an inflationary force in the economy.
Although I have kept spending in this
budget from rising in real terms, I have
found it necessary to increase funds in a
few critical areas. The most important of
these are defense, energy, basic research,
and the training and employment of our
Nation's young people.
Defense.-The long decline in real
spending for defense that began in 1969
has been reversed. The uncertain and
sometimes hostile world we live in requires that we continue to rebuild our defense forces. The United States will
continue to seek peaceful means to settle
international disputes. But I cannot ignore
the major increases in Soviet military
spending that have taken place inexorably over the past 20 years. I cannot ignore
our commitment to our NATO allies for
mutual real increases in our investment in
national defense. I cannot ignore the implications of terrorism in Iran, or Soviet
aggression in Afghanistan.
Therefore, my budget proposes a defense program in 1981 of $158.2 billion in
budget authority, an increase of over 5%
in real terms. Outlays for defense will be
$142.7 billion, a real increase of over 3%.
Moreover, I am committed as a matter
of fundamental policy to continued real
increases in defense; and I plan increases
in my defense budgets through 1985. Over
the period 1981-85, I am proposing that
the defense program level of the United
States increase by $90 billion.
Energy.-This budget reflects the important progress made by my administration toward a broad and practical program dealing with the energy problems the
Nation will face in the next decade. I am
confident, and the 1981 budget assumes,
that early in the 1980 session the Congress
will pass the crucial measures I proposed
last year: the windfall profit tax, the
Energy Security Corporation, the con
228
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Administration of jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
servation measures, and the Energy Mobilization Board.
With this budget we will have put into
place an energy program composed of the
following elements:
(1) Realistic pricing and fair taxes.My decontrol decision of last April is
now in effect. It is painful, and no one
can pretend otherwise. But we cannot
have an energy program that maintains
illusions. Energy is not cheap, and we
must accept that fact.
My windfall profit tax, to be passed
early this year, retains a portion of the
profits from energy price increases for the
public. This will insure that increased
energy prices will lead to new public investment in energy production. It will insure also that the burdens of higher energy
costs are fairly shared.
(2) Conservation.-The 1981 budget
allocates resources for tax incentives, lowinterest subsidized loans, and other measures to stimulate more conservation. Conservation is the quickest and cheapest step
we can take to confront our energy problem.
(3) Production.-This budget anticipates the creation of the Energy Security
Corporation to facilitate the development
of synthetic fuels and a major new gasohol
program. It also supports continued new
investments in those energy initiatives begun in the last two budgets. We are significantly increasing our expenditures on
fossil fuels, on solar energy, and on nuclear
fusion. Nuclear fission research, on the
other hand, declines, while greater emphasis is placed on solving the current
problems of nuclear power.
(4) Protection.-As we adjust to the
new energy realities, we must continue to
protect those who are most vulnerable.
The 1981 budget continues to provide
funds for the poor to weatherize their
homes; funds to enable the most disadvantaged Americans to cope with the rising cost of energy; and funds for energy
crisis assistance.
My energy program is, of necessity, a
long-term one. But if it is sustained
through the new decade, we will reduce
consumption, increase production from
domestic sources, and promote alternate
forms of energy. We will significantly reduce our dangerous reliance upon foreign
oil. We will remove a major source of
inflation. Our economy and our Nation
will emerge from the 1980's stronger than
they are now.
Basic research.-In the long run, economic growth depends critically on technological development. For many years,
this country has led the world in producing new technology. We are in danger of
losing this leadership. The 1981 budget
continues my long-standing commitment
to reverse the trends of the past two decades and provide for major and sustained
increases-above the rate of inflationfor research and development programs.
Obligations for research and development
will increase by 13% for basic research
by 12%o. Since 1978, obligations for basic
research will have increased by 40%. I
believe that these are among the most
important expenditures we can make. The
payoff, particularly for basic research, is
long-term, but immense. We benefit today-in new industries, in millions of jobs,
in lives saved, and in lives protectedfrom the investments in science made decades ago. We must continue such investments today to reap similar returns
tomorrow.
Human resources.-My budget, restrained as it is, provides needed support
to those Americans who are most in need.
Most of the increase in the 1981 budget
over 1980 is due to the automatic cost-of
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Jan. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
living increases in entitlement programs
that provide income to the poor and the
elderly. I have continued and improved
these programs. In addition, I have proposed discretionary increases in a wide
range of programs affecting those in our
society who are the most disadvantaged.
The budget includes $687 million for
proposals to expand health services to the
poor and the underserved, including $403
million to provide medicaid eligibility for
2 million additional low-income children
and approximately 100,000 pregnant
women. The budget also includes a 24%o
increase in subsidized housing programs
and a 24% increase in elementary and
secondary education programs for the disadvantaged. Overall, I am proposing an
increase of $7 billion in aid to the poor to
protect them against the effects of
inflation.
At the same time, I am proposing a
major initiative that will enable our Nation's disadvantaged youth to receive a
strong basic education, to find and keep
a job. This is a critically important time
for this initiative. In the 1980's, the number of youths entering the labor market
will fall. If the young people of the 1980's
are prepared, they will be able to find
good jobs and build productive lives. My
initiative will make this preparation possible. It will couple a strong emphasis on
basic education with significant employment opportunity. For those young people who participate, the programs will be
tough and challenging. But they will be
extremely worthwhile. Those who complete them will have a major advantage
where it counts-in the permanent job
market. I consider this investment in
human resources for the 1980's to be as
important as the investments I am proposing for basic research. It is an investment in our most precious resource-the
energies and talents of America's young
people.
Agriculture.-Because of the aggression by the Soviet Union against Afghanistan, I concluded that we could not now
permit that country to benefit from our
productive agriculture. On January 4, I
announced the suspension of shipments of
grain, soybeans, and their byproducts to
the Soviet Union. This budget reflects the
steps necessary to avoid the devastating
effects such action could have had on our
farmers and grain shippers. Specifically,
the Secretary of Agriculture will:
* purchase contracts entered into with
the Soviet Union at prices at or above
those prevailing on January 4;
* if necessary, take title to the grain intended for export to the Soviet
Union and isolate it from the market;
* purchase up to 4 million metric tons
of wheat for an international food
aid reserve;
* increase the loan level for feed grains
and wheat by 10 and 15 cents per
bushel, respectively; and
* modify the farmer-owned grain reserve to encourage farmers to place
additional grain in the reserve.
On January 19, I announced, as additional steps to avoid the impact of suspension of shipments, that the Government
would:
* increase the 1980 and 1981 Public
Law 480 programs in order to increase grain shipments abroad; and
* purchase corn directly at local levels
to stabilize cash markets and alleviate
transportation backups.
I stand ready to take further steps if
these actions prove insufficient.
Other commitments.-In other important areas, the 1981 budget reflects the
reorganization accomplishments of the
administration; continues the significant
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
progress already experienced in urban and
community development; expresses my
commitments to welfare reform and a national health plan, programs that will
begin in future budget years; and reaffirms my dedication to improved Federal budgeting and management:
The budget anticipates that my welfare
reform proposals will take full effect in
1982, and my national health plan proposal in 1983. Taken together, these
programs provide income support and
assured health care to all Americans in
need. My national health plan-which
will be phased into operation prudently,
consistent with the state of our economyminimizes direct governmental control
over health care, restrains the growth of
Government, and provides maximum individual choice. I am continuing to seek
enactment of my hospital cost containment proposal, which I believe is an essential part of any national health plan.
When fully enacted, these two proposals-welfare reform and the national
health plan-will significantly and permanently improve the lives and prospects
of all Americans.
The 1981 budget includes a $15.5 billion allocation for the new Department of
Education, which the Congress has approved. The establishment of this Department will require a great deal of effort in
the short run, but it will give our system
of education the consistent attention and
high priority it deserves.
This budget also continues the improvement in the budget process I promised 4 years ago. In the 1979 budget we
introduced zero-base budgeting, a system
we have now used in three budgets to assure the allocation of scarce public
resources to the most critical areas. Last
year, in the 1980 budget, we moved to
multiyear budgeting. My budget again
this year shows not only decisions for 1981,
but the effect of those decisions-in detail-for 1982 and 1983. To the extent
feasible, the multiyear budget projects also
the future costs of programs such as the
national health plan, welfare reform, defense, energy, and research and development.
This year I have installed a central system to control the use of Federal credit.
In the past, too much has escaped the
normal discipline of the budget. This system, which is now in place, recommends
specific credit limitations for most credit
programs.
The new system of credit control will
permit both the administration and the
Congress to improve their understanding
of the credit programs, to measure their
important effects, and to determine appropriate levels of credit activity.
THE CREDIT BUDGET TOTALS
[In billions of dollars]
1979 1980 1981
actual estimate estimate
New direct loan obligations.......................... 51. 4 59. 7 60. 7
New loan guarantee commitments...................... 74. 7 75. 2 81. 4
Total...................................... 126. 1 134. 9 142. 1
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This budget reflects continued efforts to
improve financial management in Government and to stop illegal or improper
use of taxpayers' money. We are achieving
major savings from better cash management and stronger internal auditing in
Federal agencies.
Conclusions.-Proposing a responsible
Federal budget is a fundamental task of
public leadership. The budget must reconcile a broad range of legitimate claims
for resources with the needs of the economy and the burdens on the taxpayer.
Simultaneously, it must:
* respect past commitments in its allocations to social security, to veterans,
and to the elderly;
* meet the needs of the present for defense, unemployment benefits, and
health services; and
* invest in the future through research
and development, energy programs,
and education.
The budget must do all of these things
specifically and in detail. A budget rests
on specific proposals related to specific
costs, not on rhetoric.
A budget also rests on policy. And this
budget contains important policy decisions-major departures, new initiatives,
larger and longer-term commitments.
Each stands on its own merit. Yet taken
together all of the proposals in this budget
can also be characterized in a more general way. They reflect the maturing of the
administration's basic, consistent underlying policy themes: restraint in budgeting
the taxpayers' dollars; the strengthening
of our defense; providing energy for the
future; improving opportunities for the
Nation's youth; and making Government
work better.
Ours is a great and complex nation.
The existing arrangements in our society
are the result of complex, not always con
sistent decisions of the past, emerging
from a democratic people. Change is
sometimes slow because it rests on consent. But intelligent, consistent leadership,
persistently applied, can bring about
change in policies and further the wellbeing of our society and of its people. I
believe that this budget, and those I have
submitted in the past, support the fundamental policies that will prepare America
for the new decade.
JIMMY CARTER
January 28, 1980.
NOTE: The President's message is printed in the
report entitled "The Budget of the United
States Government, Fiscal Year 1981" (Government Printing Office, 636 pages).
National Petroleum
Reserve in Alaska
Letter to Congressional Committee Chairmen
Transmitting Reports and Proposed
Legislation. January 28, 1980
Dear Mr. Chairman:
Pursuant to section 105(b) of the Naval
Petroleum Reserves Production Act of
1976, I am herewith transmitting a study
report, with accompanying legislative
recommendations, on procedures for the
exploration and development of potentially significant petroleum resources of
the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska.
I am also transmitting a report by the
Attorney General on the anticipated effects of the proposed legislation on competition, as required by section 106 of
that Act.
The study report and the legislative
recommendations represent a multiagency
effort led by the Department of the Interior to examine alternative resource
values and land uses within the 24-million
acre Reserve. Extensive participation by
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
the State of Alaska and other interested
groups was encouraged.
The legislation I am transmitting provides that the Reserve be redesignated the
Western Arctic Management Area and
that it be managed under principles of
multiple use as set forth in the Federal
Land Policy and Management Act of
1976. Existing restrictions on commercial
exploration and development of oil and
gas resources would be lifted in favor of
an environmentally responsible leasing
program. Special protection of important
wildlife and other natural resources will
be provided in the Colville River Valley,
Utokok River and Uplands, Teshekpuk
Lake, and Icy Cape/Kasegaluk Lagoon
areas. An initial lease sale will be held
within 20 months of enactment of the
proposed legislation.
A more complete description of the important elements of the legislation is contained in Secretary Andrus' letter to me
of January 16, 1980, which I am transmitting as an integral part of my recommendations.
This proposed legislation provides a
sound and sensitive balancing of energy
development with conservation of wildlife and other resources. In my judgment,
oil and gas exploration and production
from the Reserve can be achieved most
quickly and at least cost to the Nation
through a Federally managed leasing
program. This legislation provides the authority for such a program while retaining appropriate protection for the fragile
Arctic ecosystem. I urge early congressional action on the proposal.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Henry M. Jackson, chairman of the
Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and Morris K. Udall, chairman of the
House Committee on Interior and Insular
Affairs.
National Petroleum
Reserve in Alaska
Statement on Proposed Legislation.
January 28, 1980
Today I have sent the Congress legislation calling for a private oil and gas leasing program for the National Petroleum
Reserve in Alaska. A vital element of my
energy program is to accelerate domestic
energy production as a means to lessen our
dependence on foreign oil and increase
this Nation's energy security. We must
make greater use of America's abundant
natural resources, including oil, if we are
to succeed in our struggle to win the energy fight.
To stimulate increased oil production
here at home, I have already decontrolled
the price of domestically produced
"heavy" crude oil, implemented a phasing
out of oil price controls for conventional
crude oil, and stepped up the leasing
schedule for oil production from the U.S.
Outer Continental Shelf. The proposal
sent to the Congress today will be another
step in our overall plan of accelerating
domestic energy production.
The National Petroleum Reserve in
Alaska is situated on the Arctic North
Slope of Alaska and in size is larger than
the combined acreage of Massachusetts,
Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, and Delaware. My proposal
will rename the Reserve the Western
Arctic Management Area under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior's
Bureau of Land Management. The area
will be managed under the principles of
multiple use. This region has been the site
of substantial Government-sponsored oil
exploration since 1923. It was in that year
that President Harding first set the area
aside as a Naval Petroleum Reserve and
directed the U.S. Navy to explore and
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Jan. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
manage the area. Based on the data gathered by the Navy and the Interior Department since then, the Reserve is
believed to have promising oil and gas potential, with current estimates projecting
an average of 7 billion barrels of oil and
14 trillion cubic feet of gas in place. It is
my belief that exploration and development of these resources can be achieved
most quickly and at least cost to the Government by a federally managed private
leasing program. I am encouraged by the
prospects that this proposal has for bringing into production badly needed domestic oil and gas.
When enacted, the legislation will provide for an accelerated leasing schedule,
with the first competitive bids taking
place 20 months after passage of the legislation. This is the minimum amount of
time required to allow for development of
necessary land management plans, environmental assessments, and lease sale
preparation.
I am also confident that this legislation
contains sufficient protection for the fragile arctic environment found there; because not only does this area of Alaska
hold promise for oil development, but it
possesses unique surface resources, including magnificent wildlife populations, native cultural and archeological heritage,
scenic grandeur, and recreational opportunities. The land use plan which will be
developed will direct special attention to
these resources and will be designed especially to protect wildlife from adverse
effects of exploration and drilling operations.
The proposal is a well-balanced one. It
will expedite oil and gas development and
ensure the protection of the other natural
resources of the area. It is in the interests
of our Nation's security, and I urge early
congressional action on this legislation.
Save Your Vision Week, 1980
Proclamation 4718. January 28, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Good vision, like good health generally,
contributes much to the enjoyment of
life. Our ability to see affects how we
learn, how we work and play, how we
relate to others, and how well we are able
to function in an increasingly complex
society. Yet most people take good eyesight for granted. Just as we have come to
recognize the need to take a more active
role in maintaining the health of our
bodies through diet and exercise, we
should also take time to consider what can
be done to take care of our eyes and to
protect our vision. With proper care and
attention, many of the serious eye problems that affect both young and old can
be prevented.
Prevention of eye disease begins even
before birth with adequate nutrition and
prenatal care for the mother. During early
childhood and later in life, periodic eye
examinations can reveal certain potentially blinding eye conditions early enough
to permit successful treatment. This is
particularly true in families where there
is a history of glaucoma or in people who
have diabetes. With professional eye care,
it is even possible to restore sight to some
people who are already blind or to help
those with partial sight make the most of
their remaining vision.
In addition to obtaining professional
eye care when needed, each of us must
take responsibility for protecting our eyes
from injury. Protective eyeglasses or safety
goggles should be worn in hazardous situations at work and while participating in
234
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 28
many recreational activities. In the home,
precautions should be taken to avoid injury to the eyes from household products,
appliances, and cosmetics.
To increase awareness of the importance of good vision and of the ways in
which we can help to preserve our eyesight, the Congress, by joint resolution approved December 30, 1963 (77 Stat. 629,
36 U.S.C. 169a), has requested the President to proclaim the first week of March
of each year as Save Your Vision Week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate the week beginning
March 2, 1980, as Save Your Vision
Week. I urge all Americans to participate
in the observance of this period by pausing
to consider what they can do to take care
of their eyes. I invite vision care professionals, the communications media, educators, and all public and private organizations that support sight conservation
to participate in activities that will teach
Americans about eye care and encourage
them to take steps to preserve and make
the most of their vision.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day of
January, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred eighty, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:55 p.m., January 28, 1980]
Budget Deferrals and Rescissions
Message to the Congress. January 28,1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report
two proposals to rescind a total of $122.2
million in budget authority previously
provided by the Congress. In addition, I
am reporting five new deferrals of budget
authority totalling $1,028.5 million and
ten revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by
$598.6 million.
The rescission proposals affect programs in the Department of the Interior
and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
The new -deferrals and revisions to existing deferrals involve programs in the
Departments of Commerce, Defense,
Health, Education and Welfare, the Interior, Justice, State, Transportation, the
Treasury, and the National Alcohol Fuels
Commission.
The details of each rescission proposal
and deferral are contained in the attached
reports.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
January 28, 1980.
NOTE: The attachments detailing the deferrals and rescissions are printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of January 31, 1980.
Securities and Exchange
Commission
Nomination of Stephen J. Friedman To Be a
Member. January 28, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Stephen J. Friedman,
of New York City, as a member of the
Securities and Exchange Commission. He
would replace Roberta Karmel, who has
resigned.
Friedman is a securities lawyer and has
been a partner in the New York firm of
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Jan. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Debevois, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates
since 1979.
He was born March 19, 1938, in Brooklyn, N.Y. He received an A.B. from
Princeton University in 1959 and an
LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1962.
From 1963 to 1964, Friedman was law
clerk to Justice William Brennan of the
U.S. Supreme Court. From 1964 to 1965,
he was Special Assistant to the Maritime
Administrator at the Commerce Department.
Friedman was with the firm of
Debevois, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates
from 1965 to 1977, and was a partner
from 1971 to 1977. From 1974 to 1977,
he was also a lecturer in advanced securities regulation and corporate finance at
Columbia Law School. From 1977 to
1979, he was Deputy Assistant Secretary
of the Treasury for Capital Markets
Policy.
United States Ambassador
to Hungary
Nomination of Harry E. Bergold, Jr.
January 29, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Harry E. Bergold, Jr., of
Washington, D.C., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Hungary. He would replace Philip M. Kaiser, who is transferring
to another post.
Bergold has been Assistant Secretary
of Energy for International Affairs since
1977.
He was born November 11, 1931, in
Olean, N.Y. He received an A.B. (1953)
and M.A. (1957) from Yale University.
He served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to
1956.
Bergold joined the Foreign Service in
1957 and served in Tegucigalpa, San
Pedro Sula, Mexico, D.F., and at the State
Department. He was a political officer in
Madrid from 1967 to 1972 and in Panama
from 1972 to 1973.
From 1973 to 1976, Bergold was detailed to the Defense Department, where
he served as Deputy Assistant Secretary
for European and NATO Affairs, then
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Legislative Affairs. He was detailed to the
White House in 1977.
International Communication
Agency
Nomination of Mary G. F. Bitterman To
Be an Associate Director. January 29, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Mary G. F. Bitterman,
of Honolulu, Hawaii, to be an Associate
Director of the International Communication Agency. She would replace R. Peter
Straus, resigned, and her area of responsibility would be broadcasting.
Bitterman has been executive director
and general manager of the Hawaii Public Broadcasting Authority since 1974.
She was born May 29, 1944, in San
Jose, Calif. She received a B.A. from the
University of Santa Clara in 1966 and an
M.A. (1968) and Ph. D. (1971) from
Bryn Mawr College.
From 1969 to 1971, she was a lecturer
in history at the University of South
Florida. From 1971 to 1972, she was a
research associate in Hawaiian history
and lecturer in history at the University
of Hawaii. From 1972 to 1974, she was
project manager for the Hawaii Environmental Simulation Laboratory at the
University of Hawaii.
Bitterman is chairman of the board of
governors of the East-West Center, and
serves on the Public Broadcasting Service
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 29
(PBS) program committee, transponder
allocation committee, and legislative planning committee. She is vice chairman of
the board of directors of the National
Association of Educational Broadcasters.
Patent and Trademark Office
Nomination of Margaret Muth Laurence To
Be an Assistant Commissioner.
January 29, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Margaret Muth Laurence,
of Annandale, Va., to be an Assistant
Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks. She would replace Sidney
Diamond.
Laurence has been of counsel with the
firm of Millen and White in Arlington,
Va., since 1978.
She was born April 30, 1916, in Evansville, Ind. She received an LL.B. from
Blackistone College of Law in 1952.
From 1944 to 1956, she was an associate with the law firm of Laurence,
Vanderkilen & Miller (then Laurence,
Woodhams & Mills). From 1956 to 1976,
she practiced law with the firms of
Laurence & Laurence, Laurence, Hueschen & Laurence, and Laurence, Laurence & Neilan. From 1976 to 1978, she
was in private practice as a patents and
trademarks attorney. Since 1974 she has
been a consultant to the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Board of the U.S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission.
National Council on the Arts
Nomination of Three Members.
January 29, 1980
The President today.announced three
persons whom he will nominate to be
members of the National Council on the
Arts for terms expiring September 3, 1980.
They are:
JAMES E. BARNETT, of Atlanta, Ga., vice chairman of the State of Georgia Board of Medical Assistance. Barnett is a member of the
Georgia Council of the Arts and Humanities and is active in civil and cultural groups.
LEONARD L. FARBER, president of Leonard L.
Farber, Inc., a Fort Lauderdale, Fla., real
estate firm, active in civic and community
affairs.
SANDRA J. HALE, of Minneapolis, an assistant
professor at Metropolitan State University
and a member of the Minnesota State Arts
Board since 1973.
Saint Lawrence Seaway
Development Corporation
Nomination of Two Members of the
Advisory Board. January 29, 1980
The President today announced two
persons whom he will nominate to be
members of the Advisory Board of the
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation. 'They are:
CONRAD M. FREDIN, a Duluth, Minn., attorney
who has been a member and president of
the board of commissioners of the Seaway
Port of Duluth and has also served on the
Duluth City Charter Commission and Civil
Service Board.
FRANCIS ALBERT KORNEGAY, of Detroit, president of the Detroit Urban League and active
in community affairs.
California Debris Commission
Nomination of Col. Paul F. Kavanaugh To
Be a Member. January 29, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Paul F. Kavanaugh to be
a member of the California Debris Commission. He would replace Donald O'Shei,
reassigned.
237
Jan. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Kavanaugh, 45, is a U.S. Army colonel
with the Corps of Engineers. He is presently assigned as district engineer for the
U.S. Army Engineer District in Sacramento, Calif.
National Poison Prevention
Week, 1980
Proclamation 4719. January 29, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The past nineteen years have seen
great progress in reducing accidental
poisonings among children. Educational
programs and the use of safety packaging
have contributed considerably to the reduction in the number and severity of
poisonings.
But this progress should not occasion
complacency. It is estimated that over
80,000 children under five years of age
will accidentally ingest potentially poisonous substances during 1980. These accidents will occur because of the momentary
carelessness of parents and guardians, and
because of ignorance of poison hazards in
the home.
Protecting the lives and health of our
children requires continued vigilance and
increased efforts to educate every citizen
to the dangers of accidental ingestion of
drugs and common household products.
By joint resolution of September 26, 1961
(75 Stat. 681, 36 U.S.C. 165), Congress
has requested the President to issue annually a proclamation designating the
third week in March as National Poison
Prevention Week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
designate the week beginning March 16,
1980, as National Poison Prevention
Week.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day
of January, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:55 a.m., January 30, 1980]
Meeting With President Simone
Veil of the European Parliament
White House Statement. January 29, 1980
The President met with European
Parliament President Simone Veil today.
Madame Veil, who presides over the first
directly elected European Parliament, is
heading a 23-member delegation to the
United States.
Madame Veil discussed the evolution
of the European Parliament (EP) and
the enlarged prospects it enjoys for becoming a significant social and political
force in Europe now that its members are
elected by universal suffrage. She pointed
to the recent EP resolution on Iran in support of international efforts to secure the
release of American hostages in Tehran
who continue to be held in defiance of
all accepted norms of international law.
In addition, she discussed the recent EP
resolution which condemned Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and which urged
EP member countries to reconsider the
sending of their national teams to compete
in the Moscow Olympics.
The President stressed his admiration
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 30
for the strength and vigor with which the
European Parliament is addressing
major issues of the day, and he reiterated
U.S. interest in maintaining close contacts
with this evolving institution. In that connection, the President and Madame Veil
agreed on the desirability of intensifying
transatlantic cooperation in the fields of
trade and energy, a development which
would accord with the Parliament's growing interest in international affairs.
Madame Veil expressed her personal
appreciation for the forcefulness of the
President's State of the Union message
and felt that a great number of Europeans
felt as she did.
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Editors and News Directors.
January 29, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. First of all, let me welcome you to the White House. I know
you've had a good briefing this morning
and have some more scheduled for this
afternoon.
FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET
The most important thing, I think,
that's happened in the last 2 days has
been my submission to the Congress of a
very tight budget for fiscal year 1981. This
is a budget that cuts the deficit substantially, 75 percent below what it was when
I was elected President. As a matter of
fact, when I came into office, the deficit
was about 4.6 percent of the gross national
product, and the 1981 fiscal year budget
has reduced that 4.6 percent down to sixtenths of 1 percent.
This has been in spite of severe pres
sures to continue wasteful spending in our
country. As a matter of fact, the House is
now considering a very wasteful, inflationary, pork-barrel water projects bill which
would cost the taxpayers about $4.3 billion, and include about 125 water projects
that are not needed, in my opinion, the
total value of which would be about $2.5
billion. Many of these projects have not
even been assessed by either the Department of Interior or by the Corps of Engineers. They've just been added in to build
up a very large and wasteful bill that has
projects covering about 70 percent of all
the congressional districts in the Nation.
This is a bill that also opens up a Pandora's box for possible wasteful spending
in the future, because it includes complete
Federal financing, for instance, for our
local water systems. This is something
that's always in the past been a responsibility of local governments with some Federal assistance. This could cost about $10
billion more in the future if it establishes
a precedent.
I intend to oppose these kinds of threats
to our Federal budget and believe that we
have an attitude in our Nation that will
support my position on these restrictive
spending measures. The budget does include adequate financing for defense. It
includes a very fine program for energy.
It includes research and development and
other commitments to a long-range restoration of our economic viability. And of
course, we have one major new domestic
program in the youth employment bill.
But I'm very insistent that this budget be
protected and that pork-barrel bills and
other wasteful bills, like the ones I've described to you, will not be passed.
It might be better for me now to answer your questions about this or other
matters, and I'll try to keep my answers
239
Jan. 30
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
brief so I can get as many questions as
possible.
QUESTIONS
U.S. CARIBBEAN POLICY
Q. Mr. President, Tomas Regalado,
from Miami. In the Caribbean there are
about 43 oil refineries and a lot of islands
who are becoming independent. Now
there is Cuba as a Soviet military base.
Do you consider the Caribbean an area
of vital interest of the United States?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously, the
Caribbean is of great interest to our country and is our closest group of neighbors.
I see no military threat to the integrity of
the nations in the Caribbean from an outside force and therefore don't consider it
to be necessary to define it as one of vital
interest where military action by our own
country would be necessary to defend it.
But the economic ties, the ties of mutual
security, the ties of friendship, tourism,
kinship by blood, with large numbers of
Caribbean citizens living in our Nation,
all make it a very important area to our
country. But I would not want to threaten
military force there.
NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL
Q. Mr. President, Mr. Eizenstat this
morning indicated that in about 2 weeks
you'll be submitting a proposal to Congress dealing with nuclear waste disposal.
Could you give us any indication at this
time what exactly you will be proposing?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think it would
be ill-advised for me to try to spell out in
detail what it will be. I have approved
the basic elements of the waste disposal
proposal to Congress, and now they are
being put into legal format so that they
can be presented officially. It will be a
long-range program consisting of a careful analysis over a several year period. It
would involve the approval of the waste
disposal sites by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission. It would involve disposal for
both military-derived wastes and also
those derived from the production of
power. It would encompass the means of
coordinating our disposal efforts not only
with Federal officials but also State and
local officials.
It's an extremely complicated proposal
that we've been working on now for almost 2 years. This comes more than 35
years after a Federal program was necessary for a nuclear waste disposal policy.
And I hope that the Congress will consider it rapidly. But I think that outline
is probably adequate for the present time.
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
Q. Last week TVA Chairman Dave
Freeman urged all TVA employees, including Directors, to continue the long
tradition of avoiding partisan politics. He
was answered the next day by Director
Bob Clement, who endorsed you. Both of
them are your appointees. Do you have
any comment?
THE PRESIDENT. No. I think it would
be ill-advised to get the TVA involved in
partisan politics. It just happens that all
three members now have been appointed
by me. They were not chosen, as you
know, on a political basis. I think they're
all qualified persons.
We've tried to work very closely with
TVA. In fact, just recently, Doug Costle,
the director of the Environmental Protection Agency, went down to meet with
Dave Freeman and others to work out for
the future a better means by which TVA
could not only provide necessary services
for an entire region of the Nation, including where I live, but also could set an
example for conservation efforts and also
for the honoring of requirements on the
protection of the quality of air and water.
240, M
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 30
But I think it would be better for the
TVA to avoid any involvement in partisan politics.
INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES
Q. In response to your State of the
Union address last week, on the CIA: Do
you think Congress is going to be willing
to revamp their reporting roles in letting
them do some work they visualize in
doing?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think so. We
obviously don't want to wipe out all restraints on the intelligence agencies. We
want to be accountable not only to the
Congress but to the American people.
And obviously I have to have the ultimate
responsibility for any violations of propriety that might be threatened by the
intelligence agencies. But I think there
has been an excessive requirement for reporting in the past. There's been an excessive requirement for the revelation of
highly sensitive documents. And there's
been an excessive restraint on what the
CIA and other intelligence groups could
do. But we'll be very cautious, as we
evolve this new charter, not to permit any
improprieties by the CIA in the future.
The Executive order that I issued after
I'd been in office for about a year or so is
the basis for the kind of charter principles
that we personally favor. And I will be
meeting, by the way, with the Intelligence
Committee members tomorrow, some of
them, to iron out any remaining differences of opinion between my own administration and the Congress. But I think
there's a fairly good meeting of the minds
already on what originally seemed to be
some very sharp divisions of opinion.
U.S. POLICY IN PERSIAN GULF AREA
Q. Mr. President, in view of our having drawn the line, so to speak, in the
Middle East, can you reassure us, and I
hope everyone in the Nation, that we do
indeed have what it takes militarily to
draw that line and to make it stick?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we can protect
our interests there. Obviously we don't
intend and never have claimed to have
the ability unilaterally to defeat any
threat to that region with ease. What we
called for was an analysis by all those
nations who are there who might be
threatened. We'll cooperate with them, as
they request and as they desire, to
strengthen their own defense capabilities.
Secondly, we'll be coordinating our efforts with nations who are not located in
the region, but who are heavily dependent, even more than we are, on an uninterrupted supply of oil from that region.
Third, we'll be arousing the consciousness
of the other nations in the world to condemn any threat to the peace of that
region. And the last thing is that we'll be
increasing both our own military capability and our own military presence in the
region surrounding Southwest Asia, the
Persian Gulf and the Middle East.
But I don't think it would be accurate
for me to claim that at this time, or in
the future, we expect to have enough
military strength and enough military
presence there to defend the region unilaterally, absent the kind of cooperation
that I've described to you.
Q. Mr. President, we heard Mr. Aaron
prior to this meeting. He spoke of the continuing challenge in the Persian Gulf
area and spoke of sacrifices that the American public is going to be called on to
make in the long-term future. Can you
enumerate any of those sacrifices?
THE PRESIDENT. What kind of channels
did you say? I couldn't quite hear you.
Q. Challenge to the American people,
to the United States.
THE PRESIDENT. Oh, challenge. Well,
I think the sacrifices have already been
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delineated fairly well by me. It will require some commitment to an increased
defense capability. It will require the
Americans to help finance the kind of
common effort that I just outlined in the
previous question, to maintain the stability and independence of the nations there.
On occasion it will require foreign aid,
both of an economic and military type, if
the countries involved can't finance their
own legitimate needs, as judged by us,
including the Congress, of course.
We will have to cut down on our dependence on Mideast oil, in fact imported
oil in general, and this will require what I
think is a very beneficial sacrifice by the
American people, both to produce more
energy here at home and to cut down on
the waste of energy that's presently prevailing in our country. I think the prime
consideration, though, will be for the sustained commitment of the American
people, in the spirit of unity of common
purpose, to recognize that the peace can
be maintained in the world only if we are
prepared to stay strong, both here and
overseas.
I've been pleased at the support of our
policies so far in both the Iranian and the
Afghanistan crises, and I also was pleased
less than a year ago when we were embarked on the second phase of trying to
bring peace between Israel and Egypt.
This also called upon the American people
not only to go through a sensitive negotiating period with trust and confidence in
me but also, at the conclusion of the signing of the Mideast peace treaty in May, a
substantial increase in both economic and
military aid for Israel and Egypt. I think
it was an outstanding investment, compared to what may have been called for
in the future had those two nations not
been strong, viable, and at peace with one
another.
But there's a gamut of responsibilities
that the American people must assume.
Some require increased Federal expenditures for various kinds of aid that I've just
outlined; others require just a firm, resolute will and a spirit of unity to meet a
challenge with determination, and to let
any potential aggressor know that that aggression will result in a very severe punitive action on our part and on the part
of other nations in the world.
6-YEAR TERM OF OFFICE
Q. Mr. President, given the complexity
of world issues and the time that you're
having to devote to them these days, have
you given any thought to the possibility of
a one-term, 6-year term for the Presidency as something that might be advantageous in the modern complex society, so
you wouldn't have to worry aboutTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, I've thought
about it more the last few months than I
have before. [Laughter]
As a matter of fact, I think it's accurate to say that I'm the first Democratic
President in 32 years who's had to run the
affairs of the Nation and at the same
time run a sustained political campaign.
It's an extra burden on a President that I
think every President would like to avoid.
But it's part of our political system, which
I certainly don't want to change.
I would personally favor a single 6-year
term. I don't see any great pressure on
the Congress or the American people to
make the change, but I think it would be
better. I've observed other countries that
have this kind of provision in their constitution, who are democracies-for instance Venezuela, Mexico-and it seems
to work very well. But I think that that
would be a good move.
It's not a critical need in our Nation,
but it certainly would be beneficial for me
right now.
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Jan. 30
CAMPAIGN TRAVEL PLANS
Q. Mr. President, you seem to be doing
very well just by staying home, politically
speaking. Do you have any plans to go to
New Hampshire or Massachusetts next
month?
THE PRESIDENT. I've always left that
option open, depending on how much of
my time is required here, and how much
of a realization there needs to be sustained in our Nation that we have not
forgotten the American hostages, who are
still being held at this moment, illegally,
by kidnapers, in an attempt to blackmail
our country. This is just as much a preoccupation of mine now as it was a month
ago or longer. And I have said that until
this crisis is resolved I would not conduct
partisan political campaign efforts.
But somewhere between that, which
would be like debating and going to fundraising events and so forth, and having
regional news conferences or even, say, a
regional townhall meeting, there's a wide
range of opportunities that I would have.
I don't consider myself to be confined to
the White House as such, but I do think
it's better for me, in a time with Afghanistan and with the hostages being held,
not to go out and assume the role of a
partisan political campaigner.
REGISTRATION AND THE DRAFT
Q. Mr. President, are you going to ask
Congress to draft my daughter?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any intention at this time to reinstitute the draft.
As I said in my State of the Union message, "I believe"-I think is the words I
used-"that the present volunteer force
is adequate." But I think it's good for us to
take precautionary steps in revitalizing the
Selective Service itself and commencement of registration for the draft.
Following that, if necessary, because of
changing circumstances-not under existing circumstances-there would then
be a classification of those registered to
determine who should or who should not
be called for service. And then following
that, of course, if necessary, there would
be an actual drafting of people for various kinds of service. But I see no need at
this time to move toward an actual drafting of people. But I am going to go ahead
with the registration.
Q. Would you register women for it?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, that's a question that I will answer within the next
few days. I have my own opinion now
that I'm not ready to announce. But I've
been consulting with various people in the
Defense Department and among my
women advisers. And I'll make that recommendation when the legislative proposal goes to the Congress.
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY; SOVIET INVASION OF
AFGHANISTAN
Q. Senator Kennedy said yesterday that
he is tired of seeing young men being sent
to fight the wars-or whatever-for the
failure of older men to enact good foreign
policy. How do you feel about that? He
also claimed that you knew about Afghanistan, the Russian appearance, before it
actually happened-you knew about their
moves beforehand. How do you answer
that?
THE PRESIDENT. Do I get my choice
of those questions? [Laughter]
I haven't sent any young men to fight.
I've tried to keep our country at peace.
And so far I thank God that we have not
had any American service men or women give their lives in combat since I've
been in office. I hope I can go out of this
White House with the same record intact. But I think one of the requirements
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Jan. 30
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
for that hope to be realized is to keep our
Nation strong and prepared, and to let
any potential threat to our Nation to be
identified early, and to let our national
unity and resolve be known by a potential adversary. I think, as a matter of fact,
it's been 56 years or something like that
since a President has served out a term
in the White House that he hasn't sent
young men to die in some form of combat.
But we did have adequate intelligence
prior to the Soviets' action in Afghanistan.
We knew about the degree of their buildup. We let our deep concern be expressed
directly and forcefully to the Soviet
Union. We did not know ahead of time
that they would have a massive invasion
of Afghanistan, as they did, but we did
know that they were building up a capability for it.
They ignored our warning. At the time
the invasion commenced we began to
marshal not only our own condemnation
and actions to let them realize the consequences but also to marshal the support
of other nations around the world. And I
think the unprecedented condemnation of
the Soviet Union expressed by 104 nations in the United Nations, for instance,
was a good indication that other countries also condemn the Soviet Union.
We were not caught by surprise, but
there was no way to anticipate that they
would actually invade Afghanistan. We
did know about their high presence there
and also about their buildup.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Q. Sir, one of the things that Senator
Kennedy said last night was that this administration has continued a set of Republican economic policies. Is that in
response to what you see as a more con
servative mood in the country, or do you
think that's inaccurate?
THE PRESIDENT. My record in the last
3 years has been consistent. I think the
most serious threat to our domestic
strength is from inflation. One reason is
that we've had outstanding luck in cutting down the unemployment rate and
putting Americans to work. I could quote
statistics to you, but I won't go into any
detail. We have added a net of 9 million
new jobs. We've increased black employment by 15 percent. We cut the unemployment rate by 25 percent.
At the same time we've had inflation
now for 12 years. We've tried to deal with
it in varying ways. It has increased very
modestly, if one could eliminate energy
and food. We have seen wage demands
pretty well stabilized. As a matter of fact,
wage increases for 1979 were less than
wage increases for 1978. I've tried to hold
down the increase in spending each year
and still meet the legitimate needs of our
country. I think I've been successful.
You might be interested in knowing
that in the 1960's spending in real terms
increased 3.9 percent per year. In the
1970's, before I came into office, spending in real terms each year increased an
average of 3 percent. Since I've been in
office, the spending in real terms has increased, I think, 1.3 percent. And for the
1981 budget that I just submitted, real
spending has only increased two-tenths of
1 percent.
So, we've tried to hold down unwarranted spending. But I don't think anybody could point to an element of American societal life that hasn't been adequately funded by the budgets that I have
submitted. We've tried to make up for
the tight spending limits by increased efficiency. And in my judgment we've been
successful.
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Jan. 30
Ms. BARIO. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, sir.
NOTE: The interview began at 2:02 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary.
The transcript of the interview was released
on January 30.
Economic Report
of the President
Annual Message to the Congress.
January 30, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Last year world oil prices more than
doubled. This increase will add some $200
billion to the bill for imported oil paid
by consuming nations. Higher oil prices
were the major reason for the worldwide
speedup in inflation during 1979 and the
dimming of growth prospects for 1980.
The United States was severely affected, as were other oil-importing countries. Our share of the additional oil bill
will come to almost $45 billion this year.
Partly, but not solely, because of higher
oil prices, inflation accelerated sharply.
The consumer price index rose by over 13
percent. The Nation's output of goods and
services, which had been predicted in last
year's Economic Report to grow by 2'/4
percent over the 4 quarters of 1979, rose
by less than 1 percent.
Although growth slowed, our economy
offered strong resistance to the forces of
recession. Despite virtually universal forecasts of imminent recession, output continued to rise throughout the second half
of last year. Housing sales and construction held up better than expected until
late in the year. By reducing their savings,
consumers maintained spending in the
face of the multibillion dollar drain of
purchasing power from higher oil prices.
Because business inventories have been
kept remarkably lean, declines in sales did
not lead to major inventory corrections.
More generally, the economic recovery of
recent years has been free of the distortions which, in the past, made the economy sensitive to recessionary forces.
Employment growth held up even better than output, and unemployment remained under 6 percent all year. Unfortunately, the strength of employment
gains reflected a sharp decline in productivity-2 percent over the year. This fall
in productivity added to costs, and thus
bore a share of the responsibility for higher
inflation.
While inflation worsened in 1979, a
large part of the acceleration was concentrated in a few areas-energy; homeownership and finance; and, early in the
year, farm and food products. Elsewhere
consumer price inflation was more moderate, as prices rose by 7.5 percent over
the year. Wage gains were no higher than
in 1978, despite the speedup of inflation.
The government's voluntary wage and
price standards were widely observed and
limited sharply the extent to which inflation spread from oil and a few other
troubled sectors to the rest of the economy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF REDUCING INFLATION
It is my strong conviction that inflation
remains the Nation's number one economic problem. Energy and housing
prices are still moving up rapidly, adding
directly to inflation and continuing to
threaten a new price-wage spiral in the
rest of the economy. Even apart from
these special problem sectors, inflation is
now running at an 8 to 9 percent rate,
compared to 6 or 6/2 percent several years
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ago, in part because of a disappointing
productivity performance.
Our immediate objective for 1980 must
be to prevent the spread of double-digit
price increases from oil and other problem sectors to the rest of the economy. My
budget and economic policies have that
as their primary goal. We share that same
urgent goal with virtually every other oilimporting country. Halting the spread of
inflation is not enough, however. We must
take steps to reduce it.
Each new round of inflation since the
1960s has left our country with a higher
underlying inflation rate. Without longterm policies to pull down the current 8
to 9 percent rate, our Nation will remain
vulnerable to still further increases. Another sharp rise in oil prices or a worldwide crop shortage could provide the next
turn of the ratchet. Failure to lower inflation after the latest episode would
strengthen long-run inflationary expectations and erode resistance to even larger
wage and price increases. Over the longer
term, we will either bring inflation down
or it will assuredly get worse.
A STRATEGY FOR DEALING WITH INFLATION
To fight inflation I propose that we act
along four lines. The first and most immediate of these is fiscal and monetary
restraint:
* Under the economic conditions that
now confront us we must concentrate on
reducing the budget deficit by holding
down Federal spending and forgoing tax
reductions. We cannot afford a permissive economic environment in which the
oil-led inflation of 1979 gives rise to a
widespread acceleration of wage and price
increases in 1980 and 1981.
* To reduce inflation in subsequent
years, the budget will have to stay tight.
That does not mean that it should fail to
respond to changing economic circumstances or that taxes can never be reduced.
But compared to an earlier less inflationary era the room for budgetary
maneuver has appreciably narrowed.
* Monetary policy will have to continue firmly in support of the same antiinflationary goals.
The second line of action is restraint by
the private sector in its wage and price
decisions. Aided by the deliberations of
the Pay and Price Advisory Committees
appointed last year, we have been updating and improving the voluntary wage
and price standards.
As a third line of action we must pursue
measures to encourage productivity
growth, adapt our economy rapidly to the
fact of scarcer oil supplies, and improve
our competitive standing in the world
economy. By dealing with these fundamental aspects of economic performance,
we seek to ensure that the long-term
monetary and fiscal restraints needed to
curb inflation go hand-in-hand with a
healthy growth in output, employment
and living standards. These measures will
also help us reduce inflationary pressures
from the cost side.
Recent history has driven home the lesson that events outside our country-such
as worldwide crop shortages or sudden
increases in OPEC oil prices-can have
major inflationary effects on the domestic
economy. The fourth line of action, therefore, must be the use of measures relating
to energy and food that reduce our vulnerability to outside inflationary shocks.
THE SHORT-TERM ECONOMIC OUTLOOK
We face a difficult economic transition
in the next year or two. According to my
economic advisers, our economy is likely
to undergo a mild recession early this
year. Most private forecasters share this
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 30
view. Consumer purchasing power is being drained away by rising energy prices;
moreover, construction of new homes may
decline somewhat further because of
limited supplies of mortgage credit and
high mortgage interest rates.
Since economic growth in recent years
has been well balanced, there are no serious distortions in our economy to intensify the forces of recession. An economic
downturn, if it occurs, should therefore
be brief and mild. By year-end our economy should be growing again, and the
pace of expansion is likely to increase in
1981.
Unemployment will probably rise
moderately this year. Next year a stronger
pace of economic expansion will create
more new jobs, and unemployment will
begin to come down again.
Inflation has been building in our country for a decade and a half, and it will take
many years of persistent effort to bring
it back down. This year energy prices will
still go up faster than other prices, but
less so than in 1979. Some of the other
special factors that contributed to inflation last year should do so to a smaller
degree, or not at all, in 1980. Enactment
of the budget that I have recommended,
and continued exercise of reasonable restraint by business and labor in their wage
and price decisions should make it possible to lower the rate of inflation from
13 percent in 1979 to close to 10 percent
in 1980, and to a range of 8 to 9 percent
in 1981. But that accomplishment will
still leave inflation running at an entirely
unacceptable pace. We cannot, and will
not, rest until reasonable price stability
has been achieved.
BUDGET POLICIES
My budget proposals will reduce the
Federal deficit by more than half to $16
billion in fiscal 1981. Accomplishing this
reduction, despite the effect of slower
economic growth on Federal tax revenues,
has required severe restraint on Federal
spending. Outlays will increase from $564
billion this year to $616 billion in fiscal
1981. Although real defense spending will
rise, total Federal outlays, adjusted for
inflation, will remain virtually constant. I
propose to reduce inflation-adjusted
spending outside of defense.
My 1981 budget is based squarely on
the premise that bringing an end to inflation must remain the top priority of economic policy. Not only are budget
expenditures held to the minimum level
consistent with urgent national needs, but
tax reductions are forgone. This austere
budget policy, accompanied by supportive
policies of monetary restraint, is a necessary condition for controlling inflation.
Citizens all across our country are facing rising tax burdens because of increased social security taxes and because
inflation pushes individuals into higher
income tax brackets. They want, and deserve, tax reductions when cuts can be
granted within the framework of a prudent budgetary policy. Businesses need
greater incentives to invest in the new
and modern plant and equipment that is
essential to growth in our productive
capacity and to long-run improvement in
economic efficiency. If we continue to
keep the growth of Federal expenditures
under tight rein, tax reductions will be
forthcoming. But I could not and did not
recommend tax relief this year.
I am aware that a mild recession is
widely forecast. Indeed the estimates of
revenues and expenditures in my budget
assume its occurrence. But forecasts are
necessarily uncertain. Our economy has
shown remarkable resilience to date, and
there is no evidence that a recession has
begun. Under those circumstances, to
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Jan. 30
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
have recommended a tax reduction and a
much larger budget deficit would have
been a signal that we were not serious in
our fight against inflation. It would have
increased inflationary expectations, weakened the value of the dollar in exchange
markets, and risked the translation of last
year's oil-led inflation into a new and
higher wage-price spiral in 1980. In
recognition of these realities, my budget
proposals concentrate on reducing the
deficit.
In this uncertain period, of course,
economic policy cannot be fixed in place
and then forgotten. If economic conditions and prospects should significantly
worsen, I will be prepared to recommend
to the Congress additional fiscal measures
to support output and employment in
ways and under circumstances that are
consistent with a continued fight against
inflation.
Restraint in the 1981 budget has been
accomplished while still moving forward
with Federal programs and expenditures
that address our Nation's critical needs.
* Outlays for defense will increase by
over 3 percent in real terms. Both strategic
and conventional forces will be strengthened. Our commitment to our NATO
allies will be met, and our ability to deploy
forces rapidly anywhere in the world will
be improved. Recent events in Southwest
Asia have underlined the necessity for
these actions.
* Expenditures will be raised to expand
domestic energy supplies, increase energy
conservation, and provide assistance to
low-income families least able to pay
higher energy prices.
* Support for basic research, enlarged
in the past three fiscal years, will be further
expanded to a total of $5.1 billion in 1981.
Sustained commitment to basic research
will assure continued American scientific
and technical preeminence.
* A major new initiative, for which $1.2
billion in new budget authority is requested, addresses the serious problem of
unemployment among disadvantaged
youth.
These programs were made possible
within the framework of a tight budget by
pruning less essential programs, increasing administrative efficiencies, and reducing fraud and abuse. Legislative proposals
to reduce Federal spending will save $5V2
billion in fiscal 1981 and even more in
subsequent years.
PAY AND PRICE STANDARDS
A little more than a year ago, I asked
business and labor to join with me in the
fight against inflation by complying with
voluntary standards for pay and prices.
Cooperation with my request was extensive. Last year's acceleration of inflation
did not represent a breakdown of the pay
and price standards. Skyrocketing energy
prices, and rising costs of home purchase
and finance lay behind the substantial
worsening of inflation. Declining productivity also added to business costs and
prices.
The pay and price standards, in fact,
have served the Nation well. Although the
price standards had only limited applicability to food, energy, and housing
prices, in the remaining sectors of the
economy, for which the standards were
designed, prices accelerated little during
the first year of the program. Wage increases were no larger than in 1978, even
though the cost of living rose faster. Increases in energy prices did not spill over
into wages and the broad range of industrial and service prices.
On September 28, 1979, my Administration and leaders of the labor movement
reached a National Accord. We agree that
our anti-inflation policies must be both
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 30
effective and equitable, and that in fighting inflation we will not abandon our effort to pursue the goals of full employment
and balanced growth.
As an outgrowth of that Accord, I appointed a Pay Advisory Committee to
work together with my Administration to
review and make recommendations on the
pay standards and how they are being
carried out. A Price Advisory Committee
was established to make recommendations
with respect to the price standards.
The most immediate problem in 1980 is
to ensure that last year's sharp increase in
energy prices does not result in a new
spiral of price and wage increases that
would worsen the underlying inflation
rate for many years to come. Understandably, workers, business managers, and
other groups want to make up for last
year's loss of real income, and they may
seek to do so by asking for larger increases
in wage rates, salaries and other forms of
income. Such efforts would not restore
real incomes that have been reduced by
rising world oil prices and declining
productivity, but they would intensify inflation. Improvements in our living standards can only be achieved by making our
economy more efficient and less dependent on imported oil.
Voluntary standards for wages and
prices, together with disciplined fiscal and
monetary policies, are the key ingredients
in a strategy for reducing inflation. During the years immediately ahead, monetary and fiscal policies will seek a gradual
but steady lowering of inflation. By itself,
restraint on borrowing and spending
would mean relatively slow economic
growth and somewhat higher unemployment and idle capacity. Effective standards for moderating wage and price
increases will lead to greater progress in
lowering inflation and thereby reduce the
burden on monetary and fiscal policies
and provide scope for faster economic
growth and increased jobs.
LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GOALS
Just before my Administration took office the overall unemployment rate was
still close to 8 percent. For blacks and
other minorities, the rate was over 13 percent and had shown little improvement
since the recovery began in early 1975.
Since then increases in employment
have been extraordinarily large, averaging
nearly 31/2 percent per year. The gains
for women were twice as large as for men.
For blacks and other minority groups the
percentage rise in employment was half
again as large as for whites. Aided by a
strongly expanded Federal jobs program
for youth, employment among black and
other minority teenagers grew by over 15
percent. Employment among Hispanic
Americans rose by over 20 percent.
Unemployment rates have come down
substantially for most demographic
groups. Unemployment among black
teenagers, however, has not fallen significantly and remains distressingly high.
To address the very serious problem of
unemployment among disadvantaged
youth, my Administration has substantially expanded funds for youth employment and training programs over the past
3 years. My 1981 budget includes an important new initiative to increase the
skills, earning power, and employability
of disadvantaged young people.
In 1978 the Humphrey-Hawkins Full
Employment and Balanced Growth Act
was passed with the active support of my
Administration. The general objectives of
the act-and those of my Administration-are to achieve full employment and
reasonable price stability.
When I signed that act a little over a
year ago, it was my hope that we could
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
achieve by 1983 the interim goals it set
forth: to reduce the overall unemployment rate to 4 percent and to achieve a 3
percent inflation rate.
Since the end of 1978, however, huge
OPEC oil price increases have made the
outlook for economic growth much worse,
and at the same time have sharply increased inflation. The economic policies I
have recommended for the next 2 years
will help the economy adjust to the impact
of higher OPEC oil prices. But no policies
can change the realities which those
higher prices impose.
I have therefore been forced to conclude that reaching the goals of a 4 percent unemployment rate and 3 percent
inflation by 1983 is no longer practicable.
Reduction of the unemployment rate to 4
percent by 1983, starting from the level
now expected in 1981, would require an
extraordinarily high economic growth
rate. Efforts to stimulate the economy to
achieve so high a growth rate would be
counterproductive. The immediate result
would be extremely strong upward pressure on wage rates, costs, and prices. This
would undercut the basis for sustained
economic expansion and postpone still
further the date at which we could reasonably expect a return to a 4 percent
unemployment rate.
Reducing inflation from the 10 percent
expected in 1980 to 3 percent by 1983
would be an equally unrealistic expectation. Recent experience indicates that the
momentum of inflation built up over the
past 15 years is extremely strong. A practical goal for reducing inflation must take
this fact into account.
Because of these economic realities, I
have used the authority provided to me in
the Humphrey-Hawkins Act to extend the
timetable for achieving a 4 percent unemployment rate and 3 percent inflation. The
target year for achieving 4 percent unem
ployment is now 1985, a 2-year deferment.
The target year for lowering inflation to 3
percent has been postponed until 3 years
after that.
MEASURES TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC
PERFORMANCE
Achieving satisfactory economic
growth, reducing unemployment, and at
the same time making steady progress in
curbing inflation constitutes an enormous
challenge to economic policy.
To lower inflation, we will have to persist in the painful steps needed to restrain
demand. But demand restraint alone is
not enough. We must work to improve the
supply side of our economy-speed its adjustment to an era of scarcer energy, increase its efficiency, improve the workings of its labor markets, and expand its
capital stock. We must take measures to
reduce our vulnerability to inflationary
events that occur outside our own economy. Only an approach that deals with
both demand and supply can enable the
the Nation to combine healthy economic
growth with price stability.
LONG-RUN ENERGY POLICIES
Over the past 3 years I have devoted a
large part of my own efforts and those of
my Administration toward putting in
place a long-term energy policy for this
Nation. With the cooperation of the Congress much has already been accomplished
or stands on the threshold of final
enactment.
The phased decontrol of natural gas
and domestic crude oil prices will provide
strong, unambiguous signals encouraging
energy conservation and stimulating the
development of domestic energy supplies.
But decontrol of oil, in the face of very
high OPEC prices, inevitably generates
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Jan. 30
substantial windfall profits. The windfall
profits tax I have proposed will capture
a significant portion of these windfalls for
public use.
The increased Federal revenues from
this tax will make it possible to cushion
the poor from the effects of higher oil
prices, to increase our investment in mass
transit, and to support programs of accelerated replacement of oil-fired electricity generation facilities and increased
residential and commercial energy conservation. I have also proposed incentives
for the development of energy from solar
and biomass sources, and have asked the
Congress for authority to create an Energy
Security Corporation to provide incentives and assistance on a business-like basis
for the accelerated development of synthetic fuels. Other legislation that I have
proposed, which is also now before a Conference Committee of the Congress, would
create an Energy Mobilization Board to
cut the red tape and speed the development of essential energy projects. I urge
the Congress to take the final steps to
enact the enabling legislation for my
energy initiatives.
These policies will sharply increase the
efficiency with which our Nation uses
energy and widen the range of economically feasible energy sources. In so doing,
they will help make our economy less inflation-prone. They will also drastically
cut our reliance on imported oil, and by
making our Nation less vulnerable to sudden increases in world oil prices, reduce
the probability of sudden inflationary
surges.
By the end of this decade, we will be
well on the way to completing the transition toward the new world of scarcer oil
supplies. In the interim, however, our
country still remains dangerously exposed
to the vagaries of the world oil market.
I am pursuing measures to deal with
this transitional problem. Together with
other major oil-consuming countries in
the International Energy Agency we are
working to devise improved means of
matching any future cuts in oil supplies
with joint action to reduce oil demand.
By avoiding a competitive scramble for
scarce oil, we can reduce the chances of
further large price increases.
Last year I pledged that our country
would never again import more oil than
we did in 1977-8.5 million barrels a day.
This year I am establishing a lower import target of 8.2 million barrels a day. I
am prepared to reduce that target in the
event that discussions within the International Energy Agency produce a fair and
equitable agreement that requires still
lower imports. I will impose a fee on purchases of foreign oil if they threaten to exceed the limit that I set.
While international cooperation is essential, so are measures we can take on our
own. In accordance with legislation enacted last year the Administration has
developed a standby motor fuel rationing
plan to deal with major supply interruptions, defined to be a shortfall in supply
of 20 percent or more. This plan will be
submitted to the Congress in February.
But even smaller supply interruptions can
cause severe economic problems. We are
therefore considering proposals for standby measures to be applied if lesser, but still
significant, disruptions occur. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) can cushion the impact of an abrupt cutoff in
supplies. My budget provides funds for resuming SPR purchases this year if conditions permit.
IMPROVING LABOR MARKETS
The persistence of high unemployment
among some groups of workers while jobs
go begging and unemployment is low else
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where is not only a major social problem
but a waste of national resources. The lack
of skills, the imperfections of the labor
market, and in some cases, the discrimination that gives rise to this situation, reduce national productivity and contribute
to inflation.
Although our labor market currently
works quite well for most people, it does
not work well for disadvantaged and
minority youth. In recognition of this fact,
I have recently sent to the Congress proposals designed to deal with teenage unemployment.
The goals of my proposals are:
* to teach basic skills in the secondary
schools to those youths who did not
master them in elementary school
and who need special help;
* to provide part-time employment and
training to dropouts if they participate in long-term training to develop
skills that will improve their prospects; and
* to provide intensive long-term training aimed at helping older youths
out of school find jobs in the private
sector.
The funds will go largely to poor rural
areas and central cities, where youth unemployment is particularly high because
of inadequate education, and where local
resources are insufficient to rectify the
problem.
Another segment of the labor force
needing special assistance is the working
poor. The welfare reforms which I have
sent to the Congress will provide training,
help in seeking jobs, and work opportunities for poor but employable persons.
REFORMING REGULATION
Regulation has joined taxation, defense, and the provision of social services
as one of the principal activities of the
government. Unneeded regulations, or
necessary regulations that impose undue
burdens, lower efficiency and raise costs.
For the past 3 years I have vigorously
promoted a basic approach to regulatory
reform: unnecessary regulation, however
rooted in tradition, should be dismantled
and the role of competition expanded;
necessary regulation should promote its
social objectives at minimum cost.
Working with the Congress we have
deregulated the airline industry. We are
now cooperating with congressional committees to complete work on fair and effective legislation that eliminates costly
elements of regulation in the trucking,
railroad, communications, and financial
industries.
Within the executive branch, we are
improving the quality and lowering the
cost of regulations. The Regulatory Council, which I established a year ago, is helping us comprehend the full scope of Federal regulatory activities and how these
activities, taken together, affect individual
industries and sectors. A number of regulatory agencies are experimenting with
new regulatory techniques that promise to
achieve regulatory goals at substantially
lower costs.
INCREASING INVESTMENT AND ENCOURAGING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We do not know all of the causes of the
slowdown in productivity growth that has
characterized our economy in recent
years. But we do know that investment
and research and development will have
to play an important role in reversing the
trend.
To meet the Nation's sharply increased
requirement for investment in energy production and conservation, to fulfill its
commitment to cleaner air and water and
improved health and safety in the work
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Jan. 30
place, and at the same time to provide
more and better tools for a growing
American work force, our Nation in the
coming decade will have to increase the
share of its resources devoted to capital
investment.
We took one step in this direction in the
Revenue Act of 1978, which provided a
larger than normal share of tax reduction
for investment incentives. Passage of my
pending energy legislation will make
available major new incentives and financial assistance for investment in the production and conservation of energy. When
economic conditions become appropriate
for further tax reduction, I believe we
must direct an important part of any tax
cut to the provision of further incentives
for capital investment generally.
One of the most important factors in
assuring strong productivity growth is a
continuing flow of new ideas from industry. This flow depends in the first instance
on a strong base of scientific knowledge.
The most important source of such
knowledge is basic research, the bulk of
which is federally funded.
Between 1968 and 1975 Federal spending for basic research, measured in constant dollars, actually fell. But since that
latter year, and especially during the years
of my Administration, Federal support for
basic research has increased sharply. In
spite of the generally tight economic
situation, the 1981 budget I am submitting
to the Congress calls for yet another substantial increase in real Federal support
for basic research. Even during a period
of economic difficulties, we cannot afford
to cut back on the basis for our future
prosperity.
AGRICULTURE
Because the worldwide demand for
food has grown substantially, overproduction is no longer the primary problem in
agriculture. Government policies now
seek to encourage full production, while
cushioning the American economy and
the American farmer from the sharp
swings in prices and incomes to which the
farm sector is often subject. Over the past
several years my Administration has created a system of farmer-owned grain reserves to supplement the loan and targetprice approach to farm income
stabilization. In periods of low prices and
plentiful supplies, incentives are provided
to place grain in the reserves, thereby
helping to support farm income. The incentives also work to hold the grain in
reserve until prices rise significantly, at
which time the grain begins to move out
into the market, helping to avoid or to
moderate the inflationary consequences of
a poor crop.
Over this last year, the reserve has been
tested twice. When fears of poor world
harvests threatened to drive grain prices
to extraordinarily high levels last spring
and summer, farmers sold grain from the
reserve, limiting the price rise. Since I suspended grain shipments to the Soviet
Union this month in response to that
country's brutal invasion of Afghanistan,
increased incentives to place grain in reserve have been serving as one of our main
defenses to protect farmers from precipitous declines in prices.
THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
Other countries besides our own suffered important setbacks in 1979 from the
dramatic increase in oil prices. Growth
prospects worsened, inflation increased,
and balance of payments deficits rose. In
such difficult times economic cooperation
between nations is especially important.
Joint action among oil-consuming countries is needed to reduce the pressure of
demand on supply and to restore order in
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Jan. 30
Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980
world petroleum markets. Cooperation is
necessary to protect international financial markets against potential disruptions
arising from the need to finance massively
increased payments for oil. And cooperation is also necessary to prevent a destructive round of protectionism.
Because the dollar is the major international store of value and medium of
exchange, the stability of international
financial markets is closely linked to the
dollar's strength. The actions taken in
November 1978 by the United States and
our allies to strengthen and stabilize the
dollar worked well during the past year.
That the dollar did well despite accelerating domestic inflation is due in part to a
significant improvement in our current
account balance during 1979. U.S. exports
grew rapidly and thus helped to offset
rising payments for oil. During the autumn of 1979, however, the dollar. came
under downward pressure. The October
actions of the Federal Reserve Board to
change the techniques of monetary policy
helped moderate inflationary expectations
which had been partly responsible for the
pressure on the dollar. As a Nation we
must recognize the importance of a stable
dollar, not just to the United States but
to the world economy as a whole, and
accept our responsibility to pursue policies
that contribute to this stability.
The Multilateral Trade Negotiations of
tile Tokyo Round were successfully completed and became law in the United
States during 1979. These trade agreements are a major achievement for the
international economy. By lowering tariff
barriers both in the United States and
abroad, they will help increase our exports
and provide Americans with access to
foreign goods at lower prices. Perhaps
more important, these agreements will
limit restrictive and unfair trade practices
and provide clearer remedies where there
is abuse. They cannot, by themselves, assure smooth resolution of all trade issues.
Indeed, the real test will come as we begin
to carry them out. Nevertheless the agreements reached last year do represent a
clear commitment to the preservation and
enhancement of all open system of world
trade.
CONCLUSION
The 1970s were a decade of economic
turmoil. World oil prices rose more than
tenfold, helping to set off two major bouts
of inflation and the worst recession in 40
years. The international monetary system
had to make a difficult transition from
fixed to floating exchange rates. In agriculture a chronic situation of oversupply
changed to one which alternates between
periods of short and ample supplies.
It was an inflationary decade. It
brought increased uncertainty into business and consumer plans for the future.
We are now making the adjustment to
the realities of the economic world that
the 1970s brought into being. It is in many
ways a more difficult world than the one
that preceded it. Yet the problems it poses
are not insuperable.
There are no economic miracles waiting to be performed. But with patience
and self-discipline, combined with some
ingenuity and care, we can deal successfully with the new world. The 1980s can
be a decade of lessened inflation and
healthy growth.
JIM MY CARTER
January 30, 1980.
NOTE: The President's message is printed in
the report entitled "Economic Report of the
President, Transmitted to the Congress, January 1980-Together With the Annual Report
of the Council of Economic Advisers" (Government Printing Office, 329 pages).
254
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 31
Department of Commerce
Nomination of Herta Lande Seidman To Be
Assistant Secretary for Trade Development.
January 30, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Herta Lande Seidman, of New York City, to be Assistant
Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development, a new position.
Seidman has been deputy commissioner
of the New York State department of
commerce since 1977.
She was born June 6, 1939, in Cernauti,
Romania, and became a U.S. citizen in
1962. She received a B.A. from the University of Miami in 1959 and an M.A.
from Cornell University in 1960.
From 1961 to 1964, Seidman was assistant to the president of Ledel, Inc., a
petrochemical exporting firm. From 1964
to 1977, she was a consultant with Herta
Lande Enterprises, an international project development firm.
Seidman is on the Executive Committee and chairs the Export Promotion Subcommittee of the President's Export
Council. She is vice chairman of the Governor's Council on International Business.
Return of Six Americans
From Iran
Remarks by Telephone With Prime Minister
Joe Clark of Canada. January 31, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Hello? Is the Prime
Minister there? Okay, fine. He's not on
yet. Sorry, maybe tomorrow. [Laughter]
He's out traveling through Canada somewhere. They [the reporters] can stay in,
Rex;' it's okay. I think Signal's about got
him on the phone.
REPORTER. There is a little story in the
paper. today that you've decided to include women in the draft registration.
THE PRESIDENT. I'm not going to have
a press conference. [Laughter]
Q. No confirmation?
THE PRESIDENT. No.
The Prime Minister and I have had a
series of secret messages back and forth.
But I wanted to thank him and the Canadian people personally for what they've
done for us.
Q. Can you tell us more about the
messages?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we've been communicating regularly ever since the first
part of November, sometimes by telephone, mostly through diplomatic channels, but quite often directly through
personal messages. The Canadians have
been extremely helpful and courageous, in
my opinion, personally and politically, including the Prime Minister, Joe Clark,
and also Ambassador Taylor and the
other Embassy officials there. It's a wonderful example of friendship and cooperation and common ideals that we share
with the Canadians.
[At this point, the President's conversation with
the Prime Minister began. The White House
transcript does not include the Prime Minister's
remarks.]
Mr. Prime Minister, good morning to
you. Where are you?
[The Prime Minister responded.]
Well, I know. I called-as you know,
we've had a series of communications back
and forth privately, sometimes almost in
verbal code, on the telephone and other1 Rex Granum, Deputy Press Secretary to the
President.
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Jan. 31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
wise-but I wanted to call, now that our
six Americans are back in this country
and safe, publicly and on behalf of all
the American people, Joe, to thank you
and Ambassador Taylor and the Canadian
Government and people for a tremendous
exhibition of friendship and support and,
I think, personal and political courage.
You've probably seen the outpouring of
appreciation that has come from the
American people on their own volition.
And it's typical of the way we all feel. I
might point out that the congressional
parliamentarians tell me that the action
taken by our Congress yesterday toward
the Canadian Government is the first time
in the history of our Nation that the Congress has ever expressed its thanks personally to another government for an act
of friendship and heroism. And I just
wanted to relay that historical note to you
as well.
[The Prime Minister responded.]
Well, I thank you. I don't believe that
the revelation of their departure will be
damaging to the well-being of our other
hostages. You're nice and very perceptive
to express that concern. I think it was a
remarkable demonstration of mutual trust
that the fact of the existence of those
Americans was kept confidential so long,
and the fact that it was not revealed publicly until after they'd already left is very
good.
But Joe, good luck to you. And I hope
that you'll not only send a copy of my letter to Ambassador Taylor but also publicly
express to the people of Canada my deep
appreciation, both to you, to Ambassador
Taylor, to all of the Embassy officials, and
indeed to your whole country. We are
deeply grateful for this, a new demonstration of the closeness that is very beneficial
to us.
[The Prime Minister responded.]
Same to you, Joe. Have a good 1980.
Goodby.
[To the reporters] Well, he's very nice.
He expressed his hope that the revelation
of their departure was not in any way going to endanger our own hostages still
being held, and pointed out accurately
that they've been very supportive of us
from the very beginning of the Iranian
crisis.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:30 a.m. in
the Oval Office at the White House.
On February 1, the President met in the
Oval Office with the six U.S. Embassy personnel following their arrival in Washington,
D.C., and an appearance at the Department
of State. Mr. and Mrs. Mark J. Lijek, Mr.
and Mrs. Joseph D. Stafford, Robert G. Anders, and Henry Lee Schatz had taken refuge
in Canadian residences in Tehran after the
U.S. Embassy was occupied on November 4,
1979. Canadian Ambassador to Iran Kenneth
Taylor and members of his staff helped them
escape from Iran.
Assistance for Afghan Refugees
in Pakistan
Announcement of U.S. Measures.
January 31, 1980
President Carter announced today that
the United States is making a new pledge
of $5.3 million for immediate assistance
to the growing number of Afghan refugees fleeing into Pakistan because of
Soviet aggression in Afghanistan. This
latest U.S. contribution consists of $5 million in emergency refugee funds for the
Afghan relief program of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) and $300,000 in grant aid for
voluntary agency efforts.
The $5 million contribution to the
UNHCR will include an immediate cash
contribution of $3 million, plus the ship
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jan. 31
ment of $2 million more in relief supplies.
As a first step the United States is shipping more than 40,000 heavy blankets to
Pakistan. The cost, including air freight, is
more than $500,000.
This new U.S. pledge is in response to
the worldwide appeal issued by the
UNHCR for a total of $55 million ($25
million in food and'$30 million in cash)
to help care for a projected refugee population of 500,000 over the next year-a
number which may well increase as more
Afghan people flee their occupied land.
The United States has already made an
initial contribution to the UNHCR,
through the U.N. World Food program,
of more than 17,000 metric tons of food
commodities, largely wheat, valued at $6.1
million. In addition, the United States will
allocate a minimum of $10 million from
the pending supplemental appropriation
for P.L. 480 (Food for Peace), on which
the President hopes the Congress will
shortly complete action.
Together, these will provide more than
$16 million for more than 50,000 tons of
food, including wheat, vegetable oil, and
dried milk. With today's new pledge, the
U.S. contribution will total more than $21
million, nearly 40 percent of the U.N.
appeal.
We are considering still other humanitarian steps we can take to help UNHCR
and the Government of Pakistan care for
these unfortunate Afghan people who
have been forced to flee their homes and
now suffer from cold and hunger because
of the brutal Soviet invasion and occupation of their homeland. More help is
needed, and we call on all other humanitarian-minded countries to join this
effort.
The President's Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, Victor H. Palmieri, also announced today that he is sending his
deputy, Frank E. Loy, and two staff mem
bers of a factfinding mission to Pakistan
for a firsthand look at relief operations.
Dr. Marie Griffin of the Center for Disease Control will accompany them to survey the medical needs of the refugees. Loy
and his delegation will report their findings to President Carter and Secretary of
State Vance on their return in 2 weeks.
Chinese New Year, 1980
Statement by the President. January 31, 1980
Rosalynn and I send warmest New
Year greetings to Americans of Chinese
ancestry who celebrate the coming of
lunar year 4678.
Tradition has it, I am told, that the
Year of the Monkey is often associated
with financial adroitness and skill. At a
time when we are facing some of our most
challenging problems in this area, I hope
this bodes well for our efforts to control
inflation and achieve economic stability
and growth. I hope it also portends prosperity and success for each of you who,
individually and as an important ethnic
group, contribute so much to our Nation's
vitality and strength.
We wish you and your families good
health, happiness, and full enjoyment of
the fruits of your hard work.
National Advisory Council
on the Education of
Disadvantaged Children
Appointment of Six Members.
January 31, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of six persons as members of
the National Advisory Council on the
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Jan. 31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Education of Disadvantaged Children.
They are:
ANNETTE DROZ FUENTES, of Queens, N.Y., a
classroom teacher at Community School 211
in the Bronx and an expert in bilingual
education;
CLEO HOLT, a Title I reading teacher at Hall
Elementary School in Mt. Vernon, Ill., and
director of a Title VII program providing
programmatic support for the district's desegregation plan;
AKI KUROSE, a kindergarten teacher at Laurelhurst School, Seattle, Wash., and a former
Head Start teacher and multi-ethnic curriculum specialist for the Seattle school district;
WINIFRED MCPHEDRAN, of Readfield, Maine,
health education coordinator for a locally
controlled health education in five elementary schools and a junior/senior high school,
sponsored by the University of Maine;
RICHARD D. ST. GERMAINE, tribal chairman of
the Lac Court Oreilles Tribe, Hayward,
Wis., and former superintendent of schools
for the tribe's department of education;
LUCILLE L. SANTOS, deputy assistant superintendent of the San Antonio (Texas) Independent School District, who was for 18
years a teacher and administrator in the
Edgewood Independent School District.
Meeting With Prime Minister
J. Malcolm Fraser of Australia
Statement by the White House Press
Secretary. January 31, 1980
The President and the Prime Minister's
discussion focused primarily upon the
dangerous situation that has arisen as a
result of Soviet aggression in Afghanistan,
its potential impact on other countries in
Southwest Asia, and the implications that
it has for independent governments everywhere, whether large or small. There will
be further discussions at the official level
as a result of the subjects covered by the
two leaders.
I might say that the discussions ranged
over a fairly wide area, including the
Third World, obviously the Indian Ocean
and Southwest Asia, the ASEAN nations,
energy-those were the primary areas. I
think I can say-as Prime Minister Fraser,
I believe, has already indicated-that the
United States and Australia have a very
similar view of the gravity of the situation
in Southwest Asia and of the steps which
need to be taken to deal with it.
The President told the Prime Minister
at the beginning of the meeting that it
was-this is a quote-"reassuring to have
friends like you in a time of trial and testing." The President also complimented
the Prime Minister upon the role of Australia in helping to bring about the Lancaster House discussions which resulted in
the agreements in Rhodesia.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at approximately 5:15 p.m. to reporters assembled
in the Briefing Room at the White House.
On the same day, the White House released
the following list of the persons attending the
meeting.
THE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE CYRUS VANCE
DEPUTY SECRETARY OF DEFENSE GRAHAM
CLAYTOR
DEPUTY ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR
NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS DAVID AARON
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE RICHARD
HOLBROOKE
U.S. AMBASSADOR TO AUSTRALIA PHILIP
ALSTON
DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE
EVELYN CORBERT
DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
NICHOLAS PLATT
DONALD GREGG, NSC STAFF MEMBER
PRIME MINISTER MALCOLM FRASER
MINISTER OF HEALTH AND MINISTER ASSISTING THE PRIME MINISTER MICHAEL MACKELLAR
AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES SIR
NICHOLAS PARKINGTON
SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PRIME
MINISTER AND CABINET SIR GEOFFREY
YEEND
SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS PETER
HENDERSON
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. I
CHIEF OF THE DEFENSE FORCE STAFF ADMIRAL SIR ANTHONY SYNOOT
SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS WILLIAM
PRITCHETT
DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF NATIONAL
ASSESSMENT ROBERT FURLONGER
DEPUTY SECRETARY OF TRADE AND RESOURCES
LINDSAY DUTHIE
EXECUTIVE OFFICER TO THE PRIME MINISTER
MICHAEL COOK
National Conference on Physical
Fitness and Sports for All
Remarks at the Opening Session of the
Conference. February 1, 1980
Coach McGuire, Governor Apodaca,
Secretary Hufstedler, President Kane,
Surgeon General Richmond, Dr. Lamb,
Casey Conrad, members of the Council
on Physical Fitness, and friends:
I appreciated the-well, I think I appreciated the introduction. [Laughter] As
a matter of fact, I do much better running uphill than is generally known. I was
trying, in this upcoming competitive
Olympic year, to give Bill Rodgers and
Frank Shorter a little more confidence[laughter]-that they wouldn't have any
opposition from the White House or competition in the Olympics.
This is a time of determination, a time
of sober assessment, a time of excitement,
a time of challenge. I changed my prepared remarks at the last minute, because
I wanted to say a few things that I think
are important to the American people and
particularly to you. I'd like to begin by
paying a special tribute to a group that
deserves the praise and support of all
Americans, the United States Olympic
Committee. Recently, I declared on behalf of the American people that unless
the Soviet forces are withdrawn from
Afghanistan, that the 1980 Olympic games
should be moved from Moscow, canceled,
or postponed. Both Houses of the Congress, I think speaking accurately for the
American people, have concurred strongly in that judgment. And last weekend,
the United States Olympic Committee
voted, I believe unanimously, to support
the strong national sentiment on this issue.
It was not an easy decision for me, nor for
the Congress, nor for the U.S. Olympic
Committee. Their decision was difficult,
and it was a courageous action which deserves our praise and our support.
The committee stood up for freedom..
It stood up for the right that is fundamental to all people and to all nationsthe right to live in peace. I know the
strong commitment of the entire United
States and of the Olympic Committee to
the interests of America's athletes and to
the interests of America served by our
superb athletes. I recognize their strong
commitment to the value of international
competition and to the ideal of the Olympic games themselves. I share those ideals
and goals, and I'm determined that everything I do will help to perpetuate the
holding of the Olympic games and the
honoring of the athletes and the ideals
associated with the games.
This morning I would like to reaffirm
my own personal commitment to the
principles and purposes of the Olympic
movement: to help to build a better and
a more peaceful world, to create international good will, to promote the development of those moral qualities which are
the bases of sports. Last weekend the
U.S. Olympic Committee voted to protect these noble ideals from desecration.
It reaffirmed the principles that the
Olympics should not become some meaningless or even hypocritical spectacle, but
athletic competition as a genuine expression of international friendship and peace.
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Feb. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Some have said, many have said, that
we should not allow politics to interfere
with Olympic competition. I agree completely. But the issue now before our
country and the world is not a question of
politics by any reasonable definition of
that word. We are not talking here about
who should lead a nation. We are not
talking about the internal governmental
organization of a nation. We are not
talking about the internal policies which
a nation should follow within its own
boundaries, or even what kind of political
or economic system a nation might choose
for itself. We are not even talking about
whether a government, such as that of the
Soviet Union, is repressive or not, or
even-and this is difficult to saywhether it denies its people fundamental
human rights, as we define them.
It is not politics when one nation sends
100,000 of its heavily armed troops across
a border and subjugates its peaceloving,
deeply religious neighbor. It is not politics
when one nation invades this nation's
capital, installs a puppet regime, and participates in the assassination or death of
the leaders which it does not like, including the families of those leaders. It's not
politics when an army of invaders sweeps
the countryside, as is presently taking
place, killing those who dare to stand in
its way. It's aggression, pure and simple.
And I'm determined that the United
States will make clear to the Soviet Union,
just as other countries are doing, that no
country can trample the life and liberty of
another and expect to conduct business
or sports as usual with the rest of the
world. We must send that message clearly
to the Soviet Government and to its leaders, and let the people of the Soviet Union
understand this basic principle involved.
It's indeed unfortunate that this horrible event has taken place. My hope and
my belief is that the world will learn a
lesson. And in a strange, unpredictable
fashion, the adherence to athletic principles and the principles of the Olympic
games might serve as a lever, now and in
the future, to help to preserve peace and
to prevent unwarranted aggression and
the stamping upon the lives and the human rights of innocent people.
All Americans look upon our Olympians as representing our Nation's highest
ideals. I want them all to know, and I
want athletes from all around the world
to know that I'm determined personally
that they will have an opportunity to participate this year in international games
of the highest quality, but, unless invading
forces in Afghanistan are withdrawn, in
a location other than the Soviet Union.
I also want to make it clear that I welcome athletes from all over the world who
are now coming to Lake Placid, including
those from the Soviet Union, to participate in the winter Olympic games.
This morning, after this very sober and
carefully worded analysis, I want to say
a few words about an equally important
but, thank goodness, less controversial
subject, and that is our commitment to
encourage greater physical fitness and
greater participation in sports by all
Americans. As pnany of you know, and as
Coach McGuire mentioned, I maintain,
myself, a strenuous exercise program of
my own. I've done this all my life. It's
part of my own existence and part of the
enjoyment of that existence. I've done
this to an even greater degree during the
last few months, when I've had additional
problems and burdens and responsibilities
on my shoulders above those normally
borne by an American President.
Along with tennis and softball and
swimming and bowling and hiking and
cross-country skiing, I do jog regularly,
almost every day, along with my wife.
Like a lot of runners, as Coach McGuire
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 1
has pointed out, I have good days and I
have bad days. [Laughter] And it's not
always possible to predict which days
might be good and which days might be
bad. It's a lot like politics in that respect.
[Laughter] But I can say with the utmost
truthfulness that very often my running,
either within the White House grounds
or out alongside the canal on the towpath, is the high point of my day, and I
admit that that might say less about the
joys of running than it does about the
absence of joy in political duties.
[Laughter]
But I consider organized physical fitness and the programs associated with
them to be the best possible investment
in American health. Everything we do to
make Americans more physically fit pays
off handsomely. As Dr. Richmond well
knows and as every person in our country
well knows, it cuts medical bills, it helps
our people to live longer, and it adds to
the quality of each day of life we live.
A lot of people are finding this out now
for themselves who didn't before. Over
the past 15 years the number of people
who are exercising regularly has doubled.
At the same time, our national life expectancy has increased. We've seen a 1 -percent-per-year drop in the incidence of
fatal heart disease. That says something
about the success of the Council on Physical Fitness these past two decades. But
we still have a long way to go. Despite the
increased popularity of exercise, still half
of all adult Americans still exercise little,
if at all. And others don't exercise regularly enough or vigorously enough to keep
fit. Many more, as you well know, eat
too much or eat the wrong kinds of food.
Too many young people still take up
cigarette smoking, which is a lot harder
to quit than it is to start.
As a matter of fact, our big challenge
and our biggest opportunity lies with
America's children. In spite of the growing interest in soccer, for instance, a relatively new sport for most of us and one
which is sweeping the grammar schools
and high schools of our country and adding a new dimension to a highly competitive and very fine and enjoyable sport, we
have to face the hard fact that scores on
the national youth fitness test have not
improved at all in 15 years. Obviously
most American children are not getting as
involved as they should in physical fitness.
It's vital that we encourage all our children, as athletes, as Presidents, as coaches,
as teachers, as news media representatives, as parents, to participate in sports
and athletics, particularly those who are
not gifted athletes, to start early and to
develop good physical fitness habits.
Today I'm directing Governor Apodaca and the President's Council on
Physical Fitness to do several things that
might enhance the results that we've already achieved with this great program
to take a number of steps to upgrade our
Nation's physical fitness program: first of
all, to work with the States, with individual Governors, to establish a Governor's council on physical fitness and
sports in all of the 50 States; secondly, to
work with schools to establish daily physical education at all grade levels, to remind
those who administer the school programs
about the advantages of this programthis should include opportunities for those
with physical handicaps; to urge all employers, through personal messages from
me, Governor Apodaca, and hopefully all
of you, to make facilities available for employee fitness programs, to encourage all
Federal departments and agencies to support physical fitness programs, and that
would include our military services as
well.
Not too long ago I was in Mexico City
on an official visit with the President of
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Feb. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mexico, and we were using, as a running
program every morning before daybreak,
a military base where the Mexican equestrian team trains. And I ran with the generals and others there, each morning, for
5 miles. And they told me that every Mexican soldier runs, with full combat equipment, 10 kilometers every day. I presumed that was an accurate report, and
when I asked the President of Mexico, he
confirmed it. We don't have nearly that
standard of physical demand on the
Armed Forces of our country, and I'll
talk to Harold Brown and others about
increasing that effort.
Governor Apodaca knows that I'm very
eager to give him all the backing he needs
in carrying out these steps and particularly in the Federal Government.
I'd like to close my comments with a
special word to those Americans who
have devoted their lives as amateur athletes and as professional athletes and
coaches to the pursuit of physical fitness
and athletic excellence. You all have
made great sacrifices. Your families,
coaches have made sacrifices as well.
You've been an inspiration, though, to
all Americans, not just to those who try
to imitate your great achievements but to
all Americans who value the Olympic
ideals of peace and brotherhood, who
value true determination, and who value
human commitment and human courage.
Speaking on behalf of America, I thank
you from the bottom of my heart, all of
you.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:25 a.m. in the
Regency Ballroom at the Shoreham Americana Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to Alfred J. McGuire, former coach at
Marquette University and master of ceremonies for the opening session, Robert Kane,
president of the U.S. Olympic Committee, Dr.
Lawrence Lamb, syndicated columnist, and
Jerry Apodaca, Chairman, and C. Carson Conrad, executive director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, which
sponsored the conference.
Advisory Committee on Small
and Minority Business Ownership
Executive Order 12190. February 1, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United
States of America and in order to implement Section 7(j) (3) (A) of the Small
Business Act (92 Stat. 1765, 15 U.S.C.
636(j) (3) (A)), which directs the creation of an advisory committee for certain
purposes, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-1. Establishment of Committee.
1-101. There is established an Advisory
Committee on Small and Minority Business Ownership composed of five highlevel officers from five United States businesses and five representatives of minority
small businesses.
1-102. The President shall appoint the
members of the Committee and designate
a Chairman from among its members.
1-103. In selecting the members, the
President shall give due consideration to
the particular skills desirable to accomplish the purpose and functions of the
Committee.
1-2. Functions of the Committee.
1-201. (a) The Committee shall assist
in monitoring and encouraging the placement of subcontracts by the private sector
with eligible small businesses, particularly
with small minority businesses, and shall
study and propose the incentives and assistance needed by the private sector to
262
ii"~v-.-" --
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 1
help in the training, development, and upgrading of such businesses.
(b) Eligible small businesses are those
located in areas of high concentration of
unemployed or low-income individuals,
businesses owned by low-income individuals, and those businesses eligible for assistance under Section 8(a) of the Small
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(a), 92 Stat.
1761).
1-202. The Committee shall make
periodic reports and recommendations to
the President through the Administrator
of the Small Business Administration and
shall offer such other advice and at such
times as the President through the Administrator may request.
1-203. The Committee, through its
Chairman, shall report annually to the
President and to the Congress on the activities of the Committee during the preceding calendar year.
1-3. Administrative Provisions.
1-301. The Committee may request
any Executive agency to furnish such information as may be useful in fulfilling
the Committee's functions. Each such
agency is authorized, to the extent permitted by law, to furnish such information
to the Committee.
1-302. Each member of the Committee
who is not otherwise employed by the Federal Government shall receive no compensation from the United States by virtue of
their service on the Committee, but all
members may receive transportation and
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu
of subsistence, as authorized by 5 U.S.C.
5702 and 5703.
1-303. All necessary administrative
staff services, support, facilities, and expenses of the Committee shall, to the extent permitted by law, be furnished by the
Small Business Administration.
1-4. General Provisions.
1-401. The functions of the President
under the Federal Advisory Committee
Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), except that of reporting annually to the
Congress, which are applicable to the
Committee, shall be performed by the Administrator of the Small Business Administration in accordance with guidelines and
procedures established by the Administrator of General Services.
1-402. The Committee shall terminate
on December 31, 1980.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 1, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:33 p.m., February 1, 1980]
President's Commission for a
National Agenda for the Eighties
Appointment of 29 Members.
February 1, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of 29 persons as members of
the President's Commission for a National
Agenda for the Eighties. They are:
ROBERT S. BENSON, author of "Counterbudget," national priorities expert;
CHARLES BISHOP, president, University of Arkansas;
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, poet;
J. FRED BUCY, JR., president, Texas Instruments;
JOAN GANZ COONEY, Children's Television
Workshop;
DANIEL EVANS, president, Evergreen College;
FRANCES FITZGERALD, author;
HERMAN GALLEGOS, chairman, Human Resources Corp.;
DONALD GEVIRTZ, financier, Los Angeles,
Calif.;
C. JACKSON GRAYSON, director, American Productivity Center;
WILLIAM HEWITT, chairman, John Deere Co.;
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Feb. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
BENJAMIN HOOKS, chairman, NAACP;
THOMAS JORLING, professor of environmental
science, Williams College;
RHODA KARPATKIN, president, Consumers
Union;
THEODORE MARMOR, Yale Institute for Social
Policy Studies;
MARTIN MARTY, University of Chicago Divinity School;
WILLIAM MILLER, partner, Steptoe & Johnson;
ALAN MORRISON, director, Public Citizen Litigation Group;
ROGER NOLL, professor of economics, California Institute of Technology;
EDMUND PELLEGRINO, president, Catholic University;
TOMAS RIVERA, chancellor, University of California (Riverside);
PAUL ROGERS, former U.S. Representative
(D-Fla.);
CARL SAGAN, astronomer, Cornell University;
HOWARD SAMUELS, Howard Samuels Enterprises;
BEVERLY SILLS, director, New York City
Opera;
LEWIS THOMAS, chairman, Sloan-Kettering
Institute;
FOY VALENTINE, executive director, Christian
Life Committee, Southern Baptist Convention;
MARINA v.N. WHITMAN, vice president, General Motors Corp.;
ADDIE WYATT, international vice president,
Packinghouse Workers.
The Commission will have a staff of
about 25 people. They will be jointly directed by Richard A. Wegman, staff director, Senate Governmental Affairs
Committee, and Claude Barfield, former
Deputy Assistant Secretary for Research
and Demonstration, Department of
Housing and Urban Development.
National Council on the
Humanities
Nomination of Marian B. Javits To Be a
Member. February 1, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Marian B. Javits, of New
York City, to be a member of the National Council on the Humanities for a
term expiring January 26, 1982.
Javits is a consultant on the arts who
designs business and production environments. She is a member of the Visual Arts
Panel of the National Endowment for the
Arts and is president of a company that
offers limited print editions of the works
of leading American painters. She worked
actively for creation of the National
Foundation for the Arts along with her
husband, then-Representative Jacob K.
Javits.
United States-Switzerland
Agreement on Social Security
Message to the Congress Transmitting the
Agreement. February 1, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Pursuant to section 233(e) (1) of the
Social Security Act as amended by the
Social Security Amendments of 1977
(P.L. 95-216, 42 U.S.C. 1305 note), I
transmit herewith the Agreement between
the United States of America and the
Swiss Confederation on Social Security,
signed on July 18, 1979, the Final Protocol to the 1979 Agreement, also signed
on July 18, 1979, and the Administrative
Agreement for the Implementation of the
1979 Agreement, signed on December 20,
1979.
These U.S.-Swiss agreements are similar in objective to the U.S.-Italian social
security agreements that I transmitted to
the Congress on February 28, 1978, and
to the U.S.-West Germany social security
agreements that I transmitted to Congress
on February 28, 1979. These bilateral
agreements, which are generally known
as totalization agreements, provide for
limited coordination between the United
States and foreign social security systems
264
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 1
to overcome the problems created by gaps
in protection and by dual coverage and
taxation.
I also transmit for the information of
the Congress a comprehensive report prepared by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, which explains the
provisions of the Agreements and provides data on the number of persons
affected by the Agreements and on their
effect on social security financing, as required by the same provision of the Social
Security Amendments of 1977.
The Department of State and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare join in commending this Agreement,
Protocol, and Administrative Agreement.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 1, 1980.
Sugars, Sirups, and
Molasses Imports
Proclamation 4720. February 1, 1980
MODIFICATION OF TARIFFS ON CERTAIN
SUGARS, SIRUPS, AND MOLASSES
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
1. Headnote 2 of Subpart A of Part 10
of Schedule 1 of the Tariff Schedules of
the United States, hereinafter referred to
as the "TSUS", provides, in relevant part,
as follows:
"(i)... if the President finds that a particular rate not lower than such January 1,
1968, rate, limited by a particular quota,
may be established for any articles provided
for in item 155.20 or 155.30, which will give
due consideration to the interests in the
United States sugar market of domestic producers and materially affected contracting
parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, he shall proclaim such particular
rate and such quota limitation,..."
"(ii)... any rate and quota limitation so
established shall be modified if the President
finds and proclaims that such modification is
required or appropriate to give effect to
the above consideration;..."
2. I find that the modifications hereinafter proclaimed of the rates of duty applicable to items 155.20 and 155.30 of the
TSUS give due consideration to the interests in the United States sugar market
of domestic producers and materially affected contracting parties to the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes, including section
201 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962,
and pursuant to General Headnote 4 and
Headnote 2 of Subpart A of Part 10 of
Schedule 1 of the TSUS, do hereby proclaim until otherwise superseded by law:
A. The rates of duty in rate columns 1
and 2 for items 155.20 and 155.30 of Subpart A of Part 10 of Schedule 1 of the
TSUS are modified and the following
rates are established:
Rates of duty
I
155.20 0.6625~ per lb. less 0.009375~ per lb.
for each degree under 100 degrees
(and fractions of a degree in proportion) but not less than
0.428125~ per lb.
155.30 Dutiable on total sugar at the rate per
lb. applicable under Item 155.20 to
sugar testing 100 degrees.
2
1.9875~ per lb. less 0.028125~ per lb. for each
degree under 100 degrees (and fractions of
a degree in proportion) but not less than
1.284375~ per lb.
Dutiable on total sugars at the rate per lb.
applicable under Item 155.20 to sugar
testing 100 degrees.
265
Feb. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
B. Those parts of Proclamation 4334
of November 16, 1974, Proclamation 4463
of September 21, 1976, Proclamation 4466
of October 4, 1976, and Proclamation
4539 of November 11, 1977, which are inconsistent with the provisions of paragraph (A) above are hereby terminated.
C. The provisions of this Proclamation
shall apply to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption
on and after the date of this Proclamation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Inde.
pendence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:32 p.m., February 1, 1980]
United States-International
Atomic Energy Agency
Cooperation Agreement
Message to the Congress Transmitting an
Amendment. February 1, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am pleased to transmit to the Congress, pursuant to section 123d of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C.
2153), as amended, the text of the proposed amendment to the Agreement for
Cooperation Between the United States
of America and the International Atomic
Energy Agency. The proposed amendment is accompanied by these items:
-My written determination, approval
and authorization concerning the
Agreement;
-The memorandum of the Director of
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency with the Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement concerning the amendment;
-The joint memorandum submitted
to me by the Secretaries of State
and Energy, which includes a summary of the provisions of the amendment; and
-The views of the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission.
The United States began negotiating
for the proposed amendment in late 1977.
This was done in anticipation of the passage of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act,
which calls upon me to renegotiate existing agreements for peaceful nuclear cooperation so as to bring them into line
with the Act's provisions. In my judgment the United States-IAEA agreement
will meet all statutory requirements once
this amendment is added.
The IAEA is a key element in the
framework of international cooperation
in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and
I am pleased to forward an amendment
designed to strengthen our cooperation
with the Agency. The proposed amendment will, in my view, further the nonproliferation and other foreign policy interests of the United States.
I have considered the views and recommendations of the interested agencies in
reviewing the proposed amendment and
have determined that its performance will
promote, and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense
and security. Accordingly, I have approved the agreement and authorized its
execution, and I urge that the Congress
give it favorable consideration.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 1, 1980.
266
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
January 27
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
January 28
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-actress Sophia Loren, national chairperson, and Speaker of the House of
Representatives Thomas P. O'Neill,
Jr., national vice co-chairperson, National Alliance for the Prevention
and Treatment of Child Abuse and
Maltreatment;
-officials of the Salvation Army, to
receive the organization's annual
report;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale.
The White House released manifests
listing passengers who have flown on
White House authorized military aircraft
from July 1 through December 31, 1979.
The lists were sent to Representative Jack
Brooks, chairman of the House Committee on Government Operations, and were
also made available for inspection by the
press.
January 29
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-W. Averell Harriman;
-Mr. Moore;
-Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, and Dr.
Brzezinski.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 and 1979 annual reports of
the National Advisory Council on Adult
Education.
The White House announced that, at
the direction of the President, Zbigniew
Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs, and Warren
Christopher, Deputy Secretary of State,
will visit Islamabad February 2 and 3 to
exchange views with Pakistani leaders on
the new situation in the region and to lay
the groundwork for a strengthening of our
relationship. David McGiffert, Assistant
Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, will join these discussions.
After their talks in Islamabad, Dr.
Brzezinski and Mr. Christopher will stop
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 4 for
discussions with the Saudi authorities.
January 30
The President met at the White House
with:
-David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant for
National Security Affairs;
-Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare Patricia R. Harris, Secretary
of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Commerce Philip M.
Klutznick, Secretary of Energy
Charles W. Duncan, Jr., Secretary of
Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of
Transportation Neil Goldschmidt,
Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the
President for Domestic Affairs and
Policy, Jack H. Watson, Assistant to
the President for Intergovernmental
Affairs, Charles L. Schultze, Chair
267
so ~ ~IIIIY~ — -* ~ ~ --- _~I
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
man of the Council of Economic
Advisers, and Alonzo L. McDonald,
Assistant to the President, to discuss
domestic policy;
-Senator Walter D. Huddleston, chairman of the Charters and Guidelines
Subcommittee of the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, and
members of the subcommittee;
-Mr. Moore;
-representatives of women's organizations.
The White House announced that Vice
President Mondale will represent the
President at the opening ceremonies of
the XIII Olympic Winter Games at Lake
Placid, N.Y., on February 13.
January 31
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-a group of Republican congressional
leaders;
-Mr. Moore.
In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the
President received diplomatic credentials
from Ambassadors Simon Sabimbona of
Burundi and Herbert Richard Wright
Brewer of Liberia.
February 1
The President met at the White House
with:
-Mr. Aaron;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary of
State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of
Defense Harold Brown, Hedley W.
Donovan, Senior Adviser to the
President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Mr. Jordan, and
Mr. Aaron;
-Mr. Moore;
-Rev. Bernard Fell, chairman of the
Lake Placid Olympic Organizing
Committee;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget;
-officials and players of the National
Basketball Association.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for
community and civic leaders from Wisconsin in the East Room at the White
House.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted January 28, 1980
JOHN H. DALTON, of Virginia, to be a member
of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board for
the remainder of the term expiring June 30,
1982, vice Anita Miller, resigned.
Submitted January 29, 1980
HARRY E. BERGOLD, JR., of Florida, a Foreign
Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
the United States of America to Hungary.
MARY G. F. BITTERMAN, of Hawaii, to be an
Associate Director of the International Communication Agency, vice R. Peter Straus,
resigned.
Submitted January 30, 1980
MARGARET MUTH LAURENCE, of Virginia, to
be an Assistant Commissioner of Patents and
Trademarks, vice Sidney A. Diamond, elevated.
COL. PAUL FREDERICK KAVANAUGH, 003-26 -7792, Corps of Engineers, to be a member of
the California Debris Commission, under the
provisions of Section 1 of an Act of Congress
approved 1 March 1893 (27 Stat. 507) (33
U.S.C. 661).
The following-named persons to be members of
the National Council on the Arts for the remainder of the terms expiring September 3,
1980:
JAMES E. BARNETT, of Georgia, vice
Thomas Schippers, resigned.
LEONARD L. FARBER, of Florida, vice
Jerome Robbins, resigned.
SANDRA J. HALE, of Minnesota, vice
Angus Bowmer, deceased.
268
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted January 30-Continued
The following-named persons to be members
of the Advisory Board of the Saint Lawrence
Seaway Development Corporation:
CONRAD M. FREDIN, of Minnesota, vice
William W. Knight, Jr., resigned.
FRANCIS ALBERT KORNEGAY, of Michigan, vice Miles F. McKee, resigned.
RAYMOND L. ACOSTA, of Puerto Rico, to be
United States Attorney for the District of
Puerto Rico for the term of 4 years, vice Julio
Morales Sanchez, resigned.
JOHN SAUL EDWARDS, of Virginia, to be
United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia for the term of 4 years, vice
Paul R. Thomson, Jr., resigned.
JAMES R. LAFFOON, of California, to be United
States Marshal for the Southern District of
California for the term of 4 years (reappointment).
JOHN W. SPURRIER, of Maryland, to be United
States Marshal for the District of Maryland
for the term of 4 years (reappointment).
Submitted February 1, 1980
MARIAN B. JAVITS, of New York, to be a member of the National Council on the Humanities for the remainder of the term expiring
January 26, 1982, vice Eugene Smith Pulliam, resigned.
The following-named persons to be members
of the Board of the Panama Canal Commission (new positions):
MICHAEL BLUMENFELD, Assistant Secretary of the Army, of the District of
Columbia.
JOHN ALDEN BUSHNELL, of Connecticut.
JOHN W. CLARK, of Louisiana.
CLIFFORD BRADLEY O'HARA, of Connecticut.
WILLIAM SIDELL, of California.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
Released January 28, 1980
Fact sheet: ocean margin drilling program
Fact sheet: oil and gas development program
for the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska
Released January 29, 1980
Announcement: nomination of John Saul
Edwards to be United States Attorney for
the Western District of Virginia
Announcement: nomination of Raymond L.
Acosta to be United States Attorney for the
District of Puerto Rico
Announcement: nomination of John W.
Spurrier to be United States Marshal for the
District of Maryland
Announcement: nomination of James R. Laffoon to be United States Marshal for the
Southern District of California
Released January 30, 1980
News conference: on the President's Economic
Report-by Charles L. Schultze, Chairman
of the Council of Economic Advisers
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved January 28, 1980
H.J. Res. 478 --- —----- Public Law 96-188
A joint resolution to extend by sixty days the
expiration date of the Defense Production
Act of 1950.
269,i.......... —;..lllmr~ — uaic~-^ ---~-,,.rrur —rrrri-aururul
Week Ending Friday, February 8, 1980
Federal Facility
Ridesharing Program
Executive Order 12191. February 1, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, and in
order to increase ridesharing as a means
to conserve petroleum, reduce congestion,
improve air quality, and provide an economical way for Federal employees to
commute to work, it is hereby ordered as
follows:
1-1. Responsibilities of Executive Agencies
1-101. Executive agencies shall promote the use of ridesharing (carpools, vanpools, privately leased buses, public transportation, and other multi-occupancy
modes of travel) by personnel working at
Federal facilities. Agency actions pursuant
to this Order shall be consistent with Circular A-118 issued by the Office of Management and Budget.
1-102. Agencies shall establish an
annual ridesharing goal tailored to each
facility, and expressed as a percentage of
fulltime personnel working at that facility
who use ridesharing in the commute between home and work. Agencies that share
facilities or that are within easy walking
distance of one another should coordinate
their efforts to develop and implement
ridesharing opportunities.
1-103. Agencies shall designate, in
accordance with OMB Circular A-1 18, an
employee transportation coordinator.
Agencies that share facilities may designate a single transportation coordinator.
The coordinator shall assist employees in
forming carpools or vanpools (employeeowned or leased) and facilitate employee
participation in ridesharing matching programs. The coordinator shall publicize
within the facility the availability of public transportation. The coordinator shall
also communicate employee needs for new
or improved transportation service to the
appropriate local public transit authorities or other organizations furnishing
multi-passenger modes of travel.
1-104. Agencies shall report to the
Administrator of General Services, hereinafter referred to as the Administrator,
the goals established, the means developed
to achieve those goals, and the progress
achieved. These reports shall be in such
form and frequency as the Administrator
may require.
1-2. Responsibilities of the Administrator of General Services
1-201. The Administrator shall issue
such regulations as are necessary to implement this Order.
1-202. The Administrator may exempt small, remotely located Federal facilities from the requirements of Sections
1-102, 1-103, and 1-104 on his own initiative or upon request of the agency. An
exemption shall be granted in whole or in
part when, in the judgment of the Administrator, the requirements of those Sections would not yield significant ridesharing benefits.
271
Feb. 4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1-203. The Administrator shall, in
consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, periodically provide agencies
with guidelines, instructions, and other
practical aids for establishing, implementing, and improving their ridesharing programs.
1-204. The Administrator shall assist
in coordinating the ridesharing activities
of the agencies with the efforts of the Department of Energy, under the Federal
Energy Management Program and in the
development of an emergency energy conservation plan for the Federal government.
1-205. The Administrator shall take
into consideration the advice of the Environmental Protection Agency under the
Clean Air Act, as amended, in performing his responsibilities under this Order.
1-206. The Administrator shall, in
consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, report annually to the President on the performance of the agencies
in implementing the policies and actions
contained in this Order. The report shall
include (a) an assessment of each agency's
performance, including the reasonableness
of its goals and the adequacy of its effort,
(b) a comparison of private sector and
State and local government ridesharing
efforts with those of the Federal government, and (c) recommendations for additional actions necessary to remove barriers
or to provide additional incentives to encourage more ridesharing by personnel at
Federal facilities.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 1, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:45 p.m., February 4, 1980]
NOTE: The text of the Executive order was
released on February 4.
President's Commission on
Executive Exchange
Appointment of Four Members.
February 4, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of four persons as members of
the President's Commission on Executive
Exchange for 2-year terms. They are:
JOAN D. MANLEY, group vice president of Time
Inc. for books and chairman of the board of
Time-Life Books;
DWIGHT W. MIZE, of Dallas, Tex., chief executive officer of the Mize Companies, a
member of the Small Business Administration Advisory Council, the National Association of Home Builders, and the United
Indian Development Association;
JULIA M. WALSH, chairman of Julia M. Walsh
& Sons, a Washington, D.C., investment firm,
a former governor and exchange official of
the American Stock Exchange;
EMILY H. WOMACH, chair of the board and
president of the Women's National Bank
of Washington, D.C., the first federally chartered women's bank in the Nation. She is a
former vice president of the Farmers Bank
of the State of Delaware and has also served
as treasurer of the State of Delaware.
Board of Foreign Scholarships
Appointment of Four Members.
February 4, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of four persons as members of
the Board of Foreign' Scholarships for
terms expiring September 22, 1982. They
are:
LIA TRIFF BELLI, of San Francisco, who is active in civic and community affairs;
BEVERLY MAY CARL, a professor at Southern
Methodist University Law School, who was
formerly with the Agency for International
Development and the Commerce Department;
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 5
KENNETH F. C. CHAR. of Honolulu, director
and vice chairman of Aloha Airlines and
active in community affairs in Honolulu;
SAMUEL R. SPENCER, JR., president of Davidson College, Davidson, N.C.
John F. Kennedy Center
for the Performing Arts
Appointment of Two Members of the Advisory
Committee on the Arts. February 4, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of
the Advisory Committee on the Arts, John
F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
Arts. They are:
Elizabeth W. Evans, of Juneau, Alaska,
a concert pianist in piano-violin concerts
throughout southeastern Alaska sponsored by the Alaska State Arts Council.
She is active in promoting the music program of the University of Alaska in Juneau, in helping outlying communities
obtain the services of a qualified piano
technician, and in coordinating concerts
featuring Alaskan performers and international artists.
Maureen McIntyre, of Clifton, Va.,
who is active in Washington, D.C., civic
activities such as the International Neighbors Club and previously practiced veterinary medicine in Atlanta, Ga.
Advisory Commission on
Intergovernmental Relations
Appointment of Mary Eleanor Wall as a
Member. February 4, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of Mary Eleanor Wall, of Elmhurst, Ill., as a member of the Advisory
Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.
Wall is a member of the DuPage County Board and DuPage County Forest
Preserve Commission. She is chairperson
of the DuPage County Regional Planning
Commission and also serves on the DuPage Community Development Commission. She is also Illinois State president of
the American Association of University
Women.
National Inventors' Day, 1980
Proclamation 4721. February 5, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Section 8 of Article I of our Constitution provides that the Congress shall have
the power "to promote the progress of
science and useful arts" by giving inventors, for a limited time, the exclusive right
to their discoveries. The First Congress
enacted legislation to this end, which,
when signed by President George Washington on April 10, 1790, became the first
United States patent law.
The patent incentive has prompted
thousands of individuals to create, perfect,
and bring to the marketplace inventions
that have contributed to our health and
welfare and to the productivity of our
labor.
A recent review of the status of domestic industrial innovation, conducted at my
request, confirms the vital role the patent
system plays in the advancement of
American technology.
February 11 is an especially significant
date in the history of American invention
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Feb. 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
because it marks the birth of Thomas Alva
Edison, who, among other things, perfected and patented the first practical incandescent lamp. His ingenuity changed
the lives of people in America and all over
the world. In honor of the critical role
played by inventors in promoting progress, and in recognition of their contributions to the welfare of this Nation, I have
designated February 11, 1980, as "National Inventors' Day."
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby call upon and urge the people
of the United States to honor all inventors
by joining me in observing February 11,
1980, National Inventors' Day, with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:48 p.m., February 5, 1980]
National Advisory Council on
Economic Opportunity
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. February 5, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with Title VI, Section
605 of the Economic Opportunity Act of
1964, as amended by P.L. 89-794, I am
transmitting herewith the Eleventh Annual Report to the Congress of the National Advisory Council on Economic
Opportunity.
This Report reflects the Council's views
in its role in examining programs authorized by the Economic Opportunity Act of
1964, and their impact in alleviating certain problems confronting low-income
people. While those views are not entirely
consistent with this Administration's policies, we shall consider them in the future.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 5, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity,
Eleventh Report-June 1979" (Government
Printing Office, 119 pages).
Federal Energy
Conservation Programs
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. February 5, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I transmit to the Congress the annual
report to be submitted under section
381 (c) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, 42 U.S.C. 6361 (c) (1970).
This report covers the implementing
activities undertaken during 1978 by
Federal agencies. It includes actions to
establish mandatory policies and standards with respect to energy conservation
and efficiency for Federal procurement
activities along with progress towards developing a 10-year plan for energy conservation in Federally-owned or leased
buildings. It also describes programs for
carrying out a responsible public education program to encourage energy conservation and efficiency and to promote vanpooling and carpooling arrangements.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 5, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Annual Report
to Congress, Federal Energy Conservation
Programs, Pursuant to Section 381 of the
Energy Policy and Conservation Act (Public
Law 94-165)-February 21, 1979."
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 7
Water Projects Legislation
White House Statement on House of
Representatives Approval of the Legislation.
February 5, 1980
The President is extremely disappointed
that the House of Representatives today
has voted to pass H.R. 4788, the Water
Resources Development Act of 1979. This
bill is a clear example of both unwise fiscal policy and unsound water policy.
Today's action by the House continues
the long-established tradition of authorizing water projects that are unstudied,
that benefit only special interests at the
expense of the American taxpayer, and
that move the Federal Government into
an increasingly larger role in State and
local decisionmaking.
The President recognizes that the country does have pressing water resources
problems that must be addressed. The bill
passed today contains some projects that
are in the Nation's interest and that the
President supports. Unfortunately, H.R.
4788 overwhelmingly obscures these projects by prematurely authorizing others
that are still under study and by including
a host of additional items that depart
from established Federal policy.
The President asks the Senate to correct
these problems by adopting a bill in accord with sound water policy.
National Prayer Breakfast
Remarks at the Annual Breakfast.
February 7, 1980
During these trying times, when I meet
individual Americans or even visitors
from a foreign land, I quite often have
expressions of sympathy and condolence
and encouragement because of the responsibilities that fall on a President. But
perhaps the most urgently needed expression of condolence is for a President who
has to follow, at the National Prayer
Breakfast, people like Guy and Mark Hatfield and Max Cleland and Jim Wright.
[Laughter]
And as you well know, I need your
prayers this morning for many reasons. I
was pleased with the program. As Mark
pointed out it's nondenominational and
nonpartisan, well balanced-I notice that
almost half of those on the program did
not come from Georgia. [Laughter] And
I want to thank Mark for arranging a
program so well balanced as that.
This morning I want to talk for a few
minutes about growth-growth in our
lives as we develop and growth in our
spiritual lives as we develop. All of us start
out with a sole preoccupation, as an infant
and then as a developing human being,
with one person, ourselves; later our
mothers; then our families; and as we
grow, our school classmates and the community and perhaps the district or State
or Nation. And as we go through these
phases of our life's evolution we become
more and more aware of others.
It's a difficult transformation, each
time, because as we think more and more
about others, the relative preoccupation
with ourselves becomes less and less if we
grow. It's difficult to stretch our minds
and our hearts and not become atrophied
or pleased with our present position in life,
pride, self-contained pleasure. The recognition of achievement as measured in
human terms of riches or wealth are constant temptations for us all. It's not easy
to overcome those temptations in our public lives, as Members of Congress or as
members of a Cabinet or great distinguished judges or even a President, because the higher position we occupy in a
human measured life, the more the temptations of self-satisfaction and pride press
on us.
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Feb. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I tried to think of an illustration from
my own family to prove a point. I remember my mother's letter to us one time from
India. When she was 68 years old she
joined the Peace Corps and went to India.
She's a registered nurse, and she went
there with a heart full of commitment
and as a very benevolent person in her
own character, but still it was a shock to
her to observe the living conditions
around the little community where she
served. She worked in a doctor's office,
and one day she had her first experience
with leprosy. A father came in carrying a
little girl about 8 years old, I think, in his
arms, and the doctor told Mother, his
aide, to give the little girl an injection and
to begin medical treatments.
Mother was filled with a sense of horror
and alienation and repulsion, because she,
like all of us, had learned from our earlier
stages in life about the terrible consequences of contact with leprosy. She
finally forced herself to give that child an
injection. And then a few minutes later
went to the doctor and claimed to be ill,
then went home and spent literally several
hours washing herself.
As time went on, she continued the
treatment and began to see that person
not as a horrible example of a physical illness, but as a human being. And the girl
began to get better. After a few weeks she
was partially cured. It takes a long time.
And one day the little girl came in, looked
at Mother as a friend. Mother stretched
out her arms. The little girl leaped to
Mother's arms, and Mother kissed her on
the mouth. And it was a good while later
that she even realized what she had done.
Her heart had been stretched and her
mind had been stretched, because she forgot about herself. She learned in the process, and even at the age of almost 70, she
was still growing, and she still is.
It's hard to overcome those separations
of phases of life and those separations that
separate us one from another. A human
being alone finds this to be almost an insurmountable obstacle. There are no laws
written by a Congress or signed by a President that can deal with an event in a life
similar to the one I've just described, and
there are literally millions of those events
that impress upon all of us the necessity
for change. But God's laws, the basis of
our own human laws, have no difficulty at
all in describing a path for human or
spiritual growth.
To learn about another who's different
or considered inferior is a difficult thing
indeed. It's always easier to isolate ourselves to enjoy the blessings that God has
given us, everyone in this room, without
bound, and to forget about the need to
reach out to others. When we are confronted with a requirement to change
there's always an inclination not to do so.
And when there is a division between us,
sometimes we even use that division to
build up in ourselves a hatred or an animosity against the person who's different
as a justification or a rationalization of
our own selfish, exclusive attitude toward
others.
We went through a phase in this country, particularly in the South, of separation between blacks and whites in a nation, under God, committed to equality of
opportunity. And it was not easy for me
or for others, black or white, to make that
change. It was so much easier, at that
time, to stay aloof from one another. But
the pressures of change were finally accommodated, and now we all thank God
that that difficult transformation was
made. But we can't look upon that as a
single, isolated, unique experience in a
national or human growth process. Those
challenges still press themselves upon us.
Without God, they're almost impossible.
With God, the difficulties fade away. With
God, we could realize the universality of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 7
a desire for peace. People want peace, pray
for peace, hunger for peace, not just the
absence of war but peace of mind, reassurance, a time for self-contemplation, a
time for self-analysis, a time for growth.
Peace doesn't automatically come with
religion. As Guy pointed out a few minutes ago, the root of many of the world's
most horrible conflicts or wars or death or
destruction or hatred come from the misapplication of religious beliefs and teachings-the selfish, autocratic claim: "I am
right, others are wrong."
We also learned about the universality
of God's truth. Who knows what truth is?
Someone living in a rain forest would say
it is truth that the Earth is wet. Someone living in a desert would say it is the
truth that the Earth is dry. Someone living on the Equator would say it's the
truth that the Earth is hot. Those who live
in the Arctic would say it is true that the
Earth is cold. And each one would be so
convinced with all that tangible evidence
available to them, that they were telling
the truth. Sometimes we close out conflicting views that might give us better understanding of the truth because we want to
know what's best for us.
And of course, the universality of God's
love. Not love for ourselves, not love for
our mothers, our families, our communities, our districts, our State, not even love
for our own Nation is adequate. There
must be a love based on a genuine concern
for others. One of the most difficult things
for us to do is to pray for those who hate
us, who despitefully use us, who persecute
us.
The Bible says even the worst sinners
love and pray for their friends, the ones
who love them. And sometimes we don't
go that one more step forward in growth,
not on a single cataclysmic, transforming
experience, but daily, and count those
against whom we are alienated. At least
every day, list them by name, and say,
"God, I pray for that person or those
people." Every day, I pray for the Ayatollah Khomeini. Every day I pray for the
kidnapers who hold our innocent Americans. And every day, of course, I pray for
those who are held hostages as innocents.
It's not easy to do this, and I have to force
myself sometimes to include someone on
my list, because I don't want to acknowledge that that person might be worthy of
my love. And the most difficult thing of
all, I think, is to go one step even further
than that and thank God for our own difficulties, our own disappointments, our own
failures, our own challenges, our own
tests.
But this is what I would like to leave
with you. To set a time in each day to list
all of the things that you consider to be
most difficult, most embarrassing, the
worst challenge to your own happiness,
and not only ask God to alleviate it but
preferably thank God for it. It might
sound strange, but I guarantee you it
works.
And you might say, "Why in the world
should I ask God for thanks-give thanks,
for something that seems to me so bad or
so damaging?" Well, growth in a person's
life, growth for a nation, growth spiritually, all depend on our relationship with
God. And the basis for that growth is an
understanding of God's purpose, and a
sharing of difficult responsibilities with
God through prayer.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:59 a.m. in the
International Ballroom at the Washington Hilton Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred
to Representative Guy Vander Jagt of Michigan, Senator Mark O. Hatfield of Oregon,
Max Cleland, Administrator of Veterans
Affairs, and Representative Jim Wright of
Texas.
The breakfast is sponsored by the United
States Senate and House prayer breakfast
groups.
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— ` - --- -— ~~~IU-p-~ --- —~l.l.
Feb. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Consumer Federation of America
Remarks at the Federation's Annual
Conference. February 7, 1980
Someone told me earlier that you were
going to have roses, so I feel at home.
[Laughter]
Distinguished consumer leaders of our
great country, once again, I am pleased to
meet with you. This federation has a
proud history, as a voice for consumers
and also as an incubator of great ideas.
As a matter of fact, the concept for a coop bank originated right here with you,
and now as you know, the co-op bank is
about ready to open for business. That's
just the most recent of many examples of
what you have achieved in practical
terms. From the very beginning, you have
fought for the common good of the
American people. And within our system
of government, that's also the responsibility of the President, who alone has as
his constituency all the people of our
country, and also, who alone must assess
the complex issues and the conflicts that
exist in the resolution of differences, both
on the national scene and in the international world.
I take that responsibility very seriously,
and especially now. Mutual trust among
Americans based on fairness and equity is
never more needed than in a time of crisis
when national solidarity is so important.
As you know, we are faced now with extremely difficult and complex problems
both here and around the world. Our
domestic and our foreign concerns are
more closely interrelated now, perhaps
than ever before in history. And the hard
truth is that there are no easy or simple
answers to any of these problems or any
of these questions. But as you well know,
there are answers.
The Soviet military aggression in Af
ghanistan is a serious threat to peace and
has drawn the condemnation of the entire world. We must be sure that the
Soviet Union understands the depth of
universal concern and universal outrage.
In my State of the Union speech, I described the consequences of a threat to
our own vital interests in the Persian Gulf
region. As long as Soviet invading forces
are in Afghanistan, we will continue our
own forceful actions. Normal commerce
has been interrupted. There will be no
high-technology equipment sold to the
Soviet Union. I will not issue permits for
Soviet fishermen in U.S. waters. And
neither the American people nor I will
support the sending of our athletes to the
Olympic games in Moscow as long as the
invading forces stay in Afghanistan.
Americans want peace. And when we act
calmly, firmly, and with strength, and
when we describe clearly the advantages
of peace and the absence of aggression,
then we reduce the risk of war.
The holding of our hostages has
shocked and outraged every American,
and now we are doing everything through
private diplomacy, through every avenue,
to protect America's interest, to uphold
the principles of our Nation, and to secure the safety and the release of our people with the opportunity of bringing them
home, where they are loved and where
they are not forgotten.
In Iran, in Asia and elsewhere throughout the world, the United States is meeting its international challenges with
restraint and with resolve, and Americans
have exhibited a remarkable degree of
national unity and common purpose.
As President, I need your help, and I
need your understanding, and I need your
support. We must defend our interests at
home as well as abroad. Above all, that
means cutting out our excessive dependence on foreign oil, which makes our Na
278
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 7
tion so vulnerable now and in the future.
There are only two things that we can do.
One is to conserve energy, and the other
one is to produce more American energy.
These two are also closely interrelated,
one with another.
We must face facts. We have no choice
but to make a painful adjustment to rapidly increasing worldwide energy prices.
We cannot afford to mislead ourselves.
Subsidizing oil prices to keep them artificially low can only harm both the efforts
that I just described: conservation-because people are inclined to use too much
oil when the price is held below what it
ought to be, and it obstructs the production of American energy if artificially
cheap oil is available in preference to
solar energy or other competitive energies
which give us opportunities for the future.
After 3 years of some of the toughest
legislative battles ever seen on Capitol
Hill, we are on the verge of enacting a
comprehensive energy policy for our
country that will improve the way we
conserve energy and preserve and improve the way that we produce energy.
Congressional leaders have acted responsibly under very difficult circumstances in
getting this program through the House
and through the Senate. But the conference committees, particularly those on the
energy security corporation and energy
mobilization board, are another story.
We expected them to act last year. Now
it's February, and the conferees are still
bogged down in bickering and delay. Apparently they do not share the sense of
urgency that is felt by the American people on this crucial question of an energy
policy.
Our national security, the quality of
our lives, national unity, common understanding, fairness and equity depend
upon the rapid completion of this energy
policy without further delay in the Con
gress. And then we'll have an energy program that will help us to cut down waste,
produce American coal, crude oil, natural
gas, synthetics, will help us to shift to solar and other replenishable forms of
energy, and will also help us at the same
time to protect the quality of our environment.
We must never forget that conservation
is the cheapest and the cleanest source of
energy. When we insulate a home, when
we ride in an efficient vehicle, when we
share a ride with a fellow worker, we not
only spend less for fuel, we also breathe
cleaner air, and we do something concrete
for the future of our country. It does require some sacrifice, but it is actually a
better way to live.
Throughout the world these days, there
are, and must be in the future, sacrifices.
But in our country we-you and I-must
see that sacrifices are shared again with
equity and with fairness. That's why we
have fought to get more than $10 billion
set aside in the next 5 years to help lowincome consumers pay the inevitably increasing prices of energy and to weatherize their homes and to have a chance to
benefit from the improved ways of addressing the energy problem. That's why
I will be fighting for the passage of a
standby gasoline rationing plan to be imposed in our country if we should have a
severe energy shortage. And that's why I
fought so hard for a strong windfall profits tax, so that oil companies can share
their portion of these burdens. Yesterday,
the windfall profits tax conference committee made good progress, after a long
delay, and I'm convinced that very soon
now the Congress will act favorably upon
this major proposal.
You also know that the skyrocketing
prices of energy, everywhere on Earth, is
the biggest cause of inflation. And infla
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Feb. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tion continues to be the number one
threat to consumers.
As President, I must tell the truth about
inflation. The inflation we face now took
15 years to build up. It's a worldwide
problem. In the nations, some of whom
are our close allies, the inflation rate is
now above 100 percent per year. The
battle to reduce inflation will be long and
hard, and there will be no easy victories.
Inflation cannot be vanquished without
effort and sacrifice. It cannot be abolished
by decree or by law or by creating a
gigantic new Federal bureaucracy. There
are no simple solutions, no magic wands
that we can wave and expect inflation to
go away.
In the short term, our most urgent task
is to prevent the OPEC price increases
from being embedded permanently in the
wage-price structure of our Nation's economy. We also share a deep moral obligation and commitment to see that the burdens of inflation do not fall disproportionately on the poor and the weak and
the inarticulate. Beyond that, we must
face the fundamental causes of inflation.
This means more saving, more investments, more basic research, more competition, more technological innovation to
give us a more productive America. It
also means budget restraint, always with
a sensitivity to human needs. It means
that we cannot do everything we would
like to do. It means hard choices, and
those of us who are leaders must be ready
and able and have the courage to make
those hard choices.
If we are to control inflation, we simply cannot afford the wanton waste of the
taxpayers' money. The water projects bill
which just passed the House is shot
through with textbook examples of that
wanton waste of American taxpayers'
money.
I'd like to quote for you from what a
great American once said: "The days of
porkbarrel legislation are over. Every dollar of our expenditures for port facilities,
for inland waterways, for flood control,
for the reclamation of swamp and arid
lands, for highways, for public buildings,
shall be expended only by trained men
in accordance with a continuing plan."
The author of that statement was
Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It was made
in 1920, when he made an acceptance of
the nomination as a Democratic candidate for Vice President. I'm sure he was
bitterly disappointed when he got to the
White House and began to deal with the
American Congress-[laughter]-because
here we are 60 years later, and the porkbarrel express is still rolling along. Unless
we derail it, it will roll right over our
budget and it will flatten our anti-inflation efforts.
I've been fighting this battle with the
help of many of you for 3 years. I have
vetoed a similar bill already. I believe in
a sound water projects program, and I've
submitted such a program to Congress.
It would spend precious tax dollars, in
FDR's words, "in accordance with a
continuing plan," but the House bill is
part of no rational plan. Some $2.5 billion, more than [half] 1 the total amount
authorized by this bill, would be almost
pure waste-projects that are still being
studied, projects that have never been
studied, projects that have been thoroughly studied and found to be unsound.
In addition, this bill would commit us to
new Federal spending programs that
would amount to tens of billions of dollars
in the years ahead. Waste creates
inflation.
The water resources bill, as passed by
the House, is a bad bill. It's a wasteful
bill. It's an inflationary bill. And with
1 White House correction.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 7
your help and support, I do not intend to
allow that bill to become law.
You and I share the responsibility also
of making the government work, competently and compassionately, for consumers, for workers, for a competitive free
enterprise system, for the environment,
even in a time of economic and political
adversity, which we face right now. Part
of our success has been a direct result of
the people that we have been able to
bring into government.
You in the consumer movement have
lent me some of your best advocates to
serve American consumers in the top positions in government. I'm particularly
proud of people like Joan Claybrook, Susan King, and Mike Pertschuk, and
Father Geno Baroni, and Sam Brown,
Graciela Olivarez, and of course, your
own former executive secretary, Carol
Foreman.
There are many others, but I want to
say a special word about one of them,
Esther Peterson, my Special Assistant.
She's my Special Assistant for Consumer
Affairs. I love her. I guess we all do. But
she is more than lovable; she is also very
effective. She has more courage and understanding and experience in fighting for
consumers than anyone I know, and I'm
very proud to be her friend and her coworker. Sometimes I don't know who
gives the orders, but I know I always
carry out what she decides.
As she points out to me, a key to making government work is direct citizen
participation. I recently signed a consumers' protection Executive order, drafted
by Esther Peterson, to ensure that consumer voices will be heard in a loud and
clear form in every major agency of the
Federal Government. Government agencies will seek new ways to involve citizens
in their decisions. My regulatory reform
bill will extend public participation fund
ing throughout the entire Federal Government. Together, sometimes over tremendous difficulty, we are opening the
doors, and it's up to you to enter and to
bring other Americans through those
doors.
I promised to reform government regulation everywhere I could. My goals for
regulatory reform are very clear. Where
regulation is unnecessary, where it stifles
competition, regulation should be eliminated.
Often traditional regulation of industries such as airlines and trucking just
protects cartels, little OPEC's, that keep
prices high by keeping competition out.
Airline deregulation revolutionized air
transportation and produced $2.5 billion
in savings for consumers. Trucking deregulation will save billions of dollars more.
This is a goal that was pursued by a hero
of yours and mine, Senator Phil Hart.
And our commitment to these kinds of
goals and ideals are a tribute to him and
to his ideals. And I would like to pay
particular tribute, again, to another Senator, Senator Ted Kennedy-who will be
speaking later on today to you-a good
consumer advocate, one who's worked as
a partner with me in the evolution and
now the passage of the trucking deregulation legislation.
Where regulation is necessary, we
should make sure it works efficiently.
When OSHA eliminates 1,000 nitpicking
regulations which turns the public against
the agency, and turns its attention to serious health problems in the workplace,
every American is a gainer.
These are commonsense goals, and we
will achieve them. But I will vigorously
oppose these special interests which now
seek under the guise of regulatory reform,
to turn aside protection for the consumer, to turn aside protection in the
workplace, to turn aside protection for
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Feb. 7
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the environment. Those forces are massive. We will reform regulation, but we
will not wreck legislation which protects
the kind of regulation that will care for
all of us and those for whom we care.
I salute you for the measure that you've
taken to help America be a more decent
place, and to give our people a more decent society. Every child saved by burn
safety rules, every person alive today because automobiles and highways are safer,
every person who drinks pure water and
who breathes clean air, every worker who's
saved from a painful death because of a
job-derived disease, every such human
being owes you a debt of gratitude. We
must work together to protect these gains.
As you know, there are an extraordinary array of special interests who have
now put the antitrust and consumer protection efforts of the Federal Trade Commission at the top of their hit list. Obviously, no agency should be immune
from scrutiny and assessment and correction and clarification. But a fine-tuning
operation must not be turned into a
wrecking crew.
The Federal Trade Commission Act is
one of the oldest and most fundamental
safeguards we have for the integrity of the
American marketplace. It's been there
since an early consumer advocate in the
White House, Woodrow Wilson, signed
this act into law in 1914. It is so basic to
the fabric of trust and fairness in the
American free economy that we tend to
take it for granted. We can no longer do
that. We have to fight for it. And together
we will fight for it and we will protect the
Federal Trade Commission.
Just look briefly at some of the accusations against the FTC. It is not wrong to
tell a bereaved and a vulnerable consumer
how much a funeral will cost. It is not bad
to allow professionals-doctors, lawyers,
and others-to give information to their
clients who are consumers. It does no
harm to restore competition to over-protected industries and to save consumers
hundreds of millions of dollars per year.
Yet, provisions exactly like these are now
being considered by Congress which
would stop activities like these dead in
their tracks.
One especially harmful idea would allow legislative veto of FTC regulations.
This is unconstitutional, this is bad government. It would create a whole new
form of redtape. It would turn regulatory
enforcement into an endless process of
capricious negotiation with special interests. I'm glad that yesterday, with your
help, the Senate rejected a one-House veto
amendment. And I hope that the Congress, in its wisdom, will reject all such
congressional veto amendments in the
future.
The Federal Trade Commission is one
of the greatest weapons the American
public has to guarantee truth and integrity and competition in the marketplace.
I will not let it be picked to pieces. And I
want to make it clear to Mike and to you
and to the Congress by pledging to you
now that if the Congress sends me a bill
that cripples the ability of the Federal
Trade Commission to protect the consumers of America, then I, as President,
will veto that bill.
It would be a serious mistake for us to
underestimate the seriousness of this issue,
not just because of what the FTC doesit's not only important in its own right,
greatly important, but it's also symbolic of
what can happen in the future. If we
should lose this battle-and I'm resolved
that we will not-then we would have a
much more difficult task of winning similar battles to protect consumers in the
Congress in the future.
I'll continue to do everything in my
power to defend consumers against those
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Feb. 7
selfish special interests. But I cannot do it
alone; no President could. President
Harry Truman expressed the problem
well when he said: "You know, they have
lobbies down there-the power trust, and
they have the real estate lobby, and they
have the oil lobbies, and they have lobbies
for this and that and the other thing. And
the only lobby that the people have is the
man who sits in the White House. He
represents 150 million Americans who
cannot afford a lobby."
Of course, now I have you as allies, but
the President still represents the people
who cannot afford a lobby. President Truman could never have predicted the
changes that now make it so hard for a
President alone, or even with the Consumer Federation, to balance the scales.
Ours is a time when a lobbyist pushing one
button on a computer can immediately
send 10,000 letters on any subject to the
Congressmen on the Hill. But consumers
have some things that special interests do
not have. We have the power of numbers.
And we have right and justice on our side.
But I have to remind you that this
power must be effectively marshaled and
effectively used. Citizens groups cannot
afford the luxury of special or single issue
orientation. Citizens groups cannot afford the luxury of divisions among ourselves. Citizens groups cannot afford to
attack one another simply because we
differ on the nuances of protection of consumers. We must join forces when any
one of the goals that we support is threatened. We need the help of each other.
And now especially I need your help on
a good consumer agenda-a strong windfall profits tax, a national health plan, hospital cost containment, the enhancement
of personal privacy, trucking deregulation, helping small savers get a better
return on their money, protecting the
FTC, and sound class action legislation,
many other items. The agenda is broad,
the issues are sharply drawn, the threat
is great, unity is mandatory.
Congress will not respond to consumers
if it does not hear from consumers. And
that is quite often the difference between
victory or defeat. While we sit complacently by or concentrating on one issue
on the agenda, the lobbyists are working
day and night with a highly focused,
highly competent effort to change one
vote and then another and then another,
in some obscure paragraph in legislation
that might cause catastrophe in the life
of many Americans. We must spread the
message together, for when special interests fight against consumers, it's an assault
on the pocketbooks and the health and the
safety of the American people. That's the
message that needs to be promulgated.
I'm speaking out as President. You
need to spread the message yourselves in
your neighborhoods, in your churches, in
your union halls, in your co-ops, in the
news media, and on Capitol Hill. If together we can let the truth be known, then
together we will prevail.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in
the Presidential Ballroom at the Capitol Hilton
Hotel.
Relations With Islamic Nations
Statement by the President. February 7, 1980
The history of Islam is very long compared to that of the United States. Islam
is celebrating the first year of its 15th
century. As an independent nation, we
have only just entered our third. But from
the beginning, the United States has enjoyed close and valued ties with the Muslim world.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
A Muslim state, Morocco, was the first
to recognize our independence. Our
kaleidoscopic population includes a vigorous Islamic community. Many scholars
from the Muslim world pursue their studies here. Centers for Islamic and Middle
Eastern studies-many of which you represent-have grown up in universities all
over America.
I have been struck, personally and in
my experience as President, by the human
and moral values which Americans as a
people share with Islam. We share, first
and foremost, a deep faith in the one Supreme Being. We are all commanded by
Him to faith, compassion, and justice. We
have a common respect and reverence for
law. Despite the strains of the modern
age, we continue to place special importance on the family and the home. And we
share a belief that hospitality is a virtue
and that the host, whether a nation or an
individual, should behave with generosity
and honor toward guests.
On the basis of both values and interests, the natural relationship between
Islam and the United States is one of
friendship. I affirm that friendship, both
as a reality and as a goal-just as I totally
reject any attempt to make moral and
spiritual beliefs a barrier to understanding, rather than the bridge they can and
should be.
I am determined to strengthen, not
weaken, the longstanding and valued
bonds of friendship and cooperation between the United States and many Muslim nations. We will lend our support to
any nation working for peace and justice
and to resist external domination. We
will continue our efforts to help resolve
peaceably-and with justice-the international disputes, including the ArabIsraeli conflict, which affect the Muslim
world.
It is with profound revulsion that the
world now witnesses the rejection of these
principles of understanding and respect
on the part of the Soviet Union. Today,
in a Muslim country, Russian troops are
making war against a people whose dedication to independence is as fierce as their
faith.
In a time of grave danger and upheaval, I want to reaffirm what I said a
few weeks ago: We have the deepest respect and reverence for Islam and all who
share the faith of Islam.
Of course there is indignation among
Americans today over events in one
Islamic country. I share that indignation.
But I can assure you that this just anger
will not be twisted into a false resentment
against Islam or its faithful. I say that
with confidence, because a respect for
religious faith is so deeply ingrained in
the character of the American people.
We continue to seek the closest possible
political, economic, and cultural ties with
the Islamic nations and with Muslims
throughout the world. That has not
changed, and it will not change.
NOTE: The President read the statement at the
beginning of his meeting with representatives
of faculties in Islamic studies from Washington area universities, which was held in the
Roosevelt Room at the White House.
Meeting With Prime Minister
J. Malcolm Fraser of Australia
Remarks to Reporters on the Prime Minister's
Departure. February 7,1980
THE PRESIDENT. We're delighted to welcome back to the White House Prime
Minister Malcolm Fraser of Australia,
who came here a few days ago to consult
very closely with me on matters of common interest to our two countries, but particularly the late developing events cen
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Fb
Feb. 7
tered around the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
Following his visit here, Prime Minister
Fraser went to London to meet with the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom,
Great Britain,' then went to meet with the
Chancellor of Germany, and then the
President of France. Following those
visits, the leaders of the European countries suggested that because his meetings
were so fruitful with them that he might
stop by to see me again to give me a report on the consultations in Europe. I'm
deeply grateful that Prime Minister
Fraser has been willing to do this. His report has, indeed, been helpful.
We are grateful also to Australia because of their courageous stand as an ally
of ours in condemning the inva~sion that
threatens the peace in Southwest Asia and
the Persian Gulf region; the fact that as
a major exporter of grain, Australia immediately announced that they would not
replace the grain being withheld by our
country from the Soviet Union. And I'm
also very pleased at the close military, economic, and political alliance that exists
among Australia, New ZAaland, and the
United States.
There was a meeting of foreign ministers scheduled in this Alliance in July. At
the suggestion of Prime Minister Fraser,
we have decided to move that meeting up
until the last week in February so that we
can expedite the common discussions
among us about the situation in the
Indian Ocean and the regions bordering
that sea.
We have had a thorough discussion
about the Olympics and what might be
done concerning the Olympics if the
Soviets do not quickly withdraw all their
forces from Afghanistan, and Prime Minister Fraser has taken the lead in this discussion and consultation as well. It's with
a great deal of pleasure that I welcome
him back here, and I'd like to ask him as
an honored guest to make a few comments to you.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you very
much, Mr. President. I value very greatly,
indeed, the discussions that we had a few
days ago and also today. I had said at the
outset of this round of discussions that I
have undertaken that it's important for
the development of Australia's own policy
in the future to know as well as possible,
the mind of the President of the United
States, the policies of this country, and
also of principal countries in Europe.
We have no presumptuous view of the
influence of 14 million Australians, but
we are determined to play what part we
can in a cause that is important for free
peoples, wherever they may be. We're
glad, indeed,' and thankful that the
United States has responded in recent
days, that the President made and delivered the statement he did in the State
of the Union message, which should
surely give clear warnings to the Soviets
about any further moves beyond Afghanistan,, and the clear need that there clearly
is to bring greater reassurance to the
world by removing forces from Afghanistan.
There are times when all of us in independent nations have necessarily to depend on the United States for the kind of
world in which we live. This is the world's
greatest free power, the strongest country
in the world. And in times of danger, in
times of invasion-as there have been,
the Soviet of Afghanistan-it is the
United States that must set a lead. And
the United States has done what is necessary in the preservation, as Australia believes, of world peace. And because we
strongly believe that what the President
has done is right, because we strongly believe that what the President has done is
necessary, Australia has moved to sup
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Feb. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
port —in what ways we can —the actions
of the United States, and we will continue
to do so in a cause which is of such great
importance for us all.
The United States has also taken a lead
over the matter of the Olympics. And I
was shown some days ago that small
document that has been handed out by
Soviet activists in Moscow giving their
view of what the Olympics mean and how
they're going to exploit it amongst their
own people. The Soviets themselves have
made it perfectly plain that they regard
the Olympic games being held in Moscow
as a great social and political event, not
at that moment speaking about a great
sporting event which is what it was meant
to be. And they've also made it perfectly
plain, in their own writings and documents, that they would regard the rewarding of the games to Moscow as a
mark of approval of Soviet foreign policy.
Now, against the background of their
own statements and against the background of their invasion of Afghanistan,
how can free peoples' representatives go
to Moscow and, no matter what they
themselves might say, allow the Soviets to
say of them that their presence there is a
mark of approval of Soviet foreign
policy? Because that's plainly in the current circumstances what the Soviet
Union would in fact be saying.
Mr. President, I welcome very much
the discussions that we've been able to
have; they've been extraordinarily useful
to me. They have given me much, if it
was needed, much greater confidence that
the United States, together with allies in
Europe, is determined to do what must
be done to preserve all those things which
the people of the United States and the
people of Australia hold most dear.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:46 p.m. on the
South Grounds of the White House.
On the same day, the White House released
the following list of the persons attending the
meeting.
THE PRESIDENT
SECRETARY OF STATE CYRUS R. VANCE
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER ZBIGNIEW
BRZEZINSKI
COUNSEL TO THE PRESIDENT LLOYD CUTLER
ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE
MICHAEL ARMACOST
ROGER W. SULLIVAN, NSC STAFF
PRIME MINISTER J. MALCOLM FRASER
MINISTER OF HEALTH AND MINISTER ASSISTING THE PRIME MINISTER, M. J. MACKELLAR
AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED STATES, SIR
NICHOLAS PARKINSON
SECRETARY, DEPUTY OF THE PRIME MINISTER
AND CABINET, SIR GEOFFREY YEEND
SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, P. G. F.
HENDERSON
Exports of Nuclear Fuels
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate. February 7, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of
1978 (NNPA)Oamended the Atomic Energy Act to establish new criteria for nuclear exports. Included was a requirement
that the U.S. have a right to consent to
the reprocessing of fuel exported from the
U.S.
Our agreements with the European
Atomic Energy Community (EUR
ATOM) do not contain such a right. To
avoid disrupting cooperation with
EURATOM, the NNPA included a proviso permitting continued cooperation
until March 10, 1980, if EURATOM
agreed to negotiations concerning our
cooperation agreements.
In July 1978, EURATOM agreed to
discussions on the agreements on the understanding that the issues being studied
in the International Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Evaluation (INFCE) would not be ad
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 8
dressed in the US-EURATOM discussions until completion of INFCE, and
that the results of INFCE would be taken
into account in the final negotiations. We
have had two rounds of such discussions
with EURATOM-in November 1978
and September 1979. A third meeting is
scheduled for April 1980, shortly after
INFCE concludes its work.
To continue nuclear cooperation with
EURATOM after March 10, 1980, we
have to extend our waiver of the provision
relating to U.S. approval of reprocessing.
Under the law, this can be done only on
an annual basis, and only after a Presidential determination that failure to cooperate would seriously prejudice the
achievement of U.S. non-proliferation objectives or would otherwise jeopardize the
common defense and security. The Act
further provides for notification to the
Congress of any such determination.
During the November 1978 and September 1979 discussions with EUR
ATOM, progress was made in clarifying
the issues and positions relating to our
agreement for cooperation. Our next session with EURATOM, in April 1980,
will be our first chance to deal with the
substantive issues addressed in INFCE
and to determine how we can factor the
results of that study into our agreement
for cooperation. Our continued cooperation with EURATOM during this period
is essential to demonstrating our reliability as a reliable partner in the sensitive
area of energy supply-and thus improving the prospects for international acceptance of measures to limit proliferation.
For these reasons, I have determined
that failure to continue peaceful nuclear
cooperation with the European Atomic
Energy Community would be seriously
prejudicial to the achievement of U.S.
non-proliferation objectives and would
otherwise jeopardize the common defense
and security of the U.S. I will therefore
issue, in the immediate future, an Executive Order extending the waiver of the
application of the relevant export criterion of the NNPA for an additional
twelve months from March 10, 1980.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
United States Ambassador
to Bolivia
Nomination of Marvin Weissman.
February 8, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Marvin Weissman, of
Bethesda, Md., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Bolivia. He would replace Paul H. Boeker, resigning.
Weissman has been Ambassador to
Costa Rica since 1977.
He was born January 25, 1927, in
Cleveland, Ohio. He received a Ph. B.
from the University of Chicago in 1948
and an M.P.A. from Maxwell Graduate
School at Syracuse University in 1953. He
served in the U.S. Army from 1945 to
1946.
From 1950 to 1954, Weissman was an
examiner with the Bureau of the Budget.
From 1954 to 1955, he was a public administration advisor with the International Cooperation Administration in
Santiago, Chile. From 1955 to 1958, he
was an economic and financial consultant
in Chile and Venezuela.
In 1958 Weissman was director of the
International Cooperation Administra
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Feb. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tion's first Latin American regional conference on administrative management.
From 1958 to 1961, he was chief of the
International Cooperation Administration's Public Administration Division in
Quito, Ecuador. In 1959 he was a consultant on budgetary administration to the
Peruvian Finance Ministry.
Weissman was a public administration
advisor in Lima from 1961 to 1962 and director of the Office for Institutional Development at the Alliance for Progress
from 1962 to 1963. He was Director of the
U.S. AID mission to Guatemala from
1963 to 1967, to Colombia from 1967 to
1973, and to Brazil from 1973 to 1975.
From 1975 to 1977, he was Director of the
Office of Central American Affairs at the
State Department.
Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration
Nomination of Homer F. Broome, Jr., To Be
Administrator. February 8, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Homer F. Broome, Jr.,
of Los Angeles, Calif., to be Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration (LEAA). This is a new
position created by Public Law 96-157,
the Justice System Improvement Act of
1979, which redefines the responsibilities
of LEAA and creates the Office of Justice
Assistance, Research, and Statistics.
Broome has been Deputy Administrator of LEAA since 1978.
He was born June 23, 1931, in Los Angeles. He received a B.A. from California
State University in 1958 and an M.B.A.
from Pepperdine University in 1973. He
served in the U.S. Army from 1952 to
1954.
Broome joined the Los Angeles Police
Department in 1961 and was promoted
through the ranks to commander of police. At the time of his appointment to
LEAA in 1978, he was commanding officer of the Commission Service Group of
the Board of Police Commissioners.
Office of Justice Assistance,
Research, and Statistics
Nomination of Henry S. Dogin To Be Director.
February 8, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Henry S. Dogin, of Armonk, N.Y., to be Director of the Office
of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics. This is a new position created by
Public Law 96-157, the Justice System
Improvement Act of 1979.
Dogin has been Administrator of the
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) since 1979.
He was born December 26, 1934, in
Brooklyn, N.Y. He received a B.A. from
Cornell University in 1956 and an LL.B.
from Columbia School of Law in 1961.
He served in the U.S. Navy from 1956 to
1958.
From 1961 to 1967, Dogin was assistant district attorney for the county of
New York. From 1967 to 1971, he was
assistant counsel to the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor. He served
as Deputy Regional Administrator of the
New York Regional Office of LEAA from
1971 to 1973.
Dogin was Deputy Assistant Attorney
General for the Criminal Division from
1973 to 1975 and Acting Administrator
of the Drug Enforcement Agency from
1975 to 1976.
From 1976 to 1978, he was deputy
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 8
commissioner of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. From
1978 to 1979, he was Deputy Administrator of LEAA for Policy Development
and served as Acting Administrator.
Selective Service Revitalization
Statement on the Registration of Americans
for the Draft. February 8, 1980
On Monday, February 11, I will transmit to the Congress a comprehensive report on strengthening this Nation's capacity for rapid personnel mobilization in
an emergency.
The United States is committed to
peace-a peace that allows every nation
to live in an atmosphere free of coercion
or intimidation. We pursue that goal
through many kinds of national strengththe strength of our ideals, the strength of
our economy, the strength of our alliances
and our relationships with other countries,
the strength of our national will and
unity, and the strength of our military
forces.
We maintain a strong military establishment not for aggressive purposes, but
as a bulwark to be used against aggression and war. Military readiness may be
the best guarantee that military force
need never be used. Even in the nuclear
age, we must be prepared for conventional conflict-and deterring such conflict may depend on the timely availability
of our forces.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
poses a serious threat to a region that is
vital to the long-term interests of the
United States and our allies. It represents
the first time since World War II that the
Soviets have used their military force to
invade an independent nation outside the
sphere of the Warsaw Pact. This brutal act
of aggression has called forth the condemnation of the whole world-and a
series of firm and measured responses
from the United States.
These responses include continuing to
increase necessary defense spending, restricting the sale of grain and high technology products to the Soviet Union, and
seeking to prevent the summer Olympics
being held in Moscow. We have made it
clear to the Soviet Union that it must pay
a severe price for choosing the path of
violence and aggression.
Registration for the draft is needed to
increase our preparedness and is a further
demonstration of our resolve as a nation.
It will improve our capacity, if circumstances require, to increase the size and
strength of our Armed Forces-and that
capacity will itself help to maintain peace
and to prevent conflict in the region of the
Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia.
Our objective is plain: to deter Soviet
aggression. A vigorous effort to improve
our current capabilities will help achieve
that goal.
Accordingly, I will take the following
actions to allow us to meet personnel requirements in an emergency:
-I will seek from Congress funds to
register American young men under existing law.
-I will seek additional authority to
register women for noncombat service to
our Nation.
-I will take steps to enable the Selective Service System to carry out registration in the most economical and efficient
way, using the U.S. Postal Service for the
registration process, the Internal Revenue
Service and the Social Security Administration for computer support, and the
Department of State for overseas registration.
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Feb. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-I will develop new procedures for
the selection and training of local draft
board members. Registration does not require that we reconstitute local boards
now, but as part of our effort to revitalize
the Selective Service machinery we are
developing plans to select and train local
board members for availability in the
event of a mobilization emergency.
I will request additional funds from the
Congress of $20.5 million in FY '80 and
$24.5 million in FY '81 for the Selective
Service System to carry out this program.
In peacetime, our military manpower
policy continues to rely on voluntary enlistment. I will continue to strengthen the
All Volunteer Force. My 1981 budget
requests $500 million in new authority for
better recruitment and retention in our
active and reserve forces.
My decision to renew registration is in
no sense a move away from the volunteer
force, which is performing its mission well.
We are maintaining our Armed Forces
with volunteers, and recruitment is holding up well.
In developing the All Volunteer Force,
we have always recognized that it would
have to be supplemented by the draft at a
time of national emergency and mobilization. Should that time ever come I am
committed to ensure that the draft would
be fair and nondiscriminatory.
Renewing registration for the draft now
will save us critical time in the event of
mobilization. This additional readiness
could range from several weeks to several
months, depending on the state of the
Selective Service machinery and the nature of the emergency.
The process of registration in peacetime is simple. Individuals will go to their
local post office and fill out a brief form.
No draft card will be issued. No classification or examination of the person
registering will be required. If mobiliza
tion is required in the future, the Congress would have to authorize through
separate legislation registrants to be inducted into the Armed Forces. We must
be prepared if the need arises.
My decision to register women is a
recognition of the reality that both women and men are working members of our
society. It confirms what is already obvious throughout our society-that women
are now providing all types of skills in
every profession. The military should be
no exception. In fact, there are already
150,000 women serving in our Armed
Forces today, in a variety of duties, up
from 38,000 only 10 years ago. They are
performing well, and they have improved
the level of skills in every branch of the
military service.
There is no distinction possible, on the
basis of ability or performance, that
would allow me to exclude women from
an obligation to register.
I am very much aware of the concern
that many Americans feel about the issue of women in combat. There are almost as many job categories in the military services as there are in civilian life,
and many of these categories do not involve combat. In the All Volunteer Force,
women are now successfully carrying out
tasks which, in the event of hostilities,
would involve deploying them in or near
combat zones. But women are not assigned to units where engagement in close
combat would be part of their duties,
and I have no intention of changing that
policy.
In every area of our national life, women are meeting the responsibilities of citizenship. That is as true of the military
services as it is of the political arena or
the economy of our Nation. Just as we
are asking women to assume additional
responsibilities, it is more urgent than ever
that the women in America have full and
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
equal rights under the Constitution.
Equal obligations deserve equal rights.
I urge the Congress to act on my proposals promptly. The registration of young
people is an important element in our
overall response to Soviet aggression. It
signals our resolve and enhances our military preparedness. This step, along with
the others we have taken, displays our
commitment to peace and our readiness to
defend it.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the
President's public schedule and other
items of general interest announced by
the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
February 2
The President met at the White House
with David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs.
The President left the White House for
a stay at Camp David, Md.
The White House announced that the
President has declared an emergency for
the State of California because a threat
to public health and safety and property
exists in the Sacramento/San Joaquin
Delta area of California as the result of
torrential rains, high tides, and strong
winds, beginning on or about January 13.
February 3
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David.
February 4
The President met at the White House
with:
-Mr. Aaron;
-the Cabinet;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Director of the Peace Corps Pichard
F. Celeste and Peace Corps volunteer
Deborah Loff;
-Reggie Jackson of the New York
Yankees, Dave Parker of the Pittsburgh Pirates, Julius Erving of the
Philadelphia 76'ers, and Franco
Harris of the Pittsburgh Steelers.
The President and Mrs. Carter hosted
a buffet dinner for cast members of the
musical "West Side Story."
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the Administration on Aging and the 10th
annual report on the Natural Gas Pipeline
Safety Act of 1968.
February 5
The President met at the White House
with:
-Mr. Aaron;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-Mr. Moore;
-Sam Brown, Director of ACTION;
-the President's Commission for a National Agenda for the Eighties.
In a White House ceremony, the President announced the release of a 2-year
study by the Federal Government of the
Puerto Rican economy. Governor Carlos
Romero-Barcelo of the Commonwealth
of Puerto Rico received the study on behalf of the Puerto Rican government and
people.
The President attended a briefing by
Mrs. Carter given for congressional wives
in the East Room at the White House.
The President spoke by telephone in
the afternoon with Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt of the Federal Republic of Germany. The purpose of the conversation
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
was to discuss, and for the President to
hear from Chancellor Schmidt firsthand,
an account of the recently completed
meetings between the Chancellor and
President Valery Giscard d'Estaing of
France. The President was pleased with
the conversation. The Chancellor, in that
conversation, emphasized that the President could have the confidence in both
the Chancellor and President Giscard
d'Estaing, particularly when the going is
rough. He asked that the President tell
Americans that these two leaders are "by
his side" in this situation. The Chancellor made clear, as they did in the communique issued following the meetings,
that the Soviet Union should take its
troops out of Afghanistan without delay,
and that there should be no doubt about
the fidelity of France and Germany to
the Western Alliance and to the United
States.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report on the administration of the Railroad Safety Act
of 1970.
February 6
The President met at the White House
with:
-Mr. Aaron;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Secretary of the Treasury G. William
Miller, Under Secretary of Labor
John N. Gentry, Charles L. Schultze,
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell,
Director of the Council on Wage and
Price Stability, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Alfred E.
Kahn, Advisor to the President on
Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic
Affairs and Policy, and Alonzo L.
McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the
President;
-Representative Joseph M. Gaydos of
Pennsylvania and civic and political
leaders from his congressional district;
-Mr. Moore;
-Clark Clifford, the President's personal emissary to India;
-Mr. Schultze;
-representatives of the Chapel of the
Four Chaplains in Pennsylvania;
-representatives of the Boy Scouts of
America, to receive the Scouts' annual report to the Nation;
-Mayor Robert Kozaren and members of the city council of Hamtramck, Mich.;
-Alexander Trowbridge, president,
and Forrest Rettgers, executive vice
president, National Association of
Manufacturers.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials given for Ynembers of the New England Fuel Institute
in the East Room at the White House.
February 7
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs;
-Thomas McGee, speaker of the
house of the Massachusetts General
Court.
The White House announced that the
President has declared a major disaster
for the State of Hawaii as a result of
severe storms, high surf, and flooding during the period January 7-16, which
caused extensive property damage.
The President transmitted to the Congress the fiscal year 1981 budget for the
District of Columbia and the second annual report of the Department of Energy.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of Ruth R. Harkin as a
member of the Board of Directors of the
Rural Telephone Bank. Harkin is Deputy General Counsel of the Department
of Agriculture.
February 8
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
Vance, Secretary of Defense Harold
Brown, Hedley W. Donovan, Senior
Adviser to the President, Hamilton
Jordan, Assistant to the President,
Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Sol M. Linowitz, Personal Representative of the President to the
Middle East peace negotiations;
-Mr. Moore.
The President left the White House for
a stay at Camp David.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted February 8, 1980
MARVIN WEISSMAN, of Maryland, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States of America to Bolivia.
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted February 8-Continued
HENRY S. DOGIN, of New York, to be Director
of the Office of Justice Assistance, Research,
and Statistics (new position).
HOMER F. BROOME, JR., of California, to be
Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (new position).
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released February 5, 1980
Fact sheet: report on the economy of Puerto
Rico
Released February 7, 1980
Advance text: remarks at the annual convention of the Consumer Federation of
America
Released February 8, 1980
Fact sheet: Selective Service revitalization
News conference: on Selective Service revitalization-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to
the President for Domestic Affairs and
Policy, and John P. White, Deputy Director
of the Office of Management and Budget
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved February 8, 1980
H.R. 4320 --- —-------- Public Law 96-189
An act to consent to the amended Bear River
Compact between the States of Utah. Idaho.
and Wyoming.
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Week Ending Friday, February 15, 1980
Maine Democratic
Party Caucuses
Statement by the President.
February 10, 1980
I am grateful to the Democrats of
Maine for this welcome vote of support. I
especially appreciate the hard work and
dedication of the thousands of supporters
and volunteers in the State whose efforts
made this victory possible.
I regret that international circumstances made it impossible for me to travel
to Maine during this campaign, and I look
forward to the time when I am able once
again to personally and directly seek the
support of my fellow Democrats around
the country.
Both Senator Kennedy and Governor
Brown ran strong, well-organized races,
and I congratulate them on their
campaigns.
Employee Retirement
Income Security Act
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. February 11, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with Section 107 of Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1978, I am
transmitting an evaluation of the extent
to which this Reorganization Plan has alleviated the problems associated with the
present administrative structure under the
Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974 (ERISA). The evaluation
also includes recommendations for a longterm administrative structure under
ERISA.
The study concludes that the Reorganization Plan has significantly alleviated
the problems in ERISA administration to
which it was addressed: the processing of
applications for exemptions from prohibited transaction provisions and the issuing of regulations. In addition, there
have been substantial further reductions
in the paperwork burden associated with
the Act, and the Department of Labor
and the Department of the Treasury have
begun cooperative agreements to improve
the coordination of their field enforcement activities. Continued improvement
is expected.
I am pleased with the success of the Reorganization Plan in simplifying and improving the unnecessarily complex administrative requirements of ERISA. I believe
that the establishment of an Interagency
Employee Benefit Council, as recommended by the evaluation, will address the
problems of the long-term administration
of the program. My staff is carefully considering the steps necessary to establish
the Council, as a part of my Administration's continuing commitment to making
government more effective and less intrusive in the lives of our people.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 11, 1980.
NOTE: The 81-page report, prepared by the
Office of Management and Budget, is entitled
"Study of the Administration of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)Report to the Congress, January 1980."
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
United States International
Development Cooperation
Agency
Nomination of Guy Feliz Erb To Be Deputy
Director. February 11, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Guy Feliz Erb, of San Francisco, Calif., to be Deputy Director of the
International Development Cooperation
Agency, a new position.
Erb has been on the National Security
Council (NSC) staff since 1977. His responsibilities include trade policy, U.S.
economic policies toward the countries of
Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and
international commodity policy. Since
1979 he has been the NSC staff member
responsible for U.S.-Mexican relations. In
that capacity he participated in the U.S.Mexican negotiations on natural gas.
He was born July 24, 1938, in San Francisco. He received a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1961 and
an M.Sc. from the University of London,
London School of Economics and Political Science in 1963.
Erb joined the Foreign Service in 1963
and served as a member of the U.S. delegation to the Kennedy round of trade
negotiations. He joined the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in 1965 and worked with that organization in both New York and Geneva
until 1971.
From 1971 to 1972, Erb was adviser to
the Central American Common Market
in Guatemala. From 1972 to 1977, he was
a senior fellow at the Overseas Development Council.
National Railroad Passenger
Corporation
Nomination of Two Members of the Board of
Directors. February 11, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate two persons for reappointment as members of the Board of
Directors of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation for terms expiring
July 18, 1982. They are:
James R. Mills, of San Diego, Calif.,
president pro tem of the California State
Senate. Mills has served in the senate
since 1966. He is chairman of the Transportation Committee of the National Conference of State Legislatures.
Frank H. Neel, of Thomasville, Ga.,
president of Neel Air Conditioning and
Heating Co. He was a member of the
Thomasville Board of Commissioners for
12 years.
Radioactive Waste
Management Program
Message to the Congress. February 12, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Today I am establishing this Nation's
first comprehensive radioactive waste
management program. My paramount objective in managing nuclear wastes is to
protect the health and safety of all Americans, both now and in the future. I share
this responsibility with elected officials at
all levels of our government. Our citizens
have a deep concern that the beneficial
uses of nuclear technology, including the
generation of electricity, not be allowed to
imperil public health or safety now or in
the future.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 1 2
For more than 30 years, radioactive
wastes have been generated by programs
for national defense, by the commercial
nuclear power program, and by a variety
of medical, industrial and research activities. Yet past governmental efforts to manage radioactive wastes have not been technically adequate. Moreover, they have
failed to involve successfully the States,
local governments, and the public in policy
or program decisions. My actions today
lay the foundation for both a technically
superior program and a full cooperative
Federal-State partnership to ensure public
confidence in a waste management
program.
My program is consistent with the
broad consensus that has evolved from the
efforts of the Interagency Review Group
on Radioactive Waste Management
(IRG) which I established. The IRG
findings and analysis were comprehensive,
thorough and widely reviewed by public,
industry and citizen groups, State and
local governments, and members of the
Congress. Evaluations of the scientific and
technical analyses were obtained through
a broad and rigorous peer review by the
scientific community. The final recommendations benefited from and reflect this
input.
My objective is to establish a comprehensive program for the management of
all types of radioactive wastes. My policies
and programs established mechanisms to
ensure that elected officials and the public
fully participate in waste decisions, and
direct Federal departments and agencies
to implement a waste management strategy which is safe, technically sound, conservative, and open to continuous public
review. This approach will help ensure
that we will reach our objective-the safe
storage and disposal of all forms of nuclear waste.
Our primary objective is to isolate existing and future radioactive waste from
military and civilian activities from the
biosphere and pose no significant threat
to public health and safety. The responsibility for resolving military and civilian
waste management problems shall not be
deferred to future generations. The technical program must meet all relevant
radiological protection criteria as well as
all other applicable regulatory requirements. This effort must proceed regardless of future developments within the
nuclear industry-its future size, and resolution of specific fuel cycle and reactor
design issues. The specific steps outlined
below are each aimed at accomplishing
this overall objective.
First, my Administration is committed
to providing an effective role for State and
local governments in the development and
implementation of our nuclear waste
management program. I am therefore
taking the following actions:
* By Executive Order, I am establishing a State Planning Council which will
strengthen our intergovernmental relationships and help fulfill our joint responsibility to protect public health and safety
in radioactive waste matters. I have asked
Governor Riley of South Carolina to serve
as Chairman of the Council. The Council
will have a total of 19 members: 15 who
are Governors or other elected officials,
and 4 from the Executive departments
and agencies. It will advise the Executive
Branch and work with the Congress to
address radioactive waste management
issues, such as planning and siting, construction, and operation of facilities. I will
submit legislation during this session to
make the Council permanent.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
* In the past, States have not played
an adequate part in the waste management planning process-for example, in
the evaluation and location of potential
waste disposal sites. The States need better access to information and expanded
opportunity to guide waste management
planning. Our relationship with the
States will be based on the principle of
consultation and concurrence in the siting of high level waste repositories. Under
the framework of consultation and concurrence, a host State will have a continuing role in Federal decisionmaking on
the siting, design and construction of a
high level waste repository. State consultation and concurrence, however, will lead
to an acceptable solution to our waste disposal problem only if all the States participate as partners in the program I am
putting forth. The safe disposal of radioactive waste, defense and commercial, is
a national, not just a Federal, responsibility.
* I am directing the Secretary of
Energy to provide financial and technical
assistance to States and other jurisdictions
to facilitate the full participation of State
and local government in review and licensing proceedings.
Second, for disposal of high level radioactive waste, I am adopting an interim
planning strategy focused on the use of
mined geologic repositories capable of accepting both waste from reprocessing and
unreprocessed commercial spent fuel. An
interim strategy is needed since final decisions on many steps which need to be taken
should be preceded by a full environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act. In its search for
suitable sites for high level waste repositories, the Department of Energy has
mounted an expanded and diversified program of geologic investigations that recognizes the importance of the interaction
among geologic setting, repository host
rock, waste form and other engineered
barriers on a site-specific basis. Immediate attention will focus on research and
development, and on locating and characterizing a number of potential repository
sites in a variety of different geologic environments with diverse rock types. When
four to five sites have been evaluated and
found potentially suitable, one or more
will be selected for further development
as a licensed full-scale repository.
It is important to stress the following
two points: First, because the suitability
of a geologic disposal site can be verified
only through detailed and time-consuming site specific evaluations, actual sites
and their geologic environments must be
carefully examined. Second, the development of a repository will proceed in a
careful step-by-step manner. Experience
and information gained at each phase will
be reviewed and evaluated to determine if
there is sufficient knowledge to proceed
with the next stage of development. We
should be ready to select the site for the
first full-scale repository by about 1985
and have it operational by the mid-1990's.
For reasons of economy, the first and subsequent repositories should accept both defense and commercial wastes.
Consistent with my decision to expand
and diversify the Department of Energy's
program of geologic investigation before
selecting a specific site for repository development, I have decided that the Waste
Isolation Pilot Plant project should be
cancelled. This project is currently authorized for the unlicensed disposal of
transuranic waste from our National defense program, and for research and development using high level defense waste.
This project is inconsistent with my policy
that all repositories for highly radioactive
waste be licensed, and that they accept
both defense and commercial wastes.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 12
The site near Carlsbad, New Mexico,
which was being considered for this project, will continue to be evaluated along
with other sites in other parts of the country. If qualified, it will be reserved as one
of several candidate sites for possible use
as a licensed repository for defense and
commercial high level wastes. My fiscal
year 1981 budget contains funds in the
commercial nuclear waste program for
protection and continued investigation of
the Carlsbad site. Finally, it is important
that we take the time to compare the New
Mexico site with other sites now under
evaluation for the first waste repository.
Over the next five years, the Department of Energy will carry out an aggressive program of scientific and technical
investigations to support waste solidification, packaging and repository design and
construction, including several experimental, retrievable emplacements in test
facilities. This supporting research and development program will call upon the
knowledge and experience of the Nation's
very best people in science, engineering
and other fields of learning and will include participation of universities, industry, and the government departments,
agencies, and national laboratories.
Third, during the interim period before a disposal facility is available, waste
must and will continue to be cared for
safely. Management of defense waste is a
Federal responsibility; the Department of
Energy will ensure close and meticulous
control over defense waste facilities which
are vital to our national security. I am
committed to maintaining safe interim
storage of these wastes as long as necessary
and to making adequate funding available for that purpose. We will also proceed
with research and development at the various defense sites that will lead the processing, packaging, and ultimate transfer
to a permanent repository of the high level
and transuranic wastes from defense
programs.
In contrast, storage of commercial
spent fuel is primarily a responsibility of
the utilities. I want to stress that interim
spent fuel storage capacity is not an alternative to permanent disposal. However,
adequate storage is necessary until repositories are available. I urge the utility industry to continue to take all actions
necessary to store spent fuel in a manner
that will protect the public and ensure
efficient and safe operation of power reactors. However. a limited amount of
government storage capacity would provide flexibility to our national waste disposal program and an alternative for those
utilities which are unable to expand-their
storage capabilities.
I reiterate the need for early enactment
of my proposed spent nuclear fuel legislation. This proposal would authorize the
Department of Energy to: (1) design,
acquire or construct, and operate one or
more away-from -reactor storage facilities,
and (2) accept for storage, until permanent disposal facilities are available,
domestic spent fuel, and a limited amount
of foreign spent fuel in cases when such
action would further our non-proliferation policy objectives. All costs of storage,
including the cost of locating, constructing
and operating permanent geologic repositories, will be recovered through fees paid
by utilities and other users of the services
and will ultimately be borne by those who
benefit from the activities generating the
wastes.
Fourth, I have directed the Department
of Energy to work jointly with states,
other government agencies, industry and
other organizations, and the public, in
developing national plans to establish
regional disposal sites for commercial low
level waste. We must work together to resolve the serious near-term problem of low
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
level waste disposal. While this task is
not inherently difficult from the standpoint of safety, it requires better planning
and coordination. I endorse the actions
being taken by the Nation's governors to
tackle this problem and direct the Secretary of Energy to work with them in support of their effort.
Fifth, the Federal programs for regulating radioactive waste storage, transportation and disposal are a crucial component
of our efforts to ensure the health and
safety of Americans. Although the existing authorities and structures are basically sound, improvements must be made
in several areas. The current authority of
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to
license the disposal of high level waste and
low level waste in commercial facilities
should be extended to include spent fuel
storage, and disposal of transuranic waste
and non-defense low level waste in any
new government facilities. I am directing
the Environmental Protection Agency to
consult with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to resolve issues of overlapping
jurisdiction and phasing of regulatory
actions. They should also seek ways to
speed up the promulgation of their safety
regulations. I am also directing the Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency to improve both the efficiency of their regulatory activities and their relationships with
other Federal agencies and state and local
governments.
Sixth, it is essential that all aspects of
the waste management program be conducted with the fullest possible disclosure
to and participation by the public and the
technical community. I am directing the
departments and agencies to develop and
improve mechanisms to ensure such participation and public involvement consistent with the need to protect national security information. The waste management program will be carried out in full
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act.
Seventh, because nuclear waste management is a problem shared by many
other countries and decisions on waste
management alternatives have nuclear
proliferation implications, I will continue
to encourage and support bilateral and
multilateral efforts which advance both
our technical capabilities and our understanding of spent fuel and waste management options, which are consistent with
our non-proliferation policy.
In its role as lead agency for the management and disposal of radioactive
wastes and with cooperation of the other
relevant Federal agencies, the Department of Energy is preparing a detailed
National Plan for Nuclear Waste Management to implement these policy guidelines and the other recommendations of
the IRG. This Plan will provide a clear
road map for all parties and will give the
public an opportunity to review the entirety of our program. It will include specific program goals and milestones for all
aspects of nuclear waste management. A
draft of the comprehensive National Plan
will be distributed by the Secretary of
Energy later this year for public and Congressional review. The State Planning
Council will be directly involved in the
development of this plan.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
now has underway an important proceeding to provide the Nation with its
judgment on whether or not it has confidence that radioactive wastes produced
by nuclear power reactors can and will be
disposed of safely. I urge that the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission do so in a thorough and timely manner and that it provide a full opportunity for public, technical and government agency participation.
Over the past two years as I have reviewed various aspects of the radioactive
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 12
waste problem, the complexities and difficulties of the issues have become evident-both from a technical and, more
importantly, from an institutional and
political perspective. However, based on
the technical conclusions reached by the
IRG, I am persuaded that the capability
now exists to characterize and evaluate a
number of geologic environments for use
as repositories built with conventional
mining technology. We have already
made substantial progress and changes in
our programs. With this comprehensive
policy and its implementation through the
FY 1981 budget and other actions, we will
complete the task of reorienting our efforts in the right direction. Many citizens
know and all must understand that this
problem will be with us for many years.
We must proceed steadily and with determination to resolve the remaining technical issues while ensuring full public participation and maintaining the full
cooperation of all levels of government.
We will act surely and without delay, but
we will not compromise our technical or
scientific standards out of haste. I look
forward to working with the Congress
and the States to implement this policy
and build public confidence in the ability
of the government to do what is required
in this area to protect the health and
safety of our citizens.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 12, 1980.
State Planning Council on
Radioactive Waste Management
Executive Order 12192. February 12, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the
United States of America, and in order
to create, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee
Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. I), an
advisory committee on radioactive waste
management, it is hereby ordered as
follows:
1-1. Establishment.
1-101. There is established the State
Planning Council on Radioactive Waste
Management.
1-102. The Council shall be composed
of eighteen members as follows:
(a) Fourteen members designated by
the President as follows:
(1) Eight Governors of the various
states.
(2) Five state and local elected government officials other than governors.
(3) One tribal government representative.
(b) The heads of the following Executive agencies:
(1) Department of the Interior.
(2) Department of Transportation.
(3) Department of Energy.
(4) Environmental Protection Agency.
(c) The Chairman of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission is invited to participate in the activities of the Council;
representatives of other departments and
of United States territories and the Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands are invited
to take part in the activities of the Council when matters affecting them are
considered.
1-103. The President shall designate a
Chairman from among the members of
the Council.
1-2. Functions.
1-201. The Council shall provide advice and recommendations to the President and the Secretary of Energy on nuclear waste management (including in
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Feb. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
terim management of spent fuel). In
particular, the Council shall:
(a) Recommend procedural mechanisms for reviewing nuclear waste management plans and programs in such a
way to ensure timely and effective State
and local involvement. Such mechanisms
should include a consultation and concurrence process designed to achieve Federal,
State, and local agreement which accommodates the interests of all the parties.
(b) Review the development of comprehensive nuclear waste management
plans including planning activities for
transportation, storage, and disposal of
all categories of nuclear waste. Provide
recommendations to ensure that these
plans adequately address the needs of the
State and local areas affected.
(c) Advise on all aspects of siting facilities for storage and disposal of nuclear
wastes, including the review of recommended criteria for site selection and site
suitability, guidelines for regional siting,
and procedures for site characterization
and selection.
(d) Advise on an appropriate role for
State and local governments in the licensing process for nuclear waste repositories.
(e) Advise on proposed Federal regulations, standards, and criteria related to
nuclear waste management programs.
(f) Identify and make recommendations on other matters related to the transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear
waste that the Council believes are
important.
1-202. Within one year after the Council's first organizational meeting, but in
any event not later than seventeen months
after the issuance of this Order, the Council shall prepare and submit to the President a public report on its functions set
forth in Section 1-201.
1-3. Administrative Provisions.
1-301. Subcommittees of the Council
may be established in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Cornmittee Act, as amended.
1-302. The members of the Council, including the members of its subcommittees,
who are not otherwise paid a salary by
the Federal Government, shall receive no
compensation from the United States by
virtue of their service on the Council, but
all members may receive the transportation and travel expenses, including per
diem in lieu of subsistence, authorized by
law (5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703).
1-303. To the extent permitted by law,
and subject to the availability of funds, the
Secretary of Energy shall provide the
Council, including any subcommittees,
with necessary facilities, support, and
services, including staff and an executive
director.
1-4. General Provisions.
1-401. Notwithstanding the provisions
of any other Executive order, the functions
of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5
U.S.C. App. I), except that of reporting
annually to the Congress, that are applicable to the Council, shall be performed
by the Secretary of Energy in accordance
with guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General
Services.
1-402. The Council shall terminate
thirty days after it transmits its final report to the President, but in no event shall
it terminate later than eighteen months
after the effective date of this Order.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 12, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12:53 p.m., February 12, 1980]
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 12
State Planning Council on
Radioactive Waste Management
Appointment of the Membership.
February 12, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of the following individuals
as members of the State Planning Council
on Radioactive Waste Management:
DICK RILEY, Governor of South Carolina,
Chairman;
PAUL HESS, State senator, Kansas, Vice
Chairman;
JOHN DALTON, Governor of Virginia;
JOHN EVANS, Governor of Idaho;
ELLA GRASSO, Governor of Connecticut;
BRUCE KING, Governor of New Mexico;
ROBERT LIST, Governor of Nevada;
HARRY HUGHES, Governor of Maryland;
Dixy LEE RAY, Governor of Washington;
STANLEY FINK, speaker of the Assembly of the
State of New York;
GORDON Voss, State representative, State of
Minnesota;
ERNEST MORIAL, mayor of New Orleans, La.;
MARY LOUISE SYMON, chairperson of the Dane
County, Wis., board of supervisors;
PETER MAcDONALD, chairman of the Navajo
Nation.
Dispute Resolution Act
Statement on Signing S. 423 Into Law.
February 12, 1980
In my civil justice system reform message to Congress last year, I called for
passage of the Dispute Resolution Act. I
said that this legislation would enable the
Federal and State Governments to work
in partnership to improve the delivery of
justice to all the people of the United
States. Today I am pleased to sign this
legislation into law.
This act will establish a program under
the Department of Justice to encourage
the development of inexpensive and expedient local mechanisms to resolve dis
putes between consumers and sellers,
landlords and tenants, and others. It will
establish a resource center to serve as an
information clearinghouse and a source
of technical assistance, research, and
evaluation. A grant program, authorized
at $10 million annually for fiscal years
1981 to 1984, will provide seed money to
spur State and local governments and
nonprofit organizations to create or improve processes for minor dispute resolution. Finally, the act creates a national
Dispute Resolution Advisory Board to
provide advice.
Many disputes generated in our modern society are often ill suited for referral
to costly, formal adjudication and as a
consequence are frequently never resolved. While such disputes may be minor
in terms of the money or issues involved,
they are of major significance to the people involved. Frustration and alienation
result when legitimate grievances go unheard for want of readily available, easyto-use mechanisms for resolution of conflict. It is most appropriate that we are
taking action to address this national
problem.
Senator Wendell Ford deserves special
appreciation for his outstanding efforts on
behalf of this bill. Senators Edward Kennedy, Birch Bayh, Howard Metzenbaum,
and John Danforth also deserve particular
recognition for their leadership and support. Representatives Robert Kastennmeier, Tom Railsback, Richardson
Preyer, James Broyhill, Bob Eckhardt,
and James Scheuer all deserve congratulations for their outstanding leadership on
behalf of this legislation.
The Dispute Resolution Act and the
Federal Magistrates Act of 1979 are the
first two measures in my civil justice reform program to pass Congress. The Federal Courts Improvement Act has passed
the Senate, and I urge the House to act
on it early in the session. I hope that the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Congress will also pass the other bills recommended in my message, such as the one
relating to the obligatory jurisdiction of
the Supreme Court.
NOTE: As enacted, S. 423 is Public Law 96 -190, approved February 12.
Nuclear Cooperation
With EURATOM
Executive Order 12193. February 12, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, including
Section 126a(2) of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2155
(a) (2)), and having determined that,
upon the expiration of the period specified
in the first proviso to Section 126a(2) of
such Act, failure to continue peaceful nuclear cooperation with the European
Atomic Energy Community would be
seriously prejudicial to the achievement
of United States non-proliferation objectives and would otherwise jeopardize the
common defense and security of the
United States, and having notified the
Congress of this determination, I hereby
extend the duration of that period to
March 10, 1981.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 12, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:50 a.m., February 13, 1980]
Department of the Army
Nomination of William E. Peacock To Be an
Assistant Secretary. February 12, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate William E. Peacock, of
Washington, D.C., to be an Assistant
Secretary of the Army. He would replace
Robert L. Nelson, resigned, and his area
of responsibility would be manpower and
reserve affairs. Peacock has been Director
of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
at the Department of Energy since 1977.
He was born June 5, 1941, in Salt Lake
City, Utah. He received an A.B. from
Princeton University in 1963 and a J.D.
from Harvard Law School in 1966. He
served in the U.S. Marine Corps from
1967 to 1970 and maintains active Marine
Corps Reserve status.
From 1966 to 1967, Peacock was a management consultant with McKinsey and
Co. From 1970 to 1971, he was assistant
general counsel of U.S. Financial Corp., in
San Diego, Calif. From 1971 to 1972, he
was an associate attorney with the San
Francisco firm of Chickering and
Gregory.
From 1972 to 1975, Peacock was assistant to the chairman of the board of Transamerica Corp. From 1975 to 1977, he was
vice president and corporate counsel of
the Crocker National Bank.
John F. Kennedy Center
for the Performing Arts
Appointment of Richard 1. Heckmann as a
Member of the Advisory Committee on the
Arts. February 12, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of Richard J. Heckmann, of
Sun Valley, Idaho, as a member of the
Advisory Committee on the Arts, John F.
Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
Heckmann is mayor of Sun Valley. He
is a businessman and has served as Associate Administrator for Finance and Investment at the Small Business Adminis
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 12
tration. He is on the board of trustees of
the National Children's Museum.
Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership
Appointment ol 10 Members.
February 12, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of 10 persons as members of
the Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership. This committee was created by Executive order on
February 1, 1980, to "assist in monitoring
and encouraging the placement of subcontracts by the private sector with eligible small businesses, particularly with
small minority businesses."
The 10 members appointed today are:
Manuel R. Caldera, of Los Angeles,
owner of Amex Systems, Inc., a company
specializing in high technology electronics
design, fabrication, and engineering support services. He is chairman of the Latin
American Manufacturers' Association.
Cassandra M. Flipper, of Mill Valley,
Calif., assistant general counsel of Levi
Strauss & Co. She served previously as
equal employment opportunity manager
for Levi Strauss.
Earl G. Graves, publisher of Black Enterprise magazine. He is also president of
EGG Dallas Broadcasting, which operates
an AM and an FM radio station, and of
Earl G. Graves Marketing and Research.
William J. Kennedy III, of Durham,
N.C., president and chief executive officer
of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance
Company.
Louise Quarles Lawson, president of
Illinois/Service Federal Savings and
Loan Association and chairman of the
Loan Committee. She is past president of
the American Savings & Loan League.
Franklin Delano Lopez, of San Juan,
P.R., president of International Investment & Financing Corp., a company established to finance low-income housing and
to assist and finance rural businesses and
industries and small businesses.
Gertrude G. Michelson, senior vice
president of Macy's department store for
personnel and labor relations.
Paul G. Miller, chairman of the board
and chief executive officer of Commercial
Credit Company.
Bahk Sang, of Woodside, N.Y., president of Young Video, Inc., a company
which distributes giant screen television,
video equipment, and electronic games.
Frank A. Saunders, staff vice president
for corporate relations and communications of Philip Morris, Inc.
1980 Summer Olympics
White House Statement on the International
Olympic Committee Decision To Hold the
Games in Moscow. February 12, 1980
We regret the decision of the International Olympic Committee to conduct the
1980 Summer Olympic games in Moscow,
and rejecting the proposal of the United
States Olympic Committee to transfer,
postpone, or cancel the games.
Under these circumstances neither the
President, the Congress, nor the American people can support the sending of the
United States team to Moscow this summer. The President urges the United
States Olympic Committee to reach a
prompt decision against sending its team
to the games. The United States is working with a number of other like-minded
governments to take similar action and to
consider the practicability of conducting
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Feb. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
other international games for the teams
which do not go to Moscow.
Richard Starr
Statement on the Release of the Peace Corps
Volunteer Held Hostage by Colombian
Terrorists. February 13, 1980
Richard Starr went to Colombia to
share both his knowledge and his concern
for the people of that developing country.
He wanted to share his skills as a botanist.
He wanted to share his energies. He
wanted to share his hopes.
In joining the Peace Corps, Richard
demonstrated the same caliber of commitment that has characterized thousands of
others before him. But he had to pay a
special sacrifice for his commitment.
Three years ago, while working at his job,
he was kidnaped by a Colombian terrorist
group and for these 3 years has been held
captive by this group.
Richard is a remarkable American. It
is good to have him home with us again.
I know that it is a particular joy for
Richard's family, which has had to share
his long ordeal. Rosalynn and I, along
with Congressman Al Swift, have been
aware of their suffering as we have worked
to bring this ordeal to an end.
On behalf of the American people, I
would like to thank Richard for his service
as a Peace Corps volunteer. I want him
and his family to know that his country
admires his service and appreciates his
extraordinary ordeal.
I am proud of Richard Starr, my fellow American. I wish him much success
in his future endeavors.
I also want to thank the Government
of Colombia for its cooperation and
assistance.
International Labor Organization
Statement on the U.S. Decision To Rejoin
the Organization. February 13, 1980
Two years ago I directed that the
United States withdraw from membership
in the International Labor Organization,
a specialized agency of the United Nations, because it had strayed too far from
its fundamental principles and purposes.
In particular, our withdrawal was an expression of our growing concern over a
number of trends that weakened the ability of the ILO to carry out its basic mission. Those trends included the erosion
of the independence of employer and
worker delegates attending ILO conferences, the relative immunity of certain
countries from criticism for violating
workers' human rights, the growing disregard within the ILO of the principles of
due process, and the introduction of extraneous political issues into ILO debates.
At the time of our withdrawal, I stated
that we remained ready to return to the
ILO whenever that organization demonstrated respect for its proper principles
and procedures. It was my hope that other
countries would come to realize that the
ILO and other U.N. agencies can only be
effective if they are not used for political
propaganda purposes.
Since then, a majority of ILO members-governments, workers, and employers-have successfully joined together
to return the ILO to its original purposes. Through their efforts, steps have
been taken to strengthen the independence
of employer and worker delegates, undertake investigations of human rights violations in a number of countries, including
the Soviet Union, reinforce the principle
of due process, and generally reduce the
level of politicization in the ILO.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 1 3
I have decided, therefore, that the
United States should now rejoin the ILO
and work with other members to ensure
that the true potential of this organization
is realized. This decision has the support
of American trade union and employer
organizations-the AFL-CIO and the
U.S. Council of the International Chamber of Commerce.
As a member of the ILO, and with the
support of other countries, the United
States will seek to ensure that the ILO
continues to serve the interests of the
world's working men and women by promoting more and better jobs while protecting their human rights and dignity.
THE PRESIDENT'S
NEWS CONFERENCE OF
FEBRUARY 13, 1980
SITUATION IN IRAN
THE PRESIDENT. Since the day our Embassy was seized in Tehran, we have had
two goals: one, the safety and release of
the Americans being held hostage, and
the other is the protection of our national
interest in this critical area of the world.
Since that first day, we have pursued every
possibility to achieve these goals. No stone
has been left unturned in the search for a
solution.
Over the past several weeks, our efforts
and our activities have become particularly delicate and intense. Recently
there have been some positive signs, although experience has taught us to guard
against excessive optimism.
Since mid-November, we and the Iranian officials have been discussing with Secretary-General Waldheim of the United
Nations his proposal to send a commission
of inquiry to Tehran. We would support
steps by the United Nations that would
lead to the release of the hostages if the
steps are consistent with our goals and our
essential international principles. An appropriate commission with a carefully defined purpose would be a step toward
resolution of this crisis.
I know that you and the American people will understand that I cannot afford
at this delicate time to discuss or to comment further upon any specific efforts that
may be underway or any proposals that
may be useful in ending this crisis.
Thank you.
QUESTIONS
SHAH OF IRAN
Q. You cut me off at the pass. Mr.
President, do you think it was proper for
the United States to restore the Shah to
the throne in 1953 against the popular will
within Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. That's ancient history,
and I don't think it's appropriate or helpful for me to go into the propriety of
something that happened 30 years ago.
SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY
Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy appears to have taken off the gloves in his
direct contest with you, and today some
of your closest associates have seemed to
do likewise in rebuttal. I wonder, what is
your position: Are you going to turn the
other cheek to Senator Kennedy, or do you
have a rebuttal to his harsh criticisms of
the last few days?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the statement
that was made today by the Secretary of
State and by others in answer to Senator
Kennedy's speech last night and his previous statements, I think, were appropriate. There is no cause to prevent an open
discussion and a free debate of the issues in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
a political forum, on a campaign trail,
and in a meeting like this. But there must
be bounds of both propriety and accuracy
in the presentation of views by a responsible official, including a United States Senator and also including a candidate for the
highest office of our country.
SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
Q. Mr. President, if the crisis in Afghanistan is real and as serious as you
have said it is-if it is, does the U.S. have
the military capacity to cope with it, short
of using a nuclear weapon?
THE PRESIDENT. The crisis is a great
one, precipitated by the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, for several reasons. First of
all, this is a crucial area of the world-to
us, to our allies, and to other nations. Twothirds of all the oil exported in the entire
world come from the Persian Gulf region.
Secondly, it's a highly volatile, rapidly
changing, unstable part of the world.
Third, the Soviets have been indulging in
a steady military buildup over a number
of years, which has caused us concern and
to which we have reacted since I've been
in this office. Fourth, the Soviets-a major
departure from anything they've done
since the Second World War-have now
exhibited a willingness to use their military
forces beyond their own borders, in a massive invasion of Afghanistan.
The reaction that I have taken to these
steps are appropriate and, I believe and
hope, adequate. We must convince the
Soviet Union, through peaceful means,
peaceful means, that they cannot invade
an innocent country with impunity and
they must suffer the consequences of their
action.
Everything we've done has been to contribute to stability, moderation, consistency, persistence, and peace. We have
taken actions on our own, and we have
asked our allies and others to join in with
us in the condemnation of the Soviet Union and the demand that the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan and to convince
them that any further adventurism on
their part would cause grave consequences
to the Soviet Union.
In my judgment our forces are adequate. We cannot afford to let the Soviets
choose either the terrain or the tactics to
be used by any other country-a nation
that might be invaded, their neighbors,
our allies, or ourselves-if they should
persist in their aggressive action. Those
judgments would have to be made at the
time. But I believe they're adequate.
SENATOR KENNEDY
Q. Mr. President, I'd like you to respond directly to two of Senator Kennedy's criticisms. One, he says that you
rejected the idea of this commission with
Iran until just recently. And two, he says
that Afghanistan might not have happened if you'd paid more attention to the
signs and had been more resolute in advance; he says the Russians might not
have invaded Afghanistan.
THE PRESIDENT. It's not my inclination
to respond to every allegation, erroneous
allegation, that Senator Kennedy has
made, but what you've asked is typical of
what causes me the deepest concern. First
of all, his statements have not been true,
they've not been accurate, and they've not
been responsible, and they've not helped
our country.
When the hostages were originally
seized-an act of international violence
contradicting every norm of diplomacy
and international law-Senator Kennedy
insinuated that because we had given
medical treatment to the Shah, that somehow the seizure of our own hostages was
not the fault of the terrorists who took
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 13
them, but the fault of the United States.
Senator Kennedy has also said that the
invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet
Union was not only not very serious but
that somehow or another the Soviets were
not the culpable party, but the United
States was at fault and somehow caused
or contributed to the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan.
And more recently he has insinuatedagain, falsely-that some action or lack of
action on my part or the United States
part had perpetuated the incarceration of
the American hostages.
This thrust of what he's said throughout the last few weeks is very damaging to
our country, and to the establishment of
our principles and the maintenance of
them, and the achieving of our goals to
keep the peace and to get our hostages
released.
SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN
Q. Mr. President, in Afghanistan again,
sir, what kind of regime would be acceptable to you? The Russians have said that
if they withdraw, they would leave-I
think have left the indication that they
would leave a puppet regime. Would you
insist on a neutralist regime, or what
ideas have you on it?
THE PRESIDENT. What we would like
to have, first of all, is a Soviet withdrawal
and a commitment, that might be verified and carried out, that the Soviets
would not invade another country or use
their military forces beyond their borders
again to destabilize the peace. We would
like to have a neutral country. If there
had to be a transition phase during which
a neutral and responsible government
might be established acceptable to the
Afghanistan people, then perhaps some
peacekeeping force espoused by the
United Nations, maybe comprised of
Moslem military troops or otherwise.
could be used during that transition
phase.
But the prime consideration that I have
is to make sure that the Soviets know that
their invasion is not acceptable, to marshal as much support from other nations
of the world as possible, and to prevent
any further threat to the peace and the
cause of war. I think through strength
we can maintain peace. But we've got to
be resolute, we've got to be consistent, and
our actions have got to be in a tone of
long-range, predictable action clearly
understood by the Soviet Union.
DEFENSE SPENDING
Q. Mr. President, you call for an
increase of about 5 percent in military
defense spending. Some Members of Congress have suggested that that might be
too small, given the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. Would you support a plan by Congress to go as far as
doubling the current 5-percent increase
in military spending?
THE PRESIDENT. Ever since the first
year I've been President, we've had a substantial and steady increase in spending
for defense, because I recognized that we
had some defects in our defense capability
when I became President. I might add, in
complete accuracy, that President Ford
had initiated this buildup shortly before
he went out of office. It's one I've
continued.
In my opinion, the military budget that
we have presented to the Congress in recent weeks is the appropriate level of expenditures. It's very carefully matched to
how rapidly we can purchase and develop
weapons and accurately matched to the
ultimate goals of deployment of our
troops, the mobility of our troops, and the
interrelationship with our allies.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I'm not saying that there would be no
fine tuning or some modification to the
budget that wouldn't be acceptable to me,
but I would resist very strongly any effort-as has been proposed just recentlyto cut the defense budget below what I
proposed.
PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, when you say that
Senator Kennedy-that his statements
have not been accurate, responsible, and
that they've not helped our country, and
when he and his aides say that your own
campaign has been misleading and negative and taking cheap shots, how can that
do anything but further and bitterly divide the Democrats? And aren't you both
helping Republicans in the general
election?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I might point
out to you that I'm an incumbent Democratic President. I didn't ask for a challenger-[laughter]-but have no aversion
to a campaign, as was indicated by my
opening statement and is further confirmed by the fact that I have to negotiate with many other leaders around the
world, including carrying out the principles of the Mideast peace treaty between
Israel and Egypt, put into effect very
complicated proposals like the grain embargo and a restraint on shipments of high
technology equipment to the Soviet Union
and the implementation of our commitment that athletes should not go to
Moscow to participate in the Olympics as
long as Soviet invasion troops are in Afghanistan. These kinds of things are very
time-consuming to me.
I'm a campaigner; I'm a candidate.
I've had some success in politics as an
active campaigner. And it would obviously be much better for me to be on the
campaign trail in Minnesota or New
Hampshire than to be closed up here in
the White House dealing with these issues that I consider to be of paramount
importance. And I look forward to the
time when the hostages are released and
I can go out and campaign actively and
recruit votes and delegates to my cause.
But I have no aversion to the issues
being discussed, and I think, as has already been pointed out in this press conference, there are sharp, identifiable, wellknown differences between me and the
Senator, that have been clearly expressed
by me from the White House and also
have been expressed by him out in the
different parts of the country.
I might say additionally that I have not
secluded myself. In the last 2 months I
have had cross-examination by news people, open forums. I've made a major
speech on the State of the Union and
others. I've not hidden my positions at all.
My proposals have been very clear. But I
look forward to the time when I can campaign without restraint and I can take
care of the other issues, if the American
hostages are released.
I might add one other personal point.
We cannot lessen the commitment of the
American people that a crisis does indeed
exist as long as 50 innocent Americans are
being held hostage by kidnapers. Some attenuation or lowering of the focused attention on the hostages is inevitable, but
I, as President, have got to maintain the
accurate image that we do have a crisis
which I will not ignore until those hostages are released. I want the American
people to know it, I want the Iranians to
know it, I want the hostages' families and
the hostages to know it, I want the world
to know that I am not going to resume
business as usual as a partisan campaigner
out on the campaign trail until our hostages are back here, free and at home.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 13
CAMPAIGN DEBATES
Q. Mr. President, Senator Kennedy has
made your decision not to debate a major
campaign issue. I wonder if you could
clarify for the record when you might be
willing to debate. If the hostages are released, would you be willing to debate
then, or would you want to wait until
the Soviets leave Afghanistan? Do you
think you will debate your Democratic
challengers before the general election in
the fall?
THE PRESIDENT. As I've just said, when
the hostages are released, I would resume
normal campaigning. Whether or not or
when a debate would be appropriate
would have to be decided in the future,
when I assess the invitations received and
the circumstances prevailing then.
GOVERNMENT LOANS TO CORPORATIONS
Q. Mr. President, this is an issue on
which you and Senator Kennedy agree,
and that's the bailout of Chrysler. Now,
you know President Nixon bailed out
Lockheed, ostensibly to take care of the
corporation. That's a traditional Republican ally. Some of your aides indicate that
you were more concerned about union
jobs at Chrysler.
My question goes, though, that both
Republican and Democratic administrations and Senator Kennedy are-this is on
the road to socialism, government support,
aid, subsidies for these very large corporations; this should be a repugnant trend in
our society of free enterprise. Do you favor
Congress studying this issue, drawing a
line on this issue, or with each corporation-especially in a recession or this
threatened recession, further failuresmore policies of subsidies, of bailouts for
these major corporations?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I wouldn't adopt
it as a policy that we would pursue time
after time after time. But I did strongly
support the legislation passed to guarantee loans for Chrysler provided they
got adequate financing to match what the
Government effort would be.
In my judgment the Government loan
would be secure. It would require Chrysler to take corrective action and to get
financing elsewhere, and required a substantial contribution from the workers in
Chrysler to make sure that Chrysler was
financially able to proceed as a viable corporation. When that legislation was put
on my desk, I signed it with enthusiasm.
1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Q. Mr. President, you have said, sir,
that the Soviets have to be made to pay a
price for invading Afghanistan, and your
counsel has said that our boycott of the
Olympics is not intended to be punitive.
How do you explain the seeming difference between these two positions?
THE PRESIDENT. We have no desire to
use the Olympics to punish, except the
Soviets attach a major degree of importance to the holding of the Olympics in
the Soviet Union. In their own propaganda material they claim that the willingness of the International Olympics
Committee to let the games be held in
Moscow is an endorsement of the foreign
policy and the peace-loving nature of the
Soviet Union.
To me it's unconscionable for any nation to send athletes to the capital of a
nation under the aegis of the Olympics
when that nation, that host nation, is
actively involved in the invasion of and
the subjugation of innocent people. And
so, for that reason, I don't believe that we
are at all obligated to send our athletes to
Moscow.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And I would like to repeat, if the Soviet
Union does not withdraw its troops from
Afghanistan by the 20th of this month,
then neither I nor the American people
nor the Congress will support the sending
of an Olympic team to Moscow this
summer.
SELECTIVE SERVICE REGISTRATION
Q. Mr. President, do you believe that
draft-age youth are overreacting to your
registration policy with their fears that
this will directly lead to the draft?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think they're
overreacting. I have not called for and
do not anticipate calling for a draft. The
best way to prevent having a draft in the
future and mobilization of our Nation's
efforts, both natural and human efforts, is
to be prepared. The registration which I
have called for, and which I am sure the
Congress will approve, will permit us to
save 90 to 100 days, weeks or even months,
in a mobilization effort, if it should be
called for in the future. We are not advocating the draft; we are advocating registration for a draft.
I might point out, too, that this will
marshal an additional discussion and
commitment among the American people
and a realization that the peace is
threatened and that everything that I am
trying to do, working with the Congress
and others, is to take peaceful action, preventive action, to prevent the Soviets taking further steps that might lead to a war.
Fifty-five other countries in the world
that I know about, including most of our
major allies, not only have registration
but have the active, ongoing draft, and
this includes countries like Mexico, Germany, France, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland. Many other countries, 55 of them,
have the actual draft. I'm not advocating
a draft. So, there has been a gross over
reaction. And I think that registration for
the draft will help us in other ways that
I need not detail, in concert.
19 8 0 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Q. Mr. President, if the Soviets by any
chance should remove their troops from
Afghanistan between February 20 and
May 24, when the Olympic committees
have to give their decisions, is there any
possibility you might change your mind
and then support sending the American
team to Moscow?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't see any possibility of that.
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING
Q. Mr. President, your $2 billion youth
budget employment program has only
$3 million [$300 million] requested for
employment in 1981, and $900 million
will go for training of these children
through the schools that have already
passed over these children. And this
budget will not become fully operational
until 1982. So, isn't this budget deceptive
and misleading, as the Black Caucus says?
THE PRESIDENT. No, it's not. I believe
it's accurate to say that the Labor Department and the Education Department will
be moving to implement the youth employment program as rapidly as we possibly can. It won't be a lack of money appropriated by the Congress that will slow
down the process at all.
I'd like to point out that in the last 3
years we've had notable success in improving the employment situation.. We've
had an annual growth in employment of
3V/2 percent per year since I've been in
the White House as President. We've
added 9 million new jobs, and of the
people who've got new jobs, we've had 50
percent more new jobs for minorities than
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 13
we have for all other people who've benefited from our employment programs.
So, I think the narrow focusing of the
new program on youth and also on minority youth will be a major boon to those
who have been deprived too much in the
past because of unemployment. It's certainly not misleading and would be implemented as rapidly as the bureaucracy
can function, as employers can be identified, and as the training can be provided
for these young people who want jobs,
but in the past have not been able to get
them.
U.S. RELATIONS WITH ALLIES
Q. Mr. President, as you know, the
French have not agreed to go to a Foreign Ministers conference in Rome later
this month. The West Germans have not
agreed to the Olympic boycott, and
there's been some dissatisfaction, I understand, with your administration's reaction to the Japanese. Have you been entirely satisfied with the Japanese, the
French, and the West German reactions
to your call for punishment and sanctions
against the Soviet Union?
THE PRESIDENT. In general, I have
been well pleased, yes. There's a remarkable degree of unanimity among all our
major allies about the seriousness of the
Soviet threat into Afghanistan and the
actions that must be taken to counter that
threat and prevent further aggression by
the Soviet Union.
There are nuances of difference. The
countries are different; they have different perspectives; they have different
forms of government. Some are coalition
governments where the Prime Minister
has a different party represented in his
Foreign Minister and so forth. We do
have times when we get aggravated and
displeased, for instance, with the French.
There are times when the French get aggravated and displeased by us.
The recent disagreement on exactly the
time and the composition and the secrecy
to be maintained by the Foreign Ministers
meeting was unfortunate. My understanding of it was derived from a telephone conversation with Chancellor
Schmidt after he met several days with
President Giscard d'Estaing. My understanding was that the date and the place
had been arranged by them and that I
was conforming to their request. That
was not the same understanding that the
French had. We did not communicate
adequately. But that's just a minor difference compared to the major agreements
on which we base present and future policy among us allies.
EDUCATION OF PUBLIC ABOUT MILITARY
SERVICE
Q. Sir, I wonder if you think that we
really need a national effort to try to make
people better informed about their need
for cooperation to fill these vacancies in
the military.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we do need, I
think, a better education for this purpose.
We've got-as you know, now about 8
percent of our military forces are comprised of women. And we anticipate, with
no changes in present circumstances, that
in 5 years, by 1985, we'll increase that by
50 percent, to 12 percent of our total
Armed Forces. Women now fill about 95
percent of the different kinds of billets
that we have available in all our Armed
Forces combined.
I think many people believe that we're
going to a draft soon. We have no intention or need for implementing the draft.
Some people believe that I've advocated
the use of women in combat. I have no intention of advocating to the Congress and
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Congress would never approve any
legislation that would permit women to
engage in actual combat.
So, the need to educate people about
what our proposals might be is real, and
I believe that when the Congress starts
debating this issue, as we decide details
about the program for registration, that
will create new opportunities for people to
understand it better.
ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM AND OIL PRICES
Q. Mr. President, the goals of your antiinflation program, as incorporated within
the voluntary wage and price guidelines,
attempt to hold down prices, including
those charged by oil companies here.
However, these goals appear to conflict
with the goals of your energy program,
which are to conserve oil and relieve our
reliance on foreign oil through allowing
the prices of gasoline, heating oil, and
diesel fuel to rise. Does your administration, sir, have plans to deal with this conflict, and do these plans include excluding oil company prices and profits from
the anti-inflation guidelines?
THE PRESIDENT. There is no doubt that
there are many conflicts that presently exist in our very confused energy situation.
What we need is a final action by the Congress on the legislative proposals that I
have made to them that will give us, for
the first time in history, a comprehensive,
clear, understandable, legal energy policy.
There are only two ways that we can
reduce imports of foreign oil: One is to increase production in our own country, energy of all kinds; and secondly, to improve
conservation, to cut out waste. In my
judgment the artificial holding down, by
subsidies and otherwise, of the price of oil
conflicts with both these principles, because if oil is excessively cheap, financed
by the general public, then that means that
the people use too much of it and prob
ably waste some. And also, it prevents
competitive forms of energy, like solar
power, for instance, from being developed,
because solar power has to compete with
an excessively cheap price of oil.
There is no doubt-I don't want to mislead anybody-that everywhere in the
world, oil prices and general energy prices
have been going up, and there is no doubt
that in the future those prices will continue to go up. But every American will be
benefited if we cut out waste, continue to
conserve, produce more energy here at
home, and shift to more plentiful supplies
of energy, particularly those that are replenishable, that come directly from the
Sun.
I might point out that the American
people, as the result of partially implementing our new energy policy, have been
conserving energy very well. We import
now about a million barrels a day of foreign oil less than we did the day I was inaugurated. And in this last year alone,
we've cut down consumption of energy
overall about 5 percent; gasoline in
December was 10 percent less consumed
than December a year ago.
We've got a long way to go. But the
American consciousness had to be built up
that there is indeed an energy crisis; that
we do indeed, as you point out so wisely,
have major conflicts in our programs in
the past that prevented progress; and we
need a clear and consistent, well-understood policy to put into effect in our
country.
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
Q. Mr. President, is it the policy of your
administration to boycott, wherever possible, States that have not ratified ERA?
I'm referring to a memo thatTHE PRESIDENT. No, that's not my
policy.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980
Feb. 14
U.S. POLICY TOWARD YUGOSLAVIA
Q. Mr. President, you once said that you
weren't sure whether American troops
should ever be used to defend Yugoslavia.
Marshal Tito is sick. In light of Afghanistan, do you still feel that way?
THE PRESIDENT. We have had close discussions with the Yugoslavian leaders, including Marshal Tito when he was here
not too long ago. The overall message that
they give to us, which I accept as accurate,
is that Yugoslavia is a strong, fiercely independent, courageous, well-equipped
nation that can defend itself. If we are
called upon to give any kind of aid to the
Yugoslavian people in the future, we
would seriously consider it and do what,
in our opinion, would be best for them
and for us.
I've had frequent conversations recently
with other major European leaders about
the need to strengthen our ties with
Yugoslavia and to protect them as a nonaligned country, without being dominated
or threatened successfully by the Soviet
Union. We'll take whatever action is
necessary to carry out those goals, but
commensurate with actual need and commensurate with specific requests from
Yugoslavia itself.
FRANK CORMIER [Associated Press].
Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President's fifty-fourth news conference began at 8 p.m. in Room 450 of the
Old Executive Office Building. It was broadcast live on radio and television.
Department of Education
Nomination of Betsy Levin To Be General
Counsel. February 14, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Betsy Levin, of Chapel Hill,
N.C., to be General Counsel of the Department of Education, a new position.
Levin has been a professor at Duke
University School of Law since 1976. She
teaches courses in the organization, financing, and governance of public
schools; State and local government; and
constitutional law.
She was born December 25, 1935, in
Baltimore, Md. She received an A.B.
from Bryn Mawr College in 1956 and an
LL.B. from Yale Law School in 1966.
From 1956 to 1966, Levin was a research geologist with the U.S. Geological
Survey. From 1966 to 1967, she was law
clerk to Judge Simon E. Sobeloff of the
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. From
1967 to 1968, she was a White House Fellow and served as special assistant to thenRepresentative to the United Nations Arthur J. Goldberg.
From 1968 to 1970, Levin was on the
senior research staff of the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C., and from 1970
to 1973, she was director of education
studies for the Urban Institute. From
1971 to 1973, she was an adjunct professor of law at Georgetown University Law
School.
Levin was an associate professor of law
at Duke Law School from 1973 to 1975
and has been a professor since 1976. In
1977 she was on leave from Duke to serve
as senior associate with the Educational
Equity Group at the National Institute of
Education (NIE).
Levin is chairman of NIE's subcommittee on law and governance of the school
finance task force. She is a member of the
advisory committee of the Education Finance Center, Education Commission of
the States. She is the author of numerous
publications on school finance and other
aspects of education and law.
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Feb. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare
Nomination of John L. Palmer To Be
an Assistant Secretary. February 14, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate John L. Palmer, of Great
Falls, Va., to be an Assistant Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare. He
would replace Benjamin Heineman, resigned, and his area of responsibility
would be planning and evaluation. Palmer has been Principal Deputy Assistant
Secretary of HEW for planning and evaluation since 1979.
He was born April 10, 1943, in Upper
Darby, Pa. He received a B.A. from Williams College in 1965 and a Ph. D. in economics from Stanford University in 1970.
In 1968 Palmer was a research associate at the University of Wisconsin's Institute for Research on Poverty, and from
1969 to 1971, he was a research associate
at Stanford University's Institute for Public Policy Analysis and an assistant professor of economics.
From 1971 to 1973, Palmer was senior
staff economist in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of HEW for Planning
and Evaluation. From 1973 to 1975, he
was Director of the Office of Income Security Policy at HEW. From 1975 to 1978,
he was a senior fellow in the economic
studies program at the Brookings Institution.
Palmer has served as a consultant to
various government agencies and private
foundations and as chairman of the National Conference on Social Welfare's
task force on income security policy. He
was a member of the Committee on Evaluation of Federal Poverty Research of the
National Research Council and is the author of numerous publications.
Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare
Nomination of Cesar A. Perales To Be an
Assistant Secretary. February 14, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Cesar A. Perales, of Brooklyn, N.Y., to be an Assistant Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare. He
would replace Arabella Martinez, resigned, and his area of responsibility
would be human development services.
Perales has been principal regional official
in HEW's New York City regional office
since 1977.
He was born November 12, 1940, in
New York City. He received a B.A. from
City College of New York in 1962 and an
LL.B. from Fordham University Law
School in 1965.
From 1965 to 1966, Perales practiced
law with the firm of Antonio C. Martinez,
Esq. He was a staff attorney with Mobilization for Youth, Inc., from 1966 to 1968
and attorney in charge of Williamsburg
Neighborhood Legal Services from 1968
to 1969. From 1969 to 1970, he was associate general counsel of Community Action for Legal Services, Inc.
Perales was general counsel for the
Model Cities Administration in New York
City from 1970 to 1972. From 1972 to
1974, he was executive director of the
Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund. From 1974 to 1975, he was
project director of the decentralized bilingual criminal court feasibility study
done by P.R.C. Metronamics.
From 1975 to 1976, Perales practiced
law in Brooklyn. From 1976 to 1977, he
was director of the Criminal Justice Coordinating Council.
He has served as an adjunct professor
of political science at Long Island Uni
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 14
versity and as an adjunct lecturer at
Brooklyn College of the City University
of New York.
United States Court of
Military Appeals
Nomination of Robinson O. Everett To Be a
Judge. February 14,1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Robinson O. Everett, of
Durham, N.C., to be a judge of the U.S.
Court of Military Appeals. He would replace Matthew Perry, resigned. Everett
has been a professor at the Duke University Law School since 1955 and has practiced law in Durham since 1955.
He was born March 18, 1928, in Durham. He received an A.B. (1947) and
J.D. (1950) from Harvard University and
an LL.M. from Duke University in 1959.
He served in the U.S. Air Force from
1951 to 1953.
From 1953 to 1955, Everett was a
Commissioner of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals. Since 1955 he has practiced
law with the firm of Everett, Everett,
Creech, and Craven, with offices in Durham and Raleigh, N.C., and in Washington, D.C. As a professor at Duke University, since 1956 he has taught courses in
criminal procedures and criminal law.
From 1961 to 1964, Everett was counsel to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Constitutional
Rights, and from 1964 to 1966, he was a
consultant to that subcommittee. During
this period he worked on hearings and research which led to proposals that were
incorporated into the Military Justice Act
of 1968.
Everett is a commissioner of the Na
tional Conference of Commissioners on
Uniform State Laws. He is the author of
the book "Military Justice in the Armed
Forces of the United States" and of numerous articles on military law.
Federal Territorial Policy
Message to the Congress Announcing
Legislative Proposals and Administrative
Actions. February 14, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am announcing today the framework
for a comprehensive Federal territorial
policy towards Guam, the United States
Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the
Northern Mariana Islands. It strengthens
our Nation's fundamental commitment to
encourage the self-determined political,
economic and social development of our
territories.
The legislative proposals and executive
actions that make up the basic elements of
this policy were developed through an intensive Domestic Policy Review of current
policy conducted by my Administration
in consultation with territorial leaders
and Members of Congress.
A number of developments precipitated
this review:
-Congressional leaders and Administration officials have joined territorial
residents in concern about inadequate economic development in the territories;
-Growing deficits have brought both
Guam and the Virgin Islands close to insolvency, despite considerable Federal
assistance;
-Territorial income tax revenues, as a
percentage of gross territorial product,
have dropped substantially;
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Feb. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-Some territories are having increasing
difficulty in providing essential public
services. This failure impairs the quality
of life of their populations, inhibits economic expansion, and leads to requests for
extraordinary Federal support;
-The territories have been confronted
with new social problems which have
reached near-crisis proportions in some
instances;
-Federal policies toward the territories are often inconsistent, inappropriate,
or confusing, exacerbating problems and
frustrating well-intentioned programs;
and
-The government and the administration of the territories have changed considerably over the last decade, creating the
need for a reconsideration of organizational arrangements within the Executive
Branch and possibly status.
Over the past several years, the Federal
government has attempted to rectify many
of the pressing problems facing the territories. In many cases, however, the piecemeal solutions devised have failed to clear
up the underlying causes of those problems. While some Federal actions have
contributed to the development of the territories, others have not promoted the
greater self-sufficiency to which they justly
aspire.
Our new policy is significant not only
because of the scope of the individual initiatives it proposes; it is also significant
because it is comprehensive. The interrelated elements of this policy seek to improve the full range of the Federalterritorial relationship.
Because the Congress is mandated
plenary power for the territories by the
Constitution, I ask that you join my Administration in adopting and implementing this comprehensive policy. Through
legislation and the exercise of oversight
responsibility, the Congress can ensure
that the policy goals I outline here are
realized. They include:
-detailing a procedure for the orderly
political development of the territories;
-providing opportunity for and a stimulus to their economic growth;
-rationalizing the existing Federalterritorial financial relationship and
improving local financial management;
-enhancing territorial treatment under
Federal programs; and
-elevating the Federal organization
for dealing with territorial matters.
I especially want to request the involvement of those Members of both Houses
and of both parties who have shown consistent leadership and sensitivity on territorial issues: Senators Jackson, Johnston, Matsunaga, McClure, Stevens and
Hatfield; Representatives Phillip Burton,
Yates, Murphy, Clausen, Lagomarsino,
Duncan; and Delegate Won Pat. Their
views have been essential to the development of this policy and their help is essential for its implementation.
They know that we in Washington have
an obligation to protect and nurture the
unique cultures and fragile economies of
these islands, which are so distinct from
the rest of the Nation in terms of history,
geography, economic potential, tradition
and ethnic composition. Our goal should
be to recognize these distinctions as assets
rather than to expect the territories to
conform to practices and policies designed
for the States and often inapplicable to
insular areas.
That is why this policy was not simply
adopted in Washington for the territories;
it was formulated in conjunction with the
elected officials of the territories whose input was obtained at every stage and played
a major role in shaping this policy.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 14
EXECUTIVE BRANCH REORGANIZATION
To implement the initiatives I announce today, I will continue to rely upon
the Department of the Interior, which for
some time has had principal responsibility within the Executive Branch for territorial matters. To help it perform this
function, I propose the following reorganization steps:
-the Secretary of the Interior will be
given clear responsibility for all matters
related to the territories and will be accorded increased support from other agencies and the White House staff;
-the office charged with territorial
liaison and assistance responsibility will be
enhanced organizationally to help it deliver the services expected of it and will be
headed by a new Assistant Secretary of the
Interior for Territorial and International
Affairs; and
-to further ensure a coordinated Federal effort, territorial matters will be
among the major responsibilities of a
senior assistant on my Domestic Policy
Staff.
These measures will improve the attention given the territories. They will
make explicit Interior's responsibilities for
the Northern Mariana Islands but will not
change the Department's responsibilities
for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands prior to the termination of the
Trusteeship.
The organizational arrangements for
handling United States relations with the
freely associated States of Micronesia after
termination of the Trusteeship, however,
will not be determined until the final
character of our responsibilities with regard to those island States is fully defined
through the agreements now being negotiated.
The present policy of assigning no one
department specific responsibility for liai
son and assistance to Puerto Rico will continue until the government of that island
requests such an assignment.
Under this reorganization, the Federal
Comptrollers will continue to provide the
territories with technical assistance and
to perform their traditional and essential
auditing function.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
In keeping with our fundamental policy
of self-determination, all options for political development should be open to the
people of the insular territories so long as
their choices are implemented when economically feasible and in a manner that
does not compromise the national security
of the United States.
If the people of any of the territories
wish to modify their current political
status, they should express their aspirations to the Secretary of the Interior
through their elected leaders, as is the case
now. The Secretary, along with representatives of the appropriate Federal agencies, will in turn, consult with territorial
leaders on the issues raised. Following
such discussions, a full report will be submitted to the Congress, along with the
Secretary's proposals and recommendations.
This procedure will permit an orderly
development of the Federal-territorial relationship. To maximize local self-determination, however, I want to encourage
the people of Guam and the Virgin Islands
to continue in the constitution-drafting
process. By doing so, they will in due
course replace the Federal laws under
which their local governments now function with instruments of their own design.
The Secretary of the Interior will also
make recommendations to me on the
other proposals for political development
considered during the Administration's
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Feb. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Domestic Policy Review, including: Federal court reform in Guam and the Virgin
Islands, Congressional representation for
the Northern Mariana Islands, and other
changes in current law.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Attainment of the political aspirations
of the people of the territories, as well as
the quality of their lives, is vitally dependent on the economic viability of these
insular areas. Therefore, this policy
framework places special emphasis on furthering the economic development of
each of these areas. As with other aspects
of this policy, the Department of the Interior will be given new responsibilities
to accomplish this end. Chief among these
will be coordination of the work of the
Federal government's economic development agencies with respect to the territories.
So that we may make sense out of the
somewhat confused pattern of Federal
laws that now apply or fail to apply to
the territories, I will propose legislation to
establish a Presidential Commission to examine the application of Federal statutes
on a case by case basis to Guam, the Virgin Islands and American Samoa. On this
Commission, representatives of each of
the territories would join Federal legislative and executive respresentatives in
recommending legislation to the President
for his submission to Congress.
The Commission would not examine
the applicability of Federal laws to the
Northern Mariana Islands because our
Covenant with that Commonwealth stipulates the appointment of a separate commission for that purpose. I will shortly
appoint members to that Commission.
I will also direct the Department of the
Interior, with the assistance of Federal
320
economic development agencies, to undertake an analysis of Federal constraints
on territorial economic expansion. This
study will provide information and policy
guidelines for the Commissions on Federal laws and will propose concrete action
to remove administratively-imposed constraints.
I have, further, directed the Secretary
of the Interior to devise methods of encouraging private sector development in
the territories by providing technical
training and public and private financing
assistance. Again, in this effort the Secretary of the Interior will coordinate the
involvement of all relevant agencies, particularly the Economic Development Administration of the Department of Commerce, which I expect to play a major
role in fostering the growth of the private
sector in the territories.
CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
Federal constraints, the need for technical assistance and training, and the lack
of local venture capital are not the only
factors inhibiting private sector growth
in the territories. There is also a serious
need to develop and maintain the basic
capital infrastructure to meet business
and human requirements. In many of the
islands, meaningful economic growth-as
well as a decent standard of living-will
be an unattainable dream unless elementary facilities are constructed.
My 1981 Budget recognizes this fact. In
it I have proposed substantial Federal
support for several essential capital improvement projects. The funding level
proposed would have the Federal government finance 90 percent of the cost of
these projects. This method of cost-sharing of capital improvement projects in the
territories is a major element of the terri
A'
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 14
torial assistance proposals I announce today. I urge that it be standardized until
the territories become sound enough financially to assume a greater portion of
the cost of needed projects.
JOINT FEDERAL-TERRITORIAL PLANNING
To plan and set priorities for territorial
capital development, my Administration
will propose a program for joint Federalterritorial, comprehensive, multi-year
planning, financed by Federal grants.
This planning will serve other purposes as
well. It will help to improve the effectiveness of Federal grant programs in the territories and it will assist the territories to
better manage their finances.
FEDERAL GRANT PROGRAMS
Several other initiatives will be undertaken by my Administration to enhance
the effectiveness and usefulness of Federal
grant programs, including:
-encouragement to territorial governors to strengthen their grant coordinating units and to participate in
joint planning efforts,
-a directive to all Federal agencies to
keep the Department of the Interior
informed of all grant applications and
decisions affecting the territories and
to provide it with data related to the
applications and the programs to
which they apply,
-a waiver of matching requirements
for programs or projects the Federal
government wants to encourage in
the territories, and
-development of a test proposal to
provide the territories with block
grants replacing the categorical
grants-in-aid which the territories
find increasingly difficult to administer effectively.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
The initiatives I propose to ameliorate
territorial financial difficulties are part of
a major revision of the financial relationship between Washington and the territories. This change is designed to promote
greater self-reliance in the territories. It
recognizes that somewhat greater levels
of assistance are required in the short run
to enable the territories to be more selfsufficient in the long run. It focuses on
capital improvements, economic development, and gradually increasing territorial
contributions to the funding of local programs and projects.
Thus, while my Administration will
continue to oppose measures that provide
a disincentive to prudent budget practices-such as the financing of deficit
spending-I will submit legislation designed to enable Guam and the Virgin
Islands to alleviate immediate and nearterm budgetary pressures while improving their financial management practices.
This proposal is expected to provide an
additional $25 million in financial aid to
the two territories in Fiscal Year 1981, as
well as to provide an incentive toward
greater local tax effort. It will be accompanied by assistance designed to improve
budget-making and planning in the territories. It will make continued additional
Federal support contingent on sound budgeting and accounting practices, including a plan to eliminate accumulated
deficits.
My 1981 Budget proposes a continuance
of significant Federal support for American Samoa and budgetary support for the
Northern Mariana Islands as required by
the Covenant. Both will also be able to
participate in our program of budget
planning assistance. As an incentive to
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
self-reliance in American Samoa, I propose that in the future our operational
assistance to that territory be limited to the
previous year's base plus a five percent
inflation adjustment.
To increase territorial revenues, I propose that we fully extend the Internal
Revenue Code, now limited to the States
and the District of Columbia, to the territories. I will submit legislation similar to
S. 2017, sponsored by Senator Johnston,
that will replace the so-called "mirror"
systems of income taxation imposed by
Federal law and eliminate restrictions on
the local imposition of a local income tax.
This measure would provide the territories with many advantages in addition
to according them State-like Federal income tax treatment. Collections by the
Internal Revenue Service would be
covered over to territorial treasuries for an
anticipated significant net gain. Anomalies in current tax laws would be eliminated, encouraging business activity and
increasing collections. Employees of territorial tax agencies would be given preference in hiring for Internal Revenue
Service positions in their territories. And
the legislation would create new incentives
for business investment.
As I noted at the outset, the legislative
proposals and administrative actions that
make up this policy framework seek to reaffirm our fundamental commitment to
self-determination. They recognize as well
our unique relationships with the territories and our special obligations to their
peoples.
This comprehensive territorial policy
will enhance the political, economic and
social development of those territories to
which we owe so much and which need
our assistance. Territorial Americans can
rest assured that we will pursue this new
policy with diligence and perseverance.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 14, 1980.
World Trade Week, 1980
Proclamation 4722. February 14, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The United States has set out with
vigor and determination to implement the
historic trade agreements concluded in the
Tokyo Round of the Multilateral Trade
Negotiations. The Administration has
conducted a major reorganization of the
Federal Government's trade functions in
order to take greater advantage of the opportunities these agreements offer. The
1980s begin to emerge as a time both of
challenge and renaissance in the world of
international commerce. They will be
America's decade for trade.
Expanded world trade contributes to
the growth of economies throughout the
world and opens new avenues of cooperation that serve us in our quest for peace
and human rights.
Increased U.S. exports will mean more
jobs for American workers, new markets
for American business, more secure income for American farmers, a strengthened American dollar and lower costs for
American consumers. Trade promotes our
economic health and moves us closer to
our goal of a prosperous and secure America at peace with the world.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 15
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim the week beginning
May 18, 1980, as World Trade Week, and
I request all Americans to cooperate in
observing that week by participating with
the business community and all levels of
Government in activities that emphasize
the importance of world trade to the
United States economy and to our relations with other nations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:28 a.m., February 15, 1980]
John Day River in Oregon
Message to the Congress Transmitting a Wild
and Scenic River Study. February 15, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Pursuant to Section 4(a) of the Wild
and Scenic Rivers Act (P.L. 90-542), I
am transmitting the Wild and Scenic
River Study of the John Day River in
Oregon. The study was prepared by the
Department of the Interior.
The study finds that the entire 147 mile
study segment of the river qualifies for
addition to the National Wild and Scenic
Rivers System as a scenic river. The State
of Oregon has already acted -to protect
this river under its Scenic Waterways
System. For this reason, the study recommends that the river be added to the national system as a State-administered component. The Secretary of the Interior has
indicated his willingness to add the river
to the national system as soon as the Governor of Oregon requests that it be added,
pursuant to Section 2 (a) (ii) of the Wild
and Scenic Rivers Act.
I support the recommendations of the
study.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 15, 1980.
Board for International Food and
Agricultural Development
Appointment of Four Members and
Designation of Chairman. February 15, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of four persons as members
of the Board for International Food and
Agricultural Development for 3-year
terms. They are:
C. Peter McGrath, president of the
University of Minnesota and professor of
political science there. He is a specialist in
American government.
Harold Frank Robinson, chancellor of
Western Carolina University. He is a specialist in genetics and plant breeding and
has served as Executive Director of the
President's Science Advisory Committee
Panel on the World Food Supply.
Clifton R. Wharton, Jr., chancellor of
the State University of New York, for reappointment. He is a specialist in economic development, higher education,
and U.S. foreign policy and has served as
a foundation official helping developing
nations, particularly in agriculture.
E. T. York, chancellor of the State University system of Florida. He was formerly
vice president for agricultural affairs at
the University of Florida and serves as
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Feb. 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
chairman of the Division of Agriculture,
National Association of State Universities
and Land-Grant Colleges, and as a member of the National Agricultural Research
Policy Advisory Committee.
The President also announced that he
has designated Wharton as Chairman of
this Board.
Meeting With Student Leaders
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session.
February 15, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. First of all, let me welcome you to the White House and to an
opportunity for us to let you know what is
going on in our own administration and
for you to give us advice on what our administration ought to do in the future. I
understand you've had good meetings
with my staff members and others. This is
very helpful to us and, I hope, to you.
I'd like to say just a few words from the
perspective of the Oval Office, as President, undoubtedly repeating some of the
points that you have heard during the
earlier part of the day. Then I'd like to
answer a few questions. And if you all
have the time. I would like to stand outside the door and have an individual
photograph made with each one of you
before you leave.
Also, Dr. Brzezinski has informed me
that seven or eight of you had expressed a
desire to volunteer for the Army. [Laughter] I have an Army recruiting officer out
there with me. [Laughter] The ones who
don't come through the line-I know
you've changed your mind. [Laughter]
It is exciting to me to have you here. I
know you represent a wide diversity of
points of view, geographically and perhaps philosophically. You come from
campuses in our Nation that are centers
of learning and also an epitome of what
the future of our country will be.
This is a historic place, as you know.
All the Presidents of our Nation have lived
here except the first one, George Washington. From John Adams to me, the leaders
of our country have lived in this same
home. It's a place of excitement, challenge, I think a sober realization of what
our Nation is, and a place of great history.
Presidents have had to face difficult
challenges, difficult times, when our Nation was tested, when questions arose that
appeared to have no answer, when obstacles arose that seemed to have no possibility of being surmounted, and when
challenges arose that our Nation alone
had to meet. Some nations have looked to
us for leadership: others have not. Some
Presidents have had wide approbation of
the public; some have been severely
criticized, for different reasons.
Woodrow Wilson, one of the greatest of
all Presidents, was severely castigated for
being an idealist. And he admitted the
charge and said that what made him feel
like an American was being an idealist,
because he felt that as President he should
represent the finest ideals of our country,
should look to the future as a challenge
and an opportunity to realize the hopes
and dreams and aspirations not only of a
great nation but of individual people who
comprised it. He, as all other Presidents
have, recognized that our Nation is one
of unique diversity.
We're a nation that is made up of almost every possible ethnic and religious
and racial group in the world. And this is
not a cause for weakness or division, but
it's a cause or a basis on which our Nation's strength can be mounted, not only
in the ties of friendship and kinship that
connect us with every other country,
friend, or potential adversary but also
because we derived in a spirit of unity that
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 15
varied competitive strength that comes
from that heterogeneity of our populace.
We are a nation of freedom, and we are
a nation that prides individuality. We are
a nation that thrives on difference of
opinion, on debate, sometimes on division. We are a nation that looks upon the
political process as a sign of potential
unity and not permanent divisiveness and
weakness. Our country is one that sometimes has to face a difficult issue before
other nations face the same issue, because
we are strong enough and eager enough
to be willing to look to the future without
fear or trepidation and because we are in
the advanced guard of a cutting edge of
society. This is not a detriment for any of
us; it's an asset.
We're a nation that believes in strength.
And our country is the strongest on
Earth-militarily, politically, economically, and, I believe, morally and ethically as
well. It's a nation that believes in peace,
and we recognize that only through
strength and unity can we preserve peace.
This has not always been a goal which our
Nation has been able to achieve. There
have been some challenges which - we
could not ignore. There have been some
mistakes made in the judgment of our
leaders.
We are not a nation of infallibility.
We're a nation of human beings who, because of our differences and because of
the fluid nature of our society and because of the challenges which we sometimes meet first-a nation that makes mistakes. But we're also a nation that has a
self-correcting mechanism built in. We
have weathered the challenges and the
disappointments and the mistakes of
Vietnam, Watergate, CIA revelations,
and have come through still strong, still
respected.
We're a nation of human rights, not
only for our own people, to an increasing
degree in each generation, but also a nation that holds high the banner of human
rights for others to admire and to emulate.
I think the recent challenge to us in
the capture of innocent Americans and
holding of those Americans in our Embassy in Tehran has exhibited, for the
world to see, one basic characteristic of
Americans, and that is that 220 million of
us, self-satisfied, at ease, blessed with material blessings and security, have been almost devastated in our concern for those
50 people, not famous people or rich people or powerful people, but important
people. Not only have we been concerned
about their lives but we have been concerned about their freedom.
And for us to exhibit a constant, national, almost unanimous concern about
those 50 hostages has been a signal to the
world that we do indeed practice our concern about the value of an individual life
and the right of that person to be free.
Afghanistan is an additional unexpected challenge to our country. I think a
matter of profound significance-the rest
of the world is rallying to the same cause
which we have espoused; that is, a public
condemnation of the Soviets' unwarranted invasion of that country of Afghanistan and the subjugation of formerly free
people under military power.
We have responded, along with a tremendous number of other countries,
through peaceful means. Every action that
we have taken has been designed to enhance peace and to let the Soviets know
that they cannot invade an innocent country with impunity. We've not used military power. We have it. What wve've used
is economic and political persuasion,
joined with other countries in the United
Nations and independently of us by Moslem countries assembled in Islamabad
who voted 34 to nothing to condemn the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Soviet Union, in the call for their immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan.
There are rapidly changing circumstances in the Persian Gulf, Middle East,
Southwest Asian region. It's an unstable
region. There is a resurgence, some say a
renaissance, of the Islamic religious faith
there. People feel very deeply about those
beliefs. There are conflicts that have
arised from that resurgence, and we are
trying to understand and accommodate
those.
Our basic foreign policy is consistent,
sustained, uniform: We respect the rights
of others to be different. We want their
decisions to be made internally. We would
like to see them, as much as possible,
honor the rights of individuals who live in
their own country, to protect human
rights. We have no intention of interceding in the internal affairs of another country, but when there is a threat to world
peace or to regional peace, we'd like to
add our voice and our strength to the
preservation of stability and peace.
We've had a good opportunity to exert
this influence in the Middle East, in the
negotiations that are now ongoing this
day between Egypt and Israel. We've
helped the British and worked with the
British in trying to bring democratic rule
and an end of persecution and discrimination in Rhodesia. We're attempting the
same thing in Libya. We'd like to see
the same thing done in South Africa in
the future, as soon as possible, and the end
to apartheid, a recognition of the end of
racial discrimination.
We've kept our ties of friendship with
Taiwan, and we've opened up new opportunities for friendship with a billion people or more in the People's Republic of
China. We've made good progress-still
have a long way to go. In the last 200
years since our Nation was formed, for
the first time we are friends with both
Japan and China at the same time.
There are promising signals to Americans for the future. But my responsibilities are multitudinous and diverse, but the
preeminent one is to keep our Nation
secure and to keep our Nation at peace.
And these two responsibilities are not incompatible. I might say that we don't
want other nations to misunderstand us.
We don't want there to be a conflict
created because of miscalculation. And
our Nation has to be strong, and it has to
be resolved.
There has been a remarkable degree of
unity lately in our country, which has been
very reassuring to me, reassuring to the
people of our country, reassuring to our
allies and, I think, a properly cautioning
factor in the plans of potential adversaries
for the future. We want to control weapons, reduce the threat of nuclear destruction, that all Americans share the responsibility for these purposes.
I know it's been a highly volatile question of the registration for the draft. I
have no apology to make for it. I think it's
a right decision. I know you've had several
discussions about this with Dr. Brzezinski,
with Stu Eizenstat, and others.
In closing let me say this: I'm the
leader of our Nation, elected by the people
of our country. You yourselves have been
elected to positions of leadership. You
know the responsibilities that fall on the
shoulders of a leader, because your voice
represents that of an entire student body.
And you know that you have to accommodate conflicting advice, conflicting factors
and, with a demonstration of personal
courage on occasion and personal strength
on occasion, go counter to a trend or an
idea or maybe whatever might be popular
and make a decision that's best for your
college or university and also best for the
people who've elected you to office. This
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Feb. 15
is a characteristic of our Nation, in a
democracy, and it's one that I know
you've upheld very well.
You've got a great responsibility and a
great opportunity, and I'm very proud
indeed to have you come to the White
House. I would be glad now to answer a
few questions for you.
Q. President Carter, there's been a lot
of discussion about your registration for
the draft. But I'd like you to know that
there's a big group of us from Texas that
intend to support you on that. I'm from
Southern Methodist University in Dallas,
and I would like to know what effect you
think the new Education Department, if
any, will have on the private universities
in the Nation?
THE PRESIDENT. I think it will
strengthen the private universities of our
country.
When I was first involved in political
life, I was on the Sumter County School
Board in deep south Georgia. It was a
time when we were transferring our emphasis from segregated school systems to
integrated school systems. Our schools
were on the verge of destruction in the
Southeast, including Texas.
When I went to the Georgia Senate,
my only request was that I be put on the
Education Committee. And I devoted a
lot of my time to help save the school
system, the public school system of
Georgia, and then became Governor and
probably spent 25 percent of my time improving the private and public school
structure of our State. We put into effect
for the first time when I was Governor a
per capita grant to the private colleges of
our State to help keep them politically
and economically viable.
In the Federal Government in the past,
the education considerations of all kinds,
from Head Start through graduate school,
including research and development and
everything else, has been buried under
health and welfare. Now, for the first time
there will be a single. identifiable Cabinet
person-it happens to be a womancompetent. and dedicated just to the
quality of education in private and public
education at every level of the educational
process. I don't think there's any doubt
it will be an improvement.
We also have an additional factor that
we can now resolve, and that is a better
correlation between the product of our
universities and colleges and high schools
and grammar schools and vocational and
technical schools, on the one hand, and
the opportunities for careers that exist
within the same community or the same
region. In the past wve've not always
matched those tw6 verv well. I think we
can do that better.
So, I have no doubt that in every aspect
of education having a separate department with that unique responsibility will
be better.
Q. President Carter, my name is Jerry
Kerwin. I'm the student body president at
UCLA.
And just the other day you made a comment about students overreacting to the
registration plan. A lot of students have
been looking at other alternatives-like
Congressman McCloskey has a plan in
Congress right now which would bring up
national service, a plan for that. [Inaudihle]-just brought up other ways to
strengthen the military, and there's other
things also. I'd like to know if in your staff
discussions what are the kinds of things
you looked at before deciding to come out
with the proposed registration?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we looked at
those considerations, and they're still viable. Let me repeat, which I'm sure you
have heard often today: We have no
plans for the initiation of the draft. We
do not need it now. There is no need for
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
our country to be mobilized with the involuntary recruitment of anyone. We are
now getting along very well with our voluntary military forces.
We are also getting along very well with
the voluntary service of young and old
people in the Peace Corps, other
ACTION programs. There is a constitutional question involved in the involuntary recruitment of people for nonmilitary service; there is a constitutional provision against involuntary servitude. And
it would not be constitutionally permissible, according to some lawyers, if we
conscripted people for the purpose of rejuvenating communities or solving our
energy problem or service in mental
health centers or working in hospitals or
that sort of thing. So, absent a time of
crisis when our Nation was mobilized to
defend itself militarily, it would not be
feasible, in my opinion, to have the
broader based public service as a result of
conscription.
I think that many of you would consider, though, a formal public service,
perhaps early in your professional career,
in some of the forms that I've just described. I don't think many of you are
likely to go into the military. I wish you
would. I was in there for 11 years and
enjoyed it and got a lot out of it and ulti-.
mately did okay in politics. [Laughter]
But there are many other very strong programs.
I don't know if you all met with Sam
Brown today or not. Did Sam talk to you?
Well Sam, as you know, is in charge of
our ACTION program, under which
comes the Peace Corps and other volunteer service programs. You might want to
consider those. But I think voluntarily it
would be great; conscription for that purpose would be doubtful of legality or
need.
Q. My name is Russ Lamp, Wayne
State University. We heard the National
Security Adviser, Dr. Brzezinski, and the
Director of Selective Service make presentations on the world situation, registration, and draft, and so forth. And hearing
your position, our school has taken a position in opposition to registration and the
draft, and we still hold that.
It hasn't been clearly established what
the military need is, and I believe the
word "preparedness," a rather vague
word, has been given as the rationale. We
want to say, and I feel I am obligated
from my constituency to communicate to
you, as you've requested to hear from us,
that we're opposed to it, we're concerned
about the use of the military and continued prospects for intervention in
the Third World-[inaudible]-military
force-that is being considered-our
policies in-[inaudible]. We're concerned
about this, and we're concerned about
whether the draft is a way of responding
to a war with the Soviet Union, when the
prospects of a nuclear war would loom
very large. Since those military questions
are very serious and haven't been addressed yet, we're concerned and do not
agree that registration is appropriate at
this time.
THE PRESIDENT. I understand. I presume that there was not a question.
[Laughter] Right?
Q. No, sir. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Okay. Thank you for
your comment.
Q. My name is Tommy Norman, from
Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. And I'd just like to ask something
on the new Education Department. What
kind of concerns will there be for the
black universities and black institutions
and their preservation?
THE PRESIDENT. All right. I would say
that the prime factor that permitted
Georgia and Louisiana and other States
in the South to change from a segregated
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 15
society into an integrated society-with
tremendous benefit for the black and
white people of our region and the whole
Nation, perhaps even the world-has been
the strength of the predominantly black
colleges, a center for teaching and a center for the enhancement of knowledge
about the proper relationship between the
different people who live in our country,
black and white, particularly in the Southeast.
Since I've been in this office, and with
my background in the Georgia Senate and
the Georgia Governor's office and knowing the Atlanta University complex and
our own system in our State, we've done
everything we could to strengthen and
to preserve the integrity and the character of the predominantly black colleges.
We do not want to see the black colleges discriminate against white students
who might want to enroll there, and we
certainly do not want to see any form of
de facto or de jure prohibition against
black students who might want to come
into and enroll in the predominantly
white colleges.
But I see a permanent role for predominantly black colleges when they are desired, and we are doing everything we
can, formerly under Joe Califano and now
under Pat Harris, to protect the strength
of the black colleges in the future, under
Shirley Hufstedler when the Department
of Education comes into being. The black
colleges are important to us, and I think
as a predominantly black educational institution, they should be preserved if that's
the desire of the people in that particular
community.
Q. Do you feel that the present condemnation by Islamic and Third World
nations of the Soviet action in Afghanistan-that the Soviets will try to move
further towards the Persian Gulf? And if
the answer to that question is no. then
why is the registration needed?
THE PRESIDENT. All right. It's hard to
guess. We did not anticipate the Soviets'
move into Afghanistan. This is a radical
departure from the policy and actions of
the Soviet Union ever since the Second
World War. They have moved large troop
concentrations into Hungary and Czechoslovakia to put down a resurgent effort
by the citizens of those two nations, already dominated by the Soviet Union as
a result of territorial acquisition or influence following the Second World War.
But this is the first time that the Soviets
have ever penetrated a country that was
not previously under their domination,
with Soviet troops. I think this action did
deeply disturb those other countries in the
region, who see a possible repetition of
this kind of invasive action unless the
Soviets are cautioned against moving further and castigated and condemned because of their previous actions.
Some of those Moslem countries in
Islamabad who condemned the Soviets
and called for their immediate withdrawal
had formerly been dominated to some
degree by the Soviet Union or heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union for economic or military support. And it was an
act of great courage on their part to condemn the Soviets and to call for their
withdrawal. This was not done because
they are relaxed or sure about their own
safety in the future; it was done because
they are concerned about their own
safety in the future.
I might point out that our country has
got to be a leader. I started to say "the
leader." We've got to be a leader. We
don't put ourselves in the forefront of the
obstacle toward further Soviet invasion.
The first line of defense, obviously, is the
strength and integrity of the nations who
border the Soviet Union, among their
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
own people. They've got to be able and
willing to defend themselves. I would say
the second line of defense would be
among their own neighbors, within the
Moslem world perhaps. I would like to
see the Moslem countries, for instance,
pledge themselves that if any of their
brother nations are invaded by the Soviet
Union, that they would respond jointly
to that threat. But there has to be some
demonstration to them, either through
quiet assurances or through public commitments, that our nation is also marshaled, if necessary, to respond.
I said in the news conference the other
night that we will not permit the Soviets
to choose either the tactics or the terrain.
We have to keep our options flexible. And
there are a series of things that we can
and must do to let the world know that
we will be strong-with private assurances to those countries: "If you stand
firm, we will give you aid as you request
it," which we're doing in the case of
Turkey, which we're doing in the case of
Saudi Arabia, which we're doing in the
case of Pakistan and others, to try to form
better friendships between those countries
who might formerly have been adversaries.
We're doing the best we can to encourage discussions between Pakistan and
India. We would like to see a very firm
friendship established between Pakistan
and India, recently historical enemies.
We'd like to see the alleviation of nuclear
tension created between those two countries, because India exploded a nuclear
device. We're trying to induce the Pakistanis not to.
But the registration for the draft,
which I have proposed, is another important symbolic act to let the world know
that we're not joining the 55 other countries who already have a draft. We're not
talking about a draft, but we're talking
about the preparation for mobilization if
it is required. And we're doing the best
we can to prevent the need for mobilization and the need for a draft.
The best way we can do that is twofold.
One is to let the Soviets know that they
must not challenge us through further
aggression against innocent people and
that we are resolved to resist it. If they
don't challenge us, there will be no need
for mobilization. And secondly, to make
sure that if we are registered, this will
save us 90 to 100 days in a time of mobilization and will make the draft much less
likely. I see no prospect, under present
circumstances, for the need for a draft.
We are not asking for additional legislation to permit me to call for registration;
that already exists.
So, it's a part of a unilateral, multilateral, regional response to the Soviet
Union, to say, "Do not go any further;
withdraw your troops from this invaded
country." We are not trying to bring the
Soviets to their knees; we're not trying to
humiliate the Soviet Union. We're trying
to let them know that there is a world
condemnation of what they have done. If
they, with impunity, can take over this
adjacent country, then my judgment is
they'd be much more tempted to take
a further step into Pakistan, into Iran, or
into some adjacent country. I think it's
excellent insurance, and I think it's
needed. And we're going to go through
with it.
Maybe one more question, and
thenQ. You started to say "the leader," and
then you changed your mind. Isn't that, in
fact, what you did say in your State of the
Union message?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. In many ways, we
are the leader, and other countries look to
us for leadership. I have probably had
more private communications, including
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Feb. 15
telephone calls, personal meetings, and
secret dispatches, between myself and the
leaders of foreign countries in the last 3
months than I have all the rest of the 3
years that I have been in office combined,
because countries want to know, "What is
the United States going to do; what are
you prepared to assure us that you will
do; and how much can we-depend upon
your support if we ourselves take action?"
We are so strong and so secure in our
own entity that we can take action that
others cannot afford to take. For instance,
the grain embargo is an action against the
Soviet Union that is punitive in nature
but sends us severe cautionary signals. We
have not sacrificed our own well-being in
taking that significant action. For instance, I declared the grain embargo, I
think on the 4th of January. It reduced
the sale of American products to the
Soviet Union by 17 million tons. The
price of corn, the cash price for corn now
is higher than it was in January. The price
of wheat, oats, soybeans are all higher
than they were then. It has not depressed
the market.
Secondly, we shipped more grain from
the United States last month, in spite of
the embargo against the Soviet Union,
than we did a year ago. So, we can accommodate that kind of signal to the
Soviet Union, which has tangible effect,
when other countries don't have the grain
to sell at the beginning. Afid if they did
take the same action, they would severely
hurt themselves economically.
I've had a lot of other leaders say, "We
don't believe it's proper for our country
to attend the Summer Olympics in Moscow if the Soviets are in the process of
having invaded Afghanistan." And they
say, "We're going to join you." We've had
maybe 50 nations already that said, "We
do not support the Summer Olympic
games in Moscow." But they couldn't get
out in front of us, but they are willing to
follow if we provide the lead.
There are many other examples that I
could describe to you. I'm not trying to
say that we are the best nation on Earth,
but we're the strongest, and we are able
to stand and take action. We don't take
action secretly. We let the world know
what we're going to do. We don't take
action to cause conflict or combat or disturb the peace. We take action that is
peaceful in nature.
One other point I would like to make:
It is not easy for a nation like ours to
avoid combat. Historically speaking, mine
so far, and I pray to God that it will stay,
is the first in 56 years that hasn't had
Americans losing their lives in combat.
And we have been strong, and we have
been bold. We have not ducked difficult
issues. So, I am not saying that we are better than other countries, but we are a
natural leader. We and the Soviets are
the superpowers. And my hope is to go
out of this office having kept our country
at peace; to go out of this office with firm,
sound friendship and detente between
ourselves and the Soviet Union; to go out
of this office having enhanced human
rights; to go out of this office with the Nation strong and united; to go out of this
office with our own people having a better
quality of life; and to go out of this office
with alliances and friendships firmly established with as many people as possible on
Earth; and to go out of this office with
nuclear arms under control.
Those are the goals that I've had since
I came in this office. And we have setbacks, and we have successes, and the
difficulties are very great, but the reassuring thing is that I don't feel alone. I
would wish that all of you would support
my positions unanimously, but I don't expect you to do it. But to the extent that
you as leaders can say, "On these issues,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the President has made a difficult decision and we support him," it would be
very helpful for our country. Our country is not culpable. I don't know of any
action that I've taken that has caused our
Nation embarrassment or caused us to
apologize.
And the last thing I'd like to say is thisit's partially in answer to your question.
But all of us are inclined, in a free society,
in rapidly changing times, to remember
the disagreements and the arguments and
the debates and the temporary inconveniences and the challenges that we've
not yet fully met and the questions we
haven't fully answered. That is part of
life in a democracy, with a completely
open press and a free and open debate of
issues and a free right to criticize our own
Government in any way you want to.
That's part of it. But the thing that we
ought not to forget is the tremendous advantages that we have been granted by
birth or because of the courage and bravery of our predecessors, to live in this
country, a country of strength, a country of unity, a country of freedom, a country of excitement, a country of innovation,
a country of confidence, a country of challenge, a country of leadership, a country
of ideals. I don't see how we could ask for
much more.
Thank you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
International Air Transportation
Competition Act
Statement on Signing S. 1300 Into Law.
February 15, 1980
I am pleased to sign into law S. 1300,
the International Air Transportation
Competition Act. This law reinforces the
policy of my administration to reduce
regulation of the airline industry. It will
strengthen my hand in assuring American consumers and carriers the benefit of
more international flights, from more
American cities and regions, with greater
flexibility to set fares as low as efficient
management and open competition will
allow.
Reducing the burden of unnecessary
regulation has been one of my major goals
as President. We have had particular success in the field of air travel.
The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
lifted artificial barriers to competition in
the domestic airline industry, saving air
passengers over $1.5 billion in its first
year. It also provided for termination of
the Civil Aeronautics Board, the agency
that created and maintained a rigid system of price and entry controls that lasted
40 years.
In the same year, I extended our procompetitive policies to the international
sphere by making appropriate use of the
authority of United States agencies and
by negotiating less restrictive agreements
with other nations. Since I initiated this
policy, the administration has secured 11
bilateral agreements with foreign governments incorporating the new procompetitive objectives.
This legislation affirms and strengthens
our commitment to deregulation. The bill
reduces statutory barriers against the entry
of individual carriers into new international markets and authorizes carriers to
change their fares within a zone of reasonableness without interference from the
Civil Aeronautics Board. The bill also authorizes the Board and the President to
take quick and effective countermeasures
against a foreign government that en
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
gages in discriminatory or anticompetitive
practices against American carriers or
tries to impair their operating rights.
Many people were active in achieving
passage of this legislation. I would like
particularly to congratulate Chairman
Howard Cannon of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, Chairman Harold Johnson of the
House Committee on Public Works and
Transportation, and Chairman Glenn
Anderson of that committee's Aviation
Subcommittee, whose knowledge and
leadership were key factors in shaping
and passing the bill.
NOTE: As enacted, S. 1300 is Public Law 96 -192, approved February 15.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
February 11
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
The President met at the White House
with:
-professional boxer Muhammad Ali,
to discuss his meetings with African
leaders concerning participation in
the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow;
-Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee.
In the evening the President attended a
buffet dinner and participated in a briefing by administration officials on national
defense and foreign policy issues, given for
Members of Congress on the State Floor
of the White House.
February 12
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Louis A. Lerner, U.S. Ambassador to
Norway, and Mrs. Lerner;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale.
In a ceremony in the Cabinet Room,
the President was presented with the
Christian Service Award by the executive
board of the Southern Baptist Radio and
Television Commission.
The President participated in a briefing
on the equal rights amendment given for
community and civic leaders from Florida, Georgia, Illinois, and Missouri in
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office
Building.
The President transmitted to the Congress a report on Presidential Recommendations for Selective Service Reform
and proposed legislation to allow the
registration of both men and women.
February 13
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-a group of Hispanic ministers.
February 14
The President met at the White House
with:
-David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to
the President for National Security
Affairs;
-Mr. Moore;
-Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence;
-the executive committee of the
National Black Caucus of State
Legislators.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont in the
East Room at the White House.
The White House announced that
Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi will
pay a 4-day state visit to Washington
February 19-22 at the invitation of President Carter. President Moi's visit will be
the first visit by a Kenyan President to the
United States. During the visit he will
meet with President Carter, Secretary of
State Vance. Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs Zbigniew Brzezinski, and other high-ranking U.S. Government officials to discuss a wide range of
international, regional, and bilateral
issues.
February 15
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, Lloyd N.
Cutler, Counsel to the President, and
Dr. Brzezinski;
-former Chancellor Willy Brandt of
the Federal Republic of Germany
and Sir Shridath Ramphal, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth;
-Mr. Moore:
a group of magazine editors (transcript will be printed next week)
-Robert B. Delano, president, and
John C. Datt, secretary and administrator, American Farm Bureau Federation;
-James L. Bomar, Jr.. president of
Rotary International;
-Pilar Cartella De Rubin, an Hispanic
artist;
-King Juan Carlos I and Queen
Sophia of Spain.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted February 11, 1980
The following-named persons to be members of
the Board of Directors of the National Railroad Passenger Corporation for terms expiring July 18, 1982:
JAMES R. MILLS, of California (reappointment).
FRANK H. NEEL, of Georgia (reappointment).
GUY FELIZ ERB, of California, to be Deputy
Director of the United States International
Development Cooperation Agency (new
position).
Submitted February 13, 1980
WILLIAM ELDRED PEACOCK, of the District of
Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the
Army, vice Robert L. Nelson, resigned.
Submitted February 14, 1980
ROZANNE L. RIDGWAY, of the District of Columbia, a Foreign Service officer of Class one,
to be Counselor of the Department of State.
BETSY LEVIN, of North Carolina, to be General
Counsel, Department of Education (new
position).
Submitted February 15, 1980
JOHN L. PALMER, of Virginia, to be an Assistant Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare, vice Benjamin W. Heineman,
Jr., resigned.
CESAR A. PERALES, of New York, to be an
Assistant Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare, vice Arabella Martinez,
resigned.
ROBINSON 0. EVERETT, of North Carolina, to
be a judge of the United States Court of
Military Appeals for the remainder of the
term expiring May 1, 1981, vice Matthew J.
Perry, Jr., resigned.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released February 12, 1980
News conference: on the radioactive waste
management program-by Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic
Affairs and Policy, John M. Deutch, Under
Secretary of Energy, Frank Press, Director,
Office of Science and Technology Policy, and
J. Gustave Speth, Chairman, Council on
Environmental Quality
Fact sheet: radioactive waste management
program
Released February 13, 1980
Announcement: the President's meeting with
King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sophia of
Spain on February 15
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released February 14, 1980
Announcement: visit of President Daniel arap
Moi of Kenya to Washington February 19-22
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved February 12, 1980
S. 423 --- —----------- Public Law 96-190
Dispute Resolution Act.
Approved February 15, 1980
H.R. 5176 --- —-------- Public Law 96-191
General Accounting Office Personnel Act of
1980.
S. 1300 --- —----------- Public Law 96-192
International Air Transportation Competition Act.
335
Week Ending Friday, February 22, 1980
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Magazine Editors. February 15, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Well, first of all, let me
say it's a pleasure to have you here at the
White House to talk to me and, I know,
later on today to talk to many of my own
advisers both on domestic and foreign affairs. You've had the beginning already,
and I know that you have, in the future,
some opportunities to cross-examine my
advisers in a much more detailed way.
ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
I think I might outline just a few things
that are responsibilities of mine at this
moment and then spend what time we
have available answering your specific
questions.
Domestically, we have a new Congress
back in session, a multitude of issues to be
resolved through the budget process and
through remaining legislation, primarily
from last year. The most important carryover legislation concerns the controlling
of inflation through the evolution and implementation of a comprehensive energy
policy. You are thoroughly familiar with
that.
The major new domestic proposal this
year will be to establish a youth employment program far above and beyond and
more effective than what we have now,
involving primarily the Education Department, which is new, and also the
Labor Department-the training of maybe 450,000 young people in private job
opportunities. That will substantially re
duce the unemployment rate among these
young people, particularly among minority groups.
Internationally, the two most severe
crises have been the ones that we've had
to face the last 3 months or so-the incarceration of our hostages in Iran and the
invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet
Union. This has put an extraordinary, additional responsibility on our country, as
a world leader and as a nation deeply concerned about the safety and the freedom
of these 50 American people.
Detailed negotiations have been underway for a good while. We are discussing
the issue not only with the principals involved but also with many of our allies
and other countries around the world, to
support our position in both these international matters. I think the action of the
United Nations, the action of the International Court of Justice, the action of the
Moslem nations in Islamabad not too long
ago all indicate a strong support for the
same positions that our own Nation is
espousing.
There are other considerations, obviously, that we have to contend with every
day. One is the ongoing discussions or
negotiations between Egypt and Israel to
implement fully the principles espoused
by all three of our countries during the
Camp David discussions and to carry out
the details of the Mideast peace treaty
that was signed last May. In a few days
now, there will be diplomatic recognition,
exchange of Ambassadors-a momentous
step forward toward peace in the Middle
East.
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Feb. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And we'll pursue, with the utmost attention and commitment, further progress
toward a comprehensive peace in the
Middle East, the alleviation of tension, the
involvement of others in the negotiating
processes, the realization of Palestinian
rights, and the perpetuation of the security
of Israel and the peaceful nature of
Israel's relationship with her neighbors.
We've strengthened NATO; I think this
has been a major accomplishment. We've
retained our relationship with Taiwan.
We've improved substantially our relationships with the billion or more people
who live in the People's Republic of
China.
We're committed to the preservation of
detente. Once the Soviet troops are withdrawn from Afghanistan and the threat of
military action by them is removed, then
we'll be very glad to pursue aggressively
again further progress in the control of
weapons and in the strengthening of our
ties with all nations on Earth.
These are some of the issues that I
wanted to outline very briefly. I think
when the national press departs, we can
have a chance to answer your questions on
specific issues.
Sam [Sam Donaldson, ABC News], we
wanted to
Q. Go ahead and ask, you know, if you
want. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. I don't want you to
learn any tricks from these people about
what kind of questions to ask me.
Q. [Inaudible] [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. I think they stayed in
much longer than ordinary. They ought to
not stay so long.
QUESTIONS
U.S. RELATIONS WITH ALLIES
Q. Mr. President, Lew Young, of
Business Week. There's been a lot of con
fusion in the United States press and in
the European press about just how far
our so-called allies have been cooperating on both Iran and Afghanistan. Would
you tell us what the real situation is, particularly with France and Germany?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I think I expressed this as clearly as I could at the
press conference the other night. I am
satisfied with the overall support for our
positions and the correlation of mutual
positions that exist now between ourselves and our major allies, including
France, Germany, Great Britain, Canada,
Australia, Japan, and others.
Obviously, there are sharp differences
of character among our different nations,
different relationships with the Soviet
Union, with China, and so forth, and
also different compositions of governments. Some of our major allies, for instance, are formed with coalition governments, where you have two different
parties-one represented by the Prime
Minister, a completely different party
and a potential political competitor represented as, say, the Foreign Minister.
But there are inevitable problems in
the degree with which we can communicate and consult before we make a major
decision. Some of the nations have said
we should have given them a longer prior
notice before I made my State of the
Union address, concerning the Olympics
question. This is a very sensitive issue
with some of them, and we understand
that. We did notify them, but only a few
hours before. But quite often in a major
forum of that kind, when I am preparing
the last stages of preparation of a State
of the Union message, even among myself, the Vice President, the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of Defense, the National Security Adviser, and key congressional leaders, we're still negotiating
exactly what our position is going to be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 16
in a multitude of issues crammed into a
25- or 30-minute speech.
We consult as best we can. But that's
an inevitable concern of theirs: "Let us
know further ahead of time before the
United States takes a position." Privately,
quite often, a group of allies or an individual ally will say, "You go ahead and
take a strong position on the Olympics.
Let us build up public support for your
position, and we will join you later."
But I think, to summarize, I am well
pleased at the basic agreement that we
now enjoy with our allies and friends, the
basic compatibility between our position
and that of, say, 34 Moslem nations who
acted independently in their own conference at Islamabad in condemning the
Soviet Union and demanding the Soviets
withdraw from Afghanistan, and the almost universal support that we've had in
the importunities and demands that the
Iranians release the American hostages.
We have to be the world leader. We
can take a stand on the Olympics or on
grain embargoes or interruption of commerce or on tighter restraints on high
technology equipment or the prohibition
against Soviet fishing rights easier than
some of our other allied countries can.
Q. But are those measures effective if
our allies don't go along with them?
THE PRESIDENT. They've gone along
with most of them. They have all agreed
not to replace any withheld shipments to
the Soviet Union. We are agreeing now
to tighten up on the framework of regulations that prohibit the shipment of high
technology items to the Soviet Union. I
think you're going to see a major response
among our allies and others, too, about
not going to the Olympics in Moscow,
with Soviet invasion troops in
Afghanistan.
Most of those allies, as you know, don't
have any appreciable amount of grain
that they can withhold from shipment to
the Soviet Union. We're able to do this.
As a matter of fact, the prices of grain
in the United States since January 4,
when I declared the grain embargo, have
gone up-corn, soybeans, oats, wheat. Our
shipments of grain-actual shipments, out
of coastal ports, of grain-have continued
to be higher the last month than they were
a year ago when we were making major
shipments to the Soviet Union. We will
set an alltime record of grain shipments
this year compared to a year ago. Last
year we set an alltime record. The previous year we set an alltime record in spite
of the interruption of shipments of grain
to the Soviet Union.
So, we can take action that punishes
the Soviet Union or cautions the Soviet
Union, without having it be devastating
to us economically; some of our allies
cannot. They don't have items of value
to withhold, and they are not economically able to withhold even those sensitive
items with the degree of commitment that
we can exhibit.
SELECTIVE SERVICE REVITALIZATION
Q. Mr. President, Robert Manning, the
Atlantic Monthly. In calling for a draft
registration, sir, is it your desire and expectation to hope that this would lead to
some debate now and discussion in the
public at large and also on the Hill about
how to prepare, move toward preparation
of selective service machinery to improve
it, to get away from inequities, the way it
operated in Vietnam, or is it your expectation that that debate should come at a
later time when there may be more need?
THE PRESIDENT. No. That debate has
already taken place. The 1971 Registration Act has removed almost all of the inequities that existed during Vietnam, by
eliminating the exclusions of young
Americans who were subject to the draft.
For instance, college students can only be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
deferred now till the end of the term.
Conscientious objectors still can be excluded. But that's almost all of the exclusions. It's quite different from what it
was during Vietnam, when there were
major exclusions of so-called middleclass Americans from the imposition of
the draft. That's already been done.
I have the complete authority now to
call for registration; I don't need additional legal authority to do so. I do need
the appropriation of funds to carry out
the expenses, which I think would be
about 15 or 20 million dollars a year just
to register. I don't have any intention of
going ahead with classification or with
physical examinations or the draft imposition itself.
My own belief is that we can best avoid
a major national mobilization, including
the draft, by being prepared to do so if
necessary. I think it will not only.caution
the Soviet Union against making it necessary for us to mobilize to meet further aggression on their part, but it will also
mean that we are better prepared to
mobilize rapidly and therefore would not
need to impose the draft as early.
We also think there will be some ancillary benefits with the registration of
young people, say, 18- and 20-year-old
men, at the present time. We'll have, I
think, a higher level of recruitment. We
only came up about 27,000 personnel
short last year in recruitment goals, out of
more than 2 million service personnel,
men and women. That's less than 1 /2 percent. But I think we can fill that gap and
also strengthen our reserves, just with the
public attention being called to the fact
that we do need to have a strong military
force.
I don't see any anticipated need at all
to go ahead with either classification or
the draft itself. And the legal restraints
that previously did exist against univer
sality have been removed already, and I
have [although I don't have] 1 legal authority to impose the draft.
PRESIDENT'S FAVORITE ARTISTS
Q. Mr. President, I'm Milt Esterow.
I'm with ARTnews and Antiques World
magazines. My question has nothing to do
with the burning issues of the day. I'm
told that in the few moments that you
have to relax, one of the paintings that
you particularly admire is the 19th century still life by William Harnett. I'd like
to find out why you respond to that particular painting. And also, are there any
other artists to whom you particularly respond, either from the 19th century or
contemporary?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. You know, I've
never claimed that Harnett was my favorite artist. As a matter of fact, this particular painting is an extraordinary example of Harnett's realistic art. It's the
painting of the Cincinnati Inquirer, and
you can almost read the type. It's a beautiful painting.
But I really have a much more broadrange interest in art than that. We have
Mary Cassatt upstairs, and we also-I
think if I had to pick a favorite artist, it
would be El Greco. My daughter and I
had a long discussion last night on Spanish
artists, and I had to explain to her about
El Greco. She's going to the art museums
today to look at Spanish art, and we had a
discussion there. But I like the Impressionists, I guess, as a group most of all,
both American and French Impressionists-have several of those in the White
House.
We can borrow paintings from the National Art Gallery, and some of them are
purchased. As a matter of fact, this particular painting was purchased for the
1 White House correction.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 16
White House recently, and it is owned by
the White House. Armand Hammer
bought the painting and gave it to the
White House-it had been previously on
loan-and that's why the particular
painting got publicity. I like the painting;
I like Harnett's work. But I think if I had
to say a category of painting, I would
prefer Impressionist more than this.
Q. Just probably one more. You mentioned El Greco. Could you tell me why?
THE PRESIDENT. I think he's the most
extraordinary painter that ever came
along back in, I think, the 14th century,
maybe the 15th century. His paintings
now have an atmosphere of both mysticism and modernism, in that he distorted
the tones of the painting, the configuration of the human body, the interrelationship between the landscapes and humans
in a way to emphasize the points he
wanted to make about the character of a
person or the character of the scene that
he was painting.
I just think he was maybe three or four
centuries ahead of his time. And his paintings are still a remarkable beauty to me,
including the ones of landscapes like
Toledo or the ones about Christ and the
religious connotations and the portraits
that he did of people who lived in that
time. It's just that he's just a special
favorite.
SHAH OF IRAN
Q. Mr. President, Marvin Stone, U.S.
News & World Report.
THE PRESIDENT. Good to see you
again.
Q. Welcome to the 20th century.
[Laughter]
At the news conference the other day
you ducked Helen Thomas' question
when she gave you the opportunity to express, publicly, regret, remorse over the
Shah. You may want to duck this; I don't
know what the situation is today. Have
the Iranians made it a condition that you
express some public remorse on behalf of
the Nation for the Shah's record? If they
were to do that, would you express national remorse, regrets?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't think it would
be appropriate for me now to start singling out particular things that are under
discussion, literally, on a day-and-night
basis right now. I will not do anything to
violate the principles of our country. I'll
not do anything to violate our obligations
to Iran. We obviously regret any misunderstandings that have existed in the past
or will exist in the future between ourselves and Iran or any other country. I
don't think it's good at this sensitive moment to resurrect an analysis of the last 35
years of Iran's history.
We have a desire to see a united Iran,
with a government of their own choicewhich they've now established-with a
secure Iran, an Iran at peace. And we
look forward to a time in the future to
have normal relationships with Iran. But
to single out any particular aspect of the
past history, either a few decades or a few
days, I think, right now would not be appropriate for me.
AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN
Q. Are you any more optimistic today
than you were on Wednesday about release of the hostages? Has there been anything in the last 48 hours
THE PRESIDENT. I'm more optimistic
now than I was a few weeks ago, but it
would be hard for me to compare it with
2 days ago. We have been encouraged by
recent events, but I cannot predict what
will happen in the near future.
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Feb. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
REGISTRATION OF WOMEN FOR THE DRAFT
Q. Lenore Hershey, Ladies' Home
Journal. A few minutes ago when you
were talking about registration, you referred to men. Do you expect to have
trouble with the registration of women?
THE PRESIDENT. I hope not. I have
present authority to register young men,
without further congressional act, between
18 and 26 years old. So, I don't need
legislation for that. I just need funding for
the program. I have asked the Congress to
make some technical changes in the registration law on the one hand and also to
make a change in the law that would permit us to register women and to authorize
women not to be drafted for combat duty
in the future.
It would require a separate congressional act before I could draft either men
or women, and I'm not asking for that
authority now. But I am asking for the
additional authority to register women,
along with men.
Q. You don't expect trouble?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I expect trouble
on that, but I think that the Congress,
when it assesses the arguments pro and
con, might very well approve the registration of women. I see no reason not to
register women.
CHICAGO MAYOR JANE BYRNE; FEDERAL
GRANT PROGRAMS
Q. Mr. President, Allen Kelson, Chicago Magazine. A few days ago in Chicago, Chip Carter told a group that to
vote for Jimmy Carter is to vote for jobs.
Until recently, Chicago was-[laughter]Chicago was a prime recipient of UDAG
[Urban Development Action Grant]
funds. And when Mayor Byrne endorsed
Senator Kennedy, the UDAG funds
seemed to dry up. Does this augur a
change in your relationship toward Mayor
Byrne's administration?
THE PRESIDENT. My relationship with
Mayor Byrne's administration is not good,
as you probably know, I think through no
fault of our own. I have pledged to the
people of Chicago, and would like to repeat the pledge, that that will not interrupt or curtail at all the allocation of
Federal funds and the support of Federal
programs to meet the needs of Chicago.
We may use other official routes by which
to announce Federal program grants or
to implement Federal program grants. If
there's a choice, under the law, between
working with county or city officials, we
may very well go with the county. But
we've continued to work, I might say,
with the city administration on many
items, because this is a daily requirement
that's so complex. And there's such a
multitude of programs, that we are still
working with Mayor Byrne's administration on many of the Federal programs
that are involved-transportation, housing, education, and so forth.
I would like to say that in jobs we have
made good progress. We have had an
annual growth in employment of 3 /2percent per year, which is an unprecedented
achievement, and we've added a net increase of about 9 million new jobs. As I
said the other night at the press conference, compared to other elements of the
job force, minorities have improved their
employment status 50 percent better than
nonminorities.
The new program that we're going to
put into effect, which will work in Chicago as well as other places, with the
administration, city and county, is designed primarily for young people, 15
years old up to maybe 22 years old. It will
be a combination of training and education, on the job and in the high schools,
342
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 16
and employment opportunities in the
private sector, with some early application
of training commitments by the employer, provided that the Federal Government will pay all or part of the salary of
the new employee for a limited period of
time. This will be roughly a $2 billion
program over the next 2 years.
So, we are good on jobs. We are continuing to work with the local officials.
There has been some slight shift, when
appropriate, to working with the county
rather than the city, but we are still working with the city on many items.
Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. I'm sorry that's all
the time we have. Let me say, in closing,
that I'm very grateful for your coming
here. And any question that you may have
had to ask me, I think-you have not yet
met with Dr. Brzezinski and others, have
you? You've met with some others. But I
think that you'll find plenty of opportunity to meet with him. I ordinarily meet
with a group of out-of-town editors after
lunch, but because of a press of some
other things, I had to meet with you
earlier. And I apologize for that. But
you'll have a chance to follow up with
them, and they're just as knowledgeable
as I am.
If you don't mind, I would like to get
a photograph with each one of you as you
leave. And I'll stand over here by the
door, and if you'll come by, we'll shake
hands and get a photograph. If you prefer
not to, you can go out that door, though.
[Laughter]
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The interview began at 11:02 a.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia
Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary.
The transcript of the interview was released
on February 16.
National Brotherhood Week,
February 17-23, 1980
Message of the President. February 16, 1980
Sponsored by the National Conference
of Christians and Jews, National Brotherhood Week has become a traditional appeal to the social conscience of all Americans and a source of strength in our continuing work of building a society rooted
in mutual respect, cooperation and goodwill.
Last year, in my statement on this occasion, I said that brotherhood and sisterhood begin with respect. Such respect
should both inspire and characterize all
our civic and humanitarian activities.
The current slogan for Brotherhood
Week points out that "Every bigot was
once a child without prejudice." Guided
by these fitting words, let us use this
observance to look deep within ourselves.
Let us shed the layers of bigotry and
prejudice we may have acquired and recapture the mutual respect that should be
the cornerstone of our national life. Only
then can we hope to have the kind of
society foreseen by our Founding Fathers.
Only then can we effectively build a world
free of strife and secure for human progress. Let us join in a reaffirmation of our
commitment to the noble principles which
Brotherhood Week evokes.
JIMMY CARTER
Northern Mariana Islands
Commission on Federal Laws
Appointment of Six Members.
February 16, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of six persons as members of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws. They are:
JESUS BORJA, of Saipan, Mariana Islands, the
assistant director of Micronesian Legal Services Corporation;
JAMES A. JOSEPH, Under Secretary of the
Interior. He will serve as Chairman of the
Commission;
AGNES MANGLONA MCPHETRES, of Saipan,
Mariana Islands, a researcher for the Northern Marianas Vocational Advisory Council,
responsible for the identification of employment and training needs in the Northern
Marianas;
EDWARD PANGELINAN, the elected representative to the United States for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. He
was chairman of the Marianas Political
Status Commission, which negotiated the
Covenant to Establish the Commonwealth of
the Northern Mariana Islands in Political
Union with the United States;
PEDRO AGULTO TENORIO, of Saipan, Mariana
Islands, executive director of the Marianas
Public Land Corporation, formerly special
adviser for executive and Federal relations
to the Northern Marianas Commonwealth
Legislature;
MYRON B. THOMPSON, of Honolulu, trustee of
the Kamhemaha Schools/Bishop Estate,
formerly Hawaii State administrative director in the office of the Governor of Hawaii
and director of the Hawaii Department of
Social Services and Housing.
American Legion
Remarks at the Legion's Annual Conference.
February 19, 1980
Thank you very much, Frank, for your
introduction and for your service to our
country, both in your own military career
and now as national commander of the
American Legion. I assigned Frank one
duty this morning, to have my hat ready
when I got here. [Laughter] And he said
it would be ready as I leave. [Laughter]
Well, it is a pleasure to be here with my
fellow Legionnaires and, as Frank said, to
represent American Legion Post No. 2 in
Americus, Georgia, where my father, before me, served as a veteran of World War
I. My father was a first lieutenant, and
I'm sure at the time he never thought
that his son would reach so high a rank
as he himself in Georgia and World War
I.
It's been 35/2 years now since I outlined
to you my national security goals at your
national convention. I'm proud of the success we've had in fulfilling those plans that
you and I shared on that day.
We remain the world's most powerful
force, and the American people and the
Congress are now united with me in keeping the United States second to none in
military strength. I have to tell you that
this degree of common commitment has
not always existed. During the last 12
years, for instance, the Congress has cut
the Presidents' defense budget by more
than $50 billion, an average reduction
below what the Presidents have proposed
of more than $4 billion per year.
Recently this pattern has changed, and
we now have obvious and growing support throughout this country for a strong
national defense. This new unity and this
new determination must be sustained, not
just for a few months, but so long as the
serious challenges confront the United
States of America, we must be united and
determined to have a strong country. I'm
very thankful that most Americans agree
with you and me that in order to ensure
an America at peace, we must and we will
have that strong America.
We're determined also to see the blessings of peace shared with other people
around the world. At Camp David and
during my personal mission to the Mideast, we promoted peace between Egypt
and Israel. In just a few days, a milestone
will be passed in history when full diplo
344
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 19
matic recognition is consummated with
the exchange of Ambassadors between
those two countries that have been at war
four times in the last 30 years. Now work
must continue toward that comprehensive
peace that is so vital to the security of the
United States and to stability in the
Middle East.
After 4 [14] 1 years of negotiation, also,
we concluded the historic Panama Canal
treaties, which will protect American interests, which will stabilize a potentially
volatile situation, which will assure continued responsible operation of the canal,
which will enable us to protect the canal
now and in the far distant future, during
the 2 1st century, and strengthen our influence in a strategic area of the world and
of this hemisphere.
We've also negotiated a sound strategic
arms limitation treaty, SALT II, which
has great advantages for our country. It
will enhance world stability and peace.
SALT II will continue the process of
arms control which was begun by President Eisenhower and which has been continued by every President since his time.
It will help to prevent the proliferation
of nuclear weapons among the other nations on Earth. It will force substantial
reduction in the present numbers of Soviet
missile launchers, and provides no similar
requirement that missile launchers of the
United States be reduced. It will enhance
the ability that we have to monitor the
Soviet nuclear forces. It will prevent an
expensive and a dangerous nuclear arms
race, an arms race that would be counterproductive both for ourselves and for the
Soviet Union, and would require funding,
very high levels of funding, which are
needed to improve the American conventional forces.
' White House correction.
SALT II is not a panacea. It is a supplement and not a substitute for a strong
defense. SALT II is not based on trust,
it can be verified by our own national
technical means. I will consult very closely
with the 'Congress when the time comes
again to move toward ratification of the
treaty.
During these past 3 years, we've joined
with our Atlantic Allies to strengthen
NATO, both its spirit and also its military
capability. There's a new sense of cooperation and resolve and a greater confidence
that we, together, can deter aggression.
Another successful foreign policy initiative has great strategic significance. We
have normalized relations with China
while retaining our trade and friendship
with the people of Taiwan. We now have
a great opportunity to expand this new
relationship to bring mutual advantages
to both countries and to improve the prospects for a stable and a peaceful Asia. This
is the first time I recall in history when
our Nation has been friends with both
Japan and China at the same time.
And as you well know, our Nation's
commitment to democracy, to human
rights, to self-determination, and to economic stability and development has
greatly improved our relations with the
countries of the Third World.
These achievements have all been gratifying to you and to me; yet today we face
new and serious challenges.
At this very moment 53 Americans are
being held hostage in Iran. The long and
continuous efforts to ensure the safe release of our people have now reached a
particularly sensitive and intense stage.
My task is to protect the interests and the
principles of our Nation while we negotiate Ifor the release of the Americans who
are being held as innocent prisoners. I
deeply appreciate the -firmness, patience,
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Feb. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the unity, and the will shown by almost
all Americans during these days of crisis.
I cannot and I will not rest until every
single American is home, safe and free.
Also, at this very moment some 100,000
Soviet troops, heavily armed, seek to subjugate a proud and a once independent
nation, a nation that presented no challenge to Soviet security and wanted only
to retain their freedom. This Soviet invasion of Afghanistan poses a threat to
the independence of countries throughout
Southwest Asia and to the economic lifeblood of many nations-oil. It has altered
the careful balance of forces in a vital and
a volatile area of the world.
That's why I did not hesitate to answer
Soviet aggression with strong economic
sanctions, including restrictions on grain
shipments and sales of high technology to
the Soviet Union. That's why we joined
with more than a hundred other nations
in the United Nations to condemn this
aggression and to demand withdrawal of
the Soviet invasion forces from Afghanistan.
And that is why I have given notice that
the United States will not attend the
Moscow Olympics unless the Soviet invasion forces are withdrawn from Afghanistan before February 20. That deadline
is tomorrow, and it will not be changed.
And finally, I've served clear notice, in
my State of the Union message, and I
would like to quote the words: "An attempt by any outside force to gain control
of the Persian Gulf region will be regarded
as an assault on the vital interests of the
United States of America, and such an
assault will be repelled by any means necessary, including military force."
And as I also stated clearly to the Congress, while protecting the constitutional
rights of Americans and avoiding the
abuses of the past, we must remove all
impediments to an effective intelligence
capability for our Nation.
At this time I am strengthening our
own military presence in the Persian Gulf
region, and we are encouraging other
nations to form a cooperative security
framework, which can enhance their independence and help to preserve regional
peace.
To underscore our resolve and our
readiness, I've stepped up our overall defense effort and proposed registration for
draft-age Americans. I've made it clear
that there is no need at this time to reimpose the draft, but registration is a necessary precaution which will expedite
mobilization if it should be required inl
the future.
Within our own country, opposing
voices have been raised against these necessary actions-against the grain embargo,
against the Olympic boycott, against
registration for the draft, against full
funding of the defense budget which I've
proposed to the Congress. In this developing debate concerning our national security, I need the support of freedom-loving
Americans everywhere, and I am sure
that I can count on my fellow Legionnaires for your support.
It's important that everyone understand that every action I have taken is
peaceful and is designed to preserve peace.
Because we seek peace, we have pursued
and will pursue every opportunity to ease
tensions. Because we seek peace, we have
been cautious and restrained. Because we
seek peace, we must leave no room for
doubt among our allies and no room for
miscalculation among our potential
adversaries.
It is obvious that the Soviet leaders
did miscalculate in Afghanistan. They
underestimated the courage and the
tenacity of freedom fighters in that coun
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 19
try, and they did not anticipate the
world's quick and forceful response to
their aggression. They are now paying a
high price-in the number of casualties
in Afghanistan, in our own actions, in
the actions of our allies, and the condemnation of virtually the entire Muslim
and Third World community in the
United Nations and in their individual
and collective statements and actions.
There is no way for you or me to know
the future plans of the Soviet leaders. We
cannot be certain if or when they will
withdraw their forces, if they seek colonial domination only in Afghanistan, or
if they seek other conquests as well. No
President of the United States can afford
to gamble our peace and security upon
wishful thinking about the present or the
future intentions of the Soviet Union.
But we do know that our intentions
must be crystal clear. We will stand firm
against aggression, and we will not accept
business as usual with the Soviet Union
while the invasion continues. Our firmness is not a prelude to combat, nor is it
a return to the cold war. It is simply
prudence-to reduce the chances for a
misjudgment that could be fatal to peace.
It's a reaffirmation of a longstanding
commitment and a sustained response to
a strategic challenge.
Our measured reaction to this aggression fortunately comes at a time when our
military strength is unequaled and growing, in keeping with the commitment that
I made to you in 1976.
A dangerous decline in defense spending has been reversed. From 1969 to 1976,
real defense outlays, that is constant
dollars spent, declined every year. In constant dollars, defense spending dropped by
one-third in those 8 years before I became
President. President Ford began to reverse this pattern, but only since 1977
have outlays for defense been increased
every year. Our 5-year defense program
through 1985 will continue this trend.
I would like to reemphasize that from
the very start, my administration, in cooperation with the Congress, has been engaged in a substantial and carefully
planned strengthening of our military
forces. In December of last year-well before the Soviet invasion-the Secretary of
Defense presented to the Congress the
broad outlines of my plans for defense
spending, not only in 1981 but for the
next 5 years. And last month I submitted
officially the strong budget proposal itself.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has
made everyone more aware of the importance of a strong defense capability.
But since the process of strengthening our
military forces has been underway for
several years, the recent developments in
Southwest Asia do not now require any
major redesign of next year's defense
budget; of course, we will continue to
review our requirements and make any
necessary adjustments to meet changing
circumstances.
I consider the increase in the defense
budget for fiscal year 1981 to be necessary
to assure our national security. It's a carefully measured amount, and it in no way
signals a new or transient "boom" in defense spending. It's estimated, quite accurately, that the Soviet Union spends 13
percent of their gross national income or
gross national product on defense. The
percentage of our own gross national
product represented by defense expenditures for 1981 is about 5 percent. And that
share will hardly vary at all if the present
projections of our defense expenditures
are carried out in 1982, '83, '84, and '85 -about 5 percent of our GNP. The impact
of this additional expenditure on the inflation rate will be negligible.
347
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Feb. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
These expenditures for defense are
clearly within the capability of our
American economy, and moreover, we are
spending our money well. We're strengthening our strategic triad that deters the
Soviet nuclear threat.
I accelerated development of cruise
missiles, which begin production this year.
Because of their small size and the large
numbers, cruise missiles will be far more
effective than the B-1 bomber for penetrating Soviet air defenses now or those
they can project in the future. We've initiated a new MX missile system and
finally resolved schedule and contract
problems that had stalled the Trident submarine program for so long. The first
Trident was launched last year, and six
more are under construction.
Because we have emphasized a stronger
NATO, which had languished, as you
know, during the Vietnam war, we now
have commitments from our NATO partners for an annual 3-percent real growth
in their own defense budgets. We've
begun joint development of new weapons.
We've enhanced our ability for rapid deployment of ground and air forces in
Europe in a crisis and have spurred modernization of NATO theater nuclear weapons to meet a threatening buildup of
formidable Soviet nuclear missiles in that
region of the world. Our NATO Allies
keep about 3 million troops on active
duty; added to our 2 million, we can and
we will maintain a powerful and effective
force for the defense of Western Europe.
You can depend on that, because it is
vital to our own Nation's defense.
I've also emphasized, since I've been in
office, the general modernizing of the conventional forces of our country, to respond
to military threats not only in Europe but
in other vital areas of the world. We are
re-equipping our ground forces. We've already expanded the number of tanks and
infantry battalions. We are modernizing
our Navy with an additional aircraft carrier, new guided missile ships, Harpoon
cruise missiles, and new and more modem
and effective attack submarines. We have
now underway the first full-scale modernization of tactical air forces since the
1960's.
We are capable today of responding to
a threat to peace in almost any part of the
world. Our naval task force now in the
Persian Gulf region testifies to our mobility and our strength. And we are building
a rapid deployment force which can carry
stronger defense forces, much stronger
defense forces, to any vital area. To
achieve that goal, we've already begun
development of a new fleet of large transport planes and a force of maritime prepositioning ships with enough supplies
and heavy equipment for three Marine
brigades.
The sum of all these defense efforts is
a clear message: We have not abdicated,
and we will not abdicate the responsibility
of the United States to help maintain a
peaceful world. Our commitment to
world peace is twofold: We and our allies
must be able to meet any military challenge, and we must be strong and principled as we seek to resolve disputes and
to reduce tensions.
Preventing nuclear war is a preeminent
task, to repeat what I said earlier. That
is why the last three U.S. Presidents have
negotiated the strategic arms limitation
treaties, and I will not abandon this effort
to control nuclear weapons. In fact, the
immediate crisis underscores the importance of mutual constraint on nuclear
weapons. Because it serves our security
interests, I remain committed to the
ratification of the SALT II treaty.
Last month I said in my State of the
Union address that we must face the
world as it is. We must be honest with
ourselves, and we must be honest with
348
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 19
others. That's why, 3 years ago, I determined to reverse the declining effectiveness of the military forces. And that's why
I've worked so hard to fight inflation as
we develop a national energy policy. We
are dangerously dependent on imported
oil, and there is no cheap way out. Let me
quote from the American Legion's own
energy policy statement: "Our national
security, as well as our economic security,
cannot exist without energy independence."
I thank you again for your hard work
and your effective efforts to face facts and
to help build a secure future for our country. We cannot spend or regulate our way
out of every national problem, nor can we
abolish inflation by decree; that's the
truth. Above all, whether it is registration
of young people, increased military
strength for ourselves and our allies, or
increased energy conservation and production, we cannot have peace and security without a willingness to sacrifice; that
is the most important truth of all.
With your help and with the support
of the American people, I propose to carry
on the struggle for a strong nation, for a
just society, and for a peaceful world.
Harry Truman, a member of the American Legion, once wrote: "It is not our
nature to shirk obligations. We have a
heritage that constitutes the greatest resource of this Nation. I call it the spirit
and the character of the American people." Today I call again on that heritage,
that spirit, and that character, represented
so well by you Legionnaires and by others
who have always been willing to defend
our Nation and to preserve our freedom.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in
the Presidential Ballroom at the Capital Hilton
Hotel. He was introduced by Frank I. Hamilton, national commander of the American
Legion.
Small Business Week, 1980
Proclamation 4723. February 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Small business has long played a vital
role in our Nation's economy and way of
life. This past January, I was honored to
participate in the first White House Conference on Small Business. I had the opportunity to hear firsthand, the ideas,
problems and aspirations of men and
women from the small business community. As a former small businessman, I was
impressed with their energy, determination, and above all, their hope for the future of our country.
The small business community constitutes the single most important segment
of our free enterprise system. It accounts
for forty-eight percent of our gross national product, more than half of the
American labor force, and continues to be
the major source of inventions and new
jobs. Small business is truly the backbone
of the American economy. I urge my fellow citizens to learn more about its role
and importance in our society.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim the week beginning
May 11, 1980, as Small Business Week,
and I urgently call on every American to
join me in this very special tribute.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
February in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:16 a.m., February 19, 1980]
349
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Feb. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Iwo Jima Commemoration Day
Proclamation 4724. February 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Thirty-five years ago Americans were
pitted in battle on a small, barren island
called Iwo Jima. The standard of courage established by the men of the V
Marine Amphibious Corps in that battle
is unsurpassed.
Because we now enjoy the blessings of
the freedom for which those men sacrificed so much, it is appropriate for us to
reflect upon the high price of that freedom. For 35 days, men of the 3rd, 4th and
5th Marine Divisions fought to secure the
strategic island of Iwo Jima. The cost of
the eventual American victory was the
highest in Marine Corps history: 5,931
dead and 17,272 wounded. Of the over
20,000 Japanese defenders on Iwo Jima,
only 1,083 survived. But the victors and
the vanquished alike shared uncommon
valor as a common virtue.
The Congress has by Joint Resolution
(H.J. Res. 469) designated February 19,
1980 as Iwo Jima Commemoration Day.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate Tuesday, February 19, 1980 as Iwo Jima Commemoration Day. I call on all Americans to join
on this occasion in honoring those Americans who served on Iwo Jima. I call on
State and local officials and private organizations to observe this day with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independ
ence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
8:45 a.m., February 20, 1980]
Honoring the Memory of Walt
Disney
Proclamation 4725. February 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
In the world of entertainment no name
is more widely known than that of Walt
Disney. For nearly fifty years, his creations brought us laughter and love, joy
and gladness. The products of his imagination will enthrall and delight many
more generations of children of all ages
in every country on earth.
The House of Representatives, by a
joint resolution of February 13, 1980, has
requested the President to issue a proclamation honoring the memory of Walt
Disney for his contribution to the American dream.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby call upon the people of this
Nation to recall the accomplishments of
Walt Disney and to honor his memory on
February 19, 1980.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
February in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:41 a.m., February 20, 1980]
350
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 19
Council on Environmental
Quality
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. February 19, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am pleased to transmit to the Congress
the Tenth Annual Environmental Quality
Report of the Council on Environmental
Quality. This report reflects the solid
achievement of a decade of intensive effort
by the American people and their government to improve the quality of the
environment.
Of all the social, political, and economic
changes of the past decade, perhaps none
is more important to the future of our
planet and the survival of our children
than the change that has taken place in
the way we look at our world and its resources. In the past 10 years, we have
come to understand that our own wellbeing and the health, the safety-indeed
the existence-of future generations depend on how we treat our world today.
We know now that our planet is both
fragile and finite, and that the decisions
we make today will spell the difference
between a polluted, unproductive and
eventually uninhabitable world and a
world that can sustain itself and the creatures that live on it indefinitely.
This change in our collective consciousness was not only remarkably swift, but
also remarkably broad. People around the
world simultaneously began to realize the
dangers of pollution and the hazards of
abusing and depleting the earth's resources and to demand effective action to
protect the environment.
In the United States, a decade of environmental progress began with the
signing on January 1, 1970 of the National
Environmental Policy Act-the Nation's
charter for protecting and improving the
environment. The first Earth Day, in April
1970, showed unmistakably the Nation's
new environmental awareness. Millions
of people across the country participated
in teach-ins, clean-ups, and many other
actions to demonstrate their environmental concern and to gain a greater appreciation of ecology. The active citizen
involvement in environmental affairs
spurred by Earth Day has been the major
force behind the accomplishments of the
past 10 years. Public support for an improved, healthy environment remains
strong as we enter the 1980s.
The environmental record of the Congress and the Executive Branch during
these 10 years has been exceptional. Congress has passed more than two dozen
pieces of landmark legislation designed to
preserve or enhance environmental quality-an unprecedented record of accomplishment in just one decade. Several of
these laws were measures I proposed and
strongly supported. I have personally had
the pleasure of signing into law the 1977
amendments to the Clean Air Act and the
Clean Water Act, the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, the
1977 Mine Safety and Health Act, the
1977 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, the
1978 National Energy Act, with its many
features emphasizing energy conservation,
the 1978 Environmental Pesticide Control
Act, the 1978 Quiet Communities Act, the
1978 National Parks and Recreation Act,
and the reauthorization of such essential
laws as the Endangered Species Act. I
have also had the satisfaction of issuing
two broad Environmental Messages
which initiated more than 100 legislative
proposals, Executive Orders and directives, and policy reforms.
The Administration and the Congress
have not yet accomplished all of the
environmental goals that I have set, but
we have done a great deal in three years
351
Feb. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and will continue our efforts. The actions
my Administration has taken to protect
the environment here and abroad, and
the successes we have had, are among the
most gratifying achievements of my
Presidency.
The sustained environmental improvement effort of the past 10 years has made
significant inroads on the problems identified at the start of the decade. Most
major industrial facilities have met initial
air and water pollution control requirements. Automobiles are now equipped
with pollution control devices. The environmental achievements of state and
local governments and of many other nations and international organizations are
impressive.
The fact that our Nation has accomplished much in so short a time does not
mean that we can relax our vigilance.
Many serious environmental problems remain unsolved. One of the most troublesome examples during the past year was
the seepage of toxic chemicals from an
abandoned waste dump at Love Canal in
Niagara Falls, New York, creating a public health problem of major proportions.
Incidents like Love Canal make painfully
clear the continued need for environmental protection programs. The past year
has also reminded us again of the environmental dangers of complicated technologies that we do not fully understand or
control, and of the need to manage the
earth's finite resources, such as energy and
food, in better ways. In the years ahead,
solving environmental problems does not
promise to become easier.
We are, however, better equipped to
deal with the problems of the future than
we were in 1970. This February marks the
tenth anniversary of the Council on Environmental Quality, which was placed
in the President's own office to analyze
and coordinate federal environmental
policy and advise the President on environmental matters. Unlike a decade ago,
we now have strong institutions like the
Environmental Protection Agency and
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration to carry out environmental
protection activities and to develop and
implement sound policies. In addition,
established government agencies like the
Departments of the Interior and Agriculture and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers have significantly redirected their
missions. We are continually upgrading
our environmental research and information activities to improve our current
efforts and to meet future problems. In
sum, the basic institutions for improving
the quality of our environment are now
firmly in place.
The past decade has been a remarkable
beginning. I look forward to cooperating
with the Congress and with all nations in
our efforts to make this earth a better place
to live. Let us move confidently into a
second decade of environmental progress.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 19, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Environmental
Quality-1979: The Tenth Annual Report of
the Council on Environmental Quality"
(Government Printing Office, 816 pages).
Visit of President Daniel T. arap
Moi of Kenya
Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony.
February 20, 1980
PRESIDENT CARTER. This morning we are
particularly pleased to have President Moi
of Kenya come to visit our country. He's
the first President of that great nation to
be an official guest of the United States,
although President Moi has been here in
352
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 20
the past before he assumed his present
position of national leadership.
He and I have gotten to be good
friends through our frequent communications with one another as we met the increasing challenges and dangers of people
who are determined to live in freedom.
We share moral values, we share religious
faith, and we share political values as
well, not only on a personal basis but
among the people of our two countries.
We've been particularly grateful to see
the leadership shown by President Moi
and the people of Kenya, along with the
nonaligned countries throughout the
world, in condemning the brutal invasion
by the Soviet Union of Afghanistan, and
the staunch demand by others, led by
President Moi, that these invasion forces
be withdrawn from Afghanistan.
President Moi and the people of his
country led the entire continent of Africa,
on their own initiative, in announcing that
the athletes of Kenya will not attend the
Olympics in Moscow this summer because their invasion forces occupy a freedom-loving country. This is particularly
significant, not only because of the leadership shown by President Moi but because
of the superb competence of the athletes
of Kenya, world renowned for their
prowess in past Olympic games.
We are also particularly grateful as a
nation to the people of his country and to
President Moi for their unswerving support for us in the trying times since the
innocent American diplomats were captured by militants in Iran and held
hostage. President Moi has used his influence on a political basis to intercede
for those hostages held captive and has
also led other deeply religious nations, on
his own initiative, in calling for a day of
prayer and personally led a prayer meeting in his country for the safety and wellbeing and the freedom of the American
hostages. This is particularly important
to us, and I want to thank him from the
bottom of my heart, as the leader of our
Nation, for this initiative on his part.
We value, as do the people of Kenya,
the worth of one individual human being, and we also value, as do the people
of Kenya, the freedom of each individual
human being.
We share a political process. It has been
extremely significant in Africa and
throughout the world to see the democratic processes performed so well in
Kenya during this past year, when in open
and free elections President Moi received
an overwhelming mandate from his people to assume the position of President
for a 5-year term. This will inspire others
down the path of self-determination and
democracy, and it is certainly an inspiration for. the people of our own country,
who believe so deeply in the same political
concept and policies and processes. To
see democracy in action in his region is
a significant act indeed.
I'd like to say, in closing, that we have
long admired the inspired and benevolent
leadership of the late President Kenyatta.
And as the people of Kenya and the world
well know, President Moi is filling those
shoes of a great leader in an inspired and
benevolent and effective way.
We depend upon Kenya and its leadership to help preserve peace and stability in
east Africa and in the western part of the
Indian Ocean.
I'm indeed grateful that President Moi
has come to meet with me, to make an
official visit to the people of our country.
And it is extremely reassuring to us to
have a strong partnership at the official
leadership level and among the people of
the United States of America and the
great nation of Kenya.
President Moi, we welcome you to our
country.
353
Feb. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
PRESIDENT Moi. Mr. President, Mrs.
Carter, members of the United States of
America Cabinet, distinguished guests,
ladies and gentlemen:
For me and my people of Kenya, this
occasion marks an important stage in increasing understanding and cooperation
between our two governments and our
people. I feel greatly honored as I stand
here to receive, on behalf of the people of
Kenya, the greatest honor that your country can bestow on another nation through
its head of state.
Our feelings of friendship and respect
are based on many factors, including
identity of views in many fields. My country, Kenya, shares with you the commitment you have for constitutional and
democratic form of government. But
above all, we share a common reverence
for individual freedoms and human rights.
You, Mr. President, have distinguished
yourself in Africa and in the whole world
today by your staunch support for human
rights. We admire and respect you for this
unyielding support for human rights. We
also admire and respect your great forbearance and courage at times when it is
so easy to panic.
Our nation, like yours, is guided by
well-founded ideals and principles, and
we know that amongst other factors which
have made the United States a great nation in the community of nations is the
great moral commitment to justice, equality, and freedom of expression. At a time
when the world is faced by diversity of
serious problems, many people in the
world will continue to look up to this great
Nation to provide leadership in the ideals
of democracy and respect for territorial
integrity.
We in Kenya made our decision, not
guided by anybody; but we felt it was just,
fair, and right that human dignity must
be preserved. Those people living in Af
ghanistan have the same rights, like any
other, to live and lead a peaceful life.
So, we did it because of the conditions
created by the Soviet Union. We've made
it impossible for Kenyans to participate in
the Olympic games. And I assure you,
Kenya would have secured medals-gold
medals, silver medals. There are others
who may speak, but may have no prospects for medals.
I also know that the Nation is capable
of continuing to provide leadership, not
only in technological fields but also in the
basic task of making the life of humanity
throughout the world better, through
elimination of mass poverty and all its
degrading consequences. In this connection we are heartened, Mr. President, by
your decision to establish the Presidential
Commission on World Hunger. But this
is but one indication of the determined
effort by you and the United States to
provide leadership in working for the
welfare of all peoples, in the comprehensive sense of that term.
Once again, Mr. President, I thank
you for this warm reception, and I look
forward to fruitful discussions with you
and the members of your Government
during my short stay in this beautiful and
important nation.
Thank you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 10:08 a.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House.
Visit of President Moi of Kenya
White House Statement. February 20, 1980
President Carter met this morning for
an hour and 15 minutes in the Cabinet
Room with President Daniel arap Moi of
the Republic of Kenya. President Moi is
in Washington on a 4-day state visit at the
invitation of President Carter. In addi
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 20
tion to their meeting this morning, the
two leaders will meet again tonight at a
state dinner in the White House.
The two Presidents reviewed the very
close relations which exist between the
United States and the Republic of Kenya.
They discussed developments in east
Africa and the importance of regional cooperation and understanding in that area.
They also reviewed developments in
southern Africa and agreed upon the importance of free elections and a peaceful
settlement in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia.
The two Presidents discussed the Soviet
Union's invasion of Afghanistan and
agreed on concerted action in not participating in the Olympic games in Moscow.
They also discussed a range of issues concerning regional stability in the Persian
Gulf and Indian Ocean areas, including
the measures required to ensure mutual
security in that region.
The two Presidents also discussed specific problems in the Middle East, during
which President Carter expressed his
gratitude for Kenya's support and President Moi's personal interest in efforts to
secure the release of our diplomats being
held hostage in Tehran.
Bilateral issues were also reviewed, including U.S. assistance programs in
Kenya.
Attending the meeting with the two
Presidents were the following:
U.S. Side
Warren Christopher, Acting Secretary
of State
Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs
Ambassador Wilbert LeMelle, U.S.
Ambassador to Kenya
William Harrop, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
Gordon Beyer, Director, East African
Affairs, Department of State
Gerald Funk, NSC staff member
Kenyan Side
Charles Njonjo, Attorney General
Robert J. Ouko, Minister for Foreign
Affairs
Godfrey G. Kariuki, Minister of State,
Office of the President
Nicholas K. Biwott, Minister of State,
Office of the President
Zacharia T. Onyonka, Minister for Economic Planning and Development
Jeremiah G. Kiereini, Permanent Secretary, Office of the President
Ambassador John P. Mbogua, Kenyan
Ambassador to the United States
Philip Ndegwa, Economic Adviser,
Office of the President
Simon Nyachae, Permanent Secretary,
Office of the President
Budget Rescission and Deferrals
Message to the Congress. February 20, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report
one revision to a previously transmitted
rescission proposal decreasing the amount
proposed by $6.4 million. In addition, I
am reporting two new deferrals of budget
authority totalling $20.0 million and two
revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by
$13.9 million.
The revision to the rescission proposal
affects the Health Resources Administration of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
The new deferrals and revisions to existing deferrals involve programs in the Departments of Agriculture, Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Treasury.
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Feb. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The details of the revised rescission proposal and the deferrals are contained in
the attached reports.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 20, 1980.
NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission
and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of February 26, 1980.
United Nations Commission of
Inquiry on Iran
White House Statement on the Establishment
of the Commission. February 20, 1980
Secretary-General Waldheim has announced the establishment of a commission of inquiry to go to Iran to hear Iran's
grievances and to allow an early solution
of the crisis between Iran and the United
States. He has stated that the commission
will speak with each of our people.
Both the United States and Iran have
concurred in the establishment of the
commission, as proposed by the SecretaryGeneral, in mutually acceptable, official
responses to him.
In concurring, the United States has
taken note of the Secretary-General's
statement that the commission will undertake a factfinding mission. It will not be
a tribunal. The United States understands
that the commission will hear the grievances of both sides and will report to the
Secretary-General.
The American people are deeply aggrieved that Iran, after guaranteeing the
protection of our people, has taken them
hostage and held them in intolerable conditions for 108 days. The United States
has no desire to interfere in the internal
affairs of Iran, but it does insist on the
prompt return of the 53 Americans now
illegally held in Tehran.
The United States has also made clear
its position that the meeting of the commission with our people must be consistent
with international law and that the hostages must, under no circumstances, be
subjected to interrogation. It is vital, however, for the commission to determine that
they are all present and to assess their
condition.
We hope that the commission will, as
the Secretary-General has said, achieve
an early resolution of the crisis between
our two countries, which requires the
release of the hostages.
1980 Summer Olympics
White House Statement on U.S. Withdrawal
From the Games To Be Held in Moscow.
February 20, 1980
On January 20, the President wrote to
President Kane of the United States
Olympic Committee to urge the committee to propose to the International Olympic Committee that the 1980 summer
games in Moscow be transferred, postponed, or cancelled if Soviet forces were
not fully withdrawn from Afghanistan
within a month. The President also urged
that if these proposals were not adopted,
the United States Committee should not
send a team to the Moscow games. This
position has been overwhelmingly supported by the United States Congress and
the American people.
On February 12, the International
Olympic Committee announced it would
adhere to its plans to conduct the games
in Moscow. On February 14, President
Kane of the United States Olympic Committee issued a statement saying the
United States Olympic Committee would,
of course, accept any decision the Presi
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 20
dent makes as to whether a team should
be sent to Moscow.
A month has now expired, and Soviet
forces have not even begun to withdraw
from Afghanistan. The President has
therefore advised the United States Olympic Committee that his decision remains
unchanged and that we should not send
a team to Moscow. The President thanked
the committee for its earnest and patriotic
efforts to present the case for transferring,
postponing, or cancelling the games and
asked it to take prompt action to formalize
its acceptance of his decision.
The United States Olympic Committee depends for its funds on the generosity
of American citizens and American business. Even though no United States team
is sent to Moscow, the committee carries
on many other important and worthwhile
activities to support athletic excellence in
this country. The President urges all
American citizens to continue their financial and moral support of the committee.
Nobel Laureate Andrei Sakharov
White House Statement on the Internal Exile
of Dr. and Mrs. Sakharov by the Soviet Union.
February 20, 1980
The maltreatment of Dr. Andrei
Sakharov and his wife in Gorky is deplorable. It is not enough, it seems, to have
subjected this valiant couple to internal
exile for their principles and their courageous stand for human rights and dignity
in the Soviet Union. Now they are subjected to physical indignity and harm.
Resolutions have been passed by the
United States House of Representatives
and the Senate urging the Soviet Union
to release Dr. Sakharov from internal
exile. The United States urges others at
home and abroad to join in seeking to
persuade the Soviet Union to allow Dr.
Sakharov to pursue his intellectual and
professional work in accord with the guarantees of the Soviet Constitution and the
Helsinki Final Act.
Visit of President Moi of Kenya
Toasts at the State Dinner.
February 20, 1980
PRESIDENT CARTER. More than 2 million
years ago in northern Tanzania and in
southern Kenya, the first human beings
stood erect and derived from that change
a new freedom to use their bodies more
effectively, to use their hands for constructive work, and began to develop a
brain, which made freedom enjoyable for
them. In the same country 2,000 years
ago, long before our country was discovered by Columbus, the civilization had
grown to such a point that the coastal
region of eastern Africa was enjoying a
thriving international trade, centered in
a large part around the country which is
now Kenya.
Sixteen years ago the people of Kenya,
after a long struggle and even the imprisonment of their political leaders, became
free and independent, and a republic was
founded. Many people didn't believe it
could survive and thrive and grow and
that it could not stand the test, in the continent of Africa, of freedom and democratic elections and the honoring of
human rights and the preservation of
the individuality of the citizens of that
country.
Mzee Jomo Kenyatta became an honored leader, not only of Kenya but admired throughout the world-a man of
spirit and determination, a man of great
courage, a man of great force of his personality, who brought together a dispar
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Feb. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ate group of people and a common goal
of preserving those human freedoms that
are so precious to the people of that great
country. Not only did he bring new life,
new hope, new achievements, new leadership to the people of his own country
but provided a spirit of hope and anticipation, confidence, and a dream of independence and freedom to many other
people in Africa and, indeed, around the
world, who had suffered under the burdens of colonialism for generations and
even centuries.
The beauty of Kenya is astonishing to
those who've been there. I stood beside
President Moi tonight and had several
people come through who are citizens of
our Nation who have been to Kenya. And
a frequent response to him was, "You
have the most beautiful country on
Earth." Because I'm the host, I didn't
question that analysis-[laughter]-and
since it came from Americans, I didn't
want to question them either. [Laughter]
But I think that those who have been
there and those who've studied about
Kenya, as I have-the last few days, in
particular-know that it has been blessed
by God with enormous and very beautiful natural resources, a highly diverse climate, beautiful mountains, lovely plains,
access to the sea, and a strategic position
in the eastern part of Africa.
Through hard work, through the
honoring of human rights in its broadest
definition, Kenya has not only enjoyed
political growth but also great economic
achievement and again has set an example
for others to emulate.
Sixteen months ago came the death of
Kenya's first President, and the world
waited with bated breath to observe the
test of democracy, under a relatively new
constitution, and a testing of ancient
customs, and the free balloting and expressions of their own will, of a free peo
ple. And the country stood the test, and
a new President was chosen. And he has
honored us here tonight by being our
guest.
This is the first time that our Nation has
enjoyed the presence of a President of
Kenya, but we have enjoyed friendship,
communication, a shared purpose, common goals, common ideals, ever since
Kenya became a republic and a free nation. This test of democracy was passed
with flying colors. And our guest tonight,
after having been chosen to lead his country in the first and highest position, consolidated his strength there by constant
travels throughout his great land.
The eastern coast of Africa is a turbulent part of the world, but there is a
rock, an anchor, a bastion of freedom and
stability, which is very beneficial to
Kenya's neighbors as well as to its own
people. Because of his diplomatic relationships with the leaders of other countries of Africa, Kenya continues to show
the beneficent influence that it can exert
on those who admire the achievements in
that great land.
As a famous runner myself-[laughter]-when the land is flat-[laughter]I've always admired the wonderful
achievements of Kenya's world-famous
and world recordholders in the middle
and long distances. Our President comes
from the same part of the nation where
a world recordholder lives now. He holds
four world records, as a matter of fact.
And they run up and downhill with no
apparent difficulty at all. [Laughter] And
because of that, the recent actions of our
guest were very significant.
Kenya announced on their own initiative, after consideration of the principles
on which their nation was formed, that
they would not attend the Summer Olympics in Moscow, because the Soviets had
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 20
invaded Afghanistan and taken away the
freedom of the people of that country.
This action of leadership was typical
of the principles that have permeated the
life of our guest this evening. When he
had lunch today with Secretary Warren
Christopher, he said, "When any person
is deprived of freedom, I am deprived of
freedom." We admire leaders like this,
and we honor them when they come to
our country, and we cherish their friendship with us.
I would like to say, in closing, that it's
reassuring to a great nation like our own
to realize how much we have in common
with the great nation of Kenya: a relatively short history of freedom since we
escaped from colonial domination ourselves; a searching for human values
which do not change in a rapidly changing turbulent world; the honoring of the
rights of different kinds of people to live
their own individual lives; to search for
the ultimate in human achievement; to
try to set an example for others when our
beliefs are true; and the searching out of
friends-not only neighbors but neighbors
in spirit, who might live in far distant
places. We are distant geographically one
from another, but we're close because we
share so much.
I would like to ask all our guests to join
me in a toast: To the brave and free
people of Kenya and to their leader, President Moi.
PRESIDENT MOI. Mr. President, I find
it difficult to make a speech, because
everybody is ready for dinner. [Laughter]
Maybe it is better to start with a short
speech and therefore relax.
Mr. President, I thank you very sincerely indeed for your warm welcome
and kind words about myself and my
country. In our African traditions, sharing meals together is a very important
element in expression of generosity and
friendship. This dinner, Mr. President,
has, therefore, great significance for us. I
bring to you, Mr. President, and, through
you, to all the citizens of the United States
warm greetings from the people of Kenya.
I'm sure that I do not have to say that
Kenyans know something about the
United States and its people. Through
many programs and cooperation, including trade, technical assistance, other forms
of government-to-government programs,
cultural contacts, and sports, Kenyans
now do know a fair amount about this
Nation and its people. Moreover, our interest in you is positive and steadily growing, especially because we share many objectives and values including democratic
and constitutional forms of government.
I should also add that in you, Mr. President, we in Kenya see a great friend
whom we can count upon. Not so long ago
when our late President, Mzee Jomo
Kenyatta, passed away, you sent your own
son Chip and his wife to represent you
during the funeral ceremony. In the
American team for that occasion was
Justice Thurgood Marshall, a good friend
of ours and someone who assisted in structuring Kenya's Constitution. Your interest and demonstrated friendship to us
is one of the reasons why we are very
happy to be here this week.
Another reason to thank you and the
people of the United States-for the help
which you have given us since our independence. We were most heartened in the
early days of our independence by the
great interest which the people of this
Nation showed in our future development. That interest was demonstrated
in a very visible and concrete.manner through various forms of cooperation-cooperation which included the development of our youth, involving the
establishment of our national youth
service, and generous offers of training
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and education contribution in your institutions. Indeed, many of the young
people who have received education and
training in the United States are now in
responsible positions in the development of
our country; some of them are Ministers.
Mr. President, we have done the best
we can in making use of assistance received from you and our other friends
abroad. If I were asked to summarize
the situation so far, I would say that the
development of our nation since independence-a development which has
been fairly impressive by standards elsewhere in the developing world-is largely
due to three factors: The first one is good
leadership by our late President; the
second is the tremendous determination
by our people to promote their own development and welfare; and third is the
support received from our friends abroad.
In many ways these are the same requirements for the future. However, that
future now looks uncertain for countries
such as Kenya because of some external
forces well beyond their control. In fact,
countries such as mine can be described
as innocent bystanders when major matters affecting their own survival are being
discussed or carried out.
It is for this reason that I consider one
of the real challenges facing the international community today to be how all
of us can participate effectively in planning the future of the international community. Those who are strong and
wealthy must not take those who are
small and poor for granted. A solution
to this particular challenge will, of course,
facilitate global solutions for the various
crises now facing the world.
There is another aspect of this relationship between the strong and wealthy
nations on one hand, and the poor nations
on the other, which I would like to mention; this is the very important issue of
territorial integrity. Some recent events
indicate the urgent need to give assurance
to all nations that they can live without
fear that their territorial integrity will
be violated. And there can be no doubt
that such fear undermines the very
foundation on which to build a happier
future for each and every nation.
At this juncture I would like to say
that no country can be isolated from
problems happening elsewhere; they can
be for you today and for me tomorrow.
So, there is no distinction between what
is happening today and what may happen tomorrow to any nation.
There are, of course, other urgent
matters facing the international community. One of them, which is a particularly dangerous one, is the whole question of prevailing mass poverty in the
Third World. As I said in the Federal
Republic of Germany last week, there
can be no lasting peace and prosperity
in any part of the world when there is
poverty and despair in most of the world.
Moreover, the solution to many of the
economic problems now facing the industrial countries can only be solved if
there is more rapid development in the
Third World.
And finally, the world has the resources
and technology to deal with the development problem, provided there is political
commitment. I believe that the need for
such commitment is now obvious to all,
because self-interest reinforces the valid
arguments based on morality and responsibility. We hope that the United States
will be even more active in providing
leadership in this field.
Mr. President, I should perhaps now
stress that the purpose of my present visit
to your country is not only to discuss
issues like these but also to exchange
views on bilateral relations between the
United States and Kenya. Here, I'm
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 20
happy to say that these relations are good
and that I expect them to grow even
stronger in the years to come.
We in Kenya are trying hard to promote the development of our people,
under very severe constraints. Our success so far demonstrates that steady progress towards that objective can be made
even without valuable minerals, provided
there is peace, effective leadership, and
determined efforts on our part and, of
course, a favorable external environment.
Some people complain that maybe
God did not give others oil. I always say,
each country has its own gifts from God,
and therefore, no one should complain.
Somebody from my own country asked
me, "Why have we not got oil?" I told
him, "We have fresh air; it is a gift of
God." [Laughter] Others may have oil,
but they suffer from the heat of the Sun.
[Laughter] And so, we should not complain. God, even in our generation-and
that means we should not be selfish-even
in our generation we may not find oil or
other valuable things, but in the years to
come, our children and the future generations may discover the things which
we want to have now.
Now, Mr. President, I'm now concerned that recent developments in the
eastern African region may create conditions which will make it difficult for us
to develop as rapidly as we expected. In
particular, it would be disastrous for all
the countries of that region if they are
compelled to use their own scarce resources on more and more military expenditures. What the region needs is
peace, cooperation, and good neighborliness. We in Kenya will continue to do
the best we can to promote such a climate. But it is a climate which cannot
be established by only one country. This
important and urgent job calls for active
commitment on the part of each nation
involved.
Before I sit down, Mr. President, I
would like to say that we in Kenya continue to admire your commitment and
decisive efforts to uphold human rights
everywhere in the world. If there is one
thing which can unite us all and which
makes ideological arguments truly irrelevant, it is the whole subject of human
rights and human dignity. This is so important to the human race. If we can all
uphold that principle, then I think you
are lucky.
The United States, from George Washington up to Jimmy Carter, you have
had those cherished ideals, which have
made this Nation a strong nation-not
the weapons, not other things that matter. It is what has made you so united.
It enables the citizens of this great nation, free-free to express the things they
want to do and thereby enable each one
of you to be free, as God meant us to be.
And therefore, we in Kenya value the
dignity of man. We therefore strongly
support your efforts in this area, in practice, in everything.
The reason why-and I indicated it
this morning-why I had to ask my National Sports Council that we should not
participate in the Olympics, not because
of anything else, because our own conscience, our own dignity is being undermined. And I did say this afternoon that
nobody should ask me, to sit on me, that
I must cooperate. It is ridiculous, when
those Afghanistanis are being suppressed,
and we are told, "Let us cooperate." And
I said before, when the lives of those people are threatened, mine is threatened.
Why should I cooperate then? Those who
would like to cooperate maybe are following the same ideals-ideals which are
not worthwhile supporting.
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Feb. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And in any case, we made-we Kenyans, we made sacrifices because we were
very hopeful that we were going to secure gold medals, silver, and the rest.
Others, of course, are participating with
no prospects of securing one. [Laughter]
In the case of Africa, there is a particularly serious situation of apartheid
in South Africa, which again touches
human rights. That situation is a tragic
one, because it is also preventing that
country from playing its rightful role in
the development of Africa, and all which
is potentially, exceedingly important.
Mr. President, I also take this opportunity to say how we in Kenya are encouraged by your untiring efforts to promote peace and cooperation in the Middle East. Our stand on this matter has
been made very clear to all. We urge the
nations of that region to accept negotiations as a method for finding a lasting
solution, a solution which must include a
homeland for the Palestinian people and
a solution which must also include acceptance of the right to live for all the
people of the Middle East.
Finally, Mr. President, I want to thank
you for the discussions we had today. As
I explained, the economic problems created by external forces beyond our control compel us to look for more assistance
from the United States and other friends.
Here I should add that we also look forward to greater private investment. Our
policies in this field and our commitment
to honor our obligations are well known.
Mr. President, once again I thank you
and Mrs. Carter for this reception. I hope
you will one day visit us in Kenya. If it
were not that you are in the middle of
elections, I would say I invite you to
Kenya. [Laughter] Nevertheless, I wish
you success, and my invitation is extended
to you, hoping that you will succeed
[laughter]-and come and see us, see our
little country, Kenya.
And now, ladies and gentlemen, I ask
you to rise and join me in a toast: To the
health and happiness of President Carter
and strengthened cooperation between the
United States and the Republic of Kenya.
THE PRESIDENT. I'll drink to that.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:10 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
Death of Alice Roosevelt
Longworth
Statement by the President.
February 20, 1980
Alice Roosevelt Longworth was part of
the life of Washington for so long that it
will be hard to imagine this city without
her.
As the teenage daughter of a young
President, she burst upon the scene with
the dawning of the new century, and
throughout her long, full life she always
seemed to personify the freshness and
irreverence of modern times. She had
style, she had grace, and she had a sense
of humor that kept generations of political newcomers to Washington wondering which was worse-to be skewered by
her wit or to be ignored by her.
Rosalynn and I extend our sympathy
to Mrs. Longworth's granddaughter,
Joanna Sturm, and to her many friends.
Radiation Policy Council
Executive Order 12194. February 21, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, and in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 21
order to coordinate the development of
Federal radiation protection policy, it is
hereby ordered as follows:
1-1. Establishment.
1-101. There is established the Radiation Policy Council.
1-102. The Council shall be composed
of the heads of the following agencies or
their representatives and such others as
the President may designate:
(a) The Department of Defense.
(b) The Department of Justice.
(c) The Department of Commerce.
(d) The Department of Labor.
(e) The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
(f) The Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
(g) The Department of Transportation.
(h) The Department of Energy.
(i) The Veterans Administration.
(j) The Environmental Protection
Agency.
(k) The National Science Foundation.
(1) The Federal Emergency Management Agency.
(m) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission is invited to participate.
1-103. The head of each agency represented on the Council may designate
an official of the equivalent rank of Assistant Secretary or higher level to serve
as the agency's representative.
1-104. The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, or any
agency representative designated by him,
shall chair the Council.
1-2. Functions.
1-201. The Council shall coordinate
the formulation and implementation of
Federal policy relating to radiation protection. In carrying out this function, the
Council shall:
(a) advise on the formulation of broad
radiation protection policy;
(b) monitor implementation of Federal radiation protection policies
by Federal agencies;
(c) assist in the resolution of conflicts
in jurisdiction among Federal
agencies and recommend corrective legislation if needed;
(d) ensure effective liaison with the
States and the Congress;
(e) serve as a forum for public participation and comment; and
(f) perform such other functions as the
President may direct.
1-202. The Council shall keep the
Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy, the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget, and
the Council on Environmental Quality
informed of the activities of the Council.
1-203. The Council shall prepare an
annual report of its activities and transmit
the report to the President and the heads
of the agencies represented on the Council
on or before September 30 of each year.
1-3. General Provisions.
1-301. The Environmental Protection
Agency, to the extent permitted by law,
shall furnish administrative support,
funds, staff, and other assistance to the
Council as necessary to carry out its functions.
1-302. Federal agencies, to the extent
permitted by law, shall provide to the
Council that information and assistance
which it requests in order to carry out its
functions.
1-303. The Council shall transmit its
final annual report and terminate four
years after the date of this Order.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 21, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:14 p.m., February 21, 1980]
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Radiation Protection Program
Announcement of New Initiatives.
February 21, 1980
The President has signed an Executive
order creating a Radiation Policy Council
and has directed the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare (HEW) to establish an Interagency Radiation Research
Committee. These actions implement decisions announced by the President on
October 23, 1979, designed to improve the
Federal Government's policies and programs related to radiation protection.
The Radiation Policy Council will coordinate the Federal programs to reduce
exposures to radiation from all sources,
including medical and dental exposures,
will be responsible for resolving conflicts
in jurisdiction among Federal agencies,
and will recommend corrective legislation
when needed. The Council will be responsible for liaison with the States and
the Congress. It will also serve as a forum
for public participation and comment and
will stimulate information programs for
the public and the media.
Douglas M. Costle, Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency,
will chair the Radiation Policy Council.
Other members will be high officials of
the Departments of Defense, Justice,
Commerce, Labor, HEW, Housing and
Urban Development, Transportation, and
Energy, also the Veterans Administration,
the National Science Foundation, and the
Federal Emergency Management Agency.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has
been invited to participate.
The Interagency Radiation Research
Committee will supersede an active, congressionally mandated committee, which
has already reviewed various federally
supported studies. The Committee will
prepare an annual report on Federal re
search activities for use in the President's
budget request.
The President's budget request for FY
1981 includes $111.5 million for research
on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, work supported by 15 agencies or departments. The budget is the result of a
cross-agency review conducted by the Office of Management and Budget and the
Office of Science and Technology Policy
at the President's direction. This budget
will assure a sound research program on
the long-term health effects of low-level
radiation and appropriate roles for the
major agencies involved.
Today's actions complement the President's announcements on December 7,
1979, of his response to the recommendations of the Commission on the Accident
at Three Mile Island, and on February 12, 1980, of his comprehensive program for management of radioactive
wastes. These actions, taken together, substantially enhance the coordination of the
Federal Government's varied activities
related to radiation. These actions will
improve the protection of the American
people from unnecessary exposures to
medical, occupational, and environmental
sources of radiation and increase their
understanding of radiation uses and radiation hazards.
United States Ambassador to
Mauritius
Nomination of Robert C. F. Gordon.
February 21, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Robert C. F. Gordon,
of Berkeley, Calif., to be Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Mauritius. He would
364
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 21
replace Samuel Gammon, resigned.
Gordon has been coordinator for the
handicapped at the State Department
since 1978.
He was born March 19, 1920, in
Berkeley, Calif. He received a B.A.
(1941) and an M.A. (1949) from the
University of California at Berkeley.
From 1941 to 1946, Gordon was with
Bethlehem Steel Corp., and from 1946
to 1948, he was with Tri-Metals Corp.
He joined the Foreign Service in 1950
and served as a foreign affairs analyst at
the State Department and then as a political officer in Baghdad and Khartoum.
From 1961 to 1963, he was a personnel
officer at the State Department, and from
1963 to 1964, he attended the National
War College. From 1964 to 1965, he was
Deputy Chief of Mission in Dar es
Salaam.
From 1965 to 1970, Gordon was counselor for political-military affairs in
Rome. He was special assistant for welfare and grievances at the State Department from 1970 to 1972. From 1972 to
1978, he was consul general in Florence.
Northern Mariana Islands
Proclamation 4726. February 21, 1980
APPLICATION OF CERTAIN LAWS OF THE
UNITED STATES TO THE NORTHERN
MARIANA ISLANDS
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The Northern Mariana Islands, as part
of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, are administered by the United
States under a Trusteeship Agreement be
tween the United States and the Security
Council of the United Nations (61 Stat.
3301). Pursuant to Article 6, paragraph
2 of the Trusteeship Agreement, the
United States has undertaken to promote the economic advancement and selfsufficiency of the inhabitants and to encourage the development of the fisheries
of the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands.
The United States and the Northern
Mariana Islands have entered into a Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of
the Northern Mariana Islands in Political
Union with the United States of America
(Public Law 94-241; 90 Stat. 263) pursuant to which many provisions of the
laws of the United States have become
applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands as of January 9, 1978 (Proclamation No. 4534, Sec. 2). Section 1004(a) of
the Covenant provides that if the President finds a provision of the Constitution
or laws of the United States to be inconsistent with the Trusteeship Agreement,
the application of that provision to the
Northern Mariana Islands may be suspended until the termination of that
Agreement.
Certain provisions of the vessel documentation laws of the United States, applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands,
prevent citizens of the Northern Mariana
Islands and the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands from using foreignbuilt, United States registered fishing vessels owned by such citizens or owned by
or in the custody of the Government of
the Northern Mariana Islands to fish in
the territorial sea and fishery conservation
zone around the Northern Mariana Islands and to land their catch of fish in the
Northern Mariana Islands. Because of the
considerable distance of the Northern
Mariana Islands from American shipyards and resultant high transportation
365
Feb. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
costs associated with the purchase of
American-built ships for use in the Northern Marianas fisheries, this result is inconsistent with the undertakings assumed
by the United States in the Trusteeship
Agreement to provide for the economic
advancement and self-sufficiency of the
inhabitants and to encourage the development of the fisheries of the Northern
Mariana Islands.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States,
including Section 1004 (a) of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands in Political
Union with the United States of America,
do hereby find, declare and proclaim as
follows:
1. Any provision of the vessel documentation laws of the United States
which prevents the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands or the Government
of the Northern Mariana Islands from
using foreign-built, United States registered fishing vessels, owned by such citizens or owned by or in the custody of the
Government of the Northern Mariana
Islands, to fish in the territorial sea and
fishery conservation zone around the
Northern Mariana Islands and to land
their catch of fish in the Northern Mariana Islands, including that part of R.S.
4132, as amended, 46 U.S.C. 11, which
reads "* * X which are to engage only
in trade with foreign countries, with the
Islands of Guam, Tutuila, Wake, Midway, and Kingman Reef a *," would
be inconsistent with the objectives of the
Trusteeship Agreement to the extent it
has this effect.
2. The application of any such provision to foreign-built, United States registered fishing vessels owned by citizens
of the Northern Mariana Islands or
owned by or in the custody of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands,
is suspended to the extent it is inconsistent
as described in Section 1 above until the
termination of the Trusteeship Agreement
for the Former Japanese Mandated Islands in the Pacific (61 Stat. 3301). Foreign-built fishing vessels owned by citizens
of the Northern Mariana Islands or owned
by or in the custody of the Government of
the Northern Mariana Islands may therefore be registered under R.S. 4132, as
amended, 46 U.S.C. 11, and any restrictive endorsement upon such register, prescribed by 46 CFR 67.63-9(b) pursuant to 46 U.S.C. 11, shall be without
effect insofar as it would prevent the
citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands
or the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands from using foreign-built,
United States registered fishing vessels
owned by such citizens or owned by or in
the custody of the Government of the
Northern Mariana Islands to fish in the
territorial sea and fishery conservation
zone surrounding the Northern Mariana
Islands and to land their catch of fish in
the Northern Mariana Islands.
3. For the purposes of this proclamation, the seaward limit of the fishery conservation zone surrounding the Northern
Mariana Islands is 200 nautical miles
from the baseline from which the breadth
of the territorial sea is measured, except
that to the north of the Northern Mariana
Islands, the limit of the fishery conservation zone shall be determined by straight
lines connecting the following points:
1. 20052'42"N., 141~20'53"E.
2. 23~02'19"N., 144000'56"E.
3. 23053'25"N., 145005'59"E.
and, except that to the south of the
Northern Mariana Islands, the limit of
the fishery conservation zone shall be
determined by straight lines connecting
the following points:
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 21
4. 15043'28"N., 142005'43"E.
5. 14055'18"N., 143015'29"E.
6. 14047'43"N., 143026'23"E.
7. 14030'07"N., 143051'50"E.
8. 14011'10"N., 144026'36"E.
9. 14005'34"N., 144036'47"E.
10. 13057'14"N., 144051'43"E.
11. 13053'11"N., 144059'19"E.
12. 13051'18"N., 145~03'00"E.
13. 13051'16"N., 145003'05"E.
14. 13 51'00"N., 145003'36"E.
15. 13050'11"N., 145006'15"E.
16. 13049'15"N., 145008'37"E.
17. 13047'40"N., 145012'31"E.
18. 13046'00"N., 1450 16'14"E.
19. 13045'27"N., 145017'23"E.
20. 13041'18"N., 145026'08"E.
21. 13037'16"N., 145034'33"E.
22. 13036'23"N., 145036'21"E.
23. 13035'54"N., 145037'14"E.
24. 13016'24"N., 146~12'14"E.
25. 13005'18"N., 146032'02"E.
26. 13000'17"N., 146041'05"E.
27. 12033'02"N., 147029'57"E.
28. 12014'34"N., 1480O3'11"E.
29. 12013'55"N., 148004'31"E.
4. For the purposes of this proclamation, a "citizen of the Northern Mariana
Islands" is defined as: (1) an individual
citizen of the Trust Territory of the
Pacific Islands who is exclusively domiciled, within the meaning of Section
1005 (e) of the Covenant, in the Northern
Mariana Islands; (2) a partnership, unincorporated company, or association whose
members are all citizens of the Northern
Mariana Islands as defined in (1) above;
or (3) a corporation incorporated under
the laws of the Northern Mariana Islands,
of which the president or other chief executive officer and the chairman of the
board of directors are citizens of the
Northern Mariana Islands as defined in
(1) above and no more of its directors
than a minority of the number necessary
to constitute a quorum are not citizens of
the Northern Mariana Islands as defined
in (1) above.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:41 p.m., February 22, 1980]
Energy and National Security
Remarks at a White House Briefing for
Community Leaders. February 21, 1980
I know you've had a good briefing from
Dr. Brzezinski and also from Stu Eizenstat, but I would like to tell you, from the
perspective of the Oval Office and from
the perspective of the Commander in
Chief of the American Armed Forces,
how important this subject is.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
would have been of deep concern to us
under any circumstances, and the holding
of American hostages would have been of
deep concern to us under any circumstances. But the fact that both these actions have taken place in the Persian Gulf
region means that we not only have a
deep concern but the vital interests of our
country, our security is dangerously
threatened.
For 3 years now, we have been dealing
with the question of energy security:
How can we remove the debilitating vulnerability which now afflicts our country
because we are so heavily dependent on
foreign oil? For 3 years, we have been
trying to get a comprehensive energy
policy approved by the Congress, established into law, to give our Nation the
ability and the inspiration and the cohesion and the understanding to reduce
this overdependence and to give our
allies, our friends, our trading partners,
and those who supply us with oil from
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Feb. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
overseas a clear concept of where our
Nation will go in the future. Other nations look to us for leadership. We have
not provided that leadership.
We've got three conference committees
that have been working on legislation now
for months. The windfall profits tax committee has acted, in the last few days, in
a very responsible way; final action by
them is imminent. The conferees on the
energy security corporation and on the
energy mobilization board have not acted
responsibly. For week after week after
week, they have failed to resolve the
relatively minor differences among them,
and our Nation waits and waits and waits
for them to present back to the Congress
their recommendations so that final action can be taken.
The American people are ready for us
to move on energy, and the Congress is
ready for us to move on energy. The Congress has acted, both the House and the
Senate, but the conference committees
themselves have not seen fit to act. It's of
deep concern to me. And I hope that all
of you, as responsible American leaders,
will join with me in demanding that the
Congress stop this unnecessary delay and
provide, for the Congress to finally vote
and for me to finally sign, these last remaining pieces of legislation. When that
is concluded, as far as the law is concerned, our country will have the basis
for a viable, adequate, long-range, understandable energy policy. I say that not in
a spirit of condemnation or criticism of
individual Members of Congress, but to
express in the most sincere way to you the
deep sense of concern that I feel.
The American people are also waiting
for some clear expression of guidance
from the Government on how they can
conserve additional quantities of energy.
We are now seeking from the Congress
the allocation of enough funds to run a
nationwide media campaign during prime
time-when people watch the television,
listen to the radio, read the newspaperson how they can individually cooperate,
on a continuing basis, to conserve energy.
We've made some progress there, and
public service media are helping. But this
needs to be supplemented because it is so
crucial to us.
In 1968 this country was exporting
energy-net exporting of energy. As you
know, we now are heavily dependent on
imported energy. By the time I came in
office in 1977, about half the total oil that
we used came from overseas, and the
price had been escalating rapidly. We
have actually cut down the quantity of
oil we import since I've been in office, because of the first effects of energy legislation passed a little more than a year ago
and because of an aroused consciousness
of Americans about the need for saving
energy and also because we have marshaled support from other nations to join
in with us and derive mutual benefit from
that support. Where we go from here is
of crucial importance to everyone in this
room and to our country.
We have been blessed with enormous
energy reserves. The figures that I have
indicate that the total OPEC nations, all
combined, have about 6 percent of the
world's energy supplies; we have, ourselves, 24 percent. Ours are highly diverse
in nature, with coal, shale, oil, natural
gas, geothermal energy, and so forth. But
what we need to do is to become more
energy self-sufficient. We don't anticipate
being completely independent of a need
for imported oil, but we want to reduce
that dependence to such a degree that in
an emergency, if we have to, we could
do without oil from a certain part of the
world-troubled world, unstable worldand not have a crippling, adverse effect
on our country.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 22
There are only two things that we can
do to accomplish this goal. One is to produce more American energy, and the
other is to conserve the energy that we
have or that we buy.
If our plan is put into effect by the Congress, then an anticipated 14 million barrels of oil to be imported per day by 1990
will have been reduced down to 4 or 5
million barrels per day. And in the process
we will have greatly increased our own
ability to use replenishable supplies of energy, derived directly or indirectly from
the Sun; improved the use of coal, which
we have in adequate supply; and had that
coal converted to use where the quality of
our environment will not be damaged.
I don't think there is much prospect
that we would increase the rate of production of oil. Most of our American oil wells,
as you know, have been in use for a long
time. We are now drilling very deep wells.
We are reopening wells that had formerly
been abandoned, which were not economically feasible; but with a higher
price, they can produce a few barrels of oil
per day.
We've had some increased exploration
since the new energy legislation has been
in effect. I think last month we had more
oil-drilling rigs in use than any time in the
last 20 or 21 years. And of course, Alaska
has helped a great deal, with roughly 2
million barrels per day coming into our
country.
This is an extremely complicated subject, perhaps the most complicated and
difficult, in its totality, that the Congress
has ever had to address. And our Nation
has changed, painfully, from one which
had squandered cheap oil to one that is
now confronting rapidly increasing prices
of energy under all circumstances.
And our Congress has had to change,
painfully, from one which was responsive
to an acutely interested energy lobby to
one which has now got to balance an
acutely interested energy lobby with an
acutely interested consumer lobby. Now
they are fairly equally balanced. But in the
past it was not necessary for American
consumers to be particularly interested in
how the oil situation was handled, because
back a few years ago, oil was a dollar and
a half a barrel, and now, as you know, it's
extremely high priced-30 to 40 dollars a
barrel.
The purpose of this meeting is to equate
accurately energy security with our Nation's military security; there's no way to
separate the two. And I know that Dr.
Brzezinski has given you an overall strategic assessment, and Stu Eizenstat has
given you an analysis of the present circumstances with legislation.
I would be glad to answer just a couple
of questions. I don't want to belabor it too
long.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:16 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
The question-and-answer session is not included in the transcript.
Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers
Remarks at a White House Reception for the
Championship Baseball and Football Teams.
February 22, 1980
As you may all know, this is a special
year for politicians. [Laughter] And when
I began to think who, in the entire Nation,
can give me best advice on how to meet a
tough challenge successfully and win great
victories, I naturally remembered the
Pirates and the Steelers. And I'm very
grateful that you've come.
I would like to welcome Mayor Dick
Caliguiri, Mayor Lou Tullio from Erie,
Congressmen Gaydos, Walgren, Frank
Horton, Austin Murphy, and to say how
delighted I am to join in with all of you in
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Feb. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
this salute to a place that really deserves to
be called the "City of Champions." I want
to include in this salute not only Pittsburgh iself but to the entire western region
of Pennsylvania, because I don't know of
any team or set of teams that have had
such overwhelming and constant and enthusiastic support than these two teams
have had from the entire region of Pennsylvania-and I might say, looking at my
own members of my family, not only from
western Pennsylvania but from the White
House as well and from Plains, Georgia.
[Laughter]
Let me start with the Pirates. It was my
honor and my pleasure to be present in
the Pittsburgh locker room last fall on the
final night of the World Series. I escaped
without getting tramped, by the skin of my
teeth. But it was one of those exciting, historic moments in sport, when the entire
Nation was thrilled at a tremendous
achievement. I've not forgotten those
exciting moments.
And I particularly remember the spirit
of brotherhood and cooperation and common purpose and friendship and a team
spirit, the kind of a sense of being a family.
And that's what made this team great;
that's what made them champions. And I
think the whole country was inspired, because they were known, as you know, as
a team that said, "We are family."
Also, of course, we've got the Pittsburgh
Steelers, who've shown the same kind of
spirit and unity and courage and commitment and ability. Four times in the last
10 years the Steelers have gone to the
Super Bowl; I've forgotten how many
times they won-[Laughter]-4 times.
This is a tremendous achievement for
them and for all those who support them
and all those who helped to make this
great victory possible. Excellence on a
transient basis is much easier than excellence sustained over a long period of
time, and it requires not only a great spirit
but a deep and permanent commitment
to sustain that kind of championship
form.
I've had a good opportunity to work
with the two mayors here and with the
Members of Congress who are assembled
here on this stage. It's kind of a political
family or political teamwork, typical of
our country.
In these trying times it's almost imperative that our Nation be united, that our
Nation be strong and courageous, that our
Nation be consistent in its purposes, that
our Nation be inspired, that our Nation
be willing to meet hardship without
flinching, and that our Nation be united
as a great family. And that's what has
been exhibited in the United States of
America during the last few weeks. As
President, I'm very proud of this achievement, and I'm very proud to lead a nation
like this.
We've got, as you know, a tremendous
achievement represented by these men on
the stage with me. Not only have they
brought honor and credit to their team
but they've brought honor and credit to
their community, because of a spirit of
service to others. I think the reciprocal
nature of that unselfish attitude has paid
rich dividends for them as teams.
They've not ignored Pittsburgh; they've
not ignored western Pennsylvania; they've
not ignored the United States of America;
as a matter of fact, they've not ignored
people who are in need, all over the world.
Roberto Clemente, one of the greatest
Pittsburgh Pirates who ever lived, was
killed in a plane crash, I believe in 1972,
while working in relief efforts for the people of Nicaragua. And there have been
other demonstrations of courage and a
willingness to overcome handicaps and to
meet challenges with success.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 22
Rocky Bleier, here, of the Steelers,
fought for our country, as you know, in
Vietnam. This was not a popular war. It
always requires courage to fight and to
risk one's life, but it requires even more
courage when there is not an overwhelming sense of patriotism and support, as
there was missing during the Vietnam war
years.
When I was in the Navy during the
Second World War, during Korea, I felt
that there was a united country behind
me, giving me every possible support and
every expression of gratitude. My oldest
son served in Vietnam, too, as a volunteer.
And when he came home, he had a different kind of response, because many
people did not appreciate the willingness
of our country to fight for freedom there.
But as you know, Rocky Bleier did go.
He was wounded severely. Some doctors,
I understand, even said that he would not
recover. But now he's been able to overcome a combat injury of very serious nature, and he's played 10 rugged years of
championship professional football.
I could brag a lot about the team members. I don't want to confine myself exclusively to those who play on the field.
Art Rooney, the owner of the Steelers, has
also made his unique contribution to his
community. For almost 50 years he has
kept his faith in the city of Pittsburgh, and
for many of those years-I won't mention
how many-when the Pirates were not
champions, he believed, sometimes alone,
that the city would one day be the home
of champions. And now he's been proven
to be right. In fact, he's been proven to
be doubly right, as is exhibited on the
stage here with me this afternoon.
Art Rooney's Steelers and Dan Galbreath's Pirates have now established some
great traditions, not only of winning
games, not only of winning championships in athletic events but of teamwork
off the field as well. What they have done
has united a community, has united a
region of our Nation, and has aroused the
admiration of every American who's interested in sports, interested in courage,
interested in achievement, interested in
cooperation and teamwork, interested in
the spirit of patriotism and the value of
a close family relationship.
It's my honor, as President of the
United States, to add my voice to the
salute that is being paid to the Pirates,
to the Steelers, to western Pennsylvania,
and today especially, to Pittsburgh.
Thank you all very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:42 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
Office of Management and Budget
Nomination of Karen Hastie Williams To Be
Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.
February 22, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Karen Hastie Williams, of
Washington, D.C., to be Administrator
for Federal Procurement Policy in the Office of Management and Budget. She
would replace Lester Fettig, resigned.
Williams has been chief counsel of the
U.S. Senate Committee on the Budget
since 1977.
She was born September 30, 1944, in
Washington, D.C. She received a B.A.
from Bates College, in 1966, an M.A. from
Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in
1967, and a J.D. from Columbus Law
School at Catholic University in 1973.
From 1973 to 1974, Williams was law
clerk to Judge Spottswood W. Robinson
III of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit. From 1974
to 1975, she was law clerk to Associate
371
Feb. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S.
Supreme Court. From 1975 to 1977, she
was an associate attorney with the Washington firm of Fried, Frank, Harris,
Shriver & Kampelman.
Williams is on the board of directors of
the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and
serves on the Hearing Committee of the
Board on Professional Responsibility,
D.C. Court of Appeals. She is a member
of the National Association of Black
Women Attorneys.
Four Corners Regional
Commission
Nomination of Gary Blakeley To Be Federal
Cochairman. February 22, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Gary Blakeley, of
Santa Fe, N. Mex., as Federal Cochairman of the Four Corners Regional
Commission.
Blakeley, 31, is head of the Energy and
Conservation Management Division of
the New Mexico State Energy and
Minerals Department. He has served on
the New Mexico Public Service Commission and as an energy consultant.
President's Commission on
United States-Liberian Relations
Executive Order 12195. February 22, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, and in
order to review and recommend ways to
improve United States-Liberian relations,
it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-1. Establishment.
1-101. There is established the President's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations.
1-102. (a) The membership of the
Commission shall be composed of not
more than sixteen persons, as follows.
Twelve shall be appointed by the President. The President of the United States
Senate and the Speaker of the United
States House of Representatives are each
invited to designate two members.
(b) The President shall designate a
Chairman from among the members of
the Commission.
1-2. Functions.
1-201. The Commission shall conduct
a comprehensive review of our relations
with Liberia and will provide recommendations to improve this relationship.
In particular, the Commission shall:
(a) Make an overall assessment of
United States-Liberian relations.
(b) Identify problem areas and constraints to a better functioning relationship.
(c) Develop appropriate recommendations based on the Commission's
findings.
1-202. The Commission shall prepare
and transmit to the President of the
United States and to the Secretary of
State, a final report of its findings and
recommendations.
1-3. Administration.
1-301. Members of the Commission
who are not otherwise full-time officers or
employees of the Federal government
shall receive no compensation for their
work on the Commission. All members
shall be entitled to travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as
authorized by law.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 22
1-302. The Department of State shall,
to the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, provide
the Commission with such funds, facilities, support and services as may be necessary for the performance of the Commission's functions.
1-4. Final Report and Termination.
1-401. The final report required by
Section 1-202 of this Order shall be transmitted not later than two months from
the date of the Commission's visit to
Liberia.
1-402. The Commission shall terminate
upon the transmittal of its final report,
but in any event not later than six months
from the date this Order is issued.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 22, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:06 a.m., February 25, 1980]
President's Commission on
United States-Liberian Relations
Announcement of the Establishment of the
Commission and Designation of the Chair and
Vice Chair. February 22, 1980
The President today announced the establishment of the President's Commission on United States-Liberian Relations
and announced the appointment of the
Chair and Vice Chair.
The 16-member Commission, established by Executive order today, grew out
of discussions between President Carter
and President Tolbert of Liberia late last
year. It is charged with undertaking a
broad-based and general study of U.S.Liberian relationships in all areas.
The Commission will be made up of
recognized U.S. experts from various disciplines and will travel to Liberia to gather
firsthand information. It will report its
findings and recommendations to the
President within two months of its return
from Liberia.
The President will designate Congressman William H. Gray III of Pennsylvania as Chair of the Commission. Gray,
37, is on the Africa subcommittee of the
House Foreign Affairs Committee.
The President will designate Andrew F.
Brimmer as Vice Chair. Brimmer, 43, is
an economist and financial consultant
who has served as Assistant Secretary of
Commerce and as a member of the Federal Reserve Board. He is the author of
several articles on the international and
African perspectives of economic development.
The other members of the Commission
will be announced shortly.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
February 16
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Tosiwo Nakayama, President, and
Bethuel Henry, Speaker of the Congress, Federated States of Micronesia,
and Senator Daniel K. Inouye of
Hawaii.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
February 19
The President met at the White House
with Dr. Brzezinski.
In the evening the President attended
a buffet dinner and participated in a briefing by administration officials on national
defense and foreign policy issues, given for
Members of the House of Representatives
on the State Floor of the White House.
February 20
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-Representative Thomas J. Downey of
New York;
-Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the
Council of Economic Advisers.
The White House announced that the
President has declared a major disaster
for the State of Arizona as a result of
severe storms and flooding beginning on
or about February 13, which caused extensive property damage.
February 21
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of Energy Charles W. Duncan, Jr., Secretary of Labor Ray
Marshall, Under Secretary of Labor
John N. Gentry, Deputy Secretary of
the Treasury Robert Carswell, James
T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, R.
Robert Russell, Director of the
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat,
Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Mr. Schultze;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas;
-Representative Herbert E. Harris II
of Virginia;
-Col. Lawrence R. O'Grady, national
president, and J. Milnor Roberts,
executive director, Reserve Officers
Association;
-Representative David E. Bonior of
Michigan;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
February 22
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Deputy Secretary of State Warren
M. Christopher, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, and Dr.
Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-officers of the Public Employees
Federation of New York.
The White House announced that the
President has declared a major disaster
for the State of California as a result of
severe storms, mudslides, and flooding beginning on or about January 8, which
caused extensive property damage.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted February 19, 1980
ABRAHAM KATZ, of Florida, to be an Assistant
Secretary of Commerce (new position).
THOMAS H. HENDERSON, JR., of Maryland, to
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted February 19-Continued
be Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board for a term of 5 years, vice Haywood Patrick Swygert, resigned.
Submitted February 22, 1980
ROBERT C. F. GORDON, of California, a Foreign
Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States of America to Mauritius.
THOMAS EDWARD DELAHANTY II, of Maine, to
be United States Attorney for the District of
Maine for the term of 4 years, vice George J.
Mitchell, elevated.
KAREN HASTIE WILLIAMS, of the District of
Columbia, to be Administrator for Federal
Procurement Policy, vice Lester A. Fettig,
resigned.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released February 19, 1980
Advance text: remarks at the annual conference of the American Legion
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released February 20, 1980
Announcement: Federal program to assist the
Florida State and Dade County governments
meet the emergency needs of undocumented
Haitians in southern Florida
Released February 22, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Thomas E.
Delahanty II to be United States Attorney
for the District of Maine
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved February 18, 1980
H.R. 2440 --- —-------- Public Law 96-193
Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act
of 1979.
Approved February 21, 1980
S.J. Res. 108 --- —------ Public Law 96-194
A joint resolution to validate the effectiveness of certain plans for the use or distribution of funds appropriated to pay judgments
awarded to Indian tribes or groups.
375
I
Week Ending Friday, February 29, 1980
United Jewish Appeal
Remarks at the Organization's National Young
Leadership Conference. February 25, 1980
First, I'd like to say to Phil Schaeffer
that both I and his mother-in-law appreciate that introduction. [Laughter]
This is an exciting day for me, to come
here and to see the spirit and dedication,
the hope, the idealism, the common purpose, the exemplification of the ideals of
our Nation which permeate this audience,
and to go, in just a few minutes, to greet
the winner of five gold medals in speed
skating and an American hockey team
that whipped the Soviets and went on to
bring the gold medal to our people. This
is a wonderful weekend for me and a
wonderful morning for me as well.
I want to thank Stanley Frankel and
Bobi Klotz for meeting me outside and
the members of the leadership of the conference of United Jewish Appeal for letting me come this morning. You and I
have common goals and common purposes, a common dedication which binds
us together, both collectively and individually.
It's a pleasure to be here, because this
group embodies the support of the American people for the poor, the aged, the deprived, the suffering, the persecuted, and
also because you embody the support for
the peace and the security of Israel. Your
support for Israel is an example for the
American people. And as I hope you
know quite well, this is a commitment
which I share with you now and in the
future.
Since 1977, when I became President,
with the help of Phil and many of you,
we have recommended over $10 billion in
military and economic assistance for
Israel. This aid is important for Israel's
security and for the well-being of the
people who live in that free and democratic nation. And we will continue to
provide sufficient aid to Israel to enable
it to defend itself against any possible adversary. And you can depend on that.
In a ceremony in front of the White
House, on the South Grounds of the
White House, I told Prime Minister Begin
on the anniversary of the founding of
Israel, and I'd like to quote: "For 30 years
we have stood at the side of the proud and
independent nation of Israel. I can say
without reservation, speaking on behalf
of the American people, that we will continue to do so, not just for 30 years but
forever."
I would like to emphasize, in the strongest possible terms, that our aid for Israel
is not only altruistic; indeed, our close retionship with Israel is in the moral and
the strategic interest of the United States.
There is a mutual relationship and
there is a mutual benefit and there is a
mutual commitment, which has been impressed very deeply in my mind and also
in the minds of the leaders of my Government and the Government of Israel. And
I will continue to work with the leaders
of Israel to strengthen even further our
common commitments and our common
goals. We know that in a time of crisis, we
can count on Israel. And the people of
Israel know that in a time of crisis, they
can count on the United States.
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Feb. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And we are working with Israel to
meet the dangers that threaten American and Western interests in the broadest
sense. Israel is an important force for
stability in the Middle East. It has a vital
role to play in meeting threats to that entire region.
Tomorrow will be another great day
for me and for you. Egypt and Israel will
exchange Ambassadors. The first time I
ever met with President Sadat, on the second floor of the White House in my private quarters, we sat in adjacent chairs,
and I spelled out to him, early in 1977,
my hopes and my dreams for the future
relationship between Israel and Egypt.
I said, "Someday I would like to see the
borders open. And someday I would like
to see a recognition that you all can live
in peace after four wars in 30 years. And
someday I would even like to see a recognition by you of Israel as a sovereign nation." And he responded to me. "Mr.
President, it may be possible for us to
stabilize the situation, and it may be possible for us to have successful negotiations
in the future. But in my lifetime we will
never see diplomatic recognition between
Israel and Egypt." And I responded,
"President Sadat, please don't give up.
Give us 4 or 5 years to work on it." And
he said, "Well, I'll keep an open mind,
but this is one goal which I don't think
will be possible in my lifetime."
Tomorrow it will come true-a
dream-and I'm very grateful for it. It's
an incredible event and a hopeful beginning for peace and for reconciliation
among the nations of the Middle East. It
caps an intensive 3-year effort-3 years
that include President Sadat's historic
visit to Jerusalem, the Camp David summit, which was characterized ahead of
time as a wasted effort, my own journey
last year to Israel and to Egypt, and an
historic accord that was signed on the
north side of the White House last May
[March] in a binding treaty between two
ancient, warring countries, which are now
friends, one with another.
After more than 30 years of conflict
and after more than four major wars,
peace has become not just a hope but a
living reality on one major frontier of
that beloved country. These extraordinary months have changed the political
landscape of the entire Middle Eastforever, we pray-toward a permanent
and a comprehensive peace.
In the days ahead, we will work to
solidify the peaceful relationship between
Israel and Egypt and to expand that
peace to encompass all the neighboring
countries which surround Israel. Resolution of the Palestinian issue in all its aspects, an achievement of a comprehensive
peace on the basis of U.N. Resolutions
242 and 338 and the Camp David accords, is the best way, in the long run, to
ensure Israel's security.
We are now embarked on a negotiation
which is persistent and determined, under
the leadership of Ambassador Sol Linowitz, Ambassador Yosef Burg, and Prime
Minister Mustafa Khalil, aiming for two
goals: first, a self-governing authority for
the Palestinians who live in the West
Bank and Gaza, to enable them to participate in the determination of their own
future; and second, arrangements to preserve Israel's legitimate security requirements, to be recognized not only by us
but by all nations.
Let me assure you that in this negotiation, as we work for the legitimate rights
of the Palestinians, recognized in the
Camp David accords by Prime Minister
Begin and President Sadat, that we will
countenance no action which could hurt
Israel's security. This is because of our
commitment to Israel's security and wellbeing, and it's because Israel's security is
so closely linked to the security of the
United States of America.
378
_
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 25
Also let me restate a clear policy that
has guided me through all these deliberations and which will guide me in the
future. I am opposed to an independent
Palestinian state, because in my own
judgment and in the judgment of many
leaders in the Middle East, including
many Arab leaders, this would be a destabilizing factor in the Middle East and
would certainly not serve the United
States interests.
I will not negotiate with nor recognize
the Palestine Liberation Organization,
unless it first recognizes Israel's right to
exist and accepts United Nations Security
Resolutions 242 and 338. It is past time
for a total end to terrorism against Israel
and the people who live there.
And finally, let me add that my policy
of promoting human rights throughout
the world remains firm. In 3 years we have
made this an important matter on the
world agenda. I don't believe this issue escapes the constant notice and awareness
of any leader in any nation on Earth.
Rather than look the other way, for instance, we have insisted that the Soviet
Union live up to its public promises, made
in the Helsinki accords, to protect the
political and the social rights of its own
citizens and of others. Support for human
rights, like support for Israel, is an expression of basic American ideals.
I wish you well in your deliberations
here. You represent the finest aspects of
the future of our country. Working together we can build a better America,
and working together we can build a more
peaceful world. That's my prayer, which
I share with you.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:09 a.m. in
the Sheraton Ballroom at the Sheraton-Park
Hotel. In his opening remarks, he referred to
Philip A. Schaeffer, Stanley D. Frankel, and
Bobi Klotz, members of the executive committee of the Young Leadership Cabinets.
United States Olympic Team
Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for
Participants in the 1980 Winter Games.
February 25, 1980
For me, as President of the United
States of America, this is one of the
proudest moments that I've ever experienced. These are wonderful young
Americans, and they have thrilled our
Nation. And we're all deeply grateful for
your tremendous achievements.
Immediately after the hockey game
between the United States and the Soviet
Union, I placed a call to Herb Brooks,
congratulated him and the team, told him
how proud we were of all of them, and
invited this group to come to the White
House. He said, "Mr. President, we've
got another game to play Sunday morning, and I can't promise that we'll come
until we see how that event goes." And I
said, "Well, if you can come, we'd certainly like for you to do so." [Laughter]
He said, "Well, after the Olympics are
over, I think there are some buses that will
be available at Lake Placid to bring us
to the White House." [Laughter] And I
said, "If you don't mind, Herb, I think
I'll send a couple of planes to pick you
up." [Laughter] So, here they are. And
we're very proud of them.
This has been a wonderful week for our
country. These young men and women
have performed magnificently, and as the
whole Nation knows, this group has won
as many medals as any Winter Olympic
team in history. But to the team, I would
like to say that, even more importantly,
you've conducted yourselves in the finest
traditions of our country and of the Olympic ideal. You've thrilled the entire world.
Eric Heiden's performance at these
winter games will be remembered for years
to come-when he won a gold medal for
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Feb. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
speed skating in the 500-meter, 1,000 -meter, 1,500-meter, 5,000-meter, and
10,000-meter races. I know from personal
experience how long a 10,000-meter race
is. [Laughter]
As all of you know, Eric Heiden will
take his place in Olympics history along
with greats like Jim Thorpe, Jesse Owens,
Mark Spitz, Nadia Comaneci, Jean
Claude Killy, and others who have distinguished themselves in an extraordinary
way.
The U.S. hockey team-their victory
was one of the most breathtaking upsets
not only in Olympic history but in the entire history of sport.
And I also want to congratulate the
other medal winners, who thrilled us with
their wonderful performance: Linda Fratianne-where is Linda? Leah Poulos
Mueller, who won two silver medals. This
is Linda Fratianne-isn't she beautiful?and Leah, with two silver medals.
And I would like to say that my heart
went out especially to Beth Heiden, who
did a tremendous job. And I think she
deserves an awful lot of credit. Beth?
To Charlie Tickner, who was introduced earlier. Charlie? Is he here? Beautiful performance.
And I'd like to say a special word about
Phil Mahre. His performance was particularly admirable because, as you well
know, less than a year ago he sustained a
crippling injury-on the same mountain,
as a matter of fact-and many of his doctors said that he might never ski again or
race again. What he accomplished in winning a silver medal represents vividly the
courage and the competition, dedication
of the Olympics in the finest possible way.
But medal or no medal, Phil would deserve our respect and our admiration just
for participating in this highly competitive
sport.
But for all of you, the measure of your
achievement is the effort and the dedication you gave to making a great team and
to giving it all you had. Glenn Job, Susan
Charlesworth, Al Ashton, Walter Malmquist, and everyone of you here today have
made Americans proud. That pride in
personal achievement and in honoring
the ideals of the Olympics, which you
share with your teammates, your coaches,
your families, and your fellow Americans,
is even more important than any medal.
Some people live their whole lives without ever devoting themselves to one major
attempt for achievement. It's hard for
them to appreciate what it means to get
up before dawn, year after year, when
others are still asleep, to be in training
when others are enjoying, themselves, to
endure pain and exhaustion and disappointment, to give not just your time and
energy but your entire self to achieving a
great goal.
To go through all of that personal sacrifice is indeed a great achievement. And
then to suffer an injury or some other
obstacle that eliminates from final competition is tough to accept. But to go
through that sacrifice and then have
chances dashed by something that really
has nothing to do with your own efforts
can be an even harder blow.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has
violated peace and the principles of the
Olympics. And it has caused us to make
a motion that the Olympics be moved or
postponed this summer. I intend to meet
soon with a representative group of our
summer athletes to talk to them about an
alternative world-class competition for
them this summer that does not harm
Olympic principles and will not harm future Olympic games.
We often hear it said that there are no
more heroes. We're all supposed to be too
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 25
sophisticated for the recognition of heroes.
But our Olympic athletes are heroes. They
endure long and brutal training schedules.
They make hard sacrifices, and so do their
families and their coaches. They do it to
reach their greatest potential, for themselves and for their country.
Today, on behalf of the American people, I salute not just the medal winners but
all the heroes who've worked so hard to
represent our country and to represent
themselves in the Olympic games.
Here also today are the officers of the
United States Olympic Committee, including another gold medal winner, Dr.
Tenley Albright. And I particularly want
to recognize another president, President
Robert Kane, who's been learning these
past few weeks about the responsibilities
of being a president and the hard decisions that presidents have to make.
[Laughter]
And I also want to take this opportunity to remind the American people that
the United States Olympic Committee depends for its funds, its money, on the
generosity of American citizens and
American businesses. In addition to training and selecting the U.S. Olympic team,
the U.S. Olympic Committee carries on
many other important and worthwhile
activities to support athletic excellence in
this country. An excellent way for all of
us to express our pride in our young
athletes is to continue and to increase our
financial and our moral support for the
U.S. Olympic Committee.
To these American athletes, to these
modern-day American heroes, I want to
express the gratitude, the admiration, the
congratulations, and the thanks of an
America which was thrilled by your performance at the Winter Olympics. God
bless every one of you. Thank you from
the bottom of my heart.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12: 10 p.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House.
Following the ceremony, the President and
Mrs. Carter hosted a luncheon and reception
for the athletes in the State Dining Room at
the White House.
Order of the American Hellenic
Educational Progressive
Association
Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the
Supreme Lodge. February 25, 1980
Today at noon, on the south entrance
to the White House, I welcomed 21 young
Americans, who walked up the stairs with
gold medals-[applause]-and they had
gold medals around their necks. And I
thought, as they walked up, wouldn't it
be wonderful if we have a permanent
Summer Olympic site in Greece.
How many of you know where AHEPA
was founded? More than 50 years ago,
this great organization was founded in
Georgia, and more than 50 years ago, I
started my own life in Georgia. I have to
admit that AHEPA made a much greater
impression on the Nation than did I[laughter]-but we have a lot in common.
And tonight I want to talk about a few
things that have been on my mind since I
found that I was going to be able to talk
to you tonight.
The English poet Shelley said, and I
quote from him: "We are all Greeks. Our
laws, our literature, our religion, our art
have their roots in Greece." There's even
more evidence that what Shelley said is
true today. The Greek concept of democratic government, of individual freedom
and responsibility has helped mold not
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Feb. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
only the world in which we live but the
world which someday we hope to build
together.
This is the eve of one of our great democratic traditions. The first primary
elections will be held tomorrow. This, in
our country, as you well know, is a family
affair. When I informed my mother confidentially back in 1975 that I was going
to run for President, her response, as you
may know, was, "President of what?"
[Laughter] She learned in a hurry, and
she spent a lot of time in New Hampshire
in 1976. [Laughter] And now she goes
back to visit her old friends 4 years later.
It's an important, integral part of our
political life. And as you well know, the
tradition of democratic elections was
born in Greece. This annual AHEPA dinner is another great democratic tradition.
Our Nation is made up-and I thank
God for it-of people from every corner
of the world, from every religious and
ethnic group. So our unity, our strength,
comes not from homogeneity, not from
the fact that we're all just alike, but because no matter how diverse or how different we are, one from another, we
strengthen our belief in freedom, in opportunity for all people, in the worth of
an individual human being, and in the
democratic principles which you honor
here tonight.
Many forces tend to fragment our Nation. These cause me, as President, great
concern. This is not a new problem. The
problem is as old as Thucydides, and the
danger too is the one about which he
wrote: While everyone looks out for one's
personal problems or personal needs, our
common cause may be lost. Recent world
events have shown us how precious democracy is, how precious human freedom
is, how dangerous is the world in which
we try to practice human freedom.
Soviet troops in Afghanistan at this moment attempt to subjugate a freedomloving and deeply religious people. And
this is a painful reminder of the period in
which we live. It also is a reminder of the
time shortly after World War II, when a
threat from the same source was of deep
concern to Greece and to the adjacent
countries. United States resolve, expressed in the Truman Doctrine, and the
unity of the Allies-my allies, your allies,
the allies of the people of Greece todayhalted that threat. And today, in a vastly
different world, United States resolve and
unity among Greece, the United States,
and other allies will help to preserve the
freedom and independence of human
beings and of nations which are threatened by subjugation.
I know how concerned all of you are
here tonight about Cyprus, and I share
this deep concern with you. We have been
disappointed that this dispute has not
been readily or easily or quickly resolved.
As soon as I became President, I sent
Clark Clifford as special emissary to go
to Greece, to go to Turkey and to Cyprus.
And since then our Secretary of State,
Deputy Secretary of State, our Vice
President, and myself have negotiated at
long hours with the Prime Minister of
Greece, the Prime Minister of Turkey, the
President of Cyprus, and other leaders on
that troubled island. We continue to make
concrete proposals for the settlement of
the difficult issues which deprive people of
their basic human rights.
As you know, neither the Cypriot leaders, who are Greeks or Turks, desire the
United States to be an active, publicly
acknowledged intermediary. But we continue to support, openly and privately, the
efforts of the Secretary-General of the
United Nations to bring together the two
disputing parties and to finally resolve
these issues. Agreement between them is
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 25
an essential element in a just and a lasting
settlement.
Although we are not wanted to intercede directly, either, between Turkey and
Greece, we are directly involved in discussions when asked. And we've been very
gratified in the last few days to learn that
both Turkey and Greece have finally resolved one of the most difficult issues affecting the Aegean Sea area, and that is
concerning civil aviation. And we hope
that this progress, although slow and
although fumbling and although sometimes not certain, will now spread to other
issues. And we see encouraging signs
about this in recent weeks.
Not related directly to these issues, we
support the reintegration of Greek armed
forces into the NATO military command.
We seek to strengthen our own defense
agreements with the nation of Greece, our
long-time, staunch ally in a critical area.
As you know, and to repeat the first
comment I made, I will continue to lead
the efforts of our own country and of
others to secure a permanent home for
the Summer Olympics in Greece. Your
president, Nick Smyrnis, was in the group
that went, along with some of my other
close friends, to Greece to bring back the
torches from Mount Olympus for the
Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. This is
the first time that that flame had ever
been brought from Greece to the United
States.
Prime Minister Karamanlis arranged
for our U.S. delegation to visit a proposed
site. And he sent me a map, by one of my
chief aides, of the area around Olympia
where he proposes that 8,000 or more
acres be dedicated permanently to the
International Olympic Committee for
these permanent facilities. Such a move
would return the games to their homeland, where they belong, and would help
to restore the true spirit of individual
athletic excellence and friendly competition for which the Olympic games were
revived back in 1896.
I think all of you realize that the Olympic games this summer should not be held
in Moscow, because Russia is an invading
nation. To do so would violate those very
principles of peace and of brotherhood
and of nonpolitical alignment of those
who participate in the games-exactly the
kind of defects that would be corrected
with a permanent site established as I've
just described.
As an American, as a President, I realize from the history of our country that
Greeks came very early to America, to the
benefit of all other Americans. The first
house, as you know, restored in Williamsburg belonged to a Greek-born friend of
both Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin
Franklin.
Many more Greeks came later, seeking
opportunity and freedom, as did the ancestors of many other Americans. Perhaps
no other group, however, found opportunity to build their dreams so quickly as
did our Greek immigrants, through their
hard work, the practicals which they
brought with them, and their courage
and dedication.
Greeks coming here in the early 20th
century, for instance, among 23 different
ethnic groups, ranked 18th in educational
achievement when they arrived. Yet by
the 1970 census, no ethnic group surpassed Greek Americans born in this country in their level of education. It's no
accident that one-third of all the Rhodes
scholars in the Congress today-[laughter]-two out of six, as you know-happen
to be Greek Americans: Senator Sarbanes and Congressman Brademas. I don't
know what happened to the other Greek
Congressmen-[laughter]-but they, like
I, are continuing our own education in
politics.
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Feb. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This rapid rise in educational achievement was not an accident; it was not a
statistical aberration. It reflects the Greek
American's love of learning, strong sense
of family, and concern for young people.
The church has also played a central role
in preserving your cultural heritage, while
strengthening family life, love of the
young, and deep awareness of obligations
to improve ourselves and to help others.
You also grew up with an awareness,
because of your own heritage, that education was not just something that one
learns at college but the ongoing process
of a lifetime of study and experience and
the sharing of trials and tribulations, challenge, achievement, accomplishments,
with others whom we love.
You learned very early in life, because
you had to, the satisfaction of doing a
good job, even when it meant a lot of
drudgery; of surmounting obstacles, not
alone, but together; and sharing the joys
and the laughter of everyday life.
Like many of you, after military service
I returned home to the community of my
father, and we established a business. It
wasn't easy. The first year my partner,
Rosalynn, and I had a total income of
less than $200. But we continued to work
and to learn and to share as a family.
And that mutual achievement was the
basis for the progress that we later made.
Our Nation's founders never promised
us that freedom would be easy or comfortable, or that opportunity would ever come
without sacrifice. They believed, as you
and I believe, that our freedom and our
opportunity are worth the price, that the
weight of responsibility is infinitely lighter
than would be the weight of oppression.
As I talk to you tonight, our Nation
is faced with international dangers that
are both serious and complex. They impose on you and me an additional bur
den of responsibility and an additional
need to assess our own strengths, to
achieve unity of purpose, and not to violate the principles which have been the
guiding light for our own lives and for
the lives of our ancestors.
Fifty-three innocent Americans are
now being held captive, illegally, at this
moment, deprived of their freedom. But
there is not a single American who is not
aware of their plight and deeply concerned about their lives and, equally important, about their freedom. Though we
are increasingly hopeful that their long
ordeal may soon be over, there is no certainty about it. They will never be forgotten.
And I think it's a tribute to our country and to our principles that we do have
220 million Americans deeply concerned
about 50 human beings, not famous human beings, but American human beings. It's a test of our priorities, and it's
a test of our commitment to basic human
rights.
Soviet troops are still in Afghanistan,
a diametrically opposite kind of philosophy being exerted by military force in
an attempt to stamp out freedom, with a
callous disregard for human life. The
United States has responded to these
challenges with firmness, with restraint,
and with resolve. Unlike our adversaries,
we've acted as responsible members of
the international community, basing our
actions on international law.
Every action we've taken has protected
our Nation's interests and principles and
has enhanced the prospect for peace. We
are winning support from other countries
because we are doing the right thing, and
the world knows it. As the President of a
strong and peace-loving people, I have
sought peace in every way open to me.
I've sought peace not through weakness,
but through strength.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
Americans have indeed been tested under fire, and we've passed the test. We've
stood up for individual human rights and
for the right of nations to be free and
independent.
As President, I have had to make some
very difficult decisions that involve sacrifices now and which will involve sacrifices
in the years to come. We do face challenges, and we do face dangers. But also
we face opportunities in this country
which are unparalleled in history. If we
keep our country strong, if we continue to
meet each challenge with courage and
with conviction, if we can preserve the
peace, we may at last see, throughout the
world, the hungry fed, the ignorant know
the truth, the sick healed, and a world
built where all people have freedom and
justice and opportunity.
Like Plato, we Americans seek a perfect
world which we see in our dreams. We
are disappointed that we have not yet
built that perfect world for our children
and for others. Yet all around us is evidence that tyranny and oppression can
be changed to freedom. The ancient ideals
of Greece-the spirit of liberty, the love
of learning, the urge for independence
survive in the human breast despite all
that despots can do.
The eager immigrants, like your parents and grandparents and like my parents and grandparents, continue to come
here to this country, fleeing persecution,
seeking opportunity, proving that in the
United States of America, freedom and
democracy are now and will always be
a beacon of hope in a hungry and desperate world.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:02 p.m. in
the Sheraton Ballroom at the Sheraton-Park
Hotel.
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Editors and News Directors.
February 25, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the first thing I
want to do is to welcome you to the
White House. Since I've been living here
and serving here, this is the 53d meeting
I've had with the editors and broadcasters from outside the Washington area, in
addition to the press conferences and other
encounters I've had with the press here in
Washington.
I would like to just describe two or
three major items of concern to me here
at the moment and then spend the rest of
the time answering your questions about
any issue which you want to raise.
ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
Domestically, the most significant challenge that I face is the high inflation rate,
which is attributable in a major degree
to the fact that after all these years we
still do not have a comprehensive energy
policy. And even after we've reached a
crisis stage in energy supplies and inflation, the three major bills that will help
to resolve this issue are still languishing
in congressional conference committees.
We hope that the Congress will be encouraged to pass this legislation expeditiously, but so far the action of the Congress has been very disappointing.
Secondly, we're dealing on a continuing basis with the problem of our hostages
being held in Tehran. This criminal act
continues at this very moment, as you
know, with 53 innocent Americans being
held against their will and against every
provision of international law and international diplomatic propriety. We're
doing the best we can to resolve this
crisis. I think it's important that we be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
calm and persistent, dealing with almost
insurmountable obstacles with patience.
My assessment is the American people
have been remarkably united in backing
me in this effort.
One day is obviously too long. But I
think that there have been some encouraging developments recently, with the
election of a government in Iran-at least
the President-and also with the arrival
there of the international commission
established under the aegis of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. They
have begun their meetings now, and we
hope that this will be a step toward resolving the crisis.
The other issue, of course, is the protection of our interests in Southwest Asia.
We've tried, in every case that I've
described, all three cases, to marshal as
broad a base of international support for
the American position as possible. Often
in the past, in international affairs, in
times of crisis, our Nation has stood almost alone in meeting those challenges.
I think at this time, in these issues, we are
remarkably supported by our own allies,
by nonaligned countries, and by the less
developed countries of the world, who in
the past have not been at our shoulder
when we've had to meet these kind of
challenges.
We don't know how soon we'll be able
to resolve any of these problems-inflation, energy, hostages, Soviet aggression
in Afghanistan-but we are acting in a
persistent fashion, a clear fashion, an
open fashion, an understandable fashion.
We're getting as much unified support in
our own country as possible, and support
from around the world. Every action that
I've taken has been designed toward
peace and toward the resolution of these
problems with peaceful means.
We are acting through strength, from
a position of strength. And I am con
vinced that we can only maintain peace
for our country as a strong nation, with
our strength recognized here in this country, by our allies and by others, including
our potential adversaries.
There are obviously many other issues
on which you might want to predicate
your questions. I'll be glad to answer
them.
QUESTIONS
SOVIET INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
Q. Mr. President, considering the level
of rhetoric that we've heard both from
the Soviet Union and from the U.S., especially following Afghanistan, I think
this frightens a good many people, in that
we know that conventional war can become nuclear war very easily. Can you
point to any specific steps that you have
taken in this time to ensure that diplomatic channels remain open and active
so that there aren't misinterpretations
that cause this to escalate beyond where
it should be?
THE PRESIDENT. I would say about
half the international conflicts in history,
in recorded history, have been caused by
a misjudgment on the part of a potential
aggressor nation concerning the reaction
of other countries or peoples. We've tried
to make our position very clear. We've
not acted unilaterally except through
economic sanctions.
We had political, economic, and military action as options open to us, to me.
Our grain embargo, the termination of
the sale of high technology equipment,
other similar actions to put more restraints on commerce with the Soviet Union have been clear, unequivocal, and
well understood. We've had good support among our allies in this respect. Politically, we've acted through the United
Nations. And I think that you notice that
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Feb. 26
103 other countries joined us in the condemnation of the Soviets' action and the
call for the Soviets to withdraw their invading forces from Afghanistan.
We have not been the leaders, but we
have certainly approved and encouraged,
whenever appropriate, regional action of
a similar nature. Thirty-four countries
assembled themselves in IslamabadMoslem countries-and they voted unanimously, in much stronger terms than
the U.N. used, to condemn the Soviets
and to demand the withdrawal of Soviet
troops. Some of these countries were
either subservient to or heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union for economic
and military aid.
We've been persistent in not yielding
our position as events proceeded. I think
the Soviets made a serious miscalculation,
not only in our own actions and the world
reaction but also in the intensity with
which the freedom-loving people of Afghanistan have resisted the Soviet domination.
The Soviets continue to build up their
troop placements in Afghanistan. They
only control, really, most of the major
highways and some of the major cities.
They've been, I'm sure, very unpleasantly
surprised at the refusal of most of the
Afghan military forces to cooperate with
the Soviets. A lot of them have defected,
taken their weapons with them, and are
now opposed to the Soviet Union. There's
been a substantial loss of life, both among
the military and civilian population of
Afghanistan and also among the Soviet
invaders.
We don't want to return to the cold
war; we don't want to have a confrontation with the Soviet Union. But it's imperative that we make it clear that we will
protect American interests in Southwest
Asia. We would like for the Soviets to
withdraw. We certainly did not precipitate the incident in Afghanistan. We
played no role at all, now or in the past,
that would cause any concern to the Soviet
Union about their own security.
So, the Soviets have tried to mislead the
world; they have failed. They have tried
to invade a country and subjugate it
quickly, but they have failed. And in my
opinion, the best thing that we can do is
to remain firm, united, peaceful, persistent, clear in what our position is. And I
believe that's the best way to encourage
peace and to enhance the peace that we
already have maintained.
WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS
Q. Mr. President, to get back to your
domestic concerns, we had very discouraging reports at the end of last week, resulting in a flurry of suggestions or pleas
again for mandatory price controls and
wage controls. Your views are well known.
Is there anything that you're seeing now
that is causing you to review your previously stated position on mandatoryTHE PRESIDENT. No, I don't see any
prospect at all of my supporting mandatory wage and price controls. I think it
would be counterproductive. I think history has shown that it has never worked
except during a time of intense crisis when
the very existence of our Nation was
threatened-through, for instance, the
Second World War. I think it would precipitate a wild escalation in existing inflation.
As you all, I'm sure, understand, the
President at this time has no authority to
impose wage and price controls even if it
was desired, which it is not. The Congress
would have to go through the entire process of holding hearings, with long
delays, with inevitable filibusters in the
Senate, before wage and price legislation
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Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
could possibly be passed. During that entire process, when the business community
and labor could anticipate a possibility of
mandatory wage and price controls, they
would undoubtedly escalate their wages
and prices in preparation for the mandatory imposition of controls.
So, I don't see any possibility of my
supporting any move toward mandatory
wage and price controls. There are other
things that we can do. We are assessing
a wide gamut of possibilities, and we're
doing it very carefully and very cautiously.
I would like to point out that the basic
principles that we've espoused and the
basic policies that we've espoused suit me
fine; the tuning of those and the enhancement of those is something that we intend
to do.
1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Q. Mr. President, did any of the Olympic athletes that you met with today ask
you if there is any way around the boycott
of the summer games? And secondly, do
you think that domestic support for you
will wane at all as the dates of the Olympics near?
THE PRESIDENT. Immediately after the
Soviet-American hockey match the other
night, I called Herb Brooks, the coach of
the U.S. Olympic team, and congratulated
him and then told him how proud the
Americans were of their victory. His first
response was, "Mr. President, we want
you to know that we stand firmly with you
in your attitude toward the Olympics
games not being held in Moscow this
summer."
I can't claim that Herb Brooks speaks
for the entire American Olympic team,
but I do believe that the overwhelming
support that I've so far seen in America
will not wane for our refusal to go to the
Olympics in Moscow, the Soviets being
an invading nation against Afghanistan.
We have seen no evidence at all that the
Soviets are contemplating withdrawal of
their troops; on the contrary, because of
unanticipated opposition, their troop
levels are being built up.
I am going to pursue aggressivelyalready am-the holding of international,
quality, alternate games. I'll be meeting in
the near future with some advisers on how
to put together this effort, and will also be
meeting, by the way, with some representative members of the Summer Olympics
team, although we don't know their identities specifically yet.
But I believe the Americans will support this alternative effort. I do not believe, under any circumstances, that
Americans would support our going to
the Moscow Olympics this summer.
INFLATION
Q. You met with your economic advisers last night. Are you coming up with
some type of a solution to the high interest rates and the inflation problem
we're seeing?
THE PRESIDENT. It would be misleading for me to tell any of you that there
is a solution to it. As you know, this is
a worldwide, all-pervasive problem, with
oil prices having been increased almost
100 percent during the last 13 or 14
months. Some countries suffer inflation
rates much greater than our own; for instance, Israel, I think, the inflation rate
is more than 100 percent per year. We're
dealing with the problem with every possible means.
I have been disappointed that the Congress has not acted. For instance, hospital
cost containment legislation should be
passed by the Congress in the strictest
possible fashion. It would help to lower
the inflation rate substantially. Our having a clear national energy policy would
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
help us to move away from excessive dependence on foreign oil and would send
a clear signal that, I think, would have
an immediate moderating impact on international prices set by OPEC, over
which we have no direct control.
We have had a tightly restrained budget. We have slashed the deficit down substantially. We've lowered the number of
Federal employees 20,000 below what
they were when I came here. We are enhancing research and development to
give us a long-range approach to the inflation problem. We've held down unemployment, have added a net of 9 million new jobs in the Nation since I've
been in office. And we'll take other steps
as appropriate.
One of the reasons for the meeting last
night was to go down again the long list
of possible options open to us. And we'll
assess those, as we have been in the past,
and take action as necessary.
But in general, I would say that our
policies are sound. We are caught up in
circumstances over which we have very
little control. Mandatory wage and price
controls are out of the question for me.
We'll take other action as we determine
it to be appropriate.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX SYSTEM
Q. Mr. President, the Northern States,
from roughly Maine to Minnesota, send
about $35 billion more tax money to
Washington than comes back in Federal
spending. Do you plan any particular
policy to either change your tax policy,
for example, indexing inflation below the
cost-of-living differences, or in spending
policy, such as closing military bases only
in one section of the country, which is
about 87 percent of them in the South
or West, and expanding them in the
North? Anything like that of a major sort
you would try to equalize the balancebecause it does amount to about $350 per
person?
THE PRESIDENT. No. The only feasible
solution to that would be to lower the per
capita income in the North and to increase it in other parts of the country[laughter]-which is a proposal that I
have no intention of adopting.
But as you know, the income tax system
is designed to derive revenue for the Federal Government, depending on the level
of income of the people who are taxed.
And most of the Federal programs, not all
of them, are designed to give assistance
on a per capita basis, with most of the aid
going to the very low income people.
Q. The problem is there's not an adjustment for cost-of-living differences, Mr.
President, in those per capita figures. And
while, for instance, New York or Boston
may have incomes that are 5 percent
above the national average, their cost of
living is 16 or 15 percent above. So, it's
really not well balanced.
THE PRESIDENT. I know. I can't claim
to you that that has been accomplished. I
see no feasible way to do it. It may be theoretically equitable to make, for instance,
certain kinds of payments for social security to be higher in one community than
the other. But the bureaucratic maze required to determine how to allot a different level of social security payments for
each recipient, depending on their particular cost of living, would be, I think,
impossible to surmount.
Also, as you know, within a certain community, like New York City, you would
have a wide diversity of costs among
people in different communities within
New York City.
Another thing is that you have to remember, the poorer the person is, the less
likely they are to be able to purchase bargains, because they're not mobile and
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Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
they quite often can't shop around. Their
credit rating, their flexibility, their ability
to buy bargains off-season and save them
until they're actually needed are much
less, because they live hand-to-mouth, you
might say, than a wealthy person, who
can shop around for a bargain on an automobile or a home or clothing, and so forth.
So, I don't think it would be possible to
do what you've suggested.
SOVIET AGGRESSION
Q. Mr. President, in accordance with
history, Turkey was never a true ally of
any country. What guarantees do you
have, in the event the Soviet Union invades Iran, that Turkey will become a
shield for the Western World and will not
join the Soviet Union?
THE PRESIDENT. What we've tried to
do so far is not to prepare for an inevitable conflict, but to take action to prevent
a confrontation with the Soviet Union. I
think that the surest way to prevent further aggression by the Soviets is to let them
know that their present aggression into
Afghanistan has been counterproductive,
that they have suffered serious consequences, and that the world is aroused
against the Soviet Union's action in a very
clear and unmistakable way.
The first line of defense for any prevention of aggression is within a nation
itself. And we want to have, for instance,
Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and other countries to be united, to be filled with the
spirit of resistance and independence, to
be free of unwarranted subversion that
might bring down an established government, to be secure in their own military
capability. And that would be the first
line of defense.
The second line of defense for people
in that region would be a community of
nations-perhaps, for instance, the Mos
lem nations who assembled in Islamabad-to pledge each other their support.
And of course, the third level of defense
would be from countries like our own, who
have vital interests in the Persian Gulf
region and who would be there, available
to help, if necessary, to prevent aggression.
As I said in my last press conference, we
would not yield to the Soviets the choice
of either terrain or tactics. We would not
let the Soviets choose a particular place
for a response to aggression to be mounted. And we would not let them determine
the tactics to be used in resisting their future aggression. But we let the Turks and
the Iranians and the Pakistanis know that
if they need our help, then that help is
available.
Now, as you know, we don't have a
relationship with Iran that would permit
continued assistance. But my hope is that
Iran will be united, free, independent,
secure, and would not be subject to interference in their internal affairs from any
country. I think this kind of approach is
the best guarantee not to have conflict,
and to preserve the peace.
LEBANON; U.S. BASES IN PERSIAN
GULF AREA
Q. Mr. President, Senator Jackson recently suggested that this country work
together with Israel and Egpyt to provide bases and military support to secure the Persian Gulf area. Is the Government planning to do this? And would
you also comment on recent reports that
the Soviet Union has delivered 60 tanks,
as well as other military equipment, to
the Palestinian terrorists in southern
Lebanon?
THE PRESIDENT. We don't have any
evidence of that delivery of tanks to the
Palestinian terrorists in southern Leba
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
non, but I can't certify that they have not
delivered some tanks.
Secondly, we've not had any offer by
either country of a U.S. base on their own
territory. We have had offers of the use of
facilities. For instance, during the recent
crisis, when we were moving our sea forces
into the Gulf of Arabia, we did use
Egyptian facilities for some of our observation planes and other Air Force units.
The Israelis have offered us the use of
their facilities in Haifa for some of our
naval forces. There have been occasions
when the Israelis offered us the use of
Egyptian bases, and perhaps vice versa.
But I think that all of the countries, including Israel and the Arab countries,
would not want American bases to be
established on their own territory, because this has the connotation of American sovereignty there. We do have some
bases around the world, as you know,
based on our controlling that actual territory.
But an alternative that's adequate for us
is to have the right, through prior agreement, to use facilities for planes or ships,
and this is what we are exploring in that
region. Three nations that you didn't
mention, by the way, would be Kenya and
Oman and Somalia. But to establish a socalled American base with an implied
sovereignty over an area of land, even
though it would just encompass a military
base, is something that we are not exploring.
Q. So, you feel that you already have
that use of facilities from Egypt and
Israel?
THE PRESIDENT. We are developing
that use of facilities in several countries
in that region, including the ones I've just
named, but not as a military base. We do
have the offer from Israel and Egypt to
use their facilities when necessary in time
of crisis.
SOVIET GRAIN EMBARGO
Q. Mr. President, Vice President Mondale came to Iowa before the Iowa caucuses and said that Iowa farmers would
not be left "holding the bag"-was the
phrase he used-because of the grain
embargo. And I'm just wondering if you
can give me anything to take back to
Iowa about further actions that might be
taken to hold to that pledge.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, when Vice President Mondale and Secretary Bergland
and other members of my Cabinet and my
family came to Iowa after we imposed the
grain embargo against the Soviet Union,
they gave that pledge. Subsequently, as
you know, the U.S. Government assumed
the responsibility of purchasing grain in
fairly large quantities and providing CCC
[Commodity Credit Corporation] loans
where the farmers had difficulty marketing their grain at the so-called country
elevators.
After that we had normal market developments that caused fluctuations, both
up and down, in grain prices, both feed
grain and food grains. One of the developments was a prediction of a much
higher yield this year than we had anticipated, because of good winter weather. That ordinarily depresses the price
and did somewhat. Another development
was that worldwide markets would be
provided with higher levels of grain supplies than we had anticipated from other
countries. That also has a tendency to
depress the market.
But in my opinion we have seen the
adverse impact of the grain embargo eliminated. I might point out that in January our total shipments of grain from
American ports exceeded the shipments
from American ports in January of 1979,
in spite of the embargo this year. And we
anticipate that this year we'll have a
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Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
higher level of exports of grain than we
did last year, which set world records for
grain exports, as did the previous year.
We will constantly monitor the question
of price-support levels, target-support
levels, storage capability, and storage payments on farms, and also try to enhance
the sale of American grain to compensate
for the loss of sales to the Soviet Union.
And in the entire gamut of agriculture
policy, we will constantly remember the
impact of the embargo, on the Midwestern farmers primarily, because they were
the ones primarily affected on both corn
and wheat.
Another thing that we've done is to
accentuate our effort to sell grain to our
previous customers at a higher levelMexico, Japan-and to open up new
markets, like in China.
So, we are making every effort to make
sure that no one suffers in an inordinate
way. But I have to say that all Americans,
either through paying taxes to finance the
higher expenditures in agriculture or
otherwise, are required to share in some
level of sacrifice to meet the Soviet threat.
Ms. BARIO. Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
NOTE: The interview began at 2:01 p.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia Y.
Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary.
The transcript of the interview was released on February 26.
United States Railway
Association
Nomination of Stephen Berger To Be
Chairman of the Board of Directors.
February 26, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Stephen Berger, of New
York City, to be Chairman of the Board
of Directors of the United States Railway Association for a 6-year term. He
would replace W. K. Smith, resigned.
Berger has been a professor of public
administration at New York University's
Graduate School of Public Administration since 1977. He has also been president of his own management consulting
firm since 1970, specializing in public and
municipal finance.
He was born July 11, 1939, in New
York City. He received a B.A. from
Brandeis University in 1960. He served in
the U.S. Army in 1962.
From 1964 to 1969, Berger was executive assistant to Congressman Jonathan
B. Bingham. From 1972 to 1973, he was
executive director of the New York State
Study Commission on New York City,
and from 1973 to 1974, he was a consultant to the Commission on Critical Choices
for Americans.
In 1975 Berger served as director of
the New York State Planning Agency
and as a commissioner of the New York
Social Services Commission. From 1976
to 1977, he was executive director of New
York State's Emergency Financial Control Board.
Berger is a member of the board of
the New York State Metropolitan Transportation Authority and chairman of the
Finance Committee.
District of Columbia Commission
on Judicial Disabilities
and Tenure
Appointment of Vincent H. Cohen as a
Member. February 26, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of Vincent H. Cohen, of Washington, D.C., as a member of the District
392
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
of Columbia Commission on Judicial Disabilities and Tenure. He replaces Henry
Berliner, Jr., resigned.
Cohen, 43, has been with the Washington firm of Hogan & Hartson since 1969
and has been a partner since 1972. He is
on the board of trustees of the Public Defender Service and the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Under Law. He is
a member of the Justinian Law Society
and the National Conference of Black
Lawyers.
Occupational Safety and Health
Programs for Federal Employees
Executive Order 12196. February 26,1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, including
Section 7902(c) of Title 5 of the United
States Code and in accord with Section 19
of the Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970, as amended (29 U.S.C. 668),
it is ordered:
1-1. Scope of this Order.
1-101. This order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch except military personnel and uniquely military
equipment, systems, and operations.
1-102. For the purposes of this order,
the term "agency" means an Executive
department, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101,
or any employing unit or authority of the
Federal government, other than those of
the judicial and legislative branches. Since
section 19 of the Occupational Safety and
Health Act ("the Act") covers all Federal employees, however, the Secretary of
Labor ("the Secretary") shall cooperate
and consult with the heads of agencies in
the legislative and judicial branches of
the government to help them adopt safety
and health programs.
1-2. Heads of Agencies.
1-201. The head of each agency shall:
(a) Furnish to employees places and
conditions of employment that are free
from recognized hazards that are causing
or are likely to cause death or serious
physical harm.
(b) Operate an occupational safety
and health program in accordance with
the requirements of this order and basic
program elements promulgated by the
Secretary.
(c) Designate an agency official with
sufficient authority to represent the interest and support of the agency head to be
responsible for the management and administration of the agency occupational
safety and health program.
(d) Comply with all standards issued
under section 6 of the Act, except where
the Secretary approves compliance with
alternative standards. When an agency
head determines it necessary to apply a
different standard, that agency head shall,
after consultation with appropriate occupational safety and health committees
where established, notify the Secretary and
provide justification that equivalent or
greater protection will be assured by the
alternate standard.
(e) Assure prompt abatement of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions.
Whenever an agency cannot promptly
abate such conditions, it shall develop an
abatement plan setting forth a timetable
for abatement and a summary of interim
steps to protect employees. Employees exposed to the conditions shall be informed
of the provisions of the plan. When a
hazard cannot be abated without assistance of the General Services Administration or other Federal lessor agency, an
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Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
agency shall act with the lessor agency to
secure abatement.
(f) Establish procedures to assure that
no employee is subject to restraint, interference, coercion, discrimination or reprisal for filing a report of an unsafe or
unhealthy working condition, or other
participation in agency occupational safety and health program activities.
(g) Assure that periodic inspections of
all agency workplaces are performed by
personnel with equipment and competence to recognize hazards.
(h) Assure response to employee reports of hazardous conditions and require
inspections within twenty-four hours for
imminent dangers, three working days for
potential serious conditions, and twenty
working days for other conditions. Assure
the right to anonymity of those making
the reports.
(i) Assure that employee representatives accompany inspections of agency
workplaces.
(j) Operate an occupational safety
and health management information system, which shall include the maintenance
of such records as the Secretary may
require.
(k) Provide safety and health training
for supervisory employees, employees responsible for conducting occupational
safety and health inspections, all members
of occupational safety and health committees where established, and other
employees.
(I) Submit to the Secretary an annual
report on the agency occupational safety
and health program that includes information the Secretary prescribes.
1-3. Occupational Safety and Health
Committees.
1-301. Agency heads may establish occupational safety and health committees.
If committees are established, they shall
be established at both the national level
and, for agencies with field or regional
offices, other appropriate levels. The committees shall be composed of representatives of management and an equal number of nonmanagement employees or their
representatives. Where there are exclusive
bargaining representatives for employees
at the national or other level in an agency,
such representatives shall select the appropriate nonmanagement members of the
committee.
1-302. The committees shall, except
where prohibited by law,
(a) Have access to agency information
relevant to their duties, including information on the nature and hazardousness
of substances in agency workplaces.
(b) Monitor performance, including
agency inspections, of the agency safety
and health programs at the level they are
established.
(c) Consult and advise the agency on
the operation of the program.
1-303. A Committee may request the
Secretary of Labor to conduct an evaluation or inspection pursuant to this order
if half of a Committee is not substantially satisfied with an agency's response to
a report of hazardous working conditions.
1-4. Department of Labor.
1-401. The Secretary of Labor shall:
(a) Provide leadership and guidance
to the heads of agencies to assist them
with their occupational safety and health
responsibilities.
(b) Maintain liaison with the Office of
Management and Budget in matters relating to this order and coordinate the
activities of the Department with those
of other agencies that have responsibilities
or functions related to Federal employee
safety and health, including the Office of
Personnel Management, the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare, and
the General Services Administration.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
(c) Issue, subject to the approval of the
Director of the Office of Management
and Budget, and in consultation with the
Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, a set of basic
program elements. The program elements
shall help agency heads establish occupational safety and health committees and
operate effective occupational safety and
health programs, and shall provide flexibility to each agency head to implement
a program consistent with its mission, size
and organization. Upon request of an
agency head, and after consultation with
the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, the Secretary
may approve alternate program elements.
(d) Prescribe recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(e) Assist agencies by providing training materials, and by conducting training
programs upon request and with reimbursement.
(f) Facilitate the exchange of ideas and
information throughout the government
about occupational safety and health.
(g) Provide technical services to agencies upon request, where the Secretary
deems necessary, and with reimbursement. These services may include studies
of accidents, causes of injury and illness,
identification of unsafe and unhealthful
working conditions, and means to abate
hazards.
(h) Evaluate the occupational safety
and health programs of agencies and
promptly submit reports to the agency
heads. The evaluations shall be conducted through such scheduled headquarters or field reviews, studies or inspections as the Secretary deems necessary, at
least annually for the larger or more
hazardous agencies or operations, and as
the Secretary deems appropriate for the
smaller or less hazardous agencies.
(i) Conduct unannounced inspections
of agency workplaces when the Secretary
determines necessary if an agency does
not have occupational safety and health
committees; or in response to reports of
unsafe or unhealthful working conditions,
upon request of occupational safety and
health committees under Section 1-3; or,
in the case of a report of an imminent
danger, when such a committee has not
responded to an employee who has alleged to it that the agency has not adequately responded to a report as required
in 1-201 (h). When the Secretary or his
designee performs an inspection and discovers unsafe or unhealthy conditions, a
violation of any provisions of this order,
or any safety or health standards adopted
by an agency pursuant to this order, or
any program element approved by the
Secretary, he shall promptly issue a report
to the head of the agency and to the
appropriate occupational safety and
health committee, if any. The report shall
describe the nature of the findings and
may make recommendations for correcting the violation.
(j) Submit to the President each year a
summary report of the status of the occupational safety and health of Federal employees, and, together with agency
responses, evaluations of individual
agency progress and problems in correcting unsafe and unhealthful working conditions, and recommendations for improving their performance.
(k) Submit to the President unresolved
disagreements between the Secretary and
agency heads, with recommendations.
(1) Enter into agreements or other arrangements as necessary or appropriate
with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and delegate to
it the inspection and investigation authority provided under this section.
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Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1-5. The Federal Advisory Council on
Occupational Safety and Health.
1-501. The Federal Advisory Council
on Occupational Safety and Health, established pursuant to Executive Order
No. 11612, is continued. It shall advise
the Secretary in carrying out responsibilities under this order. The Council shall
consist of sixteen members appointed by
the Secretary, of whom eight shall be representatives of Federal agencies and eight
shall be representatives of labor organizations representing Federal employees. The
members shall serve three-year terms with
the terms of five or six members expiring
each year, provided this Council is renewed every two years in accordance with
the Federal Advisory Committee Act.
The members currently serving on the
Council shall be deemed to be its initial
members under this order and their terms
shall expire in accordance with the terms
of their appointment.
1-502. The Secretary, or a designee,
shall serve as the Chairman of the Council, and shall prescribe rules for the conduct of its business.
1-503. The Secretary shall make available necessary office space and furnish the
Council necessary equipment, supplies,
and staff services, and shall perform such
functions with respect to the Council as
may be required by the Federal Advisory
Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C.
App. I).
1-6. General Services Administration.
1-601. Within six months of the effective date of this order the Secretary of
Labor and the Administrator of the General Services Administration shall initiate
a study of conflicts that may exist in their
standards and other requirements affecting Federal employee safety and health,
and shall establish a procedure for resolv
ing conflicting standards for space leased
by the General Services Administration.
1-602. In order to assist the agencies
in carrying out their duties under Section
19 of the Act and this order the Administrator shall:
(a) Upon request, require personnel of
the General Services Administration to
accompany the Secretary or an agency
head on any inspection or investigation
conducted pursuant to this order of a
facility subject to the authority of the
General Services Administration.
(b) Assure prompt attention to reports from agencies of unsafe or unhealthy
conditions of facilities subject to the authority of the General Services Administration; where abatement cannot be
promptly effected, submit to the agency
head a timetable for action to correct the
conditions; and give priority in the allocation of resources available to the Administrator for prompt abatement of the
conditions.
(c) Procure and provide safe supplies,
devices, and equipment, and establish and
maintain a product safety program for
those supplies, devices, equipment and
services furnished to agencies, including
the issuance of Material Safety Data
Sheets when hazardous substances are
furnished them.
1-7. General Provisions.
1-701. Employees shall be authorized
official time to participate in the activities
provided for by this order.
1-702. Nothing in this order shall be
construed to impair or alter the powers
and duties of the Secretary or heads of
other Federal agencies pursuant to Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and
Health Act of 1970, Chapter 71 of Title 5
of the United States Code, Sections 7901,
7902, and 7903 of Title 5 of the United
States Code, nor shall it be construed to
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
alter any other provisions of law or Executive Order providing for collective bargaining agreements and related procedures, or affect the responsibilities of the
Director of Central Intelligence to protect
intelligence sources and methods (50
U.S.C. 403(d)(3)).
1-703. Executive Order No. 11807 of
September 28, 1974, is revoked.
1-704. This order is effective July 1,
1980.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 26, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:39 a.m., February 26, 1980]
National Governors' Association
Toast at a White House Dinner Honoring
Governors Attending the Association's Winter
Session. February 26, 1980
Again, I would like to say that
Rosalynn and I are extremely pleased to
have you with us tonight. Fritz and Joan
join us in the welcome.
It's been difficult for me to keep my
mind on the events of the evening.
[Laughter] As Brendan Byrne 1 said when
we came in, he won't be able to relax
until he knows who won tonight.
[Laughter] As you know, Penn and
Princeton are playing for the Ivy League
championship. [Laughter]
This is the fourth year that we've been
honored by having the Governors of our
States come to be our guests here at the
White House and to spend a few days,
as you know, in Washington with my
Cabinet, with my staff members, and with
Members of the Congress, discussing the
major issues of our country. This is a time
1 Governor of New Jersey.
of rapid change, not only for our own
Nation but for the entire world. And the
closeness with which we have dealt with
these major issues is an extremely gratifying thing for me.
I'm the first President who was a Governor since Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
And I think that that base of common
experience has really stood me in good
stead, not only in my own responsibilities
as President in an isolated fashion but in
being able to turn to you, individually on
many occasions and collectively on almost every major issue, to discuss as full
partners the present and the future circumstances in our country-the quality
of Americans' lives, how to deal with
domestic and foreign issues, how to meet
difficult challenges, overcome obstacles,
answer questions. I have been very deeply
reassured and grateful to have you as my
partners.
We do face many difficult challenges
as executive officers of our States and territories and of this country, but I think
the most reassuring thing of all is to recognize the insurance that we have.
Sometimes we make mistakes; sometimes
we delay a difficult decision; sometimes
we have to change our position. And the
fallibility of human leaders is always of
deep concern, particularly to those leaders themselves. But there's an underlying
stability and an underlying strength and
an underlying unity in this country which
we lead, which corrects our mistakes and
repairs our errors and lets our Nation progress in spite of our human fallibilities.
In my opinion, our country rallies and
shows its finest moments at a time of
crisis. And during this last 3 or 4 months,
there's been a remarkable absence of
partisanship and a remarkable presence
of common purpose and inspiration and
unity.
397
4I ~~~- -- - -~- - -- - - -- -
Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Our Nation stands for what is right and
what is clean and what is decent. Our
Nation is a world leader. There is no way
to avoid that responsibility. And other
countries, no matter how independent
they might appear or how strong they
might be within themselves or how unified their own people may be or how different and fragmented their people might
be, look to us for leadership. And if we
stand firm and strong and resolved and
definite in our purposes, then we can expect and have realized their support. If
we waver and fail to exert leadership,
then they themselves suffer and send out
messages of concern.
All of us have been brought to our
knees in prayer for 53 Americans who
are held in Tehran. To me, there's a
special demonstration here of one of the
prime characteristics of American people,
in that 220 million strong Americans have
been almost completely obsessed with the
lives of 53 relatively unknown Americans,
formerly not very important-and not
only their lives but their freedom. I think
this has sent a clear message around the
world that we do indeed practice human
rights, because we respect life, individuality, and freedom.
And I think our Nation has also exhibited a reservoir of strength in facing
the Soviet threat to our own vital interests in Southwest Asia when, in an unprecedented fashion, they invaded the freedom-loving, deeply religious country of
Afghanistan. There's a sharp difference
between that action and our own concern
about our innocent Americans, who are
presently, at this moment, being held
prisoner.
We have not taken any steps that would
lead to war or to conflict. Every action
that our country has taken has been designed for peace. Every action has been
peaceful in nature. Our opportunities are
diverse and substantial, but they are con
fined to either economic or political or
military action. We've not taken military
action. We're prepared to do so if necessary, but we've not had to. But we have
taken economic action unilaterally, and
we've had adequate support from our allies and friends, many of whom are not
as strong as we, some of whom are quite
vulnerable and not as free to act as we.
We've taken political action. And there
have been overwhelming expressions of
concern about the Soviet Union's invasion, both with the 103 other nations who
joined with us in the United Nations to
condemn the Soviets' action and demand
an immediate withdrawal of troops, and
also independently of us, to a major
degree, among the 34 Moslem countries
who met in Islamabad and condemned
the Soviets even more stringently and demanded more urgently that they withdraw from Afghanistan. Some of them
are almost subservient to the Soviet
Union, heavily dependent upon the Soviet Union, but they acted out of conviction and with a great deal of courage
and with strength.
No one can predict any time schedule
for the resolution of these issues, and I
would certainly not deign to do so. But
I think to the extent that our country is
unified, is strong, our purposes are clear,
our voice can be heard and understood,
and a maximum support can be aroused
among other nations-allies, friends, nonaligned countries, small, weak countriesto that extent, we will prevail and preserve the essence, freedom, and the individual life and also the independence and
freedom of nations who might be threatened because they are relatively weak and
relatively vulnerable.
I know that you all recognize that
we've faced rapidly changing times in
other areas of the world. I've pointed to
two crises, but other things have changed.
398
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 26
Less than a year ago, just a few yards
from. here, Egypt and Israel signed a
peace treaty after 30 years of war. And I
had an urgent call from President Sadat
just a few minutes before I joined you tonight, about 5 o'clock. And he said,
"Mr. President, I just want to make a report to you. We've exchanged Ambassadors with Israel. Everything went well.
The people of Egypt are very excited and
very proud. And we want to express our
deep gratitude to the people of the United
States for helping to make this miracle
come true."
And of course, we now have 1 billion
new friends in the People's Republic of
China, and we haven't lost our friends in
Taiwan, as well.
So-I'm not going into a litany of
things-but there are good achievements
for our great country, and there are difficult times, which we face with courage
and with conviction and in a spirit of
unity of purpose.
Inflation is always present on my mind.
The resolution of an energy problem,
which is nationwide and going to get
worse, is always present on my mind. You
share that responsibility with me, and it's
reassuring to me to know that you do.
As President of the greatest nation on
Earth, I would like to raise my glass in a
toast: To the leaders of our States, to the
people that you and I both represent, and
to the future of a free people, our leadership in the world, and the unity and commitment of the ideals and principles which
have always made our country great and
which will see us lead a greater country
in the future.
NOTE: The President spoke at 6:52 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Following the dinner, the President and Mrs.
Carter and their guests attended a performance
of "The Elephant Man" at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
New Hampshire Democratic
Party Primary
Informal Exchange With Reporters.
February 26, 1980
Q. What do you think of your victory?
Q. Is it big enough for you?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I was very
pleased, of course. I think this return
showed that the people of the country, at
least the ones in New Hampshire, support
the policies that we've espoused in international affairs, in our attempts to deal
with the inflation issue, and in energy. I
think their vote demands quick action on
the energy legislation.
And I'm very grateful that, because I
couldn't be up there and campaign personally, that the special need for volunteers and workers was realized in such a
delightful way. So, I'm very deeply grateful to everybody who helped us there.
Q. Is Kennedy through now?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I think that's a
judgment for him to make. I would guess
not.
Q. Mr. President, some analysts are
saying that it was a very strong anti-Kennedy vote.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I'd rather assume that it was a vote for me.
Thank you very much.
Q. Mr. President, what about Massachusetts? Do you have any predictions
about a week from today in Massachusetts?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't think
anyone in my administration or my campaign organization would even think that
we could defeat Senator Kennedy in his
own State. I think that would be
Q. You're talking about your policies,
sir. Do you think you can go on winning
if you can't get the inflation rates down?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think people
realize that our country is strongly united,
399
Feb. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
that we're doing the best we can, that
we're making steady progress in international affairs and also making progress in
dealing with the long-range and very difficult energy problems which lead directly
to inflation. I hope that this will be a
signal to the Congress to act without delay
on the three major bills that have still
been held up in conference committee
and haven't yet been voted on in the
House and Senate, that we introduced
last July.
So, I think it's a very good demonstration of support for what we are trying to
do-some successes, some unnecessary delays, but we're making progress.
Q. You know they approved the windfall profitsTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, in their conference committee. Now we'll see that the
Senate andQ. All you have to do is get it
throughTHE PRESIDENT. Well, the Senate and
House will now vote on the conference
report.
Q. Mr. President, could we ask Mrs.
Carter how she feels, since she did so
much campaigning up in New Hampshire and worked so hard?
MRS. CARTER. Well, I feel wonderful,
and I just want to thank all of those people that I worked hard with and that
worked for the President. It was great to
be back with them, because I was with
them so much in '75 and '76. And I just
am thankful to them for their support.
Q. Why do you think Senator Kennedy
can go on if he lost in Iowa and he lost in
Maine and he lost in New Hampshire?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, you'll have to
ask Senator Kennedy about that.
Thank you very much.
Q. Thank you, Mr. President.
NOTE: The exchange began at 10:30 p.m. at
the Diplomatic Entrance of the White House.
United States Export Policy
Statement on Reduction of Export
Disincentives. February 27, 1980
United States business and agriculture
proved in 1979 that Americans have not
lost the will and capacity to compete in
world markets. Our exports increased by
nearly $40 billion over 1978. Many of our
manufacturing industries scored significant gains in their shares of foreign markets. Rebounding exports and overseas
earnings by U.S. companies combined to
overcome the chronic deficit in our overall
international balance of payments-the
"current account" balance. The U.S. dollar retained its value relative to the average of other major currencies in 1979.
This progress is heartening. It must not,
however, lull Americans into relaxing the
export drive. Soaring oil import costs
should remind us daily that further export
growth is vitally important.
When I committed my administration
in the summer of 1978 to an intensified
export campaign, I said that our initial
measures would only be the beginning of
what must be a long, sustained campaign.
These first steps have included:
-negotiation of fairer access for U.S.
goods to foreign markets through the
multilateral trade negotiations and
through bilateral action with key
countries;
-cooperation with other industrial
democracies to assure orderly movements in currency values, so that international trade can be conducted
at realistic exchange rates;
-domestic action to raise the export
consciousness of American companies
and to increase the utility of Federal
and State trade services to exporters;
-increased support by the Export-Import Bank and Small Business Ad
400
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 27
ministration where necessary and
justified;
-reconsideration of policies and procedures that restrict U.S. exports;
-reconstitution of the President's Export Council to broaden participation in export policy development.
Reexamination of our self-imposed restrictions on exports must be a continuing
process. Over the years, the deliberate or
incidental restraint of exports has increased, as Congresses and administrations
have sought to achieve other national
purposes. We must test continually the
costs and benefits of these public interventions in our private international business.
Recently, in response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, I have imposed additional controls on U.S. exports
and sought similar action by our allies, so
as to warn the Soviets that they could not
pursue such a course with impunity. I
have temporarily restricted financial relations with Iran, hence inhibiting trade, in
response to Iranian threats and hostile
actions.
I have limited exports of U.S. goods
and technologies that might directly or
indirectly benefit South African military
or police forces, so as to preclude American association with the enforcement of
apartheid. On the other hand, when the
reason for the United Nations trade sanctions against Rhodesia was corrected, we
promptly ceased our enforcement of
sanctions.
My administration has also scrupulously enforced U.S. laws requiring control of nuclear exports that might promote
proliferation of nuclear weapons.
These actions, which illustrate the difficult balancing of our national interests in
the application of export controls, do not
preclude continuing and vigorous efforts
to reduce unwarranted or unintended
barriers to U.S. exports.
I have now received an interim report
on the operation of laws and policies that
impose or authorize prohibition of exports
of certain goods or technologies, or otherwise handicap our export business-the
so-called export disincentives. The Congress also studied some of these questions
during its review and amendment of the
Export Administration Act last year.
Five major export disincentives were
the focus of the first phase of executive
branch review:
-uncertainty as to the application or
interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act;
-overlapping antiboycott laws and
regulations;
-foreign policy export controls such
as sanctions in support of human
rights;
-nuclear materials export controls;
and
-restraints on conventional arms sales
to foreign countries.
During the course of this review, my
administration has reduced the burden of
export disincentives on U.S. business by
adopting a number of procedural reforms.
These actions are described in a summary
report of the executive branch task force
that is being released with this statement.
The study is not complete. Additional
action on some of the major disincentives
will be considered, and other export restraints will be examined.
I have asked the President's Export
Council, which includes representatives of
the Congress, business, and labor, to undertake a fresh examination of how to
achieve better balance between our trade
and other objectives. The Secretary of
Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative also will consult business and labor
on these issues. I will convey to the Congress in July my views on export promo
401
Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tion and disincentives, as required by the
Trade Agreements Act of 1979.
Our further review and concurrent
operational decisions will be guided by
realistic analysis of costs and benefits of
proposed export restraints. In administering laws and policies that impose disincentives on our exports, the Federal Government will continually seek to reduce
unintended or unnecessary costs to our
export industries.
In considering new export controls to
achieve foreign policy objectives and in
reassessing current sanctions, except in the
field of arms exports, my administration
will be highly selective in the use of controls where the affected country has access to alternative supply. In all appropriate fields, we shall seek broader international cooperation in pursuit of policy objectives entailing restraints on exports.
SUMMARY REPORT OF TASK FORCE ON
EXPORT DISINCENTIVES
This is an interim report of actions already taken by responsible executive
branch agencies during the Task Force's
review of five sets of laws and7 policies
that constitute significant "export disincentives." Additional action is recommended in three fields.
UNCERTAINTIES AS TO THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT
The Congress, the administration, and
all responsible businessmen share a commitment to the purposes of this act. Extortion and bribery should have no place
in our international business. Our business should not, however, needlessly suffer loss of exports because of uncertainty
as to the meaning of this act or as to differing interpretations by its two enforcement agencies, the Department of Justice
and the Securities and Exchange Coin
mission. The Justice Department will begin this month to provide guidance under
the act to inquiring companies on any
proposed international transaction. Companies will be able to obtain advance
knowledge as to whether the Department
will take an enforcement action if a transaction proceeds. The Department will
give prompt general circulation to the
substance of these decisions. After a year
of operating experience with this procedure, the Secretary of Commerce and the
Attorney General will initiate a review,
inviting comments by business and other
interested parties on the effectiveness of
the system in reducing uncertainty as to
the meaning of the act. The Congress then
may find it appropriate to conduct its
own review of the act.
Because unilateral U.S. action can have
only marginal impact on the business
standards of other countries, the United
States should continue to work with other
governments to coordinate procurement
practices and reduce opportunities for
corruption.
ANTIBOYCOTT LAWS AND REGULATIONS
U.S. law and policy prohibit cooperation with boycotts imposed by foreign
countries against nations friendly to the
United States. Our antiboycott regulations appear to be effective in deterring
U.S. companies from complying with
proscribed boycott action. However, differences among three applicable laws and
related regulations have created uncertainties that cause unnecessary loss of
export business. The Commerce and
Treasury Departments, the agencies implementing the antiboycott programs,
have lessened differences between their
regulations, thereby reducing uncertainty
and costs of compliance with two different sets of regulations. Some major boycotting countries have made significant
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 27
changes in their practices with respect to
terms of letters of credit, boycott questionnaires, and certificates of origin.
Changes such as these have reduced the
exclusion of U.S. companies from trade
opportunities.
FOREIGN POLICY EXPORT CONTROLS
The Export Administration Act of 1979
has met some of the major concerns of
business by inclusion of detailed provisions regarding use of export controls to
further foreign policy objectives. In response to this legislation, the administration has publicly identified and shortened
the list of controlled goods and technologies subject to restriction for foreign
policy reasons, as distinguished from controls for national security reasons. Recognizing the general availability of controlled items from alternative sources, the
administration should, when feasible, seek
the cooperation of other governments in
the application of export controls and be
very selective in applying such controls
when the affected country would have access to alternative supply.
NUCLEAR EXPORT CONTROLS
The agencies administering our nuclear
export controls have taken steps to enhance the United States reliability as a
supplier of nuclear materials and equipment, consistent with our firm commitment to prevent the spread of nuclear
weapons. For example, we are now providing multiple reload licenses for components for most reactors abroad, and
eliminating licensing requirements for
nonsignificant quantities of nuclear material. A separate retransfer authorization
is no longer required in cases where the
retransfer was foreseen and approved in
the license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Moreover, in deal
ing with specific cases of proliferation
concern, we have had considerable success in harmonizing our nuclear export
policies with other key countries.
Further streamlining of our nuclear export licensing system should be considered. Meanwhile, executive branch
agencies are undertaking these measures:
1. In considering exports of dual-use
items of significance for nuclear explosives, they will focus attention primarily
on countries of proliferation concern,
minimizing interruption of commerce
with countries that have good nonproliferation credentials; and
2. They will continue efforts to harmonize international conditions for approving or denying exports and re-exports
of those dual-use items which we continue
to license.
ARMS EXPORT CONTROL
During the course of this review, the
munitions export licensing process has
been expedited. Although the annual case
load increased from about 24,000 in 1978
to about 30,000 in 1979, the average number of export applications awaiting decision for over 30 days dropped from
about 675 in 1978 to under 400 in 1979.
As a general rule, decisions now are being given within 20 working days.
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. February 27, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I have reviewed the activities of U.S.
Government departments and agencies
during CY 1979 with respect to the prevention of nuclear proliferation, and am
pleased to submit the second annual re
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Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
port called for by Section 601 (a) of the
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978
(Public Law 95-242).
The enclosed report contains a general
summary and chapters detailing the
progress made in the following areas:
-completion of the studies of the International Fuel Cycle Evaluation
(INFCE);
-creation of an international nuclear
fuel regime;
-development of common export and
domestic policies;
-increased adherence to the Treaty on
the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons;
-strengthening of International
Atomic Energy Agency safeguards;
-negotiation of international agreements for peaceful nuclear cooperation;
-cooperation in energy with developing countries;
-international cooperation in protection of the environment;
-establishment of procedures on other
export-related matters; and
-determinations as specified in 601
(a) 3 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act.
The report concludes that U.S. nonproliferation initiatives, including the
Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, have continued to make a positive contribution to
non-proliferation by increasing international awareness of the proliferation risk
inherent in certain peaceful nuclear activities. This increased awareness is reflected most notably in the International
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, which
will conclude in late February.
The Evaluation meetings have also provided a forum for an organized, wideranging and detailed technical reexamination of assumptions and alternatives,
in which a large number of countries with
varying interests have participated. Our
own contributions to these discussions
have helped to overcome some of the
doubts and concerns of other countries
about the motives and intentions behind
our policies. After the conclusion of
INFCE, Congress will be informed of its
specific findings.
Further progress was made during 1977
on most of the other challenges identified
in last year's report as well. Negotiations
were completed for an international convention on the physical protection of nuclear material. Bilateral cooperation
agreements were reached on the peaceful
uses of nuclear energy. Six additional
countries signed the NPT. The IAEA
safeguards system was technically improved and strengthened.
On the less positive side, additional
effort will be needed to demonstrate the
feasibility of arranging for the international storage of spent fuel as well as for
the permanent disposal of nuclear waste.
And some countries continue to have concerns about U.S. non-proliferation policy
and our reliability as a nuclear supplier.
We will need to work closely with our
trading partners to resolve fuel cycle and
related issues in the months ahead. In addition, special proliferation issues must be
confronted in certain areas such as South
Asia and the Middle East.
We will continue to address these and
other concerns noted in the report during
the coming year, as we pursue our efforts
to achieve international support for additional measures to reduce the risk of proliferation while meeting legitimate energy
needs.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 27, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Report of the
President to the Congress Pursuant to Section
601 of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of
1978-January 1980" (61 pages plus appendices).
404
—~"~UIII --- — --- —---— ~- I
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 27
Asian/Pacific American
Heritage Week, 1980
Proclamation 4727. February 27, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
America's strength is in the heart of its
people and the richness of its cultural
diversity.
Those who have come from Asian and
Pacific countries have long added a special
quality to our American mosaic. In spite
of adversity, in spite of violence inflicted
on their peoples and cultures, Asian and
Pacific Americans have shed sweat and
blood in the struggle for America's nationhood and in the quest for freedom and
opportunity. Out of all proportion to their
numbers, Asian and Pacific Americans
have contributed to our Nation's progress
in a wide range of fields-science, the arts,
literature, agriculture, industry and commerce. Bringing with them the strong and
varied traditions of their Asian and Pacific
homelands-China, Japan, Korea, the
Philippines, the Pacific Islands, and
Southeast Asia-they have greatly
enriched our cultural heritage and
institutions.
As we welcome new groups of Asian and
Pacific peoples to our shores, our hearts
are saddened by the suffering that has
caused many of them to leave their homelands, but we are proud to be able to offer
them freedom and hope and opportunity
in America.
As we work together to help them make
the difficult adjustments to a new land
and new lives, we are deeply aware of our
debt to the generations of Asian and
Pacific Americans who have come before
them. We are grateful for their presence
and glad for the opportunity to continue
our tradition as a land of immigrants, people who have come from every corner of
the earth, united by a common commitment to human rights and human liberty.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
declare the seven days beginning May 7,
1980, as Asian/Pacific American Heritage
Week. I call upon the people of the United
States to observe this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-seventh day
of February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:47 p.m., February 27, 1980]
United States Ambassador
to Finland
Nomination of James Eugene Goodby.
February 27, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate James Eugene Goodby,
of East Derry, N.H., to be Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Finland. He would replace Rozanne Ridgway, who has been
appointed to another position. Goodby
has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for European Affairs since 1977.
He was born December 20, 1929, in
Providence, R.I. He received an A.B.
from Harvard University in 1951. He
served in the U.S. Air Force from 1952
to 1953.
From 1954 to 1959, Goodby was a foreign affairs specialist with the U.S.
405
Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Atomic Energy Commission. He was with
the Office of the Special Assistant to the
Secretary of State for Atomic Energy
from 1960 to 1961 and was detailed as
officer in charge of nuclear test ban negotiations at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency from 1961 to 1963.
From 1963 to 1967, Goodby was a
member of the Policy Planning Council
at the State Department. From 1967 to
1969, he was a political officer at the U.S.
Mission to the European Communities in
Brussels. He was officer in charge of defense policy affairs in the State Department's Office of NATO Affairs from 1969
to 1971.
From 1971 to 1974, Goodby was counselor for political affairs at U.S. NATO
headquarters in Brussels. He was Deputy
Director of the Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs from 1974 to 1977.
International Science and
Technology
Message to the Congress Reporting on U.S.
Programs. February 27, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
This report responds to the requirement, embodied in Title V of the Foreign
Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year
1979 (P.L. 95-426), that I report annually on the United States Government's
international activities primarily involving science and technology. As a supplement to this report, the Department of
State has prepared a detailed study that
contains a more complete description and
analysis of this Government's international scientific and technological activities; that study accompanies this report.
It is clear that science and technology
play an increasingly important role in the
realization of the foreign and domestic
goals of our Nation. Recognizing this, my
Administration has been giving increased
attention to stimulating the appropriate
application of our great strength in science and technology to international relationships and activities that can further
our national goals. As I reported in my
March 27, 1979, Message to the Congress
on Science and Technology, four themes
have shaped U.S. policy with regard to
international activities in science and
technology:
-the pursuit of new international inifiatives that advance our own research
and development objectives;
-the development and strengthening
of scientific exchanges that bridge
political, ideological and cultural divisions between countries;
-the formulation of programs and institutions to help developing countries use science and technology; and
-cooperation with other nations to
manage technologies with global
impact.
MAJOR INTERNATIONAL S&T ACTIVITIES
OF 1979
In support of these themes and objectives, a number of important initiatives
have been taken during 1979:
-USSR. The United States and the
Soviet Union work together under a
framework of eleven separate agreements
for cooperation in scientific and technical
fields. However, my Administration has
recently taken steps to demonstrate that
the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan will have an adverse effect on all
forms of cooperation including scientific
exchanges. I have taken the deliberate decision to focus our restrictive measures
against specific activities, not against the
framework of the agreements themselves.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 2 7
Each individual activity planned under
the eleven bilateral agreements is currently being reviewed to determine its appropriateness. Only those substantive
exchanges which are of overriding scientific interest to the U.S. or which involve
humanitarian concerns such as health or
the environment will be continued under
the present circumstances.
-China. In January 1979, I signed an
agreement on science and technology cooperation with Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping of the People's Republic of China.
Since that time our two countries have
negotiated and signed thirteen protocols
for cooperation in a broad variety of specific science and technology fields. These
cooperative efforts are of great importance to the building of a strong and
modern China, which is clearly in the interests of this country.
-Japan. A major step in further expanding the already extensive scientific
cooperation between the U.S. and Japan
was taken in May 1979 with the signing
of a bilateral agreement for cooperative
energy R&D projects, such as coal liquefaction, nuclear fusion, and geothermal
and solar energy. More recently, I made
a proposal to the Japanese for a complementary program of joint R&D in nonenergy areas of global importance such as
space research, environmental protection,
health and agriculture. Two preparatory
meetings (September 1979 and February
1980) have been held and we have
reached agreement on a number of specific R&D projects pending budgetary
approval on both sides.
-Latin America and the Caribbean.
Impressive progress has been made in our
science and technology relations with
Mexico. During my meeting with President Lopez Portillo in February 1979, a
memorandum of understanding was
signed inaugurating cooperation in a
number of areas, including arid lands
agriculture and energy R&D. S&T cooperation in this hemisphere was furthered
by an October trip of my Science and
Technology Adviser to a number of
countries in South America and the Caribbean. Joint S&T activities are being
developed with Venezuela, Brazil, Peru,
the Andean Pact, and the Caribbean
region as a result of intensive consultations with leading science officials in these
countries and regions.
-ISTC. I established by Executive
Order on October 1, 1979, the Institute
for Scientific and Technological Cooperation as authorized by Congress in the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1979. This Institute is designed to strengthen the capacity of developing countries to solve
their development problems through
scientific and technological innovation, to
foster research on problems of development and to facilitate scientific and technological cooperation with developing
countries. The Institute will also be a
principal point of contact for science and
technology development issues for regional and multilateral scientific and technological organizations as well as for the
U.S. official and private scientific communities. My objective is to provide a
new and explicit focus on the scientific
and technological resources that can be
brought to bear on the difficult problems
of development, and to raise the capacity
of the developing world to apply expertly
these scientific and technological resources to their own unique requirements.
The unique structure and style of operation of the Institute will also allow for a
broad range of cooperation with scientists
and institutions with middle income
countries. I believe this effort has great
potential; it is a matter of high priority
that the Institute be funded so that it can
begin its new and challenging tasks.
407
l -
Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-UN Conference on S&T for Development. The United Nations Conference
on Science and Technology for Development, held in Vienna in August 1979,
sought to strengthen international cooperation in applying science and technology to problems of developing countries.
By bringing together scientists and science
officials from developing and developed
countries, the Conference served to focus
world attention on the importance of
science and technology for development.
The Conference agreed on a number of
measures to coordinate and strengthen
UN activities in science and technology,
including the establishment of an Intergovernmental Committee for Science and
Technology for Development. As a result
of decisions taken by the Conference, I
have proposed in my 1981 Budget a $15
million contribution to the newly established UN fund devoted to S&T for development.
FUNDING AND PERSONNEL
My 1981 Budget has been sent to the
Congress. In it, I have requested funds
for international S&T activities necessary
to meet our priority domestic and foreign
policy needs.
It is clear that the Nation will benefit
fully from the international use of our
scientific and technological resources only
if those in the Government responsible
for planning and carrying out these programs have the knowledge and skills to
understand both the opportunities and
the risks inherent in any application of
new knowledge. It is especially important
that they be aware of the impact of technology on other societies and cultures.
The Secretary of State has already taken
steps to expand the capabilities of the
Foreign Service of the United States in
the scientific and technological aspects of
diplomacy. This effort will be sustained
and supplemented by joint training programs with domestic agencies and exchanges of personnel designed to create
within the Executive Branch a cadre of
officers skilled in international science
and technology policy.
EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
In addition to the tasks directly specified in Title V of P.L. 95-426, in order to
make more effective the routine evaluation of international S&T activities undertaken by the Government, I have directed
the Secretary of State to take the following steps:
-To review, as necessary, international
activities in science and technology in
terms of U.S. foreign policy objectives,
and to provide advice regarding foreign
policy objectives for new agreements.
-To maintain a current information
system covering major bilateral and multilateral activities primarily involving science and technology.
-To develop criteria for reviewing the
costs and benefits of bilateral and multilateral S&T activities and to apply these
criteria in reviewing the utility of these
activities.
-To coordinate assessments of the
overall balance of benefits prior to any
decision regarding renewal, extension or
termination of major bilateral and multilateral science and technology agreements.
The Department of State shall provide the
foreign policy input to these assessments.
-To provide continuous oversight of
major international science and technology agreements and activities, and to encourage the conclusion of comprehensive
government-to-government agreements,
wherever appropriate, that set forth general guidelines for specific agency-toagency implementing agreements.
408
I -~I~1 I '~I — ru
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 27
-To be cognizant of the potential applications of R&D supported by the other
agencies of government to the problems of
developing countries. ISTC, when funded, should coordinate a thorough assessment in this area.
LOOKING TO THE FUTURE
While we are often forced to attend to
immediate crises, it is essential that we
nurture our long-term scientific and technological relations with other countries.
We must also sustain our efforts to deal
with global problems such as economic development, resource conservation and
management, environmental protection
and the struggle against disease and
hunger. Central to our future well-being
is the intelligent application of our vast
scientific and technological capabilities to
deal with these problems. It is clear that
our international science and technology
activities, in addition to supporting this
country's foreign policy objectives, provide a variety of benefits. At the same
time, they enhance the world's stores of
scientific and technological knowledge, affect worldwide welfare and prosperity,
promote our foreign commercial relationships, and add a valuable dimension to our
development assistance programs.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
February 27, 1980.
International Development and
Security Assistance
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting Proposed
Legislation. February 27,1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
I herewith transmit a bill to authorize
international development and security
assistance programs for the fiscal years
1981 and 1982. The programs authorized
by this bill are essential for an effective
United States contribution to the reduction of hunger, poverty, and other developmental problems of the peoples of the
less-developed countries. The United
States economy and our political and
economic leadership will be enhanced by
the bill's programs. The bill will also provide for the achievement of a secure international environment, and for the attainment of our own foreign policy and
security goals in a greatly troubled world.
Through these programs, the United
States assists friendly and allied nations in
fostering their economic development
and progress, in acquiring and maintaining the capability for their own defense,
and in addressing political, military, and
economic crises.
This year I am transmitting a single
bill, incorporating authorizations for both
development and security assistance. Title
I of the bill consists of amendments to the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and to the
International Development Cooperation
Act of 1979. It includes all the fiscal year
1981 authorizations for the development
assistance programs and related activities
provided for in those statutes. Title I also
includes fiscal year 1981 authorizations
for the economic support fund. In addition, this title provides fiscal year 1981 authorization for peacekeeping operations,
disaster assistance, international narcotics
control, military assistance and grant military training programs carried out under
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. Title
II consists of fiscal year 1981 authorizations for programs and related activities
under the Arms Export Control Act. Title
III comprises provisions applicable to the
bill as a whole, including the fiscal year
1982 authorizations required by the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
409
Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
In addition to authorizations of appropriations, the bill makes certain substantive changes to the statutory authorities
under which development and security
assistance programs are carried out. With
respect to development assistance programs, these changes include a clarification of the applicability to United States
support for private and voluntary organizations of statutory limitations on assistance programs, and a provision giving
powers of subpoena to the Auditor General of the Agency for International Development. Insofar as security assistance is
concerned, the bill amends the Arms Export Control Act to establish a separate
authority for the sale of military design
and construction services to foreign countries and international organizations, reflecting the essential difference in nature
between such sales and other sales of defense articles and services under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program.
Developments over the past year, and in
particular in recent months, have underscored perhaps more than ever before the
importance of affording the President the
ability to employ, promptly and effectively, foreign assistance to meet unforeseen
foreign policy and security emergencies.
As a consequence, the bill contains a number of provisions to this end. The authorization of fiscal year 1981 appropriations
for the economic support fund includes
$50,000,000 unallocated to any particular
program and activity, and which would be
available to meet currently unexpected situations where the provision of economic
support fund assistance would be appropriate in furtherance of the national interests of the United States. The difficulties and delays occasioned by the need to
reprogram such assistance from planned
country programs over the past year indicates the importance and usefulness of
such an unallocated amount under the
economic support fund. The bill would
also make available a comparable amount
for military contingencies by increasing
from $10 million to $50 million the scope
of the President's emergency authority to
draw upon the Department of Defense for
military assistance in a fiscal year.
In addition, the bill makes the special
authority of section 614(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended,
applicable to programs under the Arms
Export Control Act, and to "free-standing" provisions of law contained in annual
development and security assistance authorization acts. This change restores the
scope of the President's authority under
section 614 (a) as it existed prior to 1968,
when the military sales provisions of the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 were removed from that act and included in the
Foreign Military Sales Act (now the Arms
Export Control Act). As a consequence,
this change removes an anomaly from
present law, whereby the President may
use his authority under section 614(a) to
authorize grants under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, but not sales or financing under the Arms Export Control
Act.
The bill also amends the Arms Export
Control Act to eliminate the requirements for advance certification to the
Congress of all major FMS sales, and
proposed third-party transfers, to NATO,
any NATO member, Japan, Australia,
and New Zealand. This change would
facilitate vital military supply cooperation with important allies, and would
render third-party transfer procedures
less cumbersome by conforming those requirements to those applicable to major
direct transfers under FMS. In addition,
the bill amends the Arms Export Control
Act to clarify the limitations upon the
performance of defense services for a
country in the event such country be
410
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 27
comes engaged in self-defense or other
military operations.
The Programs authorized by this bill
are essential components of our foreign
and national security policies, and of our
commitment to the advancement in freedom, dignity and development of peoples
in nations far less fortunate than our own.
These programs have been formulated to
achieve these ends in as effective and efficient a manner as possible in light of the
resources available to us. They will serve
our interests in the stability and economic
prosperity of the developing countries, already important markets for U.S. exports,
and whose participation in the world
economy is steadily increasing.
With particular regard for the authorizations requested in this bill for security
assistance programs for Greece and for
Turkey, I hereby certify, in accordance
with section 620C (d) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, that the
furnishing of such assistance to Greece
and to Turkey will be consistent with the
principles set forth in section 620C (b)
of that Act. The explanation of the reasons for this certification in each case is
contained in the congressional presentation materials for the fiscal year 1981 security assistance program.
The difficult world situation facing the
United States at this moment in history
underscores the need to address, with renewed vigor, the human problems arising
in the less-developed countries, our economic ties with them, and the security
needs of our friends and allies. This bill
will help us to do so, and I urge its early
passage.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
Windfall Profits Tax Legislation
Statement on Approval of the Legislation by
the House and Senate Conference.
February 27, 1980
I congratulate the House and Senate
conferees for completing work last night
on a tough, energy-sound windfall profits
tax. This action is a major victory for the
Nation, and I look forward to signing this
legislation as soon as possible so that we
can move forward with the vital task of
achieving true energy security.
The conferees are to be commended for
their hard work and diligence over the
past several months. I particularly want
to thank Senator Russell Long and Congressman Al Ullman for their exceptional
efforts in leading the conference.
When I proposed the windfall profits
tax last year, predictions of certain defeat
were numerous. Instead of a defeat, however, the Nation will shortly begin to tax
the windfall profits of the oil industry.
Those tax funds will provide for a decade
the revenues needed for increased energy
research and development, mass transportation, low-income energy assistance, and
will be available for other uses. Additionally, the legislation allows the flexibility
needed to meet both anticipated and unforeseen needs in these areas.
We will also be ensuring that the production benefits from my phased decontrol
of oil prices will occur. The tax will provide sufficient revenues to encourage private industry to expand its exploration
and development of domestic oil.
I urge the House and Senate to promptly pass the windfall profits tax conference
report. With that action, the Congress will
have taken the most difficult step toward
energy security. But more needs to be
done. The Nation can no longer tolerate
the interminable delays occurring in the
411
Feb. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
conferences on the energy mobilization
board and the energy security corporation.
Those conferees must complete their work
soon. There is no excuse for continued
inaction.
National Women's History
Week
Statement by the President.
February 28,1980
From the first settlers who came to our
shores, from the first American Indian
families who befriended them, men and
women have worked together to build this
Nation. Too often, the women were unsung and sometimes their contributions
went unnoticed. But the achievements,
leadership, courage, strength, and love of
the women who built America was as vital
as that of the men whose names we know
so well.
As Dr. Gerda Lerner has noted,
"Women's history is women's right-an
essential, indispensable heritage from
which we can draw pride, comfort,
courage, and long-range vision."
I ask my fellow Americans to recognize this heritage with appropriate activities during National Women's History
Week, March 2-8, 1980. I urge libraries,
schools, and community organizations to
focus their observances on the leaders
who struggled for equality-Susan B.
Anthony, Sojourner Truth, Lucy Stone,
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
Harriet Tubman, and Alice Paul.
Understanding the true history of our
country will help us to comprehend the
need for full equality under the law for
all our people. This goal can be achieved
by ratifying the 27th amendment to the
United States Constitution: "Equality of
rights under the law shall not be denied
or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of sex."
Law Enforcement
Remarks at a White House Reception for
State Attorneys General, District Attorneys,
and Police Chiefs. February 28, 1980
I just came from a brief ceremony with
Bill Kreeger, head of our intelligence
division of the FBI, who's served our
country for 29 years. And I told him that
it was a great source of pride for me, as
President, to thank him for his superb professional competence and his staunch, unbending integrity. In my opinion, that's
the characteristic that should exemplify
law enforcement officials in local, State,
and in the Federal Government. And
that's the impression that I have of law
enforcement officers.
We have a time of great difficulty in
our country. And here in the White
House, as President, of course, I have to
be primarily concerned about our Nation's security, about defense, about the
maintenance of peace. But that responsibility cannot be separated from my own
as the chief law enforcement officer of our
country, and the preservation of justice,
fairness, equity, the control of crime, the
enhancement of respect among every citizen of our Nation for our governmental
processes. You have very difficult jobs as
local police officials, as State officials, as
attorneys general, as representatives of
the Federal Government in the control
of drug traffic, in education, and in administration.
412
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 28
You've got a partner in the Oval Office, and I am here to back you up in the
enforcement of the law. I recognize the
difficulties that you face in a rapidly
changing world. And I know that you've
had a full day, specifically concentrating
on two types of crime: arson and heroin
traffic. Arson is the fastest growing crime,
I believe, in the Nation. And we've had
some success in controlling heroin. I
think, in just recent times, we have cut
heroin deaths down approximately 80
percent in our country, but we have a
threat of another buildup in heroin supplies coming in from Southwest Asia.
I want to emphasize one other point,
and that is the crucial element of close coordination and cooperation and consultation and communication among the different levels of law enforcement officials.
When I was Governor, I was quite often
disconcerted at the lack of ease of cooperation among the different law enforcement agencies with which I had to
deal. Those designed to enforce tax laws,
drug laws, and the FBI at the Federal
level, the State patrol, the Georgia Bureau
of Investigation, the local police, the local
sheriffs, quite often were too preoccupied
with the preservation of their own independence and autonomy-and sometimes
the protection of their law enforcement
turf-and not adequately preoccupied
with how they could cooperate with other
law enforcement agencies in enforcing
the law for exactly the same people.
When a crime is committed, it causes
severe loss and it causes personal pain or
even death, as you know. And it also
causes our societal structure to be weakened. It causes an alienation between the
public that we are charged to protect and
the public whose lives we are designed
and charged with enhancing.
This division, not only among different
levels of government but between government and citizens of our Nation, has a farreaching, adverse effect on our Nation's
strength. I hope that this session that
you've had today, dealing with two
specific elements of crime, will be the precursor for others and for a removal of barriers among us and for the realization that
you have total support not only from the
White House Oval Office, but also from
the Attorney General, the FBI, the DEA,
and other law enforcement officials and
offices and bureaus in the Federal
Government.
We want this to be a two-way street,
and I hope that you will never hesitate to
let us know in Washington how we can
help you do a better job at the State and
local level.
So, to summarize, let me say I have a
deep appreciation for what you are accomplishing, a realization of the difficulties of law enforcement in our societal
structure, and I want to let you know that
you've got my absolute backing, my absolute support, and my deep desire for a
closer coordination and cooperation with
you in the future to protect our people and
to let the greatest nation on Earth be even
greater in the future.
Now I'd like to shake hands with all of
you individually, and I'd like to ask the
Attorney General to join me. And again,
from the bottom of my heart, thank you
for making yourselves partners with me in
protecting our people and strengthening
our country.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 4:33 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House. Earlier in the
day, the law enforcement officials took part in
discussions and briefings at the J. Edgar Hoover
F.B.I. Building.
413
Feb. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Inter-American Development
Bank Day
Proclamation 4728. February 29,1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The destinies of the people of North
America and the people of Latin America
have long been linked. Because of that
relationship, one of the tools for the fulfillment of Latin American and Caribbean
aspirations for economic and social development is a hemispheric framework of
cooperation.
The Inter-American Development
Bank is an important part of that framework. It began operations twenty years
ago as a mutual effort by the United
States and Latin America to promote
progress in the hemisphere. Since 1960,
the Bank has grown to embrace the nations of the Caribbean and, as contributors, Canada and 15 developed nations
outside the hemisphere.
In the course of its first two decades, the
Inter-American Development Bank has
committed over $16 billion in development loans to bring electricity and running water to Latin American villages, to
provide schools and health care for overcrowded cities, to supply credit to small
farmers and entrepreneurs, and to promote a modern infrastructure for Latin
American economies. Through its own
strong efforts, assisted by the Inter-American Development Bank, Latin America
as a region has achieved high real growth
rates in recent years-resulting in improved living standards and expanding
opportunities for trade and investment.
February 1980-the twentieth anniversary of the first meeting of the governing
body of the Inter-American Development
Bank-is a good time for the American
people to take note of the success of a bold
experiment in hemispheric sharing.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
proclaim February 29, 1980, as InterAmerican Development Bank Day, in recognition of the role of the Inter-American
Development Bank and in reaffirmation
of the commitment of the American people and Government to the Bank and to
the cause of peaceful economic and social
progress in the hemisphere. I direct the
Secretary of the Treasury, as United
States Governor of the Inter-American
Development Bank, to communicate this
proclamation to the authorities of the
Bank and to each of its member
governments.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of
February in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:17 p.m., February 29, 1980]
Second Environmental Decade
Remarks at the 10th Anniversary Observance
of the National Environmental Policy Act,
Earth Day, and Several Federal Agencies.
February 29, 1980
FRANK SEBASTIAN.' Mr. President, we re
honored to meet with you and to thank
you in person for your environmental
achievements and your impressive record.
We're proud that the Environmental Industry Council's members, manufacturers,
1 Chairman of the Environmental Industry
Council.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 29
employ some 2 million people. We believe
that underscores your longstanding
awareness that a clean environment not
only is essential for health, but also is good
economics. The Council appreciates your
continued dedication to environmental
improvement and your unrelenting efforts
to resist pressures that threaten pollutionreduction goals.
Mr. President, it's a great privilege to
present the environmental industry's first
national leadership award. I'll read, if I
may: "The environmental industry of the
United States is honored to present its first
national leadership award to President
Jimmy Carter, in recognition of his enlightened and steadfast leadership of the
United States Government and the Nation in the realm of environmental protection and environmental improvement
in all of its facets-economic, geographic,
political and technological-on behalf of
the Board of Directors of the Environmental Industry Council, representing
manufacturers of environmental equipment and systems for the control of all
forms of environmental pollution."
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Frank
Sebastian, for this special award, and
thank you, Gus, for setting up this celebration.
The longer I'm in the White House, and
the more diverse and serious are the responsibilities which I feel on my own
shoulders and with which I have to deal
every day, the more I'm convinced of the
tremendous historical nature of what has
been achieved by you during these last 10
years. And because of that, I want to welcome you to the White House.
It's a great pleasure to commemorate
together 10 years of environmental
achievement. This has been a decade of
substantial change in the national consciousness about the fragility of our planet.
This has been a decade of momentous
change in commitment among literally
millions of people who formerly were not
motivated to join some of you leaders in
a common effort. I think during this time
we've turned irrevocably away from a
mindless destruction of our environment,
and we have committed ourselves to an
immense national undertaking to protect
it.
It hasn't always been easy, but the summary of what has been accomplished is
sobering and gratifying indeed. It's a decade that began with the National Environmental Policy Act, which committed
us to this course. Few laws in our history
have so changed our land for the better.
Many of you helped to pass NEPA and
helped make it effective. You helped to
establish the Council on Environmental
Quality, the Environmental Protection
Agency, headed by Doug, and the National Oceanographic [Oceanic] and Atmospheric Administration.
Ten years ago, the first Earth Day was
a strong expression of concern by the
American public. And I think the outpouring of people on that day, including
myself and many of you, shocked the populace, because of the expression of public
support for what at that time, as it is now,
was a very controversial and potentially
divisive subject. Earth Day 1980 will give
us a time to reflect on our progress even
more and decide what we must do together in the future.
Let me add that this year also is another historic milestone, one that reminds
us of a long history of dedicated service
by hundreds of thousands of private citizens, and that is the Diamond Jubilee of
the National Audubon Society.
We begin the 1980's with the knowledge that citizen commitment to environmental quality remains strong. I'm determined that my administration will continue to be as environmentally progressive
as any in history, including the administrations of great environmental leaders
415
Feb. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
like Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin
Roosevelt and, perhaps, some others. I
sought out good people from the environmental community and brought them into the Government and put them to work,
and I'm glad to share credit with them
for some of the things that have been
achieved-not only for the new policies
that we instituted, but also for the fact
that environmental concern has now become a central and a routine and an integral part of every decision we make.
We've issued two broad environmental
messages to set forth overall policy, plus
other messages dealing with oil pollution
in the oceans, water resources policy reform, solar energy, nuclear waste, nuclear
nonproliferation, urban policy. And we've
tried to carry out those policies as well as
introduce a message. In some of those
areas, we have tried to marshall worldwide support for the innovative and necessary policies that we've espoused. We've
improved protection of marine animals,
including whales, and we are making vigorous efforts to enforce the environmental
laws that are on the books. And together,
you and I, we will continue to protect in
an increasingly effective way the Alaska
lands.
This has been a productive 3 years for
environmental legislation, thanks to many
of the key Members of the House and
Senate who are assembled here with us
today. We passed the Surface Mining
Reclamation Act, a law which had been
vetoed twice by my predecessors. We
passed the Clean Air and the Clean Water
Act amendments, which strengthen our
basic environmental protection laws.
Twice we reauthorized the Endangered
Species Act. We signed into law the unprecedented National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978. And I've since proposed, as you know, large additions to our
national rivers and trails and to our
wilderness systems.
One of my most unforgettable experiences as President-I've had a lot of unforgettable experiences-[laughter]-this
is one of the most pleasant unforgettable
experiences-was a raft trip down the
Salmon River, with Cecil Andrus and a
group of dedicated lovers of the outdoors,
in one of the most priceless wilderness
areas. To preserve that part of our common heritage, I proposed-and I want to
see enacted-legislation that will protect
the Salmon River and establish the River
Of No Return Wilderness in Idaho.
Another American shared my desire to
preserve the middle fork of the Salmonone of America's great jurists and one of
America's great environmental leaders,
the late Supreme Court Justice William
O. Douglas. His widow, Cathy, is with us
today, and has been carrying on his work
to preserve America's wilderness areas.
Cathy, would you stand just a moment?
It is with deep admiration and gratitude for Justice Douglas and for you,
Cathy, that I've signed a proclamation
today changing the name of Alaska's
Arctic National Wildlife Range. Sitting
on top of the world, this wildlife range
is the largest in our system. It's an extraordinary locale, as you know, and a symbol of freedom. I cannot think of a better
name for it than the William O. Douglas
Arctic Wildlife Range.
I can't think of a better symbol of freedom than the caribou and the moose, a
thousand years from now, still proceeding
freely in that beautiful part of God's
world. As Justice Douglas wished, we will
continue working to ensure adequate and
permanent protection of Alaska's irreplaceable treasures, including wilderness
designation for the Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 29
We have had some notable successes in
Congress. The issues are still sharply
drawn; nothing can be taken for granted.
Threats still persist, and there is not a
natural, automatic momentum for the
protection of environmental quality and
for the enhancement of the programs
which all of you have espoused and for
which you have fought so long.
The water resources authorization bill,
for instance, just passed by the House, is
a travesty. Many of its projects are environmentally destructive. It's wasteful.
It is inflationary. It's even worse than the
Water Resources Appropriations Act,
which I vetoed before. And with your
help and support, I do not intend to allow
this proposed legislation to become law.
There is another waste of resources
that concerns me greatly, and it concerns
every head of every nation on Earthsome acutely, some with an increasing
degree of concern-and that is the waste
of energy. Energy conservation is essential, not just in a crisis or even as a
transition to renewable resources, but
energy conservation has got to become a
way of life. In the 1978 National Energy
Act and in later acts, we've undertaken to
do what future generations will recognize
as a massive and fundamental shift toward
energy efficiency. We've begun a momentum which I intend to sustain and
to accelerate.
The 1981 budget which I have proposed includes over $2 billion in outlays
directly for energy conservation, twice
what we are spending this year in 1980.
And I support legislation now in Congress
which will add another $6 billion to that
effort to conserve energy. Conservation
remains the best environmental and economic way to meet our current energy
needs. Conservation is and will remain
the cornerstone of our energy policy.
However, conservation alone is not
enough. We must develop solar and renewable energy sources and, as I've said
before, no foreign cartel can embargo or
set the price on power that comes directly
from the sun. True energy security can
only come from solar and renewable
energy technologies.
We must also have realistic prices for
declining petroleum reserves. Long before there was an effort to make petroleum prices competitive, environmentalists urged that those prices actually reflect
the replacement cost of this resource,
something that we are now belatedly
putting into effect. As long as we have
artificially cheap oil, waste will result,
conservation will be impossible, and the
development of competitive, renewable
energy resources will be restrained or prohibited.
It's important to pursue a broad range
of alternative energy sources, including
synthetic fuels. We will not sacrifice the
quality of our environment for synthetic
or any other fuels. As you know, the
Energy Mobilization Board, a highly controversial proposal, is designed to simplify
decisionmaking on critical energy facilities. This Board should only eliminate
unnecessary delays in making an objective
decision and not undermine any necessary
protections. I do not support waivers of
substantive environmental standards, and
I do not support broad grandfather
clauses that are simply substantive waivers
in disguise.
On all such issues, even on those rare
occasions when we have disagreed, you
have had direct access to us-to me, personally, and to my administration-and
your views have been heard and almost
always heeded, before, not after decisions
were made. This is an open administration. We have benefited from your anal
417
Feb. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ysis, your suggestions, your counsel, and
your criticisms, and I want to continue
this close relationship.
You and I still have a lot of unfinished
business. Legislation now pending, as
significant as any that we have seen in
the preceding decade, including Alaska
lands, the proposed conservation and
solar bank, nuclear and hazardous waste
bills, and the National Heritage Policy
Act, which will preserve our Nation's most
treasured resources-these are just a few
among the highest-ranked in my own legislative agenda.
Just before lunch, Gus and I were discussing the long-term threats which just
a few years ago were not even considered:
the build-up of carbon dioxide; acid rain;
the fact that 800 million human beings
now suffer from lack of nourishment or
disease; the fact that our population will
increase 50 percent in the world by the
end of this century; that we are likely to
lose 40 percent of our rain forests; the
fact that the oceans are almost inevitably
going to be increasingly polluted; the fact
that, because of erosion and the encroachment of deserts, we lose the equivalent of
productive land equal, roughly, to an area
the size of Maine every year.
These kinds of concerns affect you and
me, and on some of them we've hardly
begun to work on corrective action that
might be proposed, much less accepted
and implemented. This last decade, however, has demonstrated that we can buck
the trends, that we can meet apparently
insurmountable obstacles and overcome
those obstacles if we have the will and the
unity which is required for success.
The past decade and its achievements
point the way toward this coming decade
that is one not of discouragement and despair and failure, but of great opportunity
to gain acceptance of innovative and commonsense solutions that we've talked
about for years, even to problems that
seem to be almost completely insoluble.
The 1980's offer vast potential for conserving energy and natural resources that's
both good environmental policy and good
economic self-interest.
It's time to revive some old-fashioned
notions about the wise use of what we
have. It's time for a society of consumers
to become a society of conservers. This
tremendous change is inevitable in our
country, and it's only just begun. And I
believe that the 220 million Americans
who are not here today will have to look
to this group to a major degree to make
this inevitable transition as rapid and as
painless as possible. We must conserve not
just petroleum but the whole range of natural resources. We know better than perhaps any other nation on Earth the value
of our forests, our fisheries, and our minerals, and that those seemingly limitless
resources in the past have a definite limit.
We must also recognize that even our
manmade communities must be conserved, and the quality of them must be
enhanced. Conservation is essential to sustain the ecological diversity which is vital
to the survival of human beings. We are
recognizing that the conflict between resource use and resource protection is often
unnecessary. The conflict between those,
use and conservation, is unnecessary. The
science of ecology teaches us that the natural systems yield substantial benefits to
people who work with nature and not
against nature. The power of the Sun, the
wind, and the tides, and the protective
and cleansing function of wetlands, of
floodplains and barrier islands, the use of
biological pest control, the role of the forests and the vegetation in maintaining the
soil and the atmosphere-these are just a
few examples. For the sake of future generations, we must rely more on natural
418
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 29
processes and on the sensitive management of renewable resources.
We are charged with the stewardship
of an irreplaceable environment. These
are the preeminent environmental challenges of the next decade. And as our descendants look back on the 1980's, let it be
said, first, that we kept our commitment
to the restoration of environmental quality; second, that we protected the public
health from the continuing dangers of
toxic chemicals, from pollution, from
hazardous and radioactive wastes, and
that we made our communities safer,
healthier, and better places to live; third,
that we preserved America's wilderness
areas, and particularly its last great frontier, Alaska, for the benefit of all Americans in perpetuity; fourth, that we put
this Nation on a path to a sustainable energy future, one based increasingly on
renewable resources and on energy conservation; fifth, that we moved to protect
America's countryside and coastland
from mismanagement and overdevelopment, and that this year, the year of the
coast, was perhaps the turning point;
sixth, that we redirected the management
of the Nation's water resources toward
water conservation and environmental
protection; seventh, that we faced
squarely such worldwide problems as the
destruction of forests, acid rain, carbon
dioxide buildup, and nuclear proliferation; and, eighth, that we protected the
habitat and the existence of our own
species on this Earth.
That list, which may not be all-inclusive, is genuine progress toward realizing
the American dream. That's the way we
will, together, you and I, move into the
1980's. This 10th birthday will not mark
the end of an environmental golden era
but the beginning of our second environmental decade that will give a better quality of life not only to all Americans but to
all human beings.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:07 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House at the session attended by environmentalists, scientists,
Members of Congress, and past and present
employees of the Council on Environmental
Quality, the Environmental Protection Agency,
and the Department of the Interior.
A question-and-answer period with administration officials, including Douglas M. Costle,
Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency, and Gus Speth, Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality, was held with
members of the audience before the President's
arrival.
Following the President's departure, a reception was held in the White House for guests.
William 0. Douglas Arctic
Wildlife Range
Proclamation 4729. February 29, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
"The Arctic has a call that is compelling. The distant mountains make one
want to go on and on over the next ridge
and over the one beyond. The call is that
of a wilderness known only to a few...
This last American wilderness must remain sacrosanct."
These are the words of the late Justice
William 0. Douglas describing the Brooks
Range in Alaska, where the Arctic National Wildlife Range is located. They
were written in 1960, the year the Range
was established.
William 0. Douglas staunchly asserted
the right of all living things to be born,
419.G
Feb. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
grow and die in a state of natural freedom. He cared for the moose and caribou
of the arctic range as he cared for all those
whose life and liberty were threatened by
forces larger than themselves.
Justice Douglas insisted that the present generation must protect environmental and human rights not only for
themselves but for the sake of future generations as well. He took strength from
the refuge that nature and wilderness give
the human soul.
It is fitting to memorialize this great
American with one of America's most remarkable places. The area that will
henceforth bear his name is an environment that offers the solitude and grandeur of vast arctic spaces as well as the
vitality of a breeding ground for thousands of birds and for one of the largest
remaining caribou herds on earth.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in
me by the Constitution and statutes of the
United States, and in consultation with
the Secretary of the Interior who is
charged with the management of the National Wildlife Refuge System, do hereby
proclaim that the Arctic National Wildlife Range shall henceforth be known as
the William 0. Douglas Arctic Wildlife
Range, in memory of a great American
statesman and environmental leader. I
hereby direct the Secretary of the Interior
to take all steps necessary to implement
this proclamation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of
February, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12:34 p.m., March 3, 1980]
Import Relief for the
Nonrubber Footware
Industry
Announcement Concerning the Conclusions of
an Administration Review.
February 29, 1980
An interagency review of nonrubber
footwear imports, undertaken in connection with the President's 1977 import relief program, has led to the conclusion
that imports are expected to fall significantly below 1979 levels toward presurge
levels and that import surges such as were
experienced last year will not recur. The
expected decline in imports, coupled with
the overriding importance of avoiding any
actions which add to inflation, dictate
against revision of the import restraint
program at this time. However, the administration review concluded that,
should the expectations with respect to
imports fail to materialize, the United
States will take appropriate actions, with
full consideration of the need to fight inflation, to assure that imports in fact do
decline toward presurge levels, and that
surges do not recur. These conclusions
reflect the President's commitment to
maintain the integrity of the relief program in a way which balances concerns
for domestic jobs and production, inflation, and our trade relations with other
countries.
To fulfill this commitment, current
monitoring of footwear imports will be intensified in an effort to obtain better and
more timely forecasts of import trends.
Imports of nonrubber footwear currently are subject to import relief action
taken by the President in April 1977, following an investigation by the U.S. International Trade Commission. At that
time, the President directed the negotiation of orderly marketing agreements
420
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Feb. 29
(OMA's), which were subsequently concluded with Korea and Taiwan. The
President also directed that a special trade
adjustment assistance program be established to help the domestic footwear industry meet competition at home and
abroad. In taking these actions, the President stressed that only problems as extreme as those then faced by the domestic
shoe industry could justify the modest
mandatory limits on imports. He noted
that the long-term solution to the shoe industry's difficulties lies not in the restriction of imports, but in innovation and
modification of the industry's facilities.
Since negotiation of the OMA's, imports from Korea and Taiwan have been
stabilized at or below the levels provided
in the agreements. However, in 1979, imports from noncontrolled countries (those
not covered by the OMA's) unexpectedly
increased. Aggregate imports from all
sources rose by 8 percent to 405 million
pairs in 1979. According to preliminary
data, imports from Italy in 1979 increased
over the previous year by 54 percent to 97
million pairs.
The administration's review of this situation began following the sharp increase
in imports last year. In the third quarter
of 1979, imports entered at an annual rate
of 425 million pairs, which would have
been an increase of 51 million pairs, or 14
percent, over imports in 1978. Imports in
the fourth quarter of last year fell significantly, however, resulting in the smaller
increase to the annual level of 405 million
pairs. It is expected that this decline will
continue in 1980. The review also showed
that from 1978 to 1979, domestic production dropped by about 32 million pairs,
or 7.6 percent, and employment was down
by about 7,000 jobs or 4.5 percent.
As part of its review, the administration
has, in recent months, consulted with shoe
exporting nations in an effort to resolve
the problem. The administration intends
to continue these efforts and will monitor
imports, both as to world and individual
country figures, so as to be able to identify
potential surges and take appropriate
action.
The review was conducted under provisions of the Trade Act of 1974, which authorized the President to provide additional import relief if he determines that
orderly marketing agreements are not continuing to be effective. In his June 22,
1977, proclamation implementing import
relief, the President delegated to the U.S.
Trade Representative this authority, as
well as the responsibility to manage the
import relief provided.
Federal Reserve System
Nomination of Lyle E. Gramley To Be a
Member of the Board of Governors.
February 29, 1980
The President today announced his
intention to nominate Lyle E. Gramley to
be a member of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System for a 14-year
term. He would replace Philip Coldwell,
whose term has expired.
Gramley has been a member of the
President's Council of Economic Advisers
since 1977.
He was born January 14, 1927, in
Aurora, Ill. He received a B.A. from Beloit
College in 1951 and an M.A. (1952) and
Ph. D. (1956) from Indiana University.
From 1955 to 1962, Gramley was a financial economist with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. From 1962 to
1964, he was an associate professor of economics at the University of Maryland.
From 1964 to 1965, he was a senior economist with the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System.
421
Feb. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
From 1965 to 1977, Gramley was with
the Division of Research and Statistics of
the Federal Reserve Board, beginning as
an associate advisor and finally serving as
director of the division.
Gramley is the author of several publications on economics. He is a member of
the American Economic Association and
the National Economists Club.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items
of general interest announced by the
White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
February 24
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md., and met
with his economic advisers.
February 25
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Gov. John Y. Brown of Kentucky
and other Kentucky State officials;
-Democratic members of the House of
Representatives Judiciary Committee.
The President attended a briefing by
Mrs. Carter given for Senate wives in the
East Room at the White House.
February 26
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Relations;
-Gov. William F. Winter of Mississippi;
-Mrs. Carter, for lunch;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget;
-the 1979-1980 Presidential Exchange Executives.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1979 annual report of the National Institute of Building Sciences.
February 27
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Stansfield Turner, Director, and
Frank C. Carlucci, Deputy Director,
Central Intelligence Agency;
-Ambassador Fumihiko Togo of
Japan;
-John Filer, chairman, and William
Kolberg, president, National Alliance of Business;
-Deputy Prime Minister Brian E.
Talboys of New Zealand and Foreign
Minister Andrew S. Peacock and Defense Minister Denis James Killen
of Australia;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-Representative Gunn McKay of
Utah;
-Governors Robert List of Nevada
and Scott Matheson of Utah.
The President announced the reappointment of Abraham D. Beame, former
mayor of New York City, as a member of
the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. The President has
also redesignated Mr. Beame as Chairman of the Commission.
422
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
February 28
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus,
Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Transportation
Neil Goldschmidt, Secretary of Commerce Philip M. Klutznick, Charles
L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Jack H.
Watson, Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs,
Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the
President for Domestic Affairs and
Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to the President, and Mr. McIntyre;
-Mr. Moore;
-presidents of women's organizations.
February 29
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler,
Counsel to the President, Hamilton
Jordan, Assistant to the President,
and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Habib Bourguiba, Jr., Special Emissary and son of the President of
Tunisia.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 12th annual report of the Department of Transportation.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
NOMINATIONS-Continued
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted February 27, 1980
WILLIAM ALBERT NORRIS, of California, to be
United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth
Circuit, vice Walter Ely, retired.
WALTER MEHEULA HEEN, of Hawaii, to be
United States District Judge for the District of Hawaii, vice Dick Yin Wong, deceased.
ODELL HORTON, of Tennessee, to be United
States District Judge for the Western District of Tennessee, vice Bailey Brown,
elevated.
JOHN T. NIXON, of Tennessee, to be United
States District Judge for the Middle District
of Tennessee, vice a new position created by
P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
SAMUEL F. NAPLES, of New Jersey, to be
United States Marshal for the District of
New Jersey, vice Carl E. Hirshman, resigned.
STEPHEN BERGER, of New York, to be Chairman of the Board of Directors of the United
States Railway Association for a term of 6
years, vice W. K. Smith, resigned.
Submitted February 28, 1980
JAMES EUGENE GOODBY, of New Hampshire,
a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America toFinland.
NORMA HOLLOWAY JOHNSON, of the District
of Columbia, to be United States District
Judge for the District of Columbia, vice
George L. Hart, Jr., retired.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of
the White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
Released February 26, 1980
Announcement: nomination of William Albert
Norris to be United States Circuit Judge for
the Ninth Circuit
423
-YWp-rrMllp-ur. —~rWP*lyiU
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released February 26-Continued
Announcement: nomination of Walter Meheula Heen to be United States District Judge
for the District of Hawaii
Announcement: nomination of Odell Horton
to be United States District Judge for the
Western District of Tennessee
Announcement: nomination of John T. Nixon
to be United States District Judge for the
Middle District of Tennessee
Announcement: nomination of Samuel F.
Naples to be United States Marshal for the
District of New Jersey
Released February 28, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Norma Holloway Johnson to be United States District
Judge for the District of Columbia
ACTS APROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved February 25, 1980
S. 1452 --- —---------- Public Law 96-195
An act to extend the provisions of title XII
of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, relating
to war risk insurance.
Approved February 28, 1980
H.J.Res. 469 --- —------ Public Law 96-196
A joint resolution designating February 18,
1980, as "Iwo Jima Commemoration Day".
H.J.Res. 477 --- —------ Public Law 96-197
A joint resolution to authorize and request
the President to issue a proclamation honoring the memory of Walt Disney on the
twenty-fifth anniversary of his contribution
to the American dream.
424
m
Week Ending Friday, March 7, 1980
Department of Education
Nomination of F. James Rutherford To Be an
Assistant Secretary. March 3, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate F. James Rutherford,
of Washington, D.C. to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Research and Improvement, a new position.
Rutherford has been Assistant Director
for Science Education at the National Science Foundation since 1977, on leave from
New York University, where he was chairman of the department of science education.
He was born July 11, 1924, in Stockton,
Calif. He received an A.B. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1947,
an M.A. from Stanford University in
1949, and an Ed. D. from Harvard University in 1962. He served in the U.S.
Navy from 1943 to 1946.
From 1949 to 1951, Rutherford was a
science teacher at South San Francisco
High School. From 1951 to 1954 and
1956 to 1959, he was a science teacher
and head of the science department at
Capuchino High School, San Bruno,
Calif. From 1961 to 1964, he was a science
consultant on science curriculum development and director of the ScienceHumanities Project for the San Mateo
Union High School District.
From 1964 to 1971, Rutherford was an
assistant, then associate professor of education at Harvard Graduate School of
Education. He was also codirector and
executive director of Harvard Project
Physics, a national curriculum project.
From 1971 to 1977, Rutherford was
professor of science education and chairman of the department of science education at New York University. He served
as head of the division of education for a
short time before going to the National
Science Foundation.
Rutherford is the author of numerous
publications on science education.
Department of Education
Nomination of Albert H. Bowker To Be an
Assistant Secretary. March 3,1980
The President today announced his
intention to nominate Albert H. Bowker,
of Berkeley, Calif., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Postsecondary Education, a new position.
Bowker has been chancellor of the University of California at Berkeley since
1971.
He was born September 8, 1919, in
Winchendon, Mass. He received a B.S.
from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1941 and a Ph. D. from Columbia
University in 1949.
From 1943 to 1945, Bowker was assistant director of a statistical research group
at Columbia University. He was on the
faculty at Stanford University from 1947
to 1963, serving as a professor of mathematics and statistics, director of the applied mathematics and statistics labs, and
from 1959 to 1963, as dean of the graduate division.
425
Mar. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
From 1963 to 1971, Bowker was chancellor of City University of New York.
Bowker is a fellow and former president
of the American Statistical Association.
He is the author of numerous articles and
several books on statistics.
Department of Education
Nomination of Thomas Kendall Minter To Be
an Assistant Secretary. March 3, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas Kendall
Minter, of Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Elementary and Secondary Education, a new
position.
Minter has been Deputy Commissioner
for Elementary and Secondary Education
at the United States Office of Education
since 1977.
He was born June 28, 1924, in the
Bronx, N.Y. He received a B.S. (1949)
and M.A. (1950) from New York University's School of Education, an S.M.M.
from Union Theological Seminary in
1955, and an Ed. D. from Harvard University's Graduate School of Education
in 1971.
From 1972 to 1975, Minter was superintendent for district seven of the school
district of Philadelphia, Pa. From 1975 to
1977, he was superintendent of the Wilmington, Del., public schools.
Department of Education
Nomination of Steven Alan Minter To Be
Under Secretary. March 3, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Steven Alan Minter,
of Shaker Heights, Ohio, to be Under
Secretary of Education, a new position.
Minter has been program officer and
vice president of the Cleveland Foundation since 1975, handling grants in health
and social services and assisting in civic
affairs.
He was born on October 23, 1938, in
Akron, Ohio. He received a B.A. in education from Baldwin-Wallace College in
1960 and a master's degree in social administration from Case Western Reserve
University in 1963.
From 1960 to 1970, Minter was with
the Cuyahoga County Welfare Department, beginning as a caseworker and
finally serving as director of the department in 1969 and 1970. From 1970 to
1975, he was commissioner of public welfare for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Minter is president of the American
Public Welfare Association and serves on
the board of trustees of the Child Welfare
League of America. He is on the board of
directors of the Association of Black
Foundation Executives.
Meeting With President Policarpo
Paz Garcia of Honduras
White House Statement. March 3, 1980
The President today met with General
Policarpo Paz, President of the Military
Junta of the Government of Honduras,
who has been in the United States on a
private visit.
The two Presidents exchanged views
on the political, economic, and social
problems confronting Central America.
General Paz and his advisers outlined for
the President Honduras' development and
security assistance needs and the transition process by which Honduras will return to constitutional rule. This process
begins with the election of a Constituent
Assembly on April 20.
426
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 4
The President expressed pleasure with
the Honduran commitment to the development of democratic institutions in
the context of equitable social and economic progress. He indicated that the
United States is prepared to support the
Honduran Government with economic
and security assistance because of its commitment to reforms, economic development, and free elections.
Israeli Settlements and the
Status of Jerusalem
Statement on the U.S. Vote in the Security
Council of the United Nations.
March 3, 1980
I want to make it clear that the vote of
the United States in the Security Council
of the United Nations does not represent
a change in our position regarding the
Israeli settlements in the occupied areas
nor regarding the status of Jerusalem.
While our opposition to the establishment of the Israeli settlements is longstanding and well-known, we made strenuous efforts to eliminate the language with
reference to the dismantling of settlements in the resolution. This call for dismantling was neither proper nor practical. We believe that the future disposition
of existing settlements must be determined during the current Autonomy
Negotiations.
As to Jerusalem, we strongly believe
that Jerusalem should be undivided, with
free access to the holy places for all faiths,
and that its status should be determined
in the negotiations for a comprehensive
peace settlement.
The United States vote in the United
Nations was approved with the understanding that all references to Jerusalem
would be deleted. The failure to com
municate this clearly resulted in a vote in
favor of the resolution rather than abstention.
I want to reiterate in the most unequivocal of terms that in the Autonomy Negotiations and in other fora, the United
States will neither support nor accept any
position that might jeopardize Israel's
vital security interests. Our commitment
to Israel's security and well-being remains
unqualified and unshakable.
Agency for International
Development
Nomination of Joseph C. Wheeler To Be
Deputy Administrator. March 4,1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Joseph C. Wheeler, of
Arlington, Va., to be Deputy Administrator of the Agency for International Development (AID). He would replace
Robert Nooter, resigned.
Wheeler has been Assistant Administrator of AID's Bureau for the Near East
since 1977.
He was born November 21, 1926, in
Concord, Mass. He received a B.A. from
Bowdoin College in 1950 and an M.P.A.
(1950) and M.A. (1951) from Harvard
Graduate School of Public Administration.
From 1961 to 1963, Wheeler was on
the Peace Corps staff in Washington and
New Delhi, India. From 1963 to 1965, he
was Director of AID's Office of Greece,
Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Central Treaty
Organization Affairs. From 1965 to 1967,
he was Director of the AID mission to
Jordan.
From 1967 to 1969, Wheeler was
Deputy Assistant Administrator of the
AID Bureau for the Near East and South
427
Mar. 4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Asia. From 1969 to 1977, he was Director
of the AID mission to Pakistan.
United States Arms Control
and Disarmament Agency
Nomination of David Marion Clinard To Be
an Assistant Director. March 4, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate David Marion Clinard, of
McLean, Va., to be an Assistant Director
of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament.Agency (ACDA). He would replace
John Newhouse, resigned, and his area of
responsibility would be international security programs.
Clinard has been deputy to the Assistant Director of ACDA for International
Security Programs since 1977.
He was born May 11, 1932, in WinstonSalem, N.C. He received a B.A. from the
University of North Carolina in 1953 and
an LL.B. from the University of North
Carolina Law School in 1956. From 1956
to 1960, he served in the U.S. Navy.
From 1960 to 1963, Clinard was with
the firm of Covington & Burling. He was
with the Department of the Navy from
1963 to 1966 and with the Office of the
Secretary of Defense from 1966 to 1970.
From 1970 to 1975, Clinard was Assistant Defense Advisor to the U.S. mission
to NATO. From 1975 to 1977, he was
Deputy Director of the European Region
of the International Security Agency.
Federal Maritime Commission
Nomination of Peter N. Teige To Be a
Commissioner. March 4,1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Peter N. Teige, of Menlo
Park, Calif., to be a Federal Maritime
Commissioner for a term expiring June
30, 1985.
Teige has been vice president for legal
affairs of World Airways, Inc., since 1969.
He was born July 9, 1919, in Chicago,
Ill. He received a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1941 and an LL.B.
from Harvard University Law School in
1947. He served in the U.S. Army during
World War II.
From 1947 to 1954, Teige was an attorney with the San Francisco firm of McCutchen, Thomas, Griffith, & Greene.
From 1954 to 1969, he was vice president
and general counsel of American President Lines, a major U.S. flag steamship
operator headquartered in San Francisco.
Budget Rescission
Message to the Congress. March 4,1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a
proposal to rescind $17.0 million in funds
appropriated for atomic energy defense
activities in the Department of Energy.
The details of this rescission proposal are
contained in the attached report.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 4, 1980.
NOTE: The attachment detailing the rescission
is printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March
10, 1980.
Massachusetts and Vermont
Democratic Party Primaries
Statement by the President. March 4, 1980
I deeply appreciate the expression of
strong support from the voters of Ver
428
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 5
mont and wish to congratulate Senator
Kennedy and his campaign organization
on their victory in Massachusetts.
Dedicated, hard-working volunteers are
always important in any political campaign. While I am remaining in Washington to manage the Nation's affairs, they
are doubly important. And I wish to
thank the hundreds of volunteers who
supported me in both States. I especially
appreciate the hard work of my many
supporters in Massachusetts, who did an
outstanding job under difficult circumstances.
All those citizens of both States, of both
parties, who exercised their right to vote
demonstrated their faith in the system of
representative democracy, which is the
strength of our Nation and the hope of
the world.
Next week a total of 418 delegates will
be at stake in political contests in 10
States over the country-Alabama,
Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Washington, and Wyoming. These important
political contests will continue to provide
an opportunity for this Nation's voters to
express their views on the type of leadership they want for the next 4 years, and I
look forward to those tests.
Generalized System of Preferences
for Developing Countries
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate on Suspending
Afghanistan's Designation as a Beneficiary
Developing Country. March 3, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
In accordance with the requirements of
section 502 (a) (2) of the Trade Act of
1974 (the Act), I am notifying the House
of Representatives (Senate) of my inten
tion to suspend, pursuant to section 504
of the Act, the designation of Afghanistan
as a beneficiary developing country for
purposes of the Generalized System of
Preferences. The suspension will be effective sixty days from the date of this
letter.
This decision is based on my determination that, as the result of the Soviet invasion, the United States no longer has
reasonable access to the commercial
markets of Afghanistan and it is not in the
national interest of the United States to
continue preferential duty-free treatment
for Afghanistan. I will consider reinstating
Afghanistan as a beneficiary developing
country for the purpose of the Generalized System of Preferences when the Soviet troops are withdrawn from the
country.
In reaching this conclusion, I have considered the factors set forth in sections
501 and 502(c), as required by section
504 of the Act.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
The text of the letters was released on
March 5.
Generalized System of Preferences
for Developing Countries
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate on the Designation of
Five New Beneficiary Developing Countries.
March 3, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
In accordance with section 502(a) of
the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, I
herewith notify the House of Representatives (Senate) of my intention to issue an
429
Mar. 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Executive Order designating Ecuador,
Indonesia, Uganda, Venezuela, and
Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) as beneficiary developing countries for purposes of the
Generalized System of Preferences.
The considerations which entered into
my decisions with respect to these countries were the following:
(1) The requests of the countries that
they be designated as beneficiaries.
(2) The level of economic development of the countries, including their per
capita gross national product, the general
living standards of their populations, the
levels of health, nutrition, education, and
housing of their populations, and the degree of industrialization of the countries.
(3) The fact that other major developed countries are extending generalized
preferential tariff treatment to such
countries.
(4) The fact that these countries provide the United States with equitable and
reasonable access to their markets and my
expectation that these policies will
continue.
(5) The legislative history of the Trade
Act, including the reports on that Act of
the House Ways and Means Committee
and the Senate Finance Committee.
(6) The legislative history of the
amendments to that Act contained in the
Trade Agreements Act of 1979.
Additional considerations entered into
my decisions with respect to Ecuador,
Indonesia, and Venezuela which are
members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). I
have determined that these countries are
not ineligible for preference under section
502(b) (2) of the Trade Act of 1974, as
amended, because, as required by section
502 (e) (2), these countries have entered
into bilateral product specific trade agreements with the United States under sec
tion 101 of the Trade Act of 1974 before
January 3, 1980.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters
addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker
of the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
The text of the letters was released on
March 5.
Teacher Day, USA
Proclamation 4730. March 5,1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The great strength of America lies in its
people, educated in the most comprehensive and open system of public education
the world has ever known.
We have an enormous stake in this system, and the key to it is the American
teacher. The men and women who staff
our schools spend countless hours inspiring, encouraging, informing, and preparing young people for the future. Their
hard work is a lifelong gift. Behind every
successful adult, there is usually a teacher
who was an inspiration for excellence.
Sadly, there has never been a national
observance of the profound debt we owe
our Nation's teachers. There is no time
each year when we can bestow the individual recognition, honor, and encouragement our teachers richly deserve.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate March 7, 1980, as
"Teacher Day, United States of America."
I ask all Americans to communicate
their personal appreciation, by word and
430
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 5
deed, to present and former teachers who
have enriched their lives.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of March,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
1:09 p.m., March 5, 1980]
Central Intelligence Agency
Retirement and Disability System
Executive Order 12197. March 5, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
Section 292 of the Central Intelligence
Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, as amended (50 U.S.C.
403 note), and in order to conform the
Central Intelligence Agency Retirement
and Disability System to certain amendments to the Civil Service Retirement and
Disability System (Public Law 95-317
and Public Law 95-366), it is hereby
ordered as follows:
1-101. The Director of Central Intelligence shall maintain the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability
System in accordance with the following
principles:
(a) The automatic restoration of the
reduction in the annuity of the annuitant
upon his or her remarriage shall be eliminated and the annuitant shall be allowed to elect, upon such remarriage,
whether to provide a survivor annuity for
the new spouse. The annuitant's election
shall be irrevocable during the remarriage, and must be made in a signed writ
ing and received by the Director within
one year after the date of the remarriage.
If the annuitant makes such an election,
his or her annuity shall be reduced by the
same percentage reduction which was in
effect immediately before the dissolution
of the previous marriage, and such reduction shall take effect on the first day of
the month beginning one year after the
date of the remarriage.
(b) The reduction in the annuity of an
annuitant shall be restored when a person
designated as having an insurable interest in the annuitant predeceases the annuitant. Payment of the annuity at the
single-life rate shall be effective the first
day of the month following the death of
the individual designated as having had
the insurable interest.
(c) An annuitant who was unmarried
at the time of retirement but who marries
after retirement shall be allowed to irrevocably elect, in a signed writing received by the Director within one year
after the date of the marriage, a reduction in his or her annuity to provide a
survivor annuity for his or her spouse.
Such reduction shall be effective the first
day of the month beginning one year after
the date of marriage. An election to provide an annuity to a surviving spouse
made under this provision voids prospectively any previous election to provide a
survivor annuity to an individual named
as having an insurable interest in the annuitant. Since the annuity reduction for
the benefit of a surviving spouse will not
take effect until the first day of the first
month beginning one year after the date
of the marriage, any annuity reduction in
effect for an insurable interest benefit will
not terminate until such date.
(d) Each annuitant shall be informed,
on an annual basis, of such annuitant's
rights of election under this Order.
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Mar. 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
(e) Payments to an annuitant which
are based upon his or her service shall be
paid, in whole or in part, by the CIA Retirement and Disability System to another
person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree
of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or
court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation. Any
payment under this provision to a person
bars recovery by any other person. This
provision shall only apply to payments
made after the date of receipt by the
Director of written notice of such decree,
order, or agreement, and such additional
information and documentation as the
Director may prescribe. As used in this
subsection "court" means any court of any
State or the District of Columbia.
1-102. (a) The provisions of Section
1-101(a) are effective as of October 1,
1978, and shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or
after October 1, 1978. No monetary benefit by reason of such provisions shall accrue for any period before such effective
date. The provisions of Section 1-101(a)
of this Order shall not affect the eligibility
of any individual to a survivor annuity in
the case of an annuitant who remarried
before October 1, 1978, unless the annuitant notifies the Director in a signed writing received by the Director no later than
December 31, 1980, that such annuitant
does not desire the spouse of the annuitant
to receive a survivor annuity in the event
of the annuitant's death. Such notification
shall take effect the first day of the first
month after it is received by the Director.
(b) The provisions of Section 1-101
(b) and (c) are effective as of October 1,
1978, and shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or
after October 1, 1978. No monetary bene
fit by reason of such provisions shall accrue
for any period before such effective date.
(c) The provisions of Sections 1-101
(d) and (e) are effective immediately.
1-103. The Director of Central Intelligence is authorized to prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the
provisions of this Order.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 5, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
1:10 p.m., March 5, 1980]
National Parks and Recreation
Act Amendments
Statement on Signing H.R. 3757 Into Law.
March 5, 1980
I have today signed H.R. 3757, a bill
which establishes the Channel Islands National Park in California, designates the
3,200-mile North Country National Scenic
Trail, and includes many other additional
improvements to this Nation's park and
recreational heritage. Many of the provisions contained in this bill amend and
strengthen the National Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, which I had the
pleasure to approve a little more than a
year ago.
The creation of Channel Islands National Park completes what President
Franklin Roosevelt began in 1938. He
created the Channel Islands National
Monument, consisting of Anacapa and
Santa Barbara Islands off the coast of
California, to preserve the outstanding
scenic and unique wildlife values found
there. This legislation expands the monument to protect Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa,
and San Miguel Islands and establishes
432
"-' --- —-— 11111111II. r 1 111
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 5
the Channel Islands as this Nation's 40th
national park.
H.R. 3757 contains numerous authorities for the acquisition of additional lands
within units of our National Park System.
The bill also directs the Secretary of the
Interior to identify and establish suitable
sites to commemorate United States Presidents, designates the Birch River in West
Virginia for study as a potential addition
to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System,
and establishes the Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural Area in the State of
Oregon.
The Nation owes a special thanks to all
those who have contributed to the passage
of this legislation. I would like to particularly recognize the authors of this billRepresentatives Phillip Burton, Anthony
Beilenson, and Robert Lagomarsino and
Senator Alan Cranston-for their diligence in pursuing this conservation goal.
In signing this bill, however, I must
note my concerns over the constitutionality of section 120, which would purport to
give the committees of the Congress power
to disapprove decisions made by the Secretary of the Interior to establish sites to
commemorate former Presidents. I fully
informed the Congress on June 21, 1978,
of my views regarding the use of such legislative veto devices. Further, the Department of Justice on August 7, 1978, informed the Senate Committee on Energy
and Natural Resources of its conclusion
that a virtually identical legislative veto
provision in a bill then pending before
that committee was unconstitutional.
Although I am signing this bill because
of its importance, I am also instructing
Secretary Andrus to regard the exercise of
committee power granted to it under section 120 as advisory only. The Secretary
will, of course, give the views of the committees and other Members of the Congress, as well as the general public, his
fullest consideration in the selection of
sites pursuant to this bill.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3757 is Public Law
96-199, approved March 5.
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons
White House Statement on the 10th
Anniversary of the Treaty. March 5, 1980
Today is the 10th anniversary of the
entry into force of the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons
(NPT). For the past decade this treaty
has admirably served the causes of international peace and technical progress in
the nuclear field and has become the
cornerstone of U.S. nonproliferation
policy.
The primary purpose of the NPT is to
reduce the likelihood of nuclear war by
preventing the spread of nuclear weapons.
No nonnuclear-weapon state party to the
NPT has, in the past decade, acquired
nuclear explosives, despite the fact that
some had the technological capability to
do so. The treaty has enhanced international security by diminishing regional
tensions, preempting regional nuclear
arms races, and diminishing the role of
nuclear weapons as symbols of national
prestige.
The NPT has provided an important
structure for the international transfer of
peaceful nuclear technology. Concern
over the spread of nuclear weapons capabilities could significantly limit international cooperation in this field if there
were no reliable method to ensure that
civil nuclear technology would not be diverted to military purposes. Through a
commitment to the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, NPT
433
Mar. 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
adherence helps provide assurance that
civil nuclear technology is used for legitimate peaceful purposes. Further assurances will be provided by the International Convention on the Physical
Protection of Nuclear Materials, which
the United States signed on March 3.
The NPT contains provisions that obligate all of its 112 parties-and in particular the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union-to pursue
effective nuclear arms control. Since the
treaty's entry into force, the United States
and the Soviet Union have agreed to the
ABM treaty and the SALT I interim
agreement, and the SALT II treaty has
been signed. We are continuing negotiations on a comprehensive test ban treaty.
In August of this year, the NPT adherents will meet in Geneva to review the
operation of the treaty over its first decade. The United States looks forward to
working with these states to strengthen
the NPT regime, to urge additional states
to adhere to the treaty, and to underscore
our shared commitment to controlling nuclear weapons and preventing their
proliferation.
Department of the Treasury
Nomination of Curtis Alan Hessler To Be an
Assistant Secretary. March 5, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Curtis Alan Hessler, of
Westlake Village, Calif., to be an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He would
replace Daniel Brill, resigned, and his area
of responsibility would be economic
policy.
Hessler was Associate Director of the
Office of Management and Budget from
1979 until earlier this year.
He was born December 27, 1943, in
Berwyn, Ill. He received a B.A. from Harvard College in 1966, attended Oxford
University on a Rhodes Scholarship, received a J.D. from Yale Law School in
1973, and received an M.A. from the
University of California at Berkeley in
1976.
From 1973 to 1974, Hessler was a
clerk for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the
U.S. Court of Appeals, and from 1974 to
1975, he was law clerk for Justice Potter
Stewart of the Supreme Court. In 1976
he practiced law with the Los Angeles
firm of Munger, Tolles & Rickershauser.
From 1976 to 1977, Hessler was a senior
policy adviser in economics for the CarterMondale Transition Planning Group.
From 1977 to 1979, he was Executive Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury
and Executive Director of the Cabinet
Economic Policy Group.
United States Ambassador to
Mexico
Nomination of Julian Nava. March 5,1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Julian Nava, of Northridge,
Calif., to be Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of the United States
to Mexico. He would replace Patrick J.
Lucey, resigned.
Nava is special assistant to the president
of California State University and previously taught history there for 22 years.
He was born June 19, 1927, in Los
Angeles, Calif. He received an A.B. from
Pomona College in 1951 and an A.M.
and Ph. D. from Harvard University in
1955. He served in the U.S. Naval Air
Force from 1945 to 1946.
From 1953 to 1954, Nava was a teacher
at the United States Cultural Center in
434
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 5
Caracas, and from 1955 to 1957, he was a
teacher at the University of Puerto Rico.
From 1957 to 1979, he was a professor of
history at California State University.
In 1962-63 Nava taught at the Universidad de Valladolid in Spain, and in
1964-65 he taught at the Centro de
Estudio Universitarios Colombo-Americano in Bogota. From 1967 to 1979, he
served on the Los Angeles Board of Education. He has been special assistant to the
president of California State University
since earlier this year.
Nava is chairman of the McGraw-Hill
National Broadcasting Advisory Council
for Public Service Programs and has
served as president of the Pacific Coast
Council on Latin American Studies. He is
on the boards of Plaza de la Raza and the
Hispanic Urban Center and on the advisory committees of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund
and Bilingual Children's Television. He
is the author of numerous books and
articles on the history of Mexican
Americans.
Visit of Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt of the Federal
Republic of Germany
Remarks to Reporters Following a Meeting.
March 5,1980
THE CHANCELLOR. Ladies and gentlemen, the President has asked me to speak
first, and so I will, reluctantly, because it's
not so easy to talk to a foreign audience in
a foreign language. I have an interpreter
at my right side; in case that I might drop
into German, he will help me out.
Let me first express my gratitude for
being invited by President Jimmy Carter
to visit with him in the American Capital.
We had a thorough discussion this afternoon about the global situation. I also
had discussions with the Foreign Secretary, with the Secretary of Defense, and
with the Security Adviser early on this
morning. The President and I covered on
the fields which need joint analysis, need
joint decision, especially after Tehran,
especially after Afghanistan.
Let me insert here that I, as a person,
having gone through some experience in
my compatriots being taken as hostages
at earlier occasions-that I, as a person,
am full of admiration for the patience
and discipline with which the American
Nation and its President have, so far,
acted in a situation of bitter frustration.
We Germans and many Europeans alike
are feeling the same feelings which obviously are prevailing in this country and
this Nation. And we think that, so far,
America and the American President-if
I may say so, as a smaller ally, Mr. President-America and the American President have shown a great example of
statesmanship in dealing with that very
difficult situation. I deeply share the hopes
of the American Nation that there will be
freedom for these 50 of your compatriots
soon.
I don't know whether these attempts to
express my feelings are clear enough to
you, but I really want you to understand
how much we feel to be on your sides regarding the hostage affair in Tehran. But
we also do feel to be on your sides as your
allies, as your friends, as an ally who owes
so much to the American Nation over a
period of 35 years after the war, who owes
so much to America, even going back to
the American Revolution more than 200
years ago-I would like to mention the
fact that the basic rights in our constitution go right back to the tradition of the
American Revolution-as an ally who
owes so much to the United States that
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we feel to stand side by side with the
Americans, as well, in the aftermath of
Afghanistan.
We try to contribute to our joint
policies regarding Afghanistan, regarding
the whole region of Southwest Asia, regarding the Gulf area, especially regarding the Soviet Union, as much as we can.
We are in a different situation than
most other Western countries, because we
are a divided nation. Part of our nation is
living on the eastern side, on the Communist side of Europe, against their own
will-60 million. We also have the Berlin
situation, which is not so easy. We are
thankful to our American and French
and British friends, who hold their
shields over Berlin.
But within the limitations naturally
flowing from that specific situation, we
contribute not only to the conceptual work
in this situation but also in a more material way, as regards considerable military aid to Turkey, considerable financial
aid to Turkey, not only this year, not only
after Afghanistan, but all over the last
couple of years; considerable financial aid
to Pakistan, not only since yesterday but
over the last couple of years, and we'll
enlarge it, double it in 1980. I told the
President about the plans we have in that
field. We are going to propose a supplementary budget to our Parliament within the next couple of weeks in order to get
the money approved for these purposes.
On the other hand, in the central
European theater we are doing what we
have jointly decided in NATO as regards
the long-term defense program, as well as
regards the NATO decisions from
December last, on modernization of the
allied theater nuclear forces, on the one
hand, and offer negotiations on mutual
limitations of that kind of medium-range
ballistic nuclear forces towards the Soviet
Union, on the other hand.
I would like to, in this context, if I may
and if I'm not talking too long, JimmyI would like to mention, in this context,
that the Federal Republic of Germany is
a small country as regards area, densely
populated-as densely as the centerpiece
of the American east coast. We have concentrated quite a bit of military defensive
capabilities in that little country, not only
German capabilities-American capabilities, French, British, Belgian, Dutch,
even Danish capabilities. We'll pursue
that.
The President and I, of course, consulted not only on defense matters. We
also talked about economic matters, energy. We talked about the different situations in other parts of the world. I would
like to say, in the end, that this has been
a thorough consultation. We are not
finished as yet. We have some other opportunities tonight to continue.
There have been some press reports in
Germany, other places also, in America,
talking about difficulties in consulting
each other. I would like to state here that
right now, and in the last couple of weeks
as well, the amount of consultation between Europeans, including Germany, on
the one hand and our powerful American
ally on the other hand have been penetrating consultations, have been illuminating consultations. We are satisfied
with that state of affairs between ourselves and Europe on the one hand and
the Americans, Canadians, on the other.
Let me express my sincere belief in the
ability of the North Atlantic Alliance to
fulfill its tasks. I'm not only talking about
the defensive tasks but the political tasks,
the joint political tasks, and the difficulties of the world after the military invasion of the Soviet Union into Afghanistan.
I would also like to mention to you that
I'm, of course, talking on behalf of my
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Mar. 5
country, but that I believe that I'm also
expressing the general mood and attitude
of the other European nations and, the
other European governments.
Let me close by saying that I'll regard
this visit as a very important one, coming
in a rather difficult international situation. But on the other hand, I'm really
thankful for having been able to visit the
American President at this time and
thankful indeed for the high amount of
agreement among ourselves.
The agreement between the United
States of America and its European ally,
Federal Republic of Germany-the
amount of agreement is enormous. There
are, from time to time, also nuances considering this question or that one. There
are, of course, also, by nature and for
geopolitical reasons as well, sometimes
differences of interest. But I would like
you press people not to dwell on these all
the time. But please don't overlook the
fact of a basic agreement between two nations, and don't overlook the fact that we
Germans are aware of how much we owe
to the United States in the past-in the
historic past and the past of the last 30 or
35 years-how much we owe them today.
And we look forward to be in a good connection with the United States also in the
future.
Thank you very much. Beg your pardon, Jimmy, for having talked so long.
THE PRESIDENT. Fine. Thank you very
much. I'll just add a brief word.
Our Nation is honored and I am honored personally to have Chancellor Helmut Schmidt here. There has been no
more gratifying experience in my own
term as President than has been the close
personal relationship that he and I have
enjoyed, the closeness of our two governments, and the close relationship and
mutual security arrangements that exist
between the American people and the
people of Germany.
We have constantly benefited in this
Nation from the experience and the advice and the support of Chancellor
Schmidt. With 'his broad background in
government and defense and finance and
economics and in political interrelationships and international affairs, I've
always turned to him in moments of common concern for advice and for consultation. He and I exchange messages
frequently, without any fanfare or sense
of urgency or crisis, talk to one another on
the telephone frequently. And it's always
a matter of reassurance to me, after I
consult with him, that our common judgment is sound.
We have been particularly involved together in recent months, after the American hostages were seized in Iran and
since the Soviets have invaded Afghanistan. The Federal Republic of Germany
has made its position clear both in the
United Nations on several occasions, in
these private consultations, and through
their public actions.
We understand that because of their
geographical location, the vulnerability of
Berlin, and the leadership role that the
Federal Republic does play within the
European Community, that there are
sometimes different direct interests, but
we have never failed to have adequate
support in a matter of crisis or concern
to our people. One of the most valuable
assets that our own Nation has is this
close relationship with our Atlantic Allies.
Our security is directly involved in the
security of Europe. And the 300,000
American troops stationed there are stationed there not only to help defend
Europe and its freedom but directly-not
indirectly, but directly-to defend our
own Nation's security and the freedom of
the American people.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We are deeply grateful for his presence,
for the benefit of this meeting, and for the
bright future that we know our people
will enjoy together because of our mutual
support and a mutual relationship, that
has been expressed so well by Chancellor
Schmidt.
Thank you very much.
THE CHANCELLOR. Thank you.
NOTE: The Chancellor spoke at 4:28 p.m. on
the South Grounds of the White House.
Visit of Chancellor Schmidt of
the Federal Republic of Germany
Joint Press Statement. March 5, 1980
President Carter and the Chancellor of
the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Schmidt, held a lengthy conversation in Washington, March 5, during the
Chancellor's official visit to Washington,
March 4-6. The Chancellor, who last met
with the President in June 1979, was in
Washington at the President's invitation.
He was accompanied by Mrs. Schmidt.
His party also included the Federal Minister of Finance, Hans Matthoefer; the
State Secretary in the Federal Chancellery, Dr. Manfred Schueler; the State
Secretary and Chief of the Press and Information Office, Klaus Boelling; the
State Secretary of the Federal Foreign
Office, Guenther van Well; the Chief of
the Federal Armed Forces Staff, General
Juergen Brandt; as well as the following
representatives of German business and
labor: The Chairman of the German
Trade Union Federation, Heinz Oskar
Vetter; the Chairman of the Federation
of German Chambers of Commerce and
Industry, Otto Wolff von Amerongen;
the Chairman of the German Federation
of Industry, Professor Dr. Rolf Roden
stock; the Chairman of the Civil Servants
and Transportation Workers Union,
Heinz Kluncker; and Mr. Philipp Rosenthal, Member of Parliament and Chairman of Rosenthal China.
During his visit, the Federal Chancellor also met with, among others, Secretary of State Vance; Secretary of the
Treasury Miller; Secretary of Defense
Brown; Secretary of Labor Marshall; Secretary of Energy Duncan; Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs,
Dr. Brzezinski; Chairman of the Federal
Reserve Board Volcker; and the President of AFL-CIO Lane Kirkland. The
Chancellor's program also includes a
meeting with Senate Majority Leader
Robert Byrd, Chairman of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee Frank
Church, and other distinguished Members of Congress.
The conversation between the President and the Chancellor covered a wide
range of political, security and economic
issues of mutual interest for the two countries. Their meeting followed an intensive
period of high-level consultations between
the two governments, including visits to
Washington and Bonn by the respective
Foreign Ministers and several exchanges
between the President and the Chancellor. The President and the Chancellor
agreed on the necessity of continuing
these close consultations in order to assure
full coordination of the policies followed
by the two countries on major international issues. They also agreed that intensified bilateral and multilateral consultations between all of the Western Allies
were essential, particularly in lightvof the
current international situation.
The Chancellor expressed his highest
respect and admiration for the President's exceptional statesmanship in the
crisis caused by the illegal and abhorrent
holding of the hostages in Tehran and
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Mar. 5
for the courage and patience shown by the
American people.
In their review of the international situation, the President and the Chancellor
agreed that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan had created a serious threat to
international peace and security. They
confirmed their determination, together
with their Allies, to take the measures necessary in the circumstances to guarantee
their security and defend international
stability as also stated in the Joint FrancoGerman Declaration of February 5, 1980.
They reiterated their governments'
condemnation of the Soviet invasion and
called upon the Soviet Union immediately to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan. They noted with satisfaction that
their assessments of the implications of
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were
quite close and they agreed upon the
measures which each country should take
in response to the Soviet action, including
the need for urgent assistance to Turkey
and Pakistan. The President noted with
satisfaction the decision of the Federal
government to coordinate Western assistance to Turkey in 1980. The President
and the Chancellor expressed the determination of their governments to make
major contributions to the common effort
of assisting Turkey and Pakistan. In this
connection, the Chancellor proposed a
debt rescheduling for Pakistan.
The President and the Chancellor
agreed that the independence of the countries of the Third World is an essential
element of world peace and stability.
They underlined the necessity not only to
recognize the independence and self-reliance of the Third World countries, but
also to assist those countries economically
and politically on the basis of equal
partnership.
The President and the Chancellor discussed the importance of increased efforts
to strengthen NATO defenses. They reaffirmed their strong support for the
NATO Long-Term Defense Program and
for the NATO aim of three percent annual real growth in defense spending.
The President noted the strong efforts of
the Federal Republic in the defense field
in recent years and welcomed the Chancellor's statement that the Federal Republic would achieve three percent real
growth in its 1980 defense budget as it
has in the past. The President reviewed
U.S. defense programs which have been
made much more urgent in the light of
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The
Chancellor agreed that it was essential
for America's Allies to share equitably in
collective defense efforts to meet the
needs of the common defense.
The President and the Chancellor
agreed that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan has also had a seriously detrimental effect on the economic relations
of the West with the USSR. They agreed
on the importance of taking, in coordination with their Allies, the necessary
measures. They also agreed that in shaping economic relations with the Soviet
Union care must be taken not to
strengthen the USSR's armament efforts
and military potential.
The President expressed his support for
the proposal announced February 19 by
the Foreign Ministers of the European
Community aimed at reestablishing a
neutral, nonaligned and independent
Afghanistan, on the basis of total and
prompt withdrawal of Soviet troops.
The President and the Chancellor
agreed that participation in the Olympic
Games would be inappropriate as long as
Soviet occupation in Afghanistan continues. The President stated that the
United States would not participate in
the Olympic Games in Moscow. The
Chancellor emphasized that it is up to the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Soviet Union to create the conditions
that athletes from all countries will be
able to participate in the Olympic
Games, and that at present such conditions do not exist.
The President and the Chancellor reiterated their countries' commitment to
the reduction of tension throughout the
world. They agreed that in the current
period of heightened tensions it is desirable to maintain the framework of EastWest relations that has been built over
two decades.
The President and the Chancellor
stressed their continuing support for the
arms control negotiations. The Chancellor welcomed the President's recent statement that he planned to seek ratification
of the SALT II Treaty by 'the United
States Senate as soon as this was practicable. The President and the Chancellor
agreed that the NATO Allies should continue to press ahead with their December
20, 1979, initiative in the MBFR talks in
Vienna, their Long-Range Theater Nuclear Force (LRTNF) deployment decision of last December 12 as well as their
offer for negotiations in the framework of
SALT III aiming at limitations on U.S.
and Soviet LRTNF on the basis of equality. They expressed regret that the Soviet
Union had responded negatively to the
United States' proposal, based on the
December 12 decision within the Alliance,
on arms control negotiations involving
Long-Range Theater Nuclear Forces.
They reaffirmed the determination of the
Alliance to keep this offer on the table.
They expressed their concern that the
continuing Soviet LRTNF arms buildup
increases the existing imbalance. The
President and the Chancellor agreed that
at the upcoming follow-up meeting of the
Conference on Security and Cooperation
in Europe which will take place in Madrid
this fall, the Allies should conduct a
thorough review of the implementation
of all aspects of the Helsinki Final Act
and consider proposals aimed at furthering the objectives of the Final Act. In
this respect, they reaffirmed the position
taken by the Foreign Ministers of the Alliance on December 14, 1979.
Having in mind the need to achieve a
comprehensive peace settlement in the
Middle East, the President and the
Chancellor discussed the latest developments in that region, in particular the
autonomy negotiations currently underway between Egypt and Israel within the
Camp David framework. They agreed on
the urgent need for progress in these
negotiations.
The President and the Chancellor reviewed the current international economic situation, with particular emphasis
on the energy problem and financial
questions arising from the recent sharp increases in oil prices. They agreed that the
program adopted by the Seven-Nation
Economic Summit in Tokyo last June remained valid and that its objectives
should be pursued. They stressed the need
for further urgent efforts aimed at expanding alternate sources of energy, in
particular coal, nuclear, renewable resources as well as coal gasification and
liquefaction, and reducing energy consumption by all means possible. They
pledged to cooperate with other nations
in taking new medium and long-term
actions to these ends in the International
Energy Agency and at the Venice Economic Summit.
They expressed particular concern over
the worsening economic conditions of the
developing countries resulting in large
measure from the continued increase in
energy prices and expressed the readiness
of their governments, together with other
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
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countries, including the OPEC countries,
to seek ways to help oil-importing developing countries produce more energy.
They agreed that in the present circumstances healthy growth by these countries
is essential to a prosperous world economy,
and that both the OPEC countries and
the industrial countries should help. The
two Heads of Government exchanged
views about the actions they are taking
to overcome inflation and achieve sound
and sustained growth. The President described the Administration's program of
fiscal restraint, efforts to reduce energy
consumption and to increase energy supplies, and steps to curtail present rates of
inflation. The Chancellor expressed confidence in the prospects of success of these
actions and described the current stance
of monetary and fiscal development and
energy policy in the Federal Republic of
Germany. The President and the Chancellor stressed the importance of resisting
protectionist measures that would impede
trade, retard growth and add to inflation.
The two Heads of Government agreed
that the key to success in the economic
field is to be found in holding to present
economic policies over a sustained period.
They shared the view that if these policies
are continued and strengthened, the main
industrial countries can restore non-inflationary growth from which all will
benefit.
The President and the Chancellor saw
in this visit further proof of their fundamental commitment to the North Atlantic
Alliance and of the close friendship and
partnership between their countries. They
were agreed that it is not only the common security interests that link the two
countries together but also their common
principles and values, their democratic
way of life and their belief in the inalienable rights of man.
Visit of Chancellor Schmidt of
the Federal Republic of Germany
Toasts at the State Dinner. March 5, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. When I tapped on my
glass, nobody got quiet, but when[laughter]-when Chancellor Schmidt
tapped on his glass, instantly-absolute
silence.
It's a distinct honor and a pleasure for
us to have all of you here in the White
House and particularly to have our guests
from Germany here from the Federal Republic, both Chancellor Schmidt and his
wife, his distinguished associates in the
Government, and a group of both businesss and labor leaders from the Federal
Republic, who have honored us with their
presence.
I think, as all of you know, we in the
Western World, perhaps in the entire
world, face very difficult challenges-financial, economic, social, military, political challenges. And it's a great assurance,
and a feeling of stability and thanksgiving
comes over a President when he has a
guest and a friend like Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt.
This is a time of difficulty for us all.
It's a time of potential crisis. It's a time
when we need the closest possible allies
and friends. It's a time when it's both reassuring and helpful to have someone on
whom we can depend who is experienced
and enlightened and strong and courageous, and I think this litany of descriptive words accurately fits our guest tonight, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt.
I have not known him except for the
last 5 or 6 years. I met him first when I
was a Governor, in a brief trade visit to
the Federal Republic. He was the Finance
Minister of his country at that time. Since
then, we've both been promoted to some
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degree. [Laughter] But I came there at a
time when we were searching for additional investments in our own State. It
was the time of Watergate. And when I
went into Helmut's office, he said, "If
you'll spend 30 minutes explaining Watergate to me, I'll spend 30 minutes helping you with your economic mission."
[Laughter] So, we became early friends
then. He was a very good host for me.
And since then, we've learned to respect
him and to know him as a great world
leader.
In the early seventies or even before, I
think Chancellor Schmidt was one of the
first men in a position of top leadership
to recognize the crucial need for a correlation between economic strength and
analysis on the one hand and military
strength and commitment on the other,
and how those two might be welded for
the Atlantic Alliance.
When I first began to meet with him
after I became President, we were in London, the first year of my own term in
office. And Helmut Schmidt was the one
that put forward, in the most clear and
concise and understandable terms, the
need for all of us leaders of the Western
democracies to address the very complicated issue of energy and how the future
portended, for us all, a time of challenge
and a time of difficulty, but a time when
our enlightened communication with one
another might help to alleviate the concerns that we all felt so deeply. His economic analysis of it, his knowledge of the
background of the energy shortage development, his relationship with the OPEC
countries was of great benefit to us then.
Later, of course, I think Helmut was
the first one to recognize the growing
threat to Western Europe and to the
NATO alliance of the unpublicized
buildup of Soviet theater nuclear weapons. And he presented the case very
clearly to the rest of us, and we began to
study this issue more thoroughly. And
eventually he exerted again his strong
leadership in Western Europe to encourage our allies to work with us in committing ourselves jointly to meet this
threat in a carefully planned, moderate,
but effective way, not to cause an escalation in tension or an escalation in division
among us, but to cause us to address the
question in the most effective possible
fashion.
We recognize that there are serious
threats to stability and that we have come,
in this last few years, to value highly the
benefits of detente and to recognize
clearly that in spite of all of our other
possible diversion of issues that are important, the control of weaponry and the
control of nuclear weaponry must be at
the top of our agenda. These commitments have been shaken, but not changed,
by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
We are still committed to detente. We
are still committed to avoid a resumption
of the cold war. We are still committed
to the control of nuclear and conventional weapons. We are still committed
to cooperation among nations on Earth.
We are still committed to stability and to
peace. And we are still committed to making sure that every action we take to alleviate crises is a peaceful action and is a
constructive action that will help to
achieve our goals without violating these
deep commitments and principles on
which our Nation's policies have been
founded.
I might say that our country has been
both deeply concerned and aroused by
the capture of the American hostages and
the holding of them as prisoners. At this
very moment, this gross illegality is being
perpetrated against innocent Americans.
I never forget them for one instant of my
waking moments. And I know American
people have appreciated deeply the strong
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and consistent support and the beneficial
influence that has been exerted by the
Federal Republic of Germany under the
leadership of Helmut Schmidt.
Our alliance is firm, and the solidarity
of it is vital. And it's also extremely important to let the public know that there
is no division among us, that we do stand
together to face challenges, crises, and
opportunities for the future.
We had a long discussion this afternoon about these matters and many others. We took a long time to discuss them;
we were not in a hurry. Both of us set
aside the afternoon for this purpose. And
it was extremely helpful to me, as President of our country, to have the advice
and the counsel of our visitor, Helmut
Schmidt.
We have to recognize that our policy
toward those who might threaten peace
must be clear, it must be consistent, it
must be comprehensible; there must not
be any room for miscalculation. And
that's the effort that we have mounted.
We also recognize that alliances, to be
strong, must be voluntary. They cannot
be formed through coercion. They must
be based on mutual ideals, mutual concepts, and mutual goals. They must be
mutually beneficial on a continuing basis.
And we also recognize that strong societies have to be dependent upon the freedom of those who comprise them.
This evening I'm very grateful that
Helmut Schmidt and I lead two great nations who comprise alliances of many
kinds, based on voluntary association,
based upon shared ideals, shared concepts, shared goals, and shared commitments. And I would like to ask you to
join me in a toast to Chancellor Helmut
Schmidt and his lovely wife, to the people
whom they represent in the Federal Republic of Germany, bound to us through
alliances, through friendship, and through
a common dedication to peace and to
freedom.
THE CHANCELLOR. Mr. President,
ladies and gentlemen:
I would like to, in the first instance,
thank you, Mr. President, for your kind
and friendly and even flattering words
in the beginning. I would also like to
thank you, on behalf of my wife and members of my delegation, for having invited
us.
I would like to thank you and your
Cabinet officers and others whose advice
we had, starting yesterday night and all
over today, and will have tomorrow on
several issues, in several fields-the economy, financial problems, monetary problems, energy problems, foreign policy and
international affairs, our common defenses. And, which matters most, I would
like to thank you personally for the continuation of the very frank and open way
in which we have come to talk and listen
to each other over the couple of years you
have been mentioning a minute ago.
I'm not so sure how often I have been
visiting the United States in the last 30
years, but it might be the 40th or the 45th
visit now, which puts the American President at the advantage to ask for me to
talk in your own language. But I still have
a little difficulty as you've just noticed.
President Jimmy Carter has not said
one single word or not said one single
sentence to which I could not subscribe
a hundred percent. And so, it would be
easy for me just to state this truth that I
can subscribe, not only as an individual
but speaking for my government, speaking for my nation, that I am in a position
to subscribe to it a hundred percent and
then sit down again. But I guess that some
of you would like to hear me express a
few of the thoughts which come to my
mind in listening to your President.
[Applause]
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Jimmy, let me say this: I regard this
clapping your hands as an unfriendly
provocation. [Laughter] I will try to respond to that kind of provocation.
I think the President is right in stating that we are living in an uneasy period
of the development of this world. At least
we feel it to be the same situation as you
expressed it 5 minutes ago. We feel
especially irritated, frustrated, we share
your bitter feelings as regards the capturing of your hostages in Tehran. And we
know very well what you are talking of,
what we are talking of, in expressing our
solidarity, because we have had some
experiences of the same kind, not lasting
120 days, lasting a little shorter in our
case, or cases-we had several such cases.
But we very well understand, and we are
feeling as you do.
And I have told my public and my
Parliament: "Imagine," I said to our
countrymen, "Imagine what feelings
would be our feelings now if these were
Germans and not Americans. And try to
imagine how impatient we would be in
the meantime and how many temptations
would have occurred in the meantime for
us to act harshly, intervene by means
that one could think of." And I always
have, after having expressed this many,
many times over the last 3 months, since
the 4th of November-I always have
added my great admiration for the statesmanship, for the prudence, admiration for
the patience which you showed in dealing with that situation.
We deeply share your hope that you
will be able to liberate these people,
uninjured, and give them back to their
families, to their wives. But it's not the
only danger we are experiencing right
now. There are other dangers as well.
The President and I have been talking
quite a bit, and also the Secretary of
State and the Secretary of Defense and
also the Security Adviser to the President.
And we have been talking about the problems of how-we in the West-do we
shield ourselves against the dangers which
are clear and present in the case of Afghanistan, in the case of theoretically
thinkable repetitions of what has happened there, and what are the goals which
we have to strive for in such a situation,
what are the means that are in our hands,
that are at our disposition, what are the
ways by which we could effectively apply
those means.
To speak frankly, if I read the European press or if I read the American press,
one gets the impression of a great amount
of irritation between Europe and the
United States or between the United
States and Europe regarding these subjects of our consultations. But to tell you
the truth, ladies and gentlemen, I don't
have, as a person, I don't feel these irritations. There are some false stories in the
world.
And I take this opportunity to have a
chance to talk to American citizens in
order to ask a favor of you: namely, to tell
your countrymen that not only my nation,
the Germans for whom I am legitimated
to speak, but also other European nations,
other Europeans, know very well where
they stand-namely, side to side with the
American Nation-know very well that
they cannot preserve their peace and their
liberty without the Americans, that we
are dependent on each other. And to
quote a phrase from a very close friend of
mine-not a German, but a Frenchman-"When all the chips are down,
there's no doubt about our depending on
you." And to some degree we feel certain
that, also, in such a situation you will need
us Europeans.
We have been preparing for helping
each other to preserve our freedom, to
preserve our peace, for more than a quarter of a century now. And our longstand
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Mar. 5
ing alliance so far has been very, very
effective, which has been overshadowed
from time to time by the stories which are
being printed in newspapers or by the
stories which are being broadcasted by
other media. We've been very, very effective.
There have been two World Wars in
this century. Both of them were generated in central Europe, I hate to admit,
both of them-the first one to quite a considerable degree, the second one totally
generated in Germany. And we feel sure
that there must not and that there will
not be a third catastrophe in our lifetime,
the span of our lifetime.
But having mentioned the two great
wars, it comes to my mind that I had the
intention, after having talked about the
solidarity between us Europeans and you
Americans, between us Germans and you
Americans-that I had the intention after
that to also mention the specific situation
in which my nation finds itself.
It's sometimes been overlooked that the
Federal Republic of Germany, which is a
sovereign state, a state with a solid democracy, a solid economy, a solid political
setup, a solid relationship between labor
and entrepreneurs, rather agreeable economic performance-it sometimes has
been overlooked that this is only a part of
a nation and that there are 16 million
Germans living outside our borders, living
in a Communist state, a puppet state,
under the immediate presence of I don't
know how many hundreds of thousands of
Soviet soldiers, ground forces as well as
air force, and that it has taken us an
enormous diplomatic, psychological effort
to establish at least some ways and means
and channels of communication with our
countrymen, with our 16 million countrymen in the Communist orbit.
And they are the ones who would suffer
in the first instance if we get back to the
cold war. As the President said, this must
be avoided. I fully share his view. These
Germans would be the first ones, and the
Berliners may be the second ones. And the
Germans who still live in the Soviet Union
proper would suffer as much as the Jews
who are living in the Soviet Union and
want to get permission to leave the Soviet
Union-to get to Israel, for instance.
They will be the ones who will suffer in a
case of a cold war type confrontation.
Now, it is not only our choice to avoid
that. The West is not the only partner in
the global game. You have the Russians;
you have a superpower there which is
behaving in a way that implies threats to
all our liberties, to all our freedom. We
have to respond to that. Now we have the
will to respond to it.
I would underline anything the President has said about our will to avoid falling back into a cold war, about our will
to control armaments in a war, to hold
them under control, to limit it mutually.
And I would like to add, just as a footnote, one could also transcribe our joint
will as a will to maintain an equilibrium
of power vis-a-vis the Soviet Union. And
we will not-neither will you nor will we
nor will your other European alliesallow a situation in which, in the end, the
Soviet Union could overwhelm their
European neighbors or other nations in
the world.
I would, just as a footnote, stress this
necessity of a balance of military power
in Europe and in the world as a prerequisite for detente. I am fully aware that
the President and I share this view, but
sometimes I have the impression that
some American people, some writers or
speakers in this country, seem to believe
that we are only pursuing detente without seeing to the maintenance of the balance of power. This would be a false
interpretation.
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Mar. 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We are contributing quite a bit-we
Germans are contributing quite a bit to
this balance of military power in Europe.
I'm rather proud of our contribution. And
you can rest assured that we are going not
only to maintain that but to modernize
it and to add to it if necessary, as equilibrium or balance of power is nothing which
you can create on Monday and rest
assured for the rest of the week; you have
to evaluatt the situation again on Tuesday and Wednesday and Thursday, Friday and Saturday and even on Sunday
and have to reanalyze it next week and
the week after next. And sometimes you
will see that you have to mend your
fences here or there. And all the time, you
have to try to bring about equilibrium by
mutual limitation of military force, mutual limitation on the control of the arms
race, applied to the East as well as to the
West.
I beg your pardon for having been a7
little bit too long in dwelling on this point.
I have also another point in mind which
I would like to present to you or share my
thoughts with you. That is, after having
talked about the basic attitude in which
my people look upon their great ally and
friend, the American Nation, I would
like you to know that this has had already, so far, much greater an impact on
our society, on the spirit in our society,
even on our constitution than quite a
few Americans understand and than quite
a few Germans do understand.
For instance, we take pride in the fact
that the Federal Republic of Germany,
by any historic yardstick, now is the most
stable democracy Germany ever has produced. They haven't produced so many
democracies so far-only two of them.
The first one failed after 12 or 13 years.
And there were quite a few people in the
world, including quite a few Germans,
that did not believe that our people
would be able, after the devastation of
the Second World War-not only devastation in the physical sense of the word
but even more so in the moral sense of
the word-that we should have been able
to bring about such political stability. But
we did so with the help of our friends
abroad, with the help of the French, the
British, especially with the help of the
Americans.
I would like to bring to your awareness,
for instance, the constitution which we
adopted 31 years ago. To a considerable
part, especially as regards that part which
is totally new to the history of constitutions in my country, namely, the basic
rights for the individual, this stems-if
you tried to trace the historical origins,
this goes back to the American Revolution, it goes back to Philadelphia, it goes
back to the spiritual development in this
country more than 200 years ago. And it
has produced a basic change of thinking
about the role of the state versus the individual in my nation —a very sound and
healthy change of thinking about the role
of state or society, about the role of the
individual.
I guess that historians, sometime to
come in the future, will explore this or
might detect for the first time what I'm
trying to explain to you. There is a much
greater heritage in Germany-we inherited much more from the United States,
from the American people, than we are
aware of and possibly than you are aware
of. I'm not talking, which I also could,
about all the amount of help we have
been given by your Nation in the last 35
years.
Let me talk a little bit about the future,
in making a third point in a little pre
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 5
dinner speech. I think, by the way, it's a
good habit to have the speeches before
the dinner, because those who have to
speak always sit here, eat their meat, in
anxiety about the fact that they have to
pay for it afterwards. Now you make us
pay before the dinner, and that's a better
method. But you still have to listen to a
third point which I would like to make,
a point about the future.
Please be assured that I cannot foresee,
that my people, my nation cannot foresee a future for the democratic liberal type
of society which you represent, which we
represent, which others in Europe represent, which others in North America and
other parts of the world do represent-I
cannot foresee a future for that if not in
a rather great amount of cooperation between those liberal democracies which we
do represent. There ought to be a great
amount of cooperation.
On the other hand, I do foresee a
peaceful and successful future for the
democracies in the world, because I'm
quite sure that we'll be able to cooperate,
that we don't only have the will but we
do also have the capacity to cooperate. In
so doing, we'll not always be in the position to do the same thing at the same time
and to use the same language at the same
time. You will use English, for instance;
I will use German. And already this makes
a difference, I can tell you, if I ask the
people who had to write down the press
release today, after noon. Some words
sound different in English than they do
sound in German, for instance.
We will not only use different languages, we will have, also, to fulfill different roles from time to time. That's even
true of today. We fulfill some roles which
are difficult for you, for instance. We did
so over the last couple of years as regards
aid and military aid included for Turkey.
There are other examples in which you
have to fulfill roles which we cannot
dream of fulfilling by ourselves. It's natural that there is a certain amount of division of labor between people who cooperate. The same is true in a firm. The
same is true in a lawyers firm. The same is
true on the board of directors of an automobile firm. The same is true in the firm
of the North Atlantic Alliance and in its
cooperative group of Western nations.
The division of labor is not an invention
of our day. If my memory is correct, it was
at least invented earlier on by Adam
Smith and David Ricardo, and they had
their theories on it. And these theories do
not only apply to economics, they also
apply to politics. One must not misinterpret a division of labor as being a division
of mind or a division of purpose. Several
people working on the board of directors
of one firm have a division of labor, but
they have a common sense of purpose.
I am deeply convinced that we'll be successful, that the Western liberal democracies will be successful, because they do
have a common sense of purpose, and
they will always be able to, in common,
define their goals for the foreseeable
future.
Thank you very much, ladies and
gentlemen, that you have listened so long.
I would like to propose a toast to the
President of the United States, Jimmy
Carter, to his charming wife. I would
also like to propose a toast to the wellbeing of the American nation. Especially
I would like to include the 50 hostages in
Tehran. I would also like to drink to the
lasting cooperation and friendship between our two nations.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:15 p.m. in
the State Dining Room at the White House.
447
-.I --- —-cs- ,
Mar. 6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Oil and Natural Gas Use in
Electric Utility Industry
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting Proposed
Legislation. March 6,1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President.)
I am transmitting herewith proposed
specifications for legislation to reduce the
use of oil and gas in the electric utility
sector by one million barrels per day by
1990. This proposal would meet that target by establishing a two-phase program
designed to displace 750,000 barrels of oil
per day and the natural gas equivalent of
250,000 barrels of oil per day by 1990,
through provision of federal financial assistance and streamlining certain regulatory requirements. Funding for this program will come from revenues raised by
the Windfall Profits Tax.
The electric utility industry, which now
consumes about three million barrels per
day of oil and natural gas equivalent, is a
prime target for an accelerated national
effort at reducing our dependence on imported fuel. No other sector of the economy can achieve as great a near-term
savings of oil and gas, particularly
through conversion of existing facilities to
coal, and expanded energy conservation
measures.
Congress has recognized the desirability
of efforts to shift oil and gas-fired utilities
to coal and other alternate fuels. Beginning in 1974 and most recently in 1978,
Congress enacted regulatory programs designed to facilitate this shift; however, the
results have not been satisfactory. Regulatory and financial impediments prevented achievement of the necessary acceleration of oil and gas replacementaction which would otherwise be justified
to reduce cost to utilities and ratepayers.
Unless a Federal program is developed to
overcome these financial and institutional
barriers, oil and gas consumption will not
be substantially reduced and could actually increase in the near-term in the electric utility sector.
The program I am proposing today
consists of two parts. Phase I is designed
to accomplish a greater number of powerplant conversions in an earlier time frame
than could be accomplished under current law. Conversions of powerplants
covered by Phase I of this proposal would
save as much as 400,000 barrels of oil per
day by 1985.
Specifically, a number of powerplants
currently using oil that are capable of converting to coal or other alternate fuels
would be prohibited by statute from continued use of oil. $3.6 billion would be
available for grants to be awarded by the
Secretary of Energy to pay for a portion
of the capital costs associated with converting designated facilities to coal or an
alternate fuel. Consumers would benefit
both from lower capital requirements for
utilities and from reduced fuel costs after
conversions.
While exemptions from conversions
would be available as they are under the
current law, the process for their consideration would be substantially accelerated. The bulk of the powerplants affected by Phase I are located in New England and the Middle Atlantic States.
One major issue has not been resolvedthe problem of increased air pollution
loadings and increases in acid rain that
will result from these coal conversions. We
have recently come to understand that
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from power plants travel great distances and are a principal cause of acid
rain. Since environmental damage caused
by acid rain is already serious, I am becoming increasingly concerned with the
problem, particularly since many of the
powerplants covered by Phase I are located in areas affected by acid rain.
448
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 7
In my message to Congress on the Environment in August 1979, I cited acid
rain as one of the emerging environmental issues requiring national attention.
The conversions covered by my proposal
can be made consistent with Federal
ambient air standards and all existing
State Implementation Plans under the
Clean Air Act. However, we cannot
ignore the problems of acid rain.
I call upon the Congress to address with
me in this session this important new concern and hope the appropriate committees in Congress will commence hearings
on this as soon as possible.
In order to help offset emission increases from conversions and to increase
the availability of coal resources, up to
$400 million in Phase I grant funds would
be reserved for use in programs to reduce
emissions from existing powerplants where
appropriate. This program would include
loan guarantees for coal cleaning and
preparation facilities and grants for advanced sulfur dioxide removal systems
such as scrubbers and chemical cleaning
of coal.
Phase II is designed to achieve oil and
gas displacement of approximately 600,000 barrels per day by 1990. Six billion
dollars in grant funds would be available
to assist utilities in identifying and implementing projects designed to reduce consumption of oil and gas. A principal purpose of Phase II is to encourage reliance
on energy conservation as a means to reduce oil and gas usage. Utilities would
submit fuel displacement plans, including
displacement targets (based on a specified
base period usage). Plans would include
assessments of: (1) financial feasibility;
(2) environmental impacts; and (3) cost
effectiveness of practicable alternatives to
oil and gas use. Oil and gas displacement
could be achieved through a strategy
which emphasizes a program of energy
conservation, conversion to alternate fuels
(including coal, nuclear, synthetic fuels),
and renewable resources. Each utility
would have access to a portion of the
Federal grant funds. Funds would be
awarded if the plans are determined to
be cost-effective by state authorities, following public hearings, and the Secretary
of Energy determines that the plan is
likely to achieve the displacement target
established by the utility. Funds under
this phase are expected to be used primarily by utilities in the Southeast, Southwest, and California.
This program will provide significant
economic and national security benefits
through accelerated oil and gas displacement effort. The Federal assistance I am
proposing is a sound investment in the
Nation's energy future. The earlier action is taken, the sooner the benefits to the
Nation as a whole, and to consumers can
be realized. For these reasons, I urge
Congress to give prompt consideration to
this legislative proposal.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
Department of the Air Force
Nomination of Charles William Snodgrass
To Be an Assistant Secretary. March 7, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Charles William Snodgrass, of Washington, D.C., to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force. He
would replace John Arnot Hewitt, resigned, and his area of responsibility
would be financial management. Snodgrass has been staff assistant to the Defense Subcommittee of the U.S. House
Appropriations Committee since 1974.
449
Mar. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
He was born August 7, 1940, in Marietta, Ohio. He received a B.A. from
Marietta College and an M.A. in public
administration from American University. He served in the U.S. Navy from
1958 to 1963.
From 1965 to 1968, Snodgrass was a
management intern at the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. From
1968 to 1971, he was a budget examiner
at the Office of Management and Budget. From 1971 to 1974, he was a staff assistant to the Agriculture Subcommittee
of the House Appropriations Committee.
Cancer Control Month
Proclamation 4731. March 7, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
One in four Americans now living will
eventually develop cancer.
While emphasis on early detection and
treatment of cancer has saved thousands
of lives, the ultimate answers lie in its prevention. Efforts to discover the cause of
this disease and to create ways to thwart
its development are advancing on several
fronts.
Many scientists maintain that our preventive efforts should be primarily environmental. They believe that many types
of cancer will prove to be preventable
through the identification and control of
carcinogenic factors in our surroundings.
At the same time, we must pursue
other areas of research as well. The
search for new diagnostic and treatment techniques must continue as relentlessly as in the past. In 1980, about
785,000 people will be diagnosed as hav
ing cancer. More than 400,000 will die of
the disease.
The National Cancer Act, which became law in 1971, has fostered programs
in all aspects of cancer research. Many
programs have been created to ensure
that newly found knowledge from the
research sector is transferred into the
daily practice of medicine.
As a means of focusing continued attention on the problem of cancer, the
Congress, by joint resolution of March 28,
1938 (52 Stat. 148), has requested the
President to issue an annual proclamation setting aside the month of April as
Cancer Control Month.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the month of
April, 1980, as Cancer Control Month.
I encourage the American people to meet
the challenge of this critical health problem. I ask the medical and health professions, the communications industries,
and all other interested citizens to unite
in public reaffirmation of our Nation's
abiding commitment to cancer control.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:21 a.m., March 10, 1980]
United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. March 7,1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am pleased to transmit to you the annual report for 1979 of the United States
450
Administration of Jimmy Carter 1980
Mar. 7
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
Over the past few years SALT has tended
to dominate our thinking about the arms
control activities of the United States. It
is one of many arms control endeavors
which this report will describe.
Last June in Vienna, I signed the
SALT II Treaty with Soviet President
Brezhnev and submitted it for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification.
Since that time, SALT has been the subject of an intense national debate and
of hearings by three committees of the
Senate. In November, the Committee on
Foreign Relations reported the Treaty
favorably to the Senate.
After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, however, I asked that the Senate delay consideration of the SALT II Treaty
on the floor so that the Congress and the
executive branch can devote our primary
attention to the legislative and other matters required to respond to this crisis. But
I intend to ask the Senate to take up this
treaty after these more urgent matters
have been dealt with. As I said to you
in my State of the Union address, "especially now in a time of great tension, observing the mutual constraints imposed
by the terms of (such) treaties will be in
the best interests of both countries and
will help to preserve world peace." When
the full Senate begins its debate on SALT
II, I am convinced that those who are
concerned about our national security
will support the Treaty as a wise and prudent step.
This Administration continues to believe that arms control can make genuine
contributions to our national security.
We remain deeply committed to the process of mutual and verifiable arms control,
particularly to the effort to prevent the
spread and further development of nuclear weapons.
Those of you who have an opportunity
to read and reflect upon the attached re
port will find a compelling case for the
importance of the work described-to us,
our allies, and those who look to us for
leadership in the world. We must diligently pursue negotiated, verifiable solutions to the many arms races upon which
nations are now embarked. We must be
prepared to work with others to bring
peace and stability to the world.
While we depend upon the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Department of Defense and other agencies
to be vigilant in their duties, none of us
should forget the danger that confronts
us all individually and collectively, and
that threatens us as a sovereign nation
and as a part of the world of nations.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 7, 1980.
Digest
White House
of Other
Announcements
The following listing includes the
President's public schedule and other
items of general interest announced by
the White House Press Office and not
included elsewhere in this issue.
March 3
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
The President met at the White House
with:
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-labor leaders from New York.
March 4
The President met at the White House
with:
-Representative Leo C. Zeferetti of
New York;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
451
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-Qais Abdul Munim Al Zawawi,
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
of Oman.
March 5
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-Mr. Moore;
-Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of
the Council of Economic Advisers.
March 6
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President;
-Representative Joseph L. Fisher of
Virginia.
In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the
President received the first sheet of Easter
Seals, which marked the start of the 1980
Easter Seal Campaign, from Jeanette
Alvarado, 8, of San Antonio, Tex., the
National Easter Seal Poster Child.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on energy and
national security given for community and
civic leaders in the East Room at the
White House.
The White House announced that the
President has appointed Lane Kirkland,
president of the AFL-CIO, as a member
of the Board of Directors of the Federal
Prison Industries, Inc. He replaces the
late George Meany.
March 7
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary
of Defense Harold Brown, Lloyd N.
Cutler, Counsel to the President,
Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the
President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr.
Donovan;
-Mr. Moore;
-mayors from the suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio;
-Mary Bitterman, Associate Director
for Broadcasting of the International Communication Agency;
-Secretary of Education Shirley Hufstedler.
The President transmitted to the Congress the annual report of the National
Endowment for the Arts and the National Council on the Arts for fiscal year
1978.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted March 5, 1980
JOSEPH C. WHEELER, of Virginia, to be
Deputy Administrator of the Agency for
International Development, vice Robert
Harry Nooter, resigned.
DAVID MARION CLINARD, of Virginia, to be an
Assistant Director of the United States Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, vice
John Newhouse, resigned.
PETER N. TEIGE, of California, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner for the remainder of the term expiring June 30, 1980,
vice Karl E. Bakke, resigned.
PETER N. TEIGE, of California, to be a Federal Maritime Commissioner for the term
of 5 years expiring June 30, 1985 (reappointment).
Submitted March 6, 1980
JULIAN NAVA, of California, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
the United States of America to Mexico.
452
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted March 6-Continued
CURTIS ALAN HESSLER, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the
Treasury, vice Daniel H. Brill, resigned.
Submitted March 7, 1980
GARY BLAKELEY, of New Mexico, to be Federal Cochairman of the Four Corners Regional Commission, vice F. Kenneth Baskette, Jr., resigned.
CHARLES WILLIAM SNODGRASS, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, vice John Arnot
Hewitt, Jr., resigned.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of
the White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
Released March 2, 1980
Text: telegram concerning wage and price
standards, from Secretary of the Treasury
G. William Miller and Advisor to the President on Inflation Alfred E. Kahn to the
chief executive officers of Fortune 500 companies
Released March 7, 1980
News conference: on the Producer Price Index
for February-by Charles L. Schultze,
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released March 7-Continued
News conference: on the food price ceilings
established by retail food stores-by Esther
Peterson, Special Assistant to the President
for Consumer Affairs
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved March 3, 1980
S. 214 --- —----------- Private Law 96-44
An act for the relief of Rocio Edmondson.
Approved March 5, 1980
H.J. Res. 267 --- —----- Public Law 96-198
An act to provide for designation of Friday,
March 7, 1980, as "Teacher Day, United
States of America".
H.R. 3757 --- —------- Public Law 96-199
An act to establish the Channel Islands National Park, and for other purposes.
Approved March 6, 1980
S.J. Res. 109 --- —----- Public Law 96-200
An act to provide for the designation of
October 3, 1980, as "American Enterprise
Day".
H.R. 948 --- —-------- Private Law 96-45
An act for the relief of Maria Corazon
Samtoy.
H.R. 3139 --- —------- Private Law 96-46
An act for the relief of Pedro Gauyan Nelson.
H.R. 3873 --- —------ Private Law 96-47
An act for the relief of Jan Kutina.
453
Ii
i
0
Week Ending Friday, March 14, 1980
United Nations Commission
of Inquiry on Iran
White House Statement on the Commission's
Suspension of Activities. March 10, 1980
The commission of inquiry, after consulting with Secretary-General Waldheim
and the authorities in Tehran, has decided
that it should suspend its activities in
Tehran for several days. The commission
will return to New York to confer with
the Secretary-General. We understand it
is prepared to return to Tehran in accordance with its mandate and the instructions of the Secretary-General when
the situation requires.
Pan American Day and
Pan American Week, 1980
Proclamation 4732. March 10, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
During the past years, the peoples of
the Americas have asserted with renewed
determination their ideals of peace with
freedom, cooperation with mutual respect, and unity with individual dignity.
The people of the United States of
America reaffirm their belief in this spirit
each year on Pan American Day.
As the nations of the Americas enter the
decade of the 1980's, their peoples con
fidently seek a future of economic growth
and social change that will surpass past
achievements. This goal will be realized
if the fruits of that growth are shared
fairly and if tranquility among nations of
the area is preserved.
We look to the Organization of American States, whose anniversary we will observe on April 14, to continue to produce
an environment of understanding, mutual
respect, and dedication to the common
goals that have inspired the true leaders
of the hemisphere throughout its history.
The stewardship of the Organization of
American States in the past year has
helped democracy reassert itself when
threatened and has revitalized concern
for human rights and needs.
Thus, on this Pan American Day of
1980, the United States of America salutes the countries of the hemisphere, and
reaffirms its solidarity to the ideals and
principles that underlie their cooperative
efforts.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim Monday, April 14,
1980, as Pan American Day and the week
beginning April 13, 1980, as Pan American Week; and I call upon the Governors
of the fifty States, the Governor of the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and appropriate officials of the other areas under
the flag of the United States to issue similar proclamations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
455
Mar. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:22 p.m., March 11, 1980]
Veto of the Uniformed Services
Health Professionals Special
Pay Bill
Message to the House of Representatives
Returning H.R. 5235 Without Approval.
March 11, 1980
To the House of Representatives:
I am returning, without my approval,
H.R. 5235, the Uniformed Services
Health Professionals Special Pay Act of
1980.
In recent years, the Department of Defense has experienced increasing difficulty
in retaining its physicians, particularly
those who have achieved board certification in specialty areas. In order to alleviate the military physician shortage, the
Administration proposed the Armed
Forces Physicians Pay Act in April of
1979. The principal focus of this proposal
was to increase selectively the special and
bonus pay necessary to attract and retain
the required number of military physicians during what is expected to be a temporary period of shortage.
Unfortunately, in considering the issue
of special pay for military physicians, the
Congress unnecessarily expanded the
scope and costs of H.R. 5235 to such an
extent that I find it unacceptable. Specifically, the bill contains a number of
flaws in comparison to the Administration
bill.
-It makes bonus pay permanent, instead of temporary;
-It covers medical doctors in other
uniformed services, principally the
Public Health Service, instead of
just those in the Armed Forces;
-It includes dentists, optometrists, and
podiatrists, in addition to physicians;
-It provides unduly generous bonuses;
and
-It makes permanent the special pay
for veterinarians.
Only in the Armed Forces are we experiencing a serious shortage of physicians. The Administration proposal was
very carefully tailored to solve that problem while preserving the flexibility to reexamine physician pay in the future as
conditions change. There is no justification for making bonus pay permanent and
for expanding coverage to physicians outside the military and to other health professionals (dentists,. optometrists, podiatrists, and veterinarians).
Moreover, such an expansion, when
compared to the Administration proposal,
would increase Federal spending by some
$170 million for the years through 1985.
If we are to check the strong inflationary
pressures that now prevail throughout the
Nation's economy, we must exercise genuine restraint in Federal spending. H.R.
5235 is a good example, in my judgment,
of the type of unjustified Federal largess
that we must stop if the Budget is to be
balanced and inflation brought under
control.
While I am compelled to disapprove
H.R. 5235, let me emphasize my commitment to alleviate the shortage of physicians in the Armed Forces. I urge the
Congress to reconsider the Administration
proposal as soon as possible. That proposal is designed to resolve the problem
in a fiscally responsible manner.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 11, 1980.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1I1
Law Day, U.S.A., 1980
Proclamation 4733. March 11, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The United States of America-more
than any other country-is founded upon
law.
The law is a human institution, reflecting the moods, customs and modes of conduct of our people. The law is our own
creation.
The law affects all of us from the cradle
to the grave. It touches upon both the
tangible and intangible aspects of our
lives. The guardians of the law are our
courts and those who serve them.
Our free and self-governing republic
owes much to the efforts of the judges and
lawyers of our Nation. It is from this
body that America has drawn many of its
leaders and statesmen.
This year will mark the 23rd annual
observance of Law Day. May 1 has been
set aside by joint resolution of the Congress to foster a deeper respect for the
law "and understanding of its essential
place in the life of every citizen of the
United States."
The theme selected in recognition of
Law Day '80 is: "Law and LawyersWorking for You."
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
invite the American people to observe
Thursday, May 1, 1980, as Law Day,
U.S.A., and to reflect upon their individual and collective responsibilities for the
effective administration of the law.
I call upon the legal profession, the
courts, educators, the media, clergymen,
and all interested individuals and organizations to mark the 23rd annual nationwide observance of Law Day, U.S.A., with
programs and events appropriate for the
occasion. I direct the appropriate officials
of the Government to display the flag of
the United States on all Government
buildings on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
8:45 a.m., March 12, 1980]
Loyalty Day, 1980
Proclamation 4734. March 11, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Our Nation was founded to secure and
protect the basic human rights of life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for
all our citizens. Today the United States
is a leader in the world-wide struggle for
basic human rights. In these times it is
important that we never forget our historic commitment to freedom and justice
for all people-because our first principles
are the basis of our continuing loyalty to
our Nation.
America was not created to promote a
single race or religion or ideology, but to
build a safe and sure home for the deepest values of humankind. The symbols of
our loyalty, such as the flag, are the outward signs of our faith in these ideals.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
In order to encourage the people of the
United States to reflect on our democratic
heritage, the Congress, by a joint resolution approved July 18, 1958 (72 Stat.
369), has designated May 1 of every year
as Loyalty Day, and has requested the
President to issue a proclamation inviting
the American people to acknowledge that
day with appropriate observances.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, call upon all Americans to observe
Thursday, May 1, 1980, as Loyalty Day.
I also ask the appropriate officials of the
Government and all citizens to display the
flag of the United States on all Government buildings on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
8:46 a.m., March 12, 1980]
Superior Court of the
District of Columbia
Nomination of William C. Gardner To Be an
Associate Judge. March 11, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate William C. Gardner to the
District of Columbia Superior Court.
Gardner, 62, graduated from Howard
University in 1948 and from Harvard
Law School in 1951.
Since 1951 Gardner has practiced law
in Washington in the firm of Houston and
Gardner. In 1979 he was named Lawyer
of the Year by the Bar Association of the
District of Columbia.
White House Briefing on
Administration Policies
Remarks to a Group of Civic and Community
Leaders From New York. March 11, 1980
I'm really delighted to have you here
and hope that you've had a good day
meeting some of my chief advisers and
partners in the management of the Federal Government affairs.
New York has a special place for me.
You had one of the most delightful and
well-considered and fruitful conventions
in 1976 that I've ever known[laughter]-and you were very nice to me
not only in the general election but since
then. We've formed a good partnership.
I think the attitude and the prospects for
New York City and indeed the whole State
3, 4 years ago, compared to what it has
been the last year or two, has shown a remarkable improvement. I'm very grateful that the partnership that has been
formed-with State officials, with the congressional delegation, and with your city
officials in New York City and otherwise.
I thought I might outline, very briefly,
four or five things-or maybe three or
four things that are important to me at
this point, kind of give you an update on
what I'm working on this week, and then
spend what time we have available after
that answering your questions. And then,
perhaps, at the end, if you would honor
me by doing so, I'd like to stand and let
each one of you come by and shake hands
and have a photograph made individually.
Then, if I don't do well in the future, you
can throw it away. [Laughter]
Yesterday, I spent most of my time-as
I have frequently during this last 3 or 4
months-working on and assessing the
situation in Iran. We had high hopes that
the United Nations commission, which we
helped to evolve, would be successful in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1I1
their trip to Iran-that they would be able
to see all of the American hostages, account for them individually and determine their condition, and to achieve their
release from the militants, and then to
come back with some resolution of the
crisis that has been so all-possessive of me
in the last few weeks.
We have 220 million Americans who
are deeply concerned about 53 peoplenot famous people, but human beingsand we are not only concerned about their
lives, but we are concerned about their
freedom. I think it's a good characteristic
of a great nation to show this deep concern. And, in my opinion, we have just as
much a crisis today as we did on November 4, when the hostages were first seized.
And I have refrained from business as
usual and partisan campaign activities
that would indicate that our Nation was
out of a crisis stage and returning to business as usual.
I can't give you any prospects for immediate success, but we are ever constantly aware of this deep concern and
the need for me, as the President, to address it as best I can. We've been interested in preserving the principles and
ideals of our country, protecting our interests, protecting the lives and seeking
the freedom of our people, and in marshaling worldwide opinion on our side to
strengthen our position now and in the
future.
A second foreign affairs matter which
concerns me very deeply is the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. I know Dr. Brzezinski has talked to you earlier. But this
is a major challenge to world stability, to
world peace, and ultimately to our own
security. This invasion of Afghanistan directly threatens one of the most vital and
strategically important regions of the
world.
Every action that I have taken has been
designed to preserve peace, and every action I have taken has been peaceful in
nature. We obviously have a wide range
of options-economic, political, military-but we've chosen to exercise only
those economic and political options that
would preserve the support of other naL
tions on Earth, keep our Nation at peace,
and not violate, again, our principles or
our best interests.
It is a delicate situation. We are resolved to stand firm, and I think we've
made good progress, because 103 other
nations in addition to us have condemned
the Soviet invasion, called for the immediate withdrawal of the Soviet troops from
Afghanistan. And, of course, the Moslem
countries, many of whom have been dependent upon the Soviet Union or closely
allied with the Soviet Union, have also
joined in a much stronger condemnation
of what the Soviets did.
Another very important question for me
is the Middle East peace. I consider this
to be one of my most serious and difficult
obligations as a President. There is no
other single issue on which I have spent
more time or more effort. On occasion, as
you know, I have abandoned, to a major
degree, my other duties to go into relative seclusion at Camp David for 13 days,
and later to go to the Mideast, to visit in
Israel and in Egypt, to hammer out the
Camp David accords and to hammer out
the Mideast peace treaty, that was signed
less than a year ago.
Crucial negotiations are ongoing now.
Sol Linowitz heads up our own effort. We
are equal partners with the Israelis and
the Egyptians in trying to have a just and
lasting peace based upon the addressing
of difficult issues. And we had to address
difficult issues at Camp David to make
progress, and also in the peace negotiations for a treaty in order to make
progress.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Our American policy and the principles
on which we have based that policy have
not changed. First and foremost is the
security of Israel, its integrity, a nation to
be at peace with her neighbors, protected
behind recognized and secure borders;
secondly, Jerusalem to be undivided and
with access by all to the holy places; third,
the agreed basis for present and future
negotiations to be United Nations Resolutions 242 and 338; fourth, to resolve the
Palestinian problem "in all its aspects," to
use the words that were adopted by Prime
Minister Begin, President Sadat, and myself; fourth, to hammer out, through
negotiations, a self-governing authority
for the West Bank and Gaza area for a
5-year transition period, at the end of
which time the permanent status of the
West Bank and Gaza would be determined through those negotiations; and,
to use again the quotation from the Camp
David accords, to "recognize the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people."
This is our desire. This is the desire of
the Israeli Government and, I think, the
Israeli people. And it's certainly the desire
of those who live in the Arab countries,
particularly in Egypt. We do not favor an
independent Palestinian state. We have
consistently opposed this prospect, and we
will not negotiate with nor recognize the
PLO until they adopt U.N. 242 and recognize Israel's right to exist. Those principles, in brief outline form, guide us day
by day, in the past, at the present time,
and in the future.
The policy of our country is shaped by
me as President. My understanding with
Prime Minister Begin, with President
Sadat, is clear, and we will not deviate
from it. If there is one viable prospect for
peace, it depends upon the mutual trust
that exists between myself, Begin, and
Sadat, or perhaps our own successors, following a change in government.
I might address quickly this settlements
issue, because it is a very serious difference
between myself and Prime Minister Begin.
And we have discussed this for hours and
hours-even weeks and weeks-in seclusion and sometimes in public.
We consider that the establishment of
new settlements in the West Bank area
during a time of negotiations is a genuine
obstacle to peace. It is a serious problem
for the completion of these negotiations.
Our policy has not been to demand the
dismantling of existing settlements; our
policy has been that this issue and the
future status of the West Bank and Gaza
should be determined through negotiations.
The recent vote in the United Nations
was a genuine mistake, a breakdown in
communications. I'm sure that's been explained to you in the past. I'm responsible
for the Government; Cy Vance is responsible for the State Department. He has
addressed this issue frankly; I accept my
part of the responsibility. It was a deviation from our policy, which is set by me,
and we will be much more careful, I assure you, in the future.
One thing I'd like to add: I need the
support of the American people. The
future negotiations in the Mideast, in
Iran, addressing the Afghanistan question, are not going to be easy. And to the
extent that I am observed and known
among foreign leaders and among our
own people as speaking accurately for the
American people and having your support-to that extent, it makes it much
easier for me to achieve those goals which
I share with you.
Domestically, energy is a constantly improving situation, but a very serious matter. The Congress has now been trying
to hammer out a comprehensive energy
policy for our country for 3 solid years.
We have made good progress. I hope
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. I11
within the next few days or the next
few weeks we will have completed that
process.
We have made some changes already,
based on an increasing awareness of the
problem, based on the results of legislation already passed. The first year I was in
office, we imported 8.8 million barrels of
oil per day from overseas. That has already been slashed more than a million
barrels per day of imports. And we hope
to make -more progress this year.
Inflation is heavily impacted by the
energy question. In the last 12 months, the
price of international oil has increased
109 percent —in 12 months. And last
month alone, the price of energy increased
7/2 percent in 1 month, which is a 90 -percent inflation rate for energy alone.
The cutting down of an excessive dependence on foreign oil is a major goal
for all of us. It can only be done in two
ways-and this is the last thing I'll say
before I answer your questions: One is
to save energy-to cut out waste, to conserve-and secondly, to increase production of energy in our own country. That's
the only two options. And all of our policy
efforts have been designed to achieve
those two goals.
We do not have a dismal prospect in
the future on energy. I understand that
the total OPEC nations have about 6 percent of the world's energy resources. Our
country alone has about 24 percent, and
it's a broad-based energy reosurce: coal,
oil, natural gas, geothermal, shale oilobviously, there are replenishable suppiles-growing crops, forests-derived
indirectly or directly from the Sun.
These are the kinds of things that we
must assess: the strength of our country
and the challenges that we've faced and
how we can work in unity to achieve the
goals that are important to us all.
NOTE: The President spoke at 5:06 p.m. in
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building.
Trucking Industry
Deregulation Legislation
Statement on Action by the Senate Commerce
Committee. March 11, 1980
The Senate Commerce Committee took
a strong step in the fight against inflation
today by reporting out a first-rate trucking regulatory reform bill. The committee's legislation will save consumers billions of dollars by opening the trucking
industry to competition and by eliminating excessive restrictions and redtape.
It will also save hundreds of millions of
gallons of fuel by cutting away outdated
restrictions on routing and backhauling.
I congratulate Chairman Howard Cannon, Senator Robert Packwood, and their
colleagues on the committee for their bipartisan efforts on this bill. I urge the
House and Senate to keep up the pace
toward prompt passage of strong trucking reform legislation.
State Democratic Party
Primaries and Caucuses
Statement by the White House Press
Secretary. March 11, 1980
The President would like for me to express his deep appreciation to the voters
of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama for
their very strong vote of support. It now
appears that from these three States the
President will have received between 85
and 90 percent of the total delegates selected. And the four other States that are
yet to be heard from tonight-Oklahoma,
Washington, Hawaii, and Alaska-we
expect to receive a generous majority of
the delegates to be selected there. We're
beginning to get some fragmentary returns from Oklahoma, and it appears that
Oklahoma will be consistent with the
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Mar. 11
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
three previous States and the majority
that they've given the President.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at
10:02 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Executive Schedule
Executive Order 12199. March 12,1980
IEVELS IV AND V OF THE EXECUTIVE
SCHEDULE
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
Section 5317 of Title 5 of the United
States Code, it is hereby ordered that Section 1-101 (e) of Executive Order No.
12154 of September 4, 1979 (placing
certain positions in level IV of the Executive Schedule) is amended by deleting
"Deputy Adviser for Labor-Management,
Council on Wage and Price Stability" and
substituting therefor "Executive Director,
White House Conference on Aging, Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 12, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:41 p.m., March 12, 1980]
15th Anniversary of
Project Head Start
Remarks at a White House Reception.
March 12, 1980
Pat said there's no way I can prevent
her finishing her speech.' [Laughter]
1 The President had entered the East Room
as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Patricia Roberts Harris was speaking.
I understand that you have so many
important and significant people here that
it took a long time to introduce you all,
and I think that's typical of the character
of the program that you are here to
honor. I'm very grateful to see Lady Bird
Johnson here, and Pat Harris, who's done
such a good job as a Secretary, and Stu
Eizenstat, who has helped to forge a good
relationship since I've been in the White
House between my administration and the
Congress and the people throughout the
Nation.
I join with you today in confirming a
great national commitment, one that has
grown in vitality during the last 15 years.
This is not always the case. When a wonderful idea is put into practice, it has to
have an innate worth and the support of
dedicated people to be truly successful.
Head Start was a program with high
Federal commitment, high objectives,
high performance envisioned in it. At the
beginning it was called, and I quote, "constructive, sensitive, and exciting," and
today I think it's accurate to state that
it's more constructive, sensitive, and exciting, even than those first early days
back in 1965.
It's also well named. Seven and a
half million Americans have been given
a head start over the life which they
would have led, and their direct influence
on others who've observed them and
others who've learned from them, many
now at the adult stage of life, has greatly
magnified the influence of those 72 million. They got a head start in nutrition, in
health, in education, in self-confidence, in
self-respect, in the esteem of those who've
known and loved them. And today we're
here to honor the hundreds of thousands
of Americans of all kinds who've made
this program successful.
I'd like to begin by saying just a few
words about a man whose vision and
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1 2
humanity made this program possible and
originated the concept. When I made one
of my most delightful speeches at the
Democratic National Convention in 1976,
I had these words to say: "Lyndon Johnson did more to advance the cause of
human rights in our country than any
President in this century."
And I'm thankful that that great
President, who lived in this house and who
worked in this house, addressed "human
rights" in its broadest sense-not just the
right to be free of racial discrimination,
not just the right in our Nation to have a
chance to vote, not just to have a right
to seek equality, but to have the right to
live a better life. This makes it particularly
important that Lady Bird was able to
come here to be with us today, because
she personifies too, as you know, the essence of what this great man did with
those who worked around him.
I never had a chance to meet Lyndon
Johnson; maybe many of you in this
room never had a chance to meet him. But
I knew him through his work. I think his
life was eloquent in the finest sense of that
word. There was an eloquence in advancing social and economic justice; there was
an eloquence of clear vision, of simple
humanity, and how to translate vision and
humanity into action.
The success of Head Start, I thinkamong many other things, but especially
Head Start-speaks volumes about what
Lyndon Johnson thought about our country's future, because if there ever was a
program that had an investment in the
future, it was Head Start-future of a nation who had compassion for its people,
the particular kind of people who had in
the past been neglected or ignored. It was
a bold program to translate a vision,
again, into the realization of that dream.
Lyndon Johnson knew that the cycle of
poverty and deprivation starts very early
in life, and it had to be attacked early in
life. It's between the ages of 3 and 5,
really, that a human being begins to
understand the worth of his or her individual life and begins to shape a goal
of what might be achieved, begins to compare oneself with others and sense opportunities or lack of them in future years.
It's in that early stage, maybe even earlier
than 3 years old, that dreams are either
born and survive or die.
Like so many of us here, I have seen
the sometimes awful truth of Lyndon
Johnson's analysis, in people who've lived
around me in the Deep South, people
who were deprived and whose lives were
blighted by it. My first public job was on
a local school board, and I saw among the
children that I served, as a farmer, a
young businessman, that deprivation
which I did not know how to address. It
was not only educational but it was emotional, and sometimes it was physical, as
well. I saw that deprivation set children
back in school before the first day they
ever went there, and it held them back
through grammar school, through high
school, and through their entire lives. And
I saw that it affected not just black children but white children, as well.
In 1965, when the Head Start program
was begun by President Johnson and the
Congress, I was heading up an eightcounty planning and development commission. And as soon as I heard about
Head Start, I began to work to implement
it where I lived. It was not a popular
thing, because it addressed some very
sensitive social issues, as well as educational problems. [Laughter] And we finally
identified 2,000, about 1,950 young children who qualified. And we finally forced,
because of the influence that I had accumulated, 21 school classrooms to be
allotted to the program. In Buena Vista,
Georgia, black and white children in 1965
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Mar. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sat down in the same library and participated in the program. I guess it was the
first integrated classroom in the State, and
it was very difficult to get other county
school boards to agree to let the program
live.
Because of that difficulty, I spent a lot
of time moving among those 19 or 20
Head Start classrooms. I spent a lot of
time sitting on the floor with the children
who were participating and talking to
them in the same language within which
I had been raised. Many of those children
had never seen a book, and they had never
held a pencil. They had never tied a shoelace. Some didn't know their last name.
They had never had a balanced diet for
as long as a few days. At the time, they
had never had their minds stretched or
challenged, and their hearts could have
been shriveled in the future had they
been continued in a state of existing
deprivation.
The first time they saw what it could
mean to be gratified in intense, young,
human desires and to see dreams realized
and to hear a voice of a teacher who knew
how to teach and who genuinely loved
them and to be provided with the practical things that make a day in a Head
Start program so exciting and so successful-I think most important of all, they
learned, many of them for the first time,
that they were important to the world.
I came home several times-and my
wife would vouch for this-with tears in
my eyes as I told her about my day's experience. I was a tough, young, struggling,
conservative, south Georgia farmer, but
this program touched my life. And since
then I've seen literally thousands of not
only children but teachers and parents
and the community itself involved in a
program that has indeed transformed the
interrelationship among human beings.
I would like to salute also today a per
son who helped to carry that program
forward, to go around the country to encourage communities to adopt it, and to
identify Head Start centers, to inspire
potential workers. The person that Lyndon Johnson called, and I quote, "the
program's most ardent, most active, most
enthusiastic supporter"-Lady Bird
Johnson.
And although he's not here today, I
cannot pass up an opportunity to express
my deep admiration and to pay tribute to
the program's first administrator: a man
who awoke our Nation's conscience to the
need of disadvantaged people, who
headed up the Peace Corps when it was
an embryonic program whose future was
in doubt; a man who is exuberant and
who can bring excitement and dynamism
and life and growth to any program which
he addresses with a full commitment of
his being-and that's Sargent Shriver. I
wish he was here.
Okay. Stu said he'd already mentioned
that Sargent was ill today. I'm sure he'll
be up and around soon.
I think the best tribute that we can pay
to not only these very famous people but
hundreds of thousands who are not very
famous is to back up and support the program which they helped to initiate it,
which they kept alive.
Head Start is a program that works;
it's a program that makes poor children
healthier; it's a program that improves
future test scores in every sense of the
word "test." It's a program that helps
young people grow more mature in the
finest sense of the word, makes them grow
more self-confident, and lets them grow
emotionally and intellectually throughout
their lives. And it's a program that lets
students make their parents better, as well,
because one thing we often forget is how
much education those 5-year-old children
brought home to a parent who may not
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 12
ever have been blessed with the chance to
read a good book or to hear good music
or to have a good solid diet or to feel their
worth among other human beings. So, the
children quite often, even 4 or 5 years old,
became teachers themselves.
I'm determined to keep Head Start
working and growing stronger and more
effective. Since we've been in office-Stu
just gave me the figures-we have increased the allocation of funds 75 percent
for Head Start. And I'm determined to
keep this growth intact to protect this program, to nurture this program in the
future.
We face difficult times in controlling
inflation, as you know. I can't tell you
that the growth will continue at that rate,
but the Head Start will be protected. And
I will be asking the Congress to extend
the Head Start program for 5 more years
and to retain those features of the program that I have described to you, in a
fumbling way, which has made it so successful. It's worked because in one place
we have focused educational and physical
and social and emotional correction for
disadvantaged, young human beings
whom we love. It's done that in a comprehensive way, and it's done that in a
way that has gotten the community as well
as the entire family involved.
I believe we need to prepare ourselves
for future challenges, future opportunities,
changing lifestyles, perhaps refocusing on
target groups to be receiving the benefits
of this program in future years. But I
think the flexibility of this program to accommodate changing times and changing
demands has been one of its innate
strengths. It has not been a dormant,
frozen, static program. It's been a live program, which has had a good means of
feeding back, from the recipient groups
themselves and from those running the
program on a daily basis, ideas to Wash
ington that can make it better. And this
is the kind of thing that we need to nurture in the future.
In 1965 there was a panel of experts
appointed by President Johnson to assess
the need for the program and how it could
best be conducted. I've asked Secretary
Harris to meet with a similar group in the
near future, at the end of these 15 years,
to update the problems, the solutions to
those problems, the difficult questions, the
answers to those questions, potential obstacles in the future, ways to surmount
those obstacles, and a means by which an
excellent program can be made even
stronger and better in the future.
I'd like to leave you today with a
little story that kind of illustrates what
I've been trying to say the last 18 minutes.
It kind of conveys a feeling that has gone
into this program and made it so successful.
Recently, within the last few years, a
senior citizen began to visit a local Head
Start program. This gentleman had a
special interest in it, because he had been
a former teacher himself. As part of his
daily routine in retirement years, he
would go to the local Head Start program
and spend some time with the little
children, and he would always carry a
pocketful of jellybeans. And each day the
children would look forward to seeing him
come. They were tiny kids, and most of
them didn't know who this gentleman
was. And after awhile, they all called him
Mr. Jellybean. Today, many of those
Head Start children in Stonewall, Texas,
have come to learn that that friendly, retired, ex-schoolteacher, Mr. Jellybean,
was former President Lyndon Johnson,
whose vision and whose compassion had
made the Head Start program possible
in the first place.
Today, it's my great honor to salute not
only former President Johnson, Lady
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Mar. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Bird Johnson, and Sargent Shriver but all
the fine people who've made Head Start
so wonderful for the last 15 years and,
with your support, which I'm sure we will
have, who will carry on a great and wellnamed program, which has become, in
my opinion, one of the beautiful things
about the United States.
NOTE: The President spoke at approximately
2:30 p.m. in the East Room at the White
House.
As printed above, this item does not include
the remarks of Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant
to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, Mrs. Johnson, and Secretary Harris, which
are included in the press release.
Administration of
United States Territories
Statement on Signing H.R. 3756 Into Law.
March 12, 1980
I am pleased to sign H.R. 3756, a bill
"to authorize appropriations for certain
insular areas of the United States, and for
other purposes."
This omnibus territories bill contains
numerous provisions which will facilitate
the administration of the U.S. territories
and the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands and promote their economic and
social development.
The bill also contains an important
provision which confirms Puerto Rico's
long-disputed ownership of submerged
lands, including mineral rights, to a distance of 3 marine leagues (approximately
10 miles). In doing so it resolves a question of law which has been of understandable concern to Puerto Rico and could
contribute to the future prosperity of the
Commonwealth. It establishes no precedent for the jurisdiction of States or other
territories over submerged lands.
Although most of the bill's provisions
accomplish worthwhile purposes, I have
reservations about some:
-The authorization to pay interest on
judgments arising out of land claims in
Guam is inconsistent with settled law and
practice. I agree in concept that reasonable compensation ought to be paid to
any landowners whose land was unfairly
acquired on the island after the liberation
of Guam in 1944. But precisely because of
this, I strongly urge the Congress to replace this anomalous and unprecedented
provision with a solution that rights any
wrongs with a more equitable and workable compensation procedure.
-The requirement that Congress specifically authorize the transport or storage
of spent nuclear fuel in any U.S. territory or the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands responds to a very real concern in
the Pacific region. But the provision is an
unnecessary impediment to the orderly
conduct of this country's nuclear nonproliferation policies. Present law provides
fully adequate assurances of congressional
oversight of nuclear transportation and
storage plans. Congress should reconsider
this new requirement.
-The provision regarding health care
and environmental monitoring for the
residents of the Northern Marshall Islands
is drafted very broadly. However, it is my
intention that the Secretary of the Interior implement the provision to focus the
benefits on those Northern Marshalls
residents directly affected by U.S. nuclear
testing.
-The ban on termination of Federal
programs for the Trust Territory after the
end of the trusteeship could impose a
patronizing and debilitating straitjacket
on the peoples and governments of these
areas. The final determination on this
issue should be made by the Congress
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 12
when it considers the Compact of Free
Association for the Micronesian entities.
-There are several other provisions in
the bill which are poorly drafted or inconsistent with sound policies. We will work
with the Congress to remedy all such
defects.
-Finally, with respect to a provision
relating to cost incurred in collecting customs duties and other fees directly attributable to the importation of petroleum
products into the Virgin Islands, it is my
understanding that the Congress intends
that the United States will continue to be
reimbursed for costs attributable to such
collections until January 1, 1982, to prevent an unanticipated windfall to a private corporation under an existing contract concerning petroleum imports.
Despite these problems, the bill as a
whole conforms with my administration's
efforts to improve relations between the
Federal Government and the U.S. territories and the Trust Territory as outlined
in the comprehensive territorial policy I
proposed to Congress February 14. In
signing this measure, I again urge the
Congress to support that policy framework
as well as the corrective measures suggested for this bill.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3756 is Public Law
96-205, approved March 12.
Federal Civilian and
Military Pay Rates
Executive Order 12200. March 12, 1980
RATES OF PAY AND ALLOWANCES
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the
United States of America, and in accord
with Section 101 (c) of Public Law 96-86
approved October 12, 1979, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
1-101. In order to provide notice of the
effect of appropriations limitations on the
payable rates of salary and basic pay, additional footnotes are added to each of the
pay schedules attached to Executive
Order No. 12165 of October 9, 1979.
1-102. In order to preserve existing
comparability in new Senior Executive
Service positions for purposes of applying
the recent appropriations limitations,
comparable pay levels are designated in
an additional footnote to Schedule 4 attached to Executive Order No. 12165.
1-103. Schedules 1 through 7 attached
to Executive Order No. 12165 are
amended by substituting therefor the revised Schedules 1 through 7 which are
attached hereto and made a part hereof.
These new schedules are identical to the
original schedules except for the addition
of asterisks and new footnotes which reflect new maximum limitations on payable
rates of salary and basic pay. The scheduled rates of pay and allowances have not
been altered. These new schedules therefore supersede the original schedules.
1-104. To make a technical correction,
the statutory reference "89 Stat. 419, 28
U.S.C. 461" in the first clause of Section
1-103 of Executive Order No. 12165 is
amended to read "Public Law 94-82, 89
Stat. 419".
1-105. (a) Section 1-103 of Executive
Order No. 12165 is further amended by
adding a new subsection (c) as follows:
"(c) Judicial Salaries (28 U.S.C. 5,
44(d), 135, 173, 213, 252, 792(b) and 11
U.S.C. 68(a) and Sections 401(a), 404
(a), 404(b), and 404(d) of Public Law
95-598) at Schedule 8.".
(b) Schedules 1 through 7 of Executive Order No. 12165 are further amended
by adding thereto a new Schedule 8, set
467, ---.. -,i
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Mar. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ting forth Judicial Salaries, which is attached hereto and made a part hereof.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 12, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:59 a.m., March 13, 1980]
NOTE: The schedules are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of March 14, 1980.
Federal Civilian and Military
Pay Rates
Message to the Congress. March 13, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the provisions of
section 5305 of title 5 of the United States
Code, I hereby report on the pay adjustment I ordered for the Federal statutory
pay systems in October 1979 and March
1980.
The Secretary of Labor, the Director of
the Office of Management and Budget
and the Director of the Office of Personnel
Management, who serve jointly as my
agent for Federal pay, found that an overall average increase of 10.41 percent in
General Schedule rates of pay would be
appropriate if comparability with private
enterprise salary rates for the same levels
of work were to be achieved. The Advisory Committee on Federal Pay recommended that the findings of my agent be
implemented.
After considering the findings of my
agent and the recommendation of the
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, I
determined that an overall average increase of 7.02 percent in General Schedule
rates of pay was dictated by economic conditions affecting the general welfare and
transmitted to the Congress the alternative plan to that effect called for by section
5305(c) of title 5 of the United States
Code. On October 9, 1979 and March 12,
1980, I signed the necessary Executive
orders to implement this increase.
I am transmitting herewith copies of
the reports of my Pay Agent and the Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, the
alternative plan, and the Executive orders
I promulgated to put this pay adjustment
into effect.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 13, 1980.
Federal Labor Relations
Authority
Nomination of Henry B. Frazier III To Be a
Member. March 13, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Henry B. Frazier III for
reappointment as a member of the Federal Labor Relations Authority for a 5 -year term.
Frazier, 45, of Alexandria, Va., has
been a member of this Authority since
last year. He previously served as Executive Director of its predecessor agency, the
Federal Labor Relations Council, for 6
years.
Honoring Carl Vinson
Proclamation 4735. March 13, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The nuclear powered aircraft carrier
U.S.S. Carl Vinson (CVN 70) will be
468
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 13
christened and launched at Newport
News, Virginia on March 15, 1980.
The namesake of this, the largest warship ever constructed, the Honorable Carl
Vinson, served as a member of the House
of Representatives from 1914 to 1965
during which time he served as the Chairman of the old House Naval Affairs Committee for 16 years and as the Chairman
of the House Armed Services Committee
for 14 years. Carl Vinson played a major
role in developing a national defense posture second to none, believing always in
a philosophy that "no man should ever
place the defense of his nation below any
other priority."
Carl Vinson's record of over 50 years of
continuous service in the House of Representatives remains unsurpassed, reflecting a lifelong commitment to the security
and freedom of all Americans. He served
his country with distinction, providing
enlightened leadership, and demonstrating an incomparable ability as a legislator.
On March 15, 1980 Carl Vinson will
be present in Newport News, Virginia, as
the first living American to be present at
the launching of a United States Navy
warship which bears his name. In recognition of this unique occasion, and in honor
of this great American, the 96th Congress,
by joint resolution (S.J. Res. 149), has
authorized and requested the President to
issue a proclamation honoring Carl
Vinson.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby extend best wishes to Carl
Vinson on this historic occasion, and express deep appreciation on behalf of the
United States to Carl Vinson and his unswerving devotion to his beloved nation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12:03 p.m., March 13, 1980]
National Maritime Day, 1980
Proclamation 4736. March 13,1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Throughout the history of the United
States, trade and shipping have made a
vital contribution to the Nation's growth
and economic vitality. Today, the American Merchant Marine continues to aid
the development of American enterprise
and to foster the well-being of all American citizens by linking U.S. industries,
farms and markets with our overseas trading partners.
In addition, our Merchant Marine has
shown valor and dedication in providing
logistic support to United States military
forces in times of national emergency.
In recognition of the importance of the
American Merchant Marine, and in commemoration of the departure from Savannah, Georgia, on May 22, 1819, of the
S.S. Savannah on the first transatlantic
voyage by any steamship, the Congress of
the United States, by joint resolution of
May 20, 1933 (48 Stat. 73, 36 U.S.C.
145), designated May 22 of each year as
National Maritime Day and requested the
President to issue annually a proclamation
calling for appropriate observances.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
469
4 -
Mar. 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
do urge the people of the United States to
honor our American Merchant Marine on
May 22, 1980, by displaying the flag of
the United States at their homes and
other suitable places, and I call upon all
ships under the American flag to dress
ship on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:37 a.m., March 14, 1980]
Meeting With Franz Josef Strauss
of the Federal Republic of
Germany
White House Statement. March 13, 1980
The President met for 40 minutes this
afternoon with Franz Josef Strauss, Minister President of Bavaria, in the Oval
Office. Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant
to the President for National Security Affairs, participated in the meeting.
The President and the Minister President discussed a wide range of major international issues. The President stressed
the constancy and firmness of U.S. policy
and the importance of Allied solidarity in
the wake of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, including the matter of nonparticipation in the 1980 Olympic games in
Moscow.
The Minister President emphasized his
support for the President's policies on all
of these issues of common concern.
They agreed on the importance of
detente, but agreed that if it is to have
meaning and substance, detente must be
mutual and reciprocal.
Windfall Profits Tax Legislation
Statement on House of Representatives
Approval of the Legislation. March 13, 1980
I am very pleased that the House of
Representatives today approved the conference report on the windfall profits tax
by a substantial majority. I particularly
want to thank the House leadership,
Chairman Al Ullman, and the members of
the House Ways and Means Committee
for their hard work on this critical bill.
The windfall profits tax, which I proposed as a companion to the decontrol of
crude oil prices, is central to an equitable
energy policy. It will provide significant
new incentives to U.S. oil producers while
preventing excessive, unearned income
from decontrol and from precipitous rises
in the world oil price. The revenues it will
generate over the next decade are needed
to provide for assistance to 1ow-income
households, investments in mass transit,
and the development of new sources of
energy, including conservation. The bill
provides sufficient funds and flexibility to
meet these needs, along with those which
may arise in the future.
Our present economic problems are in
large part due to the failure to take firm
action in years gone by.
I urge the Senate to complete its action
on the windfall profits tax bill promptly.
Once this last step is taken, our country
will be well on its way to securing our
energy future through investments in our
own American resources, including conservation, coal, biomass, synthetic fuels,
and solar energy. Development of these
domestic energy sources is vital to our
470
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
national security and to our future economic health and well-being.
President's Commission on Coal
Remarks on Receiving the Commission's
Reports. March 14,1980
GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President,
I appear before you today in two capacities, as Chairman of your President's
Commission on Coal and as Governor of
the great coal State of West Virginia. As
Chairman of the Coal Commission, I am
proud to present you with this report,
which holds our summary findings and
our hopes for the coal industry of the
United States.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
GOVERNOR ROCKEFELLER. This is a
product of many years of work, Mr. President. Secretary Wirtz, Mr. Presley, Marvin Friedman, Jesse Core, Senators Randolph, Huddleston, and Percy, Congressmen Perkins, Murphy,' and Buchanan
have all helped, as well as some of your
own Cabinet Secretaries.
It is, Mr. President, a most workable
plan. It describes how we can produce
more coal in this country and how we can
do so in a way which is fair, which is
equitable, and which is environmentally
sound. It describes how we can improve
health and safety in this country, and also
how we can improve the living conditions
for the American coal miner. As Governor
of West Virginia, I tell you that the people of my State, coal operators, miners, all
of us stand ready to help you in implementing this plan for the future.
The steps that you have already taken
in suggesting the legislation to Congress
are critical and important steps in the
right direction. With our great leadership
in Congress, Senators Byrd and Randolph
and our Congressmen from West Virginia
and other States, we will help you get
support for this plan. And when this plan
is passed, Mr. President, we will lead the
way in producing more coal. The people
of my State are ready, are willing, and are
able to produce coal.
Mr. President, we thank you for your
leadership. We thank you for your commitment to coal. And with this report and
with our own commitment for the future,
we offer you our support and our continued hard work to keep this great Nation of ours energy independent, strong,
and free. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. First of all, I want to
express my deep thanks for these two reports. I would like to take a few minutes
to read them through, and then I'd like to
respond. [Laughter]
As a matter of fact, ever since I've been
in office, ever since I've been living in this
home, I have been deeply concerned
about the same problems which you have
come to discuss today. And I see a much
brighter average countenance in this
group than some of the occasions when I
have met with this same group of leaders,
who are so concerned about the present
and future of the coal industry and about
our Nation's energy security.
I'm pleased to be with you today to
recognize the importance of coal and in
honoring those who have helped America to recognize the importance of coal
for our present energy needs, and most
especially for our energy security of the
nation which we love. Coal is our most
abundant energy resource. We have one
third of the world's total coal reserves.
I've long believed that our Nation must
use more of this natural resource in our
own national defense.
471
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Two years ago I established the President's Coal Commission-I announced it
in West Virginia-to make recommendations on the major issues involving coal.
These issues are difficult, they are sensitive, they are multitudinous, they are
closely interrelated. The Coal Commission report has been submitted to me, and
I thank very much the Commission and
its staff for the quality of their work, for
their dedication, and for this report,
which will be a guide to many other than
those assembled here in the White House
today.
I'm especially proud of Governor Jay
Rockefeller, Chairman of the Commission. The Commission's success and the
proposals for increasing coal use and for
a better life for those who work in the
mines can be traced to his dynamic leadership and to his commitment to coal and
to our country. I also want to thank the
Members of the Congress assembled here,
Senators from the coal States. I have met
with every one of you, sometimes in very
heated discussions, but they've always
been productive for me and for you and
for our country.
And the Members of the House of
Representatives have joined in a most
constructive fashion, bringing a grassroots
approach to the entire analysis and to the
entire study, which has let your own constituents express their views through you
and me. And it's provided a soundness of
judgment that's been beneficial to us all.
I won't list the individual Members of the
House and Senate who are assembled
here, but I also want to mention the many
others who have worked tirelessly to promote coal utilization.
I would say that the most important
recommendation of the Rockefeller Commission was embodied in the utility oil
and gas reduction proposal which I made
to the Congress last Thursday. When the
Congress enacts this legislation-and
every one of you should become a team to
ensure the enactment of that important
law-we will be acting decisively to reduce the unwarranted use of oil and gas
in the electric utility sector. This accelerated national effort at reducing our dependence on imported oil is essential. This
year, we will send $90 billion of American
money overseas to pay for oil which we
are buying from foreign countries. We not
only import extremely large quantities of
oil, but along with it we import, as you
well know, both inflation and unemployment.
This change toward using Americanproduced energy is essential. And in the
conversion of existing big boilers to coal
and to other alternative fuels, we can provide America with its nearest term, most
immediate, large-quantity reductions in
oil and natural gas. The use of 3 million
barrels of oil and natural gas per day in
utility boilers now is a significant element
in our Nation's dependence on that foreign oil which concerns us so much.
My proposal to the Congress is designed
to reduce this use of oil and natural gas
equivalent by 1 million barrels per day by
1990. It will provide significant economic
and national security benefits and represents a sound investment in our Nation's
energy security.
The proposal, as you know from your
briefings which you will receive today, or
have already received, consists of two
parts. Phase I mandates the conversion of
107 coal-capable units at 50 different generating stations. $3.6 billion will be available in grants to pay for up to half the
capital costs associated with the conversion of those plants from oil and gas on
the one hand, to coal in the future. Phase
II will provide a voluntary program that
472
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
utilities may use to achieve savings in
their consumption of oil and natural gas.
$6 billion in grants will be made available
under this part of the program to assist
those utilities in making those investments.
The Commission report, which I've
just received, but which I've seen and
studied ahead of time, also recommends
that a White House advisory council be
established to advise the President on a
continuing basis on coal policy matters,
because if there's one element of American and worldwide society which is constantly changing, it's energy. And as
changing circumstances present themselves to me and to our country, I need
the constant advice of knowledgeable
people who know about the reserve supplies, the best means of extracting those
supplies for the market, the best means of
utilizing this precious possession which
God has given to our country. I intend to
accept the recommendation and to have
this commission or council work closely
with me.
In addition, the Commission recommended that the National Academy of
Sciences be commissioned to study why
some coal mines are safer than others.
Coal mining safety is of paramount concern to me, and I'm today commissioning
such a study to report to the Secretaries
of Labor, Energy, and to the chairman of
the White House coal advisory council.
One of the great benefits of increased
coal. use is employment. And we want
those new jobs throughout our country to
be safe jobs. I'm aware of the environmental concern associated with the use of
coal. We have not evaded this issue. We
have addressed this problem forthrightly
in all of my meetings. With everyone concerned with coal, I have insisted upon
this procedure. Had we ever tried to mis
lead the public, or to evade an important
subject, that evasion would have been
counterproductive.
The Commission, in its report, from the
very first day, has showed that the subject of environmental quality has been included in all the recommendations made.
Jay Rockefeller and his Commission have
worked very closely with the Environmental Protection Agency and its officials,
and there need be no apology made by
the coal industry for all these recommendations, because we have absolutely
not compromised the air quality standards established in the Clear Air Act, in
the conversion of these plants from oil to
coal, or in the other recommendations
made by the Commission.
This is very important. I think not only
will it address this issue forthrightly and
accurately, but it will help to eliminate the
exaggerated concerns that have in the
past been an obstacle to the increased use
of coal. Acid rainfall is a serious problem
to which we must find an acceptable solution. When I meet with the Prime Minister of Canada or when I meet with the
Chancellor of Germany or with other
leaders throughout the world, not only in
our own country, the subject of acid rain
is a growing issue to be addresed and resolved.
Together, you and I, the Congress, of
course, must complete a comprehensive
study of this problem. It's a fairly new
problem. It cannot be evaded, and I'm
sure that we can find a solution to it.
America has more minable coal reserves,
as you know, than any other country on
Earth. Every barrel of imported oil which
we can replace with American coal will
save us precious dollars which we would
otherwise spend overseas. By keeping
those dollars here at home, we can pro
473
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Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
vide American jobs, we can cut down
drastically on the inflation rate, and we
can enhance our Nation's security.
Those possibilities will be realized if
we are able to continue the close cooperation, the dedication, the sound judgment,
the inspiration, and the hard work which
has been personified by these men and
women in this room. Together we can
make our Nation more secure through
a precious possession, coal. You've got a
partner in the White House; together we
will not fail.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:08 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
The reports are entitled "The President's
Commission on Coal-Recommendations and
Summary Findings" and "The President's
Commission on Coal-Staff Findings" (Government Printing Office, 26 and 66 pages, respectively).
St. Patrick's Day
Statement by the President. March 14, 1980
Rosalynn and I rejoice with those who
celebrate St. Patrick's Day, and we share
your pride in the great Irish heritage it
honors.
The fact that this observance has such
national participation is perhaps the truest
measure of the influence of the Irish on
American life.
Rosalynn and I are pleased to have this
annual opportunity to salute the positive
effects of Irish culture and customs
throughout our society and in every area
of endeavor.
We hope this day will be especially
happy and memorable for all our fellow
citizens of Irish descent and for all who
join them in the "wearin' o' the green."
Military Awards Program of the
Departments of Defense and
Transportation
Message to the Congress Transmitting Two
Reports. March 14,1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Forwarded herewith in accordance
with the provisions of 10 U.S.C. ~ 1124
are reports of the Secretary of Defense
and the Secretary of Transportation on
awards made during Fiscal Year 1979 to
members of the Armed Forces for suggestions, inventions and scientific achievements.
Participation by military personnel in
the cash awards program was authorized
by the Congress in 1965. More than two
million suggestion submissions since that
time attest to the success which the program has had as a means of motivating
military personnel to seek ways of reducing costs and improving efficiency. Of
those suggestions submitted, more than
338,000 have been adopted with resultant
tangible first-year benefits in excess of
one billion dollars.
Of the 82,813 suggestions which were
submitted by military personnel (including Coast Guard military personnel) during Fiscal Year 1979, 13,001 were adopted. Cash awards totalling $962,305
were paid for adopted suggestions during
Fiscal Year 1979. These awards were
based not only on tangible first-year benefits of $55,683,093 during Fiscal Year 1979
realized from adopted suggestions, but
also on many additional benefits and improvements of an intangible nature.
Enlisted personnel received $776,780 in
awards during Fiscal Year 1979 representing 81 % of the total cash awards paid
during these periods. Officer personnel received $185,525 during Fiscal Year 1979.
474
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
The attached reports of the Secretary
of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation contain statistical information
on the military awards program and brief
descriptions of some of the more noteworthy contributions made by military
personnel during Fiscal Year 1979.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 14, 1980.
Navy Shipbuilding Programs
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Reporting on the
Programs. March 14, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
This letter is to comply with section 810
of the Department of Defense Appropriation Authorization Act, 1979. That section
requires me to provide the Congress with
my conclusions on the survivability, cost
effectiveness, and combat effectiveness of
any new combatant ship requested, and
my recommendation on whether the ship
should be nuclear or conventionally powered. This letter covers requested authorizations for fiscal years 1981 and 1982 for
the ships listed in the attachment. Other
ships of the major combatant classes have
been authorized in the past.
I consider all of these ships to be combat effective in terms of their ability to
accomplish their designated mission. Because ships last 25 to 30 years or more,
their effectiveness will be enhanced in
the future as new equipment is added. In
all cases, these ships provide more capability than the comparable ships they will
replace.
The cost effectiveness of a ship program is difficult to determine without
establishing the measure of effectiveness
of a specific mission, the intended level of
effectiveness, its alternatives, and the proration of total costs among all the various
missions of a particular ship type. The
continuing programs requested in FY
1981 and 1982 are cost effective because
the ships can accomplish their primary
missions and because nonrecurring costs
have been incurred and production is
underway. Studies are in progress of possible future alternatives to the TRIDENT
Submarine and the SSN-688 Class Nuclear Attack Submarine. Conventional
power is planned for the AEGIS Cruiser
(CG-47) and the Fleet Guided Missile
Frigate (FFG) because it provides adequate propulsion for these ships to accomplish their missions and has lower
procurement costs. The designs for the
Landing Ship Dock (LSD-41) and the
Mine Countermeasures ship (MCM) will
also accomplish their missions in the most
cost effective manner.
Class for class, the ships in this authorization request are more survivable
than ships now in the fleet. The term survivability refers to the ability of each ship
to defend itself and to withstand hits from
existing and projected threats.
I propose nuclear power for the two
types of submarines in the requested authorizations. In view of its higher cost,
nuclear power should be limited to ships
that clearly benefit from its use. Submarine missions provide a much greater opportunity than surface missions to capitalize on nuclear power. Also, it would not be
cost effective to alter either the TRIDENT or attack submarine designs for
conventional power. I therefore recommend that these ships be nuclear powered
and that the others be conventionally
powered.
475
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The Navy will
conclusions and
greater detail.
Sincerely,
address each
recommends
JIMMY (
AUTHORIZATION REQUEST FOR C
SHIPS
LSD-41 Landing Ship DockTRIDENT Submarine --- —SSN-688 Class Nuclear Attack Submarine --- —-----
CG-47 Class AEGIS
Cruiser - ---------------
FFG-7 Fleet Guided Missile Frigate --- —---------
LSD-41 Landing Ship DockMCM Mine Countermeas
F
19
ures Ship --- —---------
NOTE: This is the text of identical
dressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.,
the House of Representatives, and
Mondale, President of the Senate.
Anti-Inflation Program
Remarks Announcing the Administri
Program. March 14,1980
This afternoon I have a vei
message to deliver to our countr)
high inflation threatens the
security of our Nation. Since my
and budget reports were made to
gress and to the people in Janus
changes in world events and
prospects have made it necessa
tensify our anti-inflation fight.
In the last 8 weeks inflation:
interest rates have surged to
dented heights. This is a worldw
lem. During the last 2 reporting
for instance, the increases in th
'Redesignation of the DDG-47 CI
Destroyer.
L of these sale price index in Italy, Great Britain,
itions in and Japan have all increased more than
25 percent. And even in Germany, West
Germany, where the prime consideration,
DARTER equal to national defense, is inflation, the
wholesale price index has increased more
than 13 percent.
y py The inflation that we face today is deep81 1982 rooted. Its many causes have been built up
1 --- over more than a decade. The most im1 portant of these causes are the soaring
I prices for energy throughout the world,
declining productivity growth in our Na2 3 tion, and our failure in government and
as individuals, as an entire American soci4 4 ety, to live within our means.
Inflation is a symptom of economic dis1 tress. The truth is that we have inflation
letters ad- because our economy is not productive
Speaker of enough to do all the things that we deWalter F. mand of it. We want it to give us higher
incomes, bigger profits, and bigger government programs in the areas where we
have a special interest. The Federal Government must stop spending money we do
not have and borrowing to make up the
aition's difference.
Our whole society, the entire American
family, must try harder than ever to live
within its means. As individuals and as a
y. Present nation, we must begin to spend money aceconomic cording to what we can afford in the long
economic run and not according to what we can
the Con- borrow in the short run.
iry, rapid There are no quick answers to inflation,
economic and, above all, there certainly are not any
try to in- painless answers. If there were any such
solutions, any quick or painless solutions,
rates and they would have been implemented long
unprece- ago. We cannot abolish inflation over7ide prob- night by just passing a law against it. Only
rmonths, a long-term effort, with a partnership of
ehol business and labor and individual citizens
and government at all levels, can succeed
lass AEGIS in bringing this serious problem under
control.
476
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
This dangerous situation calls for urgent
measures. We must act firmly and decisively, and we must act now. We must
remove any doubt about our Nation's will
to take the painful steps that will be required to control inflation. We cannot
accept high rates of inflation as a permanent fact of American life.
The intensive anti-inflation program
that I'm announcing today involves five
major components: first, discipline by
reductions in the Federal Government;
second, discipline by restraints on credit;
third, discipline in wage and price actions; fourth, discipline by greater conservation of energy; and fifth, structural
changes over a long period of time to encourage productivity, savings, and research and development.
Let me discuss these one by one. First,
the budget. I will soon set forth a revised
budget for fiscal year 1981, beginning next
October 1. It will be a balanced budget.
And the Congress and I are determined
to keep this budget in balance.
Since the last balanced budget 12 years
ago-and there has been only one balanced budget since 1961-we have added
almost one-half trillion dollars to our Nation's debt. In 1981 we will thus achieve
an objective that has escaped us, eluded
our country in good times and in bad
times, and that is a balanced budget.
By the end of this month, I will send to
Congress a major revision in both my
1980 and 1981 budgets. It will propose
significant reductions of budget authority
from the current proposals in order to cut
spending this fiscal year and next fiscal
year.
I will cut spending in the 1981 budget
by more than $18 billion.* To reach that
goal, I will defer or reduce or cancel most
*The President meant to say $13 billion.
[White House correction.]
of the new or the expanded programs
which were originally proposed in the
1981 budget. I will cut expenditures for
personnel, operating, and maintenance
throughout the Government. I will freeze
Federal civilian employment immediately
and maintain rigid ceilings, so that by the
end of October of this year, we will have
20,000 fewer Federal employees on the
payroll. I will reduce ongoing spending
programs throughout the Federal Government.
I urgently request from the Congress
the savings and the revenue measures in
the budget that I proposed back in January. I want to stress in particular the legislation needed to hold down hospital costs,
to reform Federal pay, and to speed up
collections in revenue. When budget cuts
demand sacrifices from many Americans,
it's intolerable for some to evade prompt
payment of the taxes which they owe. I
will send to the Congress legislation to
make sure that taxes that are owed on
interests and on dividends are actually
paid and paid in a timely manner.
I will maintain my commitment,
through all of this procedure, to a strong
defense and to the level of real growth in
defense spending which I committed on
the honor of our Nation to our NATO
Allies. But the Defense Department will
not be immune from budget austerity. In
particular, I will require that Department
to make savings that do not affect adversely our military preparedness. I consider the proposed defense budget adequate to meet our Nation's needs. We
must maintain budget restraint and fiscal
responsibility in every single agency of
the Federal Government.
Based on our estimates of economic and
budgetary developments, the action that
I have just described will produce a balanced budget in 1981. Of course, in our
system the Congress controls the power of
477.~r-~ — ~-r~lp ---ls. I~r l~-~r~~UP I..-~.ls~Ul~ — siS-I l
-mwYlh(~IIl-P1 ~I
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the purse. The recent intense efforts, one
of the most inspiring demonstrations of
congressional leadership that I have ever
seen, and my close cooperation and consultation with these congressional leaders,
have all convinced me that the Congress
will indeed enact and maintain a balanced
budget that I have just described to you.
But to ensure that outcome I will use every
power at my command, as President, as I
did last week on a popular bill.
I will veto any legislation that exceeds
the spending limits which I consider to be
inconsistent with a balanced budget. I will
use my full powers under the 1974 Budget
Reform Act to hold down Federal spending, including some expenditures which
have already been authorized by the Congress and for which money has been
appropriated.
If, during the course of the year, I judge
these actions and powers which I've just
described as being insufficient, I will ask
the Congress for a temporary grant of ex-,
traordinary powers to ensure that spending by the Federal Government of our
country is contained.
Cutting back Federal spending to
match revenue is not a cure-all, but it is an
essential first step. The sources of inflation
are far too complex to be treated by a single remedy. But nothing will work in an
overall anti-inflation program until the
Federal Government has demonstrated to
the American people that it can discipline
its own spending and its own borrowingnot just as a 1-year exercise but as a longterm policy. Together, we will do just that.
We will dispel the notions that Federal
budget deficits must always be with us.
I want to be absolutely honest about
these budget cuts. We have been cutting
out waste and fraud and trimming the bureaucratic fat. But this time, there will also
have to be cuts in good and worthwhile
programs-programs which I support
very strongly. In this critical situation we
must all look beyond some of our most
worthwhile immediate aims to the overriding permanent needs of our Nation.
Our second area of action is restraining
the growth of credit. Just as our governments have been borrowing to make ends
meet, so have individual Americans been
borrowing to make ends meet. When we
try to beat inflation with borrowed money,
we just make the problem worse.
Inflation is fed by credit-financed
spending. Consumers have gone in debt
too heavily. The savings rate in our Nation
is now much lower than it has been for
more than 25 years. Less than 3 percent of
the earnings of Americans now go into
savings. As inflationary expectations have
been worsened, business and other borrowers are also tempted to use credit to
finance speculative ventures as well as productive activities.
The traditional tools used by the Federal Reserve to control money and credit
expansion are a basic part of the fight
against inflation. But in present circumstances, these tools need to be reinforced
so that effective constraint can be achieved
in ways that spread the burden reasonably
and fairly.
I'm therefore using my power under
the Credit Control Act of 1969 to authorize the Federal Reserve to impose new
restraints on the growth of credit on a
limited and on a carefully targeted basis.
Under this authority the Federal Reserve
will first establish controls for credit cards
and other unsecured loans but not for
secured loans on homes, automobiles, and
other durable goods, and second, to restrain credit extensions by commercial
banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System and also by certain
other money market lenders.
The Chairman of the Federal Reserve
will announce a voluntary program effec
478
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
tive immediately to restrain excessive
growth in loans by larger banks and by
other lenders. At the same time, the program will encourage the flow of available credit supplies for investment and
for other productive uses. Special attention will be given to the particular needs
of small businesses, farmers, and homeowners, and I support these initiatives by
the Federal Reserve.
These carefully targeted actions will
not damage the productive capacity of
our Nation. To help curtail the excessive
uses of credit and by dampening inflation
they should, along with the budget measures that I have described, speed prospects for reducing the strains which presently exist in our financial markets.
In addition, I'm taking steps to reduce
the extension of credit by the Federal Government. Federal loans and loan guarantees will be cut by nearly $4 billion
in fiscal year 1981. As a longer run
measure, I urge Congress to institute
the credit budget which I proposed in
January. It will help us control more effectively the loans and the loan guarantees provided by the Federal Government.
Our third area of action is the voluntary wage and price standards. I do not
have authority to impose mandatory controls. I will oppose such authority being
approved at all by the Congress. We will
not impose mandatory wage and price
controls. Government wage and price
controls have never worked in peacetime.
They create unfair economic distortions,
and they hurt productivity. These results
always force price controls first to be eased
and then to be dismantled while inflation
roars ahead.
Controls create inequities, and the
greatest inequity is their effect on the average American family. As even the most
ardent advocates of mandatory wage and
price controls will admit, the cost of vital
necessities such as food and fuel would be
passed on to those who are living on
frozen wages and on fixed incomes.
We simply cannot outlaw inflation with
a massive Federal bureaucracy or wish
it away with a magic formula. On the
other hand, voluntary wage and price restraints offer the flexibility we need to
deal with our complex economy.
The Council on Wage and Price Stability has just issued revised pay standards
and confirmed an extension of the price
standards. The new pay standards were
developed from the recommendation of
a tripartite advisory committee, with
members from business, labor, and the
public. The committee unanimously recommended standards for pay increases in
the range of 7/2 to 9/2 percent and stated
that under normal circumstances increases should average 8~2 percent. I'm
determined to meet this goal.
In the face of last year's 13-percent
increase in the Consumer Price Index,
and the even higher rate of recent
months, this unanimous recommendation of the Pay Advisory Committee,
designed to produce an average wage and
salary increase of 8/2 percent, reflects a
commendable spirit of restraint and cooperation. With business, labor, and public support, we can meet this goal of restraint.
I'm sharply expanding the price and
wage monitoring activities of the Council
on Wage and Price Stability. Its current
staff of 80 people will be more than tripled. The Council will then establish
teams of experts to track wage and price
developments in each major industry. The
Council will meet with leaders from specific industries to secure their cooperation
in this fight against inflation. Where necessary, we will ask large firms for prenotification of significant price increases.
We will investigate wage and price in
479
*I-~Iq~C)l -I Y -----— D
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
creases that seem out of line with the
standards. I mean to apply these standards with vigor and toughness to both
business and labor.
Our fourth area of action is energy.
The plain truth is that we will never be
completely strong at home or secure
abroad until we've at last solved our Nation's excessive dependence on imported
oil.
This year, we expect to spend $90 billion of America's hard-earned income to
foreign countries to buy their oil. The
price of imported oil has more than doubled-more than doubled in the last 12
months. Last year's increase alone in 1979
was greater than all other increases combined since the oil embargo of 1973. In
fact, last year alone the price of oil increased more than it has since oil was
first discovered.
We must forge ahead toward the goal
that I set last July-cutting in half the
amount of oil that we will import in 1990.
To do this, we will require increased conservation and increased production of
domestic oil, natural gas, and coal, and
the rapid development of alternative energy supplies. For 3 years, as every Member of the Congress well knows, I have
fought for a national energy policy to
achieve each of these goals, and we have
worked closely together. Today, at long
last, we are close to enacting such a policy
into law, and we must not falter now.
I'm asking the Congress to finish without delay the three essential elements of
the energy policy. First, the windfall profits tax; second, the energy security corporation; and third, the energy mobilization board. These bills are the cornerstone
for energy security, for our national security, and for our fight against inflation.
I have recently submitted to the Congress a proposal to conserve energy in
electric powerplants and to convert them
from oil to coal. This legislation, also,
must be passed promptly.
But we can never solve our energy dependence unless we meet the problem of
America's extravagant gasoline use. Gasoline is the most important and the most
wasted petroleum product in the United
States. It accounts for some 40 percent of
all the petroleum we use in our country. In
almost every other industrial country, the
average amount of gasoline used by each
citizen is much less and the price for gasoline is much higher-more than twice as
high in most other industrialized countries
than it is today in the United States.
Americans have done well in the past year
in gasoline conservation. But if we're going to reduce further our dependence on
foreign oil, we must do more.
Therefore, I am exercising my Presidential authbrity to impose a gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. This will
amount to about 10 cents a gallon and will
be imposed only on gasoline. The fee will
not add to the cost of any other petroleum
product, and it will not add at all to the
profit of oil companies. It should reduce
imports by 100,000 barrels per day in 1
year, and within about 3 years, it will reduce the imports of oil from foreign countries by more than 250,000 barrels every
day. I will submit to Congress a request
for a specific gasoline tax, in the same
amount exactly, which will replace the
conservation fee.
The funds from this gasoline conservation charge will be held in reserve or used
to reduce the national debt. I do not intend to use these revenues to balance the
budget or as a substitute for necessary
spending cuts. That would not contribute
substantially to the control of inflation.
But these revenues, which will begin occurring immediately, will give the budget,
which will be balanced, a margin of safety,
ensuring that it will remain in balance if
480
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
conditions or estimates change in a way
that we do not anticipate.
We can now set new State targets for
gasoline consumption which will, within a
year, reduce consumption by 400,000 barrels per day. This action also underscores
a commitment to greater conservation
that our friends abroad, both the producing countries and the consuming countries, can both join and support.
Finally, the Secretary of Energy is pursuing an intensified national energy conservation plan. Our aim is to involve every
level of government, business and laborin fact, every single citizen in our country-in conserving American energy.
Our fifth area of action involves longterm structural changes to encourage productivity, savings, and research and development. We must face the fact that over
the last 10 years the pace of productivity
growth in the United States has slowed
sharply. Last year productivity actually
declined. This trend is an important longterm factor in inflation. It must be
reversed.
I'm asking my Presidential commission
on an agenda for the 1980's as part of
their work to develop specific recommendations for revitalizing our Nation's
economy. Our priority now is to balance
the budget, but once these spending limitations have actually been achieved, we
can then provide tax relief to encourage
investment. Through fiscal discipline today, we can free up resources tomorrow,
through tax deductions, for the productivity increase which our Nation needs.
This discipline which I've described to
you will not be easy. Our new budgets will
be very tight. There are some things we
cannot afford, at least not right now. But
the most important thing we cannot afford
is the national delusion which we have
been harboring about inflation. We cannot
afford the fairytale that inflation can
somehow be passed along to the next person or somehow be passed along to the
next generation.
The actions I've outlined involve costs.
They involve pain. But the cost of acting
is far less than the cost of not acting. The
temporary pain of inconvenience and discipline is far less for all of us together
than the still worst permanent pain of
constantly rising inflation. For all of us,
but especially for the most disadvantaged
among us, inflation is indeed the most
cruel tax of all.
When we take these necessary steps
against inflation, it will not result in a
quick victory. Don't look for massive
changes next week. Over the next several
months inflation is likely to continue at a
high level. We must be patient and we
must be persistent. But I'm confident that
the steps that I've outlined today will
make the inflation rate be declining later
on this year. As that happens, we can look
forward to calmer financial markets and
to lower interest rates.
By taking control of this problemwhich involves taking control of ourselves-we can put an end to the fear
about the future that afflicts so many of
our own people and so many of our institutions. In the fight against inflation, what
is at stake is more than material wealth
or material comfort. What is at stake is
whether or not Americans-as a nation
and as a people-will retain control of
our own destiny.
In crises abroad, we've always shown
our ability to respond with steadfastness
and with courage. We must now show the
same determination, the same national
unity, the same national commitment, the
same partnership, in meeting the challenge of inflation.
With inflation, as with defense and with
energy, our responsibility is clear: to face
the world as it is, not to mislead ourselves,
481
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
to be honest about the hard decisions that
are necessary, to make these decisions and
with courage carry them out, and to build
together a strong and secure and a hopeful future for every American. With
proper discipline we will prevail in our
fight against inflation.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 4:31 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House to an audience comprised, of administration officials,
Members of Congress, State and local officials,
heads of business and labor organizations, and
leaders of civic, community, and private organizations. His remarks were broadcast live
on radio and television.
Airplane Crash Near Warsaw,
Poland
Statement by the President. March 14, 1980
The people of our country are saddened
'by the airline tragedy which took place
today near Warsaw, Poland. We are saddened by the awful loss of life, and share
the grief of those who knew the victims.
I wish to particularly express the condolences of the American people to the
families and friends of those killed in the
crash who were members of the United
States amateur boxing team and those
who accompanied them.
The spirit and determination of these
fine American athletes, and those who
coached and assisted them, reflected what
is best about our country. They represented our Nation well, and will be sorely
missed.
NOTE: The Polish jetliner crashed near Okecie
International Airport, killing 87 passengers,
among which were 14 U.S. athletes and 8
coaches and team officials. Seven other Americans also died in the crash.
Credit Control
Executive Order 12201. March 14, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
Section 205 of the Credit Control Act (12
U.S.C. 1904), and having determined
that the regulation and control of credit
is necessary and appropriate for the purpose of preventing and controlling inflation generated by the extension of
credit in an excessive volume, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
1-101. The Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System is authorized to
exercise all the authority under the Credit
Control Act (12 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.) to
regulate and control consumer credit.
1-102. The Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System is authorized to
exercise all the authority under the Credit
Control Act to regulate and control credit
extended by those financial intermediaries
which are not subject, as of the date hereof, to either the amendments of law effected by Public Law 89-597, as amended,
or Section 19 of the Federal Reserve Act,
as amended (12 U.S.C. 461), and which
are primarily engaged in the extension of
short-term credit.
1-103. The Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System is authorized to
exercise all the authority under the Credit
Control Act to regulate and control credit
extended to commercial banks that are
not members of the Federal Reserve System in the form of managed liabilities.
1-104. The Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System is authorized to
exercise the authority under Section 206
(4) of the Credit Control Act (12 U.S.C.
1905(4)) to prescribe appropriate requirements as to the keeping of records
with respect to all forms of credit.
482
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
1-105. For the purposes of this Order
"consumer credit," "financial intermediaries," "short-term credit," commercial banks," and "managed liabilities"
shall have such meaning as may be reasonably prescribed by the regulations of the
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
1-106. The authorizations granted by
this Order shall remain in effect for an
indefinite period of time and until revoked
by the President.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 14, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:49 p.m., March 14, 1980]
Federal Agency Reorganization
Statement on Signing H.R. 4337 Into Law.
March 14, 1980
I have today approved H.R. 4337,
which will reorganize the Foreign Claims
Settlement Commission and abolish the
Annual Assay Commission, the U.S.
Marine Corps Memorial Commission,
and the Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board. These reorganizations are the
result of a review of small agencies carried
out by the President's Reorganization
Project in the Office of Management and
Budget. I commend the Congress, and
particularly Representative Jack Brooks
and Senator Abraham Ribicoff, for the
passage of this legislation.
The Foreign Claims Settlement Commission is a three-member Commission
that decides claims of U.S. citizens whose
properties in foreign countries have been
destroyed by military action or expropriated by foreign governments. The reorganization contained in this legislation
transfers the Commission to the Department of Justice and changes the appointment status of two of the three Commissioners from full-time to part-time. This
step will save about $100,000 annually.
In addition, placement within a larger
department will make it easier for the
Commission to maintain claims expertise
and to carry out secondary activities.
Three other small agencies are abolished by this legislation:
(1) The Annual Assay Commission
is abolished. The Commission was created
in 1792 to ensure that coins produced by
the Bureau of the Mint contained the required equivalent value of gold and silver.
As a result of the Gold Reserve Act of
1934 and the Coinage Act of 1965, the
United States no longer produces gold or
silver coins of equivalent value, and the
need for a separate Commission has diminished. Another function of the Commission, the testing of weights and sizes of
coins, is routinely carried out by personnel of the Bureau of the Mint and the National Bureau of Standards.
(2) The U.S. Marine Corps Memorial
Commission is abolished. The Commission has accomplished its legislative mandate to formulate plans for an appropriate
memorial to members of the U.S. Marine
Corps who gave their lives in the service of
their country. An armory was constructed
in Grand Park, Chicago, Ill., as a result of the Commission's activities.
(3) The Low-Emission Vehicle Certification Board is abolished. The Board
was created to encourage the use of lowemission vehicles which it certified
as suitable substitutes for other classes of
vehicles being procured by the Federal
Government. The Board has been inactive
for more than 3 years, and legislative developments in the energy area have eliminated the need for the Board. The Elec
483
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tric and Hybrid R&D Demonstration Act
of 1976 (P.L. 94-413) encourages development of low-emission vehicles and
requires the General Services Administration and the Postal Service to introduce
low-emission vehicles into their fleets as
soon as possible.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 4337 is Public Law
96-209, approved March 14.
THE PRESIDENT'S
NEWS CONFERENCE OF
MARCH 14, 1980
ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM
THE PRESIDENT. Last night at this time I
was participating in a remarkable event,
truly historic in the development of our
Nation. I was in the Cabinet Room, next
to the Oval Office, along with the leadership of the Democrats in the House and
the Senate, discussing the features of and
the implementation of a comprehensive,
anti-inflation program for our Nation.
We mutually pledged to assure that this
program would be successful, and the
Democrats, the leadership, after 10 days
of intense discussions and negotiations
with my administration, themselves
offered adequate cuts in the existing
budget to ensure a balanced budget for
1981.
I'm very grateful for this cooperation.
And during the same afternoon the Republicans, the leadership there, pledged
that if the Democrats would take the
leadership they would also cooperate, which I think will ensure that the
Congress will guarantee that with our cooperative effort this will be successful.
Just a few hours ago I described the
basic elements of this program, to intensify America's battle against inflation.
These actions will be painful. They will
not work overnight. But they are necessary to preserve the power of the greatest
economic nation on Earth.
Inflation is bad in our country, but it's
not as bad as that in some of our major
allies, Great Britain, Japan, Italy. We
have many reasons for this high inflation
rate-the unprecedented increase in the
price of oil, the fact that we as individuals and a society have tried to beat inflation by borrowing. It's as though we have
come to believe that a penny borrowed is
a penny earned. Our whole society, beginning with the Federal Government,
must live within its means. We must exert
discipline on ourselves. We must act decisively, and we must act now. And I will
set forth a revised budget for 1981 that
will be a balanced budget.
To achieve this goal I will defer or reduce or cancel many new programs which
have been proposed recently to the Congress. I will cut expenditures throughout
the Government. I will freeze Federal employment immediately, to cut down the
total number of employees on the Federal
payroll by at least 20,000 between now
and the 1st of October. These budget cuts
will be difficult politically and also because there will be inconveniences and
disappointments among many people. But
some sacrifice now will be much less
onerous and burdensome, particularly to
the needy among us, than the serious
suffering that will occur if we don't arrest
the inflationary spirals.
We will have a balanced budget beginning in October. To ensure this goal I will
veto any legislation that exceeds our
spending limit. I will use my powers
under the budget acts to hold down budget-busting appropriations, and, if necessary, I will ask the Congress for additional
powers to make sure that these goals are
realized.
484
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
A balanced budget is not a cure-all, but
it's a necessary part of an overall commitment. Without a balanced budget
commitment there would be no way to
put together a credible anti-inflation program. The Federal Government simply
must accept discipline on itself as an example for others to follow.
Secondly, our governments have been
borrowing, but so have people and institutions in our Nation been borrowing too
much. So, credit controls will be implemented, as authorized by me and as administered by the Federal Reserve System
of our country, to moderate the expansion
of credit, with special emphasis provided,
however, to meet the needs of small businesses, farmers, and those who would buy
homes.
Third, we'll have improved compliance
with our voluntary wage and price constraints. Mandatory wage and price controls will not be used. They have never
worked in peacetime. Prices have always
continued to rise even under an enormous Federal bureaucracy, and the greatest harm has come to the average American family living on a fixed income with
frozen wages while the cost of vital necessities like food and fuel continue to go
higher and higher.
And fourth, as I said earlier, the price
of imported oil has more than doubled in
the last 12 months. Last year's increase in
prices of oil alone was greater than all
other increases in the price of oil since oil
was first discovered many years ago. We
simply must cut these imports. We are
now approaching the final stages of implementing through law a comprehensive
and an adequate energy policy for our
Nation. But we cannot meet the goal of
reducing imports adequately unless we
control the unwarranted and extravagant
consumption of gasoline.
Therefore, to make reductions in oil
imports, I will impose an oil import conservation fee, equal to about 10 cents a
gallon, to cut down on the use of gasoline.
The first year this will result in savings of
100,000 barrels a day of imported oil;
after 3 years, about 250,000 barrels per
day will be reduced because of this charge.
And we will be able, this year, to cut our
gasoline consumption, and therefore oil
imports, 400,000 barrels of oil per day.
I'll take long-term efforts to improve
the vitality of our economy and to increase productivity through tax reductions. But these tax reductions can only
come after we have been sure that we can
exercise and maintain the discipline of a
balanced budget.
There are no quick answers to inflation.
There are no easy answers. There are no
painless answers to inflation. If so, they
would have been carried out long ago.
The American people are not going to be
deceived on this issue. The projects that
I've outlined will involve costs; they involve pain. But the cost is far less in taking action than it will be if we take no
action.
I must tell you very frankly that the results will not be immediate. We can expect several more months of very high inflation. But toward the end of this year
the inflation rate will begin to drop, I
think drop substantially.
The hard truth is that there is no easy
way. Americans must do this together.
The final point I'd like to make before
I take your answers is that our Nation
is strong and vital. We are similar to a
superb athlete who has simply gotten out
of shape. The American economy has an
underlying strength and resiliency. With
discipline and restraint and with a willingness to accept, perhaps, some aching
muscles at first, our economy can perform
again like a champion. In the fight against
inflation what is at stake is more than
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material wealth, it's more than material
comfort; what is at stake is whether we as
Americans, as a nation, as a people, will
control our own destiny. In order to do
so we must control inflation. And the
Congress and I and, I believe, our entire
Nation is determined to make this effort
successful.
Thank you very much.
Mr. Cormier [Frank Cormier, Associated Press].
QUESTIONS
BALANCED FEDERAL BUDGETS
Q. Mr. President, do you look forward
to more than one balanced budget in a
row-because if you look for more, we
haven't had two in a row since Eisenhower, three in a row since Truman, and
four in a row since Herbert Hoover. I just
wondered how you look forward to that.
THE PRESIDENT. My hope is that once
we establish a precedent of a balanced
budget under the present very difficult circumstances, that we will be able to maintain that financial discipline and that
budget discipline that we have achieved.
ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS
Q. Mr. President, is Israel keeping
faith with the Camp David accords and
the autonomy talks, when by government
policy it continues to confiscate the land of
Palestinians?
THE PRESIDENT. There is nothing specifically in the Camp David accords concerning the settlements themselves. There
is an agreement in the treaty between
Israel and Egypt about settlements that
have been established in the Sinai region,
which is Egyptian territory. I might say
concerning that, that our policy is set by
me, as President. There has been no
change in our policy. That policy is guided
by U.N. Resolution 242 and 338, the
basis of all of our negotiations; by every
word in the Camp David accords, signed
by me on behalf of our Nation; and by
Begin and Sadat on behalf of Israel and
Egypt. We intend to carry out that agreement.
Right now we are indulged in some very
difficult but very important discussions
and negotiations to establish full autonomy on the West Bank, Gaza area. I believe that these discussions can be successful. It's crucial to our own Nation's
security that they be successful, that we
have peace in the Middle East; and, it's,
I think, crucial to the whole region that
these discussions be successful.
I might add one other point. It's not
easy. We've had tedious negotiations at
Camp David. We had tedious negotiations
almost exactly a year ago, when we finally
concluded and signed the Mideast peace
treaty. Our principles are well known by
Prime Minister Begin and by President
Sadat, and I stay constantly in touch with
them and our negotiators to make sure
that we are successful.
I believe that we will have peace in the
Middle East, with a secure Israel behind
recognized borders, with the Palestinian
question being resolved in all its aspects,
and with peace between Israel and her
neighbors.
Q. You say the policy is set by you.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. And this is a question about the
recent mix-up on the U.N. resolution. My
question really goes to process. The resolution was not the resolution that you
wanted. Are you the only one who can
determine that it's not the resolution you
want? Does your staff not know when it's
not a resolution that you want, or is it
possible that some of your foreign policy
advisers are trying to make policy for you?
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Mar. 14
THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anybody
in my administration doubts that I'm the
one that sets the policy. The U.N. resolution, as it was passed, was not in accordance with the policy that I have established. It was not in accordance with the
agreements that I had made with Prime
Minister Begin, well understood by President Safiat.
We hiad agreed among us that we did
not approve, as an American Government,
of the settlements on the West Bank and
Gaza area-that they were an obstacle to
peace. But we also had agreed that during
the time of the negotiations, we would not
call for the dismantling of existing settlements. That was to be resolved as an issue
in the ongoing negotiations.
Also, President Sadat, Prime Minister
Begin, and I agreed on a paragraph in the
Camp David accords concerning Jerusalem. It called for, and we still believe,
that there should be an undivided Jerusalem, but that those who look upon those
places in Jerusalem as holy places, should
have unimpeded access to them for
worship.
This resolution in the U.N. violated
those two very important and basic principles. Those issues have not yet been resolved. There is nothing in this resolution
at the U.N. that established the permanent status of the West Bank and Gaza
area. That will be established after a 5 -year interval period, during which full
autonomy is enjoyed by the residents of
the area. So, the resolution was in violation of my policy.
I might say that I have absolute confidence in Secretary Vance. I have seen
him days and days and weeks negotiating
to achieve the security of Israel and the
peace of Israel. It was an honest breakdown in communications between me and
the United Nations. I'm responsible for
anything that goes wrong in this Govern
ment, and I'm also responsible, on occasion, for things that go right. Secretary
Vance is responsible for the State Department. But to say exactly how the communications broke down is very difficult
to do.
But I made it known as quickly as I discovered it, that this resolution did violate
the policy and disavowed our vote for it.
ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM
Q. Mr. President, the other three times
that you proposed a new anti-inflation
program, you pledged each time that they
would help restrain the rate of inflation,
and yet we've seen it climb from 5 percent,
when you took office, to more than 18 percent now on an annual basis. What assurance can you offer the American people
that the plan you announced today will
bring down the rate of inflation?
THE PRESIDENT. I have absolutely no
doubt that the plan that I outlined today,
when implemented, will indeed bring
down the high rate of inflation which
exists today. There are some elements that
cause the present high inflation ratewhich is a worldwide problem over
which I have no control.
One is the price of foreign oil, when
we are importing so much of it. As I said
earlier, it has more than doubled in price
in the last 12 months. In fact, just 1
month ago, the price of energy in our
own Nation increased 7/2 percent in 1
month, which is an annual rate of 90 percent. But I can control how much oil is
imported at that high price, and we can
shift to more plentiful supplies of energy
in our own Nation.
We have not had a balanced budget
in 12 years. We've only had one balanced
budget since 1961. But I can guarantee
you that we will have a balanced budget
in 1981, fiscal year beginning October 1.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The Nation is aroused now, as it has
never been before-at least in my lifetime-about the horrors of existing inflation and the threat of future inflation.
Never in the history of our Nation has
there been so much of a common commitment and a common discussion and
a common negotiation between any President and his administration and the leaders of the Congress. This is a mutual
commitment. It's not just something that
I'm proposing to Congress with little expectation of success.
So, there are several elements, including those I've just described to you, that
make it certain, in my mind, that we will
have a substantial reduction in the inflation rate during this year-the latter part
of this year. And I believe that we'll be
under double-digit inflation next year.
STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION
Q. Mr. President, I'd like to ask you
two questions if I could, please, about the
SALT process-one general, one specific.
The first question is, given the fact this
is an election year, do you still intend to
push ahead with Senate ratification of
SALT? If so, when will you ask the Senate to ratify SALT? The second question
deals with the Trident submarine. When
that begins sea trials in July, I think under the SALT I agreement you will need
to begin decommissioning Polaris submarines to stay within the limits of the SALT
I agreement. Will you begin decommissioning Polaris submarines when Trident
begins its sea trials, or will you opt for
technical violation of the SALT I agreement?
THE PRESIDENT. The agreement which
we presently have with the Soviet Union,
which I intend to honor as long as they
reciprocate, is to comply with all the
terms of the interim SALT agreement,
which is known as SALT I.
SALT II has been signed by me and
President Brezhnev. I consider it binding
on our two countries. It has not yet been
ratified. We will observe very closely to
make sure that the Soviets comply with
this agreement. I will not ask the Senate
to ratify SALT II until I have a chance
to consult very closely with the congressional leadership on the Senate side, particularly Majority Leader Byrd and others
who work with him, both Democrats and
Republicans.
Because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan it is obvious that we would not
be successful in ratifying SALT II treaty
at this time. It is still on the calendar. It
will not be brought up until after that
consultation takes place. I will also continue to consult with congressional leadership as far as compliance with SALT II
is concerned.
But my present intention, within the
bounds of reciprocal action on the Soviet
Union and consultations with the Senate
and, to some degree, the House leadership, I intend to comply with the provisions of SALT II.
Q. Mr. President, I'm a bit confused
by that last answer. You both said that
you regarded the treaty that you signed
as binding on this country and that you
would consult on compliance with it. I
guess the question then comes down to
whether or not the United States, in absence of ratification, would observe the
provisions of SALT II and the notion that
it's in its own best interests and, I suppose,
inviting Soviet comparable action. Is that
what you're saying to us?
THE PRESIDENT. Ordinarily, when a
treaty is signed between the heads of two
nations, the presumption is that the treaty will be honored on both sides absent
some further development. One further
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
development that would cause me to renounce the treaty would be after consulting with the Members of the Senate to
determine an interest of our Nation that
might cause such a rejection, in which
case I would notify the Soviet Union that
the terms of the treaty were no longer
binding.
So, there will be two provisos in the
continued honoring of the SALT II treaty. One is that the Soviets reciprocate
completely, as verified by us, and secondly, that the consultations that I will continue with the Senate leadership confirm
me in my commitment that it's in the
best interests of our country to do so.
FEDERAL GRANTS TO CITIES
Q. Mr. President, you've been accused
of buying votes in this particular election.
With your efforts to balance the budget,
will you continue to favor those particular
cities and persons within those cities who
favor your reelection?
THE PRESIDENT. We have never favored any person or cities who favored my
reelection.
FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET
Q. Mr. President, you submitted your
fiscal '81 budget just 7 weeks ago, and
then we had the January CPJ figures and
everyone was shocked, of course. My question is, why, sir, could you not have anticipated increased inflation and submitted
a balanced budget at that time, the kind
of cuts that you announced and the kind
of package that you announced today and,
as you mentioned a minute ago, arouse
the country at that time?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, circumstances
have changed drastically since we completed work on the 1981 budget, even
since I submitted it to the Congress in
January. At that time there was a gen
eral presumption that quite early this year
we would be faced-not with rapidly escalating inflation, but with an actual recession. Everyone has been amazed at the
strength of our economy, the rapidity with
which growth has occurred, of business
investments, an actual reduction in unemployment, and other indicators of a
very hot economy in spite of the fact that
energy prices and other reasons have
caused the inflation rate to escalate. So,
when circumstances change, as I've just
described, we must change our policy.
I think that when we submitted this
budget in January it was a very stringent
budget. When I ran for President, for instance, in 1976, the budget deficit was over
4 percent of the gross national product.
The 1981 budget, as submitted, had cut
that 4 percent down to about one-half of
1 percent. So, we've been making good
progress in cutting down the budget deficit. But now, because of increasing evidence of uncontrollable inflation and uncontrollable interest rates if we don't take
more drastic action, we decided to take
the drastic action that I described this
afternoon.
PROGRAMS FOR MINORITY GROUPS
Q. Mr. President, the Congressional
Black Caucus has labeled your 1981 budget proposal an unmitigated disaster for
racial minorities, the poor, and the elderly.
And they also say it reflects the level of indifference that the administration has
adopted towards the minority community. Could you respond to that?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. That's not an accurate assessment, but I think it's an accurate report that you just gave on their
attitude. We've had a very successful first
3 years in increased programs and increased sensitivity to the needs of the dis
489
t.
Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
advantaged people in our country, including minority groups. We've had an unprecedented increase in jobs. We've had
an unprecedented commitment to the
urban areas of our country, inhabited by
the poor and quite often by minority
groups. We've had a 75-percent increase
in educational funds from the Federal
Government, primarily oriented toward
the disadvantaged children and others. So,
we've got an excellent record so far, not
only in the allocation of funds and programs for those who need them most but
also in the appointment of very knowledgeable and very competent minority
representatives, in my administration as a
whole, and also to Federal judgeships and
other similar positions in the regulatory
agencies.
Now, in my opinion, the people in our
Nation who will most benefit from controlling inflation are the ones who are
most damaged by it, and that's the ones
on low incomes, on fixed incomes, who
have to face day after day an 18- or 20 -percent increase in cost of the things they
have to buy on those relatively fixed incomes. There will be some transient inconvenience or disappointment, but it will
be much less than the permanent damage
to the quality of life of those poor people
on the long term if we do not get inflation
under control.
So, in my judgment the best thing that
I could do for the people about whom I
am deeply concerned, the disadvantaged
and the poor, is to take every step to control inflation. The cuts that we have put
into our plans that will be revealed to the
Congress very shortly have been worked
out by the very liberal Members of the
Congress who helped to initiate those programs in the first place. And as we have
put together this package, we have had a
special sensitivity for those who are most
disadvantaged and have minimized the
adverse effect on them by the cuts that will
be proposed.
AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN
Q. Mr. President, can you give us some
new word on the hostage situation in
Iran? Is the administration content to
just wait until the parliament is elected,
or do you have any plan to resolve this?
Do you plan to bring any more pressures
on Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. We are not content
for the innocent American hostages to be
held by terrorists for one single day. This
is an abhorrent act in direct violation not
only of international law but the very
Islamic principles which these militants
profess to espouse and to support. We
have done everything we possibly could
in the last 4 months to honor the principles of our Nation, to protect the interests
of our Nation, to try to preserve in every
way the health and the lives of those
hostages, and to work for their freedom.
I don't know when they'll be released.
We have constant negotiations and attempts to provide continuing communication with the leaders of Iran. I believe
that when there's a stable government in
Iran, which may possibly occur after the
elections-the vote, as you know, began
today. But our past few days have been
characterized by bitter disappointments,
because, in effect, commitments that had
been made by the newly elected President
and administration of Iran were not
honored, because prior to these parliamentary elections they obviously do not
have the authority to speak and carry out
their own commitment. Whether they'll
have that authority after the elections are
completed I don't know. I certainly hope
so.
490
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 14
SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY
Q. Mr. President, how much longer before you will feel that you have whipped,
to use your phrase, Senator Kennedy's
donkey? [Laughter] Will it take the Illinois primary, or New York? At what point
do you feel that you will have this job
done?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think we've
got 35 or 36 primaries, and the rest are
caucus States. During this 5-day period, I
think, we've got 11 elections. We've done
very well recently in those contests, but the
acknowledgement of defeat is a judgment
to be made completely by my opponents,
and not by me. And I have no indication
and no expectation that there would be
any termination to their election efforts
anytime in the near future.
IRANIAN IMMIGRANTS
Q. Sir, why did we let in over 9,000
Iranians to come here and be citizens of
this country after they took our hostages?
Was that an accident or what happened?
THE PRESIDENT. No, it's not an accident. There's a difference between a great
and a free and compassionate democratic
nation on the one hand, and other countries from which refugees flee, looking for
freedom, looking for the right to worship
as they please, trying to escape possible
persecution. We have screened the immigrants very closely, and in every instance,
they have been determined to have a real,
genuine, legal interest and reason for
coming to our country.
It would not be advisable for us, it
would not be humane for us, it would not
even be decent for us, in my opinion,
when we have an intense confrontationan extremely emotional confrontationwith a revolutionary country like Iran, to
refuse to accept refugees who are trying to
escape circumstances there and coming to
our Nation for a haven. This was a decision made by me, it's in accordance with
the American law, and I believe it's in the
best interests of our own country to do so.
GASOLINE CONSERVATION FEE
Q. Mr. President, would you please explain how an oil import fee of four dollars
and sixty-some odd cents per barrel, and
an eventual 10-cent-per-gallon tax on
gasoline will help fight inflation, rather
than create more inflation?
THE PRESIDENT. The immediate result
of that will not be a reduction in inflation.
It will be an increase in the inflationary
status of our country, as measured by the
CPI. But what we must do is to cut down
on our excessive dependence on imported
oil.
This year, we're going to send out of
our Nation between eighty and ninety
billion dollars of hard-earned American
money to foreign countries to buy their
oil. As we import that excessive amount of
oil, we also import inflation and unemployment. When we reduce our unwarranted demands to buy the existing
amount of oil that exists on the world
markets, it causes a lessening in demand
and therefore tends to hold down prices.
I believe that because of our action in
cutting down oil imports and conservation measures, combined with that of
other major oil-importing countries, we
have already seen some moderation of the
price of oil. I have no belief at all that
1980 will see anything like the increase in
oil prices that resulted in 1979 when demand exceeded the available supply.
So, we benefit in two ways: One is
keeping the money and the jobs in our
own Nation, instead of sending it over
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Mar. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
seas. And secondly, we help to moderate
the worldwide price for energy which will
have a major effect in cutting down inflationary pressures in our country in the
future.
But there will be some transient, temporary adverse effect because of the increase that I will bring about by the conservation fee.
MR. CORMIER. Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, sir.
NOTE: President Carter's fifty-fifth news conference began at 9 p.m. in the East Room at
the White House. It was broadcast live on
radio and television.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
March 8
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs.
March 10
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-members of the National Association
of State Departments of Agriculture.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the Community Services Administration.
March 11
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget;
-Representative Peter W. Rodino, Jr.,
of New Jersey and Mayor Thomas H.
Cook, Jr., of East Orange, N.J.;
-Rocco Arizzi, 1980 National Poster
Child for the Muscular Dystrophy
Association;
-Representative Robert A. Young of
Missouri;
-Representative Robert Garcia of New
York.
The President transmitted to the Congress the first annual report on the Status
of the Weatherization Assistance
Program.
March 12
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Moon Landrieu, Secretary
of Education Shirley Hufstedler, Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland,
Secretary of Transportation Neil
Goldschmidt, Eugene Eidenberg,
Deputy Assistant to the President for
Intergovernmental Affairs, Stuart E.
Eizenstat, Assistant to the President
for Domestic Affairs and Policy,
Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr., Assistant to
the President, and Mr. McIntyre;
-Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, and Dr. Brzezinski;
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
— Secretary of the Treasury G. William
Miller, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to
the President on Inflation, Charles L.
Schultze, Chairman of the Council
of Economic Advisers, and Mr.
Eizenstat.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration policies and programs
given for county farm bureau presidents
from Ohio in Room 450 of the Old Executive Office Building.
The President signed Executive Order
12198, "Prescribing Amendments to the
Manual for Courts-Martial, United
States, 1969 (Revised Edition)," which
amends the rules of evidence applicable
to courts-martial to make them conform
as closely as possible to the rules applicable to criminal trials in Federal civilian
courts. The text of the Executive order is
printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of
March 14, 1980.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 13th annual report of the U.S.Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program for Calendar Year 1979.
March 13
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-former President Gerald R. Ford;
-a group of Republican Senators and
Representatives;
-a group of Democratic Senators and
Representatives.
The President announced that he will
nominate James B. King for reappointment as Chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board for a 2-year term.
King has been Chairman of the NTSB
since 1978.
The President announced the appoint
ment of William J. Beckham, Jr., Deputy
Secretary of Transportation, as Alternate
U.S. Representative to the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society.
March 14
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary
of Defense Harold Brown, Hedley
W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the
President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel
to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-the Cabinet.
The President announced the appointments of Margaret McKenna and
Michael Bakalis as Deputy Under Secretaries of Education.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted March 12, 1980
WILLIAM COURTLEIGH GARDNER, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Judge
of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for the term of years prescribed by
Public Law 91-358, as amended, vice Alfred
Burka, retired.
Submitted March 14, 1980
JAMES B. KING, of Massachusetts, to be Chairman of the National Transportation Safety
Board for a term of 2 years (reappointment).
HENRY BOWEN FRAZIER III, of Virginia, to be
a member of the Federal Labor Relations
Authority for a term of 5 years expiring July
1, 1985 (reappointment).
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of
the White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released March 11, 1980
Transcript: remarks and a question-and-answer session on the results of the March 11
State Democratic Party primaries and
caucuses-by Press Secretary Jody Powell
Released March 12, 1980
Fact sheet: Project Head Start
Released March 14, 1980
Announcement: appointment of Margaret
McKenna as a Deputy Under Secretary of
Education
Announcement: appointment of Michael
Bakalis as a Deputy Under Secretary of
Education
Advance text: remarks announcing the antiinflation program
Fact sheet: anti-inflation program
List: attendees at the President's remarks announcing the anti-inflation program
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved March 6, 1980
H.R. 6374 --- —-------- Public Law 96-201
An act to authorize the President of the
United States to present on behalf of the
Congress a specially struck gold medal to
Ambassador Kenneth Taylor.
Approved March 8, 1980
S.J. Res. 43 --- —------- Public Law 96-202
A joint resolution to proclaim March 21,
1980, "National Energy Education Day".
Approved March 10, 1980
S. 1850 --- —----------- Public Law 96-203
An act to authorize the conveyance of lands
in the city of Hot Springs, Arkansas.
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved March 11, 1980
H.J. Res. 434 --- —------ Public Law 96-204
A joint resolution to authorize and request
the President to issue a proclamation designating April 6 through 12, 1980, "National
Medic Alert Week".
H.R. 891 --- —---------- Private Law 96-48
An act for the relief of Barbara Laws Smith.
H.R. 1559 --- —--------- Private Law 96-49
An act for the relief of Neila Ruiz Hedlund.
Approved March 12, 1980
H.R. 3756 --- —-------- Public Law 96-205
An act to authorize appropriations for certain insular areas of the United States, and
for other purposes.
S.J. Res. 149 --- —----- Public Law 96-206
A joint resolution to recognize the Honorable Carl Vinson on the occasion of the
christening of the United States Ship Carl
Vinson, March 15, 1980.
Approved March 13, 1980
H.J. Res. 493 --- —------ Public Law 96-207
A joint resolution providing for the appointment of William G. Bowen as a citizen regent
of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian
Institution.
H.J. Res. 494 --- —------ Public Law 96-208
A joint resolution providing for the appointment of Carlisle H. Humelsine as a citizen
regent of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
Approved March 14, 1980
H.R. 4337 --- —-------- Public Law 96-209
An act to provide for the transfer of the
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of
the United States to the United States Department of Justice as a separate agency in
that Department; to provide for the authority
and responsibility of the Department of
Justice to supply to the Foreign Claims
Settlement Commission certain administrative support services without altering the
adjudicatory independence of the Commission; to change the terms of office and
method of appointment of the members of
the Commission, and for other purposes.
494; --- — - -- -- -1_..
Week Ending Friday, March 21, 1980
Allard K. Lowenstein
Statement on the Death of the Former U.S.
Representative From New York.
March 15, 1980
The senseless and violent death of
Allard K. Lowenstein has cut short a life
devoted to reason and justice. From the
sit-ins to the campuses to the halls of Congress, Al Lowenstein was a passionate
fighter for a more humane, more democratic world. In the civil rights and antiwar movements, his eloquent dedication
to nonviolent change inspired many thousands of Americans. As my administration's representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights and
the United Nations Trusteeship Council,
he was an effective spokesman for
democracy around the world and for justice and reconciliation in southern Africa.
I deplore the act of violence which took
Mr. Lowenstein's life, and Rosalynn and
I extend our deepest sympathy to his children and to the countless friends he made
in a life of service to his fellow human
beings.
NOTE: The former Congressman was fatally
shot in his New York law office on March 14.
National League of Cities
Remarks at the Annual Congressional-City
Conference. March 17, 1980
To be here with you this afternoon, to
listen to my good friend, President Jessie
Rattley, describe the emotional feelings
which she has on occasion like this and
to listen very raptly to her moving words,
to see your expression of welcome and
friendship and applause has alleviated at
least partly my trepidation-[laughter]about coming to meet with you on this
very sobering occasion. It's good to see my
old friends. And if you're still friends after
my Friday speech, then I know you'll be
there when the going gets tough, and I
thank you for it.
This is not an easy time for me. I would
guess the last 2 weeks has been perhaps
the most difficult that I've experienced
since I've been in the White House. With
domestic and international problems and
challenges before us as Americans, a time
of testing is obvious to us all. What we do
in this Nation affects not only our own
lives but the lives of almost every human
being on Earth. How we react to challenge, how we address difficult problems,
how we resolve troubling questions,
whether or not we demonstrate unity
when we are tested, whether we depart
from our principles and our ideals or
whether we stand firm and rely on them
in a time of trial is watched very closely,
not only here in our great Nation but in
every nation on Earth.
I have enjoyed and deeply appreciated
my partnership with you. Two years ago,
I began to implement, along with you,
the Nation's first comprehensive urban
policy, and we've made tremendous progress under this partnership.
Together, we've increased Federal
grants-in-aid substantially to the State
and to local governments, both cities and
495
Mar. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
counties. But equally important, we have
made possible new incentives for renewal
of spirit and a marshaling, through
matching commitments and matching
funds, of the tremendous resources available to us from private parts of the free
enterprise system of our Nation-all this
done for the benefit of the people who live
in the communities which you serve and
also which I serve. Your constituencies
are mine. Your problems are mine. Your
opportunities are mine. And the fact that
a President of our great country has the
kind of relationship with the city and local
officials of the same Nation is indeed reassuring, not only to us in this room but
to those who look to us for the benefits of
that leadership in the future.
I'm proud of what we've done, and at
a different time I would like to discuss in
detail with you the accomplishments of
our partnership. But today is an extraordinary time in America. All of our progress, all of the efforts which you and I've
made together, all of our renewed hopes
are imperiled because of domestic and
worldwide inflation, which has escalated
dramatically in the last few weeks.
Oil prices have increased 109 percent
in the last 12 months, worldwide. Last
month in our Nation alone, energy prices
went up 7V/2 percent in 1 month-a 90 -percent inflation rate in energy. Interest
rates have had to climb to stay above the
rate of inflation to make borrowing possible at all. And these two factors have
ignited a firestorm this year that could
permanently change the world economy
and could permanently change our way of
life. Inflation has indeed burst through its
previous limits and threatens to rage out
of control.
In the last 2 reporting months, for instance, the annualized wholesale inflation
rates in Great Britain, in Italy, even in
Japan have all exceeded 25 percent. In
some other nations it's much higher. In
some major nations the inflation rate has
been more than 100 percent. Here in our
own country, the producer price indexformerly called the wholesale price
index-has increased recently at an annualized rate of almost 20 percent. We
must act, we must act together, to turn
this tide.
Nobody knows this better than city officials, because you are caught between
skyrocketing prices and relatively frozen
local revenues that fall increasingly behind what you need. Each new round of
cost increases drives down the purchasing
power of the State and Federal funds
which you receive. Wage demands, cutback in services, tax protests, business uncertainty, and budget deficits are growing
more intense. There has been a virtual
collapse of the bond market, which has
shut off the long-term credit to cities.
Once more, needed capital improvements
must wait while buildings and facilities
begin to deteriorate.
Wherever we look, we see inflation
clouding our future. And the fact that
America is better off than most other nations is not any particular reassurance to
us. Decent health care, home-ownership,
business prosperity, a better life for those
we serve, for working families, help for
the elderly and the poor, justice for those
who've suffered from deprivation and discrimination-these and other dreams can
and will slip away if inflation continues.
Even more importantly, inflation is a
threat to our national security. Unless
controlled, it will sap our strength, our
world leadership, our national unity, and
with it, eventually American ideals.
That is why, after a torturous and very
difficult and extended consultative period,
I announced an intensified anti-inflation
effort this past week.
First, I announced that the 1981 budget
496
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1 7
will be a balanced budget. Congressional
leaders, who met on their own-invited
my key advisers in and met frequently
with me; sometimes they met 10 hours a
day, 6, 8, 10 days without stopping-have
pledged themselves to support this commitment of a balanced budget, Democrats
and Republicans alike, an unprecedented
occurrence in the constitutional history of
our Nation. This will be our first balanced
budget in 12 years, and since the budget
was last balanced, we have added about
one half trillion dollars to our Federal
debt. This is the second balanced budget
in 20 years, since 1961.
I also intend to cut immediately this
year's allocation of funds and expenditures, and I will veto any bill which
threatens this balanced budget for next
year. I will use my full Presidential
powers to maintain budget discipline and
fiscal responsibility on the Federal
Government.
Second, under the Credit Control Act
of 1969, I've empowered the Federal Reserve Board to take action to curb the
inflationary expansion of private credit.
Americans recently have only been saving
3 percent of their earnings, almost the
lowest percentage of saving in the history
of our country. Only one quarter, I understand, during the Korean war, did it get
this low. Savings rates in other countries
like Japan and Germany run 20, 25 percent; in our country only 3 percent.
As a result of these challenges and the
result of the action I've authorized, the
Federal Reserve will restrain consumer
revolving credit and other unsecured consumer loans, and impose new restrictions
on money market funds and certain financial or commercial banks. Also, the
Federal Reserve is undertaking a voluntary program with banks to restrain nonproductive loans.
This next statement is important. These
restraints will not restrict home mortgages, automobile loans, or credit for
small businesses or for farmers. In fact,
this kind of restraint on nonproductive
lending will encourage the flow of credit
for the kinds of productive needs which
are important to our country.
Third, I'm strengthening our voluntary
program of wage and price standards that
have involved business and labor and the
public sector in the recommendations
made to me in the so-called national accord. I consider it extremely important
that as we go into these difficult days
ahead that a common approach hammered out over a long period of time by
public representatives, business representatives, and labor representatives, will be
the guiding restraints for us in pay or
wage settlements in the future.
Last year, these same kinds of voluntary restraints helped keep wage increases
well below the price of consumer goods.
In fact, overall wage increases in 1979
were lower than they were the previous
year in 1978. Strengthening this accord
or this partnership can sustain the same
kind of moderation through 1980 without
the distortions and inequities that always
result from mandatory wage and price
controls.
Fourth, I've imposed a conservation fee
on imported oil that will raise gasoline
prices 10 cents a gallon. I will propose to
Congress a direct gasoline tax to replace
this emergency measure.
This fee targets only gasoline. It will
not increase at all the profits of the oil
companies. Gasoline accounts for some
40 percent of all the oil that we use. This
fee, by itself, will result in a reduction in
gasoline consumption and, therefore, oil
imports of 100,000 barrels per day the
first year, and after about 3 years will re
497
es ----
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Mar. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
duce our gasoline consumption and our
oil imports by 250,000 barrels a day. This
means that for 1980 we expect our gasoline consumption on U.S. highways to
decrease 400,000 barrels per day.
And finally, I'm calling for structural
changes in our economy to encourage savings and productivity and innovation. I've
called on Congress to pass quickly the regulatory reform act, trucking deregulation,
and the phasing out of ceilings on savings
account interest to encourage small investors to save and to increase the inflationary pressures of consumer credit.
When I am absolutely certain that the
1981 budget will indeed be balancedand I am sure that this will be accomplished-I will then, and only then, consider tax reductions further to increase
savings, to stimulate productivity, and to
lead to increased business investment.
Now is a time for discipline for all of
us and not a time for promises or for politics as usual. In choosing these anti-inflationary measures, I examined a wide
range of options. Page after page after
page of ideas and options were carefully
assessed. I undertook extraordinary consultations with the Congress, and I sought
a proper balance that will not jeopardize
our important national goals or eliminate
programs that benefit those who are most
vulnerable to inflation.
But I would like to interlineate here to
say that the ones who are the most deprived, the ones whose incomes are lowest, the ones whose incomes are most
fixed, the ones who do not have the capacity or the flexibility to move from one
place to another or shop extensively for
the bargains, who cannot leave a job or
leave a community because of the afflictions on them-those are the ones who
suffer most from inflation.
In the end, there is no sugar-coated pill
that can be administered to an economi
cally suffering America. What I've advocated is strong medicine; it's bitter medicine. It will mean our first real belt-tightening since World War II, when we were
fighting together against fascism. We're
fighting today against an invisible enemy,
but it is a very dangerous enemy and we
are in for a long fight. Nothing short of
stern measures will stop inflation from destroying our economy and perhaps even
our way of life. There are no easy answers, there are no magic solutions, and
anyone who tells you differently is either
wrong or dishonest.
I will be consulting rapidly, day in and
day out, as quickly as I possibly can, with
all the leaders of the agencies of the Federal Government, with the key Members
of Congress, and with other American
leaders like you and your chosen officials.
The specific budget reductions which I
announce later on this month will affect
everyone in this room and all those whom
you serve. They go beyond simply eliminating waste. There will be cuts in good
programs, in worthwhile programs which
I've supported and which you and I have
developed and supported together.
There will be less Federal aid to cities,
but a sharper focusing of what there is in
those communities where the need is
greatest. Everyone must share in this
common effort. There will be less even for
defense programs which are not directly
related to combat readiness. There are
times when all of us, and particularly public officials, have to face painful budget
decisions. I ask for your support in imposing and maintaining this fiscal
discipline.
A balanced budget alone obviously
cannot stop inflation right now, but it
can help to stabilize financial markets,
and it can allow interest rates to moderate, and it can take the pressure off monetary policy. And it can demonstrate that
498
I Ir I I o pmo II
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 17
Washington and the United States is willing to lead.
The conservation fee on oil alone will
add to everyone's cost of driving-I know
that. But along with the energy program
which is now nearing passage in the Congress and which will be expedited, it can
help slash oil imports. This will not only
help our Nation directly but will also lessen demand for scarce oil supplies and
tend to stabilize the international petroleum markets.
The world simply cannot accommodate another year during which international oil prices more than double. It's
our responsibility as the world's greatest
consumer of oil to do all we can to reduce our wasteful consumption. I'm deeply grateful for what the American people
have done since I've been President.
The first year I was in office, we imported 8.8 million barrels of oil every
day. We have already cut that a million
barrels a day. And with this program,
we'll cut it even more. But we have got
to stop demanding so much oil from the
limited international reservoirs, which
drives up prices because of intense competition for scarce supplies. And the loss
of our national wealth to OPEC nations
has become a torrent that only significant
conservation here and increased energy
production can stop.
We can expect to pay this year $80 billion to foreign countries to buy their oilan average for every family in America
of more than $1,500. Just think how many
jobs and how much better quality of life
for our people could be paid for with
$1,500 per family, now going to foreign
countries to buy their oil. I have struggled with this problem for the last 3 years.
And I remember very well when I said
that the energy challenge was the moral
equivalent of war-the jokes that were
made about it and the scorn that was
heaped upon it. But, unfortunately, what
we projected then has more and more
rapidly come to pass, and we have got to
have a common American approach to
meet this challenge.
Our Nation is the economic leader of
the world, and we must not shirk our
responsibility. The world is watching us
today to see what kind of people we have
become. So far, it sees what is obvious
to us: We have not been living within
our means. We have been spending our
savings and spending our capital and going deeper and more dangerously in debt,
not just the Federal Government but the
American society and American families
as well.
The world is asking if we have become
too self-indulgent. It asks if we can accept
responsibility and share among ourselves
the necessary sacrifices. And we must ask
ourselves the same questions. We must
ask if we have the realism and the discipline to live within our means, to recognize that we cannot spend or tax or
decree or regulate or legislate our way
out of inflation, and to recognize also that
it is not going to be a quick task to resolve. It's going to take years to overcome
this problem permanently.
The early indications from the international markets today in Europe and also
in Japan are very encouraging. Gold
prices have dropped today. The dollar
has strengthened greatly today. Our clear
message has been received by our trading
partners and friends throughout the
world. The domestic markets are cautious, relatively stable, and I am pleased
with what has occurred so far.
I've brought to you, as responsible
American leaders, a stern message. I've
not tried to recruit your political approbation, I've not tried to assuage your deep
concerns; I've tried to tell you the truth.
And I cannot promise you instant or pain
499
Mar. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
less results. The inflation rate may very
well go up some more before it starts
down. I believe that later on this year it
will drop substantially. All the economic
advisers agree to this, if you and I together can carry out this program of fiscal
responsibility and devote the time-and the
patience which will be required to reduce
inflation and then to control it.
But this message of discipline and the
restraint can give hope that we are capable of solving this most serious problem.
It can give us hope, in doing this, that
we can save something priceless in America-our deep commitment to help each
other when we are in trouble. Uncontrolled inflation could shatter that commitment. It could engender among us
cynicism, despair, and selfishness. It could
rob us of the idealism that makes us a
great and compassionate people.
Beginning now, let us resolve to fight
inflation together, to make those necessary sacrifices that will permit us to lead
our people at every level of government.
I believe, as the President of the greatest
Nation on Earth, that we can do it. It's
within us to turn back inflation, to lay
the foundation of a bright, and even
brighter, future. The permanent benefits
to our individual constituents and to our
Nation will far outweigh the temporary
inconvenience and the transient disappointments. The permanent benefitsthat's what we must work to achieve.
Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote,
"The lesson of life is to believe what the
years and the centuries say, against the
hours." The hours tell us the transient
message that our future is somewhat
troubled, but the years tell us and the
centuries tell us that America is strong
and that each challenge that we face together makes us even stronger.
Let us exercise the realism and discipline of a free people and make that mes
sage ring true. Through challenge met
with courage in freedom, our Nation will
be stronger.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:45 p.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington
Hilton Hotel. He was introduced by Vice
Mayor Jessie Rattley, of Newport News, Va.,
president of the National League of Cities.
St. Patrick's Day
Remarks at a White House Celebration.
March 17, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. We are honored tonight
to have all of you, of course, but particularly to have the Foreign Minister of Ireland. Would you come on up?
MR. LENIHAN. Yes.
THE PRESIDENT. Great. Thank you
very much.
MR. LENIHAN. I am very pleased, Mr.
President, to present you with a vase of
Irish shamrock. It comes straight from
the old sod, and it is presented to the
President of the United States of America
by the Irish Government for whom I have
the honor to act in this respect. And a
shamrock presentation on St. Patrick's
Day is designed to bring great good luck
to the recipient.
And to Mrs. Carter, whom I admired
today in the St. Patrick's Day parade in
New York-I said to myself, "Well, if
the President is a good politician, there is
a better one." [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Since the shamrock
from Ireland brings good luck to everyone, Millie, why don't you take some of it
and pass back and let everybody have a
piece. This is genuine-and, Rosalynn,
you keep your eye on the vase. [Laughter]
I've learned a little about the Irish since
I've been-[laughter]
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Overleaf: With members of the United
States 1980 Winter Olympic team on
the South Portico of the White
House, February 25. Left: At a
meeting with Hispanic ministers in
the Oval Office, February 13. Below:
Talking with United Nations
Secretary-General Waldheim and
Secretary of State Vance in the Oval
Office, January 6. Above right: Signing
the message designating February as
Afro-American (Black) History
Month in the Cabinet Room, January
15. Below right: In the Oval Office
with actress Sophia Loren and House
Speaker O'Neill, representatives of
the National Alliance for the
Prevention and Treatment of Child
Abuse and Maltreatment, January 28.
I.I —
Left. Discussing the situation in Iran
with reporters in the Oval Office,
April 1. Below: Welcoming Prime
Minister Begin to the White House,
April 15. Right: Meeting with
President Sadat in the Rose Garden,
April 8.
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Above: At the swearing-in ceremony
for Secretary of State Muskie in the
East Room, May 8. Left: With Rocco
Arizzi, 1980 National Poster Child for
the Muscular Dystrophy Association,
in the Oval Office, March 11. Right:
At the memorial service for American
servicemen killed during the hostage
rescue attempt in Iran, at Arlington
National Cemetery, May 9.
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Left: With daughter Amy during a St.
Patrick's Day celebration at the
White House, March 17. Below:
Meeting with former President Ford
in the Oval Office, March 13.
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1 7
Well, it is an honor for us to have you
here on this delightful celebration of St.
Patrick's Day. We had the opportunity to
shake hands with all of you and to let you
feel welcome here at the White House.
The shamrock, as you know, not only
has a sense of symbolism to bind all people
together on St. Patrick's Day but it also
has a deep spiritual significance, not only
to those who still live in Ireland but to
those whose ancestors lived there and have
gone to different places on Earth, particularly to the United States, to build our
country into an even greater place. We
are grateful, too, that we had a chance to
build a special, large shamrock in frontmaybe one of the largest ones that's ever
been in the White House, at least the last
3 years.
And when I've been in the St. Patrick's
Day parades in different places around the
Nation, but particularly in Savannah,
Georgia, I've always noticed a spirit of
brotherhood and affection and excitement and joy and a kind of sense that
there's a special pleasure in life that
ought to be nurtured and brought out to
the surface at least once a year, and kept
there the whole year if possible. And if
anybody knows how to do it, it's the Irish.
And I'm glad St. Patrick's Day comes
along to remind all of us Irishmen that we
can do it and maintain it.
We have a special honoree tonight. The
sons of the O'Neill clan were kings in
Ulster in ancient days. We have one of
their sons here with us tonight as the man
that we are honoring. He's a common
man. He represents a lot of common
Americans who look to him for leadership and also see within him not only a
sense of leadership but humility. He's an
uncommon leader. He's the Speaker of
the House of Representatives of the
United States of America, Tip O'Neill.
Tip, we're glad to have you.
To those of you who are here from
foreign nations, you may not know that
the Speaker of the House of Representatives enjoys a very special place under
the United States Constitution. He not
only presides over 435 Congress Members from all over our Nation but is the
third in line of succession to the Presidency itself. It's a distinguished position.
It's one that is being formed into kind of
a custom in our Nation, a tradition of
letting Massachusetts Irish politicians
hand it down from one to another.
[Laughter] John McCormack handed it
down to Tip O'Neill, with one brief interlude, and this is the kind of custom that
appeals to all Irish leaders, no matter
where they might live.
We have a sense, though, that it needs
two things: One is longevity which Tip
certainly has-and the other one is the
ability to survive in a tough political environment and to build up political seniority. It's a kind of commitment that
should be nurtured by all Americans. And
I'm particularly hopeful that all the Irish
politicians of Boston will be able to keep
their present position for a long time in
the future. [Laughter]
There's another special person here tonight-one that I admire and one that I
love. Tip has loved her longer. They've
been married now for about 40 years, and
I'd like to introduce Millie. I understand
that this is the first time in the 40 years
that Millie has ever seen Tip sober on St.
Patrick's Day. [Laughter] As a matter of
fact, this is the first time in 40 years that
Tip O'Neill and Millie have ever been
together on St. Patrick's Day evening.
Right, Tip? Right, Millie? [Laughter] At
least before the wee hours of the morning.
[Laughter] And we're particularly grateful that we were the ones to break up that
tradition of being apart on St. Patrick's
Day evening. He's been remarkably well
501
Mar. 1 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
behaved tonight so far, and I'm indeed
grateful that Millie's here to help me
chaperone this evening.
We have also a special program now,
one that could not do other than appeal to
all people who have Irish blood or Irish
ideas on St. Patrick's Day evening. The
Irish American contribution to America
is broad and exciting and delightful and
appreciated by all those who live in our
great land. I won't go into the great contribution of architecture and sports and
politics tonight, but in culture and music
we particularly want to recognize the
Irish American contribution tonight.
How many of you know the famous
Irish motion picture director-perhaps
the greatest who ever lived-Sean Aloysius O'Feeney? You know? How many of
you know him-would you raise your
hands? Anybody? Two hands. [Laughter]
Three hands. He's known by most of us
as John Ford. And he made, as you know,
some of the great movies of all time and
really learned how to make the western
movie into a genuine work of art.
One of his famous and favorite actors
was named Marion Morrison. How many
of you know who Marion Morrison is? A
little bit better. John Wayne, right. Not
all the Irish who came over here went
under a pseudonym, and we're glad that
I can mention a few more right now. I
think John Wayne is probably the favorite actor of our time. He's a man who is
beloved. Recently the Congress authorized the striking of a special medal to
commemorate what John Wayne has
meant, not only to our Nation but to the
world. And we'll be giving that award
here-I, as President, on behalf of the
Congress-when the medal has been
completed.
Eugene O'Neill, perhaps the greatest
American playwright. F. Scott Fitzgerald,
an author who brought into the realiza
tion of Americans' minds what the jazz
age meant, but made it a perpetual contribution to American literature. Edwin
O'Connor, one of Tip's and my favorite
authors, who wrote "The Last Hurrah."
Tip recommended it to me several years
ago. I studied it. [Laughter] It seemed to
work for me everywhere except in Boston.
[Laughter] And perhaps one of Georgia's
greatest authors and contributors to the
American literary scene, Flannerv O'Connor.
Daniel Decatur Emmett-how many of
you know who Daniel Decatur Emmett is?
He wrote a very wonderful song forJames Dickey knows who it is. Let me
ask James Dickey to stand up-one of the
greatest poets alive today, and the only
person in the audience who knew that
Daniel Decatur Emmett wrote "Dixie."
Thank you, Jim.
And George M. Cohan, another Irish
American, who wrote "Yankee Doodle
Dandy." And another tough movie performer, who brought George M. Cohan to
the screen. Anybody? Jimmy Cagney,
right. Well, I could go on and on, but I
won't because I want to save time for a
wonderful program tonight.
The Irish not only contributed words
and music but also wit. One of the great
leaders who preceded me here in this
White House, John F. Kennedy, was
asked one time, "What is your favorite
song?" He said, "Well, I think 'Hail to
the Chief' has a certain lilt to it."
[Laughter] That's not the only thing he
and I have in common, by the way.
[Laughter]
Well, it would be hard to describe what
made the Irish great. I think perhaps love
of the land is a tradition that was brought
here from Ireland and has permeated the
consciousness of America. A deep religious
faith is unshaken and a characteristic of
the Irish; a love of a stable family and a
502
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 18
realization that our society is built on that
close family relationship; a love of life.
These are the kinds of ideals and traditions which we have seen transplanted to
our soil. And they have been nurtured
and they have thrived.
And I am very grateful tonight to bring
to a close my own introduction of the program and my expression of thanks to the
Irish by giving a well-known toast, which
Tip can recite verbatim: "May the road
rise up to meet you, Tip. May the wind
be always at your back. May the sun
shine warm upon your face, and the rains
fall soft upon your fields. And until we
meet again, may God hold you in the palm
of his hand, and may you be in heaven a
half-hour before the Devil knows you're
dead." God bless you.
NOTE: The President spoke at approximately
8:15 p.m. in the East Room at the White
House.
Refugee Act of 1980
Statement on Signing S. 643 Into Law.
March 18, 1980
It gives me great pleasure to sign into
law S. 643, the Refugee Act of 1980,
which revises provisions for refugee admissions and assistance. This legislation is an
important contribution to our efforts to
strengthen U.S. refugee policies and
programs.
The Refugee Act reflects our long tradition as a haven for people uprooted by
persecution and political turmoil. In recent years, the number of refugees has increased greatly. Their suffering touches
all and challenges us to help them, often
under difficult circumstances.
The Refugee Act improves procedures
and coordination to respond to the often
massive and rapidly changing refugee
problems that have developed recently.
It establishes a new admissions policy
that will permit fair and equitable treatment of refugees in the United States, regardless of their country of origin. It allows us to change annual admissions levels
in response to conditions overseas, policy
considerations, and resources available for
resettlement. The new procedures will
also ensure thorough consideration of admissions questions by both the Congress
and the administration.
Moreover, the Refugee Act will help
refugees in this country become self-sufficient and contributing members of society.
Until now, resettlement has been done primarily by private persons and organizations. They have done an admirable job,
but the large numbers of refugees arriving
now create new strains and problems.
Clearly, the Federal Government must
play an expanded role in refugee
programs.
The Refugee Act is the result of close
cooperation between the administration
and the Congress, with important support
from those who work directly with refugees in State and local governments and
private groups. Everyone who worked so
long on its passage can be proud of this
contribution to improved international
and domestic refugee programs and to our
humanitarian traditions.
NOTE: As enacted, S. 643 is Public Law 96-212,
approved March 17.
Agricultural Adjustment Act of
1980
Statement on Signing H.R. 3398 Into Law.
March 18, 1980
Today I am signing into law the "Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980," a meas
503
Mar. 18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ure that will help maintain the economic
viability of our farm economy without
contributing to food price inflation.
The immediate risk of farm price disasters falls upon farmers. But the longer
term risk of the collapse of farm prices
falls on consumers, through production
interruptions and price increases for meat,
milk, and fiber. This bill increases our protections against such interruptions.
This bill extends the disaster payment
program, which covers a portion of the
losses associated with crop failure, and
imposes a new limitation on the amount of
such payments.
The bill also amends, in two significant ways, the landmark Food and Agriculture Act of 1977. First, it adjusts the
level of income protection made available
to those farmers who participate in the
commodity programs authorized by the
1977 act. This adjustment has been made
necessary by the very rapid increase in the
cost of producing wheat and feed grains.
While the level of protection made possible by this authority is still below the total cost of production, it does provide protection for farmers in the event of
depressed market prices. And it does this
without government action that would
raise prices or fuel inflation.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3398 is Public Law
96-213, approved March 18.
Nuclear Safety Oversight
Committee
Executive Order 12202. March 18, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, and in
order to establish, in accordance with the
provisions of the Federal Advisory Com
mittee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.
I), a committee to advise on the progress
of Federal and State authorities and the
nuclear power industry in improving the
safety of nuclear power and in implementing the approved recommendations of the
President's Commission on the Accident
at Three Mile Island, it is hereby ordered
as follows:
1-1. Establishment of the Committee.
1-101. There is established the Nuclear
Safety Oversight Committee.
1-102. The membership of the Committee shall be composed of five persons
appointed by the President from among
citizens who do not receive a salary from
the Federal government. The President
shall designate a Chairman from among
the members of the Committee.
1-2. Functions of the Committee.
1-201. The Committee shall periodically report to the President, the Secretary
of Energy, and the Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare the Committee's
advice on the progress being made in improving nuclear safety. The Committee's
report shall also advise on the progress being made in implementing those recommendations of the President's Commission
on the Accident at Three Mile Island
which were approved by the President
(December 7, 1979).
1-202. The Committee shall advise on
the extent of progress made by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in effecting
management, substantive, and procedural
reforms to improve safety. The Committee shall evaluate the recommendations
of the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission concerning the possible
modification of the responsibilities of the
Advisory Committee for Reactor Safety.
1-203. The Committee shall advise as
to whether or not the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission and the nuclear power in
504
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 18
dustry are fulfilling their responsibilities in
upgrading the capabilities and training of
utility operating and management personnel.
1-204. The Committee shall evaluate
the progress being made in making or encouraging technical modifications to
power reactors to improve safety, including improved control room design, and
evaluate the Federal program in safety
research.
1-205. The Committee shall advise on
the success of developing a coordinated
program to improve worker and public
health safety.
1-206. The Committee shall advise on
the progress of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency in its review of State
and local off-site emergency planning and
preparedness, and evaluate the progress
of State and local governments in establishing emergency response plans.
1-207. The Committee shall evaluate
the progress being made in improving
public information on nuclear safety and
shall evaluate the progress of the Federal
Emergency Management Agency in coordinating any Federal response to potential nuclear emergencies.
1-208. To the extent the Committee
deems it necessary to carry out its other
functions, the Committee shall monitor
the activities of Federal and State agencies
and the nuclear power industry.
1-209. The Committee shall enter into
agreements with the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, the Department
of Energy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and other Federal agencies, as well as State agencies and the nuclear power industry on procedures for
obtaining the information necessary to
monitor their activities and to carry out
the Committee's advisory functions.
1-210. The Committee shall include in
its reports the Committee's advice as to
the adequacy of the information it has received from Federal and State agencies
and from the nuclear power industry;
and, its assessment of the cooperation it
has received from them.
1-211. The Committee shall prepare
and transmit to the President, as soon as
possible, a report on the progress of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and of
the nuclear utilities in upgrading the selection criteria and the training of utility
operating personnel. The Committee shall
report to the President its other findings,
evaluations, and recommendations from
time to time as it deems appropriate, but
in any event, at least once a year.
1-3. Administrative Provisions.
1-301. The Chairman of the Committee is authorized to appoint and fix the
compensation of a staff of such persons as
may be necessary to discharge the Committee's responsibilities, subject to the applicable provisions of law, including the
Federal Advisory Committee Act, as
amended, and Title 5 of the United States
Code.
1-302. To the extent authorized by law
and requested by the Chairman of the
Committee, the General Services Administration shall provide the Committee
with necessary administrative services,
facilities, and support on a reimbursable
basis.
1-303. The Department of Energy and
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare shall, to the extent permitted
by law and subject to the availability of
funds, provide the Committee with such
facilities, support, funds and services, as
may be necessary for the effective performance of the Committee's functions.
1-304. The Committee may request any
Executive agency to furnish such information, advice or assistance it deems nec
505
Mar. 18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
essary to carry out its functions. Each
agency shall, to the extent permitted by
law and subject to the availability of
funds, furnish the information, advice or
assistance requested by the Chairman of
the Committee.
1-305. Each member of the Committee
may receive compensation at the maximum rate now or hereafter prescribed by
law for each day such member is engaged
in the work of the Committee (5 U.S.C.
3109 and rules pursuant to the Federal
Advisory Committee Act, as amended).
Each member may also receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence (5 U.S.C. 5702 and 5703).
1-4. General Provisions.
1-401. The functions of the President
under the Federal Advisory Committee
Act, as amended, which are applicable to
the Committee, except that of reporting
annually to the Congress, shall be performed by the Administrator of General
Services.
1-402. The Committee shall terminate
on September 30, 1980.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 18, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:10 a.m., March 19, 1980]
John M. Slack
Statement on the Death of the U.S.
Representative From West Virginia.
March 18, 1980
Rosalynn and I were saddened to learn
today of the death of Congressman John
Slack.
Throughout West Virginia he will long
be remembered as a Congressman who
helped the people of his Third District
to solve their problems and represented
them well in Washington.
Those who knew him in his long career in the U.S. House of Representatives
will best remember his dedication, integrity, and sense of honor.
We wish to extend our deepest sympathies to his wife, Frances, his son, John,
his grandchildren, and his brother, William.
National Defense Transportation
Day and National Transportation
Week, 1980
Proclamation 4737. March 18, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Throughout the history of the United
States, our progress as a Nation has
been closely tied to our progress in
transportation.
As the Nation grew, so did its need for
mobility. In the last century, this need was
well served by expanding networks of
railroads and canals. Today, the need is
served by a broader range of systems, including motor vehicles and aircraft.
The generations of men and women
who pioneered these systems stand high
in the ranks of those who made America
great.
But new demands are constantly being
made on our capacity to move people and
the goods they produce. Today's systems
must change if they are to handle the
demographic changes and the energy
problems of tomorrow.
Once again we look to the people in our
transportation industry to innovate-and
to provide rapid, dependable, safe and
efficient transportation to meet the needs
of the future.
506
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 1 9
Acknowledging the importance of the
U.S. transportation system, the Congress
by joint resolution of May 16, 1957 (71
Stat. 30, 36 U.S.C. 160), requested the
President to proclaim the third Friday in
May of each year as National Defense
Transportation Day, and, by joint resolution of May 14, 1962 (76 Stat. 69, 36
U.S.C. 166), requested the President to
proclaim the week on which that Friday
falls as National Transportation Week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate Friday, May 16, 1980,
as National Defense Transportation Day,
and the week beginning May 11, 1980, as
National Transportation Week.
I urge all Governors, appropriate Federal officials, transportation organizations,
and the people of the United States to join
with the U.S. Department of Transportation in observing this day and week in
honor of the vital role that the commercial
transportation industry plays in our daily
lives, in national defense, and in the future
of an energy-secure America.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eighteenth day of
March in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:09 a.m., March 19, 1980]
Federal Advisory Committees
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. March 19, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the provisions of
Section 6(c) of the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (Public Law 92-463), I
am transmitting the eighth annual report
on the status of Federal advisory
committees.
This report reflects a continuation of
the efforts to achieve the objectives I set
in 1977: to assure that unnecessary committees are terminated, and new committees are established only when they are
essential to meet the responsibilities of the
government. At the end of 1979:
-The total number of committees was
820;
-Although the number of committees
required by statute increased (from
312 to 338), the number established
under agency authority decreased
(from 246 to 222); and
-Since the beginning of 1977 the total
number of committees has been reduced by 339 (from 1,159).
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 19, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Federal Advisory
Committees, Eighth Annual Report of the
President Covering the Calendar Year 1979 -March 1980" (Government Printing Office,
144 pages).
United Nations
Nomination of Joan Edelman Spero To Be
U.S. Representative on the Economic and
Social Council. March 19,1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Joan Edelman Spero, of
New York City, to be the U.S. Representative on the Economic and Social
Council of the United Nations, with the
rank of Ambassador. She would replace
Melissa F. Wells, resigned.
Spero has been an assistant professor of
political science at Columbia University
since 1973.
She was born October 2, 1944, in
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Mar. 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Davenport, Iowa. She received a B.A.
from the University of Wisconsin in 1966
and an M.A. (1968) and Ph. D. (1973)
from Columbia University.
Spero is the author of two books and
numerous articles on international economics. She is a member of the Council
on Foreign Relations and the Foreign
Policy Association.
National Advisory Council on
Women's Educational Programs
Nomination of Maria C. Bechily To Be a
Member. March 19, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Maria C. Bechily, of
Chicago, Ill., to be a member of the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs.
Bechily, 31, is president of Ms. Executive Search, an executive search organization specializing in placing women
and Hispanic executives. She was previously a counselor and placement specialist for the on-the-job training program
of the Chicago Alliance of Business and
Manpower Services.
National Council on Educational
Research
Nomination of Robert E. Nederlander To Be
a Member. March 19, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Robert E. Nederlander,
of Birmingham, Mich., to be a member of
the National Council on Educational Research. He would replace Betsy Levin,
resigned.
Nederlander is president of the Detroit
law firm of Nederlander, Dodge & Mc
Cauley, P.C., and executive vice president
and director of Nederlander Theatrical
Corp., owner and/or operator of the
largest chain of legitimate theaters in the
country outside of New York.
He was born April 10, 1933, in Detroit.
He received a B.A. in economics in 1955
and a J.D. in 1958 from the University of
Michigan.
Nederlander has been a regent of the
University of Michigan since 1968. He is
active in civic, philanthropic, and political
affairs.
National Commission on Air
Quality
Appointment of John J. Sheehan as a Member.
March 19, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of John J. Sheehan, of
Washington, D.C., as a member of the
National Commission on Air Quality.
Sheehan is assistant to the president of
the United Steelworkers of America and
legislative director of the AFL-CIO. He
is an expert on occupational safety and
health as it affects labor. He serves on the
American Lung Association's Occupational Health Committee, the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety
and Health, and the board of the Society
for Occupational and Environmental
Health.
President's Commission on United
States-Liberian Relations
Appointment of 11 Members. March 19, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of 11 members of the Presi
508
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 20
dent's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations. They are:
THEODORE R. HAGANS, JR., a Washington,
D.C., businessman, developer of the New
Fort Lincoln residential community, and
president of the National Business League.
ROBERT J. LOWEN, president of the Masters,
Mates, and Pilots Division of the International Longshoremen's Association. He is a
graduate of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy and has been master of U.S. flagship
merchant vessels for 15 years. He has worked
with Liberian officials to establish training
procedures for merchant marine officers.
JAMES H. McGEE, mayor of Dayton, Ohio.
Dayton is the sister city of Monrovia,
Liberia.
LEANN J. McGRANAHAN, a student in the
doctoral program in agricultural economics
at Iowa State University and a former Peace
Corps volunteer in Liberia.
EUNICE LOCKHART Moss, president of a management consulting firm for small businesses
in Milwaukee, Wis., and a former participant
in such programs as the Overseas Development Council Transnational Dialogue
Project.
FRANK E. PINDER, a former official of the U.S.
Agency for International Development with
extensive experience in economic development in Liberia.
THOMAS QUEEN, executive director of California Regional of Oakland, Calif., an investment banking firm.
PREZELL R. ROBINSON, president of St. Augustine's College, Raleigh, N.C. He is a former
scholar in residence at Nairobi University.
RANDALL M. ROBINSON, executive director of
TransAfrica, a Washington-based lobby for
Africa and the Caribbean.
CARLETON M. STEWART, chairman of the
board and chief executive officer of American Security Corporation and American
Security Bank. He served for 4 years as
senior vice president of Citibank for South
Asia, Middle East, and Africa.
JAMES M. WALL, editor of Christian Century
magazine.
The President of the Senate has designated Senator S. I. Hayakawa of California as a member of the Commission.
On February 22, when the establishment of this Commission was announced,
it was announced that Congressman Wil
liam H. Gray III will serve as Chair and
that Andrew F. Brimmer, an international
economist, will serve as Vice Chair.
National Energy Education Day
Remarks on Signing Proclamation 4738.
March 20, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. This event today will
have, I think, a far-reaching and beneficial effect on our Nation. And I'd like to
read the proclamation before I sign it. It
is entitled "National Energy Education
Day: By the President of the United
States, A Proclamation."
[At this point, the President read the proclamation and then resumed speaking as follows.]
I will now sign the proclamation and
reserve the right to say just a few more
words. [Laughter]
There are only two ways that we can
reduce the imports of oil from foreign
countries. One is to increase production
of American energy of all kinds-and we
have been blessed with tremendous reserves compared to other nations-and
the other is to conserve the energy supplies that we have from all sources. We
have made some progress. It has not yet
been adequate, but it's been steady. We've
more than reduced imports by a million
barrels a day-and we expect to make
even greater progress this year-since I've
been in office, in 1977.
One of the major opportunities that
has not yet been explored is to educate our
young people-who can be just as effective, perhaps even more so, than many
adults-in the facts about energy, what
the opportunities are for conservation, and
how they themselves can help. In homes,
on the job, in transportation-there is a
tremendous opportunity not only for
young people to learn but also to educate
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Mar. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
their parents about the facts concerning
how we can solve our energy problem
through conservation.
A recent analysis has shown that there
is an abysmal lack of information within
the public school system among the students about basic facts concerning energy.
And this designation of a national day for
energy education is a very worthwhile
commitment because of the facts that I've
just described.
I particularly want to express my thanks
to those who are assembled around me
who have supported this initiative from
its very beginnings, and also for the Members of Congress who have passed the resolution leading up to this Presidential
proclamation.
I'm counting on all of you to do a good
job. We will certainly help. Charlie Duncan, the Secretary of Energy, who is standing behind me, has a direct responsibility,
working with me, to have an increasingly
effective national education policy for our
Nation on energy. And this program for
energy education-particularly in our
private and public schools at all grade
levels-will be a great addition to the opportunity which our Nation must realize.
Thank you, again, very much.
SECRETARY DUNCAN. The education of
youth on energy issues is just of fundamental overriding importance. And we at
the Department of Energy are trying to
give some tangible expression to this need
by working with some 9,000 teachers in
our system, elementary school and high
school. We are distributing more than 1 /2
[million] 1 pieces of literature. And this
is a major, high priority effort, because
nothing is more important than to get
energy issues well understood by young
people. This is a very important initiative,
Mr. President.
1 White House correction.
THE PRESIDENT. I want to thank all
of you for helping to bring us to this point,
and now we'll help you make it all a success. Thanks, again.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:56 a.m. at
the ceremony in the Cabinet Room at the
White House.
National Energy Education Day
Proclamation 4738. March 20, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
During the past decade it has become
clear that our Nation faces an increasing
shortage of its traditional energy sources.
This energy shortage and our growing dependence on foreign energy supplies
present a serious threat to the national
security of the United States and to the
health, safety and welfare of its citizens.
In an effort to reduce our dependence on
foreign energy, we have embarked on a
number of programs aimed at the development of new energy technologies. We
have also initiated a comprehensive program to educate the Nation, particularly
the Nation's youth, about the consequences of the changing world energy
supply.
In order to focus our attention on this
ongoing program of energy education for
the young-in both public and private
schools and at all grade levels-and in
an effort to bring together teachers, school
officials and parent groups to help our
children understand the current international energy situation, Congress has by
Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 43) proclaimed March 21, 1980, as National
Energy Education Day.
510
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 20
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby call upon all citizens and
government officials to observe Friday,
March 21, 1980, as National Energy
Education Day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. I direct all agencies
of the Federal Government to cooperate
with and participate in the celebration of
National Energy Education Day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:52 p.m., March 20, 1980]
White House Briefing on Inflation
and Energy
Remarks to Community Leaders.
March 20, 1980
Before I start talking about energy and
inflation questions, which I know you've
had described to you very well, I would
like to say just a word about the Mideast
peace effort.
Almost exactly a year ago, on the north
side of the White House, we had one of
the most exciting experiences of my life,
when Begin and Sadat and I signed the
Mideast peace treaty. At that time we
made plans for the carrying out of the
negotiations to establish full autonomy in
the West Bank, to provide for Israel's
security behind recognized borders, to let
the Palestinian issue be resolved in all its
aspects, and to let Egypt build on the
courageous initiative that Sadat took in
going to Jerusalem for a better life for
their people and to preserve peace in the
Middle East.
This is still a major commitment of our
country. It's a very complicated issue. It's
a very difficult negotiating process in
which I've been involved now for almost
2 years. It far transcends in importance
the political season, and I'm looking forward the first 2 weeks of April to see both
President Sadat and Prime Minister
Begin to discuss the progress we've made
so far, to have consultations with them
about the common ground on which they
can stand, to identify the remaining issues
on which they differ, and then to turn
over all this information to the negotiators, who I presume will be present at the
discussions here. We will not have a negotiating session with Begin, Sadat, and myself, but we will prepare for continued
progress by the negotiators.
This is intimately tied in with the Persian Gulf stability, with the threat to the
region in Southwest Asia by the invasion
of the Soviet Union, and with energy
supplies for our country and also with an
overdependence of our Nation on imports
of oil from foreign countries. There's no
way to separate these issues. A strong, a
stable, a peaceful, a friendly Israel is crucial to the Nation's security that I represent, and the same thing obviously applies
to Egypt.
To the extent that we can be successful
in realizing the goals established in the
Camp David accords, including the resolution of the Palestinian question, that
will go a long way toward assuring or reassuring the world about the supplies of
scarce energy in the future and the stability of the world's economic system.
I'd like to repeat a few things that I'm
sure you've already heard from the speakers who preceded me. I'm sure they've
made it plain that our Nation's national
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Mar. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
security is tied in intimately and inseparably with our economic future, and also
that energy and inflation cannot be separated one from another.
We will this year import from foreign
countries more than $80 billion worth of
oil, $80 billion of hard-earned American
money sent to foreign countries to buy oil
that I hope in the future we will not be
purchasing. Eighty billion dollars is a hard
number to envision. But for every family
in the United States this means that $1,500
will be paid to foreign governments for oil.
This not only drains our economy of
money that could be used to provide investments, jobs, a brighter hope for the
future and inflation, but also makes us
overly dependent on uncertain supplies
of energy when our Nation ought to be
much more self-reliant.
Again, this is an extremely complicated
issue. There are no easy answers, and the
inflationary pressures brought about by
uncontrollable foreign oil prices on which
we are dependent, along with our allies
and friends, is a basic cause of inflationary
pressures that are now sweeping the
world.
We're not as bad off as most of our
major trading allies, who in the past have
had much more emphasis on controlling
inflation, perhaps, than we have had to
do. But we see, in the last 12 months, energy prices more than doubling, increasing
109 percent, and in our own Nation in
the last month in the producer price index
we saw energy prices going up 7 /2 percent in 1 month. This is a 90-percent
inflation rate. So, you see in dramatic
terms, based on these statistics that I've
thrown at you, how closely interrelated
foreign policy, our Nation's security, energy supplies, and inflation all are.
Ours is the leading nation on Earth.
Economically, other countries look to us
to lay the groundwork for the future and
to solve these apparently insoluble problems so that they can mirror in their own
future actions what we do. We obviously
learn also from other countries. But the
burden of the responsibility is on us. We
are not only one of the greatest oil-producing countries, we are by far the greatest oil-consuming Nation.
There are only two ways that we can
cut down on oil imports, very simple. One
is to produce more energy of all kinds in
our country, and the other of course, is
to save energy, not to waste energy, to
have an increasing emphasis on conservation. In 1968 we were a net exporter of
energy. The first year I was in office, 1977,
we imported an average of 8.8 million
barrels of oil every day. I hope that by
the end of this year we will have cut that
rate by at least a million barrels of oil
per day. Now, we hope to halve that level
of imports by 1990.
We've made good progress, as you can
see, with the help of the American people,
but it's only really been the last 6 or 8
months, maybe 10 months, that there has
been a vivid realization on the part of the
average American, "I have got to save
energy and stop wasting it, not only for
the benefit of my country but also for the
benefit of my own family, which is heavily
burdened by economic problems which
are exacerbated when we waste energy
that's so dear and so costly."
I hope that you will help me with the
anti-inflation program that I presented to
the Nation in this same room last Friday.
We've had remarkable consultations with
the leaders of the Congress, unprecedented. One of the top leaders said we've
set constitutional history the last 2, 2'/2
weeks, because we have reached a consensus, not only on the fact that the 1981
budget must be and will be balanced but
almost entirely on the specifics that will
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 20
be included in the budget reductions that
are necessary.
There are some differences, but compared to the total effort, they are minor.
And even today and tomorrow I will be
working, hour in and hour out, to reach
an agreement not only with the leaders in
Congress but with the agency heads in my
own administration, who are now being
consulted very rapidly. We have about
25,000 line item entries in the United
States budget. So, when we make decisions about what can and cannot be cut,
we have to get an exact estimate of how
much can be saved. And then when we
get through with that, we have to balance
the budget, in effect, before it's presented
to the Congress, because my voice is the
final one representing the administration.
I would like to say that in addition to
balancing the budget, which is only one
element, we also are continuing a
strengthened price-control program and a
wage or salary or pay program, on a voluntary basis, that is strengthened by the
fact that we have not only the Government but also the top labor leaders represented, the top business and management leaders represented, and representatives from the public. So, we have a cooperative attitude, committed in writing,
as a matter of fact, among these various
elements who are decisionmakers, to make
sure we don't exceed the goals that we've
set for ourselves. And I'm committed to
do my best to make sure that wage increases will not exceed the 82-percent
average, which is a common commitment
of the groups that I've just described to
you.
On credit, under the law that was
passed in 1969, I've authorized the Federal Reserve to act, and they've acted on
their own initiative to try to restrain the
wildly escalating levels of revolving or
consumer credit that don't really apply
directly to the productivity of our country. And we're trying to orient those credit
restraints to enhance the opportunity for
others to borrow money in a highly competitive market. Those who are making
productive investments, buying homes,
buying automobiles, farmers, small business people-those are the ones that will
be benefited.
The last thing I'd like to say is that on
the long run we've got to increase productivity, the savings of American people that
go back into investments to give us an
enhanced or stronger economy, and of
course, research and development. But I
am not going to consider at all any overall tax reduction program until after we
are all assured that the 1981 budget will
be balanced.
Finally, let me say that we must tell
the truth. There cannot be any dissembling, any misleading statements, any
equivocation, any falsehood, any false
hopes raised in the minds of the American people. The credibility of this entire
process is crucial to its success. The process is going to be difficult and painful.
That is the truth. There are no easy or
simple answers, no magic formulae. That's
the truth. The people that we're going to
help most by controlling inflation are the
ones who need it most, the ones on very
low income or fixed incomes, the ones that
don't have the flexibility to change jobs or
to move to a new neighborhood. Those
are the ones that will be benefited most by
controlling inflation. That's the truth.
The fact that we must have cooperative
efforts between myself, the Congress, and
all of you leaders in our Nation, that is
also the truth. There must be an acceptance of the program, an acknowledgement of its complexity and difficulty and
a common realization that what we do the
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Mar. 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
next few months will indeed shape the
quality of life for our people.
I am absolutely convinced that our Nation is strong enough to succeed. I feel
good about the future. I think the latter
part of this year we will see the inflation
rate and interest rates going down substantially. I don't have any doubt that
we'll succeed in having a balanced
budget. We are making the adjustments
in the budget very carefully to protect
those who are most in need and most vulnerable and also to make some accommodation in the recommendations that I will
make to the Congress to protect the communities or cities that are most troubled
by economic difficulties. We will meet the
budget cuts. We will be at least as stringent in the total level of budget reductions
as has the Budget Committee in the
House, already having announced some of
its programs.
And the final thing is another truth.
We've got two choices: either to exercise
self-discipline on the Federal Government, State and local governments, business, industry, private families; or the
other choice is to continue to be suffering
from an ever-increasing and rampant inflation, which is the most cruel tax of all.
Our Nation is so strong and we are so
blessed that sometimes we forget those
two basic facts. We've got four times as
much energy in this country in reserve as
all the OPEC nations combined. And with
the innovation and the confidence, the
educational level, the capital reserves, the
freedom that enhances the contribution
of each person in our country, we have a
chance to change and to improve the
American way of living so that we can go
through this temporary inconvenience
and transient disappointment time and
come out not weaker, but stronger. That's
my responsibility as President. It's a responsibility of the leaders like Charlie
Duncan. who work with me in the Cabinet; it's the responsibility of the Congress,
as you well know; it's also a responsibility
of all of you.
I'm very grateful that you would come
here to have this briefing on what problems our Nation faces, but I also want you
to go away from here with the realization that when our country has been
united-and it certainly is now-we have
never faced a major question that we
could not answer. We have never faced a
major problem that we could not solve.
We have never faced a major obstacle
that we could not overcome in this greatest of all nations, which I'm determined,
along with you, to make even greater in
the future.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:22 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
National Medic Alert Week, 1980
Proclamation 4739. March 20, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Emergency medical care, like other elements of our Nation's health care system,
depends for its effectiveness on the support of the American people. By contributing to the lifesaving capabilities of
rescue personnel and other health professionals, we improve our prospects for
continued good health.
Today, approximately forty million
Americans are afflicted with diabetes,
heart conditions, epilepsy, allergies and
other medical conditions that are difficult
to detect or identify in an emergency. This
year, many of these people will become
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 21
involved in emergency situations and, because of delays in diagnosing and treating
their hidden medical problems, may suffer
additional injury or even die.
Such tragedies need not occur. For
more than two decades, special identification and information services-the oldest
and perhaps best known of which is Medic
Alert Foundation International-have
been helping health and rescue personnel
meet the unique emergency needs of people with hidden medical problems. When
the victims of medical emergencies are
unconscious or otherwise unable to communicate, their medic alert tags and the
information services with which they are
registered can spell the difference between
successful treatment and serious, even
fatal, complications. Last year, these tags
and services helped save the lives of an
estimated two thousand people with hidden medical conditions.
Millions of additional Americans can
protect themselves and help to improve
the effectiveness of emergency medical
care in this country by registering with a
medic alert service. To focus the Nation's
attention on the value of these services,
the Congress, by a joint resolution approved February 28, 1980, (H.J. Res.
434) requested that the President proclaim the week of April 6 through 12,
1980, National Medic Alert Week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week of April
6, 1980, as National Medic Alert Week.
I urge all citizens and interested organizations and associations to observe this week
with activities that will foster the use of
emergency identification and information
services in the United States.
I invite the Governors of the States and
appropriate local government officials to
support National Medic Alert Week activities, and I call upon the Nation's mass
communications media to spread the message that medic alert services save lives.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twentieth day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:52 a.m., March 21, 1980]
Communication Satellite
Corporation
Nomination of Joan F. Tobin To Be a Member
of the Board of Directors. March 20, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Joan F. Tobin, of
Washington, D.C., for reappointment as
a member of the Board of Directors of
the Communication Satellite Corporation
(COMSAT) for a 3-year term.
Tobin, 36, has been a member of this
board since 1978. She is president of Tobin
Enterprises, Inc., which holds major or
controlling, interests in growth companies,
analyzes potential mergers, acquisitions,
and partnerships, structures financial arrangements, and actively participates in
the management of the component companies. She is also vice president of Tobin
International, an export-import business.
Meeting With Small Business
Leaders
Remarks at the Meeting. March 21, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. To open the meeting I'll
call on Walt Stults to make a statement,
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Mar. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and I'll respond when you tell me to.
[Laughter]
WALTER STULTS. Thank you, Mr. President.
Small business supports your program
to control inflation. The men and women
in this room this morning are the leaders
of America's 10 million small business
firms. As chairman of the Coalition of
Small and Independent Business Associations, Mr. President, I have been asked to
tell you that even though several of the
actions proposed in your program will
force small business to tighten its belt, we
are willing to make those sacrifices for
the common good.
As you know, high interest rates and
tight money have driven many smaller
firms to the wall. Historically that's a
fact, and today the survival of many such
businesses is very much in doubt. For all
of these reasons we say that for the administration and for the Congress to do
nothing to meet today's emergency is the
worst possible solution to the devastation
of inflation.
Small business has always been at the
forefront of the struggle to obtain a
balanced Federal budget. For that reason
we applaud your adjustments, and we
shall work with the Congress to make certain that the budget remains in balance
through spending cuts alone, with no
more taxes.
Mr. President, we urge all other segments of the American population to bite
the bullet and to assume their fair share
of the sacrifice, which is inevitably involved in restoring stability to our economy. As you know, without that stability,
longer range efforts to remedy the situation cannot begin.
Mr. President, I'd like to call on Bill
Anderson.
WILLIAM ANDERSON.1 Mr. President,
we certainly appreciate the opportunity
that you gave small business leaders to
help participate in the formulation of your
anti-inflation program. We particularly
note the courage in rejecting the simplistic
panaceas such as mandatory price and
wage controls and the Federal pricing
controls over oil and gas. Experience has
shown these quick fixes do not work and
only worsen the underlying economic
problems.
Furthermore, small business has always come out on the short end of the
stick when the Government has attempted
to make all the big and little decisions in
our complex economic system. And personally, as a small manufacturer from the
State of Rhode Island, I read the Wall
Street Journal of March 17, commenting
on your proposals, and I felt just a little
on the side of not so good. Big business
and many people who are endorsing
radical changes don't realize that often
in a radical surgery the surgery's successful but the patient dies, and the patient in
most cases is small business.
So, we in the small business community applaud you in that we feel that
you're sounding more like Jimmy Carter,
the candidate of 1960 and the small businessman, than ever before. So, thank you,
Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
Well, as a small businessman, as a candidate, and as President I have espoused
the basic programs that have been so attractive to the small business leaders of
this country. Ten million business people
play an integral role not only in giving me
advice and support, which I need and
which our Nation needs, but also in guiding other segments of the economy to support our anti-inflation program. It's not
1 Cochairman of the coalition.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 2 1
been an easy one to put forward. To cut
billions and billions and billions of dollars
out of a budget that's already been proposed is a difficult task. But in addition
to consulting with all of you, even since
the announcement last Friday, we have
met with more than a thousand leaders
in 35 or 40 organizations to tell them
about the consequences of action which
will be constructive and the adverse consequences of a lack of action.
We are very closely working with the
congressional leadership, not only with
the top leadership that helped us evolve
the problem [program] 2 at first but also
with the House Budget Committee,
whose recommendations very closely parallel our own. They had a good vote yesterday, and I think it bodes well for the
seriousness with which the Congress will
address this issue.
I want to express my thanks to you
again for this action and also my admiration for your courage. I hope that you will
deal with all your peers, those who look
to you for leadership, with your customers, and with the big business community,
which in general is supportive of what we
are attempting to do. The breadth of the
recommendations is very constructive, not
just the balanced budget but also to control energy imports, to work on stringent
wage and price restraints on a voluntary
basis, to cut down on Government regulation, which is a very serious burden for
small businesses to carry, and also, by the
way, which is highly inflationary. And in
addition to that, the credit restraints are
being modified as much as possible to encourage productive investment loans for
small businesses, farmers, those who are
buying homes and automobiles, and away
from the speculative type loans which
2 White House correction.
compete with you and your needs in an
already tight credit market.
So, I think the whole program, with
your help and advice, has been compatible with your basic philosophy and your
longstanding advice to me, and I'm very
glad to have you as partners in a program
which I believe will be good for our country. Again, thank you. You have my admiration for what you've done.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:56 a.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House.
White House Briefing on the 1980
Summer Olympics
Remarks to Representatives of U.S. Teams.
March 21, 1980
First of all, it's a real honor for me to
be here with all you famous people. I have
a great admiration for you and a deep
feeling for you in this time of challenge
and disappointment.
This is a sad time for all those in our
country who are involved in amateur athletics. This past week, as you know, a
tragic airline accident occurred in Warsaw, Poland, and 22 members of the U.S.
amateur boxing team were killed. It's a
tragic occurrence, and our whole Nation
was reminded of the value of a human
life, and also was reminded of the sacrifice that goes into the training for championship sports.
This team went overseas to do its best.
They were full of spirit and full of determination to exhibit their own prowess
and achievement, and also to represent
their country. And they represented us
well. And I personally feel the loss, which
I know you all share.
When we are confronted with stark
tragedies such as these, we have to stop
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Mar. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
for a moment and put our own lives and
our own principles, our own emotions,
our own commitments, back into perspective; to reassess or to kind of inventory
what are the most important things in a
human life. This is one of those times.
And that's why I've asked you to come to
the White House-with some degree of
trepidation-to listen to Dr. Brzezinski,
to consult with Joe Onek,1 and to meet
with me as your President, to discuss a
very serious and a very vital matter, one
that does directly involve human life,
thousands of human lives already lost in
Afghanistan, and many more hundreds of
thousands of lives that could be lost, unless our Nation is strong enough and is
willing to sacrifice, if necessary, to preserve the peace of our country.
The highest commitment that I have
in my official capacity as President is to
preserve the security of the United States
of America and to keep the peace. Every
decision that I make, every action that I
take, has to be compatible with that commitment. Ours is a nuclear age. We have a
much more serious prospect now even
than existed back in 1936 when the Olympics were held in Berlin. It was serious
then. In retrospect it's obvious.
I met last week with the Minister President of Bavaria, in Western Germany,
who's running for Prime Minister this
year-or Chancellor. He said if only the
Olympics had not been held in Berlin in
1936 the course of history could have been
different. We face a similar prospect now.
I'm determined to keep our national
interest paramount, even if people that I
love and admire, like you, are required to
share in disappointment and in personal
sacrifice. I don't say that lightly, because
my admiration of you and my appreciation of you is very deep and very sincere.
1 Deputy Counsel to the President.
But it is absolutely imperative that we
and other nations who believe in freedom
and who believe in human rights and who
believe in peace let our voices be heard
in an absolutely clear way, and not add
the imprimatur of approval to the Soviet
Union and its government while they have
105,000 heavily armed invading forces in
the freedom-loving and innocent and
deeply religious country of Afghanistan.
Thousands of people's lives have already
been lost. Entire villages have been wiped
out deliberately by the Soviet invading
forces. And as you well know, the people
in the Soviet Union don't even know it.
They do not even realize that 104 nations
in the United Nations condemned the Soviet Union for their invasion and called
for their immediate withdrawal from
Afghanistan. The people of the Soviet
Union don't even know it.
The Olympics are important to the Soviet Union. They have made massive investments in buildings, equipment, propaganda. As has probably already been
pointed out to you, they have passed out
hundreds of thousands of copies of an official Soviet document saying that the decision of the world community to hold the
Olympics in Moscow is an acknowledgement of approval of the foreign policy of
the Soviet Union, and proof to the world
that the Soviets' policy results in international peace.
I can't say at this moment what other
nations will not go to the Summer Olympics in Moscow. Ours will not go. I say
that not with any equivocation; the decision has been made. The American
people are convinced that we should not
go to the Summer Olympics. The Congress has voted overwhelmingly, almost
unanimously, which is a very rare thing,
that we will not go. And I can tell you
that many of our major allies, particularly
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 2 1
those democratic countries who believe in
freedom, will not go.
I understand how you feel, and I
thought about it a lot as we approached
this moment, when-I would have to stand
here in front of fine young Americans and
dedicated coaches, who have labored
sometimes for more than 10 years, in every
instance for years, to become among the
finest athletes in the world, knowing what
the Olympics mean to you, to know that
you would be disappointed. It's not a
pleasant time for me.
You occupy a special place in American
life, not because of your talent or your
dedication or your training or your commitment or your ability as an athlete, but
because for American people, Olympic
athletes represent something else. You
represent the personification of the highest ideals of our country. You represent a
special commitment to the value of a human life, and to the achievement of excellence within an environment of freedom, and a belief in truth and friendship
and respect for others, and the elimination
of discrimination, and the honoring of human rights, and peace.
Even though many of you may not warrant or deserve that kind of esteem, because you haven't thought so deeply about
these subjects, perhaps, the American
people think you do, because you are characterized accurately as clean and decent
and honest and dedicated.
That's why it's particularly important
that you join in with us, not in condemnation, even of the Soviet Union, not in a
negative sense at all, but in a positive sense
of what's best for our country and best for
world peace. There must be a firm, clear
voice of caution given to the Soviet
Union, not just in admonition and
criticism of what they have already done
to despoil a small and relatively weak
country but to make sure that they don't
look upon this as an achievement without
serious adverse consequences which can
then be followed up with additional aggression along the same lines.
Since the Second World War the Soviets have invaded successfully and have
subjugated and taken away the freedom
of people in Poland, in Hungary, in
Czechoslovakia, in other countries as well,
as you know. But for more than 25 years
they did not use their massive forces, after
the Warsaw Pact was formed, to go into
an adjacent country themselves. They
used others to fight the battles for them,
the Vietnamese and the Cubans, the
North Koreans earlier. This was a radical
departure from past Soviet policy, to go
in themselves, and it cannot go unmet.
I'd like to also point out that you will
not be the only ones making a sacrifice.
Yours may be the deepest and the most
personal to you. I acknowledge that. But
the farmers of this country also suffer.
Some of you come from farm families.
You know how important it is to have
stable international markets to sell your
products after very doubtful seasons have
to be faced and deep debts have to be
acquired.
Shortly before the election in Iowa, I
declared an embargo and cut off 17 million tons of grain that was going to the
Soviet Union. And a lot of people said,
"The farmers will condemn you, Mr.
President. You'll never be successful in
the election, in the farm communities." I
won the election by more than a 3-to-1
margin, because the farmers felt that, "Although it's a sacrifice for me, I believe in
my country, and in a peaceful way we
must send the Soviets a clear message that
aggression will not be condoned or excused."
And I'd like to remind you that everything we have done has been not only
for the ultimate purpose of peace but has
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Mar. 2 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
been done with peace. I've got powerful
forces available to carry out my command, military forces, the most powerful
on Earth, and I did not exercise any military option. We exercised political
options by asking the other nations to join
in with us at the U.N. to condemn the
Soviet Union, and 103 others did it. And
we exercised economic options, which I've
just described and I need not repeat. And
the other thing that we must do is to
stand with our allies and friends and freedom-loving people around the world and
say, "We will not go to Moscow and participate in the Olympic games in your
capital. We call for the moving of the
Olympics or the delay of the Olympics for
at least a year, until Soviet troops are
withdrawn from Afghanistan, or the cancellation of the games, or either we would
not participate."
Mr. Onek has been describing to you
my commitment to do the best I can to
give you Olympic-quality international
competition, probably toward the end
of August, that will let you participate,
representing yourselves, representing our
Nation. I am not naive, and I know that
there is nothing that I could help to
create, even if all other nations on Earth
joined with me, that would equal the
status of an Olympic gold medal.
In my judgment what we are doing is
preserving the principles and the quality
of the Olympics, not destroying it. It
would suit me fine if we had a permanent
Olympic site near the original Olympic
game in Olympus in Greece. We've advocated that. We've sent a delegation from
the White House, along with Prime Minister Karamanlis of Greece to look at a
potential site. That would please me completely. It's going to take a while to do it.
But I want to be sure that the principles
of the Olympics are preserved, not wasted
or destroyed or minimized.
This is obviously a difficult decision for
me to make. It's much more difficult on
you. I'm not saying it's worse for me.
The last think I would like to say is
this: We have many kinds of awards and
types of recognition. I'm not an outstanding 10,000-meter runner. [Laughter] But
I've been honored by election to the highest elective office in our country, and there
will be a difference, not just a subtle
difference, between a gold medal that you
might win the last part of August in international games that will not equal an
Olympic gold medal. I understand that.
But there will be an additional award that
I will help to emphasize within the bounds
of my capacity and authority and influence and status as a President, and
that is a special recognition to you that
you not only prevailed in a superb international competition of a world championship quality but that you also are
honored along with it, having helped to
preserve freedom and having helped to
enhance the quality or the principles of
the Olympics and having helped in a personal way to carry out the principles and
ideals of our Nation, and having made a
sacrifice in doing it.
And I hope that at least in the minds
of some of you the medal that you might
win in competition and the recognition of
a grateful nation will at least partially
make up for the sacrifice that you'll have
to make this summer in not going to Moscow for the Summer Olympics.
I'm very grateful that you came, and I
hope that you will help me, and I hope
that you will agree, if possible. But this
is a free country, and your voice is yours,
and what you do and say is a decision for
you to make. But whatever you decide, as
far as your attitude is concerned, I will
respect it. And I will appreciate this opportunity for me as President to meet with
vou to discuss a very serious matter as
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
equals, as Americans who love our country, who recognize that sometimes we
have to make sacrifices and that for the
common good, for peace and for freedom,
those sacrifices are warranted.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:32 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the
President's public schedule and other
items of general interest announced by the
White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
March 16
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
March 17
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale.
March 18
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration policies and programs
given for members of the National Cattlemen's Association in Room 450 of the
Old Executive Office Building.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration policies and programs
given for Members of Congress in the East
Room at the White House.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 12th, 13th, and 14th annual reports of the National Endowment for the
Humanities.
The President announced that he has
designated two persons as members of the
Board of Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. They are:
DEANE R. HINTON, Assistant Secretary of State
for Economic and Business Affairs, and
LUTHER H. HODGES, JR., Deputy Secretary of
Commerce.
March 19
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Members of Congress;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1980 National Housing Production Report.
The White House announced that
President Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt and
Prime Minister Menahem Begin of Israel
will meet separately with President Carter
in Washington during the month of April.
The dates of their visits are yet to be decided. The purpose of the meetings will be
to review the progress and pace of autonomy negotiations for the West Bank and
Gaza. The negotiations are being conducted in accordance with the provisions
of the Camp David accords, signed by all
three leaders on September 17, 1978.
The President announced the appointment of Charles F. C. Ruff as a
member of the District of Columbia Law
Revision Commission for a 4-year term.
He replaces Earl Silbert, resigned. Ruff is
U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia.
The President announced the appointment of Gerald McBride as a member of
the Committee for Purchase From the
Blind and Other Severely Handicapped.
521
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
McBride is Assistant Administrator for
Acquisition Policy at the General Services
Administration.
The President announced that he will
nominate two persons to be members of
the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation. They are:
DAVID BRONHEIM, who has been nominated to
be Associate Director of the U.S. International Development Cooperation Agency, and
WILLIAM G. BOWDLER, Assistant Secretary of
State for Inter-American Affairs.
March 20
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-William C. Verity, Jr., incoming
chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States;
-Representative John J. Cavanaugh
of Nebraska;
-Mrs. Carter, for lunch.
March 21
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the
President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr.
Donovan;
-Mr. Moore;
-Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs
Saburo Okita;
-Representative Lester L. Wolff of
New York.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration programs and policies
given for a group of black ministers in
Room 450 of the Old Executive Office
Building.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted March 18, 1980
HERTA LANDE SEIDMAN, of New York, to be
an Assistant Secretary of Commerce (new
position).
LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Kansas, to be a
member of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System for a term of 14
years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip
Edward Coldwell, term expired.
Submitted March 20, 1980
JOAN EDELMAN SPERO, of New York, to be the
Representative of the United States of
America on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, with the rank of
Ambassador.
The following-named persons to be members
of the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Foundation for the terms indicated:
DAVID BRONHEIM, of Connecticut, for the
remainder of the term expiring September 20, 1982, vice Carolyn R. Payton, resigned.
WILLIAM G. BOWDLER, of Florida, for a
term expiring September 20, 1984, vice
Viron P. Vaky, resigned.
ROBERT E. NEDERLANDER, of Michigan, to be a
member of the National Council on Educational Research for the remainder of the
term expiring September 30, 1980, vice
Betsy Levin, resigned.
ROBERT E. NEDERLANDER, of Michigan, to be
a member of the National Council on Educational Research for a term expiring September 30, 1983 (reappointment).
Submitted March 21, 1980
STEVEN A. MINTER, of Ohio, to be Under Secretary of Education (new position).
LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Missouri, to be a
member of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System for a term of 14
years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip
Edward Coldwell, term expired.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Withdrawn March 21, 1980
LYLE ELDEN GRAMLEY, of Kansas, to be a
member of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System for a term of 14
years from February 1, 1980, vice Philip
Edward Coldwell, term expired, which was
sent to the Senate on March 18, 1980.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released March 17, 1980
Advance text: remarks at the National League
of Cities Congressional-City Conference
Released March 19, 1980
Transcript: remarks and a question-and-answer session on the President's forthcoming
meetings with President Anwar al-Sadat of
Egypt and Prime Minister Menahem Begin
of Israel-by Press Secretary Jody Powell
Released March 20, 1980
Announcement: White House ceremony inaugurating the Department of Education on
May 7
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released March 21, 1980
Announcement: nomination of John S. Martin
to be United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved March 17, 1980
H.R. 5913 --- —-------- Public Law 96-210
An act to amend section 502 (a) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936.
S. 1792 --- —---------- Public Law 96-211
An act to authorize the President of the
United States to present on behalf of the
Congress a specially struck gold medal to
Simon Wiesenthal.
S. 643 --- —----------- Public Law 96-212
Refugee Act of 1980.
H.R. 1829 --- —-------- Private Law 96-50
An act for the relief of Loraine Smart and
Robert Clarke.
Approved March 18, 1980
H.R. 3398 --- —-------- Public Law 96-213
Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980.
523
Week Ending Friday, March 28, 1980
Virginia Democratic Party
Caucuses
White House Statement. March 22, 1980
The President very much appreciates
the strong support shown his candidacy in
today's decisive victory in the Virginia
Democratic caucus.
The President wishes to thank the
hundreds of Virginia volunteers whose
dedication and hard work made the victory possible. Volunteers always play a
major role in the success of any political
campaign, but their efforts have been
particularly important because of the
need of the President to remain in Washington to manage the Nation's affairs.
The continuing primaries and caucuses
provide voters from across the country
the opportunity to express their views on
the type of leadership they want for the
next 4 years, and the President is grateful
for the continued strong preference shown
his candidacy in all regions of the country.
The victory in Virginia once again increases the percentage of the vote Senator Kennedy would have to gain in subsequent primaries and caucuses if he is to
have any hope of attaining the number
of delegates necessary to secure the Democratic nomination. Preliminary estimates
of the final Virginia vote indicate that
Senator Kennedy will now have to capture 62 percent of the delegates in the
remaining primaries and caucuses in
order to gain the nomination.
Prior to today's caucus, the President
had 656 delegates, Senator Kennedy had
214 delegates, and there were 59 uncommitted delegates-a total of 929. A total
of 1,666 delegates is necessary to win the
nomination.
First Anniversary of the EgyptianIsraeli Peace Treaty
Remarks of the President, Ambassador Ashraf
A. Ghorbal of Egypt, and Ambassador Ephraim
Evron of Israel at a White House Reception.
March 23, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. This is another fine day.
Ambassador Ghorbal, Ambassador Evron,
friends of my country and of Israel and of
Egypt, it's a pleasure to have you back
with us.
A year ago, many of you joined us here
at the White House for a thrilling moment: the signing of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. We stood in the
bright spring sunshine, filled with a hope
of a new beginning for a nation which I
love here and for two nations in a region
which had long been at war.
We knew the difficulties ahead, yet we
were exhilarated by the prospects for
peace. We watched the leaders of two
great peoples who had long been enemies
embrace each other and embark on a new
and a promising relationship-two men
of courage, President Anwar Sadat and
Prime Minister Menahem Begin. They
astonished the world. They had silenced
for awhile the voices of cynicism and
hatred and despair. They had done the
impossible. They had achieved peace.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
That day culminated a year and a half
of patient and often very difficult negotiations following President Sadat's historic visit to Jerusalem. I remember the
moment at Camp David-it was a Sunday afternoon-when we suddenly knew
that peace was possible. And I remember
the moment in Cairo, following my visit
to Jerusalem, when we were able to proclaim to the world that a treaty between
these two great nations was at last within
our reach, and then the ceremony here,
bringing to an end 30 years of war.
Prime Minister Begin spoke to all of us
that day: "Peace unto you," he said.
"Shalom, salaam forever." Many things
have happened since that day almost
exactly a year ago, things which once
seemed even beyond dreaming. The borders have been opened. Ambassadors have
been exchanged between the two countries, based on full diplomatic recognition.
Ordinary citizens have become sightseers
in a neighboring land from which they
had long been completely excluded. It's
no longer harder to travel between Tel
Aviv and Cairo than it is between Tel
Aviv or Cairo and New York. Israelis and
Egyptians in all walks of life have clasped
each other's hands on the streets of Jerusalem and in Cairo, Alexandria and Tel
Aviv, in friendship.
Israel has returned a large part of the
Sinai to Egypt, and Egypt has accelerated
the normalization process even faster than
we had envisioned a year ago. The doubters had history on their side, for these
things had never happened before. Yet
the practical dreamers also had history on
their side as well, for now it has been
proven that we need not repeat old patterns of hatred and death, of suffering and
distrust.
Benjamin Franklin, who negotiated the
treaty with England following the American Revolution, said that he had never
seen a peace made, however advantageous, that was not censured as inadequate.
No treaty can possibly embody every aim
of any particular party to a treaty. What
a treaty can do, through negotiation and
compromise, is to protect the vital interests
of each of the parties involved. That's
what was done here 12 months ago.
We all know that our work is incomplete until the peace can be extended to
include all who have been involved in the
conflict of the past in the Middle East.
We must prove to all people in the Middle
East that this peace between Egypt and
Israel is not a threat to others, but a precious opportunity.
When I stood before the Knesset at a
moment when it seemed that the peace
treaty prospects had reached an impasse,
Prime Minister Begin reminded us that
this must be a peace not of months and
years, but forever. We've come to the first
year. We must now look at the world as
it is and find ways to continue living in
peace with one another.
This treaty between Egypt and Israel
is only one step on the way to a comprehensive peace throughout this troubled
region. At Camp David, President Sadat,
Prime Minister Begin, and I agreed on a
second step, which is now underway: negotiations to provide full autonomy to the
inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza.
That concept offers a first real hope for
keeping our common pledge-a pledge
made by all three of us-to resolve the
Palestinian problem in all its aspects while
fully protecting the security and the future
of Israel.
The autonomy talks will lead to a transitional arrangement. Further negotiations
will be required after 3 years or so to determine the final status of the West Bank
and Gaza. Egypt, Israel, and the United
States are now committed to the success
of this course that we set for ourselves at
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 23
Camp David, a course based on these accords and on United Nations Resolutions
242 and 338. As we all three pledged at
Camp David, through these current negotiations Israel can gain increased security,
and the Palestinians can participate in the
determination of their own future and
achieve a solution which recognizes their
legitimate rights.
For the past 10 months our negotiators
have done the patient work of defining
these difficult issues. As we meet today,
Ambassador Sol Linowitz is in Israel, and
he will soon be going to Egypt to help
move the talks forward. And next month
I will be meeting here with President
Sadat and with Prime Minister Begin. It's
time for us to review the progress that
we've made so far and to discuss the way
to move forward even faster. These two
summit meetings are not meant to replace
the negotiators who have worked so hard
and have come so far, but to help them to
expedite their vital work. I look forward
to seeing these two men once again. They
are my friends.
In the 13 days at-Camp David and the
meetings I've had with them before and
since, I've come to know them well. Both
the men have deep religious convictions.
Both are men whose personal sense of the
history of their own nations has shaped
their lives since early childhood. It should
never be forgotten that after a generation
of unsuccessful efforts engaging the
talents of a legion of fine statesmen, it
took courage and vision to create this
first major step toward peace. It will also
require courage and vision-perhaps even
more-and a commitment to fulfill not
only the letter but the spirit of the
Camp David accords and to realize our
dreams of a permanent peace.
The period between now and the completion of the talks will certainly not be
easy as we work to resolve some of the
most complex and emotional issues in the
entire world. Both Egypt and Israel will
now be facing difficult decisions in making an effort to answer difficult questions,
and they will need patience and understanding-theirs and also ours. Yet in the
resolution of these questions lies a great
promise for achieving the comprehensive
peace which is coveted by Egypt, Israel,
the United States, and all people of good
will everywhere.
The United States will continue to
work patiently and constructively with
both Egypt and Israel as a full partner
in the negotiations. These negotiations
presently ongoing are the road to peace.
They can succeed. They must succeed.
Let me make one thing clear. Domestic
politics cannot be allowed to create timidity or to propose obstacles or delay or to
subvert the spirit of Camp David, nor to
imply a lack of commitment to reach our
common goal. This is time when we
must continue that political vision that
made possible the treaty which we celebrate today. As Prime Minister Begin said
here last year, "Now is the time for all of
us to show civil courage in order to proclaim to our peoples and to others: No
more war, no more bloodshed, no more
bereavement."
At Camp David, we invited others to
adhere to the framework of peace and to
join in the negotiations. The negotiations
must be based on a commonly accepted
foundation. As these talks move forward,
let me reaffirm two points. We will not
negotiate with the Palestinian Liberation
Organization, nor will we recognize the
PLO unless it accepts Resolutions 242 and
338 and recognizes Israel's right to exist.
And we oppose the creation of an independent Palestinian state.
The United States, as all of you know,
has a warm and a unique relationship of
friendship with Israel that is morally
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Mar. 23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
right. It is compatible with our deepest
religious convictions, and it is right in
terms of America's own strategic interests.
We are committed to Israel's security,
prosperity, and future as a land that has
so much to offer to the world. A strong
Israel and a strong Egypt serve our own
security interests.
We are committed to Israel's right to
live in peace with all its neighbors, within
secure and recognized borders, free from
terrorism. We are committed to a Jerusalem that will forever remain undivided,
with free access to all faiths to the holy
places. Nothing will deflect us from these
fundamental principles and commitments
which I've just outlined.
As you all know, also, the United
States has broadened and has deepened
its valuable friendship with Egypt, the
largest and the most powerful and the
most influential Arab nation on Earth.
President Sadat, with his heroism, has
brought about profound changes not only
in the rest of the world but in Egypt's own
internal life. And he has made Egypt a
leader among nations in the pursuit of
peace. We support Egypt's security and
its well-being, and we will work with
Egypt to ensure a more prosperous and a
peaceful life for the Egyptian people.
As President Sadat said at this house a
year ago: "Let there be no more wars or
bloodshed between Arabs and Israelis. Let
there be no more suffering or denial of
rights. Let there be no more despair or
loss of faith. Let no mother lament the
loss of her child. Let no young man waste
his life on a conflict from which no one
benefits. Let us work together until the
day comes when they beat their swords
into plowshares and their spears into
pruninghooks."
Isaiah, in Chapter 42 in the Bible, says
of a great servant of God, "A bruised reed
he will not break; a dimly burning wick
he will not quench... I have given you,
as a covenant to the people, a light to the
nations to open the eyes that are blind."
Today, as the earth is reborn in springtime after a long winter, we lift high that
dimly burning wick of peace before the
nations of the world. In its light all can
see that, amid the disappointment and
the dangers, mankind can still prevail
against its own evils, against its own past,
against all the efforts that would separate
us one from another and make us enemies.
We must not be mean nor stingy nor lacking in courage. We must not betray the
trust of those whose faith is in us.
Down through the centuries the children of Abraham have spoken daily of
their longing for peace in their greetings.
President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin
are children of Abraham, and they are
men of peace. I ask your prayers that full
peace may yet be ours. I pray that the
dimly burning wick which we have lit may
yet ignite a blazing flame of peace that
will light the world.
I and President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin join in with you in our fervent
prayer: Peace, shalom, salaam.
AMBASSADOR GHORBAL. Mr. President,
Mrs. Carter:
It's a lovely occasion to be with you,
Mr. President, to rejoice at the first anniversary of the signing of the peace
treaty.
Let me, first of all, convey to you, Mr.
President, President Sadat's warm greetings on this very happy occasion. He sends
you his appreciation and that of the people of Egypt for making the day which we
celebrate very elegant. He is looking forward to being with you in Washington
shortly.
I am sure we all recall fondly what took
place on 26 March, 1979, when you
gathered us on the North Lawn to mark
an important page in the history of the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 23
Middle East and indeed of the world. A
year has passed since three leaders-you,
Mr. President, President Sadat, and
Prime Minister Begin-in that tri-handshake, opened a new era of hope and
peace.
Israeli ships have since crossed the
canal as Israeli forces started to withdraw
from our land. Oil fields were released
back to Egypt as El Al planes landed in
Cairo with Israeli tourists, receiving a
hearty welcome from our people. Ambassadors of Egypt and Israel presented their
credentials to the heads of state of Israel
and Egypt, in fulfillment of the peace
treaty that you helped to bring about.
Yes, Mr. President, today is a joyful
day, for who could have believed that in
such a short span of time all this could
have happened, and we live it daily.
Commitments by the parties have been
diligently met and by each deadline prescribed. Deep in my heart, Mr. President,
I feel that this will continue to be the
yardstick for the road ahead of us, and
further deadlines will equally be met to
bring further happiness, not only to ourselves but foremost to those waiting impatiently to see their rights honored, the
Palestinian people.
President Sadat broke the barrier of
distrust and carried, in his visit to Jerusalem, the olive branch of peace. The people of Israel, as many of us witnessed on
the TV screen, received that messenger of
peace and hope in unprecedented welcome. But, Mr. President, it was you, it
was you who stepped in with no hesitation, indeed with full dedication and
courage, to bring the parties together at
Camp David, to sit with each side, to
work with both, to join with your hand
in the drafting of what we finally celebrated on that Sunday evening at the
White House, the Camp David accords.
Again, I recall how you not only crossed
Pennsylvania Avenue to Blair House to
lunch with the three delegations, on a
most pleasant and southern note, to take
stock of progress at hand, to hear of the
difficulties that lingered, but more so, you
have crossed, at short notice, the Atlantic,
to both Egypt and Israel, when deadlock
risked the attainment of what we all were
yearning for. Again, with your perseverance and your dedication, you clinched
it all and brought everyone to that historic
celebration on the North Lawn to build
the first edifice of peace in the Middle
East.
Today, a stalemate looms on the talks
to bring about full autonomy for the Palestinian people in the West Bank and
Gaza. You step in and invite President
Sadat and Prime Minister Begin for talks
to implement what you three already
agreed upon. With a heavy agenda of issues at home and problems abroad, you
still devote your time and energy to break
a deadlock.
Mr. President, in this hour of happiness we cannot, all of us, but remember
foremost the Palestinian people, who, for
a very long period, have equally been
yearning to reach their national fulfillment. Full autonomy that allows them to
live their lives and direct their affairs in
freedom and yet in peace with their
neighbors is the only way to go about it.
President Sadat, in his address of the
signing ceremony of the peace treaty, you
may recall said, and I quote, "We must
be certain that the provisions of the Camp
David framework and the establishment
of a self-governing authority with a full
autonomy be carried out. There must be
a genuine transfer of authority to the
Palestinians in their land. Without that,
the problem will remain unsolved."
With your permission, Mr. President, I
wish to pay tribute to Secretary of State
Vance. His sense of justice, his patience
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Mar. 23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and warmth, his devotion to you and to
peace has been of immeasurable assistance
to us all.
With such a record of success in Camp
David in the Egyptian-Israeli peace
treaty, I am sure everyone shares with me
the conviction that you, Mr. President,
will succeed again in the coming round.
In this, you can, as usual, count on our
unwavering support.
I thank you.
AMBASSADOR EVRON. Mr. President,
Mrs. Carter, Ambassador Ghorbal, distinguished guests:
I am happy, Mr. President, to bring to
you today the warm greetings of Prime
Minister Begin and the people of Israel.
A year ago here in the White House, we
cemented the realization of a dream.
Throughout the ages, from Biblical days
to the modern era of sovereignty and independence, the Jewish people have
yearned for peace. Yet our history is tattered with tales of suffering, struggle,
exile, and martyrdom. Our ancient land
has been blessed all too rarely by the
fruits of peace.
We are at the outset of a road to a new
age in our region. Our success in making
this promising beginning is due not only
to the faith and courage of our two peoples and their leaders, Prime Minister
Begin and President Sadat. What is often
and rightly called the treaty of Washington owes so much to the perseverance and
dedication of President Carter. His was
the task of not allowing the two sides to
drift apart, of bridging gaps, of helping
create the formula where no common denominator existed, and of overcoming
differences that at times seemed
irreconcilable.
And I want also to join at this moment
in the tribute paid by my colleague, Ambassador Ghorbal, to Secretary Vance.
We all respect and have the highest re
gard for him, and we have the deepest
appreciation of his personal contribution
to the peace between us and Egypt.
Thus, it is a treaty containing benefits
and obligations for all of us, for besides
the vision of President Sadat and the initiative of Prime Minister Begin and the
great risks and heavy sacrifices that he accepted on Israel's behalf, the United
States undertook specific and important
commitments to ensure that peace can
and will, in fact, take hold. Notwithstanding the dangers and burdens involved, the
Government and the people of Israel are
determined to continue the implementation of the peace treaty and to carry out
its obligations as defined in the Camp
David accords.
That delicately balanced but realistic
formula, devised with so much thought
and patience, remains the sole framework
within which we can jointly achieve the
goals we set for ourselves: peace with
Egypt, autonomy for the Palestinian
Arab inhabitants of Judea, Samaria, and
Gaza, and eventually, a peace edifice encompassing all the countries of our region.
We, in Israel, are confident that our
two partners in this historic venture will
be equally true to the definition of Camp
David, for that is the only avenue by
which we can keep the peace process
moving ahead and ensure tranquillity and
stability to the Middle East. Our neighbors should realize that hatred, threats,
and war serve nothing, but that negotiations leading to coexistence and friendly
relations with Israel are beneficial to all
sides.
Looking at the world around us today,
we find that we live in that era when too
often narrow, self-serving interests outweigh the values that determine the greatness of nations. Let us-Americans, Egyptians, Israelis-reaffirm our resolve that
we shall not be deflected by anyone, be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 24
they old allies or known adversaries, from
the path of peace that we have chosen to
follow.
We have made much progress during
the year that has passed. Much more remains to be done. Some of it will not be
easy, and there will be no helping hand
other than that of the great American
democracy. It is in this spirit of renewed
hope and dedication that we look forward
to the forthcoming meetings of you, Mr.
President, with President Sadat and Prime
Minister Begin.
Mr. President, by hosting this impressive and yet so human gathering to mark
the anniversary of the first peace treaty,
you are, at once, renewing the commitment of all of us to it and showing the
world that good can triumph over evil.
Thank you, President and Mrs. Carter, for
your gracious hospitality, and thank you
all, colleagues and friends, for helping to
make this anniversary a memorable occasion.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Let me say just a
word. I'm very sorry that we don't have
room for everyone to sit down; we had a
larger crowd than we had anticipated.
But we would like to greet all of you personally, so I've asked the two Ambassadors to join me, just outside in front of the
Blue Room. And we'd like to shake your
hand as you go into the other room for
the reception, for some refreshments. And
if you would let us welcome you personally in that way, we would appreciate it.
We also need, as I said in the close of
my statements, your prayers. We have
many difficult unresolved issues among us.
All three of us are determined not to fail,
but we need the same kind of spirit and
the same kind of support that you added
to us a year ago, and then a year and a
half ago, when we faced defeat, but came
through with victory. And I think we'll
have peace in the Middle East if you'll
help us in every way.
Thank you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:15 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
American Leather Wearing
Apparel Industry
Memorandum From the President.
March 24, 1980
Memorandum for the United States
Trade Representative
Subject: Determination Under Section
202 (b) of the Trade Act; Leather Wearing Apparel
Pursuant to section 202(b) (1) of the
Trade Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-618, 88 Stat.
1978), I have determined the action I
will take with respect to the report of the
United States International Trade Commission (USITC), transmitted to me on
January 24, 1980, concerning the results
of its investigation of a petition for import relief filed by the National Outerwear and Sportswear Association, the
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile
Worker's Union, the International Ladies'
Garment Workers Union, the United
Food and Commercial Workers Union,
and the Tanners' Council of America,
Inc., on behalf of the domestic industry
producing leather wearing apparel, provided for in item 791.76 of the Tariff
Schedules of the United States (TSUS).
After considering all relevant aspects of
the case, including those considerations
set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade
Act of 1974, I have determined that expedited adjustment assistance is the most
effective remedy for the injury suffered
by the domestic leather wearing apparel
531
Mar. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
industry, and that import relief is not in
the national economic interest.
Expedited adjustment assistance is the
only positive action that would aid the
adjustment process of the industry without being inflationary or possibly causing
a further erosion in consumer demand by
further increasing prices. Firm adjustment assistance would facilitate the purchase of new equipment and the implementation of new marketing techniques
that the industry has stated would be its
primary adjustment actions if import relief were granted.
The imposition of import relief itself
would have an inflationary impact and
consumer cost that I consider unacceptable in light of the strong emphasis that
this Administration places on its antiinflation efforts.
Also, it is not clear that the industry
would be in a position to compete once
relief expires.
I have directed the Secretaries of Commerce and Labor to give expeditious consideration to any petitions for adjustment
assistance filed by firms producing leather
wearing apparel, by their workers, and by
communities impacted by imports of such
articles.
This determination is to be published
in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:18 p.m., March 24, 1980]
American Leather Wearing
Apparel Industry
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President of the Senate Transmitting a Report.
March 24, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
In accordance with section 203(b) (2)
of the Trade Act of 1979, enclosed is a
report to the Congress setting forth my
determination to direct expedited consideration of adjustment assistance petitions from workers and firms in the U.S.
leather wearing apparel industry and my
decision that import relief is not in the
national economic interest, and explaining the reasons for my decision.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
IMPORT RELIEF ACTION
LEATHER WEARING APPAREL
As required under section 203 (b) (2) of
the Trade Act of 1974, I am transmitting
this report to Congress setting forth the
action I will take with respect to import
relief for leather wearing apparel. On
January 24, 1980, the U.S. International
Trade Commission (USITC) reported to
me its affirmative finding on injury to the
industry under section 201 of the Trade
Act. As my action differs from that recommended by the USITC, I have included
the reasons for my decision.
After considering all relevant aspects of
the case, including those considerations
set forth in section 202(c) of the Trade
Act of 1974, I have determined that provision of import relief is not in the national economic interest for the following
reasons:
1. Import relief would have an inflationary impact and a consumer cost that
I consider unacceptable in light of the
strong emphasis that this Administration
is placing on its anti-inflation efforts.
2. There is serious doubt that import
relief would help the domestic industry
effectively adjust to compete with imports
once the relief has expired.
532
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 25
Although relief has been denied, I have
directed the Secretaries of Commerce and
Labor to give expeditious consideration to
any petitions for adjustment assistance
filed by firms producing leather wearing
apparel, by their workers, and by communities impacted by imports of such
articles.
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Walter F.
Mondale, President of the Senate.
Arthur M. Okun
Stetement on the Death of the American
Economist. March 24, 1980
The sudden death of Arthur Okun has
left me and countless others deeply saddened. A distinguished career has been
cut short.
Art Okun was a brilliant economist who
transcended the artificial boundaries between his discipline and public policy. I
relied on him frequently for advice, which
he gave honestly and candidly.
I especially admired his commitment
to economics not as an end in itself, but
as a tool to improve the lives of all Americans, especially working people and the
poor.
Economics was never static to Art. It
was instead a forever changing inquiry
into our dynamic economic system. To
read his works, to discuss problems with
him, was to experience the great sweep of
his mind and his constant search for practical solutions.
Art Okun was a good man and a good
friend to many of us. Rosa]ynn and I will
miss him, and I extend our deepest sym
pathy to his wife, Suzanne, and to his
sons.
National Institute of Building
Sciences
Nomination of Eight Members of the Board of
Directors. March 25, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate eight persons to be members of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences. They
are:
RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of Clearwater, Fla., president of the Bramberg Management Organization, Inc., and Suncoast
Investments, Inc.;
BLANCA CEDE&O, deputy director of management for the New York City Housing Authority (reappointment);
WILLIAM F. FLOYD III, of Atlanta, Ga., vice
president of Builders Investment Group (reappointment);
WARNER HOWE, of Memphis, Tenn., a consulting engineer who serves as chairman of
the building code revision and advisory
board for the city of Memphis (reappointment);
JOSEPH T. POWER, general president of the
Operative Plasterers' and Cement Masons'
International Association and a member of
the executive council of the Building and
Construction Trades Department;
S. EUGENE RUFF, of Harrisburg, N.C., business manager and financial secretary of Local
Union 379 of the International Brotherhood
of Electrical Workers, and president of the
North Carolina Building and Construction
Trades Council;
CHARLENE F. SIZEMORE, of Huntington,
W. Va., a statistical engineer who is active
in consumer education and other civic affairs
(reappointment );
JEREMIAH THOMAS WALSH, commissioner of
the New York City Department of Buildings
(reappointment).
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Mar. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo
Romero
Statement on the Death of the Archbishop of
San Salvador. March 25, 1980
I strongly condemn the tragic assassination of Archbishop Oscar A. Romero
of San Salvador yesterday. It is a shocking and unconscionable act.
Archbishop Romero spoke for the poor
of El Salvador, where their voices had
been ignored for too long. He spoke for
change and for social justice, which his
nation so desperately needs. Terrorism
cannot silence the archbishop's message of
compassion. It cannot and should not
intimidate those who seek social justice
and democracy.
The United States trusts that the Government of El Salvador will move swiftly
and effectively to bring the archbishop's
assassins to justice.
Connecticut and New York
Democratic Party Primaries
Statement by the White House Press
Secretary. March 25, 1980
The President wishes to congratulate
Senator Kennedy and all of his supporters
on their victories in Connecticut and New
York tonight.
The President also wishes to express
his deep appreciation for all those who
worked so hard for the Carter-Mondale
campaign in Connecticut and New York
under what were rather difficult
circumstances.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at
9:55 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission of the United States
Nomination of Francis L. Jung To Be a
Member. March 26, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Francis L. Jung, of Woodbridge, Va., to be a member of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, a
new position.
Jung has been with the Washington law
firm of Dilworth, Paxson, Kalish & Levy
since earlier this year.
He was born September 3, 1947, in
Philadelphia, Pa. He received an A.B.
from the University of Dayton in 1969, a
J.D. from New England School of Law in
1974, and an LL.M. from Harvard Law
School in 1975.
From 1975 to 1979, Jung was with the
firm of Tanaka, Walders & Ritger. From
1979 until earlier this year, he was with
Cladouhos & Brashares. He specializes in
international trade matters and has represented clients before the Treasury Department and the International Trade
Commission.
White House Conference on
Aging
Remarks at a White House Reception.
March 26, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Dr. Sadie Alexander,
Dr. Bernice Neugarten, Miss Lupe
Morales, former Congressman Waldie,
Aaron Henry, my wife, Nelson Cruikshank, also:
Every time I make a speech to any
group that might listen about the problems or the opportunities or the life or
534
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 26
the excitement of the elderly, either
Nelson Cruikshank or my wife or my
mother are always there breathing over
my shoulder-[laughter]-to make sure I
say the right thing and say enough.
This is a good day for us. It's a particularly important day for 5,000 Americans.
Does anyone have any idea which 5,000
Americans I'm talking about? Yes?
AUDIENCE MEMBERS. The ones who
reach 65 today.
THE PRESIDENT. Right on. Right on.
Every day in our great country about
5,000 Americans reach the age of 65. And
this is a very important time in their lives.
It's a time either of increased choices in
their life or a narrow restraint on their
life. It's a time for the prospect of warm
relationships with their families or their
friends, or it's a time of prospective loneliness. It's a time of security and anticipation of a future that's stable, that will
meet their needs, or it's a time of uncertainty and insecurity and, perhaps, of
fear. It's a time of confidence about the
coming days, or it's a time of pessimism
about their future life.
This question, how Americans approach their 65th year and how they live
their lives after the age of 65, will be the
subject of the White House Conference
on Aging. This is your responsibility
along with mine to make sure that the
decisions we make, the studies that we
complete, the recommendations that are
presented to the American public and to
the Congress are wise and adequate.
A lot of people say that this is the third
White House Conference on Aging. As
a matter of fact, it's the fourth, because
30 years ago Dr. Oscar Ewing, who was
the head of the old Federal Security
Agency, which I understand was the predecessor of HEW, convened a national
assembly on the aging. Some of you were
there.
Every 10 years, roughly, since that time,
there has been a follow-up conference on
the aging. And each, as you know, has
built on the work of those who came before it. That conference 30 years ago was
primarily designed to assess the present
and future problems of the aging without
any particular focus; but of course it was
designed to build upon the benefits that
had been derived from social security.
At the 1961 conference, the overriding
question addressed was health of the elderly. And out of that conference came
the concept of Medicare, which slowly but
surely gained wide support, and eventually was enacted into law. The last conference there was a special concentration
on problems of minorities, those who have
the additional problem not only of being
aged but also belonging to groups against
which discrimination had been focused.
And there was a special study also of the
transportation problems of the elderly.
But at all of the conferences, of course,
income and income maintenance has been
a primary consideration.
I think, overall, the White House conferences on the aging and their predecessor have a good track record. And I have
no doubt that with your advice and with
your leadership we'll have a good conference this coming year.
This conference will still have to contend with problems like income maintenance and health and transportation and
the problems of minorities. But it will also
have a special focus on two new problems
that have arisen. One is energy, which is
going to be a permanent problem. And
the other one is the special impact of inflation, which I hope and trust will be a
transient aberration in our own country
and around the world. These problems
combined all together give us a great challenge, important to many millions of people who are not here in this room today,
535
Mar. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
but who will be depending upon those
who are in this room today. It'll be a test
of our values, our strengths, our wisdom,
and I think, our courage and our character as a nation.
Twelve days ago I announced an intensified program to deal with the special
problems of inflation. Inflation is an
economic threat, and it's also a social
threat. And those who suffer most from
inflation are those whom you will be representing; those who live on small incomes, those who are not particularly
mobile, those who have difficulty in
shopping habits, those who live on fixed
incomes, those who live on uncertain incomes suffer most. And although the
inflation rate is higher than our own in
most other countries on Earth, we still
have an inflation rate in our Nation that
is debilitating if it's not arrested and reduced. We must all work together on it,
because it impacts on those for whom we
are all responsible.
In doing this, in dealing with this complex question, we've got to be fair, we've
got to be wise, and we must have equity
among our people for it to work well and
for it to be supported. There's no quick or
easy answer. There are no magic solutions. You can't pass a law or issue an
Executive order that will deal in any material way with the impact of high costs
of energy, which will inevitably be worse
in the future, and the resulting inflation
rates.
We're going to have to exercise some
personal discipline and some national discipline as well. That need not be unpleasant. It may even be beneficial, because
we'll restudy the priorities that we've established in our own lives in and out of
government, and in government at all
levels.
We can't continue with the illusion that
a penny borrowed is a penny earned. This
takes us down the wrong path. And I
think that you know that the breadth of
this challenge will be a great responsibility
of us all. We will make recommendations
this week, and officially Monday, on the
budget changes that will be required to
get our Federal discipline demonstrated to
the rest of the Nation.
We will be careful and we will be sensitive. I've been thinking about this conference and this speech ever since I started
working on the budget. I don't want to
mislead you. We will make recommendations that are tough, difficult, adequate,
fair, effective. Social security will not be
touched; neither will SSI; neither will
Medicare; neither will the Meals on
Wheels; neither will assisted housing;
neither will the Council on the Aging;
neither will the White House Conference
on Aging.
But that does not mean that all of you
will not have to join with me and the Congress in exercising the discipline that has
been basically agreed upon among myself
and the leaders of the House and the Senate. The discipline will be quite severe; it
will not be pleasant. But I think it's better
to face a transient inconvenience and a
temporary series of disappointments than
to suffer the permanent, debilitating effect
of inflation continuing over a long period
of time.
Our Nation, in a time like this, of
strength and blessings and courage and
unity, still needs the experience of the
elderly. Our older citizens have been
through much more difficult times: two
World Wars, the Korean conflict, the
Vietnam conflict, a great depression;
challenges to our ways of life, an end to
racial and other discrimination, where the
very roots of our Nation were shaken or
our own security was threatened.
Our present problems, although they're
quite severe and they preoccupy me every
minute, are not nearly so difficult to face
536
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 26
or to resolve as those that I have just outlined to you. And I think to the extent that
we can benefit from the experience of
many of those that we will be meeting
with and serving in the White House Conference, we can deal with these problems
much more effectively and much more
wisely. I'm confident that you will come
forward from the White House Conference in 1981 with a good assessment and
with a good education program for the
public and the Congress, and a good program which we can subsequently adopt.
We've got, as you well know, first-rate,
quality leadership represented among
those sitting behind me on this podium.
Dr. Sadie Alexander, because of the good
judgment of Secretary Pat Harris, will
chair the Conference. Dr. Alexander has
a long list of superb achievements. She's a
wonderful person, as you well know. One
among many is that she's the first black
woman in this Nation ever to have earned
a Ph. D. And she did it in the time when
it took not only intelligence, even brilliance, but also a great deal of courage and
innovation and spirit and determination.
And that acquisition of an advanced degree she has used very wisely, not only for
her own self and for those she immediately
loves but for all Americans.
Dr. Arthur Flemming,' who's not here
this afternoon-I think you probably have
guessed where he is; he's on the Hill, meeting with the appropriation committees to
be sure that our programs are protected.
He's participated in all the White House
conferences on the aging. He will be the
cochair, and his accomplishments and his
idealism, his commitment, and his wisdom
are unparalleled, I think, in government.
And I'm very grateful to him.
Dr. Bernice Neugarten, an authority in
the field of the aging, will also be one of
1 Chairperson Emeritus, White House Conference on Aging.
our leaders. Miss Lupe Morales, who has
an outstanding record in addressing the
problems of the aging on the one hand,
and the consumers on the other, is also
one of our leaders. Dr. Ellen Winston, who
served with distinction, as you know, as
the former U.S. Commissioner on Welfare, will also cochair. With people like
these, and many others that I don't have
time to mention, I have no doubt that all
of you advisers, and me and Rosalynn, the
rest of us, will be very successful in this
coming effort.
I might say in closing that I look forward to a very enthusiastic, and I hope
inspirational, and I trust enjoyable, preparation and completion of the White
House Conference on Aging, one that will
be fruitful to the ones who are looking to
us for leadership and service, and to our
whole Nation as well.
And I might add that I have one other
hope, and that is that when you present
your recommendation to the President in
December of 1981 that I will be here to
receive it.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:05 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House. In his opening
remarks, he referred to Sadie T. M. Alexander,
Chairperson, Bernice L. Neugarten and Lupe
Morales, Deputy Chairpersons, and Jerome R.
Waldie, Executive Director, all of the White
House Conference on Aging, Aaron Henry,
member of the Federal Council on the Aging,
and Nelson H. Cruikshank, Counsellor to the
President on Aging.
Panama Canal
Executive Order 12203. March 26, 1980
CONTINUING APPLICABILITY OF PANAMA
CANAL REGULATIONS
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
537
Mar. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Constitution and laws of the United
States, in order to temporarily extend a
delegation of authority to the Secretary
of Defense, the last sentence of Section
1-102 of Executive Order No. 12173 of
November 29, 1979, is amended to read,
"This delegation shall be effective until
May 15, 1980.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 26, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:51 p.m., March 26, 1980]
Democratic Congressional
Campaign Dinner
Remarks at the Dinner. March 26, 1980
Mr. Speaker, I heard that delightful
speech and good introduction. I appreciate it very much.
Majority Leader Senator Byrd, Senator
Ford, Congressman Corman, Senator
Humphrey, distinguished other hosts and
executives of labor and business and the
Democratic National Committee:
It is a distinct honor for me, as President of our Nation, and, as Tip said, as
the leader of the Democratic Party, to be
here. As Democrats and as politicians, I'm
sure a lot of you are wondering what happened in New York and Connecticut
yesterday. [Laughter] You're not the only
ones. [Laughter]
I've spent all day doing a very close
analysis, using the most modern, 1980 election techniques, and I have finally come
to the conclusion that we won a tremendous victory yesterday. [Laughter] Fritz
Mondale and I are very proud of the outcome last night. It's a great victory when
you are able to improve. In 1976, I ran for
President in the New York primary. I
came in fourth, just behind "none of the
above." [Laughter] And yesterday we
came in second. [Laughter]
And it's also a great victory when you
learn in the process of political campaigns.
I discovered yesterday that States are not
exactly the same. The Illinois people seem
to be completely enamored with the oil
import fee and the reduction of State
revenue sharing. I discovered yesterday
that New York is quite different.
[Laughter]
Also you learn about other things not
directly related to the campaign. When I
first came to Washington a little more
than 3 years ago, a good friend of mine,
a man whom I admire very much, came
up to see me and said, "Mr. President, I
know that you are new in your office and
I want to give you some advice about foreign affairs. You've just selected Andy
Young to represent you in shaping international policy. And let me tell you from
the bottom of my heart that I know from
experience, having been in Washington
for many years, that nobody pays any attention to what happens at the United
Nations." [Laughter] I deeply appreciated
that advice from my good friend. He happens to be a Senator-very knowledgeable about affairs of the Nation-from
Massachusetts. [Laughter]
So, because we've improved and because we've learned-a great victory
yesterday. As a matter of fact, in New
York State there will be two Democratic
contests this year. One was yesterday. The
other one will be in August in Madison
Square Garden. I'm willing to be fair.
I'll settle for a split. [Laughter] As a
matter of fact, we are thinking about
changing the name of Madison Square
Garden to Madison Square Rose Garden
in August. [Laughter]
I think all of you know, in a time of
trouble and trial and tribulation and
538
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 26
challenge, it is very good for Democrats
to join together, to be partners. I've spent
a remarkable month working with the
Democratic leadership in dealing with one
of the most severe challenges which our
Nation has faced, certainly in the last 3
years: the challenge of inflation and the
need to slash Federal spending in 1981 to
wind up with a balanced budget. These
have not been easy sessions. They've been
presided over by distinguished Members
of the Congress.
At first, they were particularly difficult.
The attitudes were not quite conducive to
cooperation and compromise. The first
session, Bob Byrd showed up with a coal
miner's helmet and flashed his light in
everybody's eyes. Alan Cranston came with
his American Legion cap. Senator Stennis
came with his admiral's uniform on. Tom
Foley came with a straw hat, carrying a
pitchfork. And we had a very difficult
time getting them to change their uniform
and work together, but it wasn't long before they began to see that we shared a
common challenge and a common need to
address our Nation's problems together.
There were a lot of arguments. And
everybody seemed to be kind of ill at
ease. It was strange to look around the
room and see only one man completely relaxed, looking to the future with confidence and with complete complacency.
We never did understand why Bob Giaimo
felt that way until Monday-[laughter]when he announced that he would not be
a candidate for reelection-a great loss
for the Nation, as all of you would agree,
but it made Bob feel a lot easier toward
the future.
It's always good for Democrats to get
together to share with one another the
trials and tribulations and also the enjoyment of one's company and also the excitement about the future of a great Na
tion. We do face difficult times, and we
also face tremendous common challenges.
Sometimes I, as President, get discouraged. I know you do also, because the
answers are not easy ones, and the decisions quite often are very difficult. The
responsibilities on our shoulders are sometimes very heavy.
This afternoon in the East Room of
the White House, I met with a groupabout 55 or 60-who will be the cochairpersons and the advisers on the White
House Conference on the Aging, which
is held every 10 years or so. This will be
the fourth session, in 1981. I commented
in my brief address to them that there
were 5,000 special Americans today. On
an average day, 5,000 Americans reach
the age of 65. And I thought back about
those particular Americans who reached
that birthday today.
As they began their adulthood and perhaps took on the responsibilities of a
family, it was in the depth of a severe depression-perhaps the most severe one
that our Nation has ever experiencedin 1935, '36, and '37. But their lives were
brightened by a Democratic administration that gave them the TVA and gave
them and us the Rural Electrification
Administration and gave them the
promise of security in their old age, of
social security.
And as I looked at that group of advisers, some of whom over a period of 40
years had attended four different major
sessions when improvements in the lives
of the aged in our country had been
made, I thought about their own experiences and how much we could benefit
from what they have learned about this
Nation. They've been through two World
Wars, through the war in Korea, the
war in Vietnam, that was highly divisive
for our country. They've been through
the most severe depression that our Na
539
Mar. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tion has ever experienced and the social
changes that have taken place in the relationship among American citizens,
when racial discrimination, under Democratic leadership, was wiped out of the
consciousness of all our citizens.
Tremendous challenges, tremendous
problems, tremendous questions that had
to be resolved-much more severe than
any that we face today. Ours pale in comparison to some of those when the very
existence of our Nation was threatened
and our Nation was highly divided. But
with their own courage and with their
own unity and with the principles and
ideals of our party and our Nation,
they've prevailed. And our Nation continued to grow and to increase its strength
and to let all Americans have a brighter
future and a clearer concept within themselves of their worth as individual human
beings.
Today, with courage and with unity,
we can face the difficult challenges that
Tip O'Neill just outlined to you. That's
a heritage of Democrats. The most severe
economic challenge we have today is inflation. The most severe social challenge
we face today is inflation. It's particularly
burdensome on Democrats, because our
hearts go out to those who suffer most. It's
the most cruel tax of all, falling especially
on those that are not mobile, who can't
move from one community to another or
even one grocery store to another, who
can't change jobs, who live on frozen
salaries, who have to survive on the receipts from fixed savings accounts, and
who are particularly afflicted when every
year their real income goes down.
We, as Democrats, recognize that challenge. And that's why we are trying to
exercise now the severe discipline in the
Federal Government posture that will be
successful in turning the inflation rates
down and also set an example for the
rest of our Nation. Our Government will
take the lead. As Tip O'Neill pointed out,
we will have a balanced budget in 1981.
We have only had one balanced budget
in the last 20 years. And we will balance
the budget with a special sensitivity so
that we will not damage the people about
whom we care most deeply.
As I talked to the senior citizens today,
I pointed out to them that we are not cutting Medicare, we are not cutting social
security, we are not cutting SSI benefits,
we are not cutting housing construction
assisted by the Federal budget. We are not
cutting Meals on Wheels. We are being
very careful not to damage the lives of
those about whom we feel and for whom
we feel responsibility.
This is not easy-to deal with inflation.
Other nations who are our friends and
allies and trading partners are suffering
much more severely than we. There are a
few who have inflation rates 10 times
greater than our own. We're in it together, and we are resolved and we have
the courage and a commitment to unity
that, in my opinion, is unprecedentedat least since I've occupied the White
House.
It's closely related to the energy problem. We are not going to get better any
time in the foreseeable future, no matter
how long we live, with more plentiful
energy supplies or with cheaper energy.
The last decade has put a terrible affliction on us. The price of energy has been
multiplied a thousand percent-it's increased a thousand percent. American oil
imports have increased 20 times over in
the last 10 years. And as Tip pointed out,
in 1 year the price of international oil has
increased more than 115 percent; last
month, 7'2 percent alone.
We are still importing so much oil it
hurts to think about it. This year, in
540
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 26
spite of reducing the quantity of oil that
we import every day by more than a million barrels a day in the last 2 years, we
will still send $80 billion of hard-earned
American money to foreign countries to
buy their oil. Eighty billion dollars is hard
to understand. But it's easier to understand when you realize that on the average, every single American family will expend $1,500 to buy foreign oil. This is not
an easy question to answer. But the Congress has dealt with it with tenacity and
commitment and also with great political
courage, because, again, the answers are
not easy.
The Democratic agenda that faces us
now is one adequate to make us proud.
And I think in November we'll present
to the people of this country both a list
of commitments and a list of achievements that will result in a resounding
Democratic victory. Our Nation is at
peace, and that is a prevailing achievement of which all Americans are and will
be proud. And we've not been satisfied to
bring peace to Americans. For the first
time in more than 50 years, under seven
Presidents who've preceded me, we have
not had a single soldier lost in combat,
and I pray that we can keep that record.
And we are working hard to extend the
blessings of peace to others. We have a
relatively new presence in Africa. What
we've seen lately in the nation of Rhodesia, soon to be Zimbabwe, the institution of a democratic government under
the leadership of Great Britain, supported
by us and others, that will bring majority
rule there and add a sense of dignity to
people who have too long been subjugated
by racial discrimination. We hope to
spread that concept, based on our own
principles, to others who've suffered too
long.
In the Mideast, I am absolutely determined to build on the Camp David accords and the Mideast peace treaty between Egypt and Israel to bring permanent peace to our close friend and ally,
Israel, on whose security the American
security is based. We share reciprocal
benefits when Israel is free, strong, secure,
and at peace. And the upcoming negotiations that I will take on with Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat I hope
will lead to a culmination of this long effort, succeeding 30 years with four wars
and horrible death and destruction and
hatred on both sides.
We believe in a strong America, because
that's the only basis for peace for ourselves and for others. A strong America
economically, a strong dollar, a good balance of trade, massive American exports,
strong agriculture, a free enterprise system admired by the rest of the world, a
solution to energy problems and inflation
problems that can be emulated by other
countries who look to us with admiration
and as the leaders of the Western World.
A nation strong militarily, with a defense
establishment, a defense capability and a
commitment and a will second to none on
Earth. A nation strong politically, with
alliances strengthened, with 103 nations
voting along with us recently to condemn
the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan and demanding withdrawal of those
troops attempting to subjugate permanently a free and independent and a
deeply religious nation. The trends are
toward us, under a Democratic leadership-a nation strong morally, ethically,
raising high the banner of human rights
and not ever violating the principles and
the standards and the ethics and the ideals
on which our Nation was originally
founded.
Democrats have never found any incompatibility between two things that
541
Mar. 26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
start with a "c": One is competence in
government, and the other one is compassion in government. Competence
means that we believe that a government
can deliver services to the people who
need it efficiently. You can't feed children
or care for the elderly or build great cities
or a good transportation system or give
good schooling with waste and corruption
and inefficiency. And you can't have an
efficient government that is meaningful
unless the government has a heart open
to encompass those who depend on us
as Democrats for a better opportunity and
a better life.
Economic opportunities, social justice
have always been the hallmarks of the
Democratic Party. I'm very proud we've
got a good partnership between the President and the Congress and officials in the
State and the local governments.
I'm determined to tap the strengths and
the ideals of America in November. I am
determined that we will win in November. And I'm also determined-and perhaps this is even more important-that
we Democrats will deserve to win. We
don't want to win just because we're the
most popular party. We don't want to
win just because we occupy the White
House. We don't want to win just because
we've got an overwhelming majority in
the House and Senate. We want to win
because we deserve to win, because we
represent the American people better,
because we believe in competence, but because we believe in love and compassion
and concern for those who've had trust in
us.
And because we're resolved in our
hearts never to betray that trust and to
live with the principles ever foremost,
ever demonstrated in practical, tangible
terms, of the oldest and the greatest party
on Earth in the finest and best nation on
Earth, I believe that's what we'll do in
November.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:52 p.m. in the
International Ballroom at the Washington
Hilton Hotel.
Windfall Profits Tax Legislation
Remarks by Telephone With the Senate
Majority Leader and the Chairman of the
Senate Finance Committee on Senate
Approval of the Legislation. March 27, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Hello.
Very good.
Senator Byrd? Yes.
Absolutely.
Well, I'm glad youYes.
It's the same way on this end. I'm
glad you've got Russell Long on the
phone. Russell, we really appreciate the
great leadership you've shown in this very
difficult matter.
I think this is going to be wonderful
news for our country, not only in the fact
that we will have $227 billion that can be
spent for the well-being of our people, for
the low-income families, and for the generation of alternative supplies of energy
for public transportation, and also maybe
in the future for a genuine income tax
reduction, but because this will help, I
think, to set the tone in our country for
a major commitment that hasn't been
adequate so far to resolve the long-term
energy problems. And I'm grateful to you,
to all the Members of the Congress, and
to Senator Byrd for your great leadership.
It's good news for the whole country and
I think also good news for the whole
world.
Yes.
Well, when we get the mobilization
542
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 2 7
board and security corporation passed
that'll be good news too. The bill is effective as of the 1st of March. Is that not
right, Russell?
That's good.
Yes.
Very good. I don't know when it'll be
coming to me from the Hill. I guess we
can find that out after a few days, when
the House and Senate leaders decide to
sign it.
That sounds good.
Well, you could leave the ribbons off
of this one in order to get it on down
here. Well, I hope we'll have a chance to
sign it when we can have a group down
for a ceremony, because I think it's something that needs to be emphasized to the
Nation.
Yes, Bob?
Well, we have a few here around me in
the Oval Office, Bob. I would like to say
to the press on your end that the Congress has shown not only great wisdom
in the final content to this legislation but
also great courage in dealing with one of
the most controversial issues that we've
had to levy a tax of this kind. Almost a
quarter of a trillion dollars over the next
10 years to be used for the benefit of the
American people is indeed an achievement of which we can all be proud. And I
believe that it leaves adequate resources
with the oil industry to expedite even
more rapidly their search for and discovery of American supplies of oil and
natural gas. And of course, we can be
using their receipts from this tax to explore other alternative sources of energy
and particularly to expedite the Americans turning toward conservation and
the saving of energy.
So, in every respect, it's good for our
Nation in lessening our dependence on
foreign oil imports, in cutting down on
inflation, and building up more jobs in
our own Nation and setting an example
for the rest of the world. So, I'm doubly
grateful to all of you, and I hope you'll
extend my thanks to all the Members of
the Senate, Bob.
Good luck to you both, and thank you
again.
[At this point, the telephone conversation
was completed.]
It's good news.
REPORTER. Is it better late than never,
Mr. President?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, Russell said he
was sorry that it took so long. But I think
it came out very well; the final results of
the bill was excellent. And we can already
start benefiting from the passage of it.
And they pledged to me that now they'll
turn their attention to the other two
major pieces of legislation-the energy
mobilization board and also the security
corporation-that will expedite the production of alternative supplies of energy.
So, I'm very pleased.
Thank you.
Q. Are you discouraged by the reports
out of Iran that the parliament won't
take up the hostage crisis now until summer?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I don't think
I'll hold a press conference now.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12:12 p.m. in
the Oval Office at the White House. The White
House transcript does not include the Senators'
remarks.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Message to the Congress Transmitting
Reorganization Plan No. I of 1980.
March 27, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am submitting herewith to the Congress Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980,
543
Mar. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
under authority vested in me by the Reorganization Act of 1977 (Chapter 9 of
Title 5 of the United States Code). The
Plan is designed to strengthen management of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to foster safety in all of the
agency's activities.
The need for more effective management of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been amply demonstrated over
the past year. The accident at Three Mile
Island one year ago revealed serious shortcomings in the agency's ability to respond
effectively during a crisis. The lessons
learned from that accident go beyond
crisis management, however. They provide
the impetus for improving the effectiveness of all aspects of the government regulation of nuclear energy.
In my statement of December 7, 1979,
I responded to the recommendations of
my Commission on the Accident at Three
Mile Island and set forth steps now being
taken to address those recommendations.
T stated that I would send to Congress a
Reorganization Plan to strengthen the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's ability to
regulate nuclear safety. I am submitting
that Plan today.
The Plan clarifies the duties of the
Chairman as principal executive officer.
In addition to directing the day-to-day
operations of the agency, the Chairman
would take charge of the Commission's
response to nuclear emergencies and, as
principal executive officer, would be
guided by Commission policy and subject
to Commission oversight.
MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS
Intensive investigations undertaken
since the Three Mile Island accident have
revealed management problems at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. These
problems must be rectified if the Commis
sion is to be a strong and effective safety
regulator.
-My Commission, called the Kemeny
Commission after its Chairman, Dr. John
Kemeny, concluded that the underlying
problem at Three Mile Island stemmed
not from deficient equipment but rather
from compounded human failures. This
included the inability of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to pursue its safety
mission effectively in view of its existing
management policies and practices. The
Kemeny Commission reported a lack of
"closure" in the system to ensure that
safety issues are raised, analyzed and resolved. Kemeny Commission-,members
also concluded that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission relies too heavily on
licensing, and pays insufficient attention
to ensuring the safety of plants once they
are in operation.
-During the course of its investigation,
the Kemeny Commission found serious
managerial problems at the top of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. It noted
that the Commissioners and the Chairman are unclear as to their respective
roles. Uncertain, diffuse leadership of this
kind leads to highly compartmentalized
offices that operate with little or no effective guidance and little coordination.
-A recently completed independent
study authorized and funded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission itself also
found serious fault with the Commission's
management and called for a major organizational overhaul. The report states
that there is no authoritative manager
but, instead, five equally responsible Commissioners who deal individually with
office directors who, in turn, head their
own "Independent fiefdoms."
-Likewise, a recent report of the General Accounting Office notes the failure
of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to
define either the authority of the Chair
544
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 2 7
man or that of the Executive Director for
Operations. The staff lacks policy guidance and top management leadership to
set priorities and resolve safety issues.
There are unreasonable delays in developing policies to guide the licensing and
enforcement activities of the agency.
The central theme in all three of these
studies is the failure of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to provide unified
leadership and consistent direction of the
agency's activities. The present statutes
contain conflicting and ambiguous provisions for managing the agency. Important corrective actions cannot or will
not be taken by the Commission until the
laws are changed. Failure to do so constitutes a continuing nuclear safety
hazard.
The present Reorganization Plan
would improve the effectiveness of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission by giving the Chairman the powers he needs to
ensure efficient and coherent management in a manner that preserves, in fact
enhances, the commission form of organization.
COMMISSION
Under the proposed Plan, the Commission would continue to be responsible for
policy formulation, rulemaking and adjudication as functions which should have
collegial deliberation. In addition, the
Commission would review and approve
proposals by the Chairman concerning
key management actions such as personnel decisions affecting top positions which
directly support Commission functions,
the annual budget, and major staff reorganizations. In carrying out its role, the
Commission would have the direct assistance of several Commission-level offices as well as the licensing board, the
appeal panel, and the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards. The Plan
would not alter the present arrangement
whereby the Commission, acting on majority vote, represents the ultimate authority of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and sets the framework within
which the Chairman is to operate.
CHAIRMAN
Under the Plan, the Chairman would
act as the principal executive officer and
spokesman for the Commission. To accomplish this, those functions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission not retained by the Commission would be
vested in the Chairman, who is currently
coequal with the Commissioners in all decisions and actions. The Chairman would
be authorized to make appointments, on
his own authority, to all positions not
specified for Commission approval and
would be responsible to the Commission
for assuring staff support by the operating offices in meeting the needs of the
Commission. The Executive Director for
Operations would report directly to and
receive his authority from the Chairman.
Heads of operating offices would also report to the Chairman or, by delegation,
to the Executive Director for Operations.
Office heads would also be authorized to
communicate directly with members of
the Commission whenever an office head
believed critical safety issues were not being addressed.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's
ability to respond decisively and responsibly to any nuclear emergency must
be fully ensured in advance. Experience
has shown that the Commission as a
whole cannot deal expeditiously with
emergencies or communicate in a clear,
unified voice to civil authorities or to the
public. But present law prevents the Com
545
Mar. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
mission from delegating its emergency authority to one of its members. The Plan
would correct this situation by specifically
authorizing the Chairman to act for the
Commission in an emergency. In order to
ensure flexibility, the Chairman would be
permitted to delegate his authority to
deal with a particular emergency to any
other Commissioner. Plans for dealing
with various contingencies would be approved by the Commission in advance.
The Commission would also receive a report from the Chairman or his designee
describing the management of the emergency once it was over.
ACTIONS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS PLAN
Not included in this Plan are two actions that I support in principle but that
need not or cannot be accomplished by
means of a Reorganization Plan. First the
Commission, as part of its implementation
of this reorganization, can and should
establish an internal entity to help oversee the performance of the agency as it
operates under the Chairman's direction.
This action does not require a Reorganization Plan. Second, I have consistently
favored funding assistance to intervenors
in regulatory proceedings. This is particularly important in the case of nuclear
safety regulation. I therefore encourage
the Commission to include consideration
of intervenor funding as part of its review
and upgrading of the licensing process, as
called for by the Kemeny Commission. I
have also requested Congress to appropriate funds for this purpose. This activity
cannot be authorized by a Reorganization
Plan.
NO ADDED COSTS
This proposed realignment and clarification of responsibilities would not re
sult in an increase or decrease of expenditures. But placing management responsibilities in the Chairman would result in
greater attention to developing and implementing nuclear safety policies and to
strict enforcement of the terms of licenses
granted by the Commission.
Each of the provisions of this proposed
reorganization would also accomplish one
or more of the purposes set forth in 5
U.S.C. 901 (a). No statutory functions
would be abolished by the Plan; rather
they would be consolidated or reassigned
in order to improve management, delivery
of services, execution of the law, and overall operational efficiency and effectiveness
of the Commission:
By Executive Order No. 12202, dated
March 18, 1980, I established a Nuclear
Safety Oversight Committee to advise me
of progress being made by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, the nuclear industry, and others in improving nuclear
safety. I am confident that the present Reorganization Plan, together with the other
steps that have been or are being taken
by this Administration and by others, will
greatly advance the goal of nuclear safety.
It would permit the Commission and the
American people to hold one individualthe Chairman-accountable for implementation of the Commission's policies
through effective management of the
Commission staff. Freed of management
and administrative details, the Commission could then concentrate on the purpose for which that collegial body was
created-to deliberate on the formulation
of policy and rules to govern nuclear safety
and to decide or oversee disposition of
individual cases.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 27, 1980.
546
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 27
REORGANIZATION PLAN No. 1 OF 1980
Prepared by the President and submitted to the
Senate and the House of Representatives in
Congress assembled March 27, 1980, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5
of the United States Code.
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
SECTION 1. (a) Those functions of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Commission",
concerned with:
(1) policy formulation;
(2) rulemaking, as defined in section
553 of title 5 of the United States
Code;
(3) adjudications, as defined in section
551 (6) and (7) of title 5 of the
United States Code;
shall remain vested in the Commission.
The performance of any portion of those
functions may be delegated by the Commission to a member of the Commission,
including the Chairman of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Chairman", and to the
staff through the Chairman.
(b) (1) With respect to the following
officers or successor officers duly established by statute or by the Commission;
the Chairman shall initiate the appointment, subject to the approval of the Commission; and the Chairman or a member
of the Commission may initiate an action
for removal, subject to the approval of
the Commission:
(i) Director of Nuclear Reactor
Regulation,
(ii) Director of Nuclear Material
Safety and Safeguards,
(iii) General Counsel,
(iv) Secretary of the Commission,
(v) Director of the Office of Policy
Evaluation,
(vi) Director of the Office of Inspector and Auditor,
(vii) Chairman, Vice-Chairman and
Members of the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Board Panel,
(viii) Chairman, Vice-Chairman and
Members of the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Appeal Panel.
(2) The Chairman shall also initiate
the appointment of the Members of the
Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards which shall take effect upon the
approval of the Commission. The provisions for appointment of the Chairman of
the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards and the term of the members shall
not be affected by the provisions of this
Reorganization Plan.
(c) The Commission shall act as provided by subsection 201 (a) (1) of the
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as
amended (43 U.S.C. 5841 (a) (1)) solely
in the direct performance of functions of
the Commission, described in subsections
(a) and (b) of this section, and only
when such functions have not been delegated pursuant to subsection (a) of this
section.
(d) Each member of the Commission
shall continue to appoint, remove and
supervise the personnel employed in his
or her immediate office.
SECTION 2. (a) All other functions of
the Commission, not specified by section
1 of this Reorganization Plan, are hereby
transferred to the Chairman. The Chairman, in the performance of such functions, shall be the principal executive officer and shall:
(1) exercise all of the executive and
administrative functions of the Commission, including the appointive
powers of the Chairman as provided by
this Plan and the supervision of per
547
Mar. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sonnel employed under the Commission;
(2) distribute business among such personnel and among administrative units
and offices of the Commission;
(3) determine the use and expenditure
of funds of the Commission; and
(4) prepare and submit to the Commission for its consideration and approval(i) proposals for the reorganization of the major offices within
the Commission;
(ii) the budget estimate for the
Commission; and
(iii) the proposed distribution of
appropriated funds according
to major programs and purposes.
The Chairman as principal executive
officer shall be governed by the general
policies of the Commission and by such
regulatory decisions, findings, and determinations, including those for reorganization proposals, budget revisions and
distribution of appropriated funds, as the
Commission may by law, including this
Plan, be authorized to make.
(b) The Chairman shall be responsible
for assuring that the staff under the
Chairman's direction is responsive to the
requirements of the Commission in the
performance of the functions continued
in the Commission by section 1 of this Reorganization Plan.
(c) There is hereby transferred to the
Chairman the function of appointing and
removing, without any further action by
the Commission, all officers and employees
under the Commission other than those
whose appointment and removal are specifically provided for by subsections 1 (b)
and (d) of this Reorganization Plan. In
exercising such function, the Chairman
shall consult with other members of the
Commission as the Chairman deems
appropriate.
(d) The Chairman shall delegate the
function of appointing, removing, and
supervising the staff of the following offices or successor offices to the respective
head of such offices: General Counsel,
Secretary of the Commission, Office of
Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector
and Auditor. The Chairman shall delegate the function of appointing, removing
and supervising the staff of the following
panels and committee to the respective
Chairman thereof: Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, Atomic Safety and
Licensing Appeal Panel and Advisory
Committee on Reactor Safeguards.
SECTION 3. (a) Notwithstanding section
1 of this Reorganization Plan, there are
hereby transferred to the Chairman all
the functions vested in the Commission
pertaining to an emergency at a particular facility or concerning materials
licensed or regulated by the Commission,
including the functions of declaring, responding, issuing orders, determining
specific policies, advising the civil authorities and the public, directing and coordinating actions relative to such emergency
incident.
(b) The Chairman may delegate the
authority to perform such emergency
functions, in whole or in part, to any of
the other members of the Commission.
Such authority may also be delegated or
redelegated, in whole or in part, to the
staff of the Commission.
(c) In acting under this section, the
Chairman, or other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b), shall conform to the policy
guidelines of the Commission. To the
maximum extent possible under the emergency conditions, the Chairman or other
member of the Commission delegated
548
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 27
authority under subsection (b) shall inform the Commission of actions taken
relative to the emergency.
(d) Following the conclusion of the
emergency, the Chairman, or the member
of the Commission delegated the emergency functions under subsection (b),
shall render a complete and timely report
to the Commission on the actions taken
during the emergency.
SECTION 4. (a) The Chairman may
make such delegations and provide for
such reporting as the Chairman deems
necessary. The head of any component
organization within the Commission may
communicate directly to the Commission,
or to any member of the Commission,
whenever in the view of such officer, a
critical problem of public health and
safety or common defense and security is
not being properly addressed.
(b) The Executive Director for Operations shall report to the Chairman and
shall be responsible for such functions as
the Chairman shall direct.
(c) The functions of the Directors of
Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear
Material Safety and Safeguards, and Nuclear Regulatory Research of reporting
directly to the Commission is hereby
transferred so that such officers report to
the Chairman, or as directed by the
Chairman. The function of receiving
such reports is hereby transferred from
the Commission to the Chairman.
(d) The heads of the Commission level
offices or successor offices, of General
Counsel, Secretary to the Commission,
Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor, the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Board Panel and Appeal
Panel, and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards shall continue to report
directly to the Commission and the Com
mission shall continue to receive such
reports.
SECTION 5. The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall take effect October 1, 1980, or at such earlier time or
times as the President shall specify, but
no sooner than the earliest time allowable
under section 905 of title 5 of the United
States Code.
Generalized System of Preferences
Executive Order 12204. March 27, 1980
AMENDING THE GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF
PREFERENCES
By virtue of the authority vested in me
by the Constitution and statutes of the
United States of America, including Title
V of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat.
2066, 19 U.S.C. 2461 et seq.), as
amended by Section 1111 of the Trade
Agreements Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 315),
Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974 (88
Stat. 2073, 19 U.S.C. 2483), and Section
503 (a) (2) (A) of the Trade Agreements
Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 251), and as President of the United States of America, in
order to modify, as provided by Section
504(c) of the Trade Act of 1974 (88 Stat.
2070, 19 U.S.C. 2464(c)), the limitations
on preferential treatment for eligible
articles from countries designated as
beneficiary developing countries, to adjust the original designation of eligible
articles taking into account information
and advice received in fulfillment of Sections 503(a) and 131-134 of the Trade
Act of 1974 (88 Stat. 2069, 19 U.S.C.
2463; 88 Stat. 1994, 19 U.S.C. 2151 et
seq.) and to modify the designations of
beneficiary developing countries in accord
with my notifications to the Congress of
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Mar. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
September 28, 1979, and March 3, 1980,
and in accord with technical changes in
the identification of certain beneficiary
developing countries, it is hereby ordered
as follows:
SECTION 1. In order to subdivide existing items for purposes of the Generalized
System of Preferences (GSP), the Tariff
Schedules of the United States (TSUS)
(19 U.S.C. 1202) are modified as provided in Annex I, attached hereto and
made a part hereof.
SEC. 2. Annex II of Executive Order
No. 11888 of November 24, 1975, as
amended, listing articles that are eligible
for benefits of the GSP when imported
from any designated beneficiary developing country, is amended by substituting
therefor the new Annex II attached
hereto and made a part hereof.
SEC. 3. Annex III of Executive Order
No. 11888, as amended, listing articles
that are eligible for benefits of the GSP
when imported from all designated beneficiary countries except those specified in
General Headnote 3 (c) (iii) of the TSUS,
is amended by substituting therefor the
new Annex III, attached hereto and
made a part hereof.
SEC. 4. General Headnote 3(c) (iii)
of the TSUS, listing articles that are
eligible for benefits of the GSP except
when imported from the beneficiary countries listed opposite those articles, is
amended by substituting therefor the
General Headnote 3(c) (iii) set forth in
Annex IV, attached hereto and made a
part hereof.
SEC. 5. General Headnote 3(c) (i) of
the TSUS is modified(a) by deleting from the list therein
of independent countries designated as
beneficiary developing countries for
purposes of the GSP "Afghanistan", in
order to withdraw from Afghanistan the
status of a beneficiary of the GSP,
(b) by deleting from the same list,
"Ethiopia", in order to withdraw from
Ethiopia the status of a beneficiary of
the GSP.
(c) by adding, in alphabetical order, to
that list of independent countries "Ecuador". "Indonesia", "Uganda", and
"Venezuela", and to the list of designated
nonindependent countries and territories
"Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) ", in
order to designate these same countries as
beneficiaries of the GSP, and
(d) (i) by deleting from the list of
designated beneficiary nonindependent
countries and territories "Dominica",
"Gilbert Islands", "Saint Lucia", "Saint
Vincent", and "Tuvalu", and
(ii) by adding, in alphabetical order,
"Dominica", "Kiribati", "Saint Lucia",
"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", and
"Tuvalu" to the list of designated independent countries.
SEC. 6. General Headnote 3 (d) (i) of
the TSUS is modified(a) by deleting from the list of
least developed developing countries
(LDDC's) "Afghanistan",
(b) by deleting from the same list
"Ethiopia",
(c) by adding, in alphabetical order,
"Uganda" to that list.
SEC. 7. In order to provide staged reductions in the rates of duty for those new
TSUS items created by Annex I to this
Order, Annex III to Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, is
amended by Annex V to this Order, attached hereto and made a part hereof.
SEC. 8. In order to provide special treatment for the least developed developing
countries (LDDC's) with regard to TSUS
items 727.11 and 727.12, Annex IV of
Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, is amended by Annex VI to
this Order, attached hereto and made a
part hereof.
550
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 27
SEC. 9. Whenever the column 1 rate of
duty in the TSUS for any item specified
in Annex I to this Order is reduced to the
same level as the corresponding rate of
duty inserted in the column entitled
"LDDC" by Annexes I or VI of this
Order, the rate of duty in the column entitled "LDDC" for such item shall be
deleted from the TSUS.
SEC. 10. Annexes III and IV of Presidential Proclamation 4707 of December 13, 1979, are superseded to the extent
inconsistent with this Order.
SEC. 11. Effective March 31, 1981, Annex II to Executive Order No. 11888, as
amended, is further amended by adding,
in numerical sequence, the following
TSUS item numbers, created by section
(B) of Annex I of this Order: 740.11,
740.12, 740.13, 740.14, and 740.15. Also
effective March 31, 1981, Annex III to
Executive Order No. 11888, as amended,
is further amended by deleting current
TSUS item 740.10.
SEC. 12. The modifications to the TSUS
made by Annex I of this Order shall be
effective with respect to articles entered,
or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on and after the effective dates
specified therein.
SEC. 13. The amendments made by
Annexes II, III, and IV of this Order, and
the modifications made to General Headnotes 3(c) (i) and 3(d) (i) of the TSUS
by sections 5(c) and 5(d) and section
6(c), of this Order, respectively, shall be
effective with respect to articles both:
(1) imported on and after January 1,
1976, and (2) entered, or withdrawn from
warehouse for consumption, on and after
March 30, 1980.
SEC. 14. (a) The amendments made by
Sections 5 (a) and 6 (a) of this Order shall
be effective on May 2, 1980.
(b) The amendments made by Sections 5 (b) and 6(b) of this Order shall be
effective on the date of publication of this
Order in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
SEC. 15. The amendments made by
Annexes V and VI of this Order shall be
effective on March 30, 1980.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
March 27, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12:33 p.m., March 27, 1980]
NOTE: The annexes are printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of March 28, 1980.
The Cyprus Conflict
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. March 27, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:)
In accordance with the provisions of
Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the
following report on progress made during
the past 60 days toward the conclusion of
a negotiated solution of the Cyprus problem.
Unfortunately, the intercommunal
talks remain in recess. I am, however,
hopeful that the recent intensive effort of
the Secretary General of the United Nations will bring both parties on Cyprus
back to the negotiating table. Through
his representatives on Cyprus, Secretary
General Waldheim has suggested a specific format under which both sides might
be able to resume talks. While there has
not yet been agreement on the suggested
format, I believe the Secretary General
has proposed a reasonable program that
will enable the two sides to begin to discuss their concerns and to face the issues
of substance that divide the island.
The Foreign Minister of Cyprus was in
Washington, February 5-7 for meetings
551
Mar. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
with Secretary Vance and other State
Department officials. In these discussions,
we made clear our continuing support for
Secretary General Waldheim's efforts to
resume the intercommunal talks. We told
the Foreign Minister that we believe both
sides to the Cyprus dispute should concentrate on issues where there is some
measure of agreement and begin to build
a settlement on that common ground.
For years, the people of Cyprus have
been unable to reach a political accommodation that satisfies both communities.
The Secretary General of the United Nations is offering them a way to sit down
together and search for understanding.
Achieving a settlement at the negotiating
table will not be easy. But achieving a settlement will be impossible unless both
sides are willing to engage in meaningful
discussions. The United States is firmly
committed to the early resumption of the
intercommunal talks and will continue to
support the Secretary General's efforts.
We are convinced that only face-to-face
negotiations between the communities
will lead to a just and lasting peace.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Frank
Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
National Conference of State
Legislatures
Remarks at the Advisory Conference.
March 28, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Speaker pro-tem Dick
Hodes, Senator Ross Doyen, legislative
leaders from around the country:
And particularly my good friend Al
Holloway, the president pro-tem of the
Georgia Senate and my former floor leader when I was Governor-he got me in
a lot of trouble and got me out of a lot
of trouble during the 4-year period. Al,
I'm glad to see you again.
Before I begin my prepared remarks,
I would like to make an announcement
and a comment.
As you know, we have had voluntary
wage and price restraints or guidelines
in place for a year and a half. They've
done a much better job than has generally been recognized. Last year for instance, wage increases went up about 4
or 5 percent less than the inflation rate,
as a matter of fact less than was the case
in 1978. Most major U.S. corporations
have also pledged their cooperation with
the voluntary price restraints.
Several large firms that received notices from the Council on Wage and
Price Stability that they were out of compliance took immediate action to reduce
their prices in order to comply with the
price standards. Among them was Sears
Roebuck, who reduced prices in the whole
catalog and even gave refunds to people
in their open stores. And Warner-Lambert was another, Faberge was another
one. And other companies have cut their
prices to come into compliance even before they received notices from us that
their prices exceeded the guidelines.
Among them were Alcoa Aluminum
Company of America, the Greybor Electric Company, Scott Paper Company, and
others.
But I was disappointed today to learn
from Bob Russell, the Director of the
Council on Wage and Price Stability, that
one major oil company, Mobil, has refused to take corrective action to bring
their own prices into compliance with the
price guidelines. Mobil's overcharges to
their customers in the third quarter of
this past year exceeded $45 million. They
were asked to bring corrective action by
552
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 28
reducing their prices now in order to return on future sales what they have overcharged in the past. But so far, including
this morning, they have refused to cooperate and to meet those price standards.
It's difficult for me to understand Mobil's position at a time when most business firms are acting responsibly to observe the price standards that are so
important to our Nation. The Council
on Wage and Price Stability currently is
looking into compliance with other companies, including several other oil companies. It's only fair to the American consumer and to those businesses who are
acting responsibly for the public to know
about companies who refuse to cooperate
in this taking of reasonable action to comply with the volunteer standards.
I come before you today, responsible
leaders of our country, at a time of great
challenge not only for our own Nation
but, indeed, for the entire free world.
Abroad, among other challenges I have to
face personally along with you as American citizens-turmoil in Iran, aggression
in Afghanistan, and many other issues that
are important to all our people-while
our resolve is firm, we must act carefully
and we must act in concert with other
nations. At home we face the great challenge of inflation, fueled by excessive dependence on imported or foreign oil. But
here at home we are free to act as America needs us to act, and we must choose
to act for America now. We have to make
hard choices, as individuals and as governments, and as a nation. Our future
security literally depends upon the implementation and the observance of discipline on ourselves now.
In the last 10 years we've had a series
of economic shocks that have indeed disturbed the entire world. Oil prices have
increased more than 1,000 percent. American oil imports have been multiplied 20
times over. In the past single year, 1 year,
oil prices have increased more than they
have since oil was first discovered. Americans this year will pay more than $80
billion to foreign countries for imported
oil. $80 billion is hard to understand, but
that amounts to more than $1,500 on the
average for every single family in the
United States, money that we could now
not use to increase American productivity, to provide jobs, to reduce American
taxes, to reduce inflation. And energy, as
you know, permeates our economic society. It affects the cost of everything we
buy, everything we produce, everything
we build, everything we transport.
Inflation is certainly not limited to this
country. Every industrial country is suffering, and some of the developing countries are suffering even more. The wholesale price index for the latest month, for
instance, in Japan was up 27 percent. In
West Germany it was up 20 percent. In
Great Britain, 18 percent. In Italy, 46 percent. This knowledge that other nations
share this problem does not make it any
easier for us, but it emphasizes the importance to us not only to take action to benefit our own country but to set an example
for the rest of the world to emulate.
Our country is in a better position to
deal with inflation than are most others.
We have more than one-sixth of all the
world's energy reserves in a widely diverse
way. Our land produces bountiful crops
beyond the dreams of most nations. We
are blessed with great underlying strengths
economically and socially and politically
that let us tap the great opportunities of
a free people in a free enterprise system.
But sometimes in the past we have been so
strong and so confident that we thought
that those very strengths could make us
immune from restraints on our lives,
problems like energy shortages, problems
like high inflation, that often we have seen
beset other nations when we ourselves
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Mar. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
were fortunate enough not to be so severely affected.
We are fortunate still, but we are not
immune. We must face reality, and we
must regain control of our own destiny.
Two weeks ago I put forward a tough
program to combat inflation in this country. I took the difficult step of imposing a
conservation fee on imported oil. We must
reduce imported oil. The action I took
will save us 100,000 barrels per day the
first year, at the end of the first year, and
after 2 or 3 years, 250,000 to 300,000 barrels per day of oil will be saved.
I also used my authority under the
Credit Control Act of 1969 to put restraints on credit. Revolving credit, often
used by individual citizens of our country,
has increased in 2 years more than 225
percent, more than tripled. This is the
first time a President has ever invoked this
authority, and I did that because we absolutely must discourage unnecessary borrowing and encourage saving.
Americans now save about 3 percent of
what we earn, the lowest level of savings
in more than 30 years. Other countries
save as much as 25 percent of the earnings
of the individual citizens. Next Monday
I will present to the Congress a balanced
budget, the first time in 12 years. We've
only had one balanced budget in the last
20 years.
But my responsibility does not end
there. All of us must fight to make sure
this budget and your budgets stay balanced. We who serve in the government,
at whatever level, must set an example
for the rest of the country by proving
that we can enforce self-discipline on
ourselves.
I want to acknowledge your own sustained and continuing support. I know
you've been long voicing your concerns
about fiscal responsibility, not only for
States but for local and the Federal Gov
ernment as well. We know from hard experience that the closer we come to balancing budgets the greater the pressures
and the temptations to abandon that goal.
We must not be moved, and together we
will not be moved.
For Fiscal Year 1981, beginning in October of this year, we will have a balanced
budget for the Government of the United
States of America, and you can depend
on that.
Federal budget reductions must be approved without delay, but at the same
time I intend to consult very closely with
State and local government leaders to
consider three things. First of all, which
levels of government are best suited and
best equipped to carry out particular
functions. This needs to have a reassessment. I need you to help me with it. Second, how can we possibly consolidate
categorical programs aimed at reducing
administrative and overhead costs and
therefore costing less money for the same
services, while we continue to meet our
responsibilities to provide equitable service and protection for those within our
society who are most vulnerable and who
need protection most? And third, how can
we consider the fiscal and the economic
impact which is often imposed on State
and local government-in the past at
least, without consultation with you-in
carrying out new or existing or proposed
Federal programs?
In hammering out a balanced Federal
budget, I have made three commitments
to our Nation: first, to ensure fairness;
second, to protect the most distressed or
needy Americans; and third, to preserve
our Nation's security. I intend to keep
those commitments, and I also intend to
keep my commitment to control inflation.
Most of you have lived with balanced
budgets throughout your careers in public life. I had the same experience as a
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 28
State senator-I was on the appropriations committee-and later as the Governor of our State. State constitutions, many
of them, prohibit deficit spending. Georgia can only have deficit spending if the
State is being invaded, and as long as Alabama behaves themselves, we'll keep the
budget balanced in Georgia. [Laughter]
You know how difficult that can be
when so many dedicated, responsible people, benevolent interest groups, come to
you and push worthwhile projects or ideas
or proposals that you just cannot afford.
And you know what it is to say no when
its so much easier politically to say yes.
Well, we just cannot afford to play
politics with our Nation's economy or our
Nation's currency. We can't both pound
the table for restraint on the one hand
and make politically expedient promises
on the other, because America cannot afford it.
The people want us to be strong. Inflation hurts everyone-the housewife, the
wage earner, the student, the home buyers, the homebuilders. Small business and
farmers are particularly vulnerable to the
wage-price spiral and to very high credit
terms. Lower income people will be hurt
some by budget cuts. But the people who
suffer most from inflation now are those
very same people, the ones who have very
low incomes, who are not, quite often,
very well educated, who are not mobile,
who can't shop around for bargains, who
never buy anything wholesale, who live
on fixed incomes, and who are timid and
fearful because their economic status is
not secure.
Inflation is the cruelest and most regressive of all taxes, and that's a tax that
I'm determined to cut this year, in 1980.
We are making distinctions with a scalpel,
not a meat-axe, between functions that
the government absolutely must continue
to perform at both the Federal and local
levels, and programs and services that
may be desirable but simply must be reduced or deferred or canceled.
We are not abandoning our urban policy, local revenue sharing, Urban Development Action Grants, mass transit, summer job programs. We are not abandoning the helpless. We're making adequate
but prudent, intelligent, careful reductions and deferrals, tightening the belt
where it will hurt the people about whom
we are most concerned the least. This does
not mean the cities will be exempt. It does
not mean that social programs will be
exempt from the cuts. We are trimming
social services with minimum adverse
effect to the poor.
Our youth employment initiative will
go forward. We are not cutting back on
social security. We are not cutting back
on Medicare or aid to dependent children
or the 25-percent increase in subsidized
Federal housing, because the housing industry particularly needs help right now.
We have done our best to protect those
key programs, but we will have to do
something on many programs, which is
not pleasant and which it would be easy
to try to avoid.
I wish I could promise you quick results, but inflation has been building up
now for more than 10 years. The average
inflation rate for the last 10 years has
been more than 8 percent. It will not go
away overnight or in a few days or a few
weeks. As you know, the consumer price
index will continue to register the large
increases that must be passed through
now from the extraordinary increases in
energy and home financing costs for the
next few months.
You know as well as I do that there are
no quick or easy answers, no painless corrective actions. Mandatory wage and
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Mar. 28
Mar. 28Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
price controls pretend to be all three of
those, but in fact they are none of the
above. I do not have wage and price control authority. I do not want wage and
price control authority, and the Congr-ess
is not about to pass legislation to give any
President mandatory wage and price control authority. Such controls would require a massive Federal bureaucracy and
massive dislocations in our economy. It
would put a terrible squeeze on working
families, whose wages likely would be
frozen, who would be faced with uncontrollable price increases in food, in imported oil, and other necessities of life
which could not be controlled in price
under any reasonable proposal.
Controls would not even do a good job
in temporarily hiding the symptoms of inflation and would certainly do no-thing to
address the causes of inflation. Indeed,
they would very likely become a substitute, a false substitute, for taking corrective action, which might prevent taking
that corrective action which is needed.
Controls, mandatory controls, are not a
solution to inflation. They are an evasion
of responsibility to cure inflation.
The actions I'm taking to balance the
budget and cut down on excessive consumer financing are very serious. They
are designed to dampen the dangerous
expectation that inflation will continue
indefinitely, that government will continue to spend more than it takes in, and
that there will be an atmosphere of irresponsibility prevailing in the fiscal life of
our economy. That psychology of inflation
has convinced far too many Americans
that a dollar borrowed is a dollar earned.
It has encouraged Americans to buy now
and pay later. It's rewarded speculators.
It has penalized savers, and I intend to
stop these trends.
One of the most important things to
remember today is that the time has
passed when the different branches of government or the different levels of government can shift responsibility back and
forth. The time has passed when one
branch or level of government can talk
about inflation and expect the other
branches of government to act, even in an
election year. This is no time for political
cowardice or demagoguery. We must
stand firm, we must resist political pressures, and we must tell the truth. We must
realize that there is no more a rich Uncle
Sam with a bottomless bag to hand out
goodies, but that Uncle Sam is all of us.
The time has come for us to act together,
not with a slogan or idol or false promises,
but with a courageous and consistent and
tenacious policy, and a common purpose.
When I send the balanced budget up to
Capitol Hill next week, Americans will
need your help. You and I, every one of
us right here in this room today, must
guide this Nation safely down from the
dangerous precipice of inflation. And together that's exactly what we are going
to do.
I'd like to close my remarks by quoting
a thought from our first President, George
Washington. His words are as relevant
today as they were when he spoke them
almost 200 years ago. He said, "If to
please the people we offer what we ourselves disapprove, how can we afterwards
defend our work? Let us raise a standard," he said, "to which the wise and the
honest can now repair." That is a philosophy that has always stood our Nation
in good stead when we faced difficult
questions, serious problems, or apparently insurmountable obstacles. A unified
America has never failed,3 and the problems that we face now are much less than
many that we have faced in our own lifetimes and certainly in the history of our
own great country. I hope that in facing
this problem of inflation that you will join
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 28
with me as partners and make, as I often
say, the greatest nation on Earth even
greater in the future.
Thank you very much.
I didn't know before Dick announced
it that I was going to take questions, but
I'll be glad to take a couple if you don't
mind. Yes?
Q. Mr. President, I'm a Carter/Mondale supporter, and I followed what Congress apparently is going to cut. It's not
certain at all what your proposals are
going to be, because the specifics are not
before us now. What I would like to say
is, as one of your supporters, I think it
would be tragic if the poor are asked to
bear a further burden in this war on inflation. They're drafting the wrong people, and I hope that no social programs
are cut. I'm sure that they're not all perfect, but to start talking about day care
centers and fuel assistance programs and
CETA programs and food stamp programs and nutritional programs is, as I
say, drafting the wrong people. And I
hope that you will resist any congressional
attempts to do that, and I sincerely and
respectfully hope that your own budget
does not make those cuts.
THE PRESIDENT. Some of those programs will be cut. We have worked for
the last month with the leadership in the
House and Senate, encompassing a broad
range in the political and economic spectrum of the Congress, including the
authors of many of those programs that
you described. I would say that the proposals that have already been revealed to
the leaders in the budget committees of
both the House and Senate are well understood by them. And we will present the
final revised '81 budget to the Congress on
Monday.
We have worked literally around the
clock to get this done. I have consulted
personally with more than 300 Members
of the House of Representatives, with the
subcommittee chairmen of the House and
Senate Appropriations Committee, with
the key leaders, Democrats and Republicans, in both Houses, with the leaders in
the budget committees, and also with interest groups, Governors, mayors, members of your own organization, in the
State legislatures and constituency groups,
homebuilders, and others.
We have had to revise about 14,000
line item entries in the '81 budget. And
as you know, when I present the budget
to the Congress, it can't be just hazy concepts or approximate answers; it has to
be down, balanced to the nearest penny.
And that document will be presented to
the Congress on Monday.
Some of the programs you described
will be cut. But as I said, we have tried as
best we could-successfully, I believe-to
protect those who are most needy in our
society. And we've done it not with a
meat-axe, but with a scalpel. I think you'll
be pleased when you see the results.
Q. Mr. President, given your understandable and appropriate call for discipline, and given the fact that we in New
Jersey-and I am a Carter supportersince '76 have had budget and spending
limitation attacks all across the country.
Given what you've just said about a meat
cleaver approach, is it fair as we see one
set of proposed cuts, but only $875 million is being cut in administration overhead, and yet $1,700,000,000 in State
revenue sharing is being meat-axed out of
the budget?
THE PRESIDENT. The administrative
cuts are more than you describe, because
they are scattered throughout the government. For instance, we are putting on
a freeze in Federal Government hiring for
3 months. We will cut back 20,000 personnel who are employed by the Federal
Government between now and October
557
Mar. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of this year. The State revenue sharing
funds have been incised from the budget
by us, in a delicate way. [Laughter] And
we will advocate that part of those funds,
particularly those that were passed
through formally to the local governments, will be retained and targeted specifically on the communities that are most
in need.
I might also say that we have tried to
modify the other programs, for instance,
in credit restraints, to protect those that
add most to our own economy and who
can honestly say they've been affected
most adversely. The homebuilding industry has been protected as much as possible.
Credit restraints are not being imposed on
people who are buying homes and automobiles. And we are trying to exclude the
impact of those credit restraints on small
businesses and on farmers, because they
are highly vulnerable to those changes.
And as you well know, we have had
some substantial reaction in the marketplace. The dollar has strengthened tremendously. Gold has dropped. Silver
dropped because of this and other
reasons, as you know, and I think now
the market has fairly well stabilized-at
least it is today. You can't control what
happens in those international markets,
but they have been highly approving of
the action that we've taken. It's going to
be a steady, consistent, and persistent
effort.
I will not consider, by the way, any
reduction in taxes until after I am convinced that the 1981 budget will be balanced. The breadth of the program is far
beyond the balancing of the budget. But
I don't think any program would have
been credible, no matter how far-reaching
it might have been, had we not exercised
self-discipline on ourselves in balancing
the Federal budget. It's a symbolic thing,
but it's also a substantive thing to do it.
When I was running for Presidentthank you for your support,- both of youin 1976 we had a deficit of more than $66
billion, which was about 4Y/2 percent of
our gross national product. Even with
our original '81 budget we had cut that
4%2 percent down to six-tenths of 1 percent deficit as a percentage of the G.N.P.
And now, of course, we'll have a zero deficit. This will mean that the Federal Government will not be borrowing any appreciable amount of money after April 15,
this year, and we will not be borrowing
any new money throughout the fiscal year
1981. We will remove a lot of pressure or
competition in the credit markets, which
will make it easier for other borrowers to
get the limited funds which will be
available.
We expect substantial reductions, in
the near future, we hope, in interest rates
and inflation rates-certainly, I hope, by
the end of this year. I would like to see
it done before the first week in November
if possible. [Laughter] And I think next
year we intend to see additional help. But
it's not pleasant to have cuts like this, and
I think the Congress has been extraordinarily courageous. Many of the proposals
were originated, I would say, by the Congress, but we've had a very close, perhaps
even an unprecedented degree of cooperation.
Maybe one more question.
Q. Mr. President, I guess I'd better
say I'm on the other side of the aisle.
THE PRESIDENT. Very good.
Q. I was curious, where you've talked
about using the scalpel approach.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. In the States, we've oftentimes had
the argument of States rights, that the
States should be handling a certain area.
What would be your attitude, were a
group like this to be able to reach a con
558
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 28
sensus opinion-the Federal role and the
Federal system-if we were to assume a
certain role, what would your attitude
be toward doing away with the program
area and all the rules and regulations that
are concomitant to that?
THE PRESIDENT. The three proposals
that I outlined earlier, that we are going
to address with the help of many of you
and with the representatives of Governors
and mayors and local officials, were proposed to me by Governor Busbee of Georgia after he consulted with other Governors. He pointed out, I think quite
accurately, that the Governors are not
overjoyed at the decision we made on
State revenue sharing, LEAA funds, and
others. But he thought that if we could
sit down during this year, knowing that
you can't change the definition of categorical grants and so forth as peremptorily as you can change the budget, and
address those three particular items: how
to define more advisedly the responsibility
of the Federal Government on the one
hand, the State Government on another,
and then the local governments, reassess
that whole program; how to redefine how
many of the programs that the Federal
Government puts on your shoulders and
on local governments' shoulders that require very large expenditures on your part
to administer the programs after they are
initiated, which you did not anticipatethis was a constant problem for me when
I was Governor-and third, again in a
very sensitive way, protecting the interests of those who might be affected adversely, to see which of the categorical
grant programs can be consolidated to
save on administrative cost and also to
make them be more effective in the delivery of services for the same allocation
of funds. Now, that's a sensitive issue because, as you know, many recipient groups
are very proud of the categorical grant
applying directly to them, and mayors are
much more cautious about consolidation
of programs than are State legislators and
Governors.
But I think the addressing of those
three basic issues, along with the more
rapid reductions in the 1981 budget, will
be beneficial to our country in the long
run.
I might say in closing that I'm very
grateful that you would let me come over
here. I enjoyed two terms in the Georgia
State Senate and learned a lot from it. I
enjoyed one term in the Georgia Governor's office and learned a lot from it. And
the last few months, I have thought a lot
more of those two original jobs that I
did sometimes during my political career.
[Laughter] Thank you very much for letting me be able to speak to you.
NOTE: The President at 1:30 p.m. in the
Colonial Room at the Mayflower Hotel. In his
opening remarks, he referred to State Speaker
pro-tem Richard S. Hodes of Florida, president-elect of the National Conference of State
Legislatures, and State Senator Ross Doyen of
Kansas, vice president of the National Conference.
1980 Summer Olympics in
Moscow
Memorandum on Prohibition of U.S.
Transactions With Respect to the Olympic
Games. March 28, 1980
Memorandum for the Secretary of Commerce
Subject: Prohibiting Transactions with
respect to the 1980 Summer Olympic
Games in Moscow
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
559
Mar. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the United States, including the Export
Administration Act of 1979, 50 U.S.C.A.
app. sec. 2401 et seq., and for the purpose
of carrying out my decision against any
United States participation in or aid to
the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in
Moscow, I hereby direct the Secretary
of Commerce, by appropriate regulations
and to the extent he deems appropriate
to carry out the purposes of this directive,
to prohibit the export to the U.S.S.R. directly or indirectly of any goods or technology by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States which are
in connection with such Games, and to
prohibit payments or transactions which
are in any way related to arrangements
involving or requiring such exports, where
such payments or transactions could provide financial support for such Games. I
am taking this action in the foreign policy
interests of the United States, and I hereby determine in accordance with the Export Administration Act of 1979 that the
absence of the export controls imposed
by this Order would be detrimental to the
foreign policy interests of the United
States and that reasonable efforts have
been made to achieve the purposes of such
controls through alternative means.
All powers and authorities conferred
upon me by the Export Administration
Act of 1979 to impose foreign policy controls are hereby delegated to the Secretary
of Commerce or any person, agency or
instrumentality designated by him to
carry out the purposes of this directive.
In carrying out his functions and responsibilities under this Order, the Secretary of Commerce shall consult, as appropriate, with other government agencies
and private persons.
JIMMY CARTER
1980 Summer Olympics in
Moscow
White House Statement on Prohibition of U.S.
Transactions With Respect to the Olympic
Games. March 28, 1980
The invasion of Afghanistan by the
Soviet Union and the continuing interference by the Soviet Union in the internal affairs of that country constitute an
unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy, and
economy of the United States. An overwhelming majority of the U.N. General
Assembly, including countries of varying
political and religious persuasions, economic strength, and geographical circumstance, have joined in a condemnation of
the Soviet Union's aggression.
In response to the Soviet action, the
President has taken certain national defense measures. He has also imposed a
number of restraints on normal economic,
cultural, and political exchanges with the
Soviet Union. These have included an
embargo on grain and other agricultural
products, an embargo on phosphate shipments, and the application of more rigorous restrictions on the export of high
technology and other strategic commodities.
With respect to the Moscow summer
Olympics, the President has announced
that neither he nor the American people
would support the participation in the
Olympics by the U.S. Olympic Team,
and he has urged U.S. businesses not to
participate in or contribute to the holding of the summer games in Moscow.
The President is now taking additional
steps to make clear the United States Government's firm opposition to participation
in the Moscow summer games. He has
560
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 28
today directed the Secretary of Commerce
to take the following actions:
1. To deny all pending validated license
applications for goods and technology to
be used in support of or in connection
with the summer Olympic games in
Moscow;
2. To revoke all outstanding export
licenses for Olympic-related exports that
have not already been shipped;
3. To impose validated license controls
on all exports not now requiring validated
licenses to be used in support of or in
association with the summer Olympic
games in Moscow. No such licenses shall
be granted;
4. To prohibit other transactions and
payments associated with all Olympicrelated exports. Among other transactions, the order will bar NBC from making any further payments or exports
under its contracts relating to the United
States television rights for the Olympic
games. (NBC has previously announced
that it would not exercise these rights if
no United States team took part in the
games.)
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the
statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing
Room at the White House.
ORT Centennial Day, 1980
Proclamation 4740. March 28, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The Organization for Rehabilitation
through Training was founded by Jews in
Czarist Russia on April 10, 1880, to give
technical instruction to Russian Jews and
allow them to enter the industrial workforce for the first time in their history. In
the course of the following century, the
Organization gradually expanded its
scope to include vocational training and
technical education for unskilled men and
women of many races and religions on
several continents.
On its 100th Anniversary, ORT is the
largest voluntary, nongovernmental job
training program in the world. By providing training in over 100 trades-including transportation, education, engineering, mining, agriculture, hygiene, public
health, and commerce-ORT has helped
more than two million people in their
efforts to overcome poverty.
The Organization has been a thread of
hope even under the harshest of circumstances. It continued to function in the
Warsaw ghetto until the very morning of
the 1943 uprising. Among its other proud
achievements, ORT can count the rehabilitation of survivors of Nazi persecution
in the DP camps of postwar Europe as
well as its recent collaboration with the
Agency for International Development on
programs to modernize Third World
countries during the Decade of Development.
Today, as ORT celebrates its centennial, its basic educational network extends to 24 countries and serves 100,000
students in 700 schools. It has helped to
lay foundations of individual pride and
self-sufficiency all over the world, and the
consistent quality of its performance has
been an inspiration and an indispensable
aid to progress.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
call upon all Americans to join me in observing April 10, 1980, as ORT Centennial Day.
561
Mar. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day
of March in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:32 p.m., March 28, 1980]
National Bicycling Day
Proclamation 4741. March 28, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Bicycling is finally breaking away in
this country, making racers and riders out
of a hundred million Americans.
Whether they are huffing up mountain
roads on vacation or commuting a few
miles to work every day, bicycle riders are
using their energy to save our energy,
while their pumping legs mean pumping
hearts and better health. One of the most
energy-efficient forms of transportation
known to man, bicycle riding is bound to
become even more popular in the energyconscious, health-conscious future.
The Congress, by joint resolution (H.J.
Res. 414), has authorized and requested
the President to designate the first day of
May, 1980, as National Bicycling Day.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby declare May 1, 1980, National
Bicycling Day.
I call upon the people of the United
States and interested groups and organizations to observe that day with appropriate ceremonies and events.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have here
unto set my hand this twenty-eighth day
of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:30 a.m., March 31, 1980]
Federal Trade Commission
Statement on Signing H.J. Res. 514 Into Law.
March 28, 1980
The failure over the last 3 years to provide the Federal Trade Commission with
an authorization has seriously disrupted
the important consumer protection and
antitrust activities of the agency and has
caused great uncertainty for its 1,700
employees.
I expect and hope that the HouseSenate conference, now meeting, would
complete its work on a new authorization
bill before this latest continuing resolution
expires. I reiterate the commitment that
I have previously made not to allow this
agency to be picked to pieces by special
interests and underscore my intention to
veto any bill which cripples the ability of
the FTC to protect the consumers of this
country.
NOTE: As enacted, H.J. Res. 514 is Public Law
96-219, approved March 28.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
562
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
March 22
The President met with members of the
National Security Council at Camp
David, Md.
March 23
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David.
March 24
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Ruben Bonilla, president of the
League of United Latin American
Citizens, and Lupe Saldana, chairman of the G.I. Forum;
-Mrs. Georgia Neese Clark Gray, of
Topeka, Kans.
The President participated in the presentation of the National Space Club's
Goddard Memorial Trophy to Robert A.
Frosch, Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration,
on behalf of the NASA Voyager Project
team.
March 25
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-members of the American Agricultural Editors' Association;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget.
The President attended a reception for
members of the Amalgamated Clothing
and Textile Workers union in the State
Dining Room at the White House.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration policies and programs
given for Members of Congress in the East
Room at the White House.
March 26
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-members of the Senate Appropriations Committee;
-Mr. Moore;
-Vice President Mondale, Stansfield
Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to
the President, and Dr. Brzezinski.
March 27
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Cabinet;
-Mr. Moore;
-representatives of the health care industry, to discuss medical care costs;
-Representative Robert W. Edgar of
Pennsylvania.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from California
in the East Room at the White House.
March 28
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Mr. Jordan, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
The President attended a reception for
members of the National Urban Coalition on the State Floor of the White
House.
The President transmitted to the Con
563
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
gress the 1978 annual report on Mine
Safety and Health Activities.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted March 24, 1980
JOHN S. MARTIN, JR., of New York, to be
United States Attorney for the Southern
District of New York for the term of 4 years,
vice Robert B. Fiske, Jr., term expired.
Submitted March 26, 1980
FRANCIS LEON JUNG, of Virginia, to be a member of the Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States for the term
expiring September 30, 1980 (new position-P.L. 96-209).
The following-named persons to be Members
of the Board of Directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences for the terms
indicated:
For terms expiring September 7, 1980
RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of
Florida, vice Robert F. Schmitt, term
expired.
S. EUGENE RUFF, of North Carolina, vice
Charles H. Pillard, term expired.
For a term expiring September 7, 1982
JOSEPH T. POWER, of Virginia (new
position).
WILLIAM F. FLOYD III, of Georgia (reappointment).
WARNER HOWE, of Tennessee (reappointment).
CHARLENE F. SIZEMORE, of West Virginia
(reappointment).
JEREMIAH THOMAS WALSH, of New York
(reappointment).
For a term expiring September 7, 1982
BLANCA G. CEDENO, of New York (reappointment).
For terms expiring September 7, 1983
RUDOLPH WILLIAM BRAMBERG, JR., of
Florida (reappointment).
S. EUGENE RUFF, of North Carolina (reappointment).
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted March 28, 1980
STEPHEN J. FRIEDMAN, of New York, to be a
member of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the remainder of the term expiring June 5, 1981, vice Roberta S. Karmel,
resigned.
JOHN DAVID HOLSCHUH, of Ohio, to be United
States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice a new position created by
P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
ANN ALDRICH, of Ohio, to be United States
District Judge for the Northern District of
Ohio, vice a new position created by P.L.
95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
GEORGE WASHINGTON WHITE, of Ohio, to be
United States District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, vice a new position
created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released March 24, 1980
Fact sheet: Goddard Memorial Trophy
Released March 25, 1980
News conference: on the Connecticut and New
York Democratic Party primaries-by Press
Secretary Jody Powell
Released March 27, 1980
Fact sheet: Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980
Released March 28, 1980
Announcement: nomination of John David
Holschuh to be United States District Judge
for the Southern District of Ohio
Announcement: nomination of George Washington White to be United States District
Judge for the Northern District of Ohio
Announcement: nomination of Ann Aldrich to
be United States District Judge for the
Northern District of Ohio
Announcement: memorial service for members
of the U.S. National Boxing Team killed in
Warsaw, Poland, on March 14
564
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released March 28-Continued
Transcript: White House statement on prohibition of U.S. transactions with respect to
the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow (as
read by Press Secretary Jody Powell)
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved March 24, 1980
S. 2225 --- —---------- Public Law 96-214
An act to provide that receipts from certain
sales of items by the Sergeant at Arms of the
Senate to Senators and committees and
offices of the Senate shall be credited to the
appropriation from which such items were
purchased.
Approved March 25, 1980
S. 1454 --- —----------- Public Law 96-2 15
An act to authorize the voluntary interservice
transfer of officers between the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration and the Armed
Forces, to authorize advance payments of
pay and allowances to officers of such corps
under the same conditions that apply to advance payments to members of the Armed
Forces, and to provide officers of such corps
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved March 25-Continued
the same unemployment compensation benefits that apply to members of the Armed
Forces.
Approved March 27, 1980
S. 1682 --- —----------- Public Law 96-216
An act to amend the Act of August 9, 1955
(69 Stat. 539) (25 U.S.C. 415), as amended,
to authorize a 99-year lease for the Moses
Allotment Numbered 10, Chelan County,
Washington.
S. 2222 --- —----------- Public Law 96-217
An act to extend the time for commencing
actions on behalf of an Indian tribe, band,
or group, or on behalf of an individual
Indian whose land is held in trust or restricted status.
Approved March 28, 1980
H.J. Res. 414 --- —------ Public Law 96-218
A joint resolution authorizing the President
to proclaim May 1, 1980, "National Bicycling Day".
H.J. Res. 514 --- —------ Public Law 96-219
A joint resolution making additional funds
available by transfer for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the Federal
Trade Commission.
H.R. 2782 --- —-------- Private Law 96-51
An act for the relief of John H. R. Berg.
H.R. 4013 --- —-------- Private Law 96-52
An act for the relief of Jozef S. Widerski.
565
Week Ending Friday, April 4, 1980
Special Panel for Employment
Discrimination Cases
Nomination of James E. Jones, Jr., To Be
Chairman. March 29, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate James E. Jones, Jr.,
of Madison, Wis., to be Chairman of the
Special Panel which was created by the
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 to resolve conflicts between the Merit Systems
Protection Board and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in employment discrimination cases.
Jones has been a professor of law and
industrial relations at the University of
Wisconsin since 1969.
He was born June 4, 1924, in Little
Rock, Ark. He received a B.A. from
Lincoln University in 1950, an M.A. from
the University of Illinois in 1951, and a
J.D. from the University of Wisconsin
School of Law in 1956.
From 1951 to 1953, Jones was an industrial relations analyst for the U.S.
Wage Stabilization Board. He was with
the U.S. Labor Department from 1956 to
1969, serving as a legislative attorney, as
counsel for labor relations, as Director of
the Office of Labor Management Policy
Development, and as Associate Solicitor
for the Division of Labor Relations and
Civil Rights.
Jones has been a professor of law and industrial relations at the University of
Wisconsin since 1969 and is considered an
expert in both civil service and civil rights
law. He has been on the staff of the Institute for Research on Poverty since 1970
and has been director of the Center for
Equal Employment and Affirmative Action at the University's Industrial Relations Research Institute since 1974. From
1971 to 1973, he was director of the Industrial Relations Research Institute.
Emergency Agricultural Credit
Adjustment Act Extension
Statement on Signing S. 2269 Into Law.
March 30, 1980
I am pleased to sign into law today S.
2269, to extend the economic emergency
loan program through September 1980
and to increase the capital available
under that program by $2 billion. The
Farmers Home Administration's economic emergency loan funds are now exhausted. The operating credit that
farmers need to plant their spring crops
is extremely tight. The need to renew and
extend this program is critical.
In a period of overall fiscal restraint
and economic sacrifice, it is important
that we not allow the economic viability
of our agricultural sector to be undermined. This measured response, in combination with the actions Secretary Bergland is taking to purchase wheat and feed
grains, will provide needed relief.
I have directed Secretary Bergland to
ensure that these loans are primarily used
to cover operating expenses and that they
go where credit is tightest and to those
farmers who need it most-in many cases,
567
Mar. 30
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
farmers who could not produce another
crop without this assistance.
I want to take this opportunity personally to thank Chairman Talmadge of
the Senate Agriculture Committee and
Chairman Foley of the House Agriculture
Committee for their dedicated leadership
in securing passage of this bill.
NOTE: As enacted, S. 2269 is Public Law 96 -220, approved March 30.
Budget Revisions
Remarks at the Message Signing Ceremony.
March 31, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. As I prepare to sign the
1981 budget revisions, I would like to say
that it's a very gratifying experience
for me.
Since we submitted the 1981 budgetwhich in itself was quite stringent, as
everyone has found who has attempted to
modify it downward-we were predicating our decisions then on the prospects for
a very early recession and some continued
moderation in the inflation rate. In the
last few weeks, though, not only in our
own Nation but throughout the world,
there has been an extraordinary increase
in the inflation rate, and the anticipated
recession has not materialized.
We've had unprecedented consultations
with the Members of the Congress, both
parties, obviously in the House and Senate, and with several hundred of them
who have come here for personal briefings
by me. There is a definite commitment, a
sense of not only determination but confidence that we will succeed in having a
balanced budget, with an appreciable surplus, as a matter of fact, for 1981.
This balance in the budget has been
brought about not by increasing revenues
or taxes, but by reductions in expendi
tures. This will be the first balanced
budget that our Nation has had in 12
years, and only the second balanced
budget in the last 20 years. Symbolically,
it's extremely important in our anti-inflation program, and tangibly it is also very
important, because it exercises self-discipline on the part of the Federal Government and it sets an example for the rest of
our country to emulate.
We've been very cautious in evolving
these reductions in expenditures to make
sure that they are broad in their scope,
that they do encompass all elements of the
budget, and are not concentrated on any
particular portion of the recipient groups.
They involve reductions in operating expenses, reductions in Federal overhead
and personnel, administrative costs. The
Defense Department is being required to
reduce their expenditures by a billion dollars to absorb some of the increased burdens put on them by the activities in the
China Sea and otherwise.
We have made sure that these cuts are
fair. We've dealt very closely with mayors,
with Governors, and with the leaders of
constituency groups in the last few weeks,
to make sure that there is an equitable reduction and, particularly, with care being
demonstrated by everyone that those who
are most in need in our economy are
treated with a special consideration. Although the poor and the deprived and
those living on fixed incomes suffer most
from inflation, we wanted to be very
care[ful] not to slash those programs that
deal so materially with the more unfortunate in our society.
We have a real fight ahead. It is not going to be an automatic thing that we succeed, but I'm absolutely determined that
we shall succeed. I will exercise my authority on rescissions and deferrals in the
1980 budget. I'll exercise my authority as
President to veto bills that I consider to be
568
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 31
a threat to a balanced budget. And I will
exercise my influence to ensure that the
Members of the Congress who've already
pledged their support will carry out those
pledges along with me.
There are no quick or easy answers to
the inflation pressures on us. A balanced
budget, in itself, is not adequate. The
broad range of anti-inflation efforts are
important, but I believe that our Nation
can succeed in controlling inflation in the
months ahead. It's important for the credibility of our entire anti-inflation effort for
the budget to be balanced. And I'm extremely grateful to the members of the
administration who are assembled here
behind me, and to the leaders in the
Congress who have worked so hard to cooperate with us on this series of reductions
which would give us a balanced budget for
1981.
This document will be transmitted to
the Majority Leader and to the Vice President and to the Speaker of the House today. And I'm glad now to sign it officially,
as President, with the full expectation it'll
help us with our anti-inflation effort.
[At this point, the President signed the copies of
the message.]
Jim, would you like to add a word?
MR. MCINTYRE. Mr. President, I'd like
to thank my staff and the cooperation
we've received from the Cabinet in making this exercise possible. It's tough to cut
any budget-particularly after you have
gone through a budget season, to just
move right into another one is very tough
on all of us in the administration. But
there was tremendous cooperation and a
tremendous amount of spirit from the administration in putting this budget together.
THE PRESIDENT. Jim, I thank you. Bill,
would you like to say a word?
SECRETARY MILLER. Mr. President, this
has been a very important milestone in the
fight against inflation. I think the points
you've made need to be emphasized, particularly the point that there was such intense consultation with Congress. I think
that gives assurance that this will not just
be a proposal from the President but will
achieve something that's eluded Presidents
and Congresses for quite a while. I personally want to commend you for your
leadership in making this possible.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, everybody has
worked very hard on this revision. I think
that by far the most outstanding work has
been done by OMB, who had to deal with,
in effect, three budgets simultaneously:
the early stages of the 1982 budget, the
present stages of the '80 budget with rescissions and deferrals, and obviously with
the 1981 budget, which I've just signed,
as revised.
Jim, I want to thank you for the good
work you've done not only within the
Office of Management and Budget but
also with the Congress, on the Hill; and
Bill, the Treasury; and my other economic advisers, I think you've done a
good job.
MR. MCINTYRE. Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. Good luck to you.
SECRETARY MILLEr. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, again.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House.
Budget Revisions
Message to the Congress Transmitting
Revisions to the Fiscal Year 1981 Budget.
March 31, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
During the first two months of the year,
inflation took another sharp upward leap,
both in the United States and abroad.
569
Mar. 31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Actual prices and interest rates worsened,
along with expectations about future inflation. Continued price increases of the
size we have experienced would do grave
harm to American society and the American economy.
OPEC's December oil price discussions
in Caracas proved inconclusive, and
world oil price increases were far beyond
expectations. But inflation outside of the
energy sector also rose. The American
economy continued to be unexpectedly
strong. Consumer demand and business
investment remained at higher levels than
predicted. Since the Federal Reserve continued, correctly, to restrict the growth of
the money supply, the surge in inflation
and credit demands produced a sharp upward spiral in interest rates.
To reverse these dangerous trends, I
announced a five-point anti-inflation program. This program consists of spending
cuts necessary to balance the budget for
1981, additional restraints on credit, wage
and price actions, further energy conservation measures, and structural changes
to enhance productivity, savings, and research and development.
These measures are interrelated and
interdependent. Taken together, they will
be more than the sum of their parts. They
will not reduce inflation immediately, but
together they will produce a significant decline in inflation as the year progresses.
At the center of this policy is my decision to cut Federal spending so as to
balance the 1981 budget. In January, I
submitted to the Congress a budget for
1981 that provided for substantial restraints on Federal spending and the lowest deficit in 7 years. After adjustment for
inflation, the 1981 spending level was virtually level with that for 1980. It was a
budget that followed in every respect the
policies of restraint I have set during the
past three years. However, in view of the
continued high level of economic activity,
and what has recently happened to inflation and interest rates, I have had to
consider new policies. I must now ask the
Congress and the American people to
support a revised budget that is even more
restrained and austere.
Let me first explain the extraordinary
way in which my budget reduction proposals have been developed.
The budget, as it is finally enacted,
is-as it should be under our Constitution-the joint product of the Congress
and the executive branch. Because of the
great importance we attach to reduced
spending, the leadership of the Congress
and I have done everything within our
power to reach general understandings in
advance on reduction proposals. I and
senior members of my Administration
met with Members of the Congress hour
after hour, literally day and night, in
order to reach consensus. The importance of cutting spending to achieve a balanced budget was never seriously in
dispute. But agreements on the approach
necessary to achieve this balance were not
easy to reach. They could be worked out
only through a lengthy and sometimes
tedious process of consultation.
The revision of the 1981 budget that
accompanies this message describes my
proposals for increased budget discipline.
The principal actions are:
-deferral, reduction, or cancellation
of most of the new and expanded programs originally proposed in the 1981
budget;
-a cut in expenditures for personnel,
operations, and maintenance throughout
the government;
-an immediate limitation on Federal
civilian employment, and rigid maintenance of employment ceilings to ensure
that there will be at least 20,000 fewer
570
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 31
Federal employees by the end of fiscal
year 1980 than there are now;
-a reduction in ongoing spending programs throughout the Federal Government;
-re-emphasis of the savings and revenue measures submitted in the January
budget, including hospital cost containment, Federal pay reform, and cash management reforms;
-defense efficiencies and savings that
do not affect military readiness and are
consistent with my continued commitment to real increases in defense spending;
-a 15% reduction in the use of consultants throughout the Federal establishment; and
-a freeze on basic salary increases for
senior executive branch officials and
members of the White House staff.
These budgetary decreases are being
supplemented by a series of actions taken
by the Federal Reserve to achieve greater
restraint on the expansion of credit in the
private sector. Some of these actions have
been taken under the authority granted
by the Credit Control Act of 1969. The
measures taken by the Federal Reserve
will help to reduce inflation by slowing
the growth of business loans and some
forms of consumer credit.
In addition to the actions of the Federal Reserve on private credit, the Administration will increase restraint of
Federal credit programs:
-Federal loan guarantees will be cut
by $4 billion in fiscal year 1981.
-My new system to control Federal
credit activities will be strengthened by
expanding significantly the amount of
Federal insurance and guarantee activity
subject to limits within the system.
I urge the Congress to include Federal
credit limitations in the concurrent
budget resolutions. These measures will
enable the Federal Government to control more effectively total lending and
loan guarantee activity.
As part of this anti-inflation program,
I have used my existing authorities to impose a gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. In the budget revisions, I am
proposing to replace this fee with an ad
valorem equivalent gasoline tax that, at
current prices, will yield 10 cents per gallon. I am also proposing the withholding
of taxes on interest and dividend payments at the source to ensure that Federal income taxes owed on those payments are in fact paid, and paid promptly.
The resulting receipts will not be used to
balance the 1981 budget. They will not be
used as a substitute for necessary spending cuts. Rather, these receipts will give
the budget, which will be balanced independently of these sources of income, a
margin of safety. This will ensure that
the budget will remain in balance if estimates change in a way that cannot be
predicted now.
REVISED BUDGET OUTLOOK
[In billions of dollars]
1979 1980 1981 1982
1983
Budget receipts....................... 465. 9 532. 4 628. 0 724. 8 837. 8
Budget outlays...................... 493. 7 568. 9 611. 5 683.3 759. 0
Surplus or deficit (-).......... -27. 7 -36. 5 16. 5 41. 5 78. 9
Budget authority..................... 556. 7 665. 8 691. 3 777. 3 849. 1
571
Mar. 3 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Success in reducing spending to achieve
a balanced budget will require prompt
action by the Congress. To achieve substantial outlay savings for 1981, the Congress must act before the fiscal year begins.
I particularly urge prompt and constructive action on rescissions of 1980 budget
authority, so as to produce outlay reductions at least equal to my proposals. I also
urge prompt enactment of proposals to
modify certain programs that now have
two automatic inflation adjustments a
year so that they conform to the normal
practice of annual adjustments.
I will do everything in my power to ensure that my budget proposals are realized.
I repeat that I intend to veto any legislation that threatens the spending reductions required for a balanced budget. I will
use the powers available to me to defer
spending or to rescind funds. If adequate
steps are not being taken by the Congress
to achieve the required fiscal restraint, I
intend to seek from the Congress a temporary grant of extraordinary budget restraint powers.
We are not alone in facing recent rapid
inflation at annual rates nearing 20%o.
Wholesale prices have been increasing at
annual rates in excess of 25% in Italy,
Great Britain, and Japan. Even in Germany increases have been over 13%.
Many other countries are responding as
we are, by reevaluating their budgets and
seeking reductions.
There are no quick or easy answers to
this worldwide inflation. It is deep-rooted,
the result of many forces built up over the
past decade and a half. No single measure-by itself-will stop inflation. My
five-point program to strengthen the fight
against inflation has as an essential element the spending reductions needed for
a balanced 1981 budget. Those who say
that we cannot stop inflation simply by
balancing the 1981 budget miss the point.
Balancing the budget is not a cure-all, but
it is an essential element in the more comprehensive program. I believe that no
overall anti-inflation program can work
until the Federal Government has demonstrated to the American people that it will
discipline its own spending and its own
borrowing-not just for one year or two,
but as a long-term policy.
JIMMY CARTER
March 31, 1980.
NOTE: The President's message is printed in the
report entitled "Fiscal Year 1981 Budget Revisions, March 1980" (Government Printing
Office, 81 pages).
Depository Institutions
Deregulation and Monetary
Control Act of 1980
Remarks on Signing H.R. 4986 Into Law.
March 31, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. This morning we are
assembled in the White House to take
action which will have far-reaching, beneficial effects on our Nation. Not only will
it help to control inflation, but it will also
strengthen our financial institutions, our
thrift institutions and commercial banks,
and in addition to that it will help small
savers and address more effectively the
relationship of the Federal Reserve System
with the banks throughout our Nation.
Let me begin with some commendations. I think Bill Miller deserves a great
deal of credit for having pursued this effort, even when the prospects for success
were very bleak, first of all as Chairman of
the Federal Reserve System, and later of
course as Secretary of the Treasury. We
have had good support in the Congress
572
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 3 1
from' Bill Proxmire, from Henry Reuss,
from Fred St Germain, who's here this
morning with us. And also, to make it nonpartisan, or bipartisan, I'm particularly
grateful that Bill Stanton, Jake Garn, and
many others have come this morning to
commemorate this historic event. As you
can well imagine, in legislation of this
breadth and importance, many others
played a crucial role, and I'm very grateful to all those who had a part. This is a
moment of great gratification to me and,
in addition, to the feeling of gratitude to
persons that I've just described.
Last spring we began to become more
and more concerned about the issues that
affected our Nation as inflation was beginning to build up and as the rate of savings
in our country was constantly dropping. I
recommended to the Congress a landmark
financial reform bill, which I will be signing in a few minutes into law. This is not
only a significant step in reducing inflation, but it's a major victory for savers, and
particularly for small savers. It's a progressive step for stronger financial institutions of all kinds. And it's another step in
a long but extremely important move toward deregulation by the Federal Government of the private enterprise system
of our country.
We've already had remarkable success
in deregulation in the airline industry,
this in financial institutions; we hope that
the Congress will soon pass the regulatory
reform act and that we can have success
in the deregulation of the rail industry,
trucking industry, and the communication
industry.
As you know, under existing law, which
this bill will change, our banks and savings institutions are hampered by a wide
range of outdated, unfair, and unworkable regulations. Especially unfair are
interest rate ceilings that prohibit small
savers from receiving a fair market return
on their deposits. It's a serious inequity
that favors rich investors over the average
savers. Today's legislation will gradually
eliminate these ceilings and allow,
through competition, higher rates for
savers. It provides an orderly transition
for institutions to develop new investment
powers.
Most significant of all, perhaps, it can
help improve our Nation's very low savings rate. Now not much more than 3
percent of earnings go into savings, perhaps the lowest rate in the last 30 years.
And of course, this small savings rate has
been a major factor in increased inflation. This encouragement of savings is
important not only to consumers but also
to financial institutions in the breadth of
our financial system.
The new law will permit institutions to
prevent or to overcome the previous wide
cyclical changes and swings and to develop a more stable deposit base. This can
help ensure steadier flow of credit for
productive uses, especially housing. It can
keep down financing costs and, again,
help defuse the pressing burden of
inflation.
This law assures the ability of a strong
and independent Federal Reserve to manage the Nation's monetary affairs by encouraging bank membership in the Federal Reserve System. And finally, this
law makes possible a broad range of new
services for consumers and makes major
progress toward giving savings institutions
the investment powers to pay fair and
competitive rates and to meet housing
credit needs. These services include interest-bearing checking accounts, automatic transfer services at commercial
banks, share drafts at credit unions, and
remote service units at thrift institutions.
Our financial system today, as you
know, is the envy of the entire world. The
continued strength and competitiveness
573
Mar. 31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of all sectors of this system, and indeed
the entire free enterprise system of our
Nation, is a high priority for my administration and for the Congress. In accordance with this new law, we will begin immediately the study of actions that
can ensure the continued vitality of our
thrift institutions and, in accordance with
the law, will make that report available
to the Congress later on this year.
We have accomplished some major
changes with strong congressional support. In the final analysis, it's the entire
American public who will benefit.
And now I'd like to sign into law this
remarkable and very far-reaching and
basic new bill that will accomplish these
benefits for the American people. And my
thanks again to all those who've had a
part in this effort.
[At this point, the President signed the bill.]
SECRETARY MILLER. Mr. President, this
is indeed landmark legislation, the most
important legislation dealing with banking and finance in nearly half a century.
Like most important legislative actions, it
has been the work of many people; it has
taken considerable time to forge a program of such breadth and scope and importance. And I must say that I have been
impressed in my 2 years in Washington
in dealing with this subject at the tremendous cooperation between the administration, the congressional leadership,
and the private sector in working out this
important new program.
This act, as the President has pointed
out, establishes the first time in our history a central bank for the entire Nation.
And it makes major reforms in improving the competitive environment and the
security arrangements and the services
which financial institutions can provide
for the public. It helps the institutions, it
strengthens our financial system, and it
favors all Americans and all consumers.
It is not the end of the road-because
there will be continuing needs-but it is
a modernization that prepares our economic system to deal with the issues of
the eighties and nineties, moving from the
sixties and seventies into the new world
we must deal with, in continuing to wage
the war against inflation.
I certainly want to express my appreciation to all those who worked with me
in making it possible, and I am most appreciative of the opportunity to be here
today.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Last May, and even a
few months ago, the prospects for successful passage of this act was very doubtful.
I think the teamwork that went into this
effort, by Bill Miller, Paul Volcker, and
others, is extremely significant. But I
would particularly like for the group, in
closing, to recognize the remarkable courage and tenacity and confidence that exemplified the work of the key Members of
Congress, who are assembled here on the
platform with me. Theirs is the gratitude
that we owe, and I want to let them know
how much we appreciate this remarkable
achievement.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:33 a.m. at
the signing ceremony in the East Room at the
White House.
As enacted, H.R. 4986 is Public Law 96-221,
approved March 31.
Death of Jesse Owens
Statement by the President. March 31, 1980
The news of the death of Jesse Owens
saddens our Nation. Perhaps no athlete
better symbolized the human struggle
against tyranny, poverty, and racial
bigotry.
His personal triumphs as a world-class
athlete and recordholder were the prelude
574
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Mar. 31
to a career devoted to helping others. His
work with youth athletics, as an unofficial
ambassador overseas and as a spokesman
for freedom, are a rich legacy to his fellow
Americans.
Rosalynn and I send our deepest condolences to his wife and children and to
the countless friends he made in a lifetime
of service.
Import Quota for
Upland Cotton
Proclamation 4742. March 31, 1980
ESTABLISHMENT OF A SPECIAL LIMITED
GLOBAL IMPORT QUOTA FOR UPLAND
COTTON
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
1. Section 103(f) (1) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, as added by section 602
of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
(91 Stat. 913, 934; 7 U.S.C. 1444(f) (1)),
provides that whenever the Secretary of
Agriculture determines that the average
price of Strict Low Middling one and onesixteenth inch cotton (mircroaire 3.5
through 4.9), hereinafter referred to as
"Strict Low Middling cotton," in the
designated spot markets for a month exceeded 130 per centum of the average
price of such quality of cotton in such
markets for the preceding thirty-six
months, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President shall immediately establish and proclaim a special
limited global import quota for upland
cotton. The amount of such quota is to
be equal to twenty-one days of domestic
mill consumption of upland cotton at the
seasonally adjusted average rate of the
most recent three months for which data
are available and is to remain in effect for
a ninety-day period.
2. The Secretary of Agriculture has informed me that he has determined that
the average price of Strict Low Middling
cotton in the designated spot markets for
the month of February 1980 has exceeded
130 per centum of the average price of
such cotton in such markets for the preceding 36 months. The Secretary's determination was based upon the following
data:
(a) The average price of Strict Low
Middling cotton in the designated spot
markets for the month of February 1980
was 80.66 cents per pound.
(b) The average price of Strict Low
Middling cotton in the designated spot
markets for the 36 months preceding the
month of February 1980 (February 1977
through January 1980) was 60.34 cents
per pound.
3. Twenty-one days of domestic mill
consumption of upland cotton, which is
any variety of the Gossypium hirsutum
species of cotton, at the seasonally adjusted rate of the most recent three months
for which data are available (November
1979-January 1980) is 244,030,605
pounds.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of
America, by the authority vested in me by
the Constitution and Statutes of the
United States of America, including section 103(f) (1) of the Agricultural Act
of 1949, as added by section 602 of the
Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, and
in order to establish a special ninety-day
limited global import quota for 244,030,605 pounds of upland cotton, do proclaim that Part 3 of the Appendix to the
Tariff Schedules of the United States is
hereby modified by inserting in numerical sequence the following temporary
provision:
575
Mar. 31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
"Item Article Quota quantity
955. 07 Notwithstanding any other quantitative limitations on the importation
of cotton, upland cotton, if accompanied by an original certificate of
an official of a government agency of the country in which the cotton
was produced attesting to the fact that cotton is a variety of the
Gossypium hirsutum species of cotton, may be entered during the
90-day period April 3, 1980 through July 2, 1980. 244,030,605
pounds".
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of
March, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:38 p.m., March 31, 1980]
American Hostages in Iran
Remarks to Reporters. April 1, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. As I'm sure you realize,
we have been seeking a positive development in Iran and have had in mind the
transfer of the American hostages from
control of the militants to the care and
protection of the Iranian Government. If
this action had not been taken, or is not
taken, we were considering additional
sanctions against Iran and had notified
the Iranian Government of that fact.
This morning, the President of Iran has
announced that the hostages' control
would be transferred to the Government
of Iran, which we consider to be a positive
step.
In light of that action, we do not consider it appropriate now to impose additional sanctions. We will monitor the
situation very closely. We would like to
see this positive development continue,
and our foremost consideration and our
constant effort will be devoted to the
hostages and their return to this country
and to freedom.
Q. Mr. President, are you now assured
that the hostages will, in fact, be transferred, and if so, when? Is that a factor in
your decision today?
THE PRESIDENT. We have no assurance
that this will be done except that the
President of Iran has announced that it
will be done.
Q. When do you think they'll be actually released and home and safe? And
will you meet the conditions that Iran has
laid down in terms of no involvement, no
conspiring, or whatever they are saying?
THE PRESIDENT. We do not consider it
necessary at this time to impose additional
sanctions, but that is always an option
open to us. The best assumption now is
that the President of Iran is speaking for
his government and that the hostages will
indeed be transferred to the care and the
protection of the government itself.
Q. Well, do you know when they'll be
actually released, I mean, brought home?
THE PRESIDENT. I presume that we will
know more about that as the circumstances develop. We do not know the exact
time schedule at this moment.
Q. Are we now willing to wait in this
posture until the parliament convenes and
takes up the hostage issue there?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we want the
576
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1
hostages to be released completely as soon
as possible. I think the only thing I can
say now is, based upon the statement of
the President of Iran, that the hostages
will be transferred to the care and protection of the Iranian Government. And
if that is carried out, then I see no reason
to impose additional sanctions against
Iran at this time.
We will assume that the President will
carry out the commitment that he has
made early this morning, and if that assumption is proven to be accurate, then I
do not intend to impose additional sanctions.
Q. Have you agreed to the conditions
set by Bani-Sadr-no hostile action by the
United States, no provocation and no
propaganda?
THE PRESIDENT. We will maintain the
present restraints on trade that have
already been imposed against Iran, including the holding of their assets in our country and the prohibition against any trade
with Iran. But I do not consider it appropriate at this time to impose additional
sanctions, since we have had, in response
to our earlier message, an answer from
the Government of Iran through their
President that the control and the protection and the care of the hostages will be
transferred from the militants to the government.
Q. What did you actually threaten,
and do you think that your threats were
the cause of the breakthrough?
THE PRESIDENT. I'm sorry?
Q. I said, what did you actually
threaten, and do you think that your
threats were the cause of the breakthrough?
THE PRESIDENT. We had decided to
impose additional sanctions, and this fact
was made known both to the public and
to the Government of Iran. This was
done about a week ago, and the Iranian
Government has considered the entire
situation, as have we. The President of
Iran has made a positive step by announcing that the control of the hostages and
their protection and care would be shifted
to the Iranian Government, and because
of that positive step, we do not intend to
carry out additional sanctions against
Iran at this time.
REPORTERS. Thank you, Mr. President.
NOTE: The President spoke at 7:20 a.m. in the
Oval Office at the White House.
Building and Construction Trades
Department, AFL-CIO
Remarks at the National Conference.
April 1, 1980
Thank you very much, President Bob
Georgine and my friends in the building
and construction trades.
I come to speak to you in a time of intense commitment on the part of all
Americans to resolve successfully the challenges that present themselves to us. I
was scheduled to be with you yesterday
afternoon, but we were required, because
of late developments in Iran, to have a
National Security Council meeting. And
then I met, following that, with the leaders of the House and Senate from the
Democratic and Republican parties.
As you know, the President of Iran announced early this morning that the
American hostages will be transferred
from the militants to the care and the
protection of the Iranian Government.
We have had good messages out of Iran
before. This action, if taken, will be a
positive step, and as the announced transfer takes place, we will defer imposing
additional sanctions which we had planned to take for the time being. We will
577
Apr. I
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
continue the existing sanctions that have
already been in effect against Iran.
We will continue to work for the earliest possible release of the innocent American hostages. And this afternoon, I would
like to set the record straight on one issue.
No one in the Government of the United
States has apologized to anyone in the
Government of Iran because-[applause]-and the reason is that we have
nothing for which to apologize. And
another point I'd like to make, to set the
record straight: We have not condoned
nor expressed any understanding of or approval of the seizure by the militants of
the innocent American hostages in Tehran, nor will we ever condone or approve
of the seizing of our hostages in Tehran.
We are going through some difficult
times together; there's no need for me to
try to mislead you about that. But we
must remember that in spite of these challenges, questions, problems, obstacles, we
still live in the greatest and the strongest
nation on Earth, and we can meet, together, even the most serious possible
challenges that lie before us.
Overseas, we face threats to our Nation's security, and at home, we face very
serious threats to our economic security
and to the well-being of many Americans.
Now is not the time to throw stones at
one another nor to try to find scapegoats.
We need to act courageously and in concert with one another.
These threats challenge us to act together in a challenge of patriotism. I can
think of no more patriotic men and
women than those in the American labor
movement. You prove it today, and you
have always proved it throughout the history of our country.
Our overriding concern, above everything else, must be our national securityour military security, our energy security,
and our economic security. There is no
more powerful force for peace than the
United States of America-a beacon for
freedom and for human rights, committed to world peace for all, and strong militarily. And our military power today is
second to none on Earth, and as long as
I am President and share this commitment of the American people, the United
States will stay this way.
I want to express a concern to you,
however. For the last 15 years, Soviet defense spending has been growing at a
steady and a very rapid rate. Until 1977,
real defense spending in the United States
had declined for 8 straight years. That has
now been reversed, and we are rapidly
making up lost ground that occurred in
those years. We are and we will remain
ready to defend our vital interests wherever they are threatened.
In Iran, we have been restrained and
patient. And patience is not an ordinary
characteristic of American people, but
we place a high value on human life, on
the human lives of 53 innocent Americans, and we also place a high value on
their personal freedom. It is not a sign of
weakness when a powerful nation like
ours is patient in order to preserve precious American lives.
I have worked day and night, literally.
I was up this morning at 4:30, and this
has not been the first time that we have
worked during the night for the safe release of these innocent Americans who are
held hostage. But our patience is not endless, and the Iranian Government must
realize that failure to bring this outrage
to an end is directly contrary to the best
interests not only of ourselves and the
hostages but also contrary to the best interests of the Iranian people.
In that same region, Iran and other nations of the world face the ominous threat
of Soviet aggression. Led by the United
States, almost all nations, 104 of us, have
578
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1
condemned the invasion of Afghanistan
and have called for the Soviets' withdrawal of their troops from that peaceloving and deeply religious country.
We have made and we are making the
Soviets pay a high economic and diplomatic price for their miscalculation. They
have underestimated the strength and the
courage of the freedom fighters in Afghanistan; they have underestimated the
condemnation that has fallen on them
from the Moslem countries of the world;
and they have underestimated the
strength and the resolve and the tenacity
and the commitment of the American
people to stand firm against this unwarranted aggression.
We will stand firm. We will not yield.
We want and we expect our allies and
other nations on Earth to join us. But in
any case we will be forceful and persistent
and let the beneficial influence of our
great Nation be exerted for peace and for
freedom. I have served clear notice that
any attempt by any outside force to gain
control of the Persian Gulf region will be
regarded as an assault on the vital interests of the United States of America, and
such an assault will be repelled by any
means necessary, including military force.
When I took office a little more than
3 years ago I pledged to work tirelessly
for peace. I would like to remind you
that our Nation is at peace. I would like
to remind you that every action we have
taken has been effective action, but it has
been peaceful action for ourselves and
for others. We have accomplished much.
The Panama Canal treaties, peace between Egypt and Israel-and I will be
meeting with President Sadat next week
and the following week with Prime Minister Begin to continue that process of
bringing peace to that troubled region
and enhancing the security of Egypt and
Israel and therefore enhancing the security of the United States.
We have normalized relations with
China, a billion people, more than a
fourth of the entire population of the
world. And we have preserved the good
relationships that we have long enjoyed
with the people on Taiwan. We've
opened up a new era of relationships,
good relationships with the people of the
Third World, and we have made a bold
and consistent drive for human rights.
But we must remember that peace ultimately rests on our unity and our strength
and our resolve. We cannot waver.
Winston Churchill once called World
War II the unnecessary war, because the
Allies did not stand up to aggression until
it was too late. We cannot allow another
such mistake. I would like to point out
to you again something that you also
know. Security overseas requires security
at home. Our world leadership, on a continuing basis, depends upon our overcoming the problems of energy and inflation.
The most important domestic challenge
and responsibility that we have is to reduce inflation and the high interest rates
that inevitably accompany high inflation.
These economic problems are the worldwide consequences of enormous and unprecedented increases in the price of
energy. In the last year alone, the price of
energy has increased more than all time
in history, even since oil was first discovered. The fact that other nations share
the same burdens or worse ones is of little
comfort to us in the United States. This
is a time for a wise and resolute action,
and for courage and unity again as a
strong nation.
Last week, the Congress enacted the
key to our Nation's first comprehensive
energy policy, the windfall profits tax.
Last year, I pledged to you in San Diego
that with your help we would get that tax.
579
Apr. I
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Bob, that's one more commitment that you
and all your members and the Congress
have helped me to meet. The windfall
profits tax will finance not only a massive
drive for energy security for our country
but one of the biggest construction projects in the history of the world.
In the next 10 years at least $227 billion, which will result in reduced oil company profits, but increased profits for the
American people-a lot of that benefit
will come to you and your members.
We have worked hard for the last 3
years to develop a national energy policy
since I made my first major speech on
this subject-exactly 3 years ago this
month-which will reduce our excessive
dependence on foreign oil. Saying this
many times does not lessen the importance
of these figures. We are now spending
every week for imported oil more than
$1.7 billion. That's hard to understand,
but it amounts to an average of $1,500
for every single family in the United
States this year, and more than $1,000
for every household in the United States.
Instead of security, this enormous purchase of oil from overseas costs us in inflation, it costs us in unemployment, and
it also means that we have the constant
threat of other nations cutting off oil supplies and damaging our Nation's security.
Now, with a new, effective energy policy, we can begin to keep that money here
and to invest in American industry and to
hire American workers, and in the development of American energy we can control our supplies and no one else can
embargo them. You and I learned long
ago that conservation of energy is important, but conservation by itself is not
enough. We must start now and build an
energy base for the 21st century, and we
have the construction workers right here
to build that base for the United States.
When future generations look back on
these days, I want them to Know this period as the time we turned our energy
problems around and therefore addressed
directly and effectively our economic
problems. I'm determined to build a future of which we can be proud, a secure
future. And I want to build it with your
help, and that also means controlling inflation, which jeopardizes our economic
security.
I do not need to tell you and you do not
need to tell me how bad inflation is or
that many of its causes are beyond our
control. Inflation is worldwide, lately
reaching extremely high levels, even in
countries like Japan, Great Britain, Italy,
France, West Germany. High inflation has
persisted at an average rate of 8 percent
or more during the last dozen years in our
country in order to gain its present
force. But at its core, inflation can be controlled, but only if we act courageously
and with persistence over a longer period
of time.
Rather than detail to you the anti-inflation program that I unveiled or described
2 weeks ago, just let me describe briefly
the principles that I have followed.
First, we had to take tough action to
jolt an inflation rate that is explosive. Inflation this year has threatened to break
through its previous limits and get completely out of control if we had not acted.
Some have said the action was too forceful, but had we been excessively timid,
then our attempts would have been
fruitless.
Second, these measures require discipline and self-restraint, and there is no
avoiding this reality. There are no easy
answers. There are no magic solutions.
There are no legislative shortcuts which
can simply by law outlaw inflation.
Third, uncontrolled inflation, unfortunately, hits many people much harder
than others. Inflation is an inconvenience
580
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1
for the rich, but it is disastrous, as you well
know, for working families, for the poor,
and for the elderly. More than anyone else
they need our help, your help and mine,
in the fight against inflation.
And finally, the American people need
and expect leadership, and I might say
that the Congress has been remarkably
cooperative during these recent days. The
American people expect honesty. They
want to be told the truth. They expect
fairness, equity, and they expect discipline
from their own government. A government that comes up short and borrows
the difference year after year after year
cannot expect to tell others that they must
live within their means. That's why I sent
the Congress yesterday our Nation's first
balanced budget in 12 years, the second
one in 20 years. I did have to reduce or
to delay some programs for which both
you and I have worked hard. But we acted
with sensitivity and with special compassion for those who are most in need.
I've asked Americans to work together
and to share responsibility. Last fall you
signed with me a national accord of voluntary action on your part to help fight
inflation. It has been very effective, and
I'm grateful for your help and your leadership. You've taken some heat for restraining wage demands, but because of
your cooperation, wage increases have not
been the cause of this speedup in inflation.
I need your continued restraint this year.
In return, I pledge a tough, expanded,
monitoring program to come down hard
on unjustified price increases.
Over the last year and a half most major corporations, like most of organized
labor, have pledged cooperation with our
voluntary wage and price program. The
items which have been extraordinarily
high in price have been things like food
and energy, over which it is very difficult
to exercise control. Several large firms
have been cited by the Wage and Price
Stability Council, and they've taken responsible action to reduce prices so as to
comply with the price standards. I made
a telephone call to the president of Sears
Roebuck one afternoon because they were
out of compliance, and I said, "Tomorrow morning I'm calling a press conference to let the American people know
about this problem." And he said, "Mr.
President, would you just give me a couple
of hours before?" And I waited, and he
called back in a responsible way and said,
"We're reducing all the prices in our catalog. We're refunding overcharges, and in
our open stores we're taking action also
to comply with the price guidelines."
Warner-Lambert has done the same, Faberge, and others that I could name.
Other companies have cut their prices
even before they were cited by the Council
on Wage and Price Stability, including
companies like the aluminum company
[ALCOAI,1 the Greybor Electric Company, Scott Paper, and others. But a few
have not cooperated. Some companies in
your industries have been found out of
compliance, including Ideal Basic Industries and National Gypsum Company. A
number of oil companies have also been
cited for noncompliance-the Charter
Company, Murphy Oil, and Crown Central Petroleum.
You may have read over the weekend
that one major oil company, Mobil, has
refused to act to bring itself back under
the price standard, although Mobil's overcharges to their customers in the third
quarter of last year alone amounted to
over $45 million. This company was asked
to trim prices on future sales long enough
to bring itself back into compliance, but
it refused.
'White House clarification.
581
Apr. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
It's difficult to understand the attitude
of these firms when our Nation needs help
in controlling inflation and when most
businesses are acting responsibly to observe the price standards of the anti-inflation program.
It's only fair for the American public
to know which companies refused to take
reasonable action to comply with the
volunteer standards. More than anyone in
this country, you understand that our
hard-won economic gains are at stake.
In 3 years, as Bob Georgine pointed out,
working together we have created in this
country a record-setting 9 million new
jobs-9 million more people at work than
there were 3 years ago, a million more
construction workers at work-because of
our mutual commitment to jobs.
I'd like to point out to you that between
1977 and the projected budget of 1983,
we will have committed several hundred
billion dollars-probably in the neighborhood of half a trillion dollars-to programs that directly put people to work by
building new facilities and by providing
vital services. But we cannot continue to
send $80 billion overseas to pay for foreign
oil indefinitely and still expect real progress towards full employment. That tremendous drain of capital saps our ability
to create new jobs and contributes to high
inflation and high interest rates.
I'm committed to full employment. But
I know that we must have energy and
anti-inflation programs that permit us to
sustain full employment over the long
term. It's up to us to solve inflation. It's up
to people who are committed to full employment and economic justice, like all
those assembled here in this room. We
must act together with the full knowledge
that if we fail, somebody else will try to
solve this problem who do not have our
commitment to jobs and to economic
justice.
During this election year, we are hearing again from people whose solution is to
destroy the gains that have been made for
the working people of America. Last week,
in the Senate a move was finally defeated
which would have called for the additional budget cuts above and beyond those
that I recommended yesterday of between
$25 billion and $30 billion. This resolution
was signed originally by 49 of the 100
Members of the Senate. It was defeated.
But you can see the pressures that are
coming if you and I are not successful in
this common effort. These people are
ready to dismantle programs that have
taken decades to build. They are ready to
cripple the right of workers to organize
and to bargain collectively, to cripple
workers' rights to a safe workplace, to a
minimum wage, and to protection from
hardships.
They have already tried, as you well
know, to repeal Davis-Bacon, but we
stopped them. And if they try again, we
will stop them again. And we also need
some mutual work and some competence
and sustained commitment to take care of
some unfinished business. This Nation
needs, and I support, labor law reform.
This Nation needs, and I support, common situs legislation.
And the last point I want to make is
that in this election year, we also hear the
easy promises-the promises that appeal
to a particular audience at a particular
time-that wage and price controls are
the easy and the painless answer, when
we know they've failed in the past and
when we know how easy it is to freeze
wages, but how difficult it is to freeze the
prices of the necessities of life, like food
and energy.
We hear that we can just shut down our
entire nuclear industry, and there are
audiences eager to hear that, who are well
organized and who play a major role in
582
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1
some of the elections taking place throughout our country. We hear that we can
freeze oil prices permanently, stopping the
progress that is being made now in conservation and in the development, with
your help, of United States energy production. And we hear that we need to take
some actions against Russia, but only such
actions that do not require any sacrifice
and do not cost anything. In short, we
hear all kinds of easy answers, that nobody
has to give up anything anytime to pay for
everything that we want.
You and I, having direct responsibility
for leadership, do not have the luxury of
making easy promises. We must face the
world as it is. That is what courageous
Americans must do every day of our lives.
That is what Americans have always done.
In a time of crisis or challenge or difficulty, Americans want leadership, and
they want it from us.
I grew up, as a boy, in a region that
was transformed by that kind of leadership. Part of my life-the first 14 yearswas before we had TVA and REA and the
rest of the New Deal programs. But I saw
those programs and others like social security and housing and public works give
new hope and a new life to millions of
Americans.
In the last 3 years, working with you,
I've been determined to strengthen those
programs and put workers back on the
job, and we've done that together. I am
just as determined with your help-with
some sacrifice required on a transient basis
and with some temporary disappointments, yes-to control inflation in this
country. I'm determined that we sustain
the America that has international security, energy security, and economic security so vital in the 1980's.
This is a decade of decision. It's a decade of challenge. And I think we ought
to remember that it is our decade-it's
your decade and mine. We must meet the
challenges not with whining and complaining, not with trepidation about the
future nor with fear, but with courage. We
cannot flinch. I need your help and the
Nation needs your help to make the
dreams of the greatest nation on Earth
come true.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12:38 p.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington
Hilton Hotel.
Mother's Day, 1980
Proclamation 4743. April 1, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Each year, we set aside a special day of
celebration to thank this Nation's mothers
for the role they play in our lives.
Mother's Day 1980 finds the always demanding role of being a mother made
even more complex by the choices modern women have that were not available
to women of previous generations.
Today's mothers are involved in every
aspect of business, politics, education,
sports, the arts, the sciences, and government, and yet they still remain at the
core of this Nation's greatest natural resource-the American family.
Whether they seek careers or work full
time in the home, mothers contribute immensely to our Nation's future by shaping
the character of our children.
That is why our observance of Mother's
Day is so important. It provides us not
only with an opportunity to honor our
own mothers, but also to thank all the
women who make this Nation stronger
583
Apr. 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
through their tireless devotion to their
children.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby request that Sunday,
May 11, 1980, be observed as Mother's
Day. I direct Government officials to display the flag of the United States on all
Government buildings, and I urge all
citizens to display the flag at their homes
and other suitable places on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
9:51 a.m., April 2, 1980]
Freight Rail Industry
Deregulation Legislation
Statement on Senate Approval of the
Legislation. April 1, 1980
The Senate today passed the Railroad
Transportation Policy Act of 1980 by a
vote of 91-4. I want to congratulate
Chairmen Howard Cannon and Russell
Long and Senators Robert Packwood and
Nancy Kassebaum for their leadership on
this bill.
The railroad industry has suffered economic hardship over the past several
decades. A major reason has been overregulation by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. This legislation will provide
needed relief from this costly and counterproductive regulatory burden, and will
enable the railroads to better serve shippers through innovative rate and service
offerings. At the same time, it provides
adequate safeguards for captive shippers
concerned about railroad rate increases. A
sound railroad transportation system is
essential to the economy and to our
national energy goals. I applaud the Senate for its action, which is vital to the
financial health of the railroad industry.
I call on the House to move promptly
in removing unnecessary regulation of this
essential industry.
Wisconsin and Kansas
Democratic Party Primaries
Statement by the White House Press Secretary.
April 1, 1980
The President would like to express his
deep appreciation to the voters of Wisconsin and of Kansas for the very important
and very strong support shown his candidacy today. He's also asked that I express
his personal thanks to the many hundreds
of volunteers in both those States who
helped to make these two important victories possible.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at
10:13 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax
Act of 1980
Remarks on Signing H.R. 3919 Into Law.
April 2, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. We are here this morning to celebrate a great victory, and it's a
victory for every single American citizen.
The fight to have the windfall profits tax
signed into law has been won at last, and
the keystone of our national energy policy
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
for which we have waited so long is now
in place.
Exactly 1 year ago this week, I first proposed the windfall profits tax to the Congress and to the people. I did it because I
knew that it was necessary for our country
and the people in it to benefit from the decontrol of oil prices, which is so crucial,
both to the conservation of energy and to
the development of United States sources
of energy. And I want to thank all those
who are assembled here today for the
great work they have done.
A little later I'll recognize specific ones,
but I particularly want to call out those
that knew in the Congress that our mutual
commitment would be necessary if we
were ever to produce new oil, to conserve
oil, and to apply our genius to finding
alternative sources to oil in this future that
lies before us.
We have in the past been actually subsidizing the consumption of excessive
amounts of energy; therefore exacerbating
an already bad problem, holding high the
import of oil from foreign countries. And
at the same time we believed when we
initiated this effort that through this fair
tax we could divert the unearned profits
of the American oil companies to our
poor, to improving rapid transit, urban
transit, to providing new energy sources,
and to conservation of energy. But many
politicians and many in the press said that
we could never get such a bill passed because of the powerful influences that had
been focused against it.
We knew that we could realistically get
this tax only if we had the courage to do
what all the experts advised and what I
myself believed, and that is to go ahead
with gradual decontrol of oil prices in our
country. We planned the two together as
part of one policy. And today they are
joined together in one energy policy for
America.
Today, determined effort on the part of
many people have won this victory. We
have faced political attacks, we have faced
special interests' pressures, and we have
triumphed. That's why the final passage
of the windfall profits tax means so much
to all of us here. It's proof that through
patience and firmness the Government of
our great Nation can prevail over the most
serious obstacles focused by special interests and by political timidity on the part
of some. I'm proud to tell the American
people today that the windfall profits tax
is no longer just a promise; it is indeed a
fact.
Now this victory brings us to the verge
of enacting the national energy policy
in its entirety that I've been working on
since I made my first energy proposals to
the country exactly 3 years ago and characterized the prospective problem as the
moral equivalent of war. We anticipated
then that by 1985 that we would have
an intersection of the amount of oil available in the world with the amount of oil
being demanded in the world. In other
words, the demand would equal or exceed supply.
That event occurred last year, and the
enormous inflation pressures that exist in
our country and others is a direct result of
the lack of an adequate American energy
policy in previous years. At last now,
America will have both the incentive and
the means to produce more oil here, to
conserve more oil here, and to replace
more oil here with alternative forms of
energy.
I especially congratulate Senator Byrd,
Senator Long, Congressman Ullman,
Congressman Conable, and many other
Democrats and Republicans, and the
members of the staff of the Ways and
Means Committee, the Senate Finance
Committee, and the Joint Committee on
Taxation for their hard work and their
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
dedication under the most trying and
difficult circumstances in developing this
crucial legislation. The issues involved
here were extremely complicated and the
debate sometimes was heated, yet they
persevered and they acted in the best interests of our country.
I also want to thank Governor Brendan
Byrne, standing behind me, from New
Jersey, the cochairperson of the citizens
committee for a windfall profits tax, and
especially the 40 labor unions who joined
in with this effort to make the windfall
profits tax possible. This citizens committee brought together a powerful and a
forceful and effective coalition to help my
administration with a fair tax by educating the public concerning the benefits to
be derived from this action. Many on the
committee gave tirelessly of their time and
their experience and their influence. And
they've shown that the public can be
heard, and when the American public is
heard clearly, it will prevail.
When I proposed this tax I indicated
that the revenues should be used for three
basic purposes: one, to assist low-income
households in bearing the burden of
rapidly increasing energy costs; secondly,
to improve the transit systems of our
country, including not only rail but also
buses and subways, and even the sharing
of rides in other rubber-tired vehicles;
and third, the development of alternative
supplies of energy. We have placed a
special emphasis on conservation. We
must not lose sight of these three basic
goals if we are to overcome inflation and
the risks to our national security caused
by our overdependence on foreign oil,
which is now comprising almost half the
total oil that we use. We must mount a
massive effort to develop American
energy resources and do it now and without delay.
Our country, as you all know, has
abundant coal resources. We must convert our electric utilities to coal and other
fuels, away from oil. We must find ways
to turn coal into gases and liquids which
can substitute directly for oil and for
natural gas. We must and will make our
homes and our apartments, our businesses
and factories, our vehicles more energyefficient. The windfall profits tax will
provide us with revenues to carry out these
goals and these purposes so important to
every one of us.
We must get on with the job of developing solar energy and other renewable
forms of energy, such as gasohol, wind,
wood, and water. Again, the windfall
profits tax will provide us with the resources to carry out these purposes.
The conference report of the windfall
profits tax provides guidance on the use
of the $227 billion which will now be
available for our country for these purposes. It is important to point out that all
of the expenditures of the funds raised by
the windfall profits tax do require specific
authorization and appropriation by the
appropriate committees of the Congress
through the normal legislative process.
This provides both the administration
and the Congress adequate flexibility from
year to year to determine exactly how
these funds will be used for the best interests of our country. For low-income assistance, for mass transit, alternate forms of
energy-these purposes must be met.
The legislation gives us guidance that
a substantial portion of the tax, 60 percent, might be used for income tax reductions, or in the absence of that action
by the Congress, to reduce the national
debt.
As I've said before, the first priority in
the congressional deliberations this year
is to have a balanced budget for the fiscal
year 1981, and we will have that balanced
budget. Once the Congress has demon
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
strated its resolve in meeting this goal of
a balanced budget, then we consider,
through the normal legislative processes,
tax reductions. But we must not be deterred that the first order of business is
fighting inflation. Inflation is in an 18 -percent level-an 18-percent tax on being alive. And that is a tax that we have
to cut first, the tax of inflation, and this
victory today has proved that by standing
firm, we and the American people can
prevail.
The windfall profits tax also provides
vitally needed funding for our program to
reduce and to assist the low-income people
with their burdens in meeting the rising
cost of energy. We are a compassionate
nation, and we will not ignore the needs of
those who are hardest hit by rising OPEC
prices.
The bill I'm signing into law today is
an historic step to the Nation's energy
security, but we have still several pieces
of unfinished business before the Congress
that must be passed. The conference report on the energy mobilization board,
designed to cut redtape and speed decisionmaking in our country on critical
energy projects, must be completed. The
House and Senate conference must also
complete work on the omnibus legislation
which provides for a synthetic fuels corporation, for energy conservation, for the
development of solar energy, biomass.
And the areas of difference, as you know,
between the House and Senate have now
been narrowed considerably, but apparently we still have a long way to go. This
is crucial legislation, these two bills which
should be passed now without further
delay.
Winning passage of this fair and equitable law makes me confident that we can
and will act together in a positive spirit to
take on other tough battles in the struggle
to defeat inflation and to improve our
Nation's security. We know that that will
not be easy. The passage of this bill has
not been easy, especially with all the clever
slogans and the quick deceptions and the
call for magic or simple solutions that have
been put forward in this election year. But
the American people know that it is always
easier to attack a plan than to create a
plan. It's always easier to destroy a consensus than it is to create a consensus. It's
always easier to serve a partisan interest
rather than to serve effectively the national interest.
We would not have arrived here today
to celebrate this victory for America if we
had looked for easy ways out or if we had
attempted to mislead the American public.
Now, armed with the resources of the
windfall profits tax, I know we can finish
the task of making our great Nation, the
United States of America, an energysecure nation. That's our goal. We've
taken a major step today to accomplish
that goal.
Thank you very much, and now I'll sign
the legislation.
[At this point, the President signed the bill.]
SENATOR ROBERT BYRD. Mr. President,
a year ago, the pundits were saying that a
windfall profits tax would never be passed.
As a matter of fact, I heard on television
that it was dead a year ago. But the pundits also said that the Wright brothers
couldn't fly. [Laughter]
This is a very important occasion. And it
wasn't easy, as you have said so correctly,
but this represents the centerpiece of our
energy policy. And it also is an example of
bipartisanship at its best and legislative
compromise. I congratulate you for your
patience and for the leadership that you
demonstrated, Mr. President. I congratulate Russell Long for the statesmanship
and the courage that he demonstrated. I
congratulate all the others who had a part,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
both in the administration and in the
Congress.
Mr. President, this bill represents good
energy policy and wise public policy. It is
an important step, but it's just a step, and
other steps need to be taken. And you have
properly enumerated them, and we intend
to continue to work until the day comes
when those objectives too will have been
achieved.
THE PRESIDENT. The Speaker's not
here to represent the House, but he's
worked very hard on this bill. I would like
to call, however, on the chairman of the
Ways and Means Committee in the
House, Congressman Al Ullman.
REPRESENTATIVE ULLMAN. Thank you,
Mr. President.
I want to first commend my Committee
on Ways and Means, that worked hard to
originate this legislation. We passed it in
the House last June, of last year. And also
the members of the conferees, Senator
Long-this was one of the toughest conferences that I've ever participated in.
And I want to say that it took a bit of
statesmanship on the part of some of the
people who had very special concerns and
interests in this legislation.
Mr. President, it's not often that you
can pass a tax that is not levied on the
American people. And I think that's a
point, that in this whole legislation the
world price of oil will set the prices that
the American consumers will pay, and this
is a tax that is merely levied against the
producers, and it's phased out in order to
prevent windfall profits.
This is a very important milestone, and
I want to commend you, Mr. President,
Secretary Miller, and the others that have
been working with us so diligently through
the months.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Senator Long is customarily modest, and he has suggested that
we call on someone in his committee to
speak for the committee, because it was a
broad-based effort. And I think he's asked
that Bill Bradley be called upon to say a
word.
SENATOR BRADLEY. Mr. President, playing a small role in the passage of this legislation, in my first year in the United
States Senate, has been important and instructive to me. I think that our chairman,
chairman of the Finance Committee, Senator Long, was in a very difficult position
and, I think, performed the role of chairman in a remarkably effective and fair
way. I think the leadership that Senator
Byrd demonstrated is the example of the
kind of leadership that we need as we face
the complex energy problems that you've
so clearly delineated that are before us in
the months ahead. And passage of this legislation and your signing it today makes
me proud to be an American, and I think
it's a significant achievement for your
administration and your efforts and
effectiveness.
THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to call on
Governor Brendan Byrne to make a few
comments from the perspective of the citizens' committee which he headed. No one
will ever know the amount of effort that
was put forward by this group. They were
all volunteers; they worked without ceasing; they worked quietly, but they worked
effectively. And they marshaled the influence and support of the American people
to help me and the Congress make this
wise decision. Brendan Byrne.
GOVERNOR BYRNE. Thank you very
much, Mr. President. A lot of Governors
have been looking for the opportunity to
speak from a White House platform.
[Laughter] One of them dropped out last
night, I understand-[laughter]-another
one may take a little longer.
I'm proud to be here, proud to follow
my Senator. We've got a Senator from
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
New Jersey you can look up to. [Laughter]
I almost wish that the President hadn't
called on me, because now I have to try to
identify all of the people here who helped
in the citizens' coalition.
THE PRESIDENT. Just let them stand up.
GOVERNOR BYRNE. If they would all
stand up?
THE PRESIDENT. Sure.
GOVERNOR BYRNE. Okay. Marilyn, can
you get them all to stand up? Everybody
who is here from the committee, representing the committee, who helped usTHE PRESIDENT. Everybody on the
committee, stand up.
GOVERNOR BYRNE. And Ruth Hinerfeld in the League of Women Voters, and
Bob Georgine, the American Association
of Retired Persons, and so many others,
APTA [American Public Transit Association]-now I'm in trouble, right?
[Laughter] But I just wanted to say that
this was a genuine effort by a lot of people for the right cause.
I want to again express my admiration
for this President. There are those, as you
know, if the President were to walk across
the Potomac this morning, would headline that the President can't swim.
[Laughter] There are those who criticize
because you were supposed to get this
passed by Christmas, and it's Easter; and
that it is a couple of billion short of what
he targeted. But one of our papers in New
Jersey called this Jimmy Carter's greatest
victory. Another paper editorialized
against windfall profits tax with a black
border around the editorial, the first time
maybe in the history of that newspaper.
This is a great victory. It's a great victory because a lot of people worked very
hard to make it so. Most of all, it's a great
victory because we have a President who's
been determined to see what's right for
this country and to do what's right. I'm
very proud of him, very proud to have
been head of the committee that in some
small way achieved this great victory.
Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. It would be appropriate to call on many other people this
morning, because so many have played a
role in this important victory. And there
were times when the prospects were very
discouraging, but the patience and tenacity was instigated by a sure knowledge
that this legislation, however complicated
and however difficult and however
fraught with political pitfalls, was important for our Nation. And to conclude
the remarks this morning, I would like to
call on the Secretary of Treasury to come
and say a word this morning. Bill Miller.
SECRETARY MILLER. Thank you, Mr.
President.
This indeed is a giant step forward on
two counts: This represents a major component in forging the national energy
policy, the new national energy policy,
which will hasten the day when we
achieve greater self-sufficiency and reduce
our dependence upon the uncertain and
fragile lines of supply of foreign oil; and
second, because we shall never win the
war against inflation until we deal with
the energy issue. And so, this is a very important milestone on the way to solving
the inflation problem.
Mr. President, when I was sworn in
last August as the 65th Secretary of the
Treasury, and you asked me to work upon
this matter, I thought you were contemplating the 66th Secretary. [Laughter] But
I must say it has been a great sense of
privilege and pleasure for me to work on
it, to be assisted in my task, under your
leadership, by Secretary Duncan, who
cannot be here today, and the whole Department of Energy; Stuart Eizenstat, the
entire White House staff-all of the administration has worked in teamwork that
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Apr. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I've not seen in any comparable situation.
I think it is a great commendation to your
leadership, to the commitment and dedication of the administration, and I'm
proud and privileged to be a part of it.
It is a giant step, but only a step, and
so I think we now need, on behalf of you,
those of us who have responsibilities, to
now carry forward and take the other
steps in combination with the Congress,
the private sector, to achieve this energy
independence, energy self-sufficiency
which you've outlined this morning.
Thank you for including me this
morning.
THE PRESIDENT. As those of you who
studied the legislation know, it's effective
the first of last month, March 1, so Bill will
have a particularly interesting and exciting and gratifying experience the next few
days in beginning to collect-[laughter]the receipts. And I think this is a major
step toward not only controlling the excessive dependence on foreign oil and
making our own Nation more self-sufficient but holding down the price of
international oil. The decisions made by
OPEC will be determined to a major
degree by how much we can lower our
excessive demands of a limited supply of
international oil. And of course, this will
help to alleviate, on a worldwide basis and
particularly for our own country, the increasing pressures of inflation. I think
we're going to see some good news on
inflation in the next few months.
Again, thank you all for being here.
It's a great day for our country.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:34 a.m. at
the signing ceremony in the East Room at the
White House.
As enacted, H.R. 3919 is Public Law 96-223,
approved April 2.
International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora Convention
Message to the Senate Transmitting an
Amendment. April 2, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for the advice and
consent of the Senate to ratification, an
Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora, done at Washington March 3, 1973. The Amendment will
provide a legal basis for Parties to the
Convention to provide it with necessary
financial support. By helping to place the
financing of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora on a sound and
permanent basis, the Amendment will
strengthen its effectiveness. The report on
the Amendment by the Department of
State is enclosed for the information of
the Senate.
The Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora provides for the control
and monitoring of international trade in
species endangered, or likely to be endangered, by extinction. The Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora text does
not, however, explicitly provide for the
funding of Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora Secretariat activities by
its Parties. So far the United Nations Environment Program has provided this
support. However, the United Nations
Environment Program has decided to begin to decrease its support in 1980 and to
terminate it by the end of 1983. In March
1979 the Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
Fauna and Flora Parties adopted interim
financial regulations under which the
Parties would begin to provide the necessary support. But some Parties require an
Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora text providing
explicit authority for Party funding in
order to give them a legal basis for making contributions under the new financial
regulations. Consequently, the Parties
held an extraordinary meeting in Bonn
on June 22, 1979, and adopted the necessary Amendment. Under the Amendment,
the Parties' authority to adopt financial
provisions is made explicit by adding the
words "and adopt financial provisions" to
Article XI 3 (a), which deals with the
functions of the Conference of the Parties.
Under this Amendment and the interim financial regulations the United
States could make voluntary contributions
to help support the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
of Wild Fauna and Flora.
I urge the Senate to act favorably on
this Amendment at an early date.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 2, 1980.
International Natural Rubber
Agreement, 1979
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Agreement. April 2, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for the advice and
consent of the Senate to ratification, the
International Natural Rubber Agreement,
1979, adopted at Geneva October 5, 1979.
The Agreement was signed on behalf of
the United States of America on January 8, 1980. The report of the Department of State is enclosed for the information of the Senate.
The Agreement seeks to stabilize natural rubber prices without disturbing longterm market trends and to foster increased
natural rubber supplies at reasonable
prices. Natural rubber prices have traditionally displayed considerable instability,
with strong rises-notably in 1951, 1955,
1960 and 1973-74-followed by sharp
and sudden declines. This instability has
not only destabilized producers' incomes
and complicated national planning for
the developing exporting countries, it has
also contributed to inflation in industrial
countries. In addition, it has discouraged
needed long-term investments in natural
rubber production. This is particularly
important to the United States, which as
the world's largest consumer of natural
rubber has a substantial interest in helping to assure adequate future supplies of
this commodity.
The Agreement provides for the establishment of an international buffer stock
of 550,000 metric tons of natural rubber
to be the instrument for price stabilization. The stock will be used to defend a
price range and insure consistency with
longer term market conditions. The
financing of the buffer stock will be shared
equally between importing and exporting
members. Each government's share will
depend upon its votes in the Organization
as determined by net exports or imports.
The share of the United States will be between 12.5 and 15.5 percent of the total,
depending on the number of governments
that become parties to the Agreement. To
meet the financial obligations arising from
our membership, $88 million has been included in the FY 1981 budget. The Agreement is to become effective on or after
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Apr. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
October 1, 1980, when governments accounting for sufficient net exports and net
imports have ratified the Agreement or
agreed to apply it provisionally. It will
remain in force for five years from the
date of the Agreement's provisional or definitive entry into force (whichever occurs first), but may be terminated earlier
or extended for up to two more years. In
addition, provisional operation of the
Agreement without subsequent definitive
entry into force is limited to 18 months.
Upon termination of the Agreement, the
United States' contribution and share of
the Agreement's assets will be refunded
within a period not to exceed three years.
The Agreement should provide substantial benefits for consumers of natural
rubber. The buffer stock is sufficiently
large to provide adequate protection for
both the maximum and minimum levels
of the price range, thereby providing balanced protection for all members. Exporting members will attempt to ensure
continuous availability of natural rubber
supplies to consumers, and the Council
may make recommendations to members
on ways to avert potential shortages.
Finally, by moderating price increases
during periods of high demand, the buffer
stock could also help to reduce inflationary pressure on the prices of manufactured rubber products.
The Agreement is consistent with our
broad foreign policy objectives. It demonstrates our willingness to negotiate commodity agreements where practicable and
in the interest of industrialized and developing countries. It constitutes a significant
achievement in the North-South dialogue.
It will also strengthen our relations with
ASEAN, since natural rubber is particularly important to four of its membersMalaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore-which account collectively for
nearly 90 percent of the world trade in
natural rubber.
For all of these reasons, I urge the Senate to give this Agreement prompt consideration and its advice and consent to
ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 2, 1980.
Petroleum Import Adjustment
Program
Proclamation 4744. April 2, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
In March 1979, the Secretary of the
Treasury, having conducted an investigation of imports of petroleum and petroleum products in accordance with Section
232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962,
as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), concluded
that such imports were entering the country "in such quantities and under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the
national security." This finding confirmed
the results of previous investigations conducted in 1959 and 1975.
The high level of the Nation's consumption of gasoline is the single most important cause of our dependence on foreign
oil. At the same time, our consumption of
gasoline can be reduced with less serious
consequences to our economy than if similar action were taken with respect to other
petroleum products, such as home heating
oil. Consequently, the Secretary of Energy
and the Secretary of the Treasury have
advised that I take action to reduce oil imports by imposing a fee on imports of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
crude oil and gasoline and by establishing
a program intended to ensure that the
burden of the crude oil fee falls on gasoline. The Secretary of Commerce concurs.
I agree with their advice. To counter
this threat to the national security of the
United States, I deem it necessary to act
pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act to adjust crude oil and gasoline imports through imposition of a gasoline conservation fee on imports of crude
oil and gasoline and a system of passing
the cost of this fee through on the price of
gasoline in a manner consistent with and
in furtherance of the objectives of the
Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of
1973 (15 U.S.C. 751 etseq.).
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
acting under and by virtue of the authority
vested in me by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States, including Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of
1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and
the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et
seq.), do hereby proclaim, effective
March 15, 1980, that:
SECTION 1-1. Gasoline Conservation Fee
SEC. 1-101 (a). Except as otherwise
provided in this Proclamation, no crude
oil (except crude oil which is exchanged
in accordance with the provisions in the
next to last sentence of Section 4(b) (1)
of Proclamation 3279, as amended) or
gasoline may be entered into the United
States unless it is by or for the account of
a person to which a license has been issued
by the Secretary pursuant to this Proclamation and the entry is made in accordance with the terms of this Proclamation
and of such license.
(b) Unexpired and unused licenses, or
portions thereof, issued pursuant to Proc
lamation 3279, as amended, for the entry
of crude oil and gasoline may be used for
the purpose of entering those respective
products through April 23, 1980; provided, that the entry is otherwise made in
accordance with the terms of this Proclamation and that payment is made for
all applicable gasoline conservation fees.
SEC. 1-102(a). Upon application, the
Secretary shall issue licenses subject to the
gasoline conservation fees provided for in
this paragraph.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph
(a) (2) of this section, such licenses shall
require, among other appropriate provisions, the payment of the following gasoline conservation fees:
(A) With respect to the entry of crude
oil, such fee shall be $4.62 per barrel;
(B) With respect to the entry of gasoline, such fee shall be equal to the dollar
per barrel amount of the gasoline entitlement determined in accordance with Section 2-1 of this Proclamation for the
month in which the entry was made,
which amount shall be published by the
Secretary on or about the fifteenth day
of the second month after the month of
entry.
(2) Gasoline conservation fees shall not
be applicable with respect to the following
types of entries:
(A) Crude oil which is entered into the
United States for the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve Program by the Department of
Energy, or by any other person certified
by the Department of Energy as acting
on its behalf;
(B) Gasoline produced in the U.S.
Virgin Islands or a U.S. Foreign Trade
Zone which has incurred a gasoline entitlement obligation in accordance with
Section 2-1 of this Proclamation.
(b) All monies received under this section shall be deposited into the Treasury
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Apr. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of the United States. The Secretary shall
credit to a deposit fund account a portion
of the monies received under the terms of
this section to be drawn upon by the Secretary for the payment of refunds of gasoline conservation fees. All other amounts
shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts.
Balances credited in the deposit fund account and not required to be reserved for
payments hereinafter provided for shall
be transferred at the end of the fiscal year
to miscellaneous receipts.
SEC. 1-103(a) (1). Except as provided
in paragraph (a) (2) or (a) (3) of this
section, applications for licenses subject
to payment of a gasoline conservation fee
under Section 1-102 (a) (1) of this Proclamation shall not be considered unless
they are accompanied by payment in the
following amounts:
(A) For licenses for the entry of crude
oil, such payments shall be in the amount
equal to the number of barrels for which
the license is to be issued multiplied by
$4.62.
(B) For licenses for the entry of gasoline, such payment shall be in the amount
equal to the number of barrels for which
the license is to be issued multiplied by
$4.35. Upon the determination of the
actual fee, in accordance with section
1-102 (a) (1) (B) of this Proclamation,
for the month in which an entry is made,
an adjustment of the amount paid shall
be made in accordance with Section 1 -104(a) (1) of this Proclamation.
(2) In lieu of prepayment in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section,
an applicant for a license may submit (A)
a bond with a surety on the list of acceptable sureties on Federal bonds, maintained by the Bureau of Government Financial Operations, Department of the
Treasury (Department of the Treasury
Circular 570) or (B) other security acceptable to the Secretary; provided, that
for all subsequent entries made pursuant
to the license received, payment shall be
made for the applicable gasoline conservation fees. Bonds or such other security
shall be posted for the amount chargeable
under the license, unless the applicant has
made timely payment of any fees imposed
pursuant either to this Proclamation or to
Proclamation 3279, as amended, for the
twelve previous calendar months in which
the applicant was obligated to pay fees,
in which case bonds or such other security
may be posted for fifty percent (50%) of
the total amount chargeable.
(3) Payment of gasoline conservation
fees by or for the account of a department,
establishment, or agency of the United
States shall be accomplished by transfers,
as appropriate, from appropriation accounts available to such department,
establishment, or agency.
(b) Separate licenses shall be issued for
crude oil and gasoline and for entries subject or not subject to payment of gasoline conservation fees.
(c) Licenses issued for crude oil and
gasoline under this section shall be valid
for a period of one year following the date
of their issuance unless such licenses have
been completely used prior to that time.
A license shall be considered to be issued
on the date the license is signed by the
Secretary.
SEC. 1-104(a) (1). With respect to
licenses for the entry of gasoline issued
upon prepayment of gasoline conservation
fees, the Secretary shall refund such prepaid fees by an amount equal to the difference between the actual fee for the
month in which the entry was made and
the prepaid amount of $4.35, multiplied
by the number of barrels entered; provided, that the actual fee for the month
in which the entry was made is less than
$4.35 per barrel. In the event the actual
fee exceeds $4.35 per barrel, the licensee
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
must make payment for the difference.
(2) The Secretary is further authorized
to refund fees paid or to reduce fees owed,
in whole or in part:
(A) where the licensee prepaid the fees
and failed to use the license issued to him;
(B) where the license fee has been improperly charged.
(b) (1) All applications for such refunds or reductions based on entries of
crude oil and gasoline must be filed with
the Secretary by the end of the sixth
month following the month in which the
entry was made.
(2) Applications for refunds of fees for
any unutilized portion of a prepaid license shall not be acted upon until the
license has been received by the Secretary.
Such applications must be filed with the
Secretary within six months of the expiration date of the license.
(c) Refunds or reductions made pursuant to this section shall be made without interest, and in no case may the total
of the refunds or reduction claimed exceed the amount of the fees paid for the
licenses.
SEC. 1-105 (a). For the purposes of this
Proclamation, crude oil or gasoline shall
be deemed to have "entered" the United
States when it is released for immediate
delivery, or entered, or withdrawn from
warehouse for consumption, whichever
occurs first as evidenced by the dates on
Customs Form 3461, 7501, or 7505, as appropriate, or successor forms.
(b) Licenses shall be presented to the
District Director of Customs at a point of
entry to be selected by the licensee and
shall remain in Customs custody until
fully utilized or expired, whereupon they
shall be returned by the Customs Service
to the Secretary.
SEC. 1-106(a). No license shall be required in connection with the entry into
the United States of crude oil or gasoline
which is transported from one point in
the United States to another such point
through a pipeline that passes through a
foreign country. If, incidental to such
transportation, the crude oil or gasoline is
commingled with or displaced by foreign
crude oil or gasoline, no license shall be
required for the entry of quantities of like
kind and quality equivalent to those
which left the United States.
(b) In the event the volume of a particular shipment of crude oil or gasoline
entered pursuant to a license exceeds, by
five percent (5%) or less, the volume
stated as remaining on the license against
which the crude oil or gasoline is being
entered, the Customs officer may permit
the entry of the excess without license but
in such an event he shall notify the Department of Energy. The licensee must,
within ten days of such entry, remit payment for any gasoline conservation fees
applicable to such excess.
(c) Customs officers are authorized to
permit entry, without license, of quantities
not to exceed 550 U.S. gallons of gasoline
or 100 barrels of crude oil which otherwise
would be subject to the payment of a fee,
where the quantities entered are certified
as:
(1) constituting samples for testing or
analysis;
(2) included in shipments of machinery or equipment and intended for use in
connection therewith; or
(3) baggage entries.
SEC. 1-107(a). Unless the Secretary
directs otherwise, payment of fees shall be
accomplished by wire transfer to an account specified by the Secretary, in accordance with such payment instructions
as he may prescribe, or, at the licensee's
option where the payment is for an
amount less than $1,000,000.00, by delivery to the Secretary of a certified check
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
or a cashier's check payable to the order
of the Treasurer of the United States.
(b) Payments in accordance with Sections 1-101(b), 1-103(a) (2) and 1-104
(a) (1) must be received by the last day
of the second month following the month
in which an entry is made if that day is a
business day, and if not, by the end of
the next business day.
SECTION 2-1. Gasoline Entitlements
SEC. 2-101. For each month beginning
with March of 1980, the Secretary shall
calculate the "total national fee." The
total national fee for a particular month
shall be the total amount of the gasoline
conservation fees payable for all crude oil
entered by all persons in that month.
SEC. 2-102. The price of a gasoline entitlement for each month shall be equal
to the total national fee for that month
divided by the total number of barrels of
gasoline production in that month for
which gasoline producers must purchase
gasoline entitlements, as adjusted by the
Secretary in accordance with Section
2-103 of this Proclamation.
SEC. 2-103. In order to correct for
reporting or calculation errors, overpayments, underpayments, and similar occurrences in any month, the Secretary in one
or more months subsequent to that month
may adjust either or both the price of a
gasoline entitlement and the number of
gasoline entitlements issued to or required to be purchased by persons.
SEC. 2-104. For each month beginning
with March 1980, the Secretary shall
issue to each person who entered, during
that month, crude oil subject to a gasoline conservation fee pursuant to Section
1-102 (a), a number of gasoline entitlements equal in value to the total amount
of gasoline conservation fees for crude oil
entered in that month that were paid or
are payable by that person pursuant to
this Proclamation.
SEC. 2-105 (a). Except as provided in
paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
with respect to its gasoline production in
any month beginning with March 1980,
a gasoline producer must purchase gasoline entitlements equal in number to the
number of barrels of its gasoline production in that month.
(b) If in any full calendar month the
per barrel amount of any additional levy
imposed by Puerto Rico or the U.S.
Virgin Islands after the effective date of
this Proclamation on gasoline consumed
in its jurisdiction or produced in its jurisdiction for consumption therein is at least
equal to $4.20 or the value of a gasoline
entitlement for that month, whichever is
less, the number of barrels of gasoline
production for which a gasoline producer
must purchase gasoline entitlements for
that month shall be reduced by the number of barrels of that producer's gasoline
production in that month which is subject to the levy.
(c) A person which is issued gasoline
entitlements for any month pursuant to
Section 2-104 must sell each such gasoline entitlement to a gasoline producer required to purchase gasoline entitlements
for that month.
SEC. 2-106. On or about the fifteenth
day of the second month following any
particular month beginning with March
1980, the Secretary shall publish a list
which shall set forth the number of gasoline entitlements which each gasoline producer must purchase and which each
person issued entitlements must sell for
that particular month. Such purchases
and sales shall be completed by the last
day of the second month following that
particular month. The Secretary may direct persons that have not purchased or
sold the required number of entitlements
within that time to purchase or sell such
required number of entitlements from or
to a person with reciprocal requirements.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
A person which in a particular month
must both purchase and sell entitlements
may purchase them from itself.
SEC. 2-107. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations, no portion of any cost of a gasoline
conservation fee imposed under Section
1-1 of this Proclamation may be considered under the Energy Regulations as
a cost or part of a cost of crude oil, as
that term is defined in the Energy Regulations, or any petroleum product, except
as provided in Sections 2-108 and 2-109
of this Proclamation. For purposes of such
sections, gasoline conservation fees shall
be deemed to have been paid at the time
that actual payment of such fees has been
made to the Secretary, except that, in the
case of an entry made pursuant to a prepaid license, payment of the fee may, at
the option of the licensee, be deemed to
have been made at the time of entry.
SEC. 2-108. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations, any person that is not a refiner
shall be deemed to have incurred an increased product or acquisition cost for
gasoline in any particular month in an
amount equal to the sum of (a) the
amount of any gasoline conservation fees
paid by that person in that month for
gasoline entered into the United States,
less the amount of any refunds with respect to licenses for gasoline that person
has received pursuant to Section 1-104,
and (b) the amount paid by such person
during that month for gasoline entitlements; provided, that, prior to May 15,
1980, no person shall increase the price
of gasoline as a result of such increased
acquisition or product costs pursuant to
this section.
SEC. 2-109. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy
Regulations:
(a) (1) A person that is a refiner may
add to its BIt factor for gasoline (its increased purchased product costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy
Regulations) for any month an amount
equal to $4.20 multiplied by the number
of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which that refiner
entered into the United States in the
month two months prior to such month.
Any increases in gasoline prices that are
allowed as a result of such addition to the
BIt factor shall not be made prior to May
15, 1980.
(2) If, in any month beginning with
June 1980, the amount of gasoline conservation fees on gasoline paid by a refiner
in the month immediately preceding that
month was greater or less than an amount
determined by multiplying $4.20 by the
number of barrels of gasoline subject to
the gasoline conservation fee which were
entered into the United States by that refiner in the month three months prior to
that month, the difference shall be added
to or subtracted from, respectively, that
refiner's BIt factor for that month.
(b) (1) A person that is a refiner may
add to its AIt factor for gasoline (its increased crude oil costs as described in
Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations)
for any month an amount equal to $4.20
multiplied by the number of barrels of
that refiner's gasoline production in the
month two months prior to that month.
Any increases in gasoline prices that are
allowed as a result of such addition to the
AIt factor shall not be made prior to May
15, 1980.
(2) If, in any month beginning with
June 1980, the amount paid by a refiner
for gasoline entitlements purchased in the
month immediately preceding that particular month was greater or less than an
amount determined by multiplying $4.20
by the number of barrels of that refiner's
gasoline production in the month three
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Apr. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
months prior to that month, the difference shall be added to or subtracted from,
respectively, that refiner's AIt factor for
that month.
(3) The amount added to or subtracted
from the A~t factor pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the "gasoline
tilt" provision found in the last sentence
of the first paragraph of Section 212.83
(a) (2) (iii) (C) of the Energy Regulations.
SECTION 3-1. Administrative Provisions
SEC. 3-101 (a). The Secretary is delegated authority to provide for the administration and enforcement of this Proclamation. The Secretary shall, from time to
time, in consultation with the Secretaries
of Commerce, State, and the Treasury,
and other Federal agencies as appropriate, review the status of imports of crude
oil and its primary derivatives in respect
to the national security. In this connection, he shall inform the President of any
circumstances which might indicate the
need for further Presidential action under
Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act
of 1962, as amended.
(b) The Secretary is delegated the authority to adjust, from time to time, the
amount of the gasoline conservation fee
specified in Section 1-102(a) (1) (A) of
this Proclamation in order to ensure that,
as closely as practicable, the value of a
resulting gasoline entitlement approximates $4.20.
(c) All departments and agencies of
the Executive Branch of the Government
shall cooperate with and assist the Secretary in achieving the purposes of this
Proclamation.
SEC. 3-102 (a). Persons applying for
licenses pursuant to Section 1-1 of this
Proclamation shall submit such information and make such reports as the Secretary determines necessary to fulfill his
responsibilities under this Proclamation.
(b) By the fifth day of the second
month following any particular month,
beginning with May 5, 1980 for March
1980, each gasoline producer shall report
to the Secretary its gasoline production for
that month. A person with gasoline production in Puerto Rico or in the U.S. Virgin Islands in any month shall report
separately its gasoline production in
Puerto Rico or in the U.S. Virgin Islands
in that month and the portion of such
production which is produced for consumption in Puerto Rico or in the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
(c) The Secretary may require a person subject to the reporting requirements
of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section
to report any additional information determined by the Secretary to be necessary
to ensure that the objectives of this Proclamation are attained.
(d) A person required under this Proclamation to submit any report to the Secretary shall correct any errors contained
in that report by filing an amended report
as promptly as possible but not later than
the last day of the eighth month following
the month for which the report was filed.
SEC. 3-103 (a). A person subject to any
reporting requirement under Section
3-103 of this Proclamation shall prepare
and maintain at its principal place of business sufficient records, including but not
limited to records specifically required by
the Secretary, to document its compliance
with the provisions of this Proclamation.
(b) All records required to be maintained pursuant to this Proclamation shall
be retained for a period of three years.
SEC. 3-104. The Secretary may initiate
and conduct audits and investigations relating to the scope, nature, and extent of
compliance by any person subject to any
provision of this Proclamation.
SEC. 3-105 (a). In addition to any other
remedies or penalties available to enforce
this Proclamation or Proclamation 3279,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2
as amended, the Secretary may revoke or
suspend, in accordance with the provisions
set forth in Subpart T, Part 205, of Title
10 of the Code of Federal Regulations,
licenses issued to any person that violates
the terms of this Proclamation or Proclamation 3279, as amended. In addition or
in the alternative, and notwithstanding
the provisions in Section 1-103(a) (2) of
this Proclamation, the Secretary, in his discretion, may require that any person that
violates the terms of this Proclamation
post bonds for license fees in the full
amount chargeable or prepay all license
fee amounts in order to receive a license.
(b) In the event a person fails to fulfill
an obligation arising under Section 2-1 of
this Proclamation, that person shall be
subject to the remedies and penalties
available under the Emergency Petroleum
Allocation Act of 1973.
SEC. 3-106. For purposes of this Proclamation, the following definitions shall
apply:
"Crude oil" means a mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in natural underground reservoirs and which is liquid at
atmospheric pressure after passing
through surface separating processes, and
does not include natural gas products. It
also includes the initial liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite,
and oil shale.
"Energy Regulations" means Parts 210,
211 and 212 of Title 10, Code of Federal
Regulations.
"Gasoline" means gasoline as that term
is defined in Section 212.31 of the Energy
Regulations, which definition, for purposes of reference, is as follows: "all of the
various grades, other than aviation gasoline, of refined petroleum naphtha which,
by its composition, is suitable for use
as a carburant in internal combustion
engines."
"Gasoline entitlement" means the proportionate share which each barrel of
gasoline production for a particular month
bears to the total gasoline conservation
fees payable for that month.
"Gasoline producer" means that person
which first manufactures a volume of gasoline by refining, blending or any other
process.
"Gasoline production," for a particular
gasoline producer in a particular month,
means the total number of barrels of gasoline manufactured by refining, blending,
or any other process in that month by that
gasoline producer in the United States, the
U.S. Virgin Islands, and a U.S. Foreign
Trade Zone. Where incremental volumes
of gasoline are manufactured through the
addition of substances to gasoline for
which gasoline entitlement obligations
have already been incurred, only the incremental volumes of gasoline, less any
volumes of alcohol, are gasoline production. For March 1980, a gasoline producer's gasoline production shall be determined by multiplying the number of
barrels of that gasoline producer's gasoline
production in March 1980 by 17/31; provided, that in the event a gasoline producer can demonstrate that the actual
number of barrels of gasoline produced by
that gasoline producer in the period
March 15 through March 31 was less than
17/31 of that gasoline producer's total gasoline production in March 1980, that gasoline producer may report actual volumes
of gasoline production for the period
March 15 through March 31. Gasoline
manufactured by a gasoline producer on
behalf of another person shall be included
within the gasoline production of the gasoline producer unless the other person is a
refiner, in which case the gasoline shall be
included within the gasoline production
of the other person.
"Person" means any natural person, or
a partnership, association, consortium or
any other entity whether organized for a
business or other purpose, or a department
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
or other governmental unit of a state, territory or the Federal Government. A person shall include a parent organization
and the consolidated and unconsolidated
entities which it directly or indirectly
controls.
"Refiner" means refiner as that term is
defined in Section 212.31 of the Energy
Regulations.
"Secretary" means the Secretary of Energy or his delegate.
"United States" means the fifty States,
the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico,
but not U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.
SECTION 4-1. Conforming Amendments
SEC. 4-101. Section 1 of Proclamation
3279, as amended, is amended by the addition of a new paragraph (f) to read as
follows:
"(f) Except with respect to licenses
issued pursuant to the next to last sentence
of Section 4(b) (1) of this Proclamation,
all licenses issued pursuant to this Proclamation which could be utilized to enter
crude oil or gasoline pursuant to another
Proclamation shall expire effective 12:01
a.m., April 14, 1980. Notwithstanding any
other provision of this Proclamation, no
licenses shall be issued hereunder on or
after that date for the entry of any crude
oil, unfinished oils, or finished products
governed by another Proclamation during
any period in which a fee of $0.00, as provided in Section 3 of this Proclamation, is
in effect."
SEC. 4-102. Section 1 (e) of Proclamation 3279, as amended, is amended by
deleting the comma appearing after the
word "Proclamation" and by adding the
words "or any other Proclamation governing the entry of crude oil, unfinished oils
or finished products," to immediately follow the word "Proclamation".
SEC. 4-103. Section 8 of Proclamation
3279, as amended, is amended by deleting
the period at the end of the next to last
paragraph and by adding at the end of
that paragraph the following words:
"; provided, that the system of issuing allocations and licenses with respect to exchanges under Section 4(b) (1) of this
Proclamation shall remain in effect during any period in which a fee of $0.00, as
provided in Section 3 of this Proclamation, is in effect."
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this second day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:40 a.m., April 2, 1980]
National Conference of Artists
Remarks at a White House Reception.
April 2, 1980
One of the great pleasures of being
President is to be able to live in this
house-[laughter]-with the beautiful art
works which have become a part of this
historic place, the White House. When
Rosalynn and I grew up in Plains,
Georgia, we learned about music on the
radio and with some old 78-rpm records,
and we learned about art and beauty primarily from books, except for God's
world, that we could observe with our
own eyes. But since we've come here to
live, we've had a new dimension for both
art and music here in the White House.
Another of the special privileges of a
President is being able to meet outstanding Americans who are famous in their
own right because of notable achievements, and to visit with them and to have
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980 Ar
Apr. 2
part in honoring their achievements for
our country and their contributions.
A third privilege, of course, has been to
work with the National Endowment for
the Arts in broadening the base of support of what the Federal Government
does for arts and music in this country.
We have tried to encourage artistic endeavors by Americans of all kinds in the
communities throughout our country.
The administration has increased the Endowment's challenge grants to 281 arts
institutions in 41 States, I understand,
Livingston, and we've also expanded the
fellowship program for individual artists
who might otherwise have not been encouraged or not been recognized. And
Livingston Biddle has established an office, as you know, of minority concerns
within the Endowment in recent months.
The relationship between government
and art must necessarily be a delicate
one. It would not be appropriate for the
government to try to define what is good
or what is true or what is beautiful. But
government can provide nourishment to
the ground within which these ideas
spring forth from the seeds of inspiration
within the human mind. This nourishment has also been the work of the National Conference of Artists from the time
it was founded in Atlanta University in
1958, at the suggestion of one of the
artists and educators we are honoring today, Margaret Burroughs.
I think we have to recognize too that
the Conference has served to make
known the works of many African American artists, and to preserve and continue
the African cultural traditions, both here
in America and indeed around the world.
All artists speak from a special time and
place, from a personal inner experience,
and at their best, from a broader vision
that transcends and enlarges the understanding of human beings, of themselves,
of other human beings, and of the world
in which they live.
As you know, this is a special month
and a special week. Galleries throughout
the Washington area are currently featuring black artists, and the Corcoran is exhibiting art works this week of each of the
10 artists who will be honored here today.
Mayor Marion Barry has proclaimed this
African-American Visual Artists Week,
which provides a wonderful opportunity
in this new decade to recognize the fine
work which, quite often in the past, has
not been given adequate recognition.
The artists we are honoring here today
all were part of the special story of black
Africans in this century. Half of them,
I'm proud to say, were born in the South.
'And some of them were formed in the
cultural life of New York and Chicago;
quite often in the poorer areas of those
communities, but at particularly creative
times. Many have brought to their work
and to us the pain and the vitality and
the joy of the tragic changing into the
triumphant black experience of recent
decades in their work.
Their styles and materials are as varied
as the history which is covered by their
years, expressed in their works. Some
stood at the forefront of emerging new
styles; others renewed old forms and built
on them to express their vision of black
America and of the human condition.
Several have made a name for themselves
not only as artists but also as teachers,
leading the way for new generations of
artists who can make us all proud in this
country.
All have practiced their art through
the moving and often wrenching decades
when black Americans were struggling
for freedom. Many of these artists were
expressing their protest against discrimination with their paintings, with their
sculpture, with their sketches, murals,
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Apr. 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
illustrations, long before the protest hit
the streets and long before there was any
political action or judicial action. These
artists often did not receive recognition
for their work, which they deserved, or
the opportunities they need to develop
their own talent, because their development of art was not under optimal conditions. But they pressed on.
And they are here today, in the White
House, being honored by me as President
and by you as admirers of theirs. And
that's proof that they have won that difficult battle. So, their victory is a double
one, one in art and the other one in life.
It's thus a double victory for all of us
Americans. And on behalf of us all, I'm
extremely proud to welcome and to honor
this group today.
I'd like to call out the names of those
being honored. As you know, some are
present, some are represented here, some
are not represented here. But I'd like to
call the names out of those who have been
honored.
Richmond Barthe, sculptor. I've been
admiring his work lately. As you may
know, those of you who see the Social
Security Building on occasion, he sculpted
the eagle on the front. He was born in
1901 in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, and he
currently lives in Pasadena, California.
Romare Bearden, painter who is not
present and is not represented here, I understand. But this famous painter has
been recognized since the 1940's as a leading abstractionist, born in 1912 in Charlotte, North Carolina, and currently lives
in New York City.
Margaret T. Burroughs. As you know,
she's a painter, sculptor, a writer, an educator, and a founder, because she was one
of the founders of the National Conference of Artists at Atlanta University, as
well as the Dusable Museum in Chicago.
She was born in St. Rose Parish in Louisiana, and she currently lives in Chicago.
Ernest Crichlow. Ernest is, as you
know, a painter, an illustrator, and a
graphic artist. He's the founder of-is it
the Saints Gallery in New York City, and
he was born in 1914 in that city. He currently lives in Brooklyn, New York.
The next is Lois Mailou Jones. Ms.
Jones is a painter, a designer, an illustrator, and also an educator. And she has
mixed Haitian emphasis with the black
experience. As a black woman she's overcome many barriers in her life. She's a
professor emeritus at Howard University,
born in Boston, Massachusetts, and who
currently lives in Washington, D.C.
The next is not present and not represented, I understand: Jacob Lawrence, a
painter whose paintings highlight the toil
in the building of black America. He's a
member of the Council of the National
Endowment for the Arts. He was born in
1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and he
currently lives in Seattle, Washington.
The next artist is not here but is represented: Archibald Motley, Jr., painter.
Who is representing Mr. Motley? He has
preserved for America the realism of
what black America was in a time of
racial isolation. Born in 1891 in New
Orleans, he currently resides in Chicago,
Illinois, and is represented by his son,
Archie Motley.
The next one, of course, is present:
James Lesene Wells. He's a painter and
an educator, and particularly a printmaker. As a matter of fact, he's referred
to as the dean of printmakers. I'm especially glad that he was born in Atlanta,
Georgia. [Laughter] And I'm also glad
and proud, as a Washingtonian, that he
currently lives in Washington, D.C.
The next one is represented by his
widow and by his children. His widow is
Mrs. Frances White; his children, Jessica
and Charles. And I would like to recognize Charles White. He's a painter, a
graphic artist and an educator. Will his
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 3
family please stand? Mr. White's remarkable contribution to the visual culture is
now deeply a part of American art. He
was born in 1918. He died last October
in Chicago. He lived in Los Angeles, California, and we are very proud to have his
family here with us today.
The next is represented by his nephew,
Dr. Ray Bennett, and I would like to recognize Hale Woodruff. Is Dr. Bennett
here? Hale Woodruff is a painter, printmaker, a muralist, and educator. He's
recognized especially for the range of his
talent to paint anything and anybody. He
was born in 1900 in Cairo, Illinois, and
he currently lives in New York City.
I think that all of you know the quality
of the work that we are recognizing today
and the difficulty under which this remarkable talent has developed. And I'm
especially grateful, as a southerner and as
a President, that in the evolution of their
own expression of the deep commitment
of human beings, courage under difficult
circumstances, triumph over tragedy, a
constant expression of courage, and the
exemplification of the finest development
of the human mind, to show us what we
are, what we might be.
It's a distinct honor for me to be here,
to recognize this remarkable group of
Americans. Thank you very much for letting me take part in this ceremony.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:34 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
General Accounting Office Act of
1980
Statement on Signing H.R. 24 Into Law.
April 3, 1980
I have today signed into law H.R. 24,
the General Accounting Office Act of
1980. This legislation is the product of
extensive discussions between the executive branch and the Congress. The passage of this law reflects the importance we
all place on sound auditing practices
within the Federal Government. This act
is another in a series of laws sponsored by
Representative Brooks and Senator Glenn
to assure that the taxpayers' dollars are
spent as the Congress has directed.
This legislation involves complex issues
with constitutional implications, and its
passage required negotiations in good
faith by all parties. I am confident that
this cooperative spirit will extend to the
implementation of the act's provisions.
The General Accounting Office Act of
1980 will for the first time permit the
GAO to audit most of the confidential expenditures made by agencies, which are
now authorized solely by the signature of
the President or agency head. While this
legislation requires that the GAO determine whether an expenditure has been
made as, authorized by law, it also stipulates that confidentiality must be maintained. For instance, the specific details
of and the identities of individuals involved in law enforcement investigations
need not be disclosed to the GAO in order for it to carry out its statutory responsibilities. Audits of certain highly sensitive
financial transactions of the Department
of State must also be conducted with
utmost confidentiality.
In addition, this act establishes procedures by which the GAO may gain access
to the documents and records of Federal
agencies, contractors, and grantees, and
it provides for judicial enforcement of the
GAO's written requests and subpenas.
A third major feature of the act establishes a formal procedure by which congressional leadership may recommend
individuals to the President for appointment to the positions of Comptroller General and Deputy. Because the General
Accounting Office is the Congress main
603
Apr. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
auditing and investigating agent, the recommendations of the congressional leaders will be of particular assistance to the
President in his selection of nominees for
these positions.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 24 is Public Law
96-226, approved April 3.
Regulatory Reform Legislation
Statement on Approval by the Senate
Governmental Affairs Committee.
April 3, 1980
I am delighted that the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee has approved
the bill to reform regulatory procedures
(S. 262). The unanimous vote of the
committee this morning means that we
have taken another major step toward
making regulations more cost-effective
and more efficient. I hope that the Congress will take quick action to pass the
legislation. It is an important part of our
long-range program to minimize the inflationary impact of Federal regulations
on the Nation's economy.
Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah
Restoration Act
Statement on Signing H.R. 4996 Into Law.
April 3, 1980
I am pleased to sign into law H.R.
4996, a bill to restore the Federal trust
relationship and Federal services and
benefits to the Paiute Indian Tribe of
Utah.
The bill requires that within 2 years,
the Secretary of the Interior develop and
submit to the Congress a plan for the enlargement of the tribe's reservation, including the acquisition of not more than
15,000 acres of land. In developing the
plan, the Department of the Interior will
study closely the needs of the tribe for
enlargement of its reservation and make
every effort to meet those needs without
the expenditure of public funds.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 4996 is Public Law
96-227, approved April 3.
National Nursing Home Week,
May 11-18, 1980
Message of the President. April 3, 1980
Frail and vulnerable people should
have a primary place in the minds and
hearts of all Americans. Many of them
turn to nursing homes for the support and
care they cannot find elsewhere.
On the occasion of National Nursing
Home Week, I salute the hundreds of
thousands of persons who give of themselves unselfishly in serving our senior
citizens. I also applaud and congratulate
those facilities which aspire to the highest
ideals of this service.
Care of the frail and vulnerable is not
always easy, but those who have provided
it unstintingly and with devotion know
that it has its rewards.
There is nothing more reprehensible
than the exploitation of those who are
defenseless. We therefore owe our special
thanks to those in the health care field
who consistently work to improve the
quality of life of nursing home inhabitants.
On this occasion I call upon the American people to make our nursing homes an
integral part of our communities. The
conditions that prevail in them should reflect the compassionate concern of community groups, families, churches, service and labor organizations and private
individuals. And the quality of attention
they provide should be a credit to the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 3
professionals who staff them and a source
of pride to all who are associated with
them.
National Nursing Home Week gives all
of us-those who manage and work in
nursing homes, friends of nursing home
residents and those who share the concerns of their communities-the opportunity to rededicate ourselves to setting
and perpetuating the highest standards of
care for those who must make these institutions their home in their declining
years.
JIMMY CARTER
Commission on Civil Rights
Nomination of Three Members.
April 3, 1980
The President today announced three
persons whom he will nominate as members of the Commission on Civil Rights.
They are:
MARY FRANCES BERRY, associate professor of
history at Howard University and former
Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare for Education. Berry, 42, was chancellor of the University of Colorado before
she was appointed Assistant Secretary of
HEW in 1977. She resigned from HEW earlier this year.
BLANDINA CARDENAS RAMIREZ, director of development at the Inter-Cultural Development
Research Association in San Antonio.
Ramirez, 35, was Director of the Children's
Bureau at HEW from 1977 to 1979 and was
previously director of the Center for the
Management of Innovation in Multicultural
Education in San Antonio.
JILL S. RUCKELSHAUS, who was Special Assistant to the President for Women's Affairs
from 1972 to 1974. Ruckelshaus, 43, is active
as a speaker on women's rights and was a
delegate to the 1975 and 1977 National
Conferences for Women. She serves on the
advisory board of the National Women's
Political Caucus.
National Consumer Cooperative
Bank
Nomination of Frank B. Sollars To Be a
Member of the Board of Directors.
April 3, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Frank B. Sollars, of Washington Court House, Ohio, to be a member
of the Board of Directors of the National
Consumer Cooperative Bank, a new
position.
Sollars, 58, is a farm owner and operator in Fayette County, Ohio, and president
of Sollars Brothers Corp., which manufactures farm equipment. He is on the board
of directors of the Fayette County Bank
and is chairman of the board of directors
of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. Sollars is past president of the Ohio Farm
Bureau Federation and a past director of
the Ohio Chamber of Commerce.
Overseas Private Investment
Corporation
Nomination of Dean R. Axtell To Be
Executive Vice President. April 3, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Dean R. Axtell, of Park
Forest, Ill., to be Executive Vice President
of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. He would replace David Gregg,
resigned.
Axtell has been president of DESA Industries Division of AMCA International
Corp., a manufacturer of consumer and
construction products.
He was born April 11, 1927, in Kenosha,
Wis. He received a B.B.A. from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and became a
certified public accountant in 1953.
From 1955 to 1974, he was with the firm
of Inland Ryerson Construction Products
605
Apr. 3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Co., initially as an accountant and finally
as vice president for building systems, then
vice president for operations. From 1974
to 1976, he was vice president and general
manager of Varco-Pruden Division of
AMCA International Corp.
United Nations
Appointment of Robert E. Kaufman as U.S.
Deputy Representative on the Economic and
Social Council. April 3, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of Robert E. Kaufman as
Deputy Representative of the United
States on the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.
Kaufman has been economic and commercial officer in Brussels since 1977.
He was born October 29, 1930, in New
York City. He received a B.S. from the
University of North Carolina in 1951 and
an M.B.A. (1954) and LL.B. (1958) from
New York University. He served in the
U.S. Air Force in 1953 and from 1954 to
1956.
Kaufman joined the Foreign Service in
1959 and served in Maracaibo, Caracas,
Paris, Brussels, and at the State Department. From 1969 to 1971, he was political
officer (USEC) in Brussels, and from 1971
to 1973, he was special assistant to the
Counselor of the Department of State.
From 1973 to 1977, he was economic and
commercial officer in London.
Commission on Presidential
Scholars
Appointment of June K. Goodman as a
Member. April 3, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of June K. Goodman, of
Danbury, Conn., as a member of the Commission on Presidential Scholars.
Goodman is chairperson of the Connecticut Commission on the Arts and vice
chairperson of the Connecticut Board of
Education. She is executive director of the
Danbury Music Centre and is a former
elementary and high school science
teacher.
United States Air Force Academy
Board of Visitors
Appointment of Two Members. April 3, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of two persons as members of
the Board of Visitors to the United States
Air Force Academy. They are:
ROBERT LIST, Governor of Nevada (reappointment); and
WESLEY WENTZ POSVAR, chancellor of the University of Pittsburgh, who was on the faculty
of the Air Force Academy for 10 years and
served in the Air Force for 21 years.
Digest of Other
White House announcements
The following listing includes the
President's public schedule and other
items of general interest announced by
the White House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
March 29
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs.
March 30
The President met at the White House
with Mr. and Mrs. Harry Metrinko of
Olyphant, Pa., parents of Michael J.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Metrinko, who is being held hostage in
Iran.
March 31
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Representative William J. Hughes of
New Jersey;
-the National Security Council;
-Democratic and Republican leaders
of the Senate and House of Representatives.
April I
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Representative John D. Dingell of
Michigan and members of the House
Conference Committee on the energy mobilization board;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison.
April 2
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of the Treasury G. William
Miller, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management
and Budget, Charles L. Schultze,
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation,
Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the
President for Domestic Affairs and
Policy, and Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr.,
Assistant to the President;
-Mr. Moore;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President.
In an Oval Office ceremony, the President presented the American Cancer Society's Courage Award to Otto Graham,
Athletic Director of the U.S. Coast Guard
Academy.
The President participated in a briefing
on administration policies and programs
given for Members of the Senate in the
East Room at the White House.
April 3
The President met at the White House
with:
-David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant to
the President for National Security
Affairs;
-Mr. Moore;
-representatives of retail food and
drug chains;
-Secretary Miller, Paul Volcker,
Chairman of the Board of Governors
of the Federal Reserve System, James
T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Mr.
Schultze, and Mr. Kahn;
-the University of Louisville basketball
team, 1980 NCAA champions.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
The President has signed a determination that the provision of Export-Import
Bank financing to the People's Republic of
China would be in the national interest.
The White House announced that at
the President's invitation, Prime Minister
Masayoshi Ohira of Japan will pay an informal visit to Washington April 30 -May 1. The Prime Minister will confer
with the President and other administration officials. Following his stay in Washington, the Prime Minister will visit
Mexico and Canada.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
607
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted April 2, 1980
SAMUEL JAMES ERVIN III, of North Carolina,
to be United States Circuit Judge for the
Fourth Circuit, vice a new position created
by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
WILLIAM CAMERON CANBY, JR., of Arizona, to
be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth
Circuit, vice Ozell M. Trask, retired.
CHARLES L. HARDY, of Arizona, to be United
States District Judge for the District of Arizona, vice Walter E. Craig, retired.
MILTON IRVING SHADUR, of Illinois, to be
United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, vice Hubert L. Will,
retired.
FRANK J. POLOZOLA, of Louisiana, to be United
States District Judge for the Middle District
of Louisiana, vice Elmer Gordon West,
retired.
CLYDE S. CAHILL, JR., of Missouri, to be United
States District Judge for the Eastern District
of Missouri, vice James H. Meredith, retired.
Submitted April 3, 1980
ROBERT P. AGUILAR, of California, to be United
States District Judge for the Northern District of California, vice a new position created
by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
THOMAS KENDALL MINTER, of Pennsylvania,
to be Assistant Secretary for Elementary and
Secondary Education, Department of Education (new position).
F. JAMES RUTHERFORD, of the District of Columbia, to be Assistant Secretary for Educational Research and Improvement, Department of Education (new position).
MARY FRANCES BERRY, of Colorado, to be a
member of the Commission on Civil Rights,
vice Mrs. Frankie Muse Freeman, resigned.
JILL S. RUCKELSHAUS, of Washington, to be a
member of the Commission on Civil Rights,
vice Manuel Ruiz, Jr., resigned.
FRANK B. SOLLARS, of Ohio, to be a member of
the Board of Directors of the National Consumer Cooperative Bank for a term of 3 years
(new position).
DEAN R. AXTELL, of Illinois, to be Executive
Vice President of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, vice David Gregg III,
resigned.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released March 31, 1980
Fact sheet: Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980
News conference: on the fiscal year 1981 budget
revisions-by James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the Office of Management and Budget,
Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council
of Economic Advisers, and Secretary of the
Treasury G. William Miller
Transcript: announcement on the President's
schedule and the situation in Iran-by Press
Secretary Jody Powell
Released April 1, 1980
Statement: on the situation in Iran-by Mr.
Powell
Announcement: nomination of Samuel James
Ervin III to be United States Circuit Judge
for the Fourth Circuit
Announcement: nomination of William
Cameron Canby, Jr., to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit
Announcement: nomination of Clyde S. Cahill,
Jr., to be United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of Missouri
Announcement: nomination of Charles L.
Hardy to be United States District Judge for
the District of Arizona
Announcement: nomination of Frank J.
Polozola to be United States District Judge
for the Middle District of Louisiana
Announcement: nomination of Milton Irving
Shadur to be United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Illinois
Announcement: creation of a task force to consider Federal policies affecting Maine potato
growers
Released April 2, 1980
Fact sheet: Proclamation 4744, Petroleum Import Adjustment program
Fact sheet: National Conference of Artists
Released April 3, 1980
Fact sheet: the President's meeting with representatives of retail food and drug chains
Announcement: nomination of Robert P.
Aguilar to be United States District Judge for
the Northern District of California
608
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved March 30, 1980
S. 2269 --- —---------- Public Law 96-220
An act to extend the Emergency Agricultural
Credit Adjustment Act of 1978, and for other
purposes.
Approved March 31, 1980
H.R. 4986 --- —------- Public Law 96-221
Depository Institutions Deregulation and
Monetary Control Act of 1980.
Approved April 1, 1980
H.R. 2797 --- —------- Public Law 96-222
Technical Corrections Act of 1979.
Approved April 2, 1980
H.R. 3919 --- —------ Public Law 96-223
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980.
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved April 2-Continued
H.J. Res. 463 --- —----- Public Law 96-224
A joint resolution designating the week of
October 5 through October 11, 1980, as
"National Diabetes Week".
Approved April 3, 1980
H.J. Res. 520 --- —----- Public Law 96-225
A joint resolution to extend by 60 days the
expiration date of the Defense Production
Act of 1950.
H.R. 24 --- —--------- Public Law 96-226
General Accounting Office Act of 1980.
H.R. 4996 --- —------- Public Law 96-227
Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration
Act.
S. 1515 --- —---------- Public Law 96-228
An act to authorize the striking of Bicentennial medals.
609
Week Ending Friday, April 11, 1980
Sanctions Against Iran
Remarks Announcing U.S. Actions.
April 7, 1980
Ever since Iranian terrorists imprisoned
American Embassy personnel in Tehran
early in November, these 50 men and
women-their safety, their health, and
their future-have been our central concern. We've made every effort to obtain
their release on honorable, peaceful, and
humanitarian terms, but the Iranians
have refused to release them or even to
improve the inhumane conditions under
which these Americans are being held
captive.
The events of the last few days have
revealed a new and significant dimension
in this matter. The militants controlling
the Embassy have stated they are willing
to turn the hostages over to the Government of Iran, but the Government has
refused to take custody of the American
hostages. This lays bare the full responsibility of the Ayatollah Khomeini and the
Revolutionary Council for the continued
illegal and outrageous holding of the innocent hostages. The Iranian Government can no longer escape full responsibility by hiding behind the militants at the
Embassy.
It must be made clear that the failure
to release the hostages will involve increasingly heavy costs to Iran and to its
interests. I have today ordered the following steps.
First, the United States of America is
breaking diplomatic relations with the
Government of Iran. The Secretary of
State has informed the Government of
Iran that its Embassy and consulates in
the United States are to be closed immediately. All Iranian diplomatic and consular officials have been declared persona
non grata and must leave this country by
midnight tomorrow.
Second, the Secretary of the Treasury
will put into effect official sanctions prohibiting exports from the United States to
Iran, in accordance with the sanctions
approved by 10 members of the United
Nations Security Council on January 13
in the resolution which was vetoed by the
Soviet Union. Although shipment of food
and medicine were not included in the
U.N. Security Council vote, it is expected
that exports even of these items to Iran
will be minimal or nonexistent.
Third, the Secretary of Treasury will
make a formal inventory of the assets of
the Iranian Government, which were
frozen by my previous order, and also will
make a census or an inventory of the outstanding claims of American citizens and
corporations against the Government of
Iran. This accounting of claims will aid
in designing a program against Iran for
the hostages, for the hostage families, and
other U.S. claimants. We are now preparing legislation, which will be introduced in the Congress, to facilitate
processing and paying of these claims.
Fourth, the Secretary of Treasury
[State] and the Attorney General will invalidate all visas issued to Iranian citizens
for future entry into the United States,
effective today. We will not reissue visas,
nor will we issue new visas, except for
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Apr. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
compelling and proven humanitarian reasons or where the national interest of our
own country requires. This directive will
be interpreted very strictly.
In order to minimize injury to the
hostages, the United States has acted at
all times with exceptional patience and
restraint in this crisis. We have supported
Secretary-General Waldheim's activities
under the U.N. Security Council mandate
to work for a peaceful solution. We will
continue to consult with our allies and
other friendly governments on the steps
we are now taking and on additional
measures which may be required.
I am committed to resolving this crisis.
I am committed to the safe return of the
American hostages and to the preservation of our national honor. The hostages
and their families, indeed all of us in
America, have lived with the reality and
the anguish of their captivity for 5
months. The steps I have ordered today
are those that are necessary now. Other
action may become necessary if these steps
do not produce the prompt release of the
hostages.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3: 10 p.m. to
reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at
the White House.
Diplomatic Relations With Iran
Memorandum From the President.
April 7, 1980
Memorandum for the Secretary of the
Treasury
In connection with my decision today to
close Iranian diplomatic facilities in the
United States, I am directing that the
Uniformed Division of the Secret Service
provide any assistance necessary to the
Secretary of State and the Attorney Gen
eral in order to make my decision effective, including control of movement of
persons and property into and out of Iranian diplomatic facilities in the District of
Columbia.
JIMMY CARTER
Economic Sanctions Against Iran
Executive Order 12205. April 7, 1980
PROHIBITING CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
WITH IRAN
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States, including Section 203
of the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section 301
of Title 3 of the United States Code, and
Section 301 of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), in order to take
steps additional to those set forth in Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14,
1979, to deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States referred to in
that Order, and in furtherance of the
objectives of United Nations Security
Council Resolution 461 (1979) adopted
on December 31, 1979, it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-101. The following are prohibited effective immediately, notwithstanding any
contracts entered into or licenses granted
before the date of this Order:
(a) The sale, supply or other transfer,
by any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States, of any items, commodities or products, except food, medicine and supplies intended strictly for
medical purposes, and donations of clothing intended to be used to relieve human
suffering, from the United States, or from
612
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 7
any foreign country, whether or not originating in the United States, either to or
destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity in Iran, any other person
or body in Iran or any other person or
body for the purposes of any enterprise
carried on in Iran.
(b) The shipment by vessel, aircraft,
railway or other land transport of United
States registration or owned by or under
charter to any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or the carriage (whether or not in bond) by land
transport facilities across the United
States of any of the items, commodities
and products covered by paragraph (a)
of this section which are consigned to or
destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity or any person or body in
Iran, or to any enterprise carried on in
Iran.
(c) The shipment from the United
States of any of the items, products and
commodities covered by paragraph (a)
of this section on vessels or aircraft registered in Iran.
(d) The following acts, when committed by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in connection
with any transaction involving Iran, an
Iranian governmental entity, an enterprise controlled by Iran or an Iranian
governmental entity, or any person in
Iran:
(i) Making available any new credits
or loans;
(ii) Making available any new deposit
facilities or allowing substantial
increases in non-dollar deposits
which exist as of the date of this
Order;
(iii) Allowing more favorable terms of
payment than are customarily
used in international commercial
transactions; or
(iv) Failing to act in a businesslike
manner in exercising any rights
when payments due on existing
credits or loans are not made in
a timely manner.
(e) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States in any service contract in support
of an industrial project in Iran, except
any such contract entered into prior to the
date of this Order or concerned with
medical care.
(f) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States in any transaction which evades or
avoids, or has the purpose or effect of
evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set forth in this section.
1-102. The prohibitions in section 1 -101 above shall not apply to transactions
by any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States which is a non-banking association, corporation, or other organization organized and doing business
under the laws of any foreign country.
1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury
is delegated, and authorized to exercise,
all functions vested in the President by
the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to
carry out the purposes of this Order. The
Secretary may redelegate any of these
functions to other officers and agencies of
the Federal government.
1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury
shall ensure that actions taken pursuant
to this Order and Executive Order No.
12170 are accounted for as required by
Section 401 of the National Emergencies
Act (50 U.S.C. 1641).
1-105. This Order is effective immediately. In accord with Section 401 of
the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C.
1641) and Section 204 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act
(50 U.S.C. 1703), it shall be immediately
613
Apr. 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
transmitted to the Congress and published
in the FEDERAL REGISTER.
JIM MY CARTER
The White House,
April 7, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:18 p.m., April 7, 1980]
Economic Sanctions Against Iran
Message to the Congress Reporting on the
U.S. Actions. April 7, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Pursuant to Section 204(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers
Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703, I hereby report to
the Congress that I have today exercised
the authority granted by this Act to take
certain trade, financial and other measures against Iran and its nationals.
1. On November 14, 1979, I took the
step of blocking certain property or interests in property of the Government of
Iran, its instrumentalities and controlled
entities and the Central Bank of Iran. At
that time the United States Embassy in
Tehran was occupied and American personnel were being held hostage there in
flagrant violation of international law. In
addition, Iran had threatened suddenly
to withdraw its assets from United States
banks, to refuse to accept payment in
dollars for oil, and to repudiate obligations owed to the United States and to
United States nationals. Iran's actions attacked the foundations of the international legal order as well as the stability
of the world economy and the international monetary system.
2. The extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States, which I determined existed on November 14, continues
today. The United States has used every
diplomatic and legal means available to
it to end this extraordinary threat, but
without avail. Iran has ignored or rebuffed a decision by the International
Court of Justice, resolutions by the Security Council of the United Nations and
efforts by the Secretary General of the
United Nations and others to resolve the
underlying problems.
3. In light of the above, it is necessary
for me to order the following to be prohibited:
(a) The sale, supply or other transfer,
by any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States, of any items, commodities or products, except food, medicine and supplies intended strictly for
medical purposes, and donations of clothing intended to be used to relieve human
suffering, from the United States or from
any foreign country, whether or not
originating in the United States, either to
or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity in Iran, any other person or
body in Iran, or any other person or body
for the purposes of any enterprise carried
on in Iran.
(b) The shipment by vessel, aircraft,
railway or other land transport of United
States registration or owned by or under
charter to any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States or the carriage (whether or not in bond) by land
transport facilities across the United
States of any of the items, commodities
and products covered by subparagraph
(a) of this paragraph which are consigned
to or destined for Iran, an Iranian governmental entity or any person or body in
Iran, or to any enterprise carried on in
Iran.
(c) The shipment from the United
States of any of the items, products and
commodities covered by subparagraph
(a) of this paragraph on vessels or aircraft registered in Iran.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 7
(d) The following acts, when committed by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in connection
with any transaction involving Iran, an
Iranian governmental entity, an enterprise controlled by Iran or an Iranian
governmental entity, or any person in
Iran:
(i) Making available any new credits
or loans;
(ii) Making available any new deposit
facilities or allowing substantial
increases in non-dollar deposits
which exist as of the date of the
Order;
(iii) Allowing more favorable terms of
payment than are customarily
used in international commercial
transactions; or
(iv) Failing to act in a businesslike
manner in exercising any rights
when payments due on existing
credits or loans are not made in
a timely manner.
(e) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States in any service contract in support
of an industrial project in Iran, except
any such contract entered into prior to
the date of the Order or concerned with
medical care.
(f) The engaging by any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States in any transaction which evades
or avoids, or has the purpose or effect of
evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set forth above.
Attached is a copy of this Executive
Order which I am transmitting pursuant
to 50 U.S.C. 1641 (b).
4. The prohibitions in paragraph 3
above shall not apply to transactions by
any person subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States which is a non-banking
association, corporation, or other orga
nization organized and doing business
under the laws of any foreign country.
5. The above measures are being taken
in furtherance of the objectives of Resolution 461 adopted by the Security Council
of the United Nations on December 31,
1979, and would have been specifically
mandated by the Security Council on
January 13, 1980, but for a veto by the
Soviet Union.
6. This action is taken with respect to
Iran and its nationals for the reasons
described in this report.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 7, 1980.
Iranian Aliens
Executive Order 12206. April 7, 1980
AMENDMENT OF DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY WITH RESPECT TO ENTRY OF
CERTAIN ALIENS INTO THE UNITED
STATES
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the
United States, including Section 215 of
the Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended (8 U.S.C. 1185), and Section
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code,
it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-101. Amendment.
Section 1-101 of Executive Order 12172
of November 26, 1979, is amended by
deleting "holding nonimmigrant visas,".
1-102. Effective Date.
This order is effective immediately.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 7, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:19 p.m., April 7, 1980]
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Apr. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1980 Summer Olympics in
Moscow
Mailgram to the President of the United
States Olympic Committee on U.S.
Participation in the Games. April 5,1980
To Robert Kane:
I want to emphasize to you my firm and
considered judgment that the House of
Delegates of the U.S. Olympic Committee should vote Text week not to send
American athletes to the summer Olympic games in Moscow.
The continuing Soviet aggression and
brutality in Afghanistan has shocked and
horrified nations and people the world
over. It jeopardizes the security of the
Persian Gulf area and threatens world
peace and stability.
In these circumstances, a USOC decision to send a team to Moscow would be
against our national interest and would
damage our national security. It would
indicate to the Soviets-and to the entire
world-that the U.S. lacks the resolve to
oppose Soviet aggression. It would be perceived as a vindication of the Soviet
action, and you can be sure that the
Soviets would so portray it. It would
weaken the international Olympic movement.
There are times when individuals and
nations must stand firm on matters of
principle. This is such a time. If we clearly
and resolutely show the way, other nations will follow.
The American people will applaud a
USOC decision not to send a team to
Moscow. So will the Congress which
voted overwhelmingly to oppose U.S.
participation at Moscow. I believe such a
decision by the USOC will bring enhanced support for the USOC's efforts
thereafter on behalf of the interests of
American athletes.
I ask you to join me, the U.S. Congress,
and the American people in the decision
not to participate in Moscow this summer.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
[Robert Kane, President, USOC, Teagle Hall,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14853]
NOTE: Similar mailgrams also were sent to the
members of the House of Delegates of the U.S.
Olympic Committee.
The text of the mailgram was released on
April 8.
Extension of the Reorganization
Act of 1977
Statement on Signing H.R. 6585 Into Law.
A pril 8, 1980
I have today signed into law H.R. 6585,
which extends the President's reorganization authority under the Reorganization
Act of 1977 for one more year, until
April 6, 1981. The Congress has acted
swiftly in extending this authority. I commend Representative Brooks and Senators
Abraham Ribicoff and Jim Sasser for their
leadership in facilitating its passage.
During the last 3 years, the reorganization plan has proved to be a valuable tool
to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of Federal agencies. The extension of
this authority for another year provides
both the President and the Congress with
the ability to deal with organizational
problems in the Federal Government that
can only be met through joint executivelegislative action.
In the last 3 years, nine reorganization
plans have gone into effect. Those plans
dealt with:
(1) reorganizing the Executive Office
of the President;
(2) establishing the International
Communication Agency;
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 8
(3) strengthening the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission;
(4) replacing the Civil Service Commission with the Office of Personnel Management and the independent Merit Systems Protection
Board;
(5) establishing the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
(6) carrying out the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
(ERISA);
(7) establishing the Federal Inspector
for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System;
(8) establishing the International Development Cooperation Agency;
and
(9) reorganizing our international
trade functions under the new Office of the United States Trade
Representative.
A 10th reorganization plan would improve the effectiveness of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission. That plan, which
was developed as a result of the President's Commission on the Accident at
Three Mile Island, is now under consideration by the Congress.
Again, I commend the Congress for its
responsive action in passing this legislation.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 6585 is Public Law
96-230, approved April 8.
Visit of President
Anwar al-Sadat of Egypt
Toasts at the Dinner Honoring the Egyptian
President. April 8, 1980
PRESIDENT CARTER. First of all, let me
welcome everyone here.
In our great country we have a lot to be
thankful for. I won't take my entire time
to describe the blessings that we have in
the United States, but one of the blessings
that we have tonight is to have two very
close friends to come and visit us, along
with their family and their official family,
from Egypt. Sometimes when people walk
in a home, there's an instant feeling of
warmth and friendship and common purpose and even a degree of love. And that's
the way we feel when the Sadats come to
visit us at the White House.
That's not the only thing I'm thankful
for. Every day when the election progresses through its long and tortuous route,
I'm thankful that one man is not running
against me in the United States.
[Laughter] How would you like to run
against Anwar Sadat-[laughter]-for
President of the United States? I would
guess that he's possibly the most popular
man not only in our country but in most
parts of the world, because he has demonstrated in his own life, in a unique and
exemplary way, statesmanship, understanding of others in a strong and compassionate and self-confident manner, and the
epitome of political courage.
When he decided in his own fashion to
make an historic trip to Jerusalem, it
transformed the attitude of the world.
There was a shock that went through society in almost every nation on Earth and
a thrill that one person could change instantly a discouraging and even debilitating deadlock, which had given four wars
in 30 years.
It's hard to think back now on those
troubled times, because so much has
changed in the last 30 months-a time
when Israel was hated and despised by almost all Arab governments, when no Arab
leader had the temerity to even meet with
or talk to or recognize diplomatically or
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Apr. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
acknowledge the right of Israel to exist.
And President Sadat decided to change all
that. And he was received with gratitude
and friendship and with courage by Prime
Minister Begin and the people of Israel.
A lot has happened since then, and the
response has been extraordinary-an unprecedented achievement of an accord, an
agreement, a mutual commitment between Israel and Egypt after 13 days of
intense negotiations at Camp David, when
the limit of, I would say, human commitment and tenacity and perseverance and
patience was tested. And we came out
with a signed document that laid the
groundwork for the future.
I have reread this document lately, and
it's filled not only with achievement but
with promise. It would be inconceivable
that we would let this promise slip from
our grasp and end the hopes and the confidence and the aspirations of two troubled
peoples, and indeed the entire world, with
failure. It's inconceivable.
It's important for us to remember that
peace between Israel and Egypt is not a
threat to others. It's a possibility for the
realization of the hopes of the Palestinians
and the hopes of all Israel's neighbors and,
indeed, all the nations of the Arab world
to live in peace and to slowly but inevitably remove hatred from their hearts and
to seek for common understanding. It's
not easy. No one claims that it's easy. It
hasn't been easy so far. But it's important.
The two countries have set May 26 as a
goal date for the consummation of the
expectations at Camp David, and I think
we should not forget the promise, that still
exists in a live and vital way, of success.
I just summarized on a piece of paper
the basic elements of the Camp David accords. It's a brief document. And I would
hope that all of you might get a copy of it
and just read it over, because it's indeed
extraordinary. It specifies that the U.N.
Security Council Resolution 242 will be a
basis for future negotiations in the relationships between Israel and all her neighbors. It expresses a firm commitment to
the respect for the territory and the independence and the integrity and the sovereignty of all nations and the right for them
to live in peace behind recognized and
secure borders.
It specifies that the relationship that's
now developed between Israel and Egypt
should not be confined to those two nations, but the same kind of thrust should
extend to the relationship between Israel
and all her neighbors. It's a foundation for
future success with nations that so far
have not chosen to take advantage of this
wonderful opportunity.
This document specifies the organization of a self-governing authority in the
West Bank and Gaza, derived through
free elections held by the people who live
in those two troubled areas. And with the
establishment of a self-governing authority, Israel has agreed to withdraw the military government and the civilian administration associated with it, and then to
withdraw all her troops from the occupied
territories, and then the remainder of
those troops to be located in specified security locations. The people of those two territories are granted autonomy, and as
Prime Minister Begin said many times in
the presence of President Sadat and me,
not just autonomy-full autonomy. Full
autonomy, he said many, many times.
It's important for us to know that the
agreement calls for a strong local police
force and for that local police force to be
interrelated with law enforcement officials
in Jordan and in Egypt and in other surrounding countries.
It's important for us to remember that
security arrangements should be agreed
upon, that there should be a recognition
of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 8
people, that the Palestinians have a right
to participate in the determination of their
own future, and that the Palestinian question should be resolved in all its aspects,
and that the nations involved-that is,
Egypt, Israel, we, and others-should provide for the resolution of the problem of
the Palestinian refugees.
You can see how far-reaching this
document is, and Prime Minister Begin,
President Sadat, and I are pledged to
carry out all these agreements on our word
of honor and on the honor of the nations
that we represent. It's a solemn commitment which cannot be lightly ignored or
violated.
The world now may be skeptical about
the prospects of success, but the world is
not nearly so skeptical now as it was before Camp David or before the peace
treaty was signed between Israel and
Egypt. We've overcome difficulties in the
past, and the United States plays a full
role in assuring that the negotiations now
underway will be successful.
A week from now, Prime Minister
Begin will be here. And he has the same
commitment to the success of this effort as
is shared between President Sadat and myself. We cannot afford to fail, because of
these two nations committed to peace and
led by courageous men who are determined not to fail.
Tonight, I would like to propose a
toast: To the people of Egypt, a proud
and ancient nation which has provided
leadership for the world through many
generations, and for its great leader, President Anwar Sadat, his lovely wife, and all
the human characteristics that are so fine
and noble which they represent. And I'd
like to propose a toast to peace.
PRESIDENT SADAT. My dear friend,
President Carter, Mrs. Carter, dear
friends:
Thank you for your kind words and
genuine hospitality.
As you well know, it is always a pleasure
for us to visit your great country and work
with you for the noble cause of peace and
friendship among nations. The historic
steps we have taken together on the road
to peace constitute the most positive contribution to that cause.
We are determined to pursue our mission until a comprehensive settlement is
achieved. This was our pledge when we
started together, and it remains our firm
commitment. If a comprehensive settlement was a necessity at the time we began
our endeavor, it is an absolute must today.
The talks we held today confirmed my
confidence in your unwavering commitment to justice and morality. You have
demonstrated once again your sensitivity
to other people suffering a denial of rights.
You have proven your determination to
stand firm by your commitments. You set
a shining example for genuine concern
and unselfish concern for peace and stability in every corner of the world. You
fully realized the interdependence and
community of interests between all nations
today. As ever, you shouldered your responsibility with vision and courage.
In the weeks and months ahead, we
shall continue to work together for the
consolidation of peace. We shall spare no
effort in our concerted drive to effect a
genuine change in the West Bank and
Gaza. A real transfer of authority must
take place, and a new era of reconciliation
should begin. This would be in the interest
of all nations, not the Palestinian peoples
alone. No one benefits from the continuation of occupation and the perpetuation of
conflict. No one profits from the escalation
of tension and the deepening of suspicion,
suspension, and distrust among those who
live in the same region. Everyone stands to
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Apr. 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
gain from a just and lasting peace in the
cradle of civilization.
I am happy to say that we are quite satisfied with the development of our cooperation in various fields. This is greatly appreciated by every Egyptian. We are
determined to intensify the creative exchange between our peoples for the good
of all nations. Such a healthy and sound
relationship, based on mutual respect and
trust, can promote a higher degree of universal understanding and cooperation. It
sets a model for human interaction and
solidarity with those who believe in the
oneness of the destiny of man. Let us
pledge to continue this march and reinforce our friendship in every possible way.
Dear friends, permit me to ask you to
rise in a tribute to our great friend, President Jimmy Carter, and Mrs. Carter, to all
of you present tonight, to every American
who lent us his support and understanding, and to the ever-growing friendship
between our nations. God bless you all.
NOTE: President Carter spoke at 8:07 p.m. in
the State Dining Room at the White House.
Older Americans Month and
Senior Citizens Day
Proclamation 4745. April 9, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Each year since 1963, the month of May
has been designated as our Nation's special
time for both honoring our older citizens
and assessing their present needs. It is my
deep belief that not only the form, but the
meaning, of that tradition must be
observed throughout America.
Since I became President, my Administration has worked hard-and successfully-to improve the quality of older persons' lives by enhancing their physical and
material security and by providing greater
opportunities for them to continue utilizing their skills and experiences.
We have firmed up the financial base of
the Social Security system and are continuing to monitor closely the revenue
needs of this most fundamental social
program.
We have worked with the Congress to
pass the Older Americans Act, which will
unify and improve the administration of
services.
We have pressed for stronger laws to
protect older people against discrimination in the job market and in the allocations of Federal resources, and we have
streamlined the enforcement of those laws.
We have also taken the initiative to
end age discrimination in employment
opportunities.
However, significant changes are taking
place in our population which raise new
issues, and highlight new aspects of existing issues. A decline in the birth rate,
along with improvements in health care,
are moving us toward a society in which
more Americans, and a higher proportion
of Americans, will be older. The implications of this gradual but certain shift will
be felt by all segments of society.
Answers must be found to a host of
questions which have just begun to be
asked, let alone resolved.
* How can America be assured that the
talents, creativity and experience of its
older citizens are adequately tapped
through opportunities for salaried employment, self employment and work as
volunteers?
* How do we identify and support more
policies, both public and private, which
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 9
further the independence and dignity of
older people?
* How can we target resources to meet
the health and social needs of older persons with special problems, without perpetuating the myth that most elderly are
frail or helpless?
* How can we expedite the transfer of
new knowledge from the remarkable advances of biomedical, social and behavioral research?
* How can we focus public policy on the
needs and resources of the elderly?
* How can we assure that elderly members of minority groups are full participants in America's progress on behalf of
the aged?
* What is the proper role of government at federal, state and community
levels in assuring services and opportunities for older citizens, while encouraging
the work of private organizations and the
caring support of families?
Now is the time to renew a national discussion on these and related issues,
through local, state and regional meetings
leading up to the White House Conference
on Aging in 1981. The forums must involve Americans from all segments of our
society: business, labor, educational, cultural, religious, political and community
leaders; specialists working with the aged;
and, most important, older people
themselves.
I therefore urge that community forums
be held throughout the Nation during
May, to begin the process which will culminate in a thoughtful, productive and
enduringly beneficial White House Conference in 1981.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate May 1980 as Older
Americans Month. I ask all Americans to
participate in the activities and discussions
marking this special period, so that
America can be strengthened and enlightened by the result. I further designate
May 8, 1980, as Senior Citizens Day in
honor of older Americans.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of April,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
eighty, and of the Independence of the
United States of America the two hundred
and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:26 p.m., April 9, 1980]
National Consumer
Education Week
Proclamation 4746. April 9, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
America's economy is the largest and
most complex in the history of the world.
It offers an unparalleled choice of goods
and services. For our economy to work
best for our people, all of us must have the
information and knowledge we need to
make intelligent decisions as consumers.
Every citizen can benefit from knowing
more about consumer laws, rights, and
avenues of redress. Many people-including the young, the elderly and the poorneed help in learning about buying skills,
financial management, resource conservation methods, and self-help or alternative
solutions to economic constraints. In addition, educated consumers can do much to
ensure genuine competition, increased
productivity, higher quality, and lower
prices in the marketplace.
621
Apr. 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Many good programs for consumer education, public and private, are now in
place. But we need a more comprehensive
and coordinated approach. Just as our
democratic political system needs wellinformed citizens, our free economy needs
well-informed consumers who can participate effectively in the marketplace partnership among consumers, government,
and business.
Schools, governments, consumer organizations, labor unions, and businesses all
can play a role in meeting this challenge.
I call upon each of these sectors to examine closely how, individually and collectively, they can initiate and support
consumer education.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim the week beginning
October 5, 1980, as National Consumer
Education Week.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day of April
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:27 p.m., April 9, 1980]
Visit of President Sadat
of Egypt
Remarks to Reporters Following a Meeting.
April 9, 1980
PRESIDENT CARTER. Again our Nation is
honored and pleased to have President
Anwar Sadat come here representing the
great nation of Egypt. His personal courage and his understanding of difficult
issues, his patience in negotiations, and his
very sound advice and wisdom which he
shares with me, all are very helpful to our
Nation in seeking peace not only in the
Middle East but throughout the world.
The closeness of our diplomatic relations and between our peoples is indeed
reassuring to us as Americans. We've had
perhaps the most far-reaching discussions
this last 2 days, in my own experience as
President, concerning many issues that affect our two nations. We have concentrated especially on further progress for
peace in the Mideast between Israel and
all her neighbors. This is a good exploratory opportunity for us to define the issues
more specifically and to detect any differences that might exist between ourselves
and the people of Egypt.
We are preparing now for a visit next
week with Prime Minister Begin, who will
be here with representatives of his government, and we expect this to be another
step toward the realization of the hopes
and expectations spelled out so plainly and
specifically in the Camp David accords:
the realization of security for Egypt and
security for Israel, peace between all the
nations in the region, a recognition of
sovereign rights, a recognition of Israel's
security behind recognized borders, a recognition of the realization of the Palestinian rights, the recognition that the
Palestinians must have a voice in the determination of their own future, a resolution of the refugee question. All these elements, described so well in the Camp
David accords, are our common goals.
These talks have been constructive. And
of course no decisions could be reached
yet, because Prime Minister Begin and the
Israelis must be carefully consulted as
well. The United States will continue to
play a major role in these discussions, as
necessary. And I look forward to seeing
622
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 9
Prime Minister Begin when he arrives next
week. We have kept him informed-I
have-about the progress of our own talks
here, and we have shared with him the
basic elements of our discussion. I will be
making a full report to Prime Minister
Begin following President Sadat's departure, and after Prime Minister Begin's
visit, I will, of course, make a full report to
President Sadat.
I'd like to ask now our distinguished
guest to say a word. We are honored,
again, to have him here, and I'm deeply
grateful for what he adds to my ability to
lead this country. President Sadat.
PRESIDENT SADAT. In the last 2 days we
have discussed and explored all possible
alternatives to give momentum to the
peace process. Let me tell you this in all
candor: A year before, we signed here the
treaty between Egypt and Israel. Every
party has fulfilled his obligations scrupulously. But as I said, in all candor, we
could have never achieved this without
the help of President Carter and the
American people behind him.
At this moment there are lots of difficulties and new developments in the area
where we live, namely, Afghanistan, Iran,
the threat to the gulf. All this, in my view,
should enhance the efforts for reaching
an agreement upon the full autonomy for
the Palestinians; that has been the material of the second document *of Camp
David. As you know, the Palestinian question is the core and crux of the whole
problem in the Middle East and the ArabIsraeli conflict. And let me add that with
the help of the United States, with the
help of President Carter and his decision
and his principles, I'm sure we can reach
agreement and overcome all the difficulties, like the difficulties we faced before.
President Carter's decision to act as full
partner was a turning point in the history
of this conflict, and it was behind all the
achievements that we have reached in the
last 2 years-that no one could have believed it could happen in a matter of 2
years, after such a long time in this dispute. Let me seize this opportunity and express my gratitude for my dear friend,
President Carter, and for the very warm
sentiments of the gallant American people,
whom I am proud of being their friend.
And as I promised before, I shall never let
you down.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: President Carter spoke at 11:45 a.m. on
the South Grounds of the White House.
Visit of President Sadat
of Egypt
White House Statement. April 9, 1980
President Sadat and President Carter
have completed 2 days of extensive talks
in which they reviewed carefully and in
depth a wide range of issues, including the
Middle East, Southwest Asia, Africa, and
the remaining issues in the current autonomy negotiations. The talks were held in
the spirit of the close relationship which
President Sadat and President Carter have
developed along with Prime Minister
Begin in working together to bring peace
to the Middle East.
Both leaders reaffirmed their conviction
that the Camp David agreement and the
subsequent peace treaty between Egypt
and Israel have produced the first tangible
steps, after decades of conflict, toward
achieving real peace in that troubled area
of the world. President Carter praised the
scrupulous implementation of the peace
treaty, at times even ahead of schedule,
noting that both President Sadat and
Prime Minister Begin have proved to the
623
Apr. 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
world their dedication to sparing their
people the agony of war.
In their discussions, the two Presidents
asserted again their joint determination to
pursue to successful conclusion, within the
Camp David framework, the current
autonomy negotiations as another step
toward a comprehensive peace settlement
in the Middle East. They focused on ways
to accelerate the peace process and to resolve the remaining issues in the negotiations. President Carter plans to pursue
these discussions in an equally thorough
examination next week with Prime Minister Begin.
The two Presidents reaffirmed that the
objective of the parties is to do everything
possible to reach agreement by the May 26
goal set out in the agreement which President Sadat and Prime Minister Begin sent
President Carter at the time they signed
their peace treaty.
They were joined for their discussions
on the Egyptian side by the Minister of
Defense and War Production, General
Kamal Hassan Ali; the Minister of State
for Foreign Affairs, Dr. Butrus Butrus
Ghali; the Ambassador to the United
States, Dr. Ashraf Ghorbal; and First Under Secretary and Director of the Office of
the Vice President, Dr. Usoma al-Baz.
The American side was also represented
by the Vice President; Secretary of State
Cyrus Vance; the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, Dr.
Zbigniew Brzezinski; the Personal Representative of the President, Ambassador Sol
Linowitz; Ambassador to Egypt, Alfred
Atherton; the Deputy Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs,
David Aaron; Assistant Secretary of State
Harold Saunders; and National Security
Council staff member, Robert Hunter.
Caribbean/Central American
Action
Remarks at a White House Reception.
April 9, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Governor Graham and
members of the board of trustees of the
Caribbean/Central American Action,
ladies and gentlemen:
It's a great opportunity for us to be
together, and it's a pleasure for me to
welcome you here to the White House.
We have before us an exciting and extremely important new enterprise. I know
you've spent time today discussing what
might be accomplished in the future and
some of the elements that comprise the
circumstances under which we will be
working together, not only among ourselves but with literally thousands of other
Americans who share our interest in the
Caribbean region, including the islands
and the countries of Central America.
Tonight marks what I think will be a
significant new effort to forge bonds of
friendship between the people of the
United States of America and our neighbors to the south. Bob Graham has named
this group Caribbean/Central American
Action, and the emphasis, as you well
know, is on the word "action." This is
important to us, because what we do will
go far beyond good intentions or even
good speeches or public statements. We're
looking for results, exemplified by lasting friendships both between nations and
between people.
This action group represents a coming
together of two concerns: first, our shared
concern about the vital importance of the
entire Caribbean region-that concern
and interest has been growing lately-and
secondly, a recognition that the friendship
on a people-to-people basis must be the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 9
foundation for any progress that we envision taking place.
Let me say just a few words about each
one of these aspects of our interest. The
United States is one of a large number of
nations and peoples who are washed by
the waters of the Caribbean. We are a
Caribbean nation just as surely as we are
an Atlantic nation or a Pacific nation.
Geographically, it's not only the Virgin
Islands and Puerto Rico, but it's also
other States as well; Florida, Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas are Caribbean States.
The cultures of our regions enrich one
another-language, shared music, a common interest in sports, a common historical background, a common realization of
the opportunities for the future. The ties
of blood kinship are very strong, and this
can be a basis on which we predicate
future progress. Members of the same immediate family share citizenship and
residence here in our country and citizenship and residence in every other one of
the nations in the Caribbean region.
We recognize the extreme strategic
importance of the region. This is not of
importance only to the United States, but
every one of the nations in whom we are
interested also must share that common
strategic interest and importance. Our
security is related one to another.
The waters of the Caribbean touch
more than 20 independent nations and
more than a half-dozen dependencies.
And as you know, the formation of new
nations has been an almost explosive and
a very exciting event in the last few years,
and in the next few years as well. Except
for us and Venezuela, Mexico, and Colombia, the other nations are relatively
small, but each one is important in its
own right.
The economies of this area are quite
vulnerable to international or global price
structures and actions taken on a multinational basis outside the region. Many of
these countries are heavily dependent on
one or two or very few commodities. And
when the prices for their products are set
outside the borders of their own country,
there is a tendency to blame all domestic
problems on outside forces. This causes
people to want to lash out or to distrust
outsiders. It creates instability, and it also
makes possible the intrusion of alien forces
into a country who do not have the best
interests of the people as a prime
consideration.
The exploitation of dissatisfaction and
the desire for change is a recognized fact.
These factors have created an open avenue for Cuban adventurism-a Cuba
supported by and encouraged by, financed by the Soviet Union. We tend to
misunderstand the threat of Cuba. Certainly they contribute to violence and instability in the Caribbean region, but the
real threat of Cuba is that they claim to
offer a model to be emulated by people
who are dissatisfied with their own lot
or who are struggling to change things for
the better. Cuba's promise, as you well
know, is an empty one, just as Cuba's
claimed independence is a myth. The
inability of Cuban leaders to breathe one
critical word of Soviet imperialism, even
refraining from criticizing the Soviets'
actual invasion of Afghanistan, shows a
total absence of independence on the part
of Cuba.
As you know, the Soviets prop up
Cuba's bankrupt economy with an infusion of several millions of dollars every
day. Moreover, Cuba is the only nation on
Earth, I believe, that is more dependent
on one major commodity now than it
was 20 years ago. The stagnation there is
debilitating indeed. And we see the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
hunger of many people on that island to
escape political deprivation of freedom
and also economic adversity. Our heart
goes out to the almost 10,000 freedomloving Cubans who entered a temporarily
opened gate at the Peruvian Embassy just
within this week.
We have a concern, yes, about Cuba's
threatening role in the Caribbean, but our
overriding interest is not to respond to
threats of this kind. Our overriding interest must be the well-being, the unselfish
relationship between Americans of all
kinds and the people who live in that
troubled region, but important region.
They're not the only ones who are
troubled. Our country, as you well know,
shares the same problems, the same
troubles of excessive dependence on outside energy, on excessive inflation rates, on
relatively high unemployment rates, on a
common desire for security, on a struggle
to exemplify in our own lives the principles and ideals which we hold so precious. We're not a big brother setting a
perfect example in a perfect society for
others who are less fortunate than we.
We share with our neighbors to the south
the same basic problems and also, most
importantly, the same basic opportunities.
This is a time when people who suffer under dictatorships of the left and
the right want a free voice to express
their displeasure and their urging for
change, and we are concerned when
they're deprived of a right to speak or to
act in their own best interest.
Democracy is a vital force in the Caribbean region. We want to encourage
that vital force. We've seen tangible evidence in the Caribbean and the South
American region of an improvement in
the turnirg toward democracy by many
peoples there; in the Dominican Republic, for instance, in the 1978 electionfirst time in the history of that country
when there had been a peaceful change
of administration brought about by open
and free elections. In Saint Vincent and
Saint Kitts/Nevis, the recent elections
have also demonstrated that democracy
works. In some, there've been temporary
setbacks-in Suriname and in Grenada,
for instance-but we hope that that interruption will be temporary.
I'd like to say that Central America,
as contrasted with the Caribbean, is going through an even more turbulent time
right now, when political polarization increases. The advocates of peaceful and
democratic change become the targets of
both extremes from the right and the left.
This is happening in El Salvador. We're
deeply concerned about occurrences
there. It could happen other places. The
Government of El Salvador is struggling
with some very significant reforms in land
ownership-one of the most sweeping
land reform efforts that I have ever witnessed. And of course we know that this
is an effort that both extremes of the
right and left would like to see fail.
The challenge to us is to refrain from
unwarranted intervention in the internal
affairs of any other country, but in a
completely proper and open way to help
those who want to improve their own
lifestyle, their own freedom, and their
own economic well-being.
We ourselves are undergoing very rapid
change. We're trying to reverse our dependence on imported oil. We are one
of the players on the international scene,
along with other countries. We're seeking
to alter our ideas and develop better relationships with countries in the developing world. Throughout my own Presidency, we have increased our interest in
democratic principles, human rights, and
the individuality and the recognition of
the importance of each particular country
in this troubled region.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980 Ar
Apr. 9
Since I was inaugurated, we have more
than doubled aid to the Caribbean region. When the Congress completes action
on the present aid program, which I think
will pass, we will have nearly quadrupled
our aid to Central America. And as you
all know, this is a time of extraordinary
budgetary restraint.
In addition to these bilateral efforts, we
have encouraged the formation and
worked very closely with 30 other nations
and 15 international institutions to provide additional economic help for the
Caribbean region-working with the
World Bank and others. Multilateral assistance has increased fourfold between
1976 and 1980, from $1 10 million to more
than $400 million in that brief period of
time.
In short, we have put a high priority
on a better aid program for the Caribbean region and for Central America. Our
values and our concerns require that we
play an active role in this region. We've
done a lot as a government. I need not go
down any more details, but I would like
to say that the relationship between our
countries is shaped very slightly by actual,
tangible, definite government action.
In many nations of the south, the "U.S.
Government" itself is at least partially
suspect-likely without good reason, on
occasion with reason. And that's what
makes it so important for us to expand
what the Government can do in a limited
way at the Federal level and encompass
other elements of American life who can
act more definitively and more effectively to magnify the beneficial influence of
our great country among the nations and
the peoples in the Caribbean region.
The talent, the scientific knowledge,
the educational ability, the wealth, the
technology of our country is not focused
in the Federal Government. It's focused
in farmers and workers and businesses
and universities, in local governments; it's
focused in churches; it's focused among
civic groups who have a benevolent character. This is where the real strength of
our country lies, and this is an opportunity for tapping the treasure -of what the
United States is to reach the goals that
you are defining in this new entity. That's
why we're here today.
I might say that we don't want to supplant the outstanding groups already devoted to similar purposes. We are not
going to create a new bureaucracy. We're
going to try to coordinate, as best we can,
those groups already doing such a wonderful job, build on them, and bring in
other thousands of Americans to help us
with this common purpose. We're interested in dignity, development, and democracy.
Dignity, to be derived in the hearts
and minds of hundreds of thousands of
our neighbors who knowv for a fact, because we are sincere, that we value them,
that we want them to have a better life,
that we want them to trust us with good
reason, not because we have any selfish
intent to exploit them as a customer or
even as a political ally, but because we
know for certain that they and we share
common opportunities and common purposes.
Development, not in the form of
huge projects perhaps, but communitytype interrelationships that can be derived
only with a clear understanding of their
opportunities and their needs-here
again, there is no way to separate the
mutuality of benefit to be derived.
And democracy, not trying to foist
on others an exact replica of our own government, but to demonstrate by how we
act and what we do that our way of life,
based on freedom., based on the value of
the individual, is worthy of free adoption
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
by others through their own exercise of
their own judgment.
Many of you have spent a good part of
the day discussing these issues; I know
that. But we ought not to forget that
everyone here ought to be the core of an
enlarging group to encourage diversity of
ideas and actions. Each one of you can
very quickly think of 10 different organizations or 100 different people that might
very well be interested in a particular
aspect of people-to-people relationships
that would build on friendship, or a business or other relationship that would give
us mutually a better life. And I hope that
the universities and the churches and the
professional groups and others will search
diligently for new opportunities for the
future.
I happen to be particularly interested
in the Friendship Force, because Rosalynn
and I organized it while I was Governor
of Georgia. We had a sister state in Latin
America, and we would send back and
forth every year two or three hundred
Georgians to live in private homes, and
that same state would send two or three
hundred of their people to live in the private homes in Georgia. It never got a
nickel of any government money, and it
provided an exciting new dimension of
knowledge of one another. And we've
tried to bring that now to the Federal
level.
Obviously, there are many other ideas
that can be built upon or created. The
Partners of the Americas have tremendous
experience that can permeate this entire
organization, all aspects of what we do,
for the better. And of course, the Sister
Cities program is another that can be expanded rapidly to encompass the people
who live in the Caribbean region. A mission on agriculture is now underway, with
Dr. E. T. York heading it up. And I hope
that all these groups and many others will
make a beneficial impact among our
people and to the south.
The last point I want to make is this:
We ought always to remember and let our
thoughts and our actions exemplify the
fact that the benefits to be derived are
reciprocal. We're not embarking on this
effort to do other people a favor as a
handout from a more rich and more powerful neighbor. We should remember that
this is a two-way street or a three-way
street. We could get many people involved in these kinds of programs. It's a
mutual exchange. If we are to speak to
others, then we must be equally eager to
listen. If we are to teach, we must be
equally eager to learn. And if we are to
deliver, then we must also be willing to
receive, which may perhaps be the most
difficult of all.
I've written every one of the heads of
state in this region. I've met with several
groups here at the White House and over
in the Cabinet Room. The response has
been very enthusiastic. I think the Caribbean, including us and other nations, are
ready for accomplishment of these goals.
We want to reach out and make sure that
we don't fail.
This is a time when we can let this
effort exemplify the finest aspects of
American life. And if and when our effort
is successful, then it can serve as a pattern,
modified considerably or slightly, for the
beneficial extension of American hands of
warmth and hearts of friendship to other
people throughout the world. It's kind of
a test case. With your leadership and your
support, with full participation by me
when you request and the entire administration here, I have no doubt that we will
succeed.
This is not a government program; it
is your program. And I hope that each
one of you will feel equally as responsible
for leadership and for inspiration and for
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 0
innovation as I myself feel or as your
leader, Bob Graham, feels. There is no
limit to what we can achieve together,
and I stand ready and eager to help in any
way possible.
Thank you very much.
GOVERNOR GRAHAM. Mr. President,
those words captured the spirit of the
challenge that is before us. This is a classic
example of an idea and time meeting at
the present moment. The enthusiasm
which has been demonstrated by the trustees, the citizens, those who have indicated a desire to support this effort today,
is illustrative of that American spirit that
we hope to capture and mobilize and direct towards the common good of the
peoples of this great section of our planet.
We are going to be looking to the men
and women who are here today and many
others to provide the tangible and the intangible resources that will make this
project successful. We have talked previously with some of you about the kinds
of concerns that we have and the needs
that we have. We hope that you will be
attentive and generous in your response.
NOTE: The President spoke at 6:04 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Governor Bob Graham of Florida is chairman of Caribbean/Central American Action.
United States Ambassador to
Uganda
Nomination of Gordon R. Beyer.
April 10, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Gordon R. Beyer, of
Marathon, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Uganda. The Embassy at
Kampala was officially reopened in June
1979, and Beyer would be the first Am
bassador there since the resignation of
Thomas Melady and the closing of the
Embassy in 1973.
Beyer has been a Foreign Service officer since 1957 and is currently Director
of the Office of East African Affairs, at the
State Department.
He was born October 13, 1930, in
Chicago, Ill. He received an A.B. from
Harvard College in 1952 and an M.A.
from Northwestern University in 1953.
He served in the U.S. Marine Corps from
1953 to 1955.
Beyer joined the Foreign Service in
1957 and was posted in Bangkok, Yokohama, Mogadishu, and at the State Department. He attended the National War
College in 1971-72. From 1972 to 1975,
he was Deputy Chief of Mission in Dar es
Salaam, and from 1975 to 1977, he was
Deputy Director of Egyptian Affairs at
the State Department. In 1977 he was
Middle East liaison officer with the U.S.
delegation to the U.N. General Assembly.
He has been Director of the Office of East
African Affairs since 1978.
Department of Labor
Remarks at the Dedication of the Frances
Perkins Building. April 10, 1980
Thank you, Ray, for your introduction
and a chance to be here on this delightful
occasion.
Susanna and Tomlin Coggeshall, Senator Levin and other distinguished guests,
ladies and gentlemen:
This is a beautiful day in Washington,
and I think it's the kind of day that can
open our hearts to one another and also
to the significance of this occasion.
Looking back at the history of our Nation, it's significant that from time to time
there came upon the American scene an
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
outstanding and courageous and farsighted and sensitive human being who
literally transformed for the better the
life of all Americans. Nobody deserves
this ceremony and this honor more than
Frances Perkins.
We can be proud to name the Department of Labor Building after one of
America's most remarkable public servants, who was also a strong advocate of
social and economic justice, as we all
know. We should also remember that this
dedication is a token of our appreciation
and the payment of an enormous debt to
her, on the 100th anniversary of her birth.
In her life Frances Perkins saw our Nation transformed from official indifference
to one which was mobilized to fight for
and to cherish the rights of American
working people, the well-being of the poor
and the elderly, individual human rights,
and world peace. She was a witness to
momentous change, and she was a prime
agent of that change. She helped to carry
out a remarkable revolution, a revolution
which did not abolish our institutions or
our way of government; instead, she
noted, it was a revolution of a change in
habits-our habits of thought and our
habits of acting.
Many of us know the details of her
life: her work with Jane Addams in the
Settlement House, the Triangle fire, her
central role in the New Deal, the first
woman ever to serve in the Cabinet, and
the longest tenure of any Secretary of
Labor before or since-certainly up until
the present time, Ray. [Laughter] In
those years she was known as Madame
Secretary, and the whole country knew
her by that title. She once earned the
compliment that she is "the best man in
the Cabinet," and she savored the irony
of that comment.
Few people who have served in this Nation have touched our lives more directly.
The social programs which we take for
granted now have come from her struggles
and from her achievements. She called
the Social Security Act "the measure
which is nearest to my heart." She was its
chief architect and its chief advocate. Social security, the minimum wage, overtime pay, unemployment compensation,
the Works Progress Administration, the
Civilian Conservation Corps, the first
Federal requirements for workplace
safety, and an end to job discriminationthese were just a few of her many
accomplishments.
She was intensely devoted to the New
Deal. Its idea, she said, and I quote, was
that "all the political and practical forces
of the community should and could be
directed to making life better for ordinary people." She knew how to get that
done, and she did.
She firmly believed in democracy in
its strictest definition sense. And she once
said that the way to run the country is
to let the people move and follow their
own good sense. The people as you know,
did not let her down.
Her ideas, many of which were once
thought to be radical, have become part
of our basic social fabric; they have become now our ideas. She did not demand
reforms overnight, but she understood the
ebb and the flow of history, in which justice sometimes advances slowly. She took
to heart Franklin Roosevelt's conviction
that the trend of civilization itself is forever upward. "A line drawn through the
middle of the peaks and the valleys of
the centuries," he said, "always has an upward trend."
Finally, in her last years, the early
1960's, she witnessed another upwelling of
the American conscience-the civil rights
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 0
movement and the beginnings of the
Great Society. These efforts and our efforts today vindicate her optimism, that
despite the peaks and valleys of history,
we are proceeding upward.
Underlying the good works of Frances
Perkins was a deeply religious spirit. She
believed it was our obligation to God to
seek social and economic justice. She
worked with people of all faiths to carry
out that obligation, which she felt so
deeply.
In recent years it has been fashionable
among some to disavow the New Deal
and the Great Society as being out of date.
Some problems have changed, certainly,
and we must constantly search for new
approaches. But let none of us forget what
the New Deal accomplished, that it transformed the face and the heart of America,
that its basic tenet is one of an active government. And it's just as valid today as
it was then. We know that our future is
full of its possibilities still.
I grew up in a region that was dramatically affected by the New Deal. I was
14 years old when TVA and REA let us
have lights in our home and ease the
drudgery, from before sunrise to after sunset, of the life of almost all American
farmers. I saw those programs and others,
like social security and housing and public
works, give new life and new hope to
millions of Americans.
In later years, I saw civil rights legislation and court decisions and the Great
Society programs further transform life
in the South, where I live. That progress
is obviously not unique to any one section
of our country. This is a rich legacy of accomplishment and an obligation to continue the work which was begun five
decades ago.
I'm proud to be among the Presidents
who have taken this obligation seriously,
and I reconfirm my own commitment to
the social and the economic justice and
the idealism to which Frances Perkins devoted her life. Let us remember her for
a lifetime of service, but let us also remember her by carrying out the ambitions
and the painstaking work that she set
out for us to accomplish. This would indeed be the highest form of gratitude that
we could express to this remarkable woman, who served all of us and our Nation
so well.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:20 a.m. on
the steps of the Frances Perkins Building. In his
opening remarks, he referred to Secretary of
Labor Ray Marshall and Susanna and Tomlin
Coggeshall, daughter and grandson of Frances
Perkins.
Prior to his remarks, the President, Senator
Carl Levin of Michigan, and Mrs. Coggeshall
assisted Secretary Marshall in unveiling a
replica of the plaque dedicating the building to
the memory of Frances Perkins, Secretary of
Labor from 1933 to 1945. The plaque will be
placed at the Third Street ceremonial entrance
to the building.
American Society of Newspaper
Editors
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
at the Society's Annual Convention.
April 10, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Bill Hornby, Tom Winship, other editors, ladies and gentlemen:
First of all, I want to express my thanks
to you for fitting me into your very busy
schedule. I presume the reason you did it
was that you have Senator Kennedy talking to you and Dr. Brzezinski speaking to
you, Henry Kissinger speaking to you, and
you wanted at least one speaker without
an accent. [Laughter]
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Apr. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
As you may know, for the last 2 days
I've been meeting with President Sadat
of Egypt. I've been very eager to get him
out of the country before he decides to
enter the late Presidential primaries.
[Laughter] I think I'd rather run against
anyone in this country than he.
Let me say at the beginning that our
meetings these last 2 days have been very
significant. President Sadat's historic visit
to Jerusalem initiated the process of
peacekeeping which finally culminated in
the Camp David accords. And through his
efforts and those of Prime Minister Begin,
with whom I will meet next week, we
have already achieved one resulting
miracle-a treaty of peace between Egypt
and Israel. Its terms are being honored
meticulously by both sides.
Now we are engaged in negotiating to
ensure peace and security for Israel and
her neighbors, and for full autonomy for
the inhabitants of the West Bank and
Gaza Strip. We come to these current
talks, in which we are already participating, encouraged that the full agreements
carried out at Camp David, with a solemn
commitment from all three nations, will
also be fully honored, as has the treaty between Egypt and Israel.
President Sadat and I talked of many
issues. I was not surprised to find him
sharing my own thoughts and my own
concerns and my own ideas about the
course of international events.
I would like to discuss with you today
some of the most urgent imperatives of
American foreign policy, with special
emphasis in one particular area of the
world. It's important that we take a hard,
clear look together, not at some simple
world, either of universal good will or of
universal hostility, but the complex,
changing, and sometimes dangerous
world that really exists.
It's not one world, but many. It's no
longer a world that is structured and controlled by competition among colonial
powers. It's a more complicated world,
where national, religious, and ethnic assertions are fragmenting old boundaries
and old alignments. It's a world of conflicting ideologies, of unequal wealth, and
of uneven resources. It's a world in which
the capacity for destructive violence is at
once alarmingly dispersed to every single
small terrorist band and awesomely concentrated in the nuclear arsenals of the
superpowers. It's in just such a changing
world-uncertain, suspicious, shifting,
searching for balance-that we pursue
peace and security, not only for ourselves
in this great Nation but for every human
being on Earth.
We have so much youthful vitality that
we sometimes forget that we are a mature
nation in the best sense. We've been a
democratic republic now for two centuries, and we are the strongest nation
on Earth. But we live among challenges
which are, every day, a test of our maturity and our will and the skill of the
American people to deal with rapidly
changing and unpredictable times.
In many languages and out of many
unfamiliar cultures, other peoples constantly ask America for a response to
myriad and often conflicting concerns.
Nations ask us for leadership, but at the
same time they demand their own independence of action. They ask us for aid,
but they reject any interference. They ask
for understanding, yet they often decline
to understand us in return. Some ask for
protection, but are wary of the obligations of alliance. Others ask for firmness
and certainty, but at the same time they
demand flexibility required by the pace of
change and the subtlety of events. The
world asks with impatience for all these
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 0
things at once. They ask for them today,
not tomorrow.
Nowhere do we face the challenges I've
just described more directly than we do in
Iran. No single situation so aggravates the
American people, so tests our maturity, so
tries our patience, so challenges our unity,
as does the continued captivity of American hostages in the Tehran Embassy. No
other single event seems so clearly to mirror the disorder of our times. This disregard for diplomatic propriety and for international law is a special threat to the
small nation, the weak nation, the nation
without economic or military or political
power or influence. And it also comprises
a part of the competing pressures on a
great and a powerful nation like ours.
This crisis calls on us to act with courage and also with wisdom that will both
produce results and preserve life. I'm
deeply proud of the steady strength that
has been demonstrated in America in
dealing with the irresponsible Iranian authorities, who've been unwilling to act or
unable to carry out their frequent, solemn
commitments. The leaders of the Iranian
Government lack the cohesion and resolve
to bring order to their own chaotic land
or to decide on a basis for ending this
illegal detention of hostages, which has
created international crisis.
For long months, ours has been a restraint of strength, despite outrageous
provocation. I do not regret that restraint,
which was designed to protect American
lives and to explore with Iranian Government officials and with United Nations
officials and with mediators working with
us a way to resolve this crisis peacefully.
But it has become necessary, because Iran
would not act in accordance with international law and with their own interests,
for us to act again. The steps I've taken
this week-to end diplomatic relations
and to impose sanctions-are firm and
substantive, and we hope that they will
be persuasive.
America will continue the careful and
considered exercise of its power. We will
pursue every, and I repeat, every legal
use of that power, to bring our people
home, free and safe. But the hard, sad
reality is that a small number of zealots,
engaged in a power struggle within Iran,
are using the innocent American hostages
for their own advancement, with serious
adverse consequences to all Iranian
people.
In the interests of the people of Iran and
of their possible future as a unified and
peaceful nation living in freedom, it is
imperative that the Iranian Government
resolve this crisis. Every day that the
crisis continues, Iran is further isolated
from the rest of the world. Every day that
the American Embassy remains a prison
pushes Iran further into lawlessness, down
and down the spiral of disorder. With a
return of rationality, international lawlessness need not be Iran's fate; bankruptcy, political as well as moral, need not
be Iran's future.
If interference from outside is a threat,
the threat does not come from the United
States. The challenge in that area of the
world-as in some others-comes from
the intersection of two historic trends.
One is the rising demand for development
and for self-determination which is felt,
and deeply felt, throughout what we call
the Third World. The United States responds with sympathy to that demand.
The other trend is Soviet expansionism,
which we are determined to oppose.
In 1946 the United States stood firm
against Soviet occupation of northern
Iran, against Soviet-sponsored subversion
in Greece, against Soviet demands on
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Apr. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Turkey. Historically, American strength
has been used to help the countries of the
Persian Gulf area to protect their stability
and to retain their own sovereignty.
The reality of the world today is that
Moscow exploits unrest, not to address the
discontent that underlies that unrest, not
to overcome the inequalities that give rise
to unrest, but to expand its own dominion
and to satisfy its imperial objectives.
In Afghanistan, the Soviet Union has
revealed for the world the hypocrisy of
its courtship of the Third World. It has
shown that it will not be deterred by
principle or decency or by international
law or by world public opinion or by the
opposition of freedom-loving and patriotic
Afghanis. And it has made this known in
a region which is at once politically
volatile and economically crucial.
The subjugation of Afghanistan represents the first direct intrusion of Soviet
armed forces beyond the borders of the
Warsaw Pact nations since the Second
World War. The explosiveness of this
region, its great natural wealth, and the
Soviet willingness to use the armed forces
which have been developed during the
Kremlin's enormous military buildup
during the last 15 years are what combine
to make the invasion of Afghanistan so
unsettling to the future of international
peace.
In Southwest Asia, unstable and uncontrollable forces are at work. The Soviets have, with their invasion, disturbed
these forces of historic, religious, economic, and ethnic conflict that are beyond
the control of the Soviets and that could
lead to much more serious direct confrontation with other nations who have
vital interests in this region.
Nor can the world turn away from the
harsh truth that the occupation of Afghanistan is marked by appalling inhumanity. We must not forget and our allies
and other nations must not forget that
today, at this moment, every day, the Soviet Union is violating human standards
of decency and violating human rights in
the grossest kind of way. Hundreds of Afghan freedom fighters are dying every
week, some in brutal mass executions. Entire villages are being wiped out. More
than 800,000 people have fled the country. Terror tactics, including the use of
chemical weapons, are the trademark of
the ruthless attempt to crush Moslem resistance and to install a Soviet form of
peace-a peace of brutal armed suppression.
Earlier this year, 103 other members of
the United Nations joined us in condemning the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and demanding the immediate withdrawal of the invading forces. Soviet citizens have never been informed of this
United Nations action. This unprecedented condemnation was significant, but
because of the principle at stake, because
of the nation's importance to Western security, because of the savagery of the Soviet assault, which continues till now, and
because of the Soviet Union's use of its
own troops directly in such a conflict, it's
imperative that we continue to meet the
challenge of the invasion with calm and
unshakable resolution.
The measures that I've ordered are
designed to enhance peace. They include
the embargo on further grain sales,
tightened controls on high technology
trade, limitations of fishing in United
States waters, strengthening of our naval
presence in the Indian Ocean, intensification of our development of rapid deployment forces and our capacity to deploy
them and to use them, and our offer to
assist states in the region to maintain their
own security. These are necessary steps on
a course which we must and we will
persist.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
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We cannot know with certainty the
motivations of the Soviet move into Afghanistan, whether Afghanistan is the
purpose or the prelude. Regardless of its
motives, there can be no doubt that the
Soviet invasion poses an increased threat
to the independence of nations in the
region and to the world's access to vital
resources and to vital sealanes.
But our interest in peace and stability
in the region goes far beyond economics.
We cannot wish away the fact that conflict and tension in the region could endanger the broader peace. And if the invasion of Afghanistan does indeed foreshadow a pattern of Soviet behavior, then
for the coming years Americans must accept the truth that we are in for challenging and very difficult times. In this ever
more interdependent world, to assume
that aggression need be met only when it
occurs at one's own doorstep is to tempt
new adventures and to risk new and very
serious miscalculations. Our course is
clear. By responding firmly, we intend to
halt aggression where it takes place and
to deter it elsewhere.
Let me underline for you this most vital
point in our policy. America and Americans are not motivated by relentless
hostility, by a desire for indiscriminate
confrontation or a return to the cold
war. But for America simply to accept
Soviet occupation and domination of
Afghanistan as an accomplished fact
would be a cynical signal to the world
that could only encourage further aggression, further tension, and further danger
to world peace. It is America's responsibility to register, and register in concrete
terms, our condemnation of the Soviet
invasion for as long as that invasion
continues.
It is extremely important that we not
in any way condone Soviet aggression. We
must recall the experience of 1936, the
year of the Berlin Olympic games. They
were used to inflate the prestige of an
ambitious dictator, Adolf Hitler, to show
Germany's totalitarian strength to the
world in the sports arena as it was being
used to cow the world on the banks of
the Rhine.
The parallel with the site and timing of
the 1980 Olympics is striking. Let me call
your attention to one compelling similarity between the Nazi view of the 1936
Olympics as a propaganda victory and
the official Soviet view of the 1980 summer games. I'd like to read to you a passage from this year's edition of the
"Handbook for Party Militants," issued
in Moscow for Soviet Party activists, and
I quote:
"The ideological struggle between East
and West is directly involved in the selection of the cities where the Olympic
games take place. The decision to award
the honor of holding the Olympic games
to the capital of the world's first socialist
state is convincing testimony of the general recognition of the historic importance
and correctness of the foreign policy
course of our country, and of the enormous service of the Soviet Union in the
struggle for peace."
Let me repeat a part of that:
"The decision to award the honor of
holding the Olympic games to the capital
of the world's first socialist state is convincing testimony of the general recognition of the historic importance and correctness of the foreign policy course of
our country, and of the enormous services
of the Soviet Union in the struggle for
peace."
A few weeks ago I met with American
athletes in the White House. I explained
the Soviet stake in the Olympics and the
moral and political reasons why the
United States will not send a team to the
Moscow games. I understand the sacrifice
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Apr. 10Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
that has been asked from these men and
women for the sake of the security of
their country and their world; the Soviet
leaders certainly understand it. But for
our not sending a team to Moscow, this
is far more than a symbolic gesture; it's
a direct repudiation-in the phrase of
their own propaganda handbook-of the
"correctness'' of their foreign policy.
Under Olympic principles-and this is
very important-athletes represent their
-nations. Athletes who are not part of a
national team cannot compete in the
Olympics. The United States does not
wish to be represented in a host country
that is invading and subjugating another
nation in direct violation of human decency and international law. If legal actions are necessary to enforce the decision
not to send a team to Moscow, then I
will take those legal actions.
All of these decisions do require sacrifice, and I've acted to assure that the
burdens of those sacrifices are shared as
equally as possible among all Americans.
The American people have demonstrated
that they are willing to bear their share
of the burden, but it is also vital that the
burden of sacrifice be shared among our
allies and among other nations.
Neither we nor our allies want to
destroy the framework of East-West relations that has yielded concrete benefits
to so many people. But ultimately, if we
continue to seek the benefit of detente
while ignoring the necessity for deterrence, we would lose the advantages of
both.
It is essential that our intentions be
absolutely clear. The measures we've
taken against the Soviet Union since the
invasion will remain in effect until there
is total withdrawal of Soviet troops from
Afghanistan. Then, and only then, we
would be prepared to join with Afghani
stan and her neighbors in a guarantee of
the true neutrality and noninterference in
Afghanistan's internal affairs. We support
the restoration of a neutral, nonaligned
Afghanistan,' with a government that
would be responsive to the needs and the
wishes of the people of that country.
Although the Soviets have talked about
the withdrawal of their troops, they have
actually shown no interest in such proposals. There are no signs at this time of
a Soviet withdrawal. As a matter of fact,
within this last week, we have proof that
the Soviets are moving additional troop
units across the border into Afghanistan.
We must be prepared to hold our course
and to impose the costs of aggression for
as long as this is necessary. We thus face
what could be a protracted time of strain
in East-West relations.
To enhance stability as much as possible in this predictable and difficult period,
we will continue to maintain a stable military balance, both through our own
steady defense modernization and
through negotiated arms limits that are
equitable and verifiable. This objectivea stable balance-is advanced by the
SALT II treaty.
In a period of heightened tensions, it
is all the more important that we have
reliable constraints on the competition in
strategic nuclear weapons. SALT is an
integral part of our national security
policy. I remain committed to the ratification of this treaty, and the United States
intends to abide by its obligations under
international law and to take no action
inconsistent with its intent or purpose, so
long as the Soviets act with similar
restraint.
The course we pursue, therefore, in this
turbulent world is steady, firm, and fair.
It's the course of a strong, stable nation
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Apr. 1 0
practicing mature restraint, but insisting
on justice-the policy we pursue in Iran.
It's the course of a resolute nation, hopeful of good relations, but determined to
deter aggression-the course we pursue in
dealing with the Soviet Union. It's the
course of the peacemaker-the same role
to which the United States is committed
in the Middle East and indeed throughout the world. It's the course of an understanding nation, sensitive to the tides
of change and to the rights and the needs
of all people-America's rightful approach, proper approach to the revolutionary climate in which a new world is
now coming to life.
Our mission is to promote order, not to
enforce our will. Our mission is to protect
our citizens and our national honor, not
to harm nor to dishonor others; to compel
restraint, not to provoke confrontation; to
support the weak, not to dominate them;
to assure that the foundations of our new
world are laid upon a stable superpower
balance, not built on sand.
This is a worthy mission for a great nation, for a caring people, and for loyal
friends. It is the historical mission of the
United States of America. And the
United States of America will fulfill this
mission.
Thank you very much.
QUESTIONS
MODERATOR. While our panel is taking
its position, we'd like to acknowledge the
presence today of Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski,
the President's Assistant for National Security Affairs. We're looking forward to
hearing you tonight, Doctor.
Our panel of questioners today will be
Mr. Charles Bailey of the Minneapolis
Tribune., Michael O'Neill of the New
York Daily News, and Robert Healy of
the Boston Globe. The first question will
come from Mr. Healy.
SITUATION IN IRAN
Q. Mr. President, I have two questions
on your speech. You referred to frequent
and solemn commitments made by the
Iranian Government officials. What were
these commitments, and who made them?
And on Soviet expansion, is there any connection, or have you found any connecttion, between the Iranian militants that
are holding the hostages and the Soviets,
and have you given any diplomatic recognition to this by way of communications
with the Soviets?
THE PRESIDENT. The commitments
were made directly to us and through intermediaries that several things would
happen: first, that frequent and adequate
visits could be made to the American
hostages to determine their physical and
their psychological well-being, to assure
that they were getting adequate medical
care and were living under conditions that
were humane.
We also had firm commitments, including a report to us from the highest Iranian
officials in the Government, that through
a unanimous vote within the Revolutionary Council, as approved by the students and approved by Khomeini, that the
hostages would be transferred from control of the terrorists-students to the Government itself.
These kinds of commitments were made
from time to time. And invariably, before
the commitments were carried out, they
were either aborted, or those responsible
for carrying them out, through timidity,
failed to keep their commitments.
I cannot say that we have proof that
the terrorists who hold the hostages in the
compound are controlled by the Soviet
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Union. The Tudeh party in Iran is relatively small in number. In recent months
they have been highly supportive of Khomeini and the mullahs and those that are
close to him, possibly as a political ploy to
seek some better treatment from the
Ayatollah Khomeini.
The Soviets in recent weeks have had a
very strong and constant radio propaganda effort going into Iran, expressing their
approval of the actions taken by the militants in the compound. We complained to
the Soviet Union strongly and repeatedly,
and for awhile that propaganda effort
was assuaged. In recent days, however, it
has built up again.
MODERATOR. Mr. O'Neill.
Q. Mr. President, continuing on the
issue of the hostages, you said in your
speech just now that you will use every
legal power that you have to free the hostages, and the other day in your formal
statement, you said that other actions may
be necessary if the hostages are not
promptly freed. Two questions: What
kind of legal power are you thinking about
using, and two, what do you mean by
"prompt"? What is the timetable, if you
will, for the actions that you might take,
and particularly in the light of the very
violent threats that are now being made
by the militants?
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. O'Neill, I think it
would ill-advised for me as President,
having the ultimate authority and responsibility for the Nation's actions, to spell
out in any sort of detail an exact time
schedule or exactly what options are available to us.
Under international law, however,
since we are an aggrieved nation, caused
by not only the action of terrorists but
also having the terrorist actions condoned
by and even supported by the Government, the breadth of the rights that we
have to take action to redress this grievance is quite extensive.
Q. Well, on the subject of, for instance,
allied support, we are getting conflicting
reports as to whether or not they are going
to support us or not. What kind of specific
commitments are you getting from them
to either withdraw their envoys or to apply similar sanctions as you have applied?
THE PRESIDENT. Through my own personal messages, either with cables or on
the telephone, I have relayed my urging
to the allies to give us their full support.
The support has been, on occasion, effective. On other occasions, we have been
disappointed. Recently, since the effort
that has been made to have the hostages
transferred or released has been ineffective, we have increased our effort to get
the allies to act on their own initiative to
seek the release of the hostages.
I talked to some of the European leaders very recently. Yesterday and today,
the Foreign Ministers of many nations
met in Lisbon. They have decided to go to
the Iranian officials to demand that the
hostages be released immediately and to
insist upon a time schedule for the release
of the American hostages.
Options that are available to them if
such action is not forthcoming would
have to be chosen by those autonomous
and independent nations and their leaders.
We have suggested such things as the imposition of the sanctions as voted by the
U.N. Security Council, blocked legally by
the veto of the Soviet Union, and also the
withdrawal of their diplomatic personnel
from Iran, or possibly the breaking of relations with Iran.
I cannot tell you what those allies and
other friends of ours might actually do,
but we are putting as much proper effort
as possible to induce the allies to act
strongly and in a concerted way, hope
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 10
fully to break the present deadlock and
to resolve the crisis.
MODERATOR. Mr. Bailey.
POSSIBILITY OF TAX CUTS
Q. Mr. President, I'd like to ask a question or two on domestic economic matters.
What will you do if the Congress votes
this summer or fall to cut taxes, as some
are suggesting? Your aides, administration people have said there can't be a tax
cut until there is assurance that the fiscal
'81 budget will be balanced, and yet that
kind of assurance can't be available until toward the end of the budget year.
Does that mean no tax cut this year? And
if Congress passes one, will you veto it?
THE PRESIDENT. If the Congress should
pass tax legislation absent a sure commitment, enough to satisfy me, that the budget for 1981 will be balanced, yes, I would
veto such legislation.
FISCAL YEAR 1981 BUDGET
Q. On the budget-you've sent up two
budgets this year-why didn't you cut
the budget when you originally submitted
it instead of doing it a couple of months
later? What had changed so much in so
short a time? And when you did announce the changes, why weren't they
more specific? Why didn't you propose
some more painful cuts, such as cutting
the cost-of-living increases and social
security payments?
THE PRESIDENT. When we proposed
the budget in January, which was prepared, as you know, in November or early
December, there was not nearly so severe
a prospect of escalating inflation, and we
genuinely thought at that time that the
prospect of an immediate recessionary
trend was inevitable.
Since January, after we had a couple
of months to consider a rapid and unexpected increase in the inflation rate
with a commensurate increase in interest
rates, and also because we saw that the
economy was much stronger than we had
anticipated, it became obvious to me that
a more stringent anti-inflation emphasis
should be placed upon the American economy. I might point out that the 1981
budget as originally proposed was a very
stringent budget. The present attempts
to cut it further are proof of that.
In 1976, for instance, we had a deficit
in the Federal Government budget that
was equivalent to more than 4/2 percent
of our gross national product-4V/2 percent. The '81 budget as originally proposed had a deficit equivalent to only sixtenths of 1 percent of the gross national
product. So, good progress had been
made during that interim in cutting down
the size of the deficit.
We also had seen a rapid expansion of
credit, particularly consumer revolving
credit, that needed to be curtailed. The
savings rate for Americans had reached
the lowest point in 30 years, and this was
another indication of action that needed
to be taken.
Another factor that presented itself
was an unanticipated increase in imported oil prices, the international oil
prices, which went up about 120 percent in a 12-month period. It went up
more in 1979 than in all the previous
times since oil was discovered. And the
impact of this, and the aftermath of it
now that's rolling through our economy,
was to some degree higher than anyone
could possibly have anticipated.
The last point is that there is a worldwide crisis of high inflation and high interest rates. And we're trying to induce a
concerted effort, not only in our own
country, where we've had some success in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
cutting down oil consumption and oil
imports, but to try to get our allies and
other trading partners to take similar
action.
So, these are some of the changes that
did take place. I think the actions that
we took are well advised. Now the House
Budget Committee and the Senate Budget Committee have considered how to
make possible a balanced budget. My
judgment is that the soundest approach
to this is the recommendation that we've
made to the Congress. I hope that the
Congress, in it wisdom, will agree with
that assessment.
MODERATOR. Mr. Healy.
U.N. RESOLUTION ON ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS AND JERUSALEM
Q. Mr. President, I have a couple of
political questions. Why did you let Secretary Vance take the fall for the U.N. resolution vote on the Israeli settlements?
Shouldn't you have fired him or taken
responsibility yourself, as Eisenhower did
with the U-2 and Kennedy did with the
Bay of Pigs?
THE PRESIDENT. Cy and I considered
that there was enough blame or culpability to go around, and we both took a
maximum amount. [Laughter] Politically
speaking-and as I said to news peoplepersonally, I'm responsible for anything
that goes on in our Nation.
It would obviously have been better, in
retrospect, for me to study very carefully
the text of the U.N. resolution for which
I approved a positive vote. My understanding was that there were no references in the text at all to Jerusalem and
that we would clearly make sure that the
world understood that we did not favor
demanding publicly the dismantling of
the existing settlements. Those two items
had been discussed between me and Begin
at Camp David, and Sadat understood
our position. And I feel now, and felt
then, that for us to be clearly on the
record as favoring those two parts of the
resolution are in contradiction to the
further peace prospects that we are now
pursuing.
But it was a matter of Cy Vance being
responsible for what happened at the
State Department. I'm responsible for
everything that happens in the Government, including the error that was made.
PRIMARY ELECTIONS
Q. On another point, Mr. President,
you've been accused of manipulating
foreign affairs for political advantage.
There was a White House celebration of
the Camp David accord 2 days before the
New York primary, when in fact the actual anniversary date was the day after
the New York primary. There was a 7:18
a.m. press conference to announce the
breakthrough on the hostages the day of
the Wisconsin primary, and the next day
that fell through. Your pollster, Pat Caddell, said that the press conference had a
big impact on the Wisconsin primary;
your Press Secretary, Jody Powell, said
it did not. Which one is right? And what
do you say to your critics about this?
THE PRESIDENT. I think Jody is right.
[Laughter] And I think the results of the
New York primary proved that holding
of a reception at the White House on a
Sunday afternoon to commemorate the
anniversary of the peace treaty did not
materially affect the outcome of the
voters' decisions in New York.
Anyone who said that I have contrived
recent events in foreign policy to gain reelection obviously don't understand the
political process. If I could contrive international events to help me in the election,
I would have made several differences in
what has actually occurred.
MODERATOR. Mr. O'Neill.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 10
CRITICISM OF AMERICAN LEADERSHIP
Q. Mr. President, you spoke rather
eloquently a minute ago about Soviet expansionism. Governor Reagan suggested
earlier this week and others have charged
rather forcefully that there would never
have been an Iran, never have been an
Afghanistan and the kind of Soviet expansionism that we're talking about currently, if the world leaders had not really
lost confidence in American leadership
and American resolution during your
administration. They cite, for example,
inaction in Somalia, Ethiopia, Yemen,
and flip-flops on such things as the Soviet
troops in Cuba and the U.N. vote on
Palestine. What's your response to this
kind of fundamental criticism?
THE PRESIDENT. I think the people in
the Kremlin would agree completely with
what Mr. Reagan has said-that the invasion of Afghanistan was not the fault
of, nor the responsibility of, President
Brezhnev and the Politburo, but was the
responsibility of the President of the
United States. That's obviously a ridiculous claim that could only damage our
own Nation's prestige, coming from a responsible person, and help the Soviets in
their claim that they had adequate provocation from this country to take this unwarranted action.
And I'm sure the same response would
come from the terrorists who hold our
hostages captive in the American Embassy in Tehran. I think they would agree
with candidate Reagan that this was
really not their responsibility or their
fault, but the United States is somehow
culpable for this abhorrent and inhumane
action.
So, I do not agree at all with the premise which predicated those statements, but
I'm sure that our enemies or our abusers
in the Kremlin or in the compound among
the terrorists would agree completely.
Q. I'm not exactly sure that their intention was to say that you are in collaboration with the Kremlin here; I think
the argument isTHE PRESIDENT. I don't maintain that
they claim that I was in collaboration. But
what I say is that that line of argument,
that an invasion of a sovereign country
with 100,000 troops or the taking over of
a compound with innocent American hostages is somehow the fault of the United
States or its President, is completely fallacious and does not help our country and
does not help us resolve those issues that
are so important for us to resolve.
Q. No, but the basic line of argument
is somewhat different. They're saying that
if we have a long history of inaction, inability to deal effectively with our commitments around the world, that that
then leads and misleads other world
leaders, particularly in the Soviet Union,
to believe that they can take actions with
impunity without expecting to get any
kind of retaliation from the United
States. I think that's the basic argument.
And it traces back to this charge that
there is this sense among a lot of world
leaders of weak leadership in the White
House, in the United States during this
particular critical period around the
world. Now, that contributes to these miscalculations by other national leaders.
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. O'Neill, your
interpretation of what they might have
meant when they said this or that is interesting to me, but I find it still lacking in
conviction.
The record is that our Nation has always stood firm and resolved against aggression. The Soviets have used their
surrogates to go into nations with troops,
ostensibly at the invitation of the host government. This occurred in Angola, as you
well know, with Cuban troops, I think in
1975-1976. It has occurred before and
since then, when the Soviets invaded
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Czechoslovakia, when they invaded Hungary, when they took over East Germany,
took over Poland. I don't believe that
anybody could say that was because the
United States was weak or vacillating. We
have made steady progress, in my judgment, in expanding the beneficial impact
of our Nation throughout the world.
The Communist government philosophy and what occurs within those nations is not attractive enough to gain adherents without the use of violence or
force. It's not an accident that East Germany has a wall built around it. It's not
designed to keep people out of East Germany; it's designed to keep people in East
Germany. And had the Soviets been successful in selling to one of their neighbors, in Afghanistan, the attractiveness of
a totalitarian government under Communism, similar to what exists in Moscow,
then they would not have had to put
100,000 troops into an innocent country
to subjugate those people and to force
them to accept a puppet government.
This week we have seen in Cuba a
bankrupt nation, kept alive economically,
by the skin of their teeth, only with the
infusion of 3 or 4 million dollars a day
from the Soviet Union. When they temporarily opened the gates in the Embassy
in [of] Peru, 10,000 Cubans filled that Embassy to escape political persecution and
economic deprivation in Cuba.
So, for anyone to claim that it is actions
of the United States or a failure of democracy or the failure of a President that
has caused these kinds of forceful actions,
in the absence of convincing ideological
truths that have changed the shape of the
world, that's a completely fallacious example.
Our resolve is steady. NATO is strong.
We've got many new friendships. Our
country is now building up, for the first
time, our military forces after a long,
steady decline. We have very good interrelationships with our allies. Our efforts
toward peace are very sound and progressive and successful. I have no apology
at all to make for our country or for the
administration which I head.
MODERATOR. A final question from
Mr. Bailey.
RESPONSE TO SOVIET AGGRESSION
Q. Mr. President, somewhat along the
same line, you spoke today of how we are
responding firmly-by responding firmly
we intend to halt aggression where it takes
place and to deter it elsewhere. I think
one of the things that troubles a lot of
people is that speaking specifically now
of our reaction to the Soviet incursion
into Afghanistan, aside from our not going to the Olympics, which has a moral
force, but which will not stop the games,
and aside from our not selling grain to the
Soviets, who do seem able to obtain it
elsewhere-in dealing with a country
which does not appear to be swayed by
moral considerations in international affairs, what else can we do to halt aggression? Is there anything else that we can
do, beyond the moral force of whatever
policies we espouse?
THE PRESIDENT. As President I have
available to me the resources of the
strongest nation on Earth, economically,
politically, and militarily. The judgment
that I have to make when we're faced
with a challenge or with a responsibility
is to decide which of those powers or
forces that exists substantially at my command to be executed.
When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan,
I decided to exercise the economic and
political authority of this country, and not
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 0
to go to war and to exercise what military
resources we have.
Politically, we went to the United Nations, along with other countries, and in
an absolutely unprecedented fashion, an
overwhelming portion of the nations of
the world, including some nations that
are subservient to the Soviet Union or
dependent upon the Soviet Union, voted
to condemn the Soviets and to call for
the withdrawal of their troops from
Afghanistan. Thirty-four Moslem nations-not all of whom are our friends at
all, some very closely aligned with the
Soviet Union-voted unanimously to
condemn the Soviets and demand that
the Soviets withdraw.
I made a speech to the Joint Session of
the Congress, State of the Union speech,
and spelled out the commitments that we
would make to maintain steadily, even if
we have to stand alone, the economic constraints, our absence of participation in
the Olympics, and so forth. We are inducing-I think we'll have substantial
success-other nations to join us in these
restraints.
We go further than other nations, but
we are the leader of the world. We're not
as vulnerable as some others are to economic or political pressure put on them
by the Soviet Union, because of proximity
and because of our innate strength. So, I
think it's necessary for us to go a little
further than the other countries.
I don't believe there's any doubt in my
mind or in most people's minds that a
very clear signal has been sent to the Soviet Union: Your action in Afghanistan
is condemned; it will not be accepted;
the status quo will not be revived that
existed prior to Afghanistan; and further
aggression by you will result in the possible exercise of additional authority and
power by the United States and other
countries above and beyond economic and
political actions.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:31 p.m. in
the Center Ballroom at the Washington Hilton
Hotel.
In his opening remarks, the President referred to William Hornby, former president,
and Thomas Winship, president, American
Society of Newspaper Editors.
Department of Transportation
Nomination of Thomas G. Allison To Be
General Counsel. April 10, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Thomas G. Allison,
of Seattle, Wash., to be General Counsel
of the Department of Transportation.
He would replace Linda Heller Kamm,
resigned. Allison has been with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Preston, Thorgrimson, Ellis & Holman since 1979.
He was born April 7, 1946, in Sacramento, Calif. He received an A.B. from
the University of Kansas in 1968 and a
J.D. from the University of Washington
School of Law in 1972.
In 1971 and 1972, Allison was a Rule 9
public defender in Seattle, Wash. From
1972 to 1974, he was staff counsel to the
U.S. Senate Commerce Committee. From
1974 to 1977, he was transportation counsel to the Senate Commerce Committee
and was responsible for transportation
legislation and oversight coming within
the jurisdiction of the committee.
From 1977 to 1978, Allison was chief
counsel of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From
1978 to 1979, he was general counsel to
the Senate Appropriations Committee,
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Apr. 10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and in 1979 he served as special counsel
to Senator Bill Bradley.
Days of Remembrance of Victims
of the Holocaust
Proclamation 4747. April 10, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Thirty-five years ago, in the closing days
of World War II, U.S. Armed Forces
liberated the Dachau concentration camp
in southern Germany. Words can hardly
convey the shock and horror the world felt
on seeing the victims-both the living and
the dead-of the Nazi program of deliberate genocide.
Dachau and the other death camps,
Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Treblinka and
the others, were the machinery used by
the Nazi regime to perpetrate the Holocaust-the systematic, state-sponsored extermination of six million Jews and the
murders of millions of other people. The
Holocaust was a crime virtually without
equal in history. It has left deep moral
scars on all humankind. No one who participated in the liberation of those camps
or who knows their history can ever forget them-least of all the 250,000 survivors who found a home and built a new
life in this country after the war.
During my trip to Israel, I visited Yad
Vashem, the Israeli memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. I vowed then, and
I repeat now, that the world must never
permit such evil to occur again.
We must study the record of the Holocaust and learn its lessons. We must never
forget the terrible fruits of bigotry and
hatred, and continually rededicate our
selves to the principles of equality and
justice for all peoples.
In recognition of the magnitude of
those crimes against humanity, the Congress of the United States, by joint resolution (S.J. Res. 97), has authorized and
requested the President to issue a proclamation designating a week of remembrance.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby designate April 13 through
April 19, 1980 as "Days of Remembrance
of Victims of the Holocaust." I ask the
American people to observe this solemn
anniversary of the liberation of Dachau
with appropriate study, prayers and
ceremonies, as a tribute to our determination to eliminate the hatred that produced such horror from the face of the
earth.
On the recommendation of the President's Commission on the Holocaust, I
also ask the people of the United States
to observe International Holocaust Commemoration Day on April 13, 1980.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this tenth day of April
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:40 p.m., April 10, 1980]
Meeting With Governing Mayor
Dietrich Stobbe of Berlin
White House Statement. April 11, 1980
The President met this morning with
Governing Mayor Dietrich Stobbe of Ber
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 1
lin for a discussion of the current international situation.
The President explained U.S. policies
concerning Afghanistan, Iran, and EastWest relations in the light of the Afghanistan and Iranian crises. In reply, Governing Mayor Stobbe stressed the need for
the closest cooperation between the
United States and the European Allies in
response to these crises.
Governing Mayor Stobbe briefed the
President on the situation in Berlin, and
the President stressed the United States
firm commitment to the city's freedom
and prosperity.
The President reiterated his determination that a United States team will not
participate in the Moscow Olympic
games. Governing Mayor Stobbe expressed his view that German participation in the Moscow games would be inconceivable in the absence of the United
States.
25th Anniversary of the
Salk Polio Vaccine
Statement by the President. April 11, 1980
April 12 is the 25th anniversary of the
field trials of the Salk vaccine, which led
to the elimination of massive polio epidemics in this country. In 1955 there were
almost 30,000 cases of polio in the United
States, while last year there were only
26-16 of them in unvaccinated communities. Through the entire decade of the
1970's, the number of reported cases of
polio was less than on any single day in
the frightening summer of 1955.
This remarkable accomplishment was
possible because the March of Dimes, in
one of the most dramatic examples in history of concerted voluntary effort, mar
shaled the concern and resources of our
Nation to help finance the development
of the first polio vaccine by Dr. Jonas
Salk and conducted the mass field trials
necessary to prove its safety and effectiveness.
One of the things that has always set
America apart is the willingness of our
people to join together to solve their problems, to volunteer their time and effort
and resources to help each other and
strangers far away.
On this 25th anniversary we acknowledge our debt to all who had a part in
one of medical science's greatest achievements-the scientists who first cultured
the polio virus, Dr. Salk and the doctors
who conducted the field trials, those who
continued the work into massive immunization programs, and all the thousands
of volunteers who made their work
possible.
Council on Wage and
Price Stability
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. April 11, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with Section 5 of the
Council on Wage and Price Stability Act,
as amended, I hereby transmit to the
Congress the twentieth quarterly report of
the Council on Wage and Price Stability.
The report contains a description of the
Council's activities during the third quarter of 1979 in monitoring both prices and
wages in the private sector and various
Federal Government activities that may
lead to higher costs and prices without
creating commensurate benefits. It discusses Council reports, analyses, and filings before Federal regulatory agencies. It
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Apr. 11
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
also describes the Council's activities of
monitoring wages and prices as part of
the anti-inflation program.
The Council on Wage and Price Stability will continue to play an important
role in supplementing fiscal and monetary
policies by calling public attention to
wage and price developments or actions
by the Government that could be of concern to American consumers.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 11, 1980.
Weizmann Institute of Science
Remarks on Receiving an Honorary Degree
From the Institute. April 11, 1980
LORD SIEFF. Mr. President, it's my privilege on behalf of all of us here, on behalf
of the members of the Weizmann Institute, to take part, together with my colleagues and Professor Sela, in conferring
on you an honorary doctorate from the
Weizmann Institute of Science. We
salute you as the architect of the Camp
David agreements, a major and vital step
in the long and difficult road to peace in
the strife-ridden Middle East.
It was my privilege to work for over 25
years with Chaim Weizmann, scientist
and statesman, first President of Israel. He
was the creator and the founder of the
Institute. He believed that the Institute
was one of the bridges over which peace
would pass to the benefit of Israel and her
neighbors. Without the support of the
people of this great country, the Institute would not have flourished as it has,
nor made the contribution it has to the
benefit of Israel and mankind.
I know I speak for us all when I say
thank you for what you are doing and
wish you success in your untiring and continuing efforts to achieve a secure and
lasting peace for Israel and her neighbors.
There are huge problems still to be overcome, but who, 3 years ago, would have
thought we would have come so far? That
we have come so far is in no small measure, Mr. President, due to you, and we
all owe you our thanks and appreciation.
Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Lord
Sieff.
LoRD SIEFF. It's my pleasure to now introduce Professor Sela.
PROFESSOR SELA. Mr. President, it is
a rare privilege and, of course, a profound personal pleasure for me to represent the scientific staff of the Weizmann
Institute on this moving and significant
occasion, the conferring by the Weizmann
Institute of Science of a Ph. D. honoris
causa upon the President of the United
States, Mr. Jimmy Carter. It is in their
name that before presenting you with
this degree, Mr. President, I should like
to say a few words regarding the role that
science can and should play in the establishment of what an earlier United States
President, Thomas Jefferson, described
some 150 years ago, as the possibility of
"peace, commerce and honest friendship
between nations long at war."
In the course of the current complex,
often painful, and most wearing negotiations to transform the dream of peace between Egypt and Israel into a lasting
reality, some of the components essential
to that peace seem to have been lost sight
of, both in Israel and Egypt, and elsewhere. One of these is the contribution to
be made on behalf of the burgeoning
peace by the scientific and educational
institutions of the nations that are party
to it.
Mr. President, today, as you honor us
by accepting the highest distinction that
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. II
this Institute can bestow, let me reaffirm
that the Weizmann Institute will do its
best to serve the cause of peace, so scientific exchange of genuine and concrete
benefit to the State of Israel, to Egypt,
and to those of the Arab states that may
one day join us both-not exchange for
its own sake, not exchange to score points,
not exchange in which one nation opts for
the role of benefactor while the other is
cast as beneficiary, not exchange in a
spirit of philanthropy, nor for purpose of
propaganda, but exchange resulting from
a serious and a realistic evaluation as to
where and how and when collaborative
scientific and educational projects can
and should be launched.
Among the 400-odd basic and applied
research projects now underway at the
Weizmann Institute, there are many that
may add substantially both to the caliber
and to the scope of the new relationship
for which you, yourself, have labored so
hard and for so long. This includes Weizmann Institute research into solar energy
and into the possible use of plants and
photosynthetic bacteria for the production
of fuel; Weizmann Institute research into
water resources, into water management
and distribution, and into the soundest,
most cost-effective uses of desalination;
Weizmann Institute research into the
physiological basis of fertility regulation,
so vital in the development of safe and
effective methods of population control;
Weizmann Institute research into wheat
evolution, genetics, and breeding, in order
that bigger, better, and more nutritious
grains can be developed; Weizmann Institute research into the parasitic diseases
that cripple and kill millions throughout
the world.
Because scientists everywhere share a
commitment to the search for truth, because scientists everywhere hold in common a deep belief in the workings of the
unencumbered human imagination, and
because science is perhaps the only truly
international pursuit, we at the Weizmann
Institute are confident that together with
our colleagues in the Middle East and in
the Western World, we can help mold
that better future of which you once spoke
so eloquently and fervently in Jerusalem
and upon which, since then, so much has
been staked.
With your permission, I shall now read
the citation accompanying the award to
you of a Weizmann Institute honorary
degree:
"On this, the 30th anniversary year of
the Weizmann Institute of Science, the
Executive Council, at the instance of the
Scientific Council, hereby confers on
Jimmy Carter, President of the United
States of America, the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy honoris causa, in recognition
of his unparalleled role in the historic
negotiations that have led to the making
of peace between the Arab Republic of
Egypt and the State of Israel, and, in
which, with consummate skill, limitless
patience, and a profound grasp of the
complexity of the Middle Eastern conflict,
he paved the way to a new era of amity
and development between these two countries; of his unfaltering commitment to
the cause of democracy and the preservation of civil rights throughout the world;
and of his deep and abiding appreciation
of the importance of science and scientific research in the advancement of human welfare everywhere. Michael Sela,
President, Rehovot, Israel, October 24,
1979."
May I please give you this scroll?
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
First of all, let me express my deep appreciation for the honor that has been bestowed upon me, and also the honor of
having all of you come here to the White
House to participate in this ceremony. As
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Apr. 11
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
a President, I am deeply impressed with
what the Weizmann Institute has done
and what its founder, the first President
of Israel, has contributed not only to your
great nation but also to the entire world,
It's not a coincidence that not only your
first President but two of your Presidents
have been scientists. And I think it's not
a coincidence either, that because of the
tremendous contribution of his.own scientific knowledge and experience to the
cause of peace during the Second World
War, your first President, Weizmann,
earned the gratitude of the British and
others and led directly or indirectly to the
foundation of your great country.
On the edge of a desert is the Weizmann Institute, devoted not only to scientific pursuits but also to the enhancement
of peace and to the preservation of basic
moral principles. Scientific achievement
without morality can be extremely dangerous. The Holocaust resulted from such
a juxtaposition, with the Nazis having
superb scientific capabilities but not having the moral foundation to guide their
achievements in a proper fashion.
I hope and I pray that we can be successful in having a comprehensive peace
in the Middle East. This week, President
Sadat has been here to add his contribution to the progress that's already been
made; next week, Prime Minister Begin
will be here to join with me to continue
that progress. The issues at stake are indeed momentous, not only for the preservation of Israel and its security but also
because of the hope that we have that, in
the future, Israel can live at peace and in
a spirit of harmony and brotherhood with
all her neighbors.
This has been, as you say, a difficult and
a frustrating process. No one would deny
those two facts. But I think the immense
courage and the sensitivity to one another-and the deep desire of the people
of Israel and Egypt-has permitted Prime
Minister Begin and President Sadat to
make the progress they have made. I'm
very pleased to bask in their glory and to
derive some benefit from the accomplishments which they have made.
Again, let me say that I am deeply honored to be associated with such a fine
institution of education and research. And
as progress is made in your country in
agriculture, in health, in energy, in the
basic research and development of all
scientific endeavors, we are closely related
to you. There will be a tremendous mutual investment and benefit from science
and also, we can enhance the status of
human beings as we devote our attention
to human rights, to basic morality, and to
peace.
Thank you again. You've honored me;
I'm deeply grateful.
NOTE: The presentation ceremony began at
1:30 p.m. in the Cabinet Room at the White
House. The Rt. Hon. Lord Sieff of Brimpton,
O.B.E., is chairman of the international board
of governors of the Institute, and Professor
Michael Sela is president of the Institute.
Meeting With Leaders of Ethnic
and Fraternal Organizations
Remarks During a White House Briefing.
April 11, 1980
I just got an invitation to go back to
Polish Hill, and I'm looking forward to
it. [Laughter]
One of the most exciting aspects of being President is to see from the vantage
point of the White House and the Oval
Office how different our Nation is from
one community to another and how different it is from one family to another and
one State to another, and at the same
time, how, over a period of five or six or
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 11
eight generations or just a period of a few
years, that difference, that diversity
among American people can be welded
into a nation of constantly increasing
strength.
I have a problem and an opportunity
to deal with both domestic and foreign
affairs on a daily or an even hourly basis.
Obviously this strength, based on family,
helps me with every single domestic issue
that I face. And the diversity of our country, above all other nations on Earth, is of
tremendous help to us in establishing and
carrying out foreign policy, because
people of different ethnic groups in our
country have close ties of friendship and
love and blood kinship to every nation on
Earth.
Your coming here, representing fraternal organizations, is extremely helpful to
me, because it's a reminder of what our
Nation has gone through in the past.
Either you personally or your families,
including my family, when they came
here, felt a sense of alienation or loneliness, of doubt about the future, close ties
to the home country-mostly in Europe,
many in Asia and other places in our
world-but with a sense of adventure,
confidence in the future, and a need for
help.
No matter how powerful or rich or influential a family may have been in a
mother country, a new arrival in our Nation needed to understand the new home,
how to live, how to vote, how to speak the
language, how to get along with different
kinds of neighbors, when quite often in
the country from which they came there
had been a homogenous group, people
almost all alike. And that transition from
a new immigrant to a strong, confident,
productive, cooperative American citizen
was quite often made with the help of the
fraternal organizations, because they were
comprised of people who had been
through the same experience.
Neighborhoods in our country are so
dear and so valuable in accommodating
rapidly changing circumstances in our
modern America. Even among groups
from Poland or Czechoslovakia or Italy
or Great Britain or China or Japan, who
have now become very stable, and where
there is very little in-migration now, have
to deal with changing circumstances. We
live in a dynamic world. What happened
yesterday, what happens today, is very
unlikely to happen tomorrow in exactly
the same fashion.
Our country is faced with tests of
strength and tests of courage and tests of
our national will and national unity on a
daily basis. We've been tested lately by
the capture and the holding of American
hostages in Iran, by the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet troops. We are
being tested by the first realization that
our Nation does have limits on energy
supplies, and we face an unprecedented
level of inflation which has swept the
world.
Those tests would cause us much more
fear about the future had we not been
through much more severe tests in the
past successfully. We've been through a
Great Depression, two World Wars, the
Korean war, social changes that have
transformed the attitude of one person toward another, a very divisive Vietnam
war, when many people didn't support
what our Government was doing. And we
survived all of that, because there is an
innate strength and an innate resiliency
in our country and an ability, therefore,
to accommodate challenges and to deal
with rapid change.
Obviously the first responsibility is in
the individual human being. An important part of our country's philosophy is
that each individual is important, and
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Apr. 1 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
that individual's right to be different is
important-to speak, to learn, to work,
to travel, to worship as one chooses, not
as someone else tells him or her, not as the
government demands. So, that pride in
individuality and human freedom is an
important and integral role that Americans can enjoy.
And of course, the next step is within
the family. I would say that within our
ethnic communities, which have been
pretty coherent and kept as they have
been for a long time, there's a special
characteristic of the love and appreciation of the value of families. That's important. It brings about cooperation. It
brings about a willingness to sacrifice. It
brings about unselfishness. It brings about
a respect for authority. It brings about a
sense of discipline, even within the
bounds of personal freedom. It brings
about the love of a grandmother or
grandfather, that doesn't exist even in
some Americans in these changing times.
One of the things that I mention quite
often is a statement made by a very wise
philosopher who said he never could
understand how a father could take care
of 12 sons and 12 sons couldn't take care
of one father. [Laughter] And this kind of
obligation, that's mutual, between grandparents and parents on the one hand and
children on the other, is a kind of cement
that binds us together.
And when you go from a person to a
family to a neighborhood, then you reach
a kind of a governmental level; maybe
not an organized government, with a
mayor or a councilman or a commissioner
or a judge, but where people have to get
together, maybe in a schoolhouse on Friday night or maybe in a church on Sunday morning. And you kind of say,
"What's wrong with our community, and
what can we do to make it a better place
to live, and how can we take care of a
problem; how can we realize an opportunity?" And that's where the foundations
of our government are.
The Federal Government can do a lot
of things. We can protect those aspects of
America that I've just described, but also
we can offer help to a neighborhood to
act on its own-very important. My wife
spends a major part of her time dealing
with neighborhoods.
How do you make the schools better?
How do you care for mentally retarded
or mentally afflicted Americans? How do
you make the life of senior citizens more
secure and pleasant and productive? How
do you assure that homes are built where
they're needed? How do you assure that
crime is controlled? How can you assure
that a working person can get to and from
the job with a minimum of delay and
most efficiently? How can you make sure
that we don't waste energy now that it's
become so important? How can you make
sure that a community can keep jobs
available with new investments and be
dynamic and aggressive and not shrivel up
and die? How can you make sure that
change strengthens us, instead of making
us weak? How can you keep confidence
in the future when we face problems that
we all recognize?
Those are aspects of a neighborhood
that can be strengthened by a wise government. And the important part in a
democracy is that there must be a twoway street. It's not the government giving
a handout or giving directives or writing
regulations or even delivering services,
and let that be the end of it; it's the feedback that's important. When a wise person says this program is not working, it
could do better that way, or there's a
waste here, or there are some people
whose needs are not being met, and then
when that comes back to Washington,
through a Congressman, through a Sena
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 1 1
tor, through a Governor, through a
mayor, directly to a President, then our
whole country is strengthened.
So, I'm deeply grateful to you for what
you have represented in the past, what
you represent now, and I think even more
for what you will represent in the future.
And the same uncertainty and the same
shock or rapid change that took place
when those immigrants, including some of
you, first came to our country still take
place on a daily basis in a strong, dynamic,
changing, unified, free nation. And that's
why I'm not afraid of the future for our
country, because when America has been
unified, when our people are bound together in a common purpose, we have
never faced a question that we could not
answer, and we have never faced a problem that we could not solve, and we have
never faced an obstacle that we could not
overcome.
I look upon you with a great deal of
admiration and a great deal of personal
appreciation, as the 39th man who's lived
in this house-the 38th because Washington didn't live here; 39th President-seeing the strength of our country and, in a
democracy, the value of the individual
human being, who is proud, confident,
free, filled with love for his family, his
neighborhood, and for the greatest nation
on Earth.
I would like to say one other thing.
I know you are having a busy afternoon.
But I would like to ask you, as a favor to
me, to let me stand just outside the door,
and I would like to shake hands with
everybody here and get a photograph with
you, if you don't mind.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:03 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House during a
portion of a briefing given by administration
officials on domestic and foreign issues.
National Institute of Education
Nomination of P. Michael Timpane
To Be Director. April 11, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate P. Michael Timpane,
of Arlington, Va., to be Director of the
National Institute of Education (NIE).
He would replace Patricia Graham, resigned. Timpane has been serving as Acting Director of NIE since 1979 and was
Deputy Director from 1977 to 1979.
He was born November 27, 1934, in
Troy, N.Y. He received a B.A. (1956)
and M.A. (1964) from Catholic University and an M.P.A. in education policy,
government, and economics from Harvard University in 1970.
Timpane served as special assistant to
the Deputy for Civil Rights in the Office
of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Manpower from 1964 to 1968. From 1968
to 1972, he worked in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare for Planning and Evaluation,
serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary and
Director of Education Planning in 1971
and 1972.
From 1972 to 1974, Timpane was a
senior fellow at the Brookings Institution
in the economic studies program. From
1974 to 1977, he was on the staff of the
Rand Corporation in Washington, where
he served as director of the Center for
Educational Finance and Governance.
Special Adviser to the President
Appointment of Alfred H. Moses.
April 11, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of Alfred H. Moses, of
McLean, Va., as Special Adviser to the
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Apr. 11
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
President. He replaces Ed Sanders, resigned. Moses will serve without compensation and will retain his partnership in
the Washington law firm of Covington &
Burling.
Moses was born July 24, 1929, in Baltimore, Md. He received an A.B. in international relations from Dartmouth College in 1951. He attended graduate school
at the Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs at Princeton University,
1951-52, and received a J.D. from
Georgetown Law Center in 1956.
He served in the U.S. Navy from 1952
to 1956 as an officer assigned to the National Security Agency as an analyst in
Chinese affairs and military communications.
Among other activities, he has served
as vice president and chairman-designate
of the executive committee of the American Jewish Committee.
Farmer-Owned Grain Reserve
Statement on Signing S. 2427 Into Law.
April 11, 1980
Today I am pleased to sign into law
S. 2427, a bill to give the Secretary of
Agriculture additional authority to help
ensure that America's farmers do not bear
an unfair share of the economic burden
associated with the suspension of grain
exports to the Soviet Union.
Under current law, farmers who do not
participate in our voluntary acreage setaside programs, when such programs are
in effect, are not eligible to place their
wheat and corn in the farmer-owned
grain reserve. A set-aside program was in
effect for 1979 crops of both wheat and
corn, but the outlook for corn prices was
favorable enough in late 1978 and early
1979 so that participation was low. Less
than one-fourth of the crop acreage was
entered in the program. As a result, much
of the corn now in farmers' bins is not
eligible for the farmer-owned reserve.
Some of that grain was previously
destined for export to the Soviet Union.
From the point of view of the Nation's
interest, it is better for farmers to enter
this grain in the reserve than to dump it
on the market or sell it to the Commodity
Credit Corporation. This law would permit a limited amount of that grain to
move into the farmer-owned reserve.
Farmers who participated in the voluntary 1979 program will retain a very significant advantage. They will continue to
have unlimited access to the reserve
throughout the period of eligibility of
their grain, and they will not be required
to pay interest on the price support loans
they receive for grain in the reserve. The
special entrants under this law will pay
one year's interest, and only a limited
amount of special entry grain will be permitted, on a first-come-first-served basis.
I believe this action will benefit all
farmers, both those who participated in
the 1979 programs and those who did not.
It will help the Secretary maintain market prices and thus fulfill my pledge that
the economic conditions grain producers
face in 1980 will be unchanged by the Soviet grain suspension. Furthermore, this
additional authority will permit us to fulfill that pledge at lowest cost to the Government.
The bill has two other important features. It permits corn to be sold for alcohol
fuel production at the reserve release
price, rather than the higher price required by current law, and it relaxes the
restriction on the size of individual loans
that can be made for farm storage facilities. The latter feature complements the
other actions we have taken to expand
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and improve the farmer-owned grain
reserve.
I want to compliment the Congress on
its speed. This measure was first discussed
with Senator Talmadge on March 6. The
House completed work on the Senatepassed bill on April 1. Without the strong
and effective support of Chairman Talmadge and Chairman Foley, such quick
action would not have been possible.
NOTE: As enacted, S. 2427 is Public Law
96-234, approved April 11.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
April 7
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
The President met at the White House
with his national security advisers.
April 8
The President met at the White House
with:
-Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
-President Leopold Sedar Senghor of
Senegal.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 13th annual report on the
Operation of the Automotive Products
Trade Act of 1965.
April 9
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-professional baseball player Pete
Rose, honorary chairman of the 1980
Savings Bonds Campaign, and Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Chairman of the Interagency Committee for the Purchase of United
States Savings Bonds;
-Charles H. Pillard, president of the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.
The White House announced that the
President has appointed Charles L.
Brown, chairman of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, as
United States National Chairman for
United Nations Day, 1980.
The White House announced that the
President has signed an order which
designates the Secretary of Labor and the
Administrator of Veterans Affairs as
members of the Federal Council on the
Humanities.
The President declared a major disaster
for the State of Louisiana as a result of
severe storms and flooding during the period March 26-31, which caused extensive property damage.
April 10
The President met at the White House
with David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant
to the President for National Security
Affairs.
The White House announced that at
the request of the President, Vice President Walter F. Mondale will address the
United States Olympic Committee House
of Delegates in Colorado Springs, Colo.,
on April 12, when the delegates are expected to vote on the issue of U.S. participation in the 1980 Summer Olympics
in Moscow.
April 11
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Brown, Deputy Secretary of State
Warren M. Christopher, Hamilton
Jordan, Assistant to the President,
Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-representatives of the chemical industry;
-a group of editors and broadcasters
(transcript will be printed next
week);
-Air Force One pilot Col. Lester C.
McClelland, who is retiring from the
Air Force.
The President announced the appointment of Rebecca W. Hanmer, Regional
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for Region IV, as a Commissioner representing the Federal Government on the Ohio River Valley Water
Sanitation Commission.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted April 9, 1980
JAMES HARRY MICHAEL, JR., of Virginia, to be
United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia, vice a new position
created by P.L. 95-486, approved October, 20, 1978.
JAMES EDWARD SHEFFIELD, of Virginia, to be
United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia, vice a new position
created by P.L. 95-486, approved October 20, 1978.
Submitted April 10, 1980
ROBERT E. HERZSTEIN, of the District of Columbia, to be Under Secretary of Commerce
for International Trade (new position).
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
654
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released April 7, 1980
Advance text: remarks announcing U.S. sanctions against Iran
Released April 8, 1980
Announcement: remarks at a White House reception for Caribbean/Central American
Action, and information about the group
Released April 9, 1980
Announcement: nomination of James Harry
Michael, Jr., to be United States District
Judge for the Western District of Virginia
Announcement: nomination of James Edward
Sheffield to be United States District Judge
for the Eastern District of Virginia
Released April 10, 1980
Advance text: remarks at the annual convention of the American Society of Newspaper
Editors
Released April 11, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Ruth Bader
Ginsburg to be United States Circuit Judge
for the District of Columbia
Announcement: nomination of Jerre S. Williams to be United States Circuit Judge for
the Fifth Circuit
Announcement: nomination of W. Earl Britt
to be United States District Judge for the
Eastern District of North Carolina
Announcement: nomination of Patrick F.
Kelly to be United States District Judge
for the District of Kansas
Announcement: nomination of Walter Herbert
Rice to be United States District Judge for
the Southern District of Ohio
Announcement: nomination of S. Arthur
Spiegel to be United States District Judge
for the Southern District of Ohio
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved April 7, 1980
H.R. 2676 --- —------- Public Law 96-229
Environmental Research, Development, and
Demonstration Authorization Act of 1980.
H.R. 2318 --- —-------- Private Law 96-53
An act for the relief of Casimir Jan Kray.
Approved April 8, 1980
H.R. 6585 --- —-------- Public Law 96-230
An act to extend the reorganization authority of the President under chapter 9 of
title 5.
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved April 8-Continued
S.J. Res. 131 --- —------ Public Law 96-231
A joint resolution designating April 10, 1980,
as "ORT Centennial Day".
Approved April 10, 1980
H.R. 5794 --- —-------- Public Law 96-232
An act to designate the building known as
the Federal Building in Evansville, Indiana,
as the "Winfield K. Denton Building".
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved April 10-Continued
S.J. Res. 97 --- —------ Public Law 96-233
A joint resolution designating April 13
through April 19 as "Days of Remembrance
of Victims of the Holocaust".
Approved April 11, 1980
S. 2427 --- —----------- Public Law 96-234
An act to encourage greater participation in
the farmer-held reserve program for corn and
wheat, and for other purposes.
655
Week Ending Friday, April 18, 1980
Petroleum Import Adjustment
Program
Proclamation 4748. April 11, 1980
TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS TO
PROCLAMATION 4744
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of
the United States, including Section 232
of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as
amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and the
Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of
1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.),
Proclamation 4744 is hereby amended as
follows:
Section 1-101. Section 1-104 of Proclamation 4744 is amended by renumbering
paragraph (a) (2) as (a) (3), and by the
addition of a new paragraph (a) (2) to
read:
"(a)...
(2) With respect to the entry of gasoline subject to the payment of a fee, the
Secretary shall refund fees paid or reduce
fees owed by the amount of any additional levy which results in a reduction
in entitlements obligations as set forth in
Section 2-105(b) of this Proclamation
and which is imposed and collected by
Puerto Rico on such entries that are consumed in Puerto Rico; provided, that,
with respect to each barrel, such refunds
or reductions may not exceed the amount
of the actual fee for the month in which
the entry was made."
Sec. 1-102. Section 2-105(a) of Proclamation 4744 is amended by revising the
phrase "paragraphs (b) and (c)" to read
"paragraph (b) ".
Sec. 1-103. Section 2-109 of Proclamation 4744 is amended to read:
"Sec. 2-109. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Energy Regulations:
"(a) (1) A person that is a refiner may
add to its BIt factor for gasoline (its increased purchased product costs as described in Section 212.83 of the Energy
Regulations) for use in determining any
current month's prices an amount equal
to $4.20 multiplied by the number of barrels of gasoline subject to the gasoline conservation fee which that refiner entered
into the United States in the month two
months prior to such month. Any increases
in gasoline prices that are allowed as a
result of such addition to the BIt factor
shall not be made prior to May 15, 1980.
"(2) If, in any current month beginning with June 1980, the amount of gasoline conservation fees on gasoline paid by
a refiner in the month immediately preceding that month was greater or less than
an amount determined by multiplying
$4.20 by the number of barrels of gasoline
subject to the gasoline conservation fee
which were entered into the United States
by that refiner in the month three months
prior to that month, the difference shall
be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's BIt factor for use in
determining that month's prices.
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Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
" (b) ( 1 ) A person that is a refiner may
add to its A1t factor for gasoline (its increased crude oil costs as described in
Section 212.83 of the Energy Regulations)
for use in determining any current
month's prices an amount equal to $4.20
multiplied by the number of barrels of
that refiner's gasoline production in the
month two months prior to that month.
Any increases in gasoline prices that are
allowed as a result of such addition to the
Ait factor shall not be made prior to May
15, 1980.
"(2) If, in any current month beginning with June 1980, the amount paid by
a refiner for gasoline entitlements purchased in the month immediately preceding that particular month was greater or
less than an amount determined by multiplying $4.20 by the number of barrels of
that refiner's gasoline production in the
month three months prior to that month,
the difference shall be added to or subtracted from, respectively, that refiner's
AIt factor for use in determining that
month's prices.
"(3) The amount added to or subtracted from the Ait factor pursuant to
this section shall not be subject to the
"gasoline tilt" provision found in the last
sentence of the first paragraph of Section 212.83 (a) (2) (iii) (C) of the Energy
Regulations."
Sec. 1-104. Section 3-103 (a) of Procmation 4774 is amended by revising the
phrase "Section 3-103" to read "Section
3-102".
Sec. 1-105. Section 4-101 of Proclamation 4744 is amended by revising the
phrase "April 14" to read "April 24".
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independ
ence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:26 a.m., April 14, 1980]
NOTE: The proclamation was announced on
April 12.
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Editors and Broadcasters.
April 11, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Let me say, first of all,
that I'm grateful that you would come to
the White House for a meeting with some
of my own advisers and also to give me
a chance to spend a few minutes with you
discussing some of the issues that are important to me and to you and to our
country.
ANTI-INFLATION PROGRAM
One of the overwhelming concerns that
all of us share is to control the extremely
high inflation rate. We're doing this
through a multitude of actions with which
you're all familiar, some requiring congressional concurrence, some that I've
initiated on my own, and some requiring
cooperation from labor and business.
This morning, for instance, I met with
the leaders of the chemical industry, a
basic industry for our Nation and one
within which both prices and profits have
been very high in recent months. I asked
this industry to join with us in a voluntary program to restrain their price increases during the next few months to increase the effect of this voluntary restraint,
which is so urgently needed.
Earlier, I met with representatives of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 12
the chains of stores who sell food and
the owners and managers of the chains of
stores which sell drugs. We have 21 chains,
for instance, having more than 5,000
stores, who have volunteered to freeze
their prices, ranging anywhere from 30
days to a few months.
We had a favorable response this morning from the chemical industry. And this
is the kind of additional impact that we
believe will result in a substantial lowering of the inflation rate in just a few
months. We've got some beneficial trends
that are taking place now, which we believe will bring good results.
Obviously, there are many other things
which concern me as President. I have
been involved with the test of our Nation
in Iran and Afghanistan, in dealing with
the Mideast peace negotiations and, of
course, with the energy question and
others on the domestic scene.
It might be good now for us to take
what time we have available to answer
your questions on specific issues. I'll try
to keep my answers brief and concise and
clear.
QUESTIONS
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES AND THE PRESS
Q. Mr. President, yesterday, newspapers were upset because the CIA Director, Admiral Turner, admitted that in
some extreme cases he would use newspapermen as agents. He said he has to approve the case; it must come before him,
and he must approve it. And the New
York Times' Dave Rosenfeld and Gene
Patterson of the Fort Lauderdale paper
and John McMullen of the Miami Herald
were very upset about this and said it
casts danger upon their foreign correspondents, because they'll be thought
of as agents.
THE PRESIDENT. I think that Admiral
Turner also said that he is not using any
newsQ. He said he'd approved three, but
before they had used it, the circumstances
had changed and they didn't need them.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. We have a question, obviously, in how to announce publicly what we will and will not do. And
there's a similar question with people like
clergymen or schoolteachers and others.
In a rapidly changing international situation, where on occasion our Nation's own
security or existence might be threatened,
we do not want to publicly foreclose the
option of taking certain action that might
be necessary.
But I think Admiral Turner expressed
the policy accurately. We are not now
using any newspeople. This would be done
on extreme circumstances, and the personal approval of either Admiral Turner
or myself would be required.
U.S. AND SOVIET MILITARY STRENGTH
Q. Mr. President, there's a great deal
of concern, I think, in the country over
our defense posture, with many conflicting reports. How would you characterize
our relative strength with the Soviet
Union's in strategic and conventional
strength?
THE PRESIDENT. I would say superior.
But we have a very serious concern about
the buildup rate of Soviet military capability over the last 15 years. They have
been increasing their expenditures for
military capability at an average annual
compounded rate of 3 or 4, sometimes
5 percent; whereas up until 1977, our
own Nation's expenditure for defense in
real terms had been going downward. We
now have a comnnitment, not only in our
own country but among our allies, to in
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Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
crease our expenditure for defense in real
terms above and beyond the inflation
rate.
It's very difficult to compare our country with the Soviet Union on the number
of troops, the number of tanks, the number of planes, and so forth, because it's
such a complicated interrelationship. I'll
give you a couple of examples.
One is that when you compare the total
number of troops marshaled now for defense in the Western alliance-that is, in
NATO-and compare them with the total number of troops marshaled by the
Soviet Union, we compare very favorably. I think we have a few more troops.
If you only compare American troops
with Soviet troops, the Soviets would have
more than we.
In addition, I would say at least a
fourth of the Soviet troops and military
equipment, weapons, would have to be
marshaled along the Chinese border and
not devoted to the western border of the
Soviet Union looking toward Europe.
This is an important consideration that
clouds the issue.
Another one is that the Soviets have
probably spent $100 billion in an air defense system for their continental territory. This is an expenditure which we
have not made, because we do not think
it's necessary. And we also think that the
Soviet massive expenditure for this purpose has not been well advised, looking
at the situation from their point of view,
because we still believe that our upcoming
cruise missiles, our present bomber capability could penetrate this air defense system with relative impunity.
There is another series of questions. We
have probably four or five times the economic capability among ourselves and our
allies compared to the Soviet Union and
its allies. We have almost unbelievably
easy access collectively to the oceans,
whereas the Soviets have a very narrow
access to the oceans in most respects.
So, I would say that, in balance, on
military capability, economic capability,
political influence, we are superior to the
Soviet Union in every respect. But we
have been extremely concerned, to summarize, because the Soviets are building
up their military capability so rapidly
that we have been in danger of their overtaking us and acquiring, from their perception, from our allies' perception, from
my own, and from the world, a superiority, which we are determined to prevent.
SITUATION IN IRAN
Q. Mr. President, Ed Tobias, WTOP
Radio in Washington. Given the situation as it stands today and the reaction
of our allies to your request for sanctions
against Iran, how likely is it that we'll
have to take some sort of military action
in the Persian Gulf area?
THE PRESIDENT. Well here again, we
have been extremely patient. We've tried
to use the services of our own direct negotiations, via public statements, intermediaries, such as some of the European
communities and their embassies, the
United Nations, and some private citizens, to negotiate with the Iranians to
secure the release of the hostages.
On a number of occasions, we have
had the absolute, firm commitment from
top Iranian officials that the hostages
would be transferred from control of the
terrorists to the Government and then released. These promises have not been honored, either because they were not made
in good faith or because of timidity or
incapability on the part of the officials
to deliver what they promised.
We obviously have reserved for ourselves the right to use any means per
660
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 12
mitted under international law. And since
we are a seriously aggrieved party, with
our own nationals being held and our
own Embassy grounds being taken, this
would not foreclose the option of using
military force if I decide it's necessary.
Q. How likely is that?
THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not
comment any further.
SOVIET GRAIN EMBARGO
Q. Mr. President, a few months ago,
when the embargo was put on, farmers
across the country seemed in strong support of that, and as grain prices have
dropped off, we have less of support. How
effective has the grain embargo been to
date, because they are concerned that
some of that grain may be still getting
there via Third World countries?
THE PRESIDENT. It's been effective. We
don't know what the Soviets' production
will be this year from their winter grain
crop and their present highly delayed
plantings, but we think it's been very effective.
The amount of grain that I did prevent
being shipped amounted to about 11 million tons. We estimate that about 6 million of those tons 1 have been substituted
by the Soviet Union through additional
purchases, sometimes at a very highly escalated price. This means that about 11
million tons of grain which the Soviets
had counted upon acquiring from us will
not be going to the Soviet Union.
We've done everything we possibly
could, as you know, to maintain the stability of the grain markets since the first
part of January, when we imposed the
1 That is, of the 17 million tons that would
have been shipped to the Soviets from the
United States, but were blocked by the President's order. [White House clarification.]
restraint on sales to the Soviet Union. We
can't guarantee that markets will be
frozen indefinitely, no matter what the
vicissitudes of the international production and demands might be. Lately the
markets have strengthened to some
degree.
We have replaced, through increased
sales efforts, a great amount of the grain
that would have gone to the Soviet
Union. For instance, the first 2 months of
this year, after the imposition of the restraints, we had a 36-percent increase in
total grain shipments from our Nation
above and beyond what we shipped the
first 2 months of 1979. And we estimate
that we've had more than 10 million tons
of additional grain sold, which we had not
counted upon being sold prior to the imposition of the partial embargo on shipments to the Soviet Union.
I would say, therefore, that we have
perpetrated against the Soviet Union a
substantial reduction in the amount of
grain that they are able to acquire, and
we have minimized, as best we could, adverse effects on the American grain
market. And we have increased and will
have another banner, recordbreaking
year in 1980 on total grain exports.
Q. How long will you keep the embargo on?
THE PRESIDENT. As long as the Soviet
troops are in Afghanistan.
SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN
Q. Mr. President, what effect do you
expect the sanctions that you're imposing
against Iran to have?
THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to quantify
the impact. The Iranian economy is in
very bad shape. The shipment of oil from
their country is at a very low level. In the
last few months, it has averaged less than
a million and a half barrels of oil per day,
661
Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and in the last week or two, it has been
much lower than that.
Their military capability has been attenuated severely. Not only have we
stopped the shipment of military equipment and spare parts to the Iranians, but
also. many of our European allies have
joined in this embargo of similar equipment.
It's hard to predict that unilateral
sanctions on the part of the United States
would be adequate to force them to release the hostages. I think our experience
so far has indicated to the contrary. We
still have additional capability of imposing punitive action or coercive action
against Iran short of exercising our military options. We are considering what we
will do next.
If we can induce our European allies,
the Japanese, and others to join with us
in the imposition of sanctions and in the
imposition of diplomatic restraints, then
of course it will greatly magnify the impact of all those sanctions collectively.
HOUSING INDUSTRY AND INFLATION
Q. Mr. President, on the housing problem, you've stated that you would not like
to see further problems with the housing
industry. I come from lower Delaware,
and they're most concerned about the bill
by Representative Al Ullman which
recently passed in the House, which would
eliminate the tax exempt status for the
low-interest home mortgage bond program. Senator Joe Biden of Delaware,
among others, is trying to see that that bill
is defeated in the U.S. Senate.
I'm wondering if you have a position
there. And if it does pass the Senate,
would you veto it in line with your
promise to try and make sure the housing
industry does not suffer further with the
high interest rates?
THE PRESIDENT. If the bill passes, I
would not veto it.
Let me say that we are very concerned
about the housing industry. We've taken
a lot of action since I've been in office to
enhance the strength of the housing industry, and with some substantial degree
of success. In spite of very high comparative interest rates and inflation rate during the last couple of years, the rate of
homebuilding has been sustained at a
level, almost 2 million homes per year. It
is low at this time.
With the money market certificates, we
have helped to minimize the adverse impact on the homebuilding industry compared to what it would have been in
previous years.
It's important on a long-term basis that
we lower the inflation rate and lower the
interest rates and not do something of a
transitory nature that might not have any
permanent beneficial effect.
As we impose credit restrictions, for instance, we specifically excluded home
buyers from those credit restraints. And
as you put a limit on how much money is
borrowed by others in this country for a
given amount of money available to be
loaned, it means that the home buyers,
and therefore the home builders and sellers, are given special and favorable consideration. That has been done by us, not
only in the houses themselves but also in
major items that go into a home-the
durable goods, like refrigerators, stoves,
and the furnishings for a home.
In addition to that, when we get the
Federal Government out of the borrowing
business, which we intend to do in fiscal
year 1981, beginning in October, you
move a heavy competitor for those longterm loans from a limited supply of money
available. And that, again, will open up
to the homebuilding industry an easier
access to credit.
662
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 12
The last point is that we have been
especially interested in keeping Government-assisted homebuilding levels very
high. I think all of you recognize how difficult the task has been to balance the 1981
budget. We've had severe reductions in
some programs. In spite of that, we'll have
a 25-percent increase in 1981, compared
to this year, in federally assisted housing,
and we'll sustain that at a 300,000-home
level.
So, we are moving as strongly as we can
to minimize the adverse effect on the
homebuilding industry under present,
very difficult circumstances. But the overriding beneficial effect will be to get inflation under control, I hope this summer, at
a much lower level than it is now and with
the commensurate lower rates.
SUPPORT FOR AFGHAN FREEDOM FIGHTERS
Q. Mr. President, have you any intentions of helping the Afghans in some way
fight the Soviet troops there?
THE PRESIDENT. That's a difficult thing
for us to do or to discuss. The Soviets, I
am sure, have been extremely surprised
at the tenacity and the courage of the
Afghan freedom fighters.
There's been an extraordinary circumstance there in that there have been heavy
defections from the Afghan armed forces
by those who favor liberty and freedom
more than accepting the subjugation of
the Soviet invaders. As they have defected
from the Afghan forces, they have taken
with them large quantities of weapons and
ammunition. This has been a very effective source of supply of weapons for the
Afghan people.
In addition to that, even some who still
stay within the Afghan armed forces are
supplying part of their ammunition to the
freedom fighters themselves.
I don't think there are any American
weapons at all in Afghanistan. I think
there have been a few grenades, I understand, found in Afghanistan, but those
were derived from previous sales made to
Iran in years gone by.
So, my own judgment is that it's proper
for us to both conduct and to discuss aid
that we are giving to the refugees. And
there are now probably 650,000 refugees
in Pakistan, out of Afghanistan, and
maybe more than 100,000 more in Iran
and other countries-maybe a total of
800,000 or more. We can give aid to them
and support. But I think the Afghan freedom fighters are doing very well on their
own in getting weapons away from their
own previous armed forces and also perhaps some from the Soviet invaders.
U.S. PARTICIPATION IN SUMMER OLYMPICS
Q. Mr. President, Alan Grigsby, from
the Register-Star in Hudson, New York.
If the United States takes legal action
against the citizens who intend to go to
the Soviet Union to participate in the
Olympics, what difference is there between our country and a totalitarian
country, such as the Soviet Union, which
orders a boycott by its citizens in other
countries-Olympic?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, in the first place,
our country is not invading an adjacent,
freedom-loving, deeply religious country
to punish them with death and executions
and destruction and the deprivation of
their independence. That's one difference.
As you probably know, I have the authority under existing law to prevent trade
and commerce with other nations when
we consider our own country's security to
be at stake. And any action that I might
take to restrict Americans from participating as competitors in the Olympics would
be completely within the law as it presently exists. I don't anticipate having to
663
Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ask the Congress for additional legislation
to permit this restraint.
Under the principles of the Olympics,
under their bylaws and constitution,
athletes do not go to the Olympics and
participate in competition except as part
of a national team. It has never been part
of the Olympics for an individual athlete
who may be a superb competitor to go to
the Olympics on his or her own and say,
"I want to represent myself and participate in the Olympics." My authority is
limited to the prohibition, if I choose to
exercise it, of Americans participating to
represent our country.
I have made my position Jear. The
Congress, with an almost unanimous decision by the House and also the Senate, has
expressed its position on this issue. So,
you have the administrative and the legislative branches of Congress expressing
accurately what the American people feel.
In addition, I think all the public
opinion polls have shown-and this is a
secondary matter, but it's significantthat the American people, in addition to
the President and the Congress, the American people, by more than a 2-to-1 majority, do not favor an American team going
to Moscow and, in effect, giving an imprimatur of approval of Soviet aggression and domination, through aggression,
of Afghanistan.
ENERGY SOURCES
Q. Mr. President, my name is Tom
Koenninger of the Columbian in Vancouver, Washington. This is a picture of
Mount Saint Helens erupting. It represents one potential new source of energy.
[Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. We can use all we can
get. [Laughter]
Q. I'd be glad to donate it to you.
Are there other forms of energy which
the administration is researching right
now which we have not yet heard about?
664
THE PRESIDENT. I can't say that there
are any that you have not heard about,
because I think the full gamut of possibilities for energy have been adequately considered. But we obviously have a major
effort on energy sources that have not been
fully publicized.
One that I had to consider just this
morning was the level of funding for
fusion research, which can give us a clean,
hopefully safe, inexhaustible supply of energy in the future if it is successful. We're
doing a lot of research, as you know, at different places around our Nation, at
Princeton, at MIT, and I think one of
the California I think California-Cal
Tech, I believe. Is it? Cal Tech. And
then we are considering also, at the Hanford Works Site in Washington, additional efforts for fusion power. That's just
one of the ones that we are considering.
Obviously the easiest and best source of
energy is to save and to eliminate waste.
We're making good progress in that respect-more efficient automobiles, more
efficient trains. One that the Japanese are
working on is a train system with suspension based on a magnetic field, so there's
practically no friction and you can get
the same amount of passenger or ton miles
for about 15 to 20 percent of the energy
expenditure.
Solar energy is still the best and the
longest term inexhaustible supply, both
from growing crops and directly from the
Sun, and of course, in an indirect way,
hydropower and the power of the tides
and the ocean, growing crops-all come
from the Sun.
But I think the different possibilities
have been at least revealed to the public.
But with changing circumstances, different elements would be more highly publicized as they become more and more
feasible, both scientifically and economically.
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 12
Ms. BARIO.2 Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Maybe one more question.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Q. George Winters, with a Wichita television station. Russ Meyers, the chairman
of the board, Cessna Corporationduring the past month he's laid off about
3,500 to 5,000 workers. During one of
the layoffs, he said these layoffs are directly a result of your economic policies. And
he blasts you quite heavily. Do you accept
that blame?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, yes, I accept the
blame for everything that goes on in this
country. [Laughter] I would like to get
the credit for the greatness of our Nation
as well. [Laughter] It's hard for a President to try to say that he's not culpable or
to blame when something goes wrong in
our Nation, but obviously the economic
forces that sweep the world are the fault
of no particular person.
I don't think it's constructive in a time
of economic challenge or difficulty or crisis
to try to throw rocks at one another and
to find some scapegoat on whom to blame
this extremely complicated circumstance.
Inflation is the biggest culprit. We've had
good success in bringing down the Federal
deficit; we've made as much progress as
any other nation on Earth in trying to
reduce the import of foreign oil, which is
a heavy contributing factor; and so forth.
We've worked very closely with industry
in trying to control the inflation rate and
to deal with the economic circumstances.
We still have a very strong economy, by
the way. There are some particular elements of the economy that cause me concern. The automobile construction industry is one. Three years ago I sat around
this table here with the top executives of
2 Patricia Y. Bario, Deputy Press Secretary.
all of the American automobile manufacturing companies, trying to urge them in
the strongest possible terms to build a
smaller, more efficient, automobile with a
cleaner exhaust.
They told me that it was impossible
either to build or to sell that kind of automobile because the American public
would not accept it. And when we told
them that foreign manufacturers were
likely to take over the market, they took
very strong issue against it. Now the
American manufacturers can sell every
single efficient automobile they can manufacture, and the transition from the large
gas-guzzlers over to the smaller cars is
taking place. That's the kind of thing that
I'm sure concerns the automobile
industry.
Another very important example now is
the steel industry. I'm extremely concerned about the steel industry; I was 3
years ago when I first came into this office. We consulted with steel. We had a
very low production rate then, I think
about 78 percent. Now it's up at 88 percent. We're using 88 percent of the total
capacity of the steel plants in this country
at this point. We had a very high level of
imports from foreign countries. We've
now reduced the level of imports of steel
from foreign countries by 2 million tons
per year, which is a substantial improvement.
The profit margin in 1979 for the entire
steel industry, compared to 1977 for the
steel industry, has been multiplied 60
times over, which means that the steel
industry has much more to plow back
into improved plants.
We were concerned about dumping,
and we strengthened the antidumping
laws. As a matter of fact, the lawsuits that
are now being filed by U.S. Steel on antidumping can be expedited by the very law
that was passed by the Congress and
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Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
signed by me in 1979. And we will use,
for instance, the trigger price mechanism, which we put forward at the urging
of the steel industry, whenever we consider it to be feasible, either when the
antidumping suits are resolved successfully or when it's withdrawn. The trigger
price mechanism stands there as an opportunity for us to use, when and if we
see it's desirable.
So, in the steel industry, in energy, in
the control of inflation, in the small airplane construction business, we're doing
the best we can to control the economic
forces that sweep this country and indeed
sweep the entire world.
But the thing we ought not to forget is
that we're all in it together, and it doesn't
help to try to find some particular groupthe government or business or labor or
the consuming public or OPEC or our
trade partners in Japan or Europe-on
whom to focus the blame. The best thing
to do is to search a way to utilize the tremendous, unequaled natural and human
resources of this country and continue to
build for the future.
Our future is bright, not because I'm
President, but because of the innate character of the American people, the free
enterprise system that we have, the individuality which we prize, the innovation, the research, the development of our
university system and our scientific capabilities, and the natural resources that we
have in supplies, access to transportation,
good climate, rich land, mineral deposits.
You know, we have all the advantages.
So, this temporary problem that the
world shares on economics, primarily derived from a rapid increase in energy, is
something that we can accommodate and
handle.and manage, and ultimately may
even-from which we can derive benefit,
much better than any other nation on
Earth.
So, I don't look to the future with anything except anticipation. I believe if we
work together and don't try to further
fragment our country, we'll be successful.
I'm completely confident about that.
Thank you very much, everybody.
NOTE: The interview began at 2:04 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 12.
District of Columbia Housing
Revenue Bonds
Statement on Signing H.R. 3824 Into Law.
April 12, 1980
I have today signed into law H.R. 3824,
which allows the District of Columbia
City Council to delegate its authority to
issue housing revenue bonds to its housing
finance agency and exempts the bonds'
revenues from the congressional appropriations process. In addition, this bill
would allow the District to issue housing
revenue bonds which are tax exempt.
In the 1981 budget which I sent to the
Congress in January, I recommended legislation to restrict the use of tax-free
mortgage subsidy bonds to certain limited
circumstances. Multifamily housing revenue bonds can serve an important and desirable function. But if permitted to grow
without restriction, single-family revenue
bonds would direct little of the money to
the families who need it most.
Further, the bonds contribute to inflation by increasing the Federal deficit, adding to demand for housing, and frustrating efforts of the Federal Reserve Board
to restrict expansion of credit. The House
has already passed H.R. 5741, which implements some of my recommendations. I
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 12
continue to support legislation along these
lines.
I have signed H.R. 3824 so that the District of Columbia may compete on an
equal basis with other States and localities in the housing bond market. Any
broader bond legislation that is subsequently enacted should apply equally to
the District and the rest of the Nation.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 3824 is Public Law
96-235, approved April 12.
Emergency Board To Investigate
a Railway Labor Dispute
Executive Order 12207. April 12, 1980
CREATING AN EMERGENCY BOARD To
INVESTIGATE A DISPUTE BETWEEN THE
PORT AUTHORITY TRANS-HUDSON
CORPORATION AND CERTAIN OF ITS
EMPLOYEES
A dispute exists between the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation and
certain of its employees represented by
the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of
the United States and Canada.
This dispute has not heretofore been
adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and
The dispute, in the judgment of the
National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce
to a degree such as to deprive a section of
the country of essential transportation
service:
Now, THEREFORE, by the authority
vested in me by Section 10 of the Railway
Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 160),
it is hereby ordered as follows:
1-101. Establishment of Board. There
is established a board of three members
to be appointed by the President to in
vestigate this dispute. No member of the
board shall be pecuniarily or otherwise
interested in any organization of railroad
employees or any carrier.
1-102. Report. The board shall report
its finding to the President with respect
to the dispute within 30 days from the
date of this Order.
1-103. Maintaining Conditions. As
provided by Section 10 of the Railway
Labor Act, as amended, from this date
and for 30 days after the board has made
its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the
Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation, or by its employees, in the conditions
out of which the dispute arose.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 12, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:27 a.m., April 14, 1980]
Emergency Board To Investigate
a Railway Labor Dispute
Announcement of the Establishment of the
Board. April 12, 1980
The President announced today the
creation of Presidential Emergency Board
No. 193 to investigate and make recommendations for settlement of a current
dispute between the Port Authority TransHudson Corp. (PATH) and certain of
its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United
States and Canada (BRC). The President, by Executive order, created the
Emergency Board on recommendation of
the National Mediation Board.
A strike against PATH threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to-deprive a sec
667
Apr. 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tion of the country of essential transportation service. PATH normally handles between 150,000 and 160,000 passenger
trips each weekday between New Jersey
and New York City, which conveyance
represents 75 percent of all rail travelers
entering New York from New Jersey; the
other 25 percent is carried by Conrail
services.
Although it appears that a tentative
settlement has been reached in both the
New York City transit dispute and the
Long Island Rail Road negotiations,
those settlements must still be ratified by
the unions' membership, and full service
may or may not be immediately restored.
The impact of a PATH work stoppage
would contribute to serious transportation disruption in the metropolitan area.
Consequently, the President invoked
the emergency board procedures of the
Railway Labor Act, which in part provide that the Board will report its findings
and recommendations for settlement to
the President within 30 days from the date
of the Executive order. The parties must
then consider the recommendations of
the Emergency Board and endeavor to
resolve their differences without engaging
in self-help during a subsequent 30-day
period.
1980 Summer Olympics
in Moscow
Statement by the White House Press Secretary
on a Vote by the U.S. Olympic Committee
House of Delegates. April 12, 1980
The President welcomes the strong vote
of the United States Olympic Committee
House of Delegates not to send a United
States team to the Moscow Olympics in
light of his advice that to send a team
would be contrary to our national in
terest. The President has authorized me
to say that this advice will not change by
May 20 or at any time thereafter. For all
practical purposes, therefore, the House
of Delegates vote means that the United
States will not send a team to Moscow.
As the Vice President stated today, the
President and the Congress will support
the USOC efforts to strengthen its financial position.
They will also give appropriate honor
and recognition to the American athletes
who are making the sacrifice of not competing in Moscow.
Now that the USOC has made clear
that it will not take part in the Moscow
games, we are confident that other leading nations of the free world will join in
this demonstration that no nation is entitled to serve as host for an Olympic
festival of peace while it persists in invading and subjugating another nation.
Interview With the President
Question-and-Answer Session With Foreign
Correspondents. April 12, 1980
Q. Mr. President, sir, we appreciate
very much your having us here in the
Oval Office, and we are most grateful that
you are willing to take some time to
answer our questions.
THE PRESIDENT. It's a pleasure.
IRAN
U.S. SUPPORT FROM ALLIES
Q. Mr. President, it's apparent there's
great disappointment in this country over
insufficient support of your policy in the
Iran crisis. What is it exactly that you
want your European allies to do?
668
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1
Apr. 13
THE PRESIDENT. I think the most important aspect of the Iranian and the Afghanistan problems is not the disappointment that we feel with our allies, but the
consistency and unanimity that we all
share, in this country and in Europe,
about the threat to peace that has been
put forward, not only by the Soviet aggression in Afghanistan but by the terrorist attack on our Embassy and its officials in Iran. There has been a unanimous condemnation of these two acts as a
threat to peace.
Our country has obviously moved forward much more aggressively in Iran, because our people are directly involved. We
have tried for the last more than 5
months, through every peaceful means,
through every diplomatic means, to bring
about a resolution of this crisis, to protect
the honor and integrity of our country,
and to secure the safe release of our people back to freedom.
We've now found that because of many
reasons the Iranian Government, what
there is of it, has not been able to deliver on their commitments to transfer the
hostages to safe care and then to release
them altogether.
We do need the full and aggressive support of our allies. What we ask specifically of them is that they carry out now
two basic proposals. One is to honor the
sanctions against Iran that were voted
and supported by all of them in the
United Nations Security Council earlier
this year. The final action of the U.N.
Security Council was stopped by a Soviet
veto. And secondly, if this should prove
to be unsuccessful,. then to join us in
strong diplomatic moves against Iran, to
show them that we all do stand together
in this condemnation of terrorism, a
threat to our country, to all of them, and
particularly the smaller nations who don't
have the economic or political or military
power to protect its interests.
U.S. OPTIONS TO FREE THE HOSTAGES
Q. Mr. President, with reference to
what you just said, Mr. Brzezinski, and I
quote, in a statement last Thursday, said
that "if all the allies gave their solidarity,
such solidarity could render unnecessary
the application of other measures." But
that means that if they don't give their
full solidarity, you'll think of enforcing
other measures. Which ones, and when?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we do, and we
don't have much time left. The American
people are ready and eager to see this
matter resolved. Under international law
we are a seriously aggrieved party, and we
have a breadth of options available to
us-economic, diplomatic, military options as well.
To the extent that the allies can join
with us in making effective the diplomatic
and economic pressures that might cause
the Iranians to release the hostages, then
we can forgo the requirement that we
take additional, stronger action. We prefer to keep our action nonbelligerent in
nature, but we reserve the right to take
whatever action is necessary to secure the
safe release of our hostages.
TIMING FOR RELEASE OF THE HOSTAGES
Q. You said, Mr. President, you have
not much time. Can you give us an idea
of timing?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's not a matter
of many weeks or certainly not a matter
of months. It's not appropriate for me
now to set a specific date. But we have
sent to the heads of nations, all of those
represented by you, a specific date, at
which time we would expect this common
effort to be successful.
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Apr. 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
U.S. RESPONSE TO INJURY TO THE
HOSTAGES
Q. Mr. President, Mr. Powell said
yesterday that the next moves won't be
military. But if the militants take action
against the hostages-physical action or
a trial-what will be your action?
THE PRESIDENT. Our action would be
very strong and forceful and might very
well involve military means.
What Mr. Powell said is consistent with
my policy that we do intend to exhaust
not only our own diplomatic and economic action-and there are other actions
of an economic nature that we can take
against Iran-but also to exhaust the
common effect of concerted action on
the part of our allies, which we have requested very clearly both privately and
publicly. And following that, we will be
required to take additional action which
may very well involve military means.
But if our hostages are injured or if any
of them are killed, then we would not delay in taking much stronger action of an
incisive nature.
ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN
Q. Mr. President, yesterday the European Foreign Ministers have been received by President Bani-Sadr, and they
hinted the possibility of a sanction. Is that
step enough for you?
THE PRESIDENT. I think I've answered
that question already by saying that economic sanctions, as supported by all of
your nations in the U.N. Security Council, would be one of the steps, and we
would expect additional diplomatic steps
to be taken unless an immediate favorable
response is received from the Iranians.
I have talked to the leaders of the
'Jody Powell, Press Secretary to the President.
countries represented here-some within
the last 2 or 3 days, some within the last
2 or 3 weeks-and have made it plain
to them that the experience that we have
suffered with the Iranians is constant misleading statements, constant delay, constant failure to carry out commitments
made, either because of a deliberate attempt to mislead or because of timidity
and a failure to have authority enough to
carry out a commitment even if it was
made in good conscience.
But I think that we have now an opportunity, if strong and concerted action
is taken by our allies in Europe and our
friends and supported by additional economic measures that we are now contemplating, to avoid the military action or
other stronger belligerent action that
would be always an open option for us.
THE NATIONAL INTEREST AND RELEASE OF
THE HOSTAGES
Q. Mr. President, in pursuing what
you've said is an aggressive or a more aggressive policy towards Iran, and if we
also were to join in with you in that,
aren't you not only failing to get the hostages back but also driving Iran and its oil
into the arms of the Russians?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anyone
could find fault with me because I have
not been adequately patient. We have
seen 53 innocent Americans held by terrorists, first of all, and then later supported by and condoned by the official
Government of Iran in complete contravention to every standard of human decency and morality and in contravention
of diplomatic procedures and international law. This has been a situation condemned on two occasions by the entire
membership of the U.N. Security Council; the International Court of Justice has
confirmed this opinion.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1
Apr. 13
And we have been extremely patient.
Our patience is running out. And if I
have been criticized in my own country for
any aspect of my behavior, it's been because we have been too patient, not too
precipitous.
Q. Yes. I wasn't really questioning that
you've been too patient. I was suggesting,
now that you've switched from the patience to a course that is pushing up
against Iran, that you might get to a point
now where you would have to, say, choose
between the American national interest
and the lives of the hostages. How would
you choose in a situation like that?
THE PRESIDENT. I have tried to avoid
making that choice, and I think it would
be inappropriate for me in a public forum
to describe what I have done. But I don't
think that, at least at this date, we have
taken any action or made any decision
that is inimical to our Nation's best interest and also to the interest of the hostages and their lives.
Obviously, the paramount interest has
to be what's best for our Nation and its
security, but we are trying to honor that
commitment without endangering the
lives of the hostages.
THE HOSTAGE SITUATION AND THE
CAMPAIGN
Q. In grappling with this crisis, have
you ever come to the point, in your heart,
where you thought you should devote all
your time to it and not seek a second term
of office?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't see any incompatibility between the two. I have devoted an enormous amount of time to the
hostage question. It never leaves my mind
for any waking moment. It's a question
and a problem that permeates the consciousness of our entire Nation.
What we have tried to do is to act with
moral decency, with restraint, with sensitivity about the revolutionary and chaotic
nature of the situation in Iran, to protect
our Nation's interest, to honor as best we
could the sensitivities of other countries,
and to protect the lives of the hostages.
This is a very complicated question. At
the same time, obviously, I have to deal
with the normal matters that fall on the
shoulders of a President here in the Oval
Office, and in addition, I have been managing the campaign for reelection. But I
have never let the Iranian question suffer
because of unwarranted attention to a
campaign effort.
THE MODERATE FACTION IN IRAN
Q. Have your decisions to break off
diplomatic relations and to enforce sanctions been based on the belief that the
moderates in Tehran can be written off?
THE PRESIDENT. No. Some of the
moderates in Tehran, I think, have made
an honest effort to secure the transfer of
the hostages from control of the terrorists
and subsequently to achieve their release
to freedom.
Quite often we have been informed, on
several occasions, that the Revolutionary
Council has made a unanimous decision
to make this transfer, that the transfer was
approved by the militants in the compound, and we have been informed by the
top Iranian officials that this action had
the approval of Khomeini himself. Subsequent events have proven that this degree of unanimity which seems to be required under President Bani-Sadr's government has not been achieved.
It has been a very frustrating experience, but we've not written off any element of possible support that might be
available to make the crisis come to an
end.
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Apr. 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
SITUATION IN AFGHANISTAN
THE SOVIET INVASION
Q. Coming to another subject, Mr.
President, Afghanistan: You surely knew
what was going to happen; you surely
knew about the buildup. Why didn't you
warn anyone, and by warning, maybe
prevent it or have the Russians think
twice about it?
THE PRESIDENT. I didn't know what
was going to happen.2
Q. You were not informed that there
was buildup at the border with Afghanistan?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, we obviously had
extremely good intelligence about the
placement of Soviet troops around the border of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.
They had been there for a long timemonths, even years, some of them. We
also knew about the increased Soviet presence in Iran [Afghanistan] of military
personnel, in the nature of a few hundred.
It was only Christmas Eve when a massive airlift began to move strong Soviet
troops into the area around Kabul, and it
was only a day or two later, as you know,
when the Soviets had the leader of Iran
[Afghanistan], President Amin, assassinated, along with some of the members of
his family.
This was the first time that the Soviets
had used their own very powerful military forces for an invasion of a neighboring country since the Warsaw Pact itself was formed. It was an unprecedented
action on their part, therefore, for the last
quarter-century.
I have tried since I've been in this
2 The President misunderstood the last part
of this question. Beginning as early as October
1979, the United States did publicly and privately warn the Soviet Union against invading
Afghanistan. [White House clarification.]
office not only to strengthen the constant
moral commitment of this Nation and to
strengthen that commitment in the part
of other nations-human rights, the preservation of democracy, the honoring of
international borders, the effectuation of
peace among disputing parties-but also
to increase our military strength, in
NATO and in other places in the world.
I think we've been successful in that.
What is required now, with this gross
violation of the principles of detente and
this gross violation of human decency and
the principles of international law on the
part of the Soviet Union, is a clear message to them, unified if possible, that they
will not be permitted to continue this invasion with impunity, that the consequences of their invasion will be very
severe for them.
I had, in the most powerful nation on
Earth, the options of acting economically
or politically or militarily. We chose to
exercise, along with many other nations, a
political and economic route and to hold
in reserve stronger action in the future, if
necessary, to preserve peace in that troubled region.
A hundred and four members of the
United Nations joined in condemning the
Soviet invasion, calling for their withdrawal. They have not withdrawn. As a
matter of fact, within the last few days
they have moved additional major military units into Afghanistan. They are in
direct violation of international law, and
they are also threatening the advantages
of detente, now and in the future.
To the extent that the Soviets are convinced not only that the United States is
going to take economic action against
them but other nations as well will take
action against the Soviet Union-to that
extent we believe that ultimately they will
withdraw from Afghanistan. But they
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Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980Ap.1
Apr. 13
have certainly shown no evidence at this
stage of any inclination to withdraw their
forces. They are steadily building up their
forces instead.
PRESENT INTERNATIONAL SITUATION
Q. Mr. President, Chancellor Schmidt
said yesterday that the comparison between the present international situation
and the situation which led, after Sarajevo, to the First World War, is not totally
wrong. Nobody wanted war; nobody was
able to avoid it. What do you think of
that?
THE PRESIDENT. Chancellor Schmidt is
a very wise statesman, and I think he's
analyzed the situation accurately. To the
extent that an unclear signal is sent to an
aggressor nation, to the extent that a stepby-step increasing escalation of aggression
is permitted by the rest of the world, the
temptation comes for that aggression to
reach proportions such that the vital interests of other countries are not only endangered but severely damaged.
We've got a volatile situation in the
Persian Gulf-Southwest Asian region
under any circumstances. And for the
Soviets to exercise their massive military
power to completely subjugate another
nation, to kill literally thousands of its
people every week, to wipe out villages, is
a clear signal to the rest of the world that
they have no regard for the advantages of
detente and that they are not willing to
live in accordance with international law.
And I believe that unless we let a clear
signal go to the Soviet Union that we
allies stand united in not only condemnation of this action but that we are going
to take firm actions to show the Soviets
that they will suffer because of it, that
might lead to increasing encroachment by
the Soviet Union against other countries.
U. S. FOREIGN POLICY
Q. Four years ago your campaign
message was an act of faith. You were
speaking of love and friendship between
nations, and we were moved by this. But
won't you be forced by the events of the
eighties to speak in totally different terms?
THE PRESIDENT. No, the terms are not
totally different. It's the Soviet action
which has violated moral principles and
human decency and international law.
It's the Iranian terrorist action which has
violated moral decency and international
law and human principles.
We have combined a commitment to
peace, a commitment to morality, the
protection of human rights, the honoring
of good relationships with all countries
in every aspect of foreign policy that we
pursue. This has been exhibited in our
effort in the Middle East to bring about
peace, to honor democratic principles and
majority rule in Africa, the opening up of
China to new friendship with our country, and in other areas around the world.
At the same time, however, we have
seen that it is necessary to have a strong
and consistent strengthening of the military capability of the United States and
our allies. Six to 10 years ago there was
a feeling in even my own Democratic
Party that NATO could be partially
abandoned, that we could draw down at
least half our troops or maybe, some advocated, all the troops and that we could
let our military strength deteriorate.
I have reversed that. And I think we've
had extremely good response from the
members of NATO who've now committed themselves to a long-term defense
commitment, also made a decision on the
theater nuclear force, which was difficult
for some nations in Europe, who've committed themselves to build up the budget
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Apr. 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
allocation for defense purposes on a
steady, moderate, but sustained basis.
So, the relationship between strong
moral commitments to human decency
and human rights on the one hand and
strong and adequate and predictable and
sure and steady buildup in our military
capability to match an enormous buildup
in the Soviet Union are, I think, completely compatible one with another.
SOVIET AGGRESSION AND DETENTE
Q. Mr. President, after the invasion of
Afghanistan, you said in a television interview then, and I quote: "My opinion
of the Russians has changed more drastically in the past week than in the previous
3 years." Now, are you saying that
you believe the Russians never themselves
believed in detente?
THE PRESIDENT. I think the Soviets
would like to avoid any sort of major confrontation with powerful nations like ourselves, including all those represented
here.
The Soviets have shown a consistent
inclination to extend its own influence,
through violence, into other areas of the
world. They've done this primarily
through surrogates.
In Vietnam now, they are encouraging the Vietnamese to invade and to subjugate and to destroy the fabric of the nation in Kampuchea. In Angola, through
their surrogates, the Cubans, they have
30,000 to 40,000 troops there to prevent
the full expression of free will by the
Angolan people to choose their own government. In Ethiopia, as you know, there
are several thousands of troops there by
the Cubans, supported financially and
otherwise by the Soviet Union.
What happened in Afghanistan was, as
I said earlier-this is the first time in more
than a quarter of a century when the
Soviets have used massive troops of their
own to invade and to dominate a freedomloving, deeply religious, and independent
nation. They now have more than
100,000 heavily armed troops devoted to
the subjugation of Afghanistan. And this
is a radical departure of the Soviet Union
from their more recent policy as far as
using military force is concerned.
STATE OF EAST-WEST RELATIONS
Q. But in suggesting that there can't
be any normal East-West relations until
they've now withdrawn from Afghanistan,
aren't you in fact suggesting that we really
have to return to a sort of semipermanent
cold war?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I would hope
that our clear commitment to avoiding
any acceptance of the status quo while
the Soviets are involved in the violation of
international peace and international law
would send a clear signal to the Soviet
Union that the consequences of their action will be severely adverse to themselves.
As you know, the leaders of some of
your nations have made direct appeals to
the Soviet Union to withdraw their troops
and to establish a nonaligned or independent or neutral country or government in Afghanistan acceptable to the
people of that country. We would support
this effort. But the Soviets, contrary to
the assurance given to me by Brezhnev
and given to, I know, at least, President
Giscard by Brezhnev, have not withdrawn
their troops. In my judgment, they have
no inclination to withdraw their troops at
this time; they've shown no evidence of
that.
And only by the Soviets realizing,
finally, that they cannot prevail in this
unwarranted aggression will they be induced to restore the previous boundaries
and to let Afghanistan have a peaceful
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nation with a government of their own
choosing. I would prefer that the government and the nation be nonaligned.
There is another very important, tangible, and symbolic action that we must
take without delay, and that is to make it
clear to the world that we will not send
our nation and our nation's flags to Moscow for the Summer Olympics while the
Soviets are invading Afghanistan. This is
a morally indecent act on their part, and
I cannot imagine the democratic or freedom-loving nations adding an imprimatur of approval to the Soviets' invasion by
sending teams to the Moscow Olympics.
Our Olympic team will not go to Moscow, and my hope and expectation is that
the other nations represented here will
take similar action.
ALLIED REACTIONS TO SOVIET ACTIONS
Q. Getting back to the problem of
detente, we are, of course, close allies, and
there's no doubt about it. But we have
different positions; we in Europe live
close on the East-West border. And do
you take into account the fact that
America may live with a serious deterioration of East-West relations, but Europe,
particularly Germany, is much more
strongly affected.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I am very clear in
my knowledge of that difference. Each
country has a different problem and a
different need to have -an independent
reaction to the threats that do present
themselves to us all.
We know very clearly that Germany is
a divided nation with 16 or 17 million
people living under communism, a totalitarian government imposed upon them.
We recognize the vulnerability of Berlin.
We recognize the importance of trade, exports in particular, to Germany, which
are greater than our own dependence
upon exports. I recognize all those things.
But still, we feel that within the bounds
of complete independence of a decision by
each govenment to make, that a consistent approach must be made to the Soviet
Union to let them know that we do want
to have arms control, we do want to have
the advantages of detente, but we are not
going to accept armed aggression in a
vital area of the world-where the interests of Europe are much more seriously
threatened even than our own, because of
a heavier dependence on exported oil
from that region-and that further aggression will be severely met by a more
consistent and a more forceful action.
This is what we advocate. Exactly what
action we have taken, at substantial sacrifice to us, we do not expect that to be
exactly mirrored by action among other
nations.
Farmers are very similar to one another
all over the world. I happen to be a
farmer. We have taken action to eliminate 17 million tons of grain sales to the
Soviet Union. This was a difficult decision for me to make, particularly in an
election year. But I think the American
farmers have decided, as demonstrated by
votes in key agricultural States, that they
are willing to make this sacrifice, a financial sacrifice, in order to let the signal go
clearly to the Soviet Union.
So, I believe that if we want to have
peace, want to have future trade, want to
have a perpetuation of the advantages of
detente, if we want to have a consistent
commitment to controlling weapons and
to lessening tensions in the world, we have
got to respond effectively and forcefully
and, I believe, peacefully to Soviet aggression when it's so blatant and so immoral
as is taking place at this very moment in
Afghanistan.
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1980 SUMMER OLYMPICS
Q. Mr. President, coming back a moment to what you said a moment ago
about the American team is not going to
Moscow. Does this mean that you may
apply those legal measures to prevent
them to go, and will you expect the European countries to do the same?
THE PRESIDENT. I have had indications
from all of the European leaders represented by you distinguished news reporters that we share a common commitment not to add our voice of approval to
Soviet aggression by going to the Moscow
Olympics.
The U.S. Olympic Committee has already made a public statement quite
early this year-I think in February or
March-that they would honor the decision made by me and an almost unanimous vote in the U.S. Congress in both
Houses and also by overwhelming public
opinion in this country that we should not
attend the Moscow Olympics because of
the invasion. I have no doubt that the
U.S. Olympic Committee will make this
decision.
Q. But then you will enforce, legally, if
some athlete will try to go on his own. As
I understand, France and England have
such a situation.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, my understanding of Olympic rules and principles is that
athletes are not recognized for competition in the Olympics representing themselves, that they must represent a nation.
And therefore, a decision made by a nation's government or a nation's Olympic
committee is a final decision, and individual athletes are not recognized as competitors in the Olympics.
Q. Yes. Mr. President, public opinion
in Europe is not so sure that boycotting
the Olympic games will be an effective
measure to challenge the Russian invasion
of Afghanistan. Europe agrees with your
ultimate aim in Afghanistan, but it
doesn't necessarily agree with the means
you suggest. It feels that going to the
games and boycotting only the parade
and all the ceremonial events will be more
effective with the Russians. Wouldn't you
agree?
THE PRESIDENT. NO, I don't agree with
that at all, but obviously each nation
would have to make its own decision.
We're not trying to force our will upon
others, but we make our position clear.
The Soviets have, obviously, a great interest in the propaganda benefits to be
derived for itself by an expression of participation with them in the Olympics in
Moscow. Their own official publications
and handbooks say that the granting to
Moscow of a right to have the summer
Olympics is an endorsement, in effect, of
the Soviet foreign policy and a recognition of the peaceful nature of the Soviet
Government.
I think for a country to go to Moscow
to participate in the summer Olympic
games, to raise its flag in the Olympic
stadium when the host government is engaged at that moment in an unwarranted
and inhumane invasion of a free and independent country is abhorrent to the moral
principles on which democracy is founded.
I feel very strongly about this subject, and
I believe that the overwhelming number
of American citizens do as well. The opinion of Europeans may or may not be different; I have no way to know that.
But I know that it will be a very
difficult problem for the Soviet Union to
explain to the rest of the world and to
explain to its own citizens why 20 or 30 or
40 or 50 or maybe 70 other nations refuse
to participate. As a matter of fact, when
the United Nations voted earlier this year
to condemn the Soviet Union, I think 104
countries voted in this way. The Soviet
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citizens never knew about the outcome of
the United Nations condemnation. The
Soviet Government is misleading its own
people.
My own judgment is that many Soviet
citizens do object to invasion of other
countries, do object to a direct threat to
peace that might bring great adverse consequences to themselves. And I believe
that this would be a very clear signal to the
world and to the Soviet people that the
Soviets have made a serious mistake in
Afghanistan.
I don't claim that not going to the Summer Olympics will be the single factor that
would result in a withdrawal of their
troops, but I believe that going to the Soviet Union is, in effect, an endorsement of
the invasion and an endorsement of the
violation of morality, human decency, and
international law.
Q. Mr. President, I wanted to get you
right, there, on the numbers you think
countries might not be going; you said
50 or 60 or 70. Is that just a hope on your
part, or do you have some indication? Because I think if as many countries as that
were to boycott, it would possibly effect
arrangements in all countries.
We have a problem in Britain, where
we're split right down the middle. The
Government supports your boycott totally,
and the British teams want to go. Public
opinion is not so sensitized as in America.
Probably most of the public think they
should go. But if you could bring some
evidence that as many countries as that
would stay away, I think it would have an
effect.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the evidence is
in the final action. I think I gave a broad
range of countries who might join us. I
think 20 or 30 nations have announced
already that they would not go.
Q. As many as that?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. And the question
is: How many of the European countries
will go to the Olympics, and how many
are willing to announce their decision,
hopefully, as early as possible?
I know that the Olympic Committee
in Great Britain has announced that they
prefer to go, but that they would assess
future developments before they make a
final decision. My understanding is that
one of those future developments that
they would assess is the willingness of the
Soviet troops to be withdrawn from
Afghanistan.
I have no expectation at all that prior
to the deadline date for the acceptance or
rejection of the Moscow Olympics invitation-I think the 24th of May-that Soviet troops will be withdrawn. The contrary is the evidence. They are increasing
their military involvement in Afghanistan.
And it may be that when your own Olympic Committee assesses this fact that they
might reverse themselves and decide not
to send a team.
I have seen news reports that some of
your superb athletes, whom I admire very
much, have announced that they would
like to go individually. I understand that
the International Olympic Committee
rules do not permit an athlete competing
on his or her own, that it must be part of
a national team.
But we are seeing very shortly the evolution of commitments. We have private
assurances from some other nations that
they will join in the boycott of the Olympics, but I am not trying to speak for
them. They can speak for themselves.
Q. The Olympic question is just one
example of diversity between the United
States and Europe. You expect the Europeans to follow suit. Is it a surprise to you,
Mr. President, that there is what you
might call a lack of solidarity, if no proper
and real consultation prior to your an
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
nouncement of the boycott has taken
place?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, let me correct
the premise that seems to be the basis for
your question. In the first place, there is
no evidence that there are differences between us in whether we will or will not
go to the Olympics. The U.S. Olympic
Committee is going to decide very shortly,
maybe today, that they will or will not go.
Other Olympic committees will be deciding in the future. I don't think we'll have
any clear evidence of either complete
compatibility or incompatibility before
May, when the final decisions are made.
There is a sharp difference of opinion
in my own country. The athletes themselves, many of them, do prefer to go to
the Olympic games. I believe the U.S.
Olympic Committee itself, the Congress,
the American people, and myself do not
believe that we should go to the Olympics.
And my statement to you is that we will
not go.
On your other premise, we do not expect compliance with a decision made by
us because we demand unanimity or demand some sort of action by other countries. Each country must make its own
decision. We make our position very
clear, and it's predicated not on what
other nations might do, but on our own
decision. If all of the nations go to the
Moscow Olympics, we will still not go.
But each country, including your own,
must make that decision for itself.
I think in action concerning Iran we
have let our allies and our friends know
very clearly what our position is. We've
tried to keep them informed about action
that we would take before it was taken.
Sometimes it's not necessary or advisable to have complete consultation, because events change so rapidly that that's
not possible, and sometimes we need to
take unilateral action without complete
consultation with anyone. But I would
guess that in my own administration, in
the last 3 years, we've had at least as good
consultation as has ever been the case with
our European allies, and particularly during a time of peace.
DIVERSITY OF NATIONS
Q. Mr. President, but just about that:
You said that the allies have freedom of
choice, and yet Thursday you were a
little bit disappointed about the fact that
the allies ask for protection, for leadership, and then they want to do whatever
they want, which puzzles a little bit, with
due respect, sir, our governments, about
American foreign policy-some lack of
communication, some mistakes, like the
one Ambassador McHenry did at the
United Nations. Now, don't you think that
this makes all our governments think that
such a government is accident prone, incident prone?
THE PRESIDENT. I think every government makes mistakes. And I would guess
that there have been decisions made by all
of your countries and their governments
that didn't get my immediate approval or
the approval of the American Congress
or the approval of the American people
or the approval of the American media.
We live in a pluralistic society, and each
country is strong, forceful, independent,
and also each country has a different perspective, depending upon its particular
relationships with its neighbors and with
other countries around the world. We
expect that diversity. We're not the Warsaw Pact, where complete conformity is
demanded and achieved within a group of
nations. We recognize the necessity for
diversity, and I think this diversity is very
beneficial.
For instance, Germany has taken the
leadership in strengthening the economy
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.1
Apr. 13
of Turkey. We follow this leadership, with
appreciation of the initiative that Germany has taken. The French have been
extremely effective in some elements of
development of democratic principles and
the protection, for instance, of the integrity of Zaire. Great Britain has done an
extraordinarily good job, in my opinion
in bringing about majority rule in Rhodesia, soon to be Zimbabwe. We look to
Italy to help us with the entire Mediterranean area and to give me advice on how
we can better have a policy for the southern regions of NATO.
So, each country is different. We have
taken the leadership in the Mideast. Some
of our decisions, some of our policies have
been criticized within your own countries
and also, I might say, within my own
country. But we've made good progress:
the present situation in the Mideast, with
peace between Egypt and Israel, the two
most powerful nations, the two nations
aligned with the West, the two nations
who are very strong, stabilizing factors
there, and the present effort to move forward now with the preservation of
Palestinian rights in the West Bank/
Gaza area, of full autonomy there, the
realization of a solution to the refugee
problem, the enhancement and protection
of the security of Israel behind recognized
borders-this effort is the only one that
has a chance for success.
And even those who have criticized our
own effort, for instance, in this particular
instance have not put forward any alternative proposal that might even get the
attention or participation of the parties
who are in dispute. Obviously this is sometimes a fumbling, sometimes a disappointing, sometimes a frustrating, sometimes a
highly argumentative relationship; all of
these efforts were. But we're making
progress.
And we recognize the independence
and the autonomy and difference among
our countries. But the common bind
which holds us together, a belief in freedom, a belief in democracy, a belief in
basic human morality, the preservation
of human rights, a common, strong commitment to security-these kinds of things
are much more important than any small
differences that might exist among us as
each nation tries to do the best it can to
protect its own interests and to enhance
those principles that I've just outlined to
you.
MIDDLE EAST
PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
Q. But you yourself, Mr. President,
wish to see the Camp David agreement
fully implemented. Unfortunately we
seem still very far away from that end.
How do you intend to make Mr. Begin
change his mind?
THE PRESIDENT. We all change our
minds. I think it would be a mistake for
me at this point to predict what's going
to happen in the future. I'll be meeting
with Prime Minister Begin this next week;
I met with President Sadat this week.
If you would go back 2 years at the
situation then and compare what has been
accomplished during this period, it is
indeed almost a miracle. Then no Arab
nation would even speak to Israel nor recognize its right to exist nor negotiate with
it. Now we have the most powerful Arab
nation of all recognizing Israel as a country; ambassadorial exchanges have been
made; the borders are open; trade is being
enhanced and negotiating taking place
on a daily basis.
The commitment has been made by
Prime Minister Begin himself to grant full
autonomy to the Palestinians on the West
Bank, to resolve the Palestinian question
in all its aspects, to give the Palestinians
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
a voice in the determination of their own
future.
These are the kinds of things that were
inconceivable 2 years ago. I know how
difficult it was for Prime Minister Begin
to agree, for instance, to withdraw from
the Sinai and to commit himself to give
up oil wells that were vital to Israel's
security and also to agree that the Israeli
settlers in the Sinai would be withdrawn
in the next phase.
The Egyptian-Israeli treaty has been
honored meticulously by both sides. And
I don't anticipate any ease of success in
future negotiations between Israel, Egypt,
and all her neighbors, but we're making
the best effort we can. And there have
been very good and very profound concessions made on both sides in an effort
to achieve peace in this vital area of the
world.
ISRAELI SETTLEMENTS
Q. Mr. President, with the settlement
policy, particularly on the West Bank,
your Government has told Israel that you
oppose that, and yet they go on snubbing
you, if you like, even humiliating the
United States by keeping on the settlements, like even in Hebron and so on.
Why don't you actually take a step like
reducing aid to Israel by the amount that
it costs for the settlements?
THE PRESIDENT. We have a respect for
Israel's independence and autonomy as
a nation, just as we respect the independence and autonomyQ. But the West Bank is not an independent nation, is it?
THE PRESIDENT. The decision made by
Israel in their Government is worthy of
respect as an independent nation, just as
we respect the right of Great Britain to
disagree with us, or other nations as well.
Our position on the settlements is very
clear. We do not think they are legal, and
they are obviously an impediment to
peace. The Israeli Government, however,
feels that they have a right to those
settlements.
Under the Camp David accords, the
Israelis have committed themselves to
withdraw their military government and
its civilian administration and then to
redeploy military forces in selected security locations. When and if this is done, in
my judgment, the basic question of the
settlements will effectively be resolved.
The Israelis will still maintain that Jewish
citizens, Israeli citizens have a right to
live wherever they choose. As you know,
many Arabs live in Israel itself.
But the ultimate status of the West
Bank and Gaza is to be negotiated among
Israel, the people who live in the region,
the Jordanians, and the Egyptians. And
this is what has been already prescribed in
the Camp David agreement. There are
obviously very strong differences of
opinion between Israel and her neighbors,
and between Israel and us on this particular instance, but we have to honor those
differences and work as best we can to
resolve those differences peacefully.
U.S. MILITARY STRENGTH AND THE DRAFT
Q. Mr. President, can America regain
credibility militarily without reintroducing the draft system?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, of course. I don't
think, again, the premise of your question
is well founded. We have no absence of
credibility militarily. Our Nation is the
strongest nation on Earth militarily.
We have been concerned for the last 15
years by the extraordinary buildup in
Soviet military strength. Year by year
they have had a substantial real addition
in commitment in their budget to their
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 13
military forces. In the last 3 years, beginning in 1977, we have joined with our allies, including your country, in building
up the strength of our own nations to
match that extraordinary additional
threat from the Soviet Union.
We are, at the same time, pursuing an
effort to control weapons, including nuclear weapons. The SS-20, which is a
severe threat to all the nations represented here except our own-it can't
reach us yet-is to be matched now, finally, by an increase in theater nuclear
force commitments. We consider this a
very strong step forward.
We are maintaining an adequate military force without a draft. I see no reason
to have a draft. We will commence registration this year in order to prepare for
some eventuality in the future that might
bring about a military crisis calling for a
dral't, but whether we have a draft or not
is not important issue at all as far as the
overall strength of our country is
concerned.
ECONOMIC SUMMIT IN VENICE
Q. Mr. President, changing the subject-in the context of your slight dissatisfaction about the behavior of the allies,
how do you consider the possibility of
success to our many economical problems
at the forthcoming economic summit in
Venice at the end of June?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we all share the
same basic problems: an extraordinary
threat to our own security because we are
so heavily dependent on imported oil; an
almost unprecedented level of inflation,
certainly within this generation; the
threat that as we control inflation in the
future effectively that the unemployment
rate will go up in our nations; the need to
avoid protectionist steps in international
trade; the proper treatment of the less
developed countries, who are often dependent on a single commodity and
haven't let the advantages of a technological world be extended to them.
These kinds of problems are common
among us, and it's extremely beneficial
to me-I'm sure it's beneficial to the other
participants in the economic summitsto share these problems with one another.
In Venice, I think we'll have another
opportunity to discuss these problems. I
think we've made very good progress in
the other three summits with which I have
been involved, and I have no doubt that
the beautiful setting in Venice and the
hospitality of the Italian people and the
common realization of our purposes and
challenges and opportunities will make
this next summit conference also effective.
MIDDLE EAST NEGOTIATIONS
Q. Mr. President, you refer to the
French action in Africa. What about the
Middle East? President Giscard d'Estaing has made a statement, and it looks
like the European countries agree with his
conclusions. According to your opinion,
is that policy helping or damaging your
own policy in that situation?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't agree with the
statements made by President Giscard
d'Estaing, but I certainly recognize his
right to make them. And I'm not sure that
all of the European countries agree completely with what he has said.
In my opinion, the best opportunity for
the realization of our hopes, which are
common among all of us, in the Mideast,
surrounding Israel, rests in the further
progress to be envisioned under the Camp
David accords. It is a basis for an adequate
peace settlement for Israel and all her
neighbors. I don't believe that President
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Giscard d'Estaing has put forward an alternative negotiating process, that would
be acceptable by the parties in dispute,
that might replace the Camp David
accords.
The Palestinians have legitimate rights,
which we are trying to honor. They have
a right to a voice in the determination of
their own future. These two statements,
among others, have been recognized by
not only ourselves and the Egyptians but
also by the Israeli leaders, including Prime
Minister Begin.
So, I believe that it would be better for
the European countries to give us a chance
to continue the Camp David process unless there is a clear vision or delineation
of a preferable alternative, and I see no
prospects of this being put forward.
Some have moved toward a recognition
of the PLO. We have no intention of recognizing the PLO nor of negotiating with
the PLO until they first acknowledge the
effectiveness and authenticity of the
United Nations Resolution 242 and also
recognize Israel's right to exist. This is a
clear policy of ours which will be honored.
But we are as determined as others to
see the refugee question resolved, full
autonomy established in the West Bank/
Gaza, a secure Israel, recognized borders,
and peace.
Q. Thank you very much, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. It's been a pleasure.
NOTE: The interview began at 9:11 a.m. in
the Oval Office at the White House. Participating were Fred Emery of the British Broadcasting Corp., Winifred Scharlau of North German
Television (ARD), Andre Celarie of French
Television's Antenna 1, and Antonello Mareschalchi of the Italian RAI-TV.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 13.
Cuban Refugees in the Peruvian
Embassy in Havana
White House Statement. April 14, 1980
The President remains deeply concerned for the safety and freedom of the
10,800 Cubans who are seeking asylum in
the Peruvian Embassy in Havana.
In the last year and a half, the Cuban
regime has released over 3,900 political
prisoners, and President Carter has implemented a program which permitted these
prisoners and their families to come to the
United States. This program will bring a
total of more than 10,000 Cubans to the
United States.
In dealing with the immediate problem
in Havana, the United States fully supports the efforts of the five countries of
the Andean Pact to bring about a quick,
humanitarian solution. The problem of
Cuban refugees is one for all the Americas as well as the world. The President is
encouraged by the efforts of several Latin
American and European nations to give
tangible help to the victims in the crisis.
The decision made by Costa Rica to serve
as a staging area for the refugees to assure a rapid evacuation is an important
one, and we welcome it.
As a contribution to this international
effort, under the authority of the Refugee
Act of 1980 and after consultations with
the Congress, the President has decided to
admit from one-quarter to one-third, or
up to 3,500, of the Cubans who have
sought asylum in the Peruvian Embassy.
These people will be admitted according
to the requirements of the act.
The United States, moreover, calls on
other nations in the region and elsewhere
to make their own contributions without
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 14
delay. This humanitarian crisis requires
an immediate international response.
The world also looks to Cuba to assure
humanitarian conditions for the refugees
pending their evacuation and to cooperate with Peru and international organizations to facilitate the prompt, safe, and
peaceful exit of the Cubans from the
Embassy.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell read the
statement to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House.
United States Tax Court
Nomination of Three judges. April 14, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate three judges of the U.S.
Tax Court for reappointment for 15-year
terms. They are:
C. Moxley Featherston, who has been
a judge of the U.S. Tax Court since
1967. Featherston, 65, was designated
Chief Judge of this court by his fellow
judges in 1977 and redesignated in 1979.
He was with the Tax Division of the
Justice Department for 20 years, including service as a trial attorney, Chief of
the Review Section, and Assistant for
Civil Trials.
William M. Fay, who has been on this
court since 1961. Fay, 64, was with the
Internal Revenue Service for 13 years
and served as Assistant Regional Counsel of the IRS before his appointment
to the Tax Court.
Charles R. Simpson, who has served on
this court since 1965. Simpson, 58, was
with the Internal Revenue Service Chief
Counsel's Office from 1952 to 1965 and
served as Director of that office from
1964 to 1965.
National Farm Safety Week,
1980
Proclamation 4749. April 14, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Every year hundreds of thousands of
farm and ranch residents suffer unnecessary injury, and sometimes disability and
death, from accidents on the farm. The
annual cost of these accidents totals several billion dollars. But statistics do not
reveal the depth of personal loss and grief
experienced by the injured and their
families. Though progress has been made
in many areas of farm accident control,
more can be done.
Safety leaders have demonstrated that
accidents and injuries can be effectively
reduced by greater caution in work habits,
by consistent use of protective equipment,
and by careful planning for emergencies.
A safer agricultural environment will be
more productive and better able to meet
the tremendous food and fiber needs of
our people in the decade ahead.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate the seven-day period
beginning July 25, 1980, as National Farm
Safety Week. I urge the Nation's farmers
and ranchers to adopt safe and sensible
work practices and to remove unnecessary home and workplace hazards.
Further, I call upon those who serve
agricultural producers to become full
partners in farm and community safety
efforts.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fourteenth day of
April in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independ
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Apr. 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
8:46 a.m., April 15, 1980]
Emergency Board To Investigate
a Railway Labor Dispute
Appointment of the Membership.
April 14, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of the three members of
Presidential Emergency Board 193 to investigate and make recommendations for
settlement of a current dispute between
the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp.
(PATH) and certain of its employees
represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the United States and
Canada. The members are:
Arthur Stark, of New York City, who
will serve as Chairman. Stark is an arbitrator who has served on other Presidential emergency boards. He is a former
executive director of the New York State
Board of Mediation and has served as
president of the National Academy of
Arbitrators.
Thomas G. S. Christensen, of New York
City. He is a professor of law at New York
University and has served on Presidential
emergency boards in the past.
Clara H. Friedman, of New York City.
Friedman is an arbitrator who serves on
the permanent panel for New York State
and Civil Service Employees Association
and New York State and American Federation of State, County, and Municipal
employees. She is a former project director for the New York City Rand Institute.
The Board will report its findings and
recommendations for settlement to the
President within 30 days from the date
of the Executive order, which was issued
April 12, 1980. The parties must then consider the recommendations of the Emergency Board and endeavor to resolve
their differences without engaging in selfhelp during a subsequent 30-day period.
Consultations on the Admission
of Refugees
Executive Order 12208. April 15, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the
United States of America, including the
Refugee Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-212; 8
U.S.C. 1101 note), the Immigration and
Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C.
1101 et seq.), and Section 301 of Title 3
of the United States Code, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
1-101. Exclusive of the functions otherwise delegated, or reserved to the President, by this Order, there are hereby delegated the following functions:
(a) To the Secretary of State and the
Attorney General, or either of them, the
functions of initiating and carrying out
apropriate consultations with members of
the Committees on the Judiciary of the
Senate and of the House of Representatives for purposes of Sections 101 (a) (42)
(B) and 207(a), (b), (d), and (e) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended (8 U.S.C. 1101(a) (42) (B) and
1157(a), (b), (d), and (e)).
(b) To the United States Coordinator
for Refugee Affairs, the functions of reporting and carrying on periodic discussions under sections 207(d) (1) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended.
1-102. (a) The functions vested in the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 15
United States Coordinator for Refugee
Affairs by Section 1-101 (b) of this Order
shall be carried out in consultation with
the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
(b) The United States Coordinator
shall notify the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of
Representatives that the Secretary of
State and the Attorney General, or either
of them, wish to consult for the purposes
of Section 207 (a), (b), or (d) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended. The United States Coordinator
for Refugee Affairs shall, in accord with
his responsibilities under Section 301 of
the Refugee Act of 1980 (8 U.S.C. 1525),
prepare for those Committees the information required by 207 (e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended.
1-103. There are reserved to the President the following functions under the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as
amended:
(a) To specify special circumstances
for purposes of qualifying persons as
refugees under Section 101 (a) (42) (B).
(b) To make determinations under
Sections 207(a) (1), 207(a) (2), 207(a)
(3) and 207(b).
(c) To fix the number of refugees to be
admitted under Section 207 (b).
1-104. Except to the extent inconsistent
with this Order, all actions previously
taken pursuant to any function delegated
or assigned by this Order shall be deemed
to have been taken and authorized by
this Order.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 15, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
12: 10 p.m., April 15, 1980]
Continuation of Emergency
Building Temperature
Restrictions
Proclamation 4750. April 15, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
I find that continued implementation
of the Emergency Building Temperature
Restrictions, Energy Conservation Contingency Plan No. 2, is required in the
national interest. This Plan was transmitted by me to the Congress on March 1,
1979, and approved by resolution of each
House of Congress in the manner provided
by law.
This Conservation Plan was implemented by me nine months ago because
it was clear in view of unstable world production of crude oil that we could not
rely on imports to meet our normal demand. Worldwide production of crude oil
now is at levels even below those of the
comparable period last year. We have
had to terminate crude oil imports from
Iran, and have experienced increased
uncertainty about the level of continued
crude oil supplies from other producing
countries. Because of the actions of the
Soviet Union in Afghanistan and the tensions between Iraq and Iran, the threat
to the stability of commerce in the countries of the oil-producing Persian Gulf
has increased.
This shortage of reliable supply has resulted in continued high U.S. dependence
on insecure crude oil imports, which have
experienced rapid price increases, substantially increasing our inflation rate and
creating a major adverse impact on the
national economy. These effects are likely
to be of significant scope and duration,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and may be exacerbated by additional
shortages which, should they occur, are
likely to be of an emergency nature resulting from interruption of the supply of
foreign petroleum.
The risk to the Nation from this reliance on insecure oil imports has not
diminished since the Plan was implemented nine months ago. Under applicable law the finding that a shortage
of energy supply requires implementation of the Plan must be considered
anew nine months after it was made. I
therefore renew the finding and determination contained in Proclamation No.
4667 of July 10, 1979 under sections 201
(b) and 3(8) of the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6261 (b),
6202 (8) ).
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States,
including section 201 (b) of the Energy
Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C.
6261 (b) ), do hereby proclaim that:
Sec. 1-101. The finding and determination under sections 3(8) and 201(b) of
the Energy Policy and Conservation Act
(42 U.S.C. 6202 (8), 6261 (b) ) contained
in Proclamation No. 4667 of July 10, 1979
are hereby renewed.
Sec. 1-102. This Proclamation shall be
immediately transmitted to the Congress.
Sec. 1-103. The provisions of the Emergency Building Temperature Restrictions,
Energy Conservation Contingency Plan
No. 2 (44 FR 12911 of March 8, 1979)
and the regulations thereunder, or any
amendments thereto, shall continue in effect until January 16, 1981, unless earlier
rescinded.
Sec. 1-104. In accordance with the
provisions of this Plan and the regulations thereunder, the Secretary of Energy
is hereby authorized to continue the ad
ministration of the program in all respects.
In WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of
April, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred eighty, and of the Independence
of the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:26 a.m., April 16, 1980]
Visit of Prime Minister
Menahem Begin of Israel
Toasts at the Dinner Honoring the
Prime Minister. April 15, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. If I could have your attention for a minute, I'd like, first of all,
to welcome all of you to the White House.
We're extremely delighted to have our
guests from Israel come here to see us
again, particularly Prime Minister Begin
and his lovely wife.
Mr. Prime Minister, as you may know,
this is an election year in the United
States. I don't know if the word has
gotten to Israel yet. [Laughter] But I have
noticed that when Prime Minister Begin
and I agree, we both prosper, not only in
public acclaim but also politically; when
we don't quite agree, neither one of us
benefits substantially. [Laughter]
Lately, for instance, my own policies
have caused him some trouble, as you may
have noticed a month or so ago, on the
West Bank of the Jordan. And I might say
that our disagreement also caused me
some trouble on the east bank of the Hudson River. [Laughter]
When Prime Minister Begin comes in
to the White House, it's an experience not
only of a personal pleasure but also with
the realization of the making of history.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. I15
There are a few people in this world who,
because of personal courage and integrity
and deep commitment and sensitivity to
others and tenacity, are able to change the
course of human events. And obviously,
our visitor tonight, Prime Minister Begin,
is one of those men.
This is an historic house, and the
friendship that binds our two countries
together and the tremendous achievements of this great statesman, I think,
make a good confluence of both pleasure
and history.
Monday will be the 32d birthday of
the nation of Israel. I can't be in Israel. I
wish I could. I am sending, Mr. Prime
Minister, my mother to represent me on
that delightful occasion.
As you know, 2 years ago we were together on the South Lawn of the White
House to celebrate the 30th anniversary
of the founding of the State of Israel. On
that occasion, I thought that it would be
good for our Nation to commemorate
with the large group of American Jewish
citizens and all of us, the 220 million of us,
the terrible historic lesson that we learned
from the Holocaust. Since then, the committee has been to Israel and to some of
the devastating locations in Europe to
assess how our own Nation might commemorate this historic and blighting event
in the passage of human life and through
human history.
We've now appointed the Holocaust
commission to establish a proper memorial in our country, and outgrowth directly of the 30th anniversary event on
the South Lawn of our White House.
I think it's obvious that when Prime
Minister Begin was elected Prime Minister, and obviously for the 25 or 30 years
prior to that, many people said it is impossible to bring peace to Israel, and
particularly between her and her most
powerful Arab neighbors. Prime Minister
Begin proved those people to be wrong.
It's been less than 2%2 years-its hard
to believe since the historic meeting between Prime Minister Begin and President Sadat in Jerusalem, an act that literally shook the world and inspired all
human beings to believe that peace was
indeed possible, even among the most historic and bitter of enemies.
It was less than a year following that
when Prime Minister Begin met with
President Sadat at Camp David and came
forward with an agreement, the Camp
David accords, that was announced here
in the White House one Sunday afternoon.
This agreement is now the basis for our
current search for a comprehensive peace
in the Middle East. It's founded on the
principles espoused in U.N. Resolution
242. It calls for an honoring of the sovereignty and the territorial integrity and
the political independence not only of
Israel but of all nations in the Middle
East. It's committed to the proposition
that each nation there, with a special emphasis on Israel, has a right to live in
peace behind recognized and secure
borders.
This accord or agreement, signed with
our word of honor and with our Nation's
honor, calls for the establishment of a
self-governing authority among the inhabitants of the West Bank and Gaza
area. It calls for Israel, after the establishment or inauguration of this selfgoverning authority, to withdraw their
military government, the civilian administration, and then calls for a withdrawal
of Israeli armed forces and a redeployment of them to specified security
locations.
It calls for a strong police force among
the people who live on the West Bank
and Gaza area, with proper liaison to be
established with the adjacent police forces
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Apr. 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
in Israel, Jordan, and Egypt. It calls for
a preeminent recognition of the need for
all of us to guarantee the security of
Israel and her neighbors. It calls for the
recognition of the legitimate rights of the
Palestinians. It calls for the Palestinians'
right to participate in the determination
of their own future. It calls for us to resolve the Palestinian question in all its
aspects. And it calls on us to resolve the
refugee problem.
This combination, which was carefully
hammered out between Prime Minister
Begin and President Sadat at Camp
David, is still the binding document under
which we are presently engaged in further
pursuit of peace. It's almost impossible,
again, to believe that 13 months ago
Israel and Egypt were in a state of war,
a state that had continued over a period
of 30 years. And last year, at this same
place, the White House of the United
States of America, that peace treaty was
signed. It has been observed meticulously.
And I might add my voice to President
Sadat's in saying that Israel has honored
the difficult terms of this treaty with
truthfulness and with honor and, I might
add, with generosity. Its terms were very
strict, but those terms have been met not
grudgingly at the last minute, but.ahead
of time, and with an extra expression of
a common commitment to peace.
Israel has already withdrawn from
more than two-thirds of the Sinai, and in
a time when oil is particularly precious,
has relinquished oil wells that were on
acknowledged Egyptian territory but were
developed by, discovered by Israel. We
have guaranteed Israel to meet their needs
for oil in the future if their supply should
be interrupted and, of course, our country
will carry out this commitment meticulously as well.
Now there's full diplomatic relations,
recognition of each other, an exchange of
ambassadors, open borders. Tourism is
building day by day betwen these two
ancient enemies who are now friends.
This is an exciting time, and we have
made a lot of progress. Now we are moving to the next step —how to carry out
those detailed, complicated, very carefully negotiated agreements at Camp
David; how to define the self-governing
authority; how to set up the procedure
for the elections. They are difficult issues;
we acknowledge them to be so.
Last week, President Sadat was here
with me. We discussed those difficult issues. Today, with Prime Minister Begin,
we've discussed them as well. As we
walked toward Prime Minister Begin's
car at noon today, we both acknowledged-I started to say admitted-we
both acknowledged that we've had even
more difficult times in the past. But when
he and I and President Sadat have set
our mind to overcoming an obstacle or
answering a difficult question, so far-and
I knock on wood-we have never failed.
It would be a tragedy, having come
this far, to fail. As I said earlier, Prime
Minister Begin represents those characteristics that can ensure success, and those
characteristics are shared by his heroic
partner in this effort, President Sadatcourage, sensitivity, tenacity. And I
think that this will bode well for the
world in the future.
I might say in closing that our Nation
also has a special relationship with Israel,
a relationship built on mutual respect and
admiration, a shared past and a shared
future, a realization that one of the most
vital aspects of the security of the United
States of America is a strong, free, independent, peaceful, and secure Israel. We
have made commitments in the past to
Israel that are vital to them. We have
committed ourselves never to negotiate
with nor recognize the PLO until after
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 15
the PLO has acknowledged U.N. Resolution 242 as a basis for peace and also recognized Israel's right to exist.
We have expressed ourselves strongly
and forcefully and consistently as being
opposed to the establishment of any independent Palestinian state in the West
Bank area, and we believe very stronglyand I'm sure Prime Minister Begin shares
this belief-that Jerusalem should be undivided and that all should have access to
the worship places there.
I might close by saying that we believe
that together we can continue to achieve
a just and a lasting peace for all in the
Middle East and, a little more than a
year ago, when we signed the historic
peace treaty between Israel and Egypt,
Prime Minister Begin said, and I'd like
to quote his words in closing: "Peace
unto you, shalom, salaam, forever."
I'd like to ask all of you to rise and
join me in a toast: To the brave and free
people of Israel in one of the world's
great nations, and to a courageous and enlightened, farsighted and successful leader
of those free people, Prime Minister
Begin, and his lovely wife.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President,
Mrs. Vance, your excellencies, ladies and
gentlemen:
The President just said that when we
agree, we both prosper. Therefore, I
would like to say immediately that I
agree with the President that Jerusalem
should remain undivided. [Laughter]
Ladies and gentlemen, this is a unique
week in our life. It started with Remembrance Day of the greatest tragedy that
ever took place in the annals of mankind
since God created man, and man let loose
the Devil. And it will end with the greatest
victory a persecuted, ancient people
achieved through the sacrifices of its best
men during the rule of our independence
in the land of our forefathers.
We use the word "Holocaust." What
does it mean? Nothing more than a word,
but the wound will not be healed for
generations, many generations to come.
We lost 1 million and half a million of our
children. We lost our sages, our professors,
our doctors, our rabbis, our brains, our
hearts, our beloved ones. Such is the
wound in our hearts, and there it will be
to the last day of our lives.
But there is the command to live, the
divine command to overcome, to continue, to struggle for a just cause until
it wins the day. And therefore, after the
tragedy we struggled, we gave sacrifices,
and with God's help, we won the day and
a country of our own and means to defend
our people.
During this memorable week, I look
around and see the world in turmoil and
liberty in danger. In Iran, the most reactionary revolution that ever happened
in the history of mankind took place. Customs and laws which were sacrosanct for
ages, not only in time of peace but even
during war, are being trampled underfoot with incomprehensible dark fanaticism and absolutely intolerable blind
hatred.
There are the hostages there, for the
last 5 months. Perhaps I can say that no
other nation in the world understands the
American people these days better than
our nation does. Nobody can understand
as we do what it means to see our sons and
citizens kept hostage, threatened with
their lives, getting ultimata which we
cannot fulfill, and look upon the families
who spend sleepless nights and restless
days thinking of their dear ones, longing
for them-loving wives and mothers. We
feel deeply for the President, who is so
preoccupied with this human and hu
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Apr. 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
manitarian question, and for all the
American people.
As I spent a certain period of my life
in Russia-not, as the previous Soviet
Ambassador in our country before they
severed diplomatic relations with us told
me, "not in too good conditions"[laughter] -some people ask me, "In
your opinion, you know the Russians,
what would they have done?" I gave an
unequivocal answer: The very same day,
they would have marched on Tehran, and
they wouldn't have given a damn for the
hostages. They would have conquered
Tehran. The Khomeini army is a mob.
It's no match for any army, not for the
Soviet army. But this is the difference:
The American people tries every avenue,
accepts patience and pain, just to make
sure that the hostages come back home
alive and well.
We have had such experiences-how
many, how many. Our children were
taken hostages, not only our men. And
just 10 days before I came to this great
country, five of our children were taken
hostage and threatened with death, and
one boy, 2 /2 years old-I saw the little
coffin that I will never forget-got killed.
Four other children-1 year, 2 years
old-babies-were saved by our soldiers.
In the spirit of self-sacrifice which our
army has got in itself, with their blood,
11 boys-1 1 soldiers-were wounded, several of them severely. One of them got
killed. Four children were saved, although
wounded. Wounded children, hostages.
This is the first reason why we are so
grateful to the President that he found
time to invite President Sadat and me
and my colleagues, and to deal with our
problems of the Middle East and the bilateral relations we have, although his
mind is with the hostages and their families, as the mind of all the American
people is. At such a juncture, to find time
for such talks is a measure of devotion and
of moral greatness.
The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan
in one of the most dangerous and serious
moves after the Second World War. Some
people compare it with the invasion into
Czechoslovakia in August 1968. It's not a
true comparison. It is a fact that Czechoslovakia went through a horrible tragedy.
The Czechs and the Slovaks started to
breathe some freedom under the man,
who is already forgotten, Dubcek, and
that beginning of liberty was crushed by
the tanks of the Warsaw Pact countries.
But still, Czechosolvakia was in the
Soviet orbit, and then the famous-or infamous Brezhnev doctrine was created,
which even Yugoslavia and Rumaniatwo Communist countries-did not recognize; no country in the world ever recognized. Afghanistan never was in the orbit.
It is a neighbor of the Soviet Union, of
the so-called socialist countries. It was invaded. It's an ancient people, a fighting
people. They do fight the huge Soviet
army of more than 100,000 soldiers; they
resist, as any proud people should, an
invader.
But to the world, there is a grave danger
every day. Through Baluchistan, the
Soviet army can reach the Indian Ocean
in no time, and there is no real force to
stop them there.
Iran may become a Communist country any time. We know the tactics. There
is the Tudeh party, the most servile to
Moscow except the French Communist
party well organized, the only really organized group in Tehran. And they, the
Communists, support Khomeini with his
fanaticism because, since the days of Lenin, the Communists developed a theory
which is called a revolutionary situation.
It means strikes, disorders, fights in the
street, demonstrations, and in this atmosphere-they used to say power lies on the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 15
street; bow and take it. Then they take
it. And with the long border between Iran
and the Soviet Union-1,500 miles-who
can stop it if such a thing happens? And
it may happen any time, any day.
Therefore, we live in a dangerous
period. But there is one solace: Free nations can, if they wish to, stand together.
Mr. President, the great people of the
United States have got many allies
throughout the world, but I would say,
looking out of experience into this world,
that there are two categories of American
allies: the first are allies, and the second
are reluctant allies. May I tell you that
Israel belongs to the first category.
Mr. President, we are a small nation,
but may I have the chutzpah to say[laughter]-a courageous nation. No, no,
no-not me, the nation is courageous. It
is conceived in courage and born in fight
and reborn in resistance to tyranny, to
oppression. And we are your ally. In good
and in bad days, we stand by you and
stand with you, and we shall always be
together and defend liberty so that tyranny never wins its night.
Under these circumstances, may I ask
the following question: Should Israel be
weakened or should it be strengthened?
I know your attitude towards the socalled Palestinian state ruled by the PLO.
That organization is bent on the destruction of Israel. They will not destroy
Israel. How can they? They never will.
But they are bent on it. They wrote about
this destruction brazenly. They never
changed it, not one word. But even a corridor leading to such a Palestinian state
would be a mortal danger to us. No peace.
Peace is lost and permanent bloodshed,
more even than in Lebanon, much more.
And therefore, we must be very careful,
very careful.
There are some who say, especially in
Europe, that now, after the Soviet in
vasion into Afghanistan-and as there is
oil in the Earth beneath the surface of
the sheikdoms, which only the free West
could have taken out because otherwise
it would still be beneath the surfacesome people say that now we must find
favor with the Islamic world, with the
Arab world, even at the expense of Israel.
They say so, cynically. This is called expediency.
And with our experience of our generation in the thirties in Europe, we
do know now that expediency is not a
realistic policy; to the contrary, it takes
revenge on those who sacrifice ideals for
the sake of expediency. At Israel's expense, at the expense of our security, of
the lives of our children-I believe that
the United States will never, under no
circumstances, adopt such a policy. And
as we are your ally, the United States is
our ally, and we will always stand
together.
Israel shouldn't be weakened. Israel
fulfilled a very serious role, I say so without boasting, with every government it
had, under all governments in the Middle
East, to stop Soviet expansionism indirectly and directly. I remember when
there was a threat of Syrian invasion into
Jordan with Soviet help. We were askedit is now disclosed in two books written
by two Americans-to bring about the
putting to an end of that danger, and we
put it to an end. And there is another example, which I prefer not to mention
tonight.
We really fulfilled the role, and we can
do so in the future. May I also say with
humble pride, the army of Israel is not
the worst in the world. So, Israel should
be strengthened, for Israel's sake-it
deserves, we suffered so much, we lost so
many-but also for the sake of the free
world-should be strengthened, mustn't
be weakened under any circumstances.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
This is the reason why we did so much for
peace.
Yes, last year and a month ago we
signed the peace treaty. Now I think I
will ask a rhetorical question. Nobody is
going to answer it, but I will put it, and
I, myself, will reply to it. Who is the
architect of the peace treaty between
Egypt and Israel? And the answer is, the
President of the United States, Mr. Jimmy
Carter.
It was the turning point in the annals
of the Middle East. Let us imagine a
state of war for 31 years-five wars, five
meetings on the battlefield. The Secretary
of State, who is here, will remember how
moving was that human scene which we
shall never forget, when wounded soldiers of Egypt and Israel met at El-Arish,
together with the President of Egypt and
me and the Secretary. And the invalids
who bodily suffered in the wars embraced
each other, shook hands, and said to each
other, as the President of Egypt and I
said to each other, "No more war. We
shall never again raise arms against each
other." Could there be more beautiful
words than those simple words? "No more
war. We shall not raise arms against each
other."
We also gave proof to the oldest of
philosophical teasers: that every war is
avoidable. What is absolutely inevitable
is peace. Peace must come. We gave sacrifice for it.
The President already mentioned it,
therefore, I will not repeat-that oil well,
that our oil fields, with the help of an
American company, but with the toil of
our men-how much toil did we invest
in it? Now we get the oil, that quantity,
but how much do we have to pay for it?
You better don't ask. [Laughter] And
every month, the prices go up. But you
should also remember this: Out of that
money we all pay-and every several
months, more and more-there goes a
million dollars per day for a terrorist
organization with a Nazi philosophy,
called PLO. And all of us share in that
million unwillingly, but in fact.
And for 9 months, the whole burden of
fulfillment of the peace treaty commitments was on our shoulders. We did it.
We fulfilled it. To the date, to the day, to
the dot. Now there is a mutual commitment of normalization of relations. Again,
both sides do it honorably.
Now, there is the question. May I, Mr.
President, quote you and, through this
quotation, requote myself. There is the
question of the full autonomy for the inhabitants of Judea-Samaria, in my language, the proper language-[laughter]and the Gaza District. And we want to
keep what we promised-what we wrote
and what we signed-full autonomy for
our neighbors. We'll deliver them in peace
and in human dignity and in justice and
in liberty. We don't want to oppress them.
We don't want to oppress anybody.
You should know that in the Bible,
scores of times it is written, love a
stranger, don't do any wrong to a stranger,
because you were strangers in Egyptnot in Egypt of President Sadat, another
Egypt-much older one. But this is written in the Bible. We don't want to do any
wrong to anybody. We never want to do
any wrong. We just came to the land of
our forefathers. And therefore, we want to
grant, to give them, to ensure them this
full autonomy. And we shall do so.
There are difficulties conducting negotiations. My dear friend, Dr. Burg, the
Minister of Interior, who is here, is the
head of the negotiating team-all of you
know him now; he's a wonderful man,
mighty sense of humor, which we need
very badly sometimes, a sage-and they
achieve much, not enough yet.
We now face difficult issues. But we
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 15
shall solve them. We want to have it
solved by the 26th of May, as we promised
each other as a goal, not as a deadline.
We believe in lifelines, not in deadlines.
So, we shall do our best.
Before I came here, there were rumors
in the American press and also in the
Israeli press, Mr. President, that pressure
is going to be exerted on me and my colleagues. And God knows what is going to
happen in the Cabinet Room when we
meet. As we already met, and we talked
for hours on end, I can attest that nothing
happened in the Cabinet Room, and no
pressure was exerted and no confrontation took place. And the Cabinet Room,
as it became a familiar place to me[laughter]-was the same Cabinet Room
in which all of us felt friendship for each
other, understanding for each other. And
together we looked for solutions and for
formulations, and all the brains worked.
And on both sides sat some brainy people
who did their best and who will do so in
the future.
So, there is hope that we may meet the
date. If we don't, the sky is not on our
heads; we shall continue negotiating until
we reach the agreement which is necessary. We want it with all our heart, and
we shall honor it as we do honor the
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and all its
commitments.
The people of Israel will next week
celebrate, as the President said, the day of
independence, when glory came back to
our ancient people, when we got our parliament, our government, our army-all
the attributes of sovereignty in the land of
our forefathers.
From generation to generation, this day
will be always a great holiday in our
hearts, amongst our people. But during
the holiday, we shall also always remember our friends-remember you, Mr.
President, and all of you dear friends,
leaders and representatives of the great
American people. We shall stand together,
and together we shall labor for liberty, so
that it will win the day and triumph in
the world.
I raise my glass to the great American
people, which is the guarantee to the success of liberty throughout the world; to
the President of the United States, my
dear friend, who contributed so much to
peace in the Middle East between Egypt
and Israel and, in the future, between
other neighbors and Israel. I say to all of
you, as it is our tradition, Lechayim.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:12 p.m. in
the State Dining Room at the White House.
Trucking Industry Deregulation
Legislation
Statement on Senate Approval of the
Legislation. April 15, 1980
The Senate has passed a landmark
trucking regulatory reform bill. For 40
years, complex, detailed Federal regulations have tied up the trucking industry,
stifling competition and raising prices.
This bill will cut away most of those
rules. It will increase competition, conserve energy, improve service to small
communities, and eliminate arbitrary and
inefficient restrictions on the routes
truckers can drive and the goods they can
carry. By voting to retain the provision
fully deregulating processed food, the
Senate took an immediate step to hold
down food prices.
The Congress has already passed farreaching deregulation laws covering
airlines and banking. Reform legislation
covering railroads, communications, paperwork reduction, and the regulatory
process is moving forward. This is the
693
Apr. 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980
broadest regulatory reform program in
history, and the trucking bill is a vital
element.
The Congressional Budget Office recently estimated that this bill will save
$5 billion to $8 billion per year-an average of $70 to $100 for every household in
America. It will cut almost one-half a
point off the Consumer Price Index by
1985. We need those savings, and I urge
the House to act promptly on this legislation.
I congratulate Senators Cannon and
Packwood and their colleagues on this
achievement.
Visit of Prime Minister Begin
of Israel
Remarks to Reporters Following
a Meeting. A pril 16, 1980
ITHE PRESIDENT. Good morning, everybody. First of all, I would like to say that
it's been a delight to have Prime Minister
Begin and his team from Israel here to
discuss matters of common interest between our two countries, and particularly
to emphasize the issues that are being resolved to carry out all the terms of the
Camp David accords. Following my meeting last week with President Sadat, those
issues were identified, and the possible differences were also delineated.
I can say that this has been a very constructive and a very productive talk between myself and Prime Minister Begin.
We believe that we will now have a
concerted effort during this next 40 days
to conclude the agreement between
Israel and Egypt, with our full participation,5 by May the 26th. That is our goal.
And the meetings will be held, at Prime
Minister Begin's suggestion and with the
approval of President Sadat, in Egypt and
in Israel with, as I say, full participation
by the United States.
So, we are delighted at the progress
that has been made. We have a long way
to go before final agreement. Our goal
is to conclude it by May the 26th, and I
think we have made good progress toward
that goal.
I'd like to introduce now my good
friend and a distinguished visitor, one
that we honor in every way, Prime Minister Begin, representing the great nation
of Israel.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you, Mr.
President. I wish to express my thanks to
the President for his invitation and for the
time we spent together, either privately or
with our colleagues and advisers in the
Cabinet Room and held very serious talks.
Usually in our time, when you say that the
talks were conducted in friendship and
frankness, people immediately say, "Oh,
that proves that there were great differences of opinion between them." Therefore, I will not say those words. I will state
very simply-and it is absolutely truthful we had very good talks, thanks to the
atmosphere created by the President, in
the Cabinet Room,. and we also held private talks, the President and myself.
I think we made real progress. And all
of us concerned will do their utmost to
bring about an agreement which will
make possible to install the full autonomy
for the Palestinian Arabs, inhabitants of
Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza District,
and assure Israel's security, as all of us
are interested in. And therefore, we'll
make a special effort in Egypt and in
Israel, dividing the 40 days left until that
date into two. And we shall negotiate
not only intensively but daily, almost
every hour, with very short intervals, and
so there is a hope, indeed, that we may
reach that goal. Of course, we are all
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 16
human and, perhaps, if there is a necessity to continue for a while, we of course
will do so gladly.
And therefore, I leave now Washington, again in a spirit of faith, and I want
to again reiterate our deep friendship for
the American people, the United States,
for the role they play in the world. I want
to express my wish that very soon the
hostages come back home from Iran and
rejoin their families, and that all of us
men who believe in liberty stand by it
and defend it successfully.
The relations between the United
States and Israel are important from this
point of view, and therefore we not only
cherish them, we are going to develop
them in the future as well.
Mr. President, my colleagues and I are
very grateful to you and to your colleagues for the wonderful hospitality
you extended to us during the 2 days in
Washington. Thank you very much.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mr.
Prime Minister. Good luck to you. Thank
you so much.
There will be a joint communique
issued.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12:05 p.m. on
the South Grounds of the White House.
Budget Rescissions and Deferrals
Message to the Congress. April 16, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report
53 proposals to rescind a total of $1,472.7
million in budget authority previously
provided by the Congress. In addition, I
am reporting 21 new deferrals totalling
$6,916.4 million.
These rescission proposals and deferrals
are an integral part of my recently an
nounced anti-inflation program, and will
help achieve a balanced Federal budget in
1981.
The details of each rescission proposal
and deferral are contained in the attached
reports.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 16, 1980.
NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescissions and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of April 16, 1980.
National Volunteer Week
Memorandum From the President.
April 16, 1980
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive
Departments and Agencies
Subject: National Volunteer Week
Because of the deep commitment to
voluntary action that Mrs. Carter and I
share, I am pleased to join in the observance of National Volunteer Week, April
20-26, 1980.
In order to meet the serious economic
and social challenges that our country
faces today, citizens and communities
must take more responsibility for themselves and for each other. This effort requires the help of the millions of volunteers and volunteer organizations across
this nation.
Voluntary citizen action is one of the
cornerstones of our democracy. Americans
have always been willing to lend their
talents and energies to assist their communities, their nation, and the world.
They have volunteered as individuals,
they have volunteered through religious
and community organizations, and they
have volunteered by the tens of thousands
through the government programs ad
695
Apr. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ministered by ACTION. There is no area
of American life-health care, education,
the law, housing, religion, the arts, civil
and human rights-that has not been
strengthened by citizens willing to donate
their time and energy to the benefit of
others.
I urge every Federal agency to participate in National Volunteer Week with
activities that salute and promote volunteerism and self-help. I know that many
Federal employees already do volunteer
work in their communities. I encourage
you to highlight their achievements with
appropriate recognition, and to encourage
others to follow their example.
Participation in National Volunteer
Week will once again affirm our belief
that citizen involvement in all aspects of
our national life is essential to the health
and well-being of the democracy we live
in.
JIMMY CARTER
Decontrol of Marginal
Oil Wells
Executive Order 12209. April 16, 1980
BASE PRODUCTION CONTROL LEVEL FOR
MARGINAL PROPERTIES
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States of America, including
the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
of 1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et
seq.), and notwithstanding the delegations to the Secretary of Energy in Executive Order No. 11790, as amended by Executive Order No. 12038, and in order to
permit the conversion to new oil status of
all old oil production from marginal oil
wells effective April 1, 1980, it is hereby
ordered that Executive Order No. 12187
of December 29, 1979, is amended to read
as follows:
"1-101. For purposes of the pricing
regulations adopted pursuant to the
Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of
1973, with respect to the months of January, February and March 1980, the base
production control level for marginal
properties shall equal 20 percent of the
total number of barrels of old crude oil
produced and sold from the property concerned during calendar year 1978, divided
by 365, multiplied by the number of days
during the month in 1978 which corresponds to the month concerned."
"1-102. For purposes of this Order, the
term "marginal properties" has the same
meaning as that term under the crude oil
pricing regulations adopted pursuant to
the Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act
of 1973, as amended."
"1-103. The Secretary of Energy may,
pursuant to Executive Order No. 11790,
as amended by Executive Order No.
12038, adopt such regulations as he deems
necessary or appropriate to conform the
crude oil pricing regulations to this
Order.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 16, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:36 a.m., April 17, 1980]
Administration of Arms
Export Controls
Executive Order 12210. April 16, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
the Arms Export Control Act, as amended
696
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 16
(22 U.S.C. 2751, et seq.), and Section 301
of Title 3 of the United States Code, it
is hereby ordered that Executive Order
No. 11958, as amended, is further
amended, in order to make additional
delegations of authority, as follows:
1-101. Section 1 (c) is amended to read
as follows:
"(c) Those under Section 21 of the
Act, with the exception of the last sentence of subsection (d) and all of subsection (i), to the Secretary of Defense.".
1-102. Section 1 (f) is amended to read
as follows:
"(f) Those under Sections 24, 27 and
28 of the Act to the Secretary of Defense.
The Secretary of Defense, in implementing the functions delegated to him under
Section 27, shall consult with the Secretary of State.".
1-103. Section 1 is amended by adding
the following new subsection:
"(o) Those under Section 43 (c) of the
Act to the Secretary of Defense.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 16, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:37 a.m., April 17, 1980]
United States Sinai
Support Mission
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. April 16, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am pleased to transmit herewith the
Ninth Report of the United States Sinai
Support Mission. It covers the Mission's
activities during the six-month period
ending April 1, 1980. This Report is provided to the Congress in conformity with
Section 4 of Public Law 94-110 of October 13, 1975.
The Peace Treaty that Egypt and
Israel signed in Washington on March 26,
1979, called for the United States to continue its monitoring responsibilities in
the Sinai until January 25, 1980, when
Israeli armed forces withdrew from areas
east of the Giddi and Mitla Passes. This
mission was completed on schedule and
to the satisfaction of all parties.
Trilateral talks in Washington in the
fall of 1979 resulted in an ad referendum
agreement that the United States, using
the Sinai Field Mission, would verify
certain military constraints-specified in
Annex I of the Treaty-in the area of
the Sinai west of the interim Buffer Zone.
Subsequent negotiations among the three
parties will, when completed, specify the
details of this agreement. Administration
officials have been in touch with appropriate Congressional committees on various aspects of this United States undertaking and will provide Congress with all
agreements and understandings to which
the United States is a party, as soon as
they become available.
This year's funding of the Sinai Support
Mission is authorized under Chapter 6,
Part II of the Foreign Assistance Act,
"Peacekeeping Operations." At my request, the Congress restored $6 million of
the Sinai Support Mission funds for FY1980, to cover anticipated outlays associated with the new United States task in
the Sinai. In addition, I approved a request for an additional $3.9 million to provide the Sinai Field Mission with the use
of aircraft to carry out its verification assignment. Appropriate notices have been
submitted to Congress regarding the proposed transfer of funds.
The American peacekeeping initiative
in the Sinai has been a highly successful
697
Apr. 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
one to date. I urge the Congress to continue its support for this Mission as part
of the larger United States effort to promote a permanent peace in the Middle
East.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 16, 1980.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Report to the
Congress-SSM: United States Sinai Support
Mission" (23 pages plus appendices).
General Revenue Sharing
Program
Message to the Congress Transmitting
Legislation. April 16, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am transmitting to Congress today
legislation titled the "Local Government
Fiscal Assistance Amendments of 1980."
This legislation authorizes a five-year extension of the general revenue sharing
program for local governments. It amends
and extends the current authorization for
the general revenue sharing program,
which expires on September 30, 1980.
In my January budget, I indicated that
I would support a $6.9 billion extension of
the General Revenue Sharing program,
with full participation by the States. Since
that time, inflation has accelerated considerably and it has become imperative
that we restrain Federal spending and
balance the Federal budget. I therefore
am proposing today that the revenue sharing program be extended only for local
governments. I also am recommending
that funding for the program be reduced
to the transitional level of $5.1 billion in
the next two fiscal years and $4.6 billion
in fiscal years 1983 through 1985.
When the general revenue sharing pro
gram was first enacted in 1972, State and
local governments confronted significant
fiscal needs. Many States and localities
faced growing demands for services,
which they were unable to finance with
their own tax resources. At the same time.
Federal revenues were expected to grow
rapidly, providing the resources for additional aid to States, counties and cities.
Today the economic situation is quite
different. Most State governments are
stronger fiscally than they were just a decade ago. They have broader and more
responsive tax systems, which have produced rapid growth in revenues. In the
last decade alone, State government revenues have grown sixty percent faster than
the Gross National Product. Some States,
as a result, have accumulated substantial
budget surpluses.
While the fiscal condition of the States
has improved substantially, many local
governments continue to have difficulty
financing essential services with their own
tax resources. These cities, counties and
towns are squeezed between growing demands for services and shrinking tax
bases. This fiscal squeeze is particularly
severe for the cities and counties with
large numbers of poor or disadvantaged
citizens.
Finally, the high rate of inflation has
made it necessary to restrain Federal
spending and balance the Federal budget.
As a result, the Federal government does
not have sufficient resources to meet all of
the demands on its budget.
These changes in the economy make it
essential that Federal policies and programs be adapted to current requirements. We need to achieve a balanced
budget and disciplined restraint in Federal spending. We need to recognize the
fiscal resurgence of the States and ask
them to join us as full partners in solving
our domestic problems, including the fight
698
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 17
against inflation. And we must face the
fact that many local governments confront responsibilities beyond their capacities, and that Federal assistance must go
to those with the greatest needs.
This legislation embodies my commitment to a strong and vital Federal system
and responds to the need for greater fiscal
responsibility at all levels of government.
The legislation retains the most important
features of the current revenue sharing
program.
-I am proposing that the program be
funded for a full five years and that entitlements to local governments are continued on the same basis as the current
law. This long-term extension will allow
cities, counties, and towns to plan their
budgets for several years and to use Federal funds efficiently.
-I am proposing that the flexibility
provided to local governments in the current revenue sharing program be retained.
This will ensure that revenue sharing
funds are distributed with minimal administrative cost and little red tape. It will
also allow local governments to be responsive to local needs, rather than to priorities set in Washington.
-Finally, I am proposing that the citizen participation and anti-discrimination
provisions of the current program be reauthorized in their entirety. This will ensure continued progress in making local
government more accessible and responsive to all citizens.
The legislation I am transmitting also
includes important changes in the current
program. These changes will make the
revenue sharing program more responsive
to the needs of local government and
more consistent with the current economic
situation.
First, I am proposing that the States no
longer receive general revenue sharing
assistance. While I recognize that this rec
ommendation will cause difficult adjustments in a few States, it reflects the improved fiscal health of the States and the
need for greater fiscal responsibility and
a balanced Federal budget.
Second, I am proposing that $500 million be added to the local share of general
revenue sharing in each of the next two
years. This $500 million of transitional assistance is intended to help local governments adjust to reductions in State aid
resulting from the discontinuation of revenue sharing for the States. The $500 million will be concentrated in the States that
provide the greatest amount of aid to their
local governments. Without these funds,
many cities and counties will be forced to
lay off essential workers or to raise already
high property tax rates.
Third, I am proposing modest changes
in the intrastate formula for allocating
general revenue sharing funds. These
changes will provide increases in aid to
local governments with large numbers of
poor and disadvantaged citizens and with
very high tax burdens. They will help
reduce the large disparities that exist between wealthy and poor communities in
many States.
Finally, I am proposing that local governments that receive revenue sharing aid
be audited every two years. This provision
will facilitate continued improvement in
local government financial management
practices.
During my Administration, we have
built a new partnership between the Federal government and State and local governments. This partnership has brought
new vitality to our Nation's States, counties and cities. It has provided consistent
and stable funding for critical State and
local needs. And it has given State and
local officials an opportunity to help shape
the legislation that affects them.
699
Apr. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
My proposals for renewing general revenue sharing strengthen the partnership
that we have forged in the last three
years. I hope Congress will join me in this
effort.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 16, 1980.
NOTE: The text of the message was released
on April 17.
Visit of Prime Minister
Begin of Israel
White House Statement. April 17, 1980
Prime Minister Begin and President
Carter have completed 2 days of extensive talks, following the talks with President Sadat last week, on the remaining
issues in the autonomy negotiations and
on global security and the situation in the
Middle East. These talks were held in the
traditional spirit of friendship and close
cooperation which characterizes relations
between the United States and Israel.
President Carter reaffirmed the longstanding American commitment to the
security and well-being of Israel and to
the achievement of a just and lasting
peace between Israel and its neighbors.
Prime Minister Begin reiterated Israel's
warm friendship for the United States and
its strong support for the firm role of the
United States in helping to preserve the
security and independence of the states of
the Middle East.
The President and Prime Minister consider that these talks have been helpful
in advancing the autonomy negotiations.
They reaffirm their dedication to the
Camp David agreement of September 17,
1978, their satisfaction over the smooth
implementation of the treaty of peace be.
tween Israel and Egypt of March 26, 1979,
and their determination to pursue to successful conclusion, within the Camp David
'framework, the current autonomy negotiations as another step toward a comprehensive settlement in the Middle East.
They reiterate their view that lasting
peace can be achieved in the Middle East
only through a comprehensive settlement.
Prime Minister Begin reaffirmed the
objective set out in his and President
Sadat's letter to President Carter of
March 26, 1979, to do everything possible
to reach agreement by May 26, 1980, the
1-year goal they set for themselves in that
letter. President Carter reaffirmed the determination of the United States to do
everything it appropriately can to assist
Israel and Egypt to achieve that goal. To
this end, it has been agreed, following
consultations with the Government of
Egypt, that the negotiating delegations of
Egypt, Israel, and the United States will
meet for accelerated negotiations in both
Israel and Egypt, beginning before the
end of April in Herzliya.
Prime Minister Begin and President
Carter affirmed the determination of their
two countries to continue to work closely
together in every sphere and, in particular, in the joint effort they have undertaken together with President Sadat to
bring a just, lasting, and comprehensive
peace to the Middle East.
The Prime Minister and the President
were joined for their discussions on the
Israeli side by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Yitzhak Shamir; the Minister of
Interior, Yosef Burg; the Ambassador of
Israel to the United States, Ephraim
Evron; and their advisers. On the American side the President was joined by the
Vice President, Walter Mondale; the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance; the Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs, Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski; the Per
700
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 17
sonal Representative of the President for
the Middle East negotiations, Sol Linowitz; the Ambassador of the United
States to Israel, Samuel Lewis; and their
advisers.
National 4-H Club
Remarks to Delegates Attending the Club's
50th Anniversary Conference. April 17, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Hi, everybody. How
many of you know how long the 4-H has
been in existence?
DELEGATE. Since 1902.
THE PRESIDENT. 1902.
I'm very grateful to be with you today,
here in truly an historic place. As you
know, all the Presidents who've served
this country have lived in this house behind me except George Washington, and
the White House was finished when the
second President was serving his term.
I'm delighted to have the representatives
here of the 4-H, who represent 5'/2 million young people and more than a million others who work closely with the 4-H
members themselves.
As I began to think about what to talk
about, coming out here to meet with you
young people, who represent such a fine
character of American life, I thought
about the long time-this is your 50th anniversary-I thought about the long time
that you've represented unchanging
American values in a changing worldvalues like learning from doing, values
like cherishing a family, values like caring
for a community, values like leadership,
regardless of age, and values like honesty
and decency and integrity and compassion
and concern.
Those things don't change. And they're
particularly kept alive, in my judgment,
by young people who are bright and
fresh, not burdened down with doubt and
concern, but have a fresh hope for the
future. And those who are burdened down
with concern and who are discouraged are
wrong. Those who have a bright hope for
the future, particularly in our county, are
right. I know that about a fourth of the
members who are represented at the conference are from urban areas, but those
same values are extended in those environments, just as they are on the farm.
As a farmer myself who now lives in an
urban area-[laughter]-I would like to
point out that of all the success stories I
know in our country in economic terms,
the number one success story is in agriculture. God has blessed us, as you know,
with unbelievably fertile land and with
natural resources far beyond the dreams
of any other people on Earth, and we've
taken good care of that land over which
we have stewardship. We have the best
diet, the most plentiful supplies of food.
We also serve as a benevolent distributor
of food and feed products, of fibers, wood
products, to other people throughout the
world.
I've seen good progress made in recent
years. In the last 3 years, since I've been
here, farm income has gone up tremendously. We have set world records for export of American agricultural products to
foreign countries every year since I've
been in office. We've taken the Federal
Government's nose out of the affairs of
farm families in an unprecedented way.
And we've had an opportunity also to let
farmers control their own business, to store
their own products on their farm, in an
unprecedented fashion, and then to market their products when it is most advantageous to them, rather than being at the
mercy of the middlemen, who sometimes
701
Apr. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
take advantage of changes in the market,
when the farmer has, in the past, had to
sell their crops just during the harvest
time.
I don't want to mislead you. As you
well know, we've got problems in our
country, serious problems for agriculture.
Farmers are faced with very high inflation rates, like all of us are, and they're
especially burdened with extremely high
interest rates. We're doing all we can
about it.
The Federal Reserve Board, for instance, today acted to make sure that
they're extending seasonal credit to farmers on an extended basis in banks of all
sizes. And this will help farmers to get
credit, as it goes up and down with the
seasons, in a much more effective fashion
than we had anticipated. We've approved
lately $2 billion in emergency loans, which
is being administered now in a very fast
fashion. And we're taking other action to
make sure that the farm families are protected as much as possible from this blight
of inflation and high interest rates that
really permeates almost the entire world.
I would like to point out to you that a
President and every member of 4-H and
your families and counselors and those
around you have to make difficult decisions in times which try our patience and
times which try our courage and times
which test American unity.
I spend a lot of time, day and night,
worrying about the 53 Americans who are
held in Iran and trying to deal with the
changing circumstances there to ensure
that we protect our national honor and
the principles of our Nation and also protect the lives of those hostages and work
toward a thing that we value very highly,
and that's freedom.
We're also concerned recently, from
Christmas Day, with the unwarranted invasion by the Soviet Union of the small,
relatively defenseless, freedom-loving,
deeply religious country of Afghanistan.
We've tried to marshal support for political and economic action, not only in our
own country but also from around the
world, to prove to the Soviet Union that
they cannot invade a country like this
without suffering very serious adverse consequences. We've taken some powerful
action, along with other nations, but
we've done it in a peaceful fashion.
We've not only kept peace for ourselves,
but we've tried in the Mideast, for instance, to bring two people formerly filled
with hatred-Egyptians and Israelis-to
a spirit of friendship and cooperation and
a mutual search for accommodation, with
open borders and trade and tourism and
exchange of their leaders. Week before
last-last week, as a matter of fact-President Sadat was here meeting with me,
as you know, and this week Prime Minister
Begin was here meeting with me. And it
is in our interest to have peace in the Middle East.
But the point is, we can use the power
and the prestige and the strength of our
Nation as a superpower to feed other people, to keep our own people strong, to
keep peace on Earth, to protect principles
that are dear to all human beings, and to
bring peace to others.
I know you face the next few years with
a concern about the problems, but this is
not anything new. Those, when I was
a child, who faced the 1930's saw coming
the worst depression this Nation has ever
suffered. Those who were your age in
1940 were faced with the Second World
War, when literally millions of people
were killed in a brutal battle that lasted
4 years.
The 1950's-we were faced then with
a war in Korea and with the times that
tried us. In 1960 racial disturbances tore
our cities apart and separated the North
702
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 17
from the South and blacks from whites,
and we had extreme violence; 1970 -the highly divisive Vietnam war that separated not only people in Vietnam but
separated one American from another, as
we searched for a way to keep the peace
and to repair the damage that had been
done by that war, and then Watergate
later on.
These kinds of things have tested every
generation of young people, and the present problems are not as bad as any of
those that I've outlined to you as we enter
the year 1980, not as bad as '70, '60, '50
'40, '30.
And I would like to point out one last
thing. When our Nation has been under
the most difficult circumstances, that's
when our strength has been most apparent. When the American people are
united and can see a challenge clearly,
we have never failed to answer a difficult
question, to solve a difficult problem, or to
overcome an apparently insurmountable
obstacle. Our country is so strong and so
blessed that we ought to be on our knees
thanking God for what we have in this
country.
And there's one final blessing that I
haven't mentioned strongly enough. Some
of you've seen actually or seen the pictures
of the wall that separates East Berlin from
West Berlin. You've seen boatloads of
people leaving Vietnam and other parts
in Indochina; you've seen people
crammed, 10,000 in the Peruvian Embassy in recent days in Cuba-all trying
to find one thing. Does anybody know
what it is?
DELEGATES. Freedom.
THE PRESIDENT. Freedom, trying to
find freedom. And the thing that makes
our Nation strong is that we have that
freedom. It's the freedom to differ; it's
the freedom that comes with the emphasis
placed on individuality; it's the right for
us to use whatever talent we have as we
see fit. It lets us accommodate change
rapidly; it lets us roll with the punches
and come up again to fight for an even
greater future for our country.
I'm grateful to you for coming here.
I'm also grateful to you for the outcome
of the public opinion poll that I read
about Monday. [Laughter] Ten to one,
you know, is pretty good. [Laughter] And
I'm also grateful for the fact that I share
a lot with you in my own past, when I was
young, and I'm also grateful that as President I share a future to make the greatest
nation on Earth even greater in the years
ahead.
Thank you very much. God bless all
of you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 12:24 p.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House.
Following the President's remarks, Deputy
Secretary of Agriculture Jim Williams spoke to
the group. Delegates Kenneth Guin of Alabama, Carol Noble of Nebraska, and Robert
Sherrad, Jr., of North Carolina presented the
President with a report prepared by 4-H members, a commemorative plate, and a T-shirt for
Amy Carter. Their remarks are included in the
transcript.
Generalized System of
Preferences
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. April 17, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Herewith is my report to Congress on
the first five years' operation of the U.S.
Generalized System of Preferences
(GSP). This report is required by Section
505 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.
2465).
The report reviews the major provisions and regulations which govern the
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administration of the U.S. GSP. An analysis of the impact of the U.S. program on
the economies of developing countries and
on the U.S. economy is included in the
report, along with a comparison of the
U.S. program with those of the other major developed countries. The report also
reviews the operation of the GSP competitive need limits and the distribution
of benefits among developing countries.
Finally, the report outlines certain modifications designed to improve the overall
operation of the program. These will be
introduced this year.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 17, 1980.
NOTE: The 187-page report is entitled "Report
of the President on the U.S. Generalized System of Preferences."
THE PRESIDENT'S
NEWS CONFERENCE OF
APRIL 17, 1980
SITUATION IN IRAN
THE PRESIDENT. Since last November, 53
Americans have been held captive in Tehran, contrary to every principle of international law and human decency. The
United States began to implement a series of nonviolent but punitive steps, designed to bring about the release of our
hostages.
In January, we received information
and signals from the Iranian authorities
that they were prepared to enter into
serious discussions to bring about the release of the hostages. At that time the
United States decided to defer additional
sanctions, and then these discussions resulted in commitments from the top authorities in Iran, including a transfer of
the hostages to Government control, to
be followed by their release.
These commitments were not fulfilled.
Earlier this month, April the. 7th, I announced a series of economic and political actions designed to impose additional
burdens on Iran because their Government was now directly involved in continuing this act of international terrorism.
This process is moving forward. We've
imposed economic sanctions, and we have
broken diplomatic relations with Iran.
Recently a number of other nations have
recalled their ambassadors, and these
countries are now considering sanctions
they may be prepared to invoke in the
near future.
Even while these deliberations continue,
officials in Iran talk about not resolving
the hostage issue until July or even later.
We are beyond the time for gestures. We
want our people to be set free. Accordingly, I am today ordering an additional
set of actions.
First, I am prohibiting all financial
transfers by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to any person or entity in Iran, except those directly
related to the gathering of news and
family remittances to the hostages.* As
of today, any such transaction will become a criminal act.
Second, all imports from Iran to the
United States will be barred.
Third, I intend to exercise my statutory
authority to protect American citizens
abroad by prohibiting travel to Iran, and
by prohibiting any transactions between
Americans and foreign persons relating
to such travel or the presence of Americans in Iran. Again, this authority will not
now be used to interfere with the right of
the press to gather news. However, it is my
*The sentence should end with the word
"remittances." [White House correction.]
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Apr. 17
responsibility and my obligation, given the
situation in Iran, to call on American
journalists and news-gathering organizations to minimize, as severely as possible,
their presence and their activities in Iran.
Fourth, I am ordering that all military
equipment previously purchased by the
Government of Iran, which I had previously impounded, be made available for
use by the United States military forces
or for sale to other countries.
And finally, I will ask Congress for discretionary authority to pay reparations to
the hostages and to their families out of
the more than $8 billion in frozen Iranian assets in the United States. These assets will be available to satisfy contract
and other commercial claims of American
firms against Iranian Government entities
and to reimburse claims of the United
States for the heavy military and other
costs we have incurred because of Iran's
illegal actions.
If a constructive Iranian response is not
forthcoming soon, the United States
should and will proceed with other measures. We will legally forbid shipments of
food and medicine, and the United Nations Charter, as you know, stipulates interruption of communications as a legitimate sanction. Accordingly, I am prepared to initiate consultations with the
member nations of Intelsat [International
Telecommunications Satellite Consortium] to bar Iran's use of international
communications facilities.
The measures which I am announcing
today are still nonbelligerent in nature.
They are a continuation of our efforts to
resolve this crisis by peaceful means. The
authorities in Iran should realize, however, that the availability of peaceful
measures, like the patience of the American people, is running out. I am compelled to repeat what I have said on previous occasions: Other actions are avail
able to the United States and may become
necessary if the Government of Iran refuses to fulfill its solemn international responsibility. The American hostages must
be freed.
Let me say just a few words about our
economy before I answer questions.
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
We have been going through difficult
times with high inflation and with extremely high interest rates. We are taking
steps to bring these under control, and we
are beginning, after only a month of the
anti-inflation programs being announced,
to make some progress.
However, we are now entering a very
difficult transition period when recent economic statistics suggest that our economy
has slowed down and has probably entered a period of recession. I believe that
any recession will be mild and short, but
I'm deeply concerned about how it affects
the people of our country.
When I see automobile plant closings
or a sharp drop in housing construction
or very high interest rates for farmers during the planting season, I know the pain
and I know the disruption and the heartache that lie below the cold statistics. But
I also know that we cannot substantially
reduce interest rates and we cannot make
jobs secure until we get the inflation rate
down.
A month ago, I set a series of tough
anti-inflation measures. The Congress has
been doing an excellent job in carrying
out its part by cutting down the prospects
for Federal spending, leading toward a
balanced budget for next year. If we
maintain self-discipline, all of us, this program will work to cut inflation, to reduce
interest rates, and to restore the conditions for healthy growth, both in jobs and
in economic output.
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Certain sectors of our economy, of the
American people, are particularly hard
hit, and within our budget constraints, we
are taking steps available to meet those
hard times for them.
For farmers-a new emergency credit
bill, higher target prices for wheat and
corn, and opening up of farm reserves to
those previously unable to participate in
the storage of grain. This will provide
some relief for them.
For housing, I will support an effort to
expand the section 235 program, which
will build an additional 100,000 units,
again within our budget spending limits.
To sustain employment for autoworkers, we are working to encourage more
overseas automakers to invest here in the
United States. Honda has already announced a large plant. Just today, the
makers of Datsun announced their plans
to construct a very large plant in the
United States. And I hope to sign a bill
soon that will enable Volkswagen to open
a plant in Michigan. Between this fiscal
year and next, we are budgeting over a
billion dollars extra to provide trade adjustment assistance to tide the autoworkers over until new jobs can be provided
for them, as American automobile manufacturers produce more of the energyefficient automobiles which are now in
such great demand by the American consumer.
We've been working with the Nation's
food and drug chains and we now have
more than 6,500 food stores and more
than 2,500 drug sales outlets who have
committed themselves to voluntary
freezing of prices on literally thousands of
basic items.
In the last several weeks, interest rates
have begun edging down, and yesterday
they fell more steeply, but they are still
very high. And there will be no substantial
nor sustained reduction in interest rates
until the growing demand for credit is
assuaged and until we get inflation under
control.
But-and this is very important-the
next couple of months, in spite of the good
news recently, we will continue to see bad
news on inflation. There are some cost
increases still in the pipeline that have not
yet been reflected in prices to the consumer. After that, starting early this summer, the chances are very good for a sizable drop in the inflation rate. We should
have much smaller increases in energy
prices this year compared to last year, and
mortgage interest rates should no longer
be rising-indeed, I hope to see them fall.
There are no quick and easy answers,
but there is no reason for fear or despair.
Our programs are good, our American
economy is strong and sound, and our
people are united and determined to meet
these challenges together.
QUESTIONS
IRAN: SANCTIONS, DEADLINES, AND ALLIED
SUPPORT
Q. Mr. President, what have you accomplished with these sanctions so far?
And have you set a deadline before summer for a new belligerent stand? And also,
do you have any reason to believe that the
allies are going to back up our actions, or
are they fair weather friends?
THE PRESIDENT. From the very beginning of the crisis in Iran, brought about
by the seizure of our hostages, I have had
two goals in mind from which we have
never deviated: first of all, to protect the
interests of our country and its principles
and standards; and secondly, and along
with it on an equal basis, to protect the
lives of the hostages and to work as best
I could under the most difficult possible
circumstances to secure the release of
our hostages safely and to freedom.
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Apr. 17
We have had three options available to
us: economic, political, and military. So
far, we have only exercised the economic
and the political measures-in the Court
of Justice, in the United Nations, in our
own economic actions which are now inflicting punishment on Iran's economy,
and in the marshaling of support among
other countries.
I can't predict to you exactly what
other nations will do. In recent days, I
have communicated with almost all of the
major nations' leaders, asking them to take
peaceful action, economic and political,
to join with us in convincing Iran that
they are becoming increasingly isolated
from the rest of the civilized world and
increasingly vulnerable to dissension and
fragmentation within and to danger from
without, particularly the Soviet Unionthe north of Iran.
Recently, our allies and friends have
withdrawn their ambassadors to decide
what they should do in the future. I understand from some of the leaders that
next week they will have another meeting
to decide what further steps to take, now
that Bani-Sadr, the President of Iran, and
others have refused to take action to release the hostages after our allies had demanded directly that Iran take this action.
If this additional set of sanctions that
I've described to you today and the concerted action of our allies is not successful,
then the only next step available that I
can see would be some sort of military
action, which is the prerogative and the
right of the United States under these
circumstances.
IRAN: POSSIBILITY OF FOOD EMBARGO
Q. Mr. President, why didn't you embargo food right now, as some of us had
been led to believe you had already decided to do?
THE PRESIDENT. We have considered
extending the embargo to food and drugs,
which is obviously an item that we could
include. We, first of all, are complying
with the United Nations Security Council definition of sanctions, and we are
encouraging, now, our allies to take similar action.
Secondly, because of decisions made by
us, the attitude of the American people,
the attitude of shippers of food and drugs,
this trade is practically nonexistent. As I
pointed out to you today, unless there is
immediate action on the part of Iran,
these items and the interruption of communications are still available to us for a
decision by me.
MOBIL OIL COMPANY
Q. Mr. President, after Mobil was
cited as out of compliance with voluntary
wage and price guidelines, they still received two multimillion dollar Federal
contracts. This seems to indicate that
sanctions against noncompliance, especially with regard to the oil companies,
can be waived. My question, sir, is: Are
further sanctions being considered against
the Mobil Oil Company and other companies, and if so, when will that announcement come?
THE PRESIDENT. The previous contracts given to Mobil were decided before
Mobil was cited by the Council on Wage
and Price Stability. Sanctions against Mobil are being considered. We are negotiating now with Mobil on a daily basis
to try to force them, through persuasion
and because of the pressure of public
opinion on Mobil, to refund to the American people the overcharges that resulted
from their pricing policies in 1979.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We have not yet been successful in convincing Mobil to comply with these voluntary price standards so important to
the American people and, in my judgment, so important to the stature and the
reputation of Mobil Oil as a responsible
member of the American economic
community.
I cannot predict to you what Mobil will
do. If they do not act, we will continue
to let the American people know about
the irresponsibility of Mobil, and we will
also take actions, as necessary, to restrain
Mobil, within the bounds of the law, from
benefiting from Government contracts.
IRAN: AMERICAN MILITARY OPTIONS
Q. Mr. President, there's been some
ambiguity, perhaps partly deliberate,
about the circumstances and timing of
military measures, if they are to be taken,
against Iran. One element of that ambiguity was a remark you made in an
interview with the European television
last week that suggested that if our allies
support us sufficiently in taking sanctions,
then it might be less necessary for you to
take unilateral military measures. My
question is, to what extent does the timing
of military measures depend on what our
allies do, and to what extent does it depend simply on the Iranian response?
THE PRESIDENT. It depends on three
factors. One is the effectiveness of the
accumulation of economic and political
sanctions that we have taken against Iran.
Secondly, it depends upon the effectiveness of the sanctions to be imposed upon
Iran by other nations in the world, including some of our key allies. And thirdly
and most importantly, of course, it depends upon the response of Iran to these
actions and the condemnation of the rest
of the world.
I do not feel it appropriate for me to
set a specific time schedule for the imposition of further actions, which may include military action, but it's an option
available to me.
I think our key allied leaders understand the timeframe under which we are
acting and making our plans, and their
decisions next week, I think, will be colored, perhaps, by the messages that I have
exchanged with them, both by cable and
by direct telephone conversations, which
continue.
HAMILTON JORDAN
Q. Mr. President, there have been reports that you have designated Hamilton
Jordan as your special envoy on Iran to
negotiate on the hostages and that, generally, he has become one of your top foreign policy advisers. Could you explain
to us some of these new functions of his
and his qualifications for them, and also
confirm a report that on one or more of
his secret missions he wore a wig and
other disguises?
THE PRESIDENT. I've never known
about any disguises or wigs. Hamilton is
not one of my major foreign policy advisers. He does not claim to be an expert
on foreign policy. Hamilton is very valuable to me in the proper interrelation of
foreign policy decisions with domestic decisions. He does attend most of our highlevel discussions on both domestic matters
and foreign policy matters.
Almost every member of the White
House staff who is involved directly or
indirectly in international affairs and,
also, those in the State Department and,
perhaps, even those in the Justice Department have been involved at various times
in the attempt that we have made to convince the Iranian Government and their
officials to release the hostages. This does
include Hamilton, but he's not designated
exclusively at all to play this role.
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IRAN: TIMING FOR RELEASE OF HOSTAGES
Q. Mr. President, you mentioned that
there's a statement from Iranian officials
that they may not consider the hostage
question until July. Without talking about
a deadline, is that acceptable? Could it go
on that long?
THE PRESIDENT. I would think that
would be an excessive time for us to wait.
IRAN: EFFECTS OF BLOCKADE ON ALLIED
OIL SUPPLIES
Q. Mr. President, despite the compelling objective of obtaining the release of
the hostages, what is the possibility that
a future military action by the United
States, even including a blockade, might
be too high a price to pay in terms of the
damage to the Allied oil supplies and the
further risk of war?
THE PRESIDENT. That's a balance that
I will have to assess and on which make
the ultimate decision. I have not discussed
specific military steps with our allies that
I might take. I think they are familiar,
through news reports and through just
commonsense analysis of those available
to us, that the interruption of commerce
with Iran is a kind of step that would be
available. We announced in November, I
think November the 20th, that this was
one of those steps that we would reserve
for ourselves to take in the future. I think
we used the phrase, "interruption of commerce with Iran."
It would be severe in its consequences
for Iran and much less severe for any particular customer of Iran. Because of sanctions against Iran and because of the fragmented nature of their own economic system and because of their inability to buy
adequate spare parts and continue their
exploratory operations of the production
of oil, their shipments of oil in the in
ternational markets have dropped precipitously.
So, a total interruption of Iranian oil
shipments to other countries would not
be a devastating blow to those countries.
It would certainly be an inconvenience; it
would certainly be serious. And we have
been trying to avoid that kind of action,
and we are still attempting to avoid that
kind of action. But I cannot preclude that
option for the future if it becomes necessary.
IRAN: TIMING OF U.S. ACTIONS WITH
PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES
Q. Mr. President, some of your critics,
especially those who work for Senator
Kennedy, have suggested that your announcements and actions on Iran, many
of them seem timed to influence the Presidential primaries. They cite the announcement the morning of the Wisconsin primary and I'm sure will point out
that today's announcements and this press
conference come just a few days before
the Pennsylvania primary. What's your
response to that?
THE PRESIDENT. I would like for you to
look at the calendar since the first of
January and find a time that wasn't immediately before or immediately after
primaries. As you know, we have 35
primaries this year in a period of about
5 months, which is an average of 7 primaries per month. And I have never
designed the announcement of an action
to try to color or modify the actions of
voters in a primary. These occurrences are
too serious for our Nation.
And the particular instance to which
you refer in Wisconsin was a time when
we had negotiated for many weeks in anticipation of such an announcement that
the hostages would be transferred to control of the Government and subsequently
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
released. That decision came through official action by the Iranian Government,
the Revolutionary Council. President
Bani-Sadr made the announcement himself early in the morning our time, about
noontime Iranian time. It was a completely appropriate time for it to be announced.
But I do not make, and have not made,
and will not make decisions nor announcements concerning the lives and safety of
our hostages simply to derive some political benefit from them.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PRESIDENCY
Q. Mr. President, it seems a lot of people we've seen don't find your effectiveness too great these days. We find this in
the polls and elsewhere. And at least, it's
not as high as they'd like, as good as they'd
like. My question is this: Is the job today
of being President too big, too complex
for a President, any President? Are there
too many factors outside of your control
to be effective?
THE PRESIDENT. The job is a big one;
there's no doubt about that. Under any
normal circumstances, being President is
not an easy task. The greatness and
strength of our country, the support of the
American people, the derivation, through
democratic processes, of authority and responsibility and the ability to act is a reassuring thing to me and all my predecessors who've served in this office and lived
in this house.
This year, almost in a unique way,
we've had additional responsibilities. I
think it's been 25 or 30 years, for instance,
since an incumbent Democratic President
had to run a political campaign while he
was in office. I don't deplore that. The
right of my opponents to run is theirs. But
that's an additional complicating factor.
It was obviously an additional burden for
our entire Nation, not just for me, to have
American hostages captured in Iran and
to have the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan, which was a departure from 25
years of policy on their part not to use
their own military forces to cross the
borders into a previously undominated
country.
The combination of these three factors,
in addition to very high interest rates and
inflation rates, brought about primarily
by worldwide escalation in oil prices, has
made this an extremely difficult job even
compared to normal times. I don't deplore
it; I'm not trying to avoid the responsibilities.
And I believe that the action of the
American people so far during the electoral process has not been a complete endorsement of what I have done or what
I have accomplished. But I think the results so far, compared to what was anticipated 6 months ago, in spite of these unpredictable kinds of crises that have afflicted our Nation, have been very gratifying to me and an indication that the
American people are fairly well satisfied.
We've got problems, yes. But I am not
despairing, and I am not fearful; I don't
think the American people should be
either.
IRAN: PROHIBITION ON TRAVEL
Q. Mr. President, do the sanctions that
you announced today, sir, bar the families
of hostages and other humanitarianminded Americans from traveling, assuming of course that the terrorists will allow
them into the Embassy?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, it would unless
they had received a specific permit either
from the State Department or the Attorney General [Treasury Department].*
* White House correction.
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Apr. 17
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
Q. Mr. President, you have just
recently encouraged foreign automakers
to invest in plants in this country, presumably to hold more jobs here. But in
recent days the autoworkers are complaining they've lost a significant number
of jobs. They are suggesting putting restrictions on foreign imports, at least as a
short-term remedy, and they're planning
to be here and lobby for this. I wonder
how you feel about restrictions on imports.
THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to respond to
your question without it being characterized as a criticism of anyone. I remember
the first few months that I was President,
sitting in the Cabinet Room, over just adjacent to the Oval Office, talking to the
leaders of the American automobile manufacturers, manufacturing firms, all of
the leaders there, all the firms represented,
encouraging them to comply with the impending legislation in the Congress to require the production of small and efficient
automobiles for the American market.
Their unanimous reply was that this
was an inappropriate thing for them to
do, that the market was not there for the
small and efficient automobiles. Subsequent events, which could not be completely predictable, have shown that the
American people are now demanding, in
order to conserve energy, the small and
efficient automobiles, precisely the kind of
car that we were encouraging them to
make 3 years ago or more.
At this moment every single small,
efficient automobile that can be produced by American manufacturers have a
ready market. Because they are now in a
transition period from the large gasguzzling automobiles to the manufacture
of the small and efficient cars, there is a
very difficult time for employment and
American production, because the market
is not there for the big, heavy, inefficient
automobiles.
So, to replace the number of cars that
Americans could be producing that are
small and efficient that are not being produced, foreign imports are coming in at a
very high level. There are several things
that we could do: prevent those foreign
cars from coming in, deprive the American consumer from buying them, which
would drive up the price of domestically
produced small cars enormously or would
result in Americans having to buy the
large and inefficient gas-guzzlers which
they do not want. I think that would be
ill advised.
So, we are trying to carry over, as best
we can, during this transition phase
minimal damage to the American automobile worker, as I described in my statement, encouraging the American manufacturers to shift toward the small and
efficient cars as rapidly as possible and, as
an additional thing, encouraging Volkswagen and other foreign manufacturers
to come into the United States, to employ
American automobile workers, highly
trained, to produce the foreign-designed
cars during that period.
Later, I have no doubt that the American manufacturers, who are highly competent and who make superb vehicles, will
rapidly shift to the small and efficient cars.
When they do, I think the foreign imports, even those manufactured here,
will have a much more competitive
market. But I cannot freeze, now, imports
of the small foreign cars that American
consumers want, just to protect an industry that is now transferring its attention to
the small cars to be manufactured here.
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IRAN: SOVIET ACTIONS TO COUNTER
e BLOCKADE
Q. Mr. President, I would like to get
back to the subject of Iran, if we might.
There have been published reports that
the Soviet Union has already taken some
steps to counter the effects of a boycott or
a blockade, should you decide to take that
route as the days go on. There are reports that truckloads of various food supplies and other commodities are already
coming across the Soviet border into Iran.
Do you have any independent confirmation of this, Mr. President, and don't you
think, if it is true, this would undermine
any future type of a naval blockade?
THE PRESIDENT. The fact is that, I
guess, historically there has been a fairly
substantial level of trade between the
Soviet Union and Iran. Before the recent
revolution, there were plans afoot for substantial increased shipments of natural gas
from Iran into the Soviet Union in exchange for the barter of goods and perhaps hard cash.
The rail lines and the road system
which interconnects Iran and the Soviet
Union are quite limited in their capacity.
They may be used now at capacity; I
don't really know the specifics about that.
But I think that the quantity of goods that
would be interrupted by a possible blockade, which I'm not predicting now specifically will take place, could not possibly
be filled or replaced by the limited transportation routes by land, either from
Turkey or Iraq or the Soviet Union, certainly not from Afghanistan, at this time.
THE NATO ALLIANCE
Q. Mr. President, I was wondering, sir:
Is it your belief the American people will
continue indefinitely to provide the main
defense of Western Europe, when there's
a story in the papers this morning that
showed pluralities in both West Germany
and Britain now oppose backing the
United States in a future dispute with the
Soviet Union?
THE PRESIDENT. The United States has
never provided the majority of or the
overwhelming portion of troops or fighting equipment in Europe for the defense
of Western Europe against the Warsaw
Pact. The number of troops that America
has, in all, in the European theater is
about 300,000. We and our NATO Allies
combined have, I think, more than 2 million. I don't remember the exact figure.
We have always provided the strategic nuclear umbrella for the protection of Europe, and we've had direct control, as you
know, over most of the tactical nuclear
weapons.
I saw results of a poll today from Germany that showed that over 80 percent of
the people in West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, favor a boycott of the
Moscow Olympics by the Federal Republic of Germany.
I think the NATO Alliance is as strong
now as it has been in any time, in my
memory, since the war. Under very difficult economic circumstances, the major
nations in the Alliance have committed
themselves to a real growth in defense expenditures. Under heavy pressure, propaganda efforts by the Warsaw Pact nations, the Allies voted last December to go
ahead with a modernization of theater
nuclear forces-a very difficult decision.
And my own personal relationship with
the leaders in those countries, both the
heads of state and military and diplomatic, show a very strong commitment to
the Alliance and a very strong support
for us.
I have sometimes been disappointed at
the rapidity of action and the substance of
the action taken by some of our allies in
the Iranian and the Afghanistan question.
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Apr. 17
But we look at things from a different
perspective. We are much more invulnerable than they are to any sort of conventional attack. Germany, for instance, is a
divided country. Seventeen million Germans live under Communist rule in East
Germany, and Berlin is especially exposed.
Most European countries have a much
higher dependence on foreign trade than
do we.
But I think within the bounds of the
limitations and difference of perspective,
although I have sometimes been disappointed, I think they have performed adequately. And I believe recently, the last
few days, and I believe next week, we will
see a strong rush of support to join us in
the boycott of the Moscow Olympics,
which will be a heavy propaganda and
psychological blow to the Soviet Union in
condemnation of their invasion. And I
believe their support for us in Iran will
prove that the premise of your question,
that we don't have their support and cooperation, is inaccurate.
INFLATION AND A BALANCED BUDGET
Q. Mr. President, a question on inflation: Did you tell a group of Democratic
Congressmen a few weeks ago that you
realized that your balanced budget would
have only a very small impact on the inflation rate, less than one-half of 1 percent? And if you did tell them that, can
you really expect, if the inflation rate stays
high, the kind of decrease in inflation that
you're talking about? If the balanced
budget doesn't really do it, can you really
expect them, when OPEC looks at that,
when the financial markets look at that,
could you expect the kind of decrease in
interest rates and oil prices that you were
talking about earlier today? Isn't it much
more likely that we'll have a recession and
with continued high inflation, continued
high interest rates, and come out of it with
a higher basic rate of inflation than we
have now, as happened in '74, '75?
THE PRESIDENT. That's a complicated
question. I'll try to answer it briefly.
It is true that by itself, in direct effect, a
$15 billion reduction in Federal expenditures, compared to more than a $2 trillion
economy, would involve less than a half of
1 percent.
But in my judgment, as I told the congressional leaders assembled in this room,
without a clear demonstration of self-discipline on the part of the Federal Government brought about by reduced expenditures and a commitment to a balanced
budget, any other anti-inflation components would be fruitless, because we have
got to convince the American people, the
financial community, business community, labor community, individual citizens,
that we ourselves here in Washington
running the Government are going to be
responsible and not overspend and do our
share to get the Federal Government out
of the borrowing business in 1981, in
order to induce them to join us in a common team effort.
I do believe that we are already seeing
some results. In my opinion, the recent
news on interest rates, not just the prime
rate but most other interest rates, have
shown an encouraging turn. I can't predict that it's going to be permanent; I
don't want to mislead anyone. But if we
can have a limit, a fairly substantial limit,
say, a 20-percent increase in OPEC [overall]* energy costs, and some reductionsay, 2 percent-in mortgage rates on
homes, we anticipate a substantial reduction in the inflation rate within the next
few months. I'm talking about a reduction
of maybe 8 percent or more. Those are
*White House correction.
713
Apr. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
two big "ifs," but I don't think they're
beyond the realm of expectation.
So, I do believe that a concerted commitment on the part of the American people to the program that we have outlined,
and some of them have volunteered to assume, will be effective and that we will
have a reduction of interest rates and inflation, and at the same time, we will keep
our economy strong. I have a very good
feeling about the future this year, about
controlling inflation and reduced interest
rates.
MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
Q. Mr. President, in the last 10 days,
Mr. President, you've talked with the
leaders of Israel and Egypt at length
about their negotiations on Palestinian
autonomy, and you've said, today in fact,
that the problems look less formidable
now. Can you tell us where the give is
and where you see the hope that these two
parties might reach agreement by May
26 or any other time in the near future?
THE PRESIDENT. I am not able and
have never been able to speak for Egypt
or to speak for Israel. The negotiation is
basically between those two countries. We
have faced much more formidable obstacles in the past than we presently face,
both prior to the Camp David accords
and also prior to the Mideast peace treaty
conclusion.
Now we are carrying out the Camp David agreement. When I discuss these matters with President Sadat oj Prime Minister Begin, they have never deviated one
iota from the exact language and the exact provisions of the Camp David accords.
It's looked on almost as a sacred document. There are differences of interpretation about what is actually meant by "a
refugee" or what is actually meant by
"full autonomy" and so forth.
But we're now in the process of negotiating how much authority and power
and influence and responsibility to give
to the self-governing authority, how exactly it will be composed-those are the
two basic questions-and how that selfgoverning authority is to be chosen. And
once that's decided, Israel is completely
ready to withdraw their military government, the civilian administration, to withdraw their own forces and to redeploy
them in specified security locations, and
to let those new duties and responsibilities
be assumed by the Palestinian Arabs who
live in the West Bank/Gaza.
That will be a major step forward. And
if we can accomplish that, then the details of exactly how to administer water
rights and exactly how to administer land
and how to administer other specific elements of security, like controlling terrorism, which are now the difficult issues
being negotiated, I think will be resolved
without delay.
FRANK CORMIER [Associated Press].
Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President's fifty-sixth news conference began at 4:01 p.m. in the East Room
at the White House. It was broadcast live on
radio and television.
Sanctions Against Iran
Executive Order 12211. April 17, 1980
FURTHER PROHIBITIONS ON TRANSACTIONS WITH IRAN
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of
the United States, including Section 203
of the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), Section
301 of Title 3 of the United States Code,
714
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 17
Sections 1732 and 2656 of Title 22 of the
United States Code, and Section 301 of
the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C.
1631), in order to take steps additional
to those set forth in Executive Order No.
12170 of November 14, 1979, and Executive Order No. 12205 of April 7, 1980, to
deal with the threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the
United States referred to in those Orders,
and the added unusual and extraordinary
threat to the national security, foreign
policy and economy of the United States
created by subsequent events in Iran and
neighboring countries, including the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, with respect
to which I hereby declare a national emergency, and to carry out the policy of the
United States to deny the use of its resources to aid, encourage or give sanctuary to those persons involved in directing,
supporting or participating in acts of international terrorism, it is hereby ordered
as follows:
1-101. Paragraph 1-101 (d) of Executive Order No. 12205 is hereby amended
by the addition of a new subparagraph
(v) as follows:
(v) Make any payment, transfer of
credit, or other transfer of funds or other
property or interests therein, except for
purposes of family remittances.
1-102. The following transactions are
prohibited, notwithstanding any contracts
entered into or licenses granted before the
date of this Order:
(a) Effective immediately, the direct or
indirect import from Iran into the United
States of Iranian goods or services, other
than materials imported for news publication or news broadcast dissemination.
(b) Effective immediately, any transactions with a foreign person or foreign
entity by any citizen or permanent resident
of the United States relating to that per
son's travel to Iran after the date of this
Order.
(c) Effective seven days from the date
of this Order, the payment by or on behalf
of any citizen or permanent resident of the
United States who is within Iran of any
expenses for transactions within Iran.
The prohibitions in paragraphs (b) and
(c) of this section shall not apply to a
person who is also a citizen of Iran and
those prohibitions and the prohibitions in
section 1-101 shall not apply to a journalist or other person who is regularly employed by a news gathering or transmitting organization and who travels to Iran
or is within Iran for the purpose of gathering or transmitting news, making news
or documentary films, or similar activities.
1-103. The Secretary of the Treasury is
hereby directed, effective fourteen days
from the date of this Order, to revoke existing licenses for transactions by persons
subject to the jurisdiction of the United
States with Iran Air, the National Iranian Oil Company, and the National Iranian Gas Company previously issued pursuant to regulations under Executive
Order No. 12170 or Executive Order No.
12205.
1-104. The Secretary of the Treasury
is delegated, and authorized to exercise,
all functions vested in the President by the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.)
to carry out the purposes of this Order.
The Secretary may redelegate any of
these functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal government.
1-105. The Secretary of the Treasury
shall ensure that actions taken by him pursuant to the above provisions of this
Order, Executive Order No. 12170 and
Executive Order No. 12205 are accounted for as required by Section 401 of
the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C.
1641).
715
Apr. 17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1-106. The Secretary of State is delegated, and authorized to exercise in furtherance of the purposes of this Order, the
powers vested in the President by Section
2001 of the Revised Statutes (22 U.S.C.
1732), Section 1 of the Act of July 3,
1926 (22 U.S.C. 211a), and Section 215
of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(8 U.S.C. 1185), with respect to:
(a) the restriction of the use of United
States passports for travel to, in or
through Iran; and
(b) the regulation of departures from
and entry into the United States in connection with travel to Iran by citizens and
permanent residents of the United States.
1-107. Except as otherwise indicated
herein, this Order is effective immediately.
In accord with Section 401 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1641)
and Section 204 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
1703), it shall be immediately transmitted to the Congress and published in the
FEDERAL REGISTER.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 17, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:51 a.m., April 18, 1980]
Sanctions Against Iran
Message to the Congress Reporting on Further
Prohibitions on Transactions With Iran and
Transmitting an Executive Order.
April 17, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
Pursuant to section 204(b) of the International Emergency Economic Powers
Act, 50 U.S.C. 1703, I hereby report to
the Congress that I have today declared a
further national emergency and exercised
the authority granted by this Act to im
pose further prohibitions on transactions
with Iran.
I am enclosing a copy of an Executive
Order I have issued today making this
declaration and exercising these authorities pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1641 (b).
1. The circumstances necessitating the
exercise of this authority are the continuing events in Iran, including the actions
and omissions of the Government of Iran
in violation of its obligations under international law, which caused me to declare
a national emergency on November 14,
1979, and to take the action set forth in
Executive Order No. 12170 of November 14, 1979, and Executive Order No.
12205 of April 7, 1980, and the additional
unusual and extraordinary threat to the
national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States created by
events subsequent to November 14, 1979,
in Iran and neighboring countries, including the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
2. The events in Iran and neighboring
countries threaten the strategic and vital
interests of the United States. The occupation of the United States Embassy
in Tehran and the taking and holding of
American citizens hostage there and the
Soviet occupation of Afghanistan are
flagrant violations of the international
order upon which the security of all nations and international peace are based.
Such actions in a region of such vital importance to the United States, and most
of the world, constitute a grave threat to
the national security, foreign policy and
economy of the United States.
3. For these reasons, I find it necessary
to prohibit the following:
(a) Effective immediately, the direct or
indirect import from Iran into the United
States of Iranian goods or services, other
than materials imported for news publication or news broadcast dissemination.
716
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 18
(b) Effective immediately, any transaction with a foreign person or foreign entity by any citizen or permanent resident
of the United States relating to that person's travel to Iran after today. (I am
simultaneously authorizing the Secretary
of State to institute passport and departure controls to restrict travel to Iran by
citizens and permanent residents of the
United States.)
(c) Effective seven days from today,
the payment by or on behalf of any citizen or permanent resident of the United
States who is within Iran of any expenses
for transactions within Iran.
The prohibitions in paragraphs (b)
and (c) will not apply to a person who is
also a citizen of Iran or a journalist or
other person who is regularly employed
by a news gathering or transmitting organization and who travels to Iran or is
within Iran for the purpose of gathering
or transmitting news, making news or documentary films, or similar activities.
4. Effective immediately, I have also
amended Executive Order No. 12205 to
prohibit payments, transfers of credit or
other transfers of funds or other property
or interests therein to any person in Iran,
except for purposes of family remittances.
This prohibition also does not apply to
news gathering activities.
5. I have also directed the Secretary of
the Treasury, effective fourteen days from
today, to revoke existing licenses for transactions by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States with Iran Air,
the National Iranian Oil Company, and
the National Iranian Gas Company previously issued pursuant to regulations under
Executive Order No. 12170 or Executive
Order No. 12205. This will have the effect
of closing down the offices in the United
States of those entities.
6. In addition, I have ordered that all
undelivered military equipment and spare
parts purchased by Iran through the Department of Defense under the Arms Export Control Act now be distributed to
our own Armed Forces or transferred to
other buyers. The delivery of these defense
articles was suspended in November 1979,
and they are presently in storage or in the
procurement pipeline.
7. This action is taken with respect to
Iran and its nationals for the reasons described in this report.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 17, 1980.
United States Ambassador
to Zimbabwe
Nomination of Robert V. Keeley.
April 18, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Robert V. Keeley, of
Winter Park, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Zimbabwe.
Keeley is currently Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State for African Affairs, a
post he has held since 1978.
He was born September 4, 1929, in
Beirut, Lebanon. He received an A.B. degree from Princeton University in 1951,
and he served in the U.S. Coast Guard
from 1953 to 1955.
Keeley joined the State Department in
1956 and has served in a variety of positions in the United States and overseas.
His foreign assignments have included
posts in Amman, Bamako, the Congo,
Athens, Kampala, and Phnom Penh.
From 1974 to 1976, he served at the
State Department as Deputy Director of
717
Apr. 18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Interagency Task Force for Indochina
Refugees. From 1976 to 1978, he was U.S.
Ambassador to Mauritius.
Keeley is a member of the American
Foreign Service Association. He received
a Superior Honor Award in 1975 and a
Presidential Citation in 1976.
United States Ambassador
to Qatar
Nomination of Charles E. Marthinsen.
April 18, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Charles E. Marthinsen, of
McLean, Va., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to the State of Qatar. He
would replace Andrew Killgore, resigned.
Marthinsen is currently Director of
Egyptian Affairs at the State Department
and has been a Foreign Service officer
since 1955.
He was born May 18, 1931, in Jersey
City, N.J. He received a B.A. from Gannon College in 1953. He served in the U.S.
Army from 1953 to 1955.
After joining the Foreign Service, Marthinsen was posted in Dacca, Beirut,
Jidda, and Damascus. He was political
and economic officer in Cairo from 1967
to 1969 and served as an international
relations officer at the State Department
from 1969 to 1970.
Marthinsen was political officer in
Tripoli from 1970 to 1973 and attended
the National War College in 1973-74.
From 1974 to 1978, he was a personnel
officer at the State Department. He has
been Director of Egyptian Affairs since
1978.
Counselor to the President
on Aging
Appointment of Harold L. Sheppard.
April 18, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of Harold L. Sheppard, of
Bethesda, Md., as Counselor on Aging.
He replaces Nelson Cruikshank, resigned.
Sheppard has been senior research fellow
and director of the Center on Work and
Aging at the American Institutes for Research in Washington, D.C., since 1975.
He was born April 1, 1922, in Baltimore, Md. He received an M.A. degree
from the University of Chicago in 1945
and a Ph. D. degree from the University
of Wisconsin in 1948.
From 1947 to 1959, Sheppard was an
associate professor of sociology at Wayne
State University. He was staff director of
the U.S. Senate Special Committee on
Aging from 1959 to 1961. From 1961 to
1963, he was Assistant Administrator for
Operations at the Commerce Department's Area Redevelopment Administration. From 1963 to 1975, he was a staff
social scientist at the W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, where
he dealt particularly with older Americans
in the work environment.
Department of the Interior
Nomination of Clyde O. Martz To Be
Solicitor. April 18,1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Clyde O. Martz, of Denver, Colo., to be Solicitor of the Department of the Interior. He would replace
Leo Krulitz, resigned. Martz has been a
718
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
partner with the Denver law firm of
Davis, Graham and Stubbs since 1969.
He was born August 14, 1920, in Lincoln, Nebr. He received an A.B. from the
University of Nebraska in 1941 and an
LL.B. from Harvard Law School in 1947.
From 1947 to 1962, Martz was a professor of law at the University of Colorado.
He was with Davis, Graham and Stubbs
from 1962 to 1967. From 1967 to 1969, he
was an Assistant U.S. Attorney General.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
April 12
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs.
April 14
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for community and civic leaders from Missouri
in the East Room at the White House.
The President transmitted to the Congress the formal request for budget revisions to implement the budget reductions
announced on March 31.
The White House announced that the
President has selected Governor Averell
Harriman and Ambassador Andrew
Young as cochairmen of the delegation to
represent the United States at the Zimbabwe independence ceremonies in Salisbury, April 17 and 18. The delegation will
depart midday Tuesday, April 15. Also in
the delegation will be:
Delegates
CONGRESSMAN STEPHEN SOLARZ of New York;
CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM GRAY of Pennsylvania;
MAYOR MAYNARD JACKSON of Atlanta, Ga.;
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE FOR AFRICAN
AFFAIRS RICHARD MOOSE.
Members of the Official Party
DOROTHY HEIGHT, National Council of Negro
Women, New York, N.Y.;
WAYNE FREDERICKS, Ford Motor Co., New
York, N.Y.;
ALBERT PRICE, Texas State senator, Beaumont,
Tex.;
GOLER BUTCHER, Assistant Administrator for
Africa, Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C.;
FRANK DROZAK, AFL-CIO, acting president,
Seafarers International Union, New York,
N.Y.;
JERRY FUNK, National Security Council staff
member, Washington, D.C.
April 15
The President met at the White House
with Dr. Brzezinski.
Chancellor Helmut Schmidt of the
Federal Republic of Germany telephoned
the President to discuss the situations in
Iran and Afghanistan.
The White House released the President and Mrs. Carter's net worth statement as of December 31, 1979, and 1979
joint income tax return.
April 16
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the
Council of Economic Advisers;
719
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-representatives of the Leadership
Conference on Civil Rights to discuss
proposed fair housing legislation.
The President declared a major disaster for the State of Arkansas as a result of
severe storms and tornadoes on April 7,
which caused extensive property damage.
The White House announced that former Secretary of State Dean Rusk will
serve as the President's special representative in greeting President Ferdinand E.
Marcos of the Republic of the Philippines
on his arrival April 19 in Honolulu to address the American Newspaper Publishers
Association.
April 17
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Todd Gibbs, of Scottsville, Ky., the
National Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child.
In the afternoon, the President hosted a
reception for the National Conference of
Black Mayors on the State Floor of the
White House.
The President announced that he has
accorded Herbert J. Hansell the personal
rank of Ambassador during his tenure as
Senior Adviser to the United States Representative to the West Bank and Gaza
Strip autonomy negotiations. Hansell has
held this position since earlier this year
and was previously Legal Adviser of the
Department of State.
April 18
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Representative Tom Harkin of Iowa;
-Mr. Moore.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted April 14, 1980
GORDON ROBERT BEYER, of Florida, a Foreign
Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States of America to Uganda.
RUTH BADER GINSBURG, of New York, to be
United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit, vice Harold Leventhal, deceased.
JERRE S. WILLIAMS, of Texas, to be United
States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit,
vice Irving L. Goldberg, retired.
PATRICK F. KELLY, of Kansas, to be United
States District Judge for the District of
Kansas, vice Wesley E. Brown, retired.
W. EARL BRITT, of North Carolina, to be
United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of North Carolina, vice John D.
Larkins, Jr., retired.
WALTER HERBERT RICE, of Ohio, to be United
States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice Timothy S. Hogan, retired.
S. ARTHUR SPIEGEL, of Ohio, to be United
States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, vice David S. Porter, retired.
The following-named persons to be judges of
the United States Tax Court for terms expiring 15 years after they take office:
C. MOXLEY FEATHERSTON, of Virginia
(reappointment).
WILLIAM M. FAY, of Pennsylvania (reappointment).
CHARLES R. SIMPSON, of Illinois (reappointment).
Submitted April 18,1980
ROBERT V. KEELEY, of Florida, a Foreign
Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
the United States of America to Zimbabwe.
CHARLES E. MARTHINSEN, of Virginia, a Foreign Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States of America to the State
of Qatar.
720
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted April 18-Continued
GEORGE Ross ANDERSON, JR., of South Carolina, to be United States District Judge for
the District of South Carolina, vice James
Robert Martin, Jr., retired.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released April 14, 1980
Transcript: announcement of action by Phillips
Petroleum Co. to comply with the antiinflation program price standards-by Press
Secretary Jody Powell; news conference by
R. Robert Russell, Director of the Council
on Wage and Price Stability
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released April 18, 1980
Announcement: nomination of George Ross
Anderson, Jr., to be United States District
Judge for the District of South Carolina
ACTS APPROVED
BY THE PRESIDENT
Approved April 12, 1980
H.R. 3824 --- —------ Public Law 96-235
An act to amend the District of Columbia
Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act to authorize the Council of
the District of Columbia to delegate its authority to issue revenue bonds for undertakings in the area of housing to any housing
finance agency established by it and to provide that payments of such bonds may be
made without further. approval.
721
Week Ending Friday, April 25, 1980
Interview With the President
Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters
From Pennsylvania. April 18, 1980
UNEMPLOYMENT
Q. Mr. President, the unemployment
rate has risen some 5.8 percent last November, to 6.2 percent in March. Since
then, there have been sizable layoffs in
the auto industry and the steel, with more
layoffs expected. And my question is, how
high are you willing to let the unemployment rate go before you shift from an
economic policy of restraint to a policy
of expansion?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, for the last 18
months or more, the unemployment rate
has been almost exactly 6 percent. It has
been up and down, maybe two-tenths of
1 percent from that figure. Any unemployment is of deep concern to me. It is
more than just statistics. It has effect on
a family that has been laid off because of
a slowdown; in the construction industry
of homes, because of high interest rates;
automobiles, because of a shift in the types
of cars we make in this country; farmers,
with the high charges on energy.
There is no particular level at which we
can shift our basic thrust. We are trying
to sustain our economic growth at a small
but moderate level and, at the same time,
get the extraordinary inflation rate and
interest rate down. It is unbearable to
continue much longer with an 18-percent inflation rate and interest rates even
higher.
I think the proposals that were made to
the Congress and to the American people
to very carefully, very cautiously, very
moderately restrain the economy to bring
the inflation under control will not have
a strong, adverse effect on the economic
growth and jobs. We do have a few industries that have already been severely
hurt. I have named the two that are most
immediate in the consequences; that is
automobile production and housing.
Farming is not profitable at this moment,
but we believe that in the summertime,
we will have a reduction in the inflation
rate and in interest rates.
On steel, this has been one of the biggest challenges and efforts that my administration has made. The steel industry was
in desperate straits when I took office.
Profits were practically nonexistent. We
have seen steel profits go from a few million dollars to $1.3 billion last year-20
times greater than they were before. We
have seen steel capacity, total steel plants
in this country, go up from, I think, 78
percent to about 88 percent now, and we
have brought down imports since 1977
about 2 million tons per year.
That doesn't mean that we don't still
have problems in the steel industry. The
antidumping effort that we are now
undertaking in conjunction with the steel
industry has been permitted in an expedited form by the actions that we took on
the trade bill, and also working very
closely with the steel industry who have
met here in my office.
So, we are trying on a broad base to
take cautious measures, and we will try
to monitor these developments on a daily
basis and accommodate change if it takes
place.
723
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Q. You can't say, if your unemployment
gets, let's say, to 7 percent, that that is the
time-or 8 percent? Are you saying that
you would still concentrate on getting inflation down first, even if unemployment
rose to such-to those levels?
THE PRESIDENT. I can't give a formula
like that. There is no trick formula to deal
with this extremely complicated question.
I might add one addition to my answer,
and that is that as we have restrained our
Federal spending in order to bring the
budget into balance and to control inflation, we have not done anything to reduce, for instance, youth employment.
We still are going forward with a major
youth employment bill. And I think it is
good to point out that in the last 3 years,
we have cut the unemployment rate two
full percentage points-that is 9 million
net new jobs, 430,000 of them in Pennsylvania. But we are trying in these budget
cuts and in balancing the budget not to
interfere with job opportunities. And we
are focusing attention where it is most
needed and not having a broad base-very
extensive general programs.
Q. Maybe just one brief followup. Is
it your belief, perhaps, that the recession
will be, as you said yesterday, mild and
short and that you do not expect unemployment to rise, let's say, to 7 percent?
THE PRESIDENT. I think our projections
show that the unemployment rate is likely
to go up as high as 7 percent at the time
of the end of this year. By that time, we
believe, however, that the inflation rate
and the interest rates will drop enough
to have stimulated the economy to put
people back to work. And then, at that
time, with a balanced budget and reductions in Federal expenditures assured, we
would be planning for a tax reduction to
improve productivity and to control inflation at the same time.
IRAN: TIMING OF ANNOUNCEMENTS WITH
PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES
Q. I would like, Mr. President, to ask
you about charges of some of your critics
that you timed some of your news announcements to coincide with primaries.
I know you were asked this yesterday, but
I would like to focus specifically on that
7 a.m. press conference on the day of Wisconsin. Wasn't that an extraordinarily
unusual time for a press conference? And
wasn't it unusual to have given an optimistic report, that very soon later proved
unfounded, when you yourself so often
cautioned against false expectations?
THE PRESIDENT. I would be glad to explain to you why, if you like. I will repeat
what I said yesterday.
Q. Well, on that specific incident.
THE PRESIDENT. We had a meeting in
the Oval Office that morning, beginning
at 5, because of the extraordinary circumstances that surrounded the developments up until that time. The Iranian
Revolutionary Council and the terrorists
and the President of Iran had all given
me word, and it had been made public
that a decision would be made about
whether or not the hostages would be
transferred.
At noon, Iranian time, Bani-Sadr, the
President, was to make his speech announcing their decision. He announced
that the hostages would be transferred to
the control of the Government, the first
step to their ultimate release. I think the
news media was alerted, and all of my
administration was alerted; in fact, the
entire world's attention was focused on
Iran. And I think it was a completely appropriate thing for me to announce to the
American people what the decision of
Iran was.
We have always looked upon any pronouncement from Iran, from a frag
724
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
mented section of authorities, as being
highly suspect. But this was the first time
that we had had a triple commitment to
progress: the President, the Revolutionary Council, and the militant terrorists
themselves.
WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS
Q. To go back to the economy, Mr.
President, in Pittsburgh, our polls indicate
the public expects wage and price controls to be applied at some point. You
have just mentioned that there will not
be a trick formula for some sort of relief.
Could you give us your current thinking
on wage and price controls?
THE PRESIDENT. The same as it has always been. This is the kind of proposal
that is politically attractive, until you
assess the consequences of it. It is a simple,
apparently easy solution to a very complicated and disturbing situation, with
inflation rates high. The Congress would
never pass it. No substantial group of
Members of the House or Senate have introduced or pushed such legislation, to my
knowledge. The fact is that even those
who advocate wage and price controls
admit that you cannot control interest
rates, you cannot control the price of
energy based on imported oil, you cannot
control the price of food, and this applies
to other basic necessities of life.
The easiest thing to control is wages,
and if a working family in this country
has its wages controlled and then has to
buy the necessities of life that cannot be
controlled, this puts the greatest hardship
on those least able to bear the hardship.
That is why it is inconceivable to me that,
aside from a national emergency such as
war, that the Congress or a President
would be willing to impose wage and price
controls.
STEEL INDUSTRY WAGES
Q. My followup, Mr. President, has to
do with the steel settlement, and there
seems to be some disagreement as to what
that will work out to. If it is as high as
40 percent over 3 years, would we expect
a statement from the Council [on Wage
and Price Stability] on that?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, if a steel settlement should be a violation of the wage
guidelines, then there certainly would be
a statement. My understanding so far, on
the first analysis, is that the settlement is
not in violation of the guidelines, but it
will take several weeks to analyze the data
completely.
My belief is that both the steel workers
and the steel industry were thoroughly
familiar with the wage guidelines, and
their beliefs are that the guidelines have
been honored. But I don't have the ability,
at this point, pending an analysis, to make
a final judgment on it.
FEDERAL AID FOR PENNSYLVANIA CITIES
Q. Mr. President, some people in Philadelphia think you turned your back on
the city this year. You haven't visited
there since 1976. You have closed such
installations as the Frankfort arsenal. The
mayor, Bill Green, says your budget cuts
will cost the city $40 to $50 million. And
now the mayor is endorsing your opponent
there, Ted Kennedy, and there is talk that
you might even retaliate against the city
later in other ways. How do you answer
that kind of criticism?
THE PRESIDENT. I think I can answer
fairly well by saying this: In the first
place, I am deeply grateful for what the
Pennsylvania people have done for my administration: the advice, the counsel, the
consultation-and the support, I might
add parenthetically, that they gave me in
1976 at a crucial time.
725
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
When the hostages were seized, we were
on the way toward going to Philadelphia
for a townhall meeting, as you may know.
It was already scheduled and was imminent. It is unfortunate that we couldn't
go there. I have been to Pennsylvania
many times since I have been PresidentI think 10 times for different reasons,
ranging from the Three Mile Island incident to a blizzard in Pittsburgh, and for
other reasons as well.
I think it would be good to review just
briefly some of the increases that we have
given to Philadelphia just in the last 3
years. We have worked very closely with
the local officials, in particular, throughout the country, and the overwhelming
number of mayors in the Nation have
endorsed me because of the close cooperation. And I think we have had a cooperative attitude even among mayors who
were not politically supportive, both Bill
Green and his predecessor.
In Philadelphia, for instance, the EDA
grants under my administration, compared to what they were previously, have
gone up over 300 percent. The Small
Business Administration grants have gone
up over 240 percent. The mass transit
grants have gone up 88 percent. On a
statewide basis, those same figures-EDA
grants, over 50 percent; small business
grants, over about 75 percent; mass transit
grants, more than 120 percent; highway
grants to Pennsylvania, more than 130
percent. And the same would apply to
Pittsburgh and other cities.
We patterned our entire urban program after recommendations made by
mayors themselves and, for that reason,
the allocation of funds has grown and the
cooperation that has existed has been extraordinary. I would never punish Philadelphia or any other city because the
mayor or other officials did not endorse
me politically.
The two major city mayors who have
endorsed my opponent were in Chicago
and Philadelphia, but I would not let that
interfere with my responsibility to the
people of those two cities, who are my
constituents as well.
One of the most difficult battles that we
had with the Congress and other interest
groups was to put the Saratoga into Philadelphia for repairs. This preserves between 8,500 and 9,000 jobs and will probably add about 2,500 new jobs during this
multihundred million dollar overhaul.
And this is a very important matter. But
I have never let any sort of political considerations affect my support for and service to people of a city and never will.
Q. I understand that when you aid distressed cities to make up for inflation cuts,
New York State is supposed to get $14
billion and Pennsylvania is only supposed
to get $4 billion. Have you read those figures, and are you familiar with those
figures?
THE PRESIDENT. No, those figures are
not accurate at all, but the additional
amount of money we are advocating
should come to-to come to the cities
around the country-the $500 million
extra above what the House and Senate
budget committees have advocated would
bring $14 million to Philadelphia alone$14 million.
Q. $14 million?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. I have a similar question dealing
with Scranton, the paper I'm representing today.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. Scranton, like a lot of cities, is worried about the budget cutting, both in
your proposal and in the ones in Congress.
They rely heavily on CETA. They have
a large UDAG grant. T'hey are applying
for funds for a major development downtown, and it may be stopped; they're not
726
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
sure. They also rely heavily, the city
budget, on their share of State revenue
sharing funds. There's a real possibility
of a tax increase to supplement their income at a time when they're being hit by,
like everyone, recession and inflation.
I guess they're wondering and want me
to ask you why you think, given all these
problems, why should the budget be cut,
especially at these times?
THE PRESIDENT. We all share the same
problems. I am in the same boat, as President, that your Governor's in-and the
different mayors. I've been reading news
stories recently, for instance, out of Philadelphia. I know Bill Green is desperately
trying to cut budget expenditures in a
fair and equitable way, and that's what
I'm trying to do.
We have given to the Congress a very
well balanced proposal to bring about a
balanced budget for 1981. My prediction
to you is that the local and State officials
who are concerned about-the same people who are concerned to me-will be
up here before too many weeks go by,
fighting for the administration proposal
as a substitute for the proposals passed
by either the House or the Senate budget
committees, because our proposals do include substantial commitments to the
kinds of programs that you just described.
This would include, for instance, the
$500 million that would be allocated, in
addition to local revenue sharing, to cities
of all sizes who have a special need. And
the targeted assistance that we are now
working to get in the 1980 budget, $250
million, will again go to the communities
in our country, regardless of size, who are
most adversely affected by the high interest rates and high inflation rates.
We have a very fine record, I think,
in the UDAG grants. This is a program
that we initiated, and we have not cancelled the UDAG program. We have had
to cut back to some degree, but I don't
want to mislead anyone. I can't give you
a commitment that no one will have to
have a reduced allocation of Federal
funds. We have to be cautious and united
and have to show self-discipline in bringing about restraints on expenditures, in
order to cut down the inflation rate. And
it's a common approach that has to be
shared by all Americans.
But there will be people who want their
own particular allocation of funds to be
left untouched. Many of them may not
want to vote for me because of the decisions I made. But when our Nation has
a problem on housing or transportation,
on agriculture, on steel, on coal, on cities,
on any other element of our life, that the
problem winds up here on this desk-and
the same problems relate to national defense, the same problems relate to American hostages, the same problems relate
to national security-the problems wind
up on this desk, and I am the only person
who is elected in this Nation that can
match all those problems with possible
solutions, tap the tremendous strength
and resources of our Nation and make
judgments accordingly. And I make my
recommendations on budget matters to
the Congress, and they act with their particular insight. But I can't promise you an
easy solution to very difficult problems. It
would be misleading.
INTEREST RATES
Q. You mentioned last night that part
of your anti-inflation program was working.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think so.
Q. And it's a real problem in the
Scranton area and other parts of the
State, of course, and other parts of the
country, in homebuilding, with the interest rates spiraling. Is there any progress
727
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
that you've seen yet in Pennsylvania and
other States in that regard or that you
see coming up? You mentioned, I think,
something last night about the possibility
of interest rates going back down. Do you
know how soon and by how much?
THE PRESIDENT. We think the interest
rates, in general, peaked the 4th of
April. The trends since then have been
generally downward. Most of the interest
rate reductions have preceded the prime
rate and, in addition to that, we have
increased substantially the federally assisted housing program for 1981 in the
revised balanced budget proposal, an increase of 25 percent next year compared
to this current year, a total of 300,000 federally assisted units.
In addition, yesterday I announced that
we would have, we would support, a program that would give us 100,000 more
homes. That's a 10-percent increase, even
above the rate that we're building homes
now. That would be in addition to the
300,000 units I have just described to you.
Getting the Federal Government out of
the borrowing business and taking the
pressure off revolving credit and other
borrowers from a limited supply of funds
will open up opportunities that have not
previously existed to homebuilders and
home buyers for that limited amount of
financing.
So, I think that all these actions that
I've taken have been carefully designed
to protect the homebuilding industryand small business and farmers, in particular-in tiding them over this high interest rate period.
Q. What is the average rate of homeowner's loans going to be in another year,
say? What is the interest rate people can
count on if they want to buy a home, say,
in the next year or two?
THE PRESIDENT. I can't answer that
question. We think the interest rates next
year will be below the 10-percent level and
what the-I mean that's inflation rate,
excuse me. I don't know what the interest
rates might be, but I noticed an article
this morning in the Washington Post, that
for the first time, home mortgage interest
rates had dropped a half percentage
point. This is a good trend in the right
direction that's compatible with other
trends in the broad financial markets.
IRAN AND THE SOVIET UNION
Q. Mr. President, how concerned are
you that the economic and diplomatic
sanctions against Iran and the military
action, if it comes to that, will drive Iran
into the Soviet orbit? And a second part
of the question is, what would you do if
Soviet troops, which are now on the
border of Iran and more active, in larger
numbers than usual, moved into Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. We do have a concern,
obviously, that Iran stay united and secure and free and independent as a nation. We share that desire with the people
of Iran, even including those that have
condoned the taking of our own hostages.
We have cautioned Iran directly and
through every possible intermediary about
the adverse consequences on their own
Government and on their own nation if
they continue this act of international terrorism against the American hostages.
This is a concern that's been expressed by
the United Nations Security Council,
unanimously, twice, by the International
Court of Justice, and by the general
world opinion.
Now, of course, our allies are beginning
to decide that because of the threat to
their own interests and the supplies of oil
from the Persian Gulf region, that they
themselves should apply cautionary sanctions against Iran. I don't know what
their actions will be next week.
I don't think it would be appropriate
for me to describe to you all the options
728
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
that we would have militarily if a Soviet
invasion took place. It would be even
more serious than was the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan, and you know what our
actions have been there, and you know the
condemnation of the world has been
aroused against the Soviet Union. The
Soviet Union, in my opinion, would suffer
very severe consequences of a broad kind
if they should invade another country.
SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY
Q. Mr. President, if you're to defeat
Ted Kennedy in Pennsylvania next Tuesday, and given the fact that John Anderson may run as an independent, and it
seems that your likely Republican opponent will be Ronald Reagan and that he is
growing in strength, do you think it might
soon be appropriate for Ted Kennedy to
get out of the race so that the party can
bind up to face a stiff challenge in the
fall?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't have any way
to influence what Senator Kennedy might
do or might not do. What I've been doing
this year, in addition to my regular duties
and the extraordinary duties brought
about by the Iran and Afghanistan crises,
is to try to run the campaign as best I
could-not in carefully selected States,
but nationwide.
Next Tuesday, we have Missouri and
Vermont and Pennsylvania choosing delegates. We've done the best we could in all
the primaries and caucus States so far,
and this is the way I'll continue to do.
But-I'd like very much to win Pennsylvania-but I can't predict it, because
I've had to make some very unpopular
and difficult choices in recent weeks, and
I am familiar and deeply concerned about
the same things that concern the Pennsylvania voter.
But I can't predict what will happen
after the Pennsylvania primary if I win
or lose. My only source of information
about Senator Kennedy's plans are from
him, personally, and he says he will stay
in the race until the end, and I presume
he will.
REPRESENTATIVE JOHN ANDERSON
Q. Do you share the assessment of some
of your supporters that an Anderson candidacy would hurt you more than it would
hurt Mr. Reagan?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I personally
think that the two-party system is the best
approach. We've had a lot of third party
candidates run in the past. I don't know,
at least in my political memory, when they
have had an effect on the outcome of the
election.
I noticed a CBS poll the other night on
television that showed that with Anderson not in the race, and in the race, the
relationship between me and Governor
Reagan did not change. But the volatility
of the American voter this year has been
demonstrated time and time again, and I
have no way to know what might be happening many months in the future. I also
am not assuming that either Governor
Reagan nor I will be the nominee. We've
got a long way to go yet, and I think that
we'll just have to wait and see.
IRAN: MILITARY OPTIONS, THE SAFETY OF
THE HOSTAGES, AND THE NATIONAL
HONOR
Q. Mr. President, one more question
on Iran. Would you employ military force
in that situation even if you knew you
were endangering or, perhaps, would
cost the hostages' lives?
THE PRESIDENT. We have two interrelated concerns that can't be separated:
One is to protect the national honor and
the interest of the United States, and the
other is to protect the lives of the hostages
729
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and to secure their freedom. And it's not
possible in my own mind to separate those
two, nor do I attempt to separate them.
So far, we have been successful in two
of those elements-protecting our
Nation's honor and the lives of the hostages. We have been unsuccessful in gaining their freedom. This is a constant preoccupation of mine. I never spend a waking moment without being concerned
about those hostages and their families.
But I can't separate the two, one from
another.
Q. Are you saying there'll come a point
where national honor is more important
than the hostages' lives?
THE PRESIDENT. What I have said isto you just then-I don't see how I could
separate the two and say one is more important than the other. The hostages are
in danger, and they have been in danger
since the very beginning. There have been
some very radical statements made by the
militants in recent weeks, concerning the
death of the hostages and so forth, that
have not been contradicted immediately
by either the Government officials or
Ayatollah Khomeini.
In the past, when the terrorists made
some threat of that kind, either the President of the country or Khomeini have always immediately made a contradictory
statement. That change in apparent attitude there concerns me deeply, but I am
not predicting, of course, that the hostages
will be killed or injured. I hope and pray
that they won't.
IRAN: EFFECTS ON THE PRESIDENT'S
PRIMARY CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, from the reports I
get from some of our local politiciansyou've had a number of them down at the
White House and some on the phonesand I know this is the pattern that we've
seen in other States where there are primaries, and we'd all agree that this is political activity and fair game. But it raises
a question, I think, in the minds of the
voters in Philadelphia-if you have time
for that kind of political activity, why
don't you have time to come out on the
stump and sell your programs in person?
THE PRESIDENT. There are many times
when I have spare minutes or hours when
there is no particular decision I have to
make about international affairs or domestic affairs and, during those times, at
my own convenience, I can place a few
phone calls or many phone calls at the
time and talk to people throughout the
country. I do this and have done it ever
since the first day I was in this office, not
just during the campaign year.
It's difficult for me to schedule ahead
of time a full day's trip away from Washington, 3 weeks in advance or more, and
then expect to keep those appointments.
That's one element of the problem. The
other one is I consider this Nation to be
in a state of crisis just as much today as it
was in the first week in November when
our hostages were captured.
I'm the symbol of our country. We are
trying to convince not only American people but also leaders of nations around the
world that they should not forget that 53
American hostages are being held by terrorist kidnapers at this very moment and
that their freedom is gone and that their
lives are in danger. For me to resume campaigning as though no crisis existed and
to resume business as usual as though the
hostages were not in prison would be, I
think, contrary to the best interests of the
hostages.
It's important for the world to know
that Americans and the American President and the American Congress and the
American news media and all of our allies
and friends are deeply concerned about
730
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
these hostages, and that's another very
important reason why I have not campaigned as I ordinarily would have, and
as I would like to, and as would be very
beneficial to me politically.
It has certainly not helped me politically in the last few weeks or months to be
away from Pennsylvania, where I could
be campaigning among the people who
are going to vote in the primary.
Q. How many points do you think it
would be, Mr. President, if you were to
visit Pennsylvania over the last couple of
months? Is that gaugeable?
THE PRESIDENT. I hope good. In 1976
I was all over PennsylvaniaQ. Right.
THE PRESIDENT in every mediumor large-size community, and on the farms,
and in the bottom of the coal mines, and
everywhere else. And I think it helped me
a great deal to overcome what appeared
to be an insurmountable obstacle at the
beginning. So, it is obviously good for a
candidate to be on the scene. But I just
feel that I have to take that political
sacrifice now in order to maintain my
duties here to the hostages and to the
country.
Q. But might there come a time, if the
situation persists through the fall campaign, that you might abandon that
position?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I've always left
that option open. And if a crisis should
arrive in this Nation somewhere, and it
requires the presence of the President,
even tomorrow, I'll have to make a judgment accordingly. But just to resume normal activities, I believe, would be contrary
to my concept of duty.
RUPERT MURDOCH
Q. While we're talking about the campaign, a couple of the editors who I was
talking to before I came down mentioned
recent stories about the loan to Murdoch.
There's also a Senate committee thinking
about holding hearings on this. Given the
chronology of the loan being granted, how
do you feel? I tried to see if you had
commented on this before. I don't know
what you have to say about this. Do you
think there was politics involved? Are you
concerned? Are you going to be doing
anything about this? Are you just-would
you rather wait and see what the Senate
comes up with?
THE PRESIDENT. At the time Mr. Murdoch came to visit me, I had never heard
of any loan that might go to any business
in which he was involved at all. And
during the time he was with me, and
subsequently, neither he nor anyone who
represents him has ever mentioned any
loan of any kind to me. And none of the
people involved in the Eximbank decision consulted with me on any loan for
Mr. Murdoch, and I have never advocated any loans for Mr. Murdoch or for
any other person with whom I am acquainted under these circumstances.
MR. POWELL.1 Maybe one more question.
SENATOR KENNEDY AND THE DEMOCRATIC
CONVENTION
Q. Senator Kennedy's people have
spoken of a scenario at the convention
where they come into the convention and
try to change the convention rules and
swing your delegates to their side. Have
you heard of and thought of this script?
THE PRESIDENT. I've heard of it. I
hadn't thought much about it. I am a
Democrat, and I've always voted for
Democrats, and if I'm not the nominee I
intend to support the Democratic nomi1Jody Powell, Press Secretary to the President.
731
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
nee. It does concern me that Senator Kennedy has refused to say that he would support me and Fritz Mondale if we are the
nominees of the party. It also concerns me
that Senator Kennedy said that he would
not abide by the rules of the party, which
have been evolved over 10 or 12 years of
a massive reform effort long before I got
involved, became involved, in public
affairs at the national level.
For a candidate to say that he will disrupt the convention, try to change the
basic rules of the electoral nominating
procedure, subvert the will of the voters
of States like Pennsylvania who will
decide how many delegates I get and how
many the other opponents get is, I think,
a mistake. I don't know if he will go
through with it should the occasion arise,
but that's his present plan as expressed
through the news media, and I don't believe the Democrats will permit that kind
of thing to happen.
I saw a similar situation arise in 1968,
when Vice President Humphrey got a
majority of the delegates and the nomination, but because of the divisive nature of
the convention, it was very difficult for
him to mount an adequate campaign with
a unified party and with the support of
former Senator Gene McCarthy and
others who had challenged him at the
convention. That's what we would like to
avoid at the time of this convention, and
if Senator Kennedy or someone else
should get more delegates than I, my hope
would be to unite the party and to face
the challenge of the Republican opposition in November, and I would hope that
he would do the same. His statements to
the contrary do cause me concern.
STEEL INDUSTRY
Q. Mr. President, I know Milt asked
you about steel trigger pricing, and I think
you answered, but I am not sure if I do
understand. Are you considering reimposing that, if that's the right word? I'm
sorry. Milt knows much more about this
than I do. Did I fail to understand something you said or is there something stirring on this?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we evolved the
trigger price mechanism at the urging of
and with the cooperation of the steel industryQ. Right. I understand.
THE PRESIDENT. and the steel
workers themselves, as a substitute for
the antidumping effort that they were contemplating early in my administration.
Q. Right, right.
THE PRESIDENT. We notified U.S.
Steel, the primary one, that if the antidumping suits were filed, that it would
not be feasible to continue both trigger
price mechanisms and antidumping suit
efforts at the same time. As you know,
now, the Commerce Department has certified the legitimacy of the antidumping
suits, and we are now working with the
U.S. steel industry to prevent further
dumping of European steel in the American market.
If the court should throw out that suit
because it fails, or if U.S. Steel should
withdraw the suit, we will immediately reinstitute the trigger price mechanism to
prevent dumping of European steel in the
American markets.
I might point out one other thing.
Q. All right. I'm glad I asked.
THE PRESIDENT. The present antidumping suit and procedure being followed by U.S. Steel is under the expedited
procedures that were negotiated primarily by Bob Strauss, when he was the
Special Trade Representative. So, my administration has consistently supported the
prevention of dumping, and I think, recently in Pittsburgh, the president of U.S.
Steel certified exactly what I have just
told you, that it's a cooperative effort and
732
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
that he's well satisfied with the past and
present commitment of this administration of preventing dumping of foreign
steel in this country.
Thank you all very much.
NOTE: The interview began at 2 p.m. in the
Oval Office. Participants were Sandy Grady,
Philadelphia Bulletin, Paul Taylor, Philadelphia Inquirer, Ted Knap, Pittsburgh Press
(Scrips-Howard News Service), Milton Jaques,
Pittsburgh Post Gazette, and Dan Haar, Scranton Times.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 21.
Interview With the President
Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters
From the Westinghouse Broadcasting
Company, Inc. April 18, 1980
PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND THE
CAMPAIGN
MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, as the recession worsens and as the situation in Iran
perhaps also becomes more dangerous,
when does the point arrive when it's more
important to the American people in the
primary States, including Pennsylvania,
for you to be out there speaking to them
directly than to follow your policy of staying in the White House and not campaigning until the hostages are released?
THE PRESIDENT. We've got an extraordinary collection now, unfortunately, of
both domestic and foreign policy matters
that are extremely important to our country. In many ways they are interrelated.
The Iranian hostages crisis, the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan threatens the
Mideast and the Persian Gulf region, from
which comes a lot of our energy, our oil,
and the oil prices, that more than doubled
last year, have a direct impact on the in
flation rate here and, therefore, interests
rates.
So, I think that it's good for the American people to remember two things. One
is that during a time of crisis there is only
one spokesman for our Nation. To me,
this day the holding of 53 Americans as
hostages by terrorist kidnapers is just as
much a crisis as it was the first of November, when they were captured, and it's important for the American people and the
rest of the world to know that we are not
going back to business as usual and that
this Nation is in a state of crisis, determined to get those hostages home.
Secondly, it's important for the American people to realize that almost all of the
problems and complications that address
our society today eventually wind up on
my desk in the Oval Office. And I think
it's important for the American people to
realize that I'm there on the job, working
with not only foreign allies on international affairs but also with the Congress,
with the steel industry, with the coal industry, with the housing industry, with the
automobile industry and others who come
into the White House, in a concentrated
fashion, to help me work out solutions to
these problems. So, as long as these crises
do exist, I think it's better for me to stay
here and not revert back to business as
usual.
The last point I'd like to make in
answer to that question is it hurts me politically not to be out there, where I would
love to be, campaigning among the communities and among the people who are
going to be voting and are already voting
in the primary elections. It's obviously
preferable for a candidate to be there. I
don't know how much this cost me in
votes and delegates, but I think at this
time it's better for me to take that political
sacrifice, accept fewer votes and fewer
delegates, in order to carry out my duties
as President.
733
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
IRAN: PAST U.S. RELATIONS
M4R. UDWIN. Mr. President, is there no
acceptable way for the United States perhaps to sacrifice some pride and to say
something or do something regarding the
situation in Iran to acknowledge misbehavior, or whatever it would be, by the
United States in the past, that even
though it might hurt our national pride
temporarily, it might achieve the release
of the hostages and perhaps do the greater
good of keeping us out of, potentially,
even a war?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't think anybody
could have been more patient or more
understanding or more determined to explore every possibility of getting our hostages released than I have. If I've been
criticized most for any one aspect of the
Iranian crisis, it's being too patient and
too understanding, not only of terrorists
who are now holding kidnaped victims
who are innocent but also, recently, of a
government of a nation, unprecedented in
human history, who actually condone and
support this act of international terrorism.
There have obviously been mistakes
made in the past in dealing with Iran.
We've made mistakes in dealing with all
nations on Earth, and they've made mistakes in dealing with us. It's inevitable in
complicated international affairs. But I
am not going to apologize to a group of
terrorists who have besmirched our own
Nation and violated every standard of
international decency and international
law. To bring our Nation to its knees for
a false apology is something that I will
never do.
ADMINISTRATION'S ECONOMIC
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
MR. BURNS. Mr. President, I'd like to
take you back onto the political trail.
Many of the voters in Pittsburgh are asking-and primary day is on Tuesdaythey're asking that with the inflation going
sky high, the economy in a tailspin, thousands out of work, and us looking less than
lustrous overseas, why should you be reelected as the President.
THE PRESIDENT. I think we've made
outstanding progress in the last 3 years
in our international affairs and also domestically.
I'd like to remind you of the circumstances that existed in Pittsburgh area 3
years ago, when I first came into office.
The U.S. steel industry was in a debilitated condition. The utilization of steel
plants in this country then was much less
than 80 percent, about 78 percent; today
the steel industry is utilizing 88 or 89 percent of its capacity. In 1977, the first year
I was in office, the total profit of the entire steel industry was just a few tens of
millions of dollars, less than $30 million;
this past year the profits of the steel industry-$1.3 billion, a tremendous increase. In 1977 steel imports were 2 million tons more than they were last year.
We do have problems with the steel industry, but we've made tremendous
progress.
Another point: on employment, we
have added 9 million net new jobs in this
country since I've been in office, 430,000
of those in Pennsylvania alone, almost a
10-percent increase in employment in
Pennsylvania. The agricultural industry
has been improved. We have averaged
so far, in this first 3 years, almost 2 million homes constructed per year, an unprecedented achievement for 3 years
running.
We do have very serious problems-I
don't want to mislead anyone-with high
inflation and, therefore, high interest
rates. We have now put forward an antiinflation program, very carefully designed,
734
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
not to mislead the American people and
to protect those that are most dependent
on government. This is a worldwide problem, high inflation. It's brought about by
the fact that in 1979 energy prices, primarily OPEC oil prices, increased 120
percent, more in 1 year's time than had
been the case in all the time since oil
was first discovered in Pennsylvania at
the very initiation of the oil age.
So, we are trying to accommodate these
shocks to our economy as best we can. It's
necessary for us to act together. We have
recently seen the beginning of a downturn in interest rates. And if OPEC price
increases will just be moderately high this
year, like 20 percent, and if we can bring
home mortgage rates down just 2 percent, which is a very reasonable expectation, then in the next 2 or 3 months we'll
see a substantial reduction in the inflation
rate, maybe 8 or 10 percent, with interest
rates coming down behind them. But
we've got to go through a period of transition here from extraordinary, high inflation and interest rates, brought about by
OPEC oil prices, down to a stable rate
where we can rejuvenate our economy,
which is already hurt, but still surprisingly strong in spite of these problems.
RECESSION
MR. BURNS. Do you feel we are actually in the recession now, Mr. President?
THE PRESIDENT. I think the first stages
of it. A technical definition of a recession
is when you have two succeeding quarters with a negative growth. We've not
had two succeeding quarters with a negative growth. In fact, we had a small positive growth even last quarter. But all of
my economists think that we're in the
initial stages of a slight recessionary period. This is unfortunate, and my heart
goes out to people who are in certain in
dustries that are being severely hurt. But
I think it's a transition period, that we
hope will be brief and will let us get inflation under control and keep our economy strong.
STEEL INDUSTRY AND ANTIDUMPING SUITS
MR. BURNS. Mr. President, I'd like to
take you back for a moment to the steel
business.
THE PRESIDENT. Good.
MR. BURNS. You were speaking of what
your administration has done for the steel
business. Well, steel industry leaders seem
to disagree with you and appear at some
times to even be angry, now with the
trigger price system being abolished by
your administration. And back in a Pittsburgh suburb, Aliquippa, in 1978 you
said, "We have put the trigger price system into effect, and we're not going to
have to worry about that anymore."
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
MR. BURNS. Now, many of the leaders
of the steel industry feel that you abolished the trigger price system out of disliking U.S. Steel's filing suit on the dumping charges.
THE PRESIDENT. No, that's not true at
all. In 1977 we were faced with a rash
of antidumping suits. My administration
was absolutely determined to reduce the
amount of steel dumped in the American
markets by European manufacturers. We
met with the steel industry, both the manufacturers and the steel workers, and very
carefuilly worked out the trigger price
mechkaism as a substitute for the antidumping suits.
In the last few months U.S. Steel, the
only company in the country, decided to
reinstitute those same antidumping suits.
That's their right under the law. We informed them ahead of time, many weeks
ahead of time, that we would rather work
735
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
out this dumping problem with the trigger price mechanism instead of the antidumping suits. They decided to go ahead.
It's inconceivable, impractical to have
both the antidumping suit with my administration giving full support to it, and
also have the trigger price mechanism at
the same time.
We have encouraged the Commerce
Department to help with the antidumping effort, and the Secretary of Commerce
has confirmed the fact that there is justification for the antidumping suits. We are
now working very closely with U.S. Steel,
as a matter of fact, in Pittsburgh last week,
in the presence of Bob Strauss and others.
The president of U.S. Steel confirmed the
fact that the Carter administration was
working very closely with the steel industry in the antidumping suits now to try to
hold down dumping.
MR. BURNS. That was Mr. Roderick.
THE PRESIDENT. That's right. He said
this himself.
If something should happen in the next
few weeks or months, if U.S. Steel should
withdraw its suits or if the courts should
find that the suits are not well founded,
we would immediately go back to the trigger price mechanism to protect this country against dumping. I might add one
other thing. If the antidumping suits go
ahead, then it's proceeding under an expedited procedure, put into effect by Bob
Strauss when he was our special trade
negotiator, to let this dumping be stopped
as quickly as possible in the Federal courts.
So, we are cooperating completely with
the steel industry to hold down foreign imports into this country and particularly to
prevent dumping of steel in this Nation
below its cost of production in Europe.
PHILADELPHIA AND MAYOR BILL GREEN
MR. SHEERAN. Mr. President, I'd like
to take you across the State, to Philadel
phia. Does Bill Green's endorsement of
Senator Kennedy annoy you or bother you
or upset you?
THE PRESIDENT. No.
MR. SHEERAN. Does it mean anything?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously when
a very popular man like Bill Green endorses an opponent, it causes me concern.
I would prefer that he endorse me. There
have been two major city mayors that
have endorsed my opponent; one was
Mayor Byrne in Chicago, and the other
is Bill Green in Philadelphia. The people
of Philadelphia and Chicago are my constituents just as much as they are Bill
Green's or your Governor's. I'm concerned
about them.
In this last 3 years, since I've been in
office, we've not had the strong support
even of Bill Green's predecessor, as you
know. But we've had an extraordinary increase in economic development funds for
Philadelphia, mass transit funds for Philadelphia, small business loans for Philadelphia, transportation funds for Philadelphia. We've not let Philadelphia suffer,
and we will not.
MR. SHEERAN. Will they stop because
of Bill Green's endorsement of Senator
Kennedy?
THE PRESIDENT. Absolutely not.
MR. SHEERAN. You're not going to take
any umbrage?
THE PRESIDENT. No, sir.
POLICY DIFFERENCES WITH SENATOR
KENNEDY
MR. SHEERAN. Your commercials in the
campaign, they seem to be focusing on
Senator Kennedy's character and not the
accomplishments of your administration.
Why is that?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe that's
the case. Now, there is a necessity in a
political campaign to point out the differences between two candidates. I don't
736
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
believe that we have referred to Senator
Kennedy's character at all.
MR. SHEERAN. I mean indirectly.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, there is a legitimate duty that I have, as an incumbent
and also as a candidate, to point out the
differences between us. I'll take a quick
example on the inflation rate. Senator
Kennedy advocates a procedure of wage
and price controls that will not work. It
will never get through the Congress.
There is no responsible group of Members
of the House or Senate that think that
wage and price control authority can get
through the Congress. It's a ridiculous
proposal.
Senator Kennedy himself would tell
you, you cannot control the price of imported oil or energy, you cannot control
the price of food, you cannot control the
interest rate charges and other basic necessities of life. One thing that you can
control is wages, under a law, a wage and
price mandatory law; you can control
wages. And if the average working family
in Philadelphia or throughout this country has their wages frozen and do not have
all the necessities of life, prices frozen,
that's the very family that will suffer, and
for us to point that out is legitimate.
There's one more point I'd like to make
on this inflation issue. We have advocated
a. balanced budget. Senator Kennedy is
w ell known as the largest spender perhaps
in the history of the United States Senate,
arnd the only reductions in expenditure
that I know he has advocated is cuts in the
defe nse budget. This is exactly the wrong
time to cut our Nation's ability to defend
itself, with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and with the Iranian question as
well. We need to strengthen our Nation's
defenses within the bounds of a balanced
budget and giving very careful attention
to those \who need it.
So, it's' a legitimate political duty that
I have to point out those kinds of differences between me and my major
opponent.
SENATOR KENNEDY AND THE DEMOCRATIC
CONVENTION
MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, Senator
Kennedy's advisers sound as though
they've pretty much made up their mind
that they'll go to the floor of the convention this summer even without nearly
having a majority of the delegates-in
other words, that you would have thembut that they would be prepared to wage
a divisive floor fight, to split the loyalties,
first, of individual delegates to where a
delegate might have a natural inclination
to be quite liberal, as we perceive Senator
Kennedy to be, but would be pledged to
and planning to support you. and that this
might be an avenue, through credentials
fights or other ways, to keep alive a contest against you.
Do you think that that is a likelihood?
Are you preparing for it? And do you even
see a more sinister possible purpose to
where he would be willing to wage that
kind of a fight, which could cost you, the
nominee, eventually the Presidency, but
leave him perhaps ready to inherit the
party for 1984?
THE PRESIDENT. I've seen these reports
that Senator Kennedy would not abide by
the decisions made in the primaries, like
in Pennsylvania or the caucus States, but
would try to subvert the present rules and
overthrow the procedures when the convention meets in New York.
These Democratic Party rules are the
result of about 10 years, at least, of reform to make sure that the convention
members, the delegates, actually and accurately represent the desires of the people back home who elected them. Most of
these reforms were instituted long before
737
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I became President, long before I even
got involved in national politics. And for
any candidate to say ahead of time, which
apparently Senator Kennedy and his advisers have, that he'll try to overthrow
this entire procedure just because he did
not get a majority of the delegate votes,
I think it's contrary to the best interests
of the party.
I saw this happen in 1968, when Hubert
Humphrey had a majority of the delegates
going in and coming out of the convention in Chicago. Gene McCarthy and
others tried to disrupt the convention and
to take away the nomination from Senator Humphrey. They did not succeed.
But when Senator Humphrey came out
of that divided convention with the nomination, he was so wounded by a divided
party that he was not able to win the
election, and Richard Nixon became
President. This could happen coming out
of the convention, in New York, if there
is a deliberate disruption of the
procedures.
Another thing that concerns me very
much about the existing situation is that
Senator Kennedy has refused to say that
he would support me and Fritz Mondale
in the November election even if we get
the nomination. This doesn't help the
Democratic Party; it obviously helps the
Republican prospects for victory in November.
I am willing, eager to support the
Democratic nominee in November, no
matter who it is. I have never in my life
voted for a Republican, and I don't intend
to. And I know that what the Democratic
Party stands for, regardless of the identity
of the nominee if he's chosen at the convention, represents more accurately what
I want than a Republican Party that
might be headed by Ronald Reagan.
So, Senator Kennedy's refusal to abide
by the present rules of the Democratic
nominating process and his refusal to say
that he will support me and Fritz Mondale if we get the nomination those two
facts do concern me very much.
REPRESENTATIVE JOHN ANDERSON
MR. UDWIN. Speaking, Mr. President,
of candidates who may not be willing to
support the choice of their party, apparently Congressman John Anderson, a Republican, is about to become an independent candidate for the Presidency, presumably not winning the nomination from
Ronald Reagan. The conventional wisdom in this town and it has been wrong
before-is that it would take more votes
away from the Democratic candidate for
such a candidacy than from the Republican. How do you feel about it, and what
can you do about it?
THE PRESIDENT. I think anybody in
this election year who tries to predict a
week ahead of time what's going to happen is really kind of foolhardy. I don't
think the electorate has ever been more
volatile and quick to change their opinion
than has been evidenced this year.
I don't know what Congressman Anderson will do. The history of our Nation,
certainly in my memory, has been that
those third-party type candidacies, after
somebody has been unsuccessful in the
two major parties, have not been successful at the beginning and, secondly, have
not changed the outcome of the general
election. I don't know what will happen
this year, but I don't want to worry about
that.
MR. UDWIN. You don't accept the idea
it would hurt you more than Ronald
Reagan, let's say?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I was watching,
I think, one of the news broadcasts the
other night, I think a New York Times/
CBS poll. And of course polls change
738
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
every week. But it did show that with
Anderson in the race and with Anderson
out of the race, there was no change at all
between the outcome between myself and
Governor Reagan if we should be the
candidates.
PENNSYLVANIA PRIMARY
MR. SHEERAN. You said earlier that by
staying in the White House, it hurts you.
Does it hurt you enough to lose
Pennsylvania?
THE PRESIDENT. That may be the case.
But even if I lose an important and major
State like Pennsylvania by not abandoning my duties here in the White House
and going out to campaign, as I would
love to do, I will just have to take that.
MR. SHEERAN. I get the feeling that
you may have resigned yourself to losing
Pennsylvania.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I hope I don't
lose, and we're doing the best we can to
win.
MR. SHEERAN. Am I getting the wrong
feeling, or do you think you're going to
lose?
THE PRESIDENT. It looks very close, and
I can't predict the outcome.
SENATOR KENNEDY
MR. BURNS. Mr. President, in your
statement were you inferring that Senator
Kennedy in his primary campaign is playing dirty pool or even dirty tricks, so to
speak?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think so.
MR. BURNS. Then you were referring
to what he might attempt to do at the convention, I suppose.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, those are reports
that have been widely disseminated by his
own people, and I was responding to a
question asked. I hope that he won't go
through with that kind of plan. Nothing
would please me better than to have the
Senator state today, "I will abide by the
rules of the Democratic Party, and I will
support the nominee chosen by the convention." I think that would put all these
kind of rumors and uncertainties and
problems aside. That would be my
preference.
PENNSYLVANIA PRIMARY
MR. BURNS. How much importance do
you put in the Pennsylvania primary, Mr.
President?
THE PRESIDENT. I know how important it was to me in 1976. In fact, I lived
in Pennsylvania for a long time, and all
of my supporters and relatives, even large
numbers of people from Georgia, came up
to help me there. And I would say that it
was one of the turning points of the 1976
campaign.
It's important this time. Pennsylvania
is a large bellwether State, and the people
are intensely interested in issues. It's fairly
representative of the rest of the, Nation,
and what happens there will be very significant, even beyond the difference in the
delegates.
So, I would love to win, but I cannot
predict that I will win. I might say that
I have had to make some very difficult
and controversial and even unpopular
decisions in recent weeks, and that will
have an effect, too.
MR. SHEERAN. Do you think if Senator
Kennedy wins in Pennsylvania, that will
change his whole campaign around and
give him the so-called momentum?
THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to say. I won
overwhelmingly in Chicago; it didn't help
me much in New York the next week.
[Laughter] And as you know, Senator
Kennedy won overwhelmingly in New
York; it didn't help him much in Wiscon
739
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sin and Kansas the following week. So, I
think it's too rapidly changeable a year to
predict that.
MR. SHEERAN. What about Philadelphia itself? Does Bill Green's endorsement
mean any votes, or is it just a headline?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I would guess it
would mean votes.
MR. SHEERAN. Do you think it will
mean the difference in Philadelphia between you and the Senator?
THE PRESIDENT. We're not giving up
there. We're doing the best we can there.
But I don't have any polling data or specific information about what might be the
trend in Philadelphia. I would hope that
people would listen to this broadcast and
make a decision to vote for me. [Laughter]
MR. SHEERAN. The early polls seemed,to have you ahead, and then things have
turned around. Do you think it's people
reacting to what you're doing here or reactin g to the Senator's campaigning there,
or why' has he pulled up, in other words?
He seem s to be doing a lot better in Pennsylvania.
THE PRESIDENT. There are things that
are happening that affect people's lives
that are not pleasant: our hostages are
being held, the Soviets in Afghanistan, the
inflation rate is hig.h, the interest rates are
high. Those things obviously do not help
an incumbent, no matter how hard he
might try to solve theste problems. They
are difficult problems. Thcre are not easy,
cheap, quick answers, and l't's misleading
to insinuate that there are.
And also, it obviously helps fcor a candidate as attractive as Senator Keiinedy to
be spending 10 or 12 days in the pthiladelphia area expressing his views and having
contact with people personally.
MR. SHEERAN. Don't you feel helpless,
though? He's out there, andTHE PRESIDENT. I would rather be out
there.
PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
MR. BURNS. Mr. President, just how
much do the polls affect you personally,
particularly if they're unfavorable? Do
you allow that to bug you?
THE PRESIDENT. No.
MR. BURNS. No?
THE PRESIDENT. NO. I never have lost
any sleep at all, even over matters much
more important than public opinion polls.
I've just done the best I could, made decisions whether they were popular or not,
and so far, have done well in politics. Nobody predicted that my declaring a grain
embargo against the Soviet Union and
reducing American exports 17 million
tons just a few days before the Iowa caucuses would help me in the farming areas.
It was not an easy thing for me to do.
But in general, I believe the American
people, so far this year, have understood
my problems and that they are their problems, have understood the difficulty of
these times, which we all share, have confidence in the strength of our Nation, in
the long run, and believe that I'm doing
the best I can and the Congress is doing
the best it can to resolve these questions
with a minimum adverse effect on the
American people. That's all I can hope
for, and so far, I've not been disappointed.
IRAN: COMMITMENTS TO PROTECT THE
AMERICAN EMBASSY
MR. BURNS. Mr. President, getting back
to Iran then for just a moment, at the
time that the decision was being made to
allow the Shah to come to the United
States for medical treatment, were any
steps taken to perhaps evacuate or beef up
the guard at the United States Embassy
in Tehran? Was anything done about the
Emb:assy at that time, when you were
thinking of allowing the Shah back in this
country?
THlm PRESIDENT. Yes. A year before the
740
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
Shah came to this country, we had over a
thousand people assigned to the Embassy
in Tehran; it was one of the largest embassies in the world. After the Shah was
overthrown by the revolution, we reduced
that number down, as you know, to 53
when the hostages were captured. And we
also went in and completely renovated the
Embassy and strengthened it considerably.
There is no embassy in the world built
like a fortress enough to withstand an
armed attack unless you have the protection of the foreign country where the Embassy is located. We had direct commitments, even after the Shah came to this
country for medical treatment, from the
Prime Minister of Iran and from the Foreign Minister of Iran that our Embassy
would be defended. And on that basis, we
were surprised, but we were not able to
defend the Embassy when the attackers
took it.and the Government, in effect,
looked the other way.
Recently there's been a different circumstance, where these terrorists have offered to let the hostages be released to the
Government, and the Government, in
effect, has refused to accept them because
they could not get a unanimous vote. So,
in effect, now you have the legitimate
constitutional Government of Iran officially condoning and even supporting this
international act of terrorism. This is what
concerns us so deeply.
But we did the best we could, with a
careful and reasonable approach, to minimize the prospect of the hostages being
taken and the Embassy taken over, but we
could not defend it with the support of the
Government going to the terrorists instead
of protecting us as they should have.
IRAN: NUMBER OF AMERICAN HOSTAGES
MR. BURNS. You mentioned 53, Mr.
President. There are only 50 in the Embassy itself, are there not?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. There are 50 in
the Embassy, and 3 others are in their
state department, their Foreign Ministry.
IRAN: U.S. RELATIONS AND RELEASE OF
THE HOSTAGES
MR. UDWIN. Mr. President, are there
times when you try to read the minds of
those who are holding our hostages and
figure what is it they really hope and
actually believe that they could achieve
at this stage? What do you come up with
when you try to do that? And do you believe that these hostages will come out
of there alive?
THE PRESIDENT. I pray several times a
day that the hostages will survive and be
returned to freedom.
Iran is a fractured country. The President of Iran, the Foreign Minister of Iran
want the hostages released, because they
want to repair what's happening in Iran
to their own country. The Ayatollah Khomeini does not want the hostages released.
I've had several reports lately that he
says that -the hostages would not be released until after this election year is over
in the United States. Other officials in
the Revolutionary Council have said that
the hostages would not be considered for
release until July or August. As you know,
they are delaying even the election of
their parliament, which will ultimately
make the decision.
So, you have a range of people who
want to get the hostages out now and who
did not think they should ever be released,
including their own President, and you
have other people who do not want the
hostages to be released within the next
5 or 6 months.
MR. UDWIN. What do you think they
could have in mind at this stage?
THE PRESIDENT. There's an intense
hatred of the United States of America
741
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
itself, brought about by the last 30 years
of administration by the Shah, who was
a friend of our country during all those
years, beginning even when President
Eisenhower was in office. And I think that
burning hatred of the United States and
of the Shah is combined in the minds of
some, like the Ayatollah Khomeini. These
terrorists inside our Embassy compound
are followers of his, and I would guess
that among the couple of hundred who
are involved now in the holding of our
hostages, there would be differences of
opinion among them.
We derive every possible degree of information and advice and counsel among
professors and former residents of Iran
who specialize in Islamic thinking and in
the Iranian attitudes, to try to pattern my
own actions. And I have spent hundreds
of hours, literally, studying Iran and the
composition of its people and the religious
and political attitudes, the character of
specific people who are involved, so that
I could make the proper judgments
accordingly.
MR. SHEERAN. Are you sorry you didn't
go in militarily right away?
THE PRESIDENT. No.
MR. SHEERAN. Right afterTHE PRESIDENT. No. We've gone
through a period of giving Iran every possible opportunity to resolve this crisis
without bloodshed and without military
action. We've been patient, exceptionally patient. On occasion we have had direct, unequivocal promises that the hostages would be turned over to the Government and later released, even from
the Revolutionary Council and the terrorists and the President, all at the same
time. But then the Ayatollah Khomeini
reversed all of them and refused to release the hostages.
THE PRESIDENT'S LEADERSHIP RATING
MR. SHEERAN. One light question-a
lot of us have seen Bo Derek's movie,
"10." Have you?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I have.
MR. SHEERAN. Okay, how do you give
yourself a rating, 1 to 10 —[laughter] —in
leadership? What number are you?
THE PRESIDENT. I would rather not
answer that question that way.
MR. SHEERAN. You'd rather not?
THE PRESIDENT. No. I'm not a completely unbiased analyst-[laughter]-and
I think my assessment of what we have
done under difficult circumstances would
probably be higher than the average, and
it would probably not be completely accurate. But I think we've done a good job.
MR. SHEERAN. You're not going to
claim a 10, though?
THE PRESIDENT. No, but I would claim
that we've done the best we could.
MR. UDWIN. Thank you, Mr. President.
NOTE: The interview began at 2:40 p.m. in
the Map Room at the White House. Participants were Gerald E. Udwin, bureau chief of
the Washington, D.C., news bureau, Bill Burns
of KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh, Pa., and Dick
Sheeran of KYW-TV in Philadelphia, Pa., all
from the Westinghouse Broadcasting Company,
Inc.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 21.
Interview With the President
Question-and-Answer Session With Reporters
From Pennsylvania. April 19, 1980
INFLATION AND INTEREST RATES
Q. I have a couple questions from a
man on our staff who specializes in the
economy, and I must apologize-you
742
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
know how these economic types are-they
are long questions.
At the press conference on Thursday,
you said that soaring inflation and extremely high interest rates were brought
about almost entirely by worldwide escalating oil prices. The overwhelming majority of private sector economists and
many government economists have said
the OPEC increases are simply a smokescreen and that the administration is doing nothing to improve America's lagging
productivity, which is commonly held to
be the major cause of soaring inflation.
Excluding energy, food, and housing
costs, inflation is still running at about
9 percent, which Federal Reserve Board
people say is entirely too high. What is
your opinion?
THE PRESIDENT. I agree there is a lot
of difference between a 8- or 9-percent
level and the 18 percent that we have
experienced.
The energy inflation rate at this point,
even after OPEC price increases have not
been very high the last few months, is
still running 90 percent per year. And it
is obvious that energy has an impact on
the economy that is far greater than just
the price of oil or its direct products like
gasoline, because petroleum products permeate the entire economic structure of
our Nation. They contribute to higher
fuel costs, high transportation costs, higher
production costs for any product that uses
petroleum as a basic raw material.
My own Chairman of the Economic
Advisers says that mortgage interest rates
and energy comprise about 8 or 9 percent
of the total inflation rate that we are experiencing now. And he also states that if
we can hold OPEC price increases in 1980
down to a 20-percent increase, which is
still a substantial increase, and cut mortgage interest rates 2 percent, that we are
likely to have an 8- to 10-percent reduction in the inflation rate later on in the
summer.
So, there is no doubt that other factors
are involved and that we do have an
underlying inflation rate of around 8 or 9
percent, which is too high. But at least
that is not a devastating inflation rate as
contrasted with the 18 percent that we
presently experience and the 19 percent
interest rate.
I noticed that mortgage interest rates
dropped a half percent this week in the
Washington area and, as you know, the
prime bank rate yesterday dropped from
20 percent down to 19V/2. This is a good
trend in the right direction. We hope it
will be maintained, but that is no guarantee that it will.
THREE MILE ISLAND
Q. Up around our way, Three Mile
Island is a formidable piece of our lives
every day, as you well know. Are you willing to cut through the redtape which
exists-Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
the Department of Energy-making
available to us people like Harold Denton,
whom you made available before? You
know how the Oak Ridge and Argonne
laboratories, which are under the DOE,
sort of have been creating an interdepartmental task force to let us clean up this
mess and get back to normal living again.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know,
since the Three Mile Island accident occurred, I have been quite active in trying
to do everything possible to understand
the subject and also to act where necessary. I went into the Three Mile Island
area and into the control room itself immediately after the accident to learn and
to demonstrate that there was no immediate threat to the people who lived
743
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
there when there was deep concern among
the people, understandably.
Following that, I appointed the
Kemeny Commission to look into all aspects of the Three Mile Island accident,
and also nuclear power generation
throughout the country, and they made
more than 40 recommendations to me
that I have begun to implement. Part of
that implementation is to reorganize the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission so that it
can be more effective in the future, and
that reorganization plan is now before the
Congress. They will act within the next
few weeks, and my belief is that they will
act affirmatively on my recommendations.
We have put, as the paramount issue
above everything else, the safety and the
health of the people in the area and,
along with that, of course, a commitment
to tell them the truth-not to let there be
any misleading statements made by any,
either Federal or private, entity.
The Environmental Protection Agency
is representing me in making sure that any
action taken is safe and well-advised. The
Nuclear Regulatory Commission itself, as
you know, is an independent agency over
which I do not have direct control. But
I think that what we have learned from
the Three Mile Island accident will not
only help people in Pennsylvania be more
safe in the future, but I don't have any
doubt that it will affect not only our own
Nation, in every State, but the world has
learned that nuclear power must be made
safer in its design, the building, the operation, and the maintenance and the supervision of all nuclear powerplants.
I think we have moved effectively so
far, and I can tell you and the people who
live in your area that we will continue to,
under my direct observation and under
my control, as much as the law will
permit.
Q. Well, our problem right now, sir, is
almost more acute than it was at the time
you visited the plant. The venting of the
krypton-80 gas has become a major issue.
Mr. Denton, whom you so kindly sent up
then, is about the only calming force-we
call him a combination of Sam Ervin and
Catfish Hunter.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, he was my immediate adviser in the immediate aftermath of the accident, and now he is representing, still, the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission. And the Environmental Protection Agency, Doug Costle, represents
me officially and legally in making sure
that any action is the safest and the surest
to protect all those around that area.
Q. There would be no objection if they
had to call in the Energy people?
THE PRESIDENT. No objection at all.
Any people that are involved directly or
indirectly are being coordinated now
much more effectively than in the past.
IRAN: HISTORICAL PARALLELS, THE
SAFETY OF THE HOSTAGES, AND THE
NATIONAL HONqOR
Q. Mr. President, turning for a minute
to Iran, I just wondered, as you assess
what to do in Iran, do you draw upon
any kind of historical parallels between
either the Pueblo incident or the Mayaguez, and in light of the increasing calls
for action on the part of your Republican
opponent, is there going to be a point
where the lives of the hostages might become less important than national honor?
THE PRESIDENT. I have studied all the
previous occurrences in my lifetime where
American hostages have been taken-in
Mongolia, when President Truman was in
office, and the Mavayaguez incident under
President Ford, and the Pueblo incident
under President Johnson-to learn how
they reacted and what the degree of success was, and also the legalities involved
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
in dealing with countries that either directly or indirectly participated in the
holding of hostages.
Until recently, the Government professed not to play a responsible role in the
holding of the American hostages, that it
was being done by-they call them students, I call them terrorists-who were
not controlled by the Government. But in
the more recent weeks, the terrorists
themselves had announced they would
turn over the hostages to the Revolutionary Council if it so demanded. At one
time, the President and also the Chairman
of the Revolutionary Council, Bani-Sadr,
did announce early one morning, our
time, that the hostages would be transferred to the Government control and
that the militants and the Ayatollah
Khomeini had agreed. Then two members of the Revolutionary Council decided
to change their position, and the entire
effort fell through, contrary to what we
had expected. This puts the Government
directly involved in condoning and supporting the holding of the hostages, since
they have refused to accept the hostages
when the militants offered to turn them
over.
The other part of your question about
the relationship between our national interests, the national honor on the one
hand, and the hostages' lives on the other
has never been separated in my mind.
The two are directly interrelated. If I
should do anything to lessen the importance paid by us to the hostages' lives and
safety and freedom, it would obviously be
a reflection on our own Nation's principles, that we value a human life, we
value human freedom, that we are a country with compassion, and that we are not
callous about the value of the lives of
those 53 hostages.
So, I have never tried to separate what
was best for the hostages on the one hand,
from what is best for our country on the
other, and I don't intend to.
IRAN: AMERICAN MILITARY OPTIONS
Q. What are the military options in
Iran, other than a blockade, and are we
close to war?
THE PRESIDENT. No, we are not close to
war. Ever since November the 20th, we
have announced that we reserve the right
to take whatever actions are available to
us under international law. We are the
subject, as a nation, through our Embassy,
of invasion of American territory-the
Embassy compound is American territory
American nationals, citizens, have been
captured by international terrorists. So,
under international law, we have the right
to act as we choose to redress those grievances, just as though our continental
United States was invaded.
I have so far been extremely patient,
and I have been pleased and somewhat
surprised at the patience of the American
people because they know that the hostages' lives are at stake.
Our assessments of possible military action ought not to be discussed directly and
individually by me and specifically by me,
but I think the statements that we have
made ever since November have been that
we would reserve the right, for instance,
to interrupt commerce going to and from
Iran. I think that is as far as I would like
to go at this point.
IRAN: TIMING FOR RELEASE OF THE
HOSTAGES
Q. How did you find out that the hostages might be held until after the November elections, the story we are reading in
today's paper?
THE PRESIDENT. We have had reports
from other nations, diplomats, that in
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Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
their conversations with Khomeini's closest advisers, he has stated that this was
one of his objectives. And it now appears
that the Iranian parliament may not even
be having elections until maybe a month
from now, the middle of May or even
later. Following that, the parliament
would have to be organized for the first
time in Iran's history, and some of the
clerics who are likely to control the
Majles, as it is called, have stated that
they would be in no hurry to consider the
subject of the American hostages.
What we are trying to do is to expedite
this process in every possible way, through
our own restraint or sanctions against
Iran and through the actions that our
allies might take as well. There will be
decisions made among other countries,
important trade partners of Iran and
friends of ours, within the next week or
10 days, and I think if Iran sees that they
are not only suffering from a breach with
us, but face the prospect of being further
and further isolated in the world from the
other civilized nations, that this would be
an additional factor that might induce
them to act more quickly.
IRAN: THE HOSTAGE SITUATION AND THE
CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, in view of this report
that the Ayatollah does intend to keep
them captive until November, would this
free you up for a bit of campaigning, let's
say, before June 3d-California, Ohio,
New Jersey? Also, would it free you or
would you consider yourself able to leave
the area for, say, an economic speech in a
place like Detroit?
THE PRESIDENT. I've never foreclosed
the option at all of moving around the
United States to carry out the duties of
my office. I have refrained, and will for
the foreseeable future, from carrying
out-just assuming that the situation is
normalQ. Yes.
THE PRESIDENT. and as a partisan
candidate.
Q. That's why I separated the two.
THE PRESIDENT. I know. Well, I have
refrained from the latter. I have not foreclosed the option on the former for two
reasons. One is that there's an extraordinary circumstance of very serious crises
that afflict our Nation now-the Iranian
crisis, which we've just covered, the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan, the necessity for
me to act as a world leader and coordinating, as best I can, America's relation
with all other nations throughout the
world who want to help us, in varying degrees of importance, the very high inflation rates and interest rates which are
impacting adversely on our economy, the
dealing with Congress on matters of supreme importance, like energy. These
kinds of things, collectively, do require my
presence here in the White House more
than they have any time before in my
Presidency, or maybe even in a few preceding Presidencies, at least.
The other facet of the question is I am
the only spokesman for our country, as its
elected President, and it's important to me
and to the hostages to have America continue to focus our attention on the plight
of those hostages and convince the rest of
the world that for us, at least, this is just
as much a crisis as it was the first week
they were captured. If I should resume
business as usual, I don't think there's any
doubt that the press and the American
public and our European allies and others whom we are trying to get the support
of, would assume that this is not really a
very important matter anymore, that we
are willing to accept the status quo and
continued incarceration of the hostages.
So, I want to keep this a major issue in the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
consciousness of American people. If I
assumed the role of a routine political candidate, then I think that would be deleterious to that goal.
I might say that I recognize that, certainly at this point and for the last month
or 6 weeks, it's been very harmful to me
politically not to have been out campaigning in New York and Connecticut and
Pennsylvania, obviously, and other States.
I like to campaign. I would love to get
away from here and shake hands and have
townhall meetings and go into coal mines
and just areas where people have an intense interest in politics. This would be
very helpful to me.
All of the political analysts, I presume
almost all the news media, believe that
this is a harmful thing now. It may have
been that in January or February it was
helpful to be the focus of the Government
on the crisis. But I think lately, it's obvious that I'm losing votes and losing delegates that I could have gotten otherwise if
I was an active candidate. But in my judgment, my duties require me to be here
now, and I do not want to lessen the attention given to the hostages.
U.S. RESPONSE TO THE SOVIET INVASION
OF AFGHANISTAN
Q. Mr. President, on Afghanistan, can
we look for more American cutoffs of
sales of goods and technology to Russia
in addition to boycotting the Olympics?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know,
we've cut back 17 million tons of grain
that the Soviets very badly needed, and
we believe that they will only be able to
replace maybe 5 or 6 million tons of that,
which will leave them 10 or 12 million
tons short. This will mean that the Soviets
will be severely restrained on their production of all meat products. This grain
was primarily to be used as feed for
livestock.
We have refused to let the Soviets fish
in American waters, and they have a very
heavy fishery commitment in the past. We
have stopped the sale of all major products to the Soviet Union, like the construction of major plants, and any high
technology equipment is forbidden to be
sold to the Soviet Union much more
strictly than it was in the past.
In addition, we require an individual
item approval now on equipment going,
for instance, to the Soviet energy producing industry. And I think the greatest psychological blow to the Soviet Union will
be an effective Olympics boycott. It is going to be-the Soviet people don't even
know, through their Government, that
104 nations condemned the Soviets' invasion of Afghanistan and called for their
withdrawal from Afghanistan. The Soviet
people do not know that the world is expressing extreme displeasure against the
Soviets' invasion and occupation of
Afghanistan. It's going to be very difficult
for the Soviets to explain the Olympic
boycott, particularly if we are joined by
other nations like Germany, France,
Japan, China, and Canada.
They may explain away an American
absence from the boycott-I mean from
the Olympics-as an expression of displeasure or a military action to eliminate
detente and return to the cold war, but
they cannot explain if 10, 20, 30, 50 nations join in the boycott. And so, I think
that this combination of steps that we
have taken has impressed the Soviet
Union with the seriousness of their action.
The other point is that the Soviets have
also grossly underestimated the commitment and fighting capability of the
Afghan freedom-fighters. The Soviets had
anticipated a quick mop-up of any military opposition to their invasion, the es
747
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tablishment of a puppet government, and
then, perhaps, a major withdrawal of Soviet troops in just a few weeks. That has
not happened. As a matter of fact, the Soviets are at this moment still building
up their military troops in Afghanistan
and have conducted their operation with
a gross violation of human rights, including some very horrible atrocities.
So, the total combination of this effort
is to convince the Soviets that they cannot
invade another country with impunity,
that the adverse consequences of this invasion are very serious.
INFLATION AND PRODUCTIVITY
Q. Mr. President, what has your administration actually done to get at the
real cause of inflation, which many economists believe is lagging productivity?
THE PRESIDENT. It's good to remember that the increase in productivity of our
country has not continued, but the productivity of the American workers is still
the highest in the world. This is a fact
which is very seldom mentioned. We
would like to see the rate of productivity
continue to increase and for our economy
to continue to grow.
Ever since I've been in office, the American economy has always surprised us by
its strength. And even though in November, December, January, February, almost
all economists were predicting an immediate and quite severe recession, the figures,
even in the last day or two, on the gross
national product of our country indicate
that the economy is still growing and not
shrinking, as is the case in a recession for
two succeeding quarters.
But we do have indications now that
are fairly certain that we are entering a
recessionary period. We want to make sure
that this recession, when and if it comes,
will be mild and will be brief. What preys
on my mind constantly is the adverse effect, the damage, to individual American
people and their families by the consequences of inflation and the consequences
of recession.
The actions that I have taken with the
full cooperation of the Congress to control
inflation is already beginning to have
some effect. And I need not repeat what I
said earlier about the prospects for good
news in the summertime if those two provisions are met.
There are two or three industries that
are being severely hurt. One is, of course,
the homebuilding industry, and we have
taken actions to correct that. The second
one is the automobile industry, and they're
going through a phase of shifting from
gas-guzzlers to more efficient automobiles
in our country. We're doing everything we
can to help with that change. The farmers
are facing very high costs and also very
high interest rates.
INFLATION AND AGRICULTURE
Q. Won't that fuel inflation again with
farmers having the costs that they have
now? Doesn't that have to work its way
through the economic cycle the next year?
Aren't we going to face enormous food
price increases next year as a result of
what's happening right now?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't believe so.
Q. With the enormous interest rates
that farmers have to pay to buy seed?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't think so.
What we've done since I've been in
office, working very closely with the
farmers, is to increase enormously both
exports of American agricultural products
and also the storage of large quantities of
American grain on the farm. We have a
very good reserve supply of grain on the
American farms at this time, and our exports this year, even including the effect
748
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 2 1
of the Soviet embargo, will be extremely
high compared to any previous year. We'll
set an alltime world's record for exports.
We anticipate, before this year is over,
a substantial reduction in the inflation
rate. And the present grain and livestock
prices, in spite of very high inflation rates
in recent months, are very low. As a matter of fact, we suspect that the farmers
had it too low.
Q. When you say it's a substantial reduction, can you give us a number? Can
you say x percent?
THE PRESIDENT. I've already given you
a number, that if-I will repeat myselfI think if you look at the transcript of the
answer to the first question, you will see
that I was talking about an 8 percent or
more reduction, if these two things are
carried out. I'll be glad to repeat it if you
want me to.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY PRINCIPLES
Q. Mr. President, I have a political
question and a political followup, if I may.
For the first time in your life and our generation, people are saying that the Democratic Party is not qualified to manage the
fiscal affairs of this country. They used to
say that about Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, and they, of course,
elected Franklin Roosevelt.
But I was interested-I'd like to get
your views on the subject. I assume you
disagree, of course, and I'd like to get
your views on it. This week in Harrisburg,
Senator Kennedy said that you are trying
to out-Republican the Republican Party
and that if the Democratic Convention in
New York follows your lead and nominates you, the people will buy the real
thing instead of a carbon copy. What he is
saying, without saying it in so many words,
is that you would lose to Governor Reagan; he could beat Governor Reagan.
Would you address yourself to that-assuming that Governor Reagan is the
Republican nominee?
THE PRESIDENT. Apparently, so far,
the American Democrats disagree with
what Kennedy has said. Looking at the
delegate total makes that obvious. I'm not
predicting what's going to happen in the
future. What has fueled inflation, among
other things, is excessive government
spending and enormous deficits. When I
ran for President in '76, the deficit was
$66 billion, about 4'/2 percent of our
GNP. We're cutting it down now to a
balanced budget in '81, and even the '80
budget as originally proposed was about
one-half of 1 percent of the GNP.
Senator Kennedy is well known to be
the biggest spender in the Senate, possibly the biggest in the history of the Senate, and that directly fuels inflation. If
all of his proposals had been carried out
since he's been [in] the Senate-and I'm
thankful that they haven't-the deficit
would be enormous, and the inflation
would have been extremely high, even
without an OPEC price increase, possibly.
So, it's good for the American people to
remember that those who advocate enormous Federal programs to meet the desires of every audience would directly fuel
inflation to a catastrophic degree.
Also, the steps you take to control inflation are important. The only reduction
that I know of in Federal spending that
the Senator has advocated is a major cut
in defense at the very time, in my judgment, when we do not need to weaken
our country's defense. As far as the opinion
of Americans concerning the Democratic
Party and the Republican Party, on the
other hand, I think that's a decision that
would be made favorably to the Democrats in November.
We have inherited a very serious problem economically. Three years ago, when
749
Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I came into office, the steel industry was
on its knees. It's been greatly improved in
productivity, utilization of plant capacity,
of reductions in foreign imports. It still
has problems, but they're working with the
industry direct to correct them.
We've put 9 million new jobs among
the American people, I think 431,000
new jobs in Pennsylvania alone in the last
3 years. We've averaged home construction almost 2 million homes, units, built
per year. And this is the kind of Democratic economic policy that's given us a
continued strong economy, in spite of
enormous inflation brought about by
OPEC price increases.
The final thing I'd like to say is that
you've got to have some way to meet international and domestic challenges without
equivocation and without misleading the
American people. There are no easy answers; there are no magic solutions. There
are economic problems that pervade the
entire world. We have some candidates
who are advocating simplistic solutions.
Senator Kennedy, for instance, says all
you've got to do is have gasoline rationing
and all of our energy problems would go
away. Well, he's advocating as a goal, 11
gallons of gasoline per automobile. And
people that have to travel to and from
work need to stop and think, what will
that mean to their livelihood? The working people will be the ones to suffer, particularly those in the suburban and rural
areas that have to drive.
He's advocating wage and price controls. No other responsible person in Congress will back this ridiculous proposal.
Wage and price controls, even according
to Senator Kennedy, would not include
imported oil energy prices, it would not
include interest rates, it would not include
the price of food. The basic necessities of
life would not have their prices controlled,
even under Senator Kennedy's proposal.
What would be controlled is the same
thing that's always been controlled very
rigidly, and that's wages. So, the average
family, working family particularly, would
have its wages frozen without any possibility of having prices of the things that it
has to buy controlled at the same time.
So, the misleading statements that are
made during a political campaign, most
of them don't work on a permanent basis.
There may be some transient, temporary
benefit derived from a particular audience
that hears its hopes answered magically
by some sort of response from a candidate,
but in the cold analysis of what has got
to be done, there is no painless solution,
there is no quick solution, there is no
magic solution, there's no law you can pass
to eliminate inflation. And I believe the
American people's judgment is so sound
that they will penetrate the false claims,
misleading claims, and get to the truth of
the matter.
I would just like to say finally, in answer to this question, that the people have
been extraordinarily sound and patient
and wise in dealing with the Soviet Union,
in dealing with the Iranian problem, in
dealing with inflation, in dealing with
high interest rates. It's unbelievable almost, looking back on political history,
that an incumbent President could have
done as well as I have, particularly not out
campaigning. But I think the American
people see that we're in it together. It
takes a team effort to correct it, and
there's no doubt in my mind that a majority of the American people will support
a Democratic nominee in November.
SENATOR EDWARD M. KENNEDY
Q. Would you like to make big people
of us by telling us that Senator Kennedy
is putting self above country?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I wouldn't want
to say that, because I think he's just as
patriotic as I am. But it doesn't help un
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
der difficult times like this-you know,
when I had to decide just before the
Iowa caucus to impose a grain embargo,
it was obviously not a good thing to do for
Iowa farmers to lose 17 million tons of
sales. My Democratic opponent was
against grain embargo. We have — I don't
know what his position is on the Olympics
boycott, he's been on both sides of this
issue. When we decided to advocate registration for the draft, even to register
young men for the draft, he's opposed to
that.
There has to be some firmness in our
Nation's commitment in standing up for
our own principles, our own rights, and
there has to be some requirement that the
leader of our country take action and
make decisions even if they're unpopular
temporarily. But I believe the soundness
of the American people and their judgment will prevail.
NOTE: The interview began at 9:50 a.m. in
the Oval Office at the White House. Participants were Saul Kohler, Harrisburg News, Gil
Delaney, Lancaster Intelligencer-Journal, and
Joyce Hoffman, Allentown Sunday CallChronicle.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 21.
Department of Education
Nomination of Daniel B. Taylor To Be
Assistant Secretary for Adult and Vocational
Education. April 21, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Daniel B. Taylor, of
Lexington, Mass., as Assistant Secretary
of Education for Adult and Vocational
Education. Taylor is currently senior lecturer at the Harvard Graduate School of
Education in Cambridge, Mass., a position he has held since July 1979.
He was born October 2, 1933, in Connellsville, Pa. He received a B.A. degree
from the University of Iowa in 1957, an
M.A. degree from West Virginia University in 1962, and an Ed. D. degree from
West Virginia University in 1965. He
served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to
1956.
Taylor taught high school in Connellsville, Pa., from 1958 to 1963. From 1964
to 1965, he served as administrative assistant to the superintendent of schools in
Plainfield, N.J. From 1965 to 1966, he
was assistant superintendent of schools in
Wood County, W. Va., and from 1966 to
1970, he was superintendent of schools
there. From 1970 to 1979, he was State
superintendent of schools for West Virginia.
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Announcement of the Recipients of the Award
for 1980. April 21, 1980
The President today announced the
1980 recipients of the Nation's highest
civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom.
Four of the 14 medals will be awarded
posthumously.
The Presidential Medal of Freedom
was initiated in 1945 to recognize Americans who have made an especially meritorious contribution to "(1) the security
or national interests of the United States,
or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or
other significant public or private
endeavors."
The awards ceremony is scheduled to
take place at the White House on June 9.
The recipients are:
ANSEL ADAMS, photographer;
The Late RACHEL CARSON, scientist and author;
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Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
LUCIA CHASE, director, American Ballet
Theater;
The Late HUBERT HUMPHREY, Vice President,
U.S. Senator, and mayor;
ARCHBISHOP IAKOVOS, Greek Orthodox
Church of North and South America;
The Late PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON;
CLARENCE MITCHELL, JR., retired director of
the NAACP's Washington bureau;
ROGER TORY PETERSON, ornithologist, author;
ADM. HYMAN RICKOVER, Director, Division of
Naval Reactors, U.S. Energy Research and
Development Administration, and Deputy
Commander for Nuclear Propulsion, Naval
Systems Sea Command;
BEVERLY SILLS, coloratura soprano, general
director, New York City Opera Company;
ROBERT PENN WARREN, writer, Pulitzer Prize
winner;
The Late JOHN WAYNE, actor;
EUDORA WELTY, author, Pulitzer Prize winner;
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, playwright.
Department of Housing and
Urban Development
Nomination of A. Russell Marane To Be a
Member of the Board of Directors of the New
Community Development Corporation.
April 21, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate A. Russell Marane, of Atlanta, Ga., to be a member of the Board
of Directors of the New Community Development Corporation. He would
replace William J. White.
Marane is currently a consultant at the
Department of Housing and Urban Development and is a former Regional Administrator of HUD for region IV.
He was born September 17, 1939, in
Chattanooga, Tenn. He received a B.B.A.
from the University of Tennessee in 1964
and took graduate studies in public administration at Memphis State University.
From 1969 to 1971, Marane was urban
renewal director for the Chattanooga
Housing Authority, where he was responsible for the planning and execution of
three urban renewal projects. From 1972
to 1974, he was chief planner for Collredo
Associates, a planning consultancy firm
in Memphis.
From 1974 to 1977, Marane was assistant vice president of Hensley-Schmidt, an
Atlanta consulting engineering firm. He
was responsible for the firm's business development program and for managing the
firm's urban and environmental planning
division. He was Regional Administrator
of HUD for region IV from 1977 to 1979.
International Year of the Child
Remarks on Receiving the Final Report of
the National Commission. April 21, 1980
JEAN YOUNG. Mr. President, first of all,
we greet you. We're delighted to be here
with you, the commissioners, the honorary commissioners, the staff, and, most
importantly of all, the children. We have
with us a few of the representatives of
the United States, these children and
young people-David Barron, Judy
Andrews, Steve Dunne, Todd Grant, and
Coral Watt. And these young people
would like to present to you, first, their
action report.
THE PRESIDENT. Very fine.
Miss WATT. Mr. President, we are very
pleased to present to you the book "No
Time for Mud Pies." Please don't judge
this book by its cover, since it contains a
lot of serious ideas and recommendations.
This report summarizes the efforts of 25
young people, aged 10 to 18, serving on
the Childrens' Advisory Panel to the National Commission on the International
Year of the Child. The major areas
covered include fear and violence, educa
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
tion, social problems, and a proposal for
a national chamber of youth. These issues
are of major concern to young people
throughout the country.
MR. DUNNE. These recommendations
are the result of two intense meetings and
long deliberations by the Panel. We genuinely hope you will consider our report
carefully and will take specific actions as
a result of our report. Adults and young
people really need to listen to each other
and hear each other more often. We hope
you will become more aware of the effect
of your decisions on young people in this
Nation, and that everything you do
changes the world that we will inherit.
Miss ANDREWS. Mr. President, we'd
like to present this book to you with
concern and love.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
I appreciate this. Can I say a word?
MRS. YOUNG. Okay, in just a minute.
[Laughter] We have the full Commission
report we'd also like to present to you.
THE PRESIDENT. Okay.
MRS. YOUNG. This document was done
exclusively by the young people, and the
Commission also did a little bit of work.
[Laughter]
Childhood evokes for most of us images
of joy and laughter and play of bright,
healthy children surrounded by a warm
and loving family. But the harsh realities
of life for millions of children, not only
around the world but also here in the
United States, contrasts starkly with those
images, as you well know.
During 1979, the International Year
of the Child, the National Commission
undertook to become the eyes and ears of
the American people on issues affecting
children. Now as we give voice to what
the people said through this document,
we do not profess to have found all the
answers, but we know we have asked the
right questions. The basic one is: Can we
afford to neglect the needs of children?
And the answer from everywhere came:
No.
We are not calling our report a final
report. There was nothing final about the
Year of the Child. It was only a beginning.
In these pages, we share with you some
of the many marvelous efforts of individuals and groups to observe the Year of
the Child. The challenge is to continue
what they have begun.
We issue this challenge to you, Mr.
President, as leader of our Nation and primary architect of our national policy. We
also issue the challenge to each and every
citizen of this great Nation to assume new
responsibility for assuring the well-being
of all of our children.
In making our recommendations we
fully understand national budgetary concerns. But our task was not to formulate
an entire national agenda, establish a
timetable, or plan every step along the
way. Our role has been, above all, to
speak on behalf of children. This report
is about what children need. Our Nation
has no responsibility more important than
this. After thoroughly examining this
document, I hope you will feel, as we do,
how urgent it is for you and Congress to
set concrete goals and timetables for
beginning to accomplish some of the recommendations that we have set forth.
Your demonstrated commitment, through
initiatives you are already supporting,
persuades us that you can be successful
in making important changes in the lives
of all our children.
These recommendations come from
Americans all over this country. We heard
the people. They are out there. They are
indeed prepared to support you. Mr.
President, we, the National Commission,
present this document with humility and
with our deep, abiding commitment to
children everywhere. And we would like
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Apr. 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
to express personal thanks to you and
Mrs. Carter, your staffs; to our deeply
committed commissioners, honorary commissioners, executive director, and our
staff; to the thousands of unheralded
volunteers throughout the country; and
a special thanks to all the children everywhere, including my own. And we would
also like to give you this token of
remembrance.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
There are more than 1 /2 billion children
in the world and much more than 50
million children in our own country, who
have benefited greatly during this last
year from the commitment and dedication
and unselfishness of people like Jean
Young and representatives of more than
150 nations, who've worked together to
bring the world's attention to the special
problems and opportunities of additional
attention being given to children and their
problems and the chances they have to
live a better life.
People in our embassies all over the
world have participated, as well, in this
United States analysis of what could be
done during the International Year of the
Child. I know that as a parent myself,
Rosalynn and I look at Amy with a great
deal of love and also hope, that in the future her opportunities will be even greater
than they are already in our great country.
We've got serious problems, however.
We have special programs before the Congress now, some derived from this analysis
and some derived from other sources-a
special CHAPS program to give better
health care for children, particularly preventive health care; a steady and diagnostic action, particularly for the poor
children, to make sure they don't become
afflicted with preventable diseases; and
our youth initiative, which will provide
many hundreds of thousands of jobs for
young people in the future, above and
beyond what we do already.
Next year, as one of the recommendations here, I intend to declare a special
day or week for the recognition of the
problems of the children, and we also will
make sure that our Commission on the
Arts and Humanities will honor the best
public broadcasting programs that will
emphasize the problems of the children.
Livingston Biddle has already been eager
to work on this, along with the Vice President's wife, Joan. And I think this effort
to continue both the public awareness and
the tangible benefits from the International Year of the Child studies will be of
great benefit not only to children but to
all citizens of our country.
In closing, let me say that I'm particularly grateful that not only adults but
young people participated in this study. It
keeps us humble, and it keeps our feet on
the ground when we have to have our
own premises and theories challenged by
the young ones that we hope to serve and
hope to benefit. So in closing, Jean, let me
express my deep thanks to you. This committee, particularly in our country, has
functioned under some very severe difficulties. When I went to the United Nations more than a year ago, to spend a day
working on problems of the entire world,
I was invited to go to Jean's apartment.
She spent a lot of time telling me about
problems with the International Year of
the Child movement. And we formed a
close partnership there, and ultimately we
prevailed over the obstacles that presented
themselves. But her tenacity and her courage, combined with that of many others,
has made this event and this study a very
good success.
This is not the end of our country's
commitment to young people. More than
a million American children suffer every
year directly from abuse and neglect.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 21
More than 10 million young American
children suffer from inadequate health
care of a tangible and specific form. These
kinds of abuses can be corrected. And I'm
grateful again to be part of an effort that
I believe will bring benefits to our Nation
now, and for many years in the future.
Thank you again. Good luck to you. You
all did a good job.
NOTE: Jean C. Young, Chairman of the National Commission on the International Year
of the Child, 1979, spoke at 1:38 p.m. at the
ceremony in the Cabinet Room at the White
House.
United States Ambassador
to Mexico
Remarks During a Meeting With the U.S.
Ambassador. April 21, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I would like to say to
the press and to the American people that
we are very delighted to have Dr. Julian
Nava here, who will be our new Ambassador to Mexico. No one who understands
international affairs, particularly with
our neighbors, would underestimate the
importance of this assignment.
Dr. Nava has devoted his entire professional life to studying the interrelationships among people in the North American continent. He's a specialist on
Mexican-American affairs. He is, by the
way, the first person of Mexican descent
to serve in this capacity. And he will bring
to this extremely important post not only
a knowledge of the language but also a
knowledge of the history that binds our
peoples together and the importance of
this relationship between two great
countries.
We do have many problems that exist
between our two countries and, of course,
the opportunities outweigh the problems.
Economically, politically, we are closely
bound together. Trade opportunities are
just beginning to be felt by the people of
the two nations on an equal basis and, of
course, Mexico is playing an increasingly
important role in international affairs
throughout the world. To have a strong
and able and knowledgeable spokesman in
Mexico City, representing our Nation,
will be of great benefit to our own country. And I'm very grateful that Dr. Nava
has agreed to take this important post.
Buena ventura y vaya con Dios. [Good
luck, and may God be with you.]
AMBASSADOR NAVA. Muchas gracias,
Senor Presidente.
THE PRESIDENT. Would you like to say
a word, Mr. Ambassador?
AMBASSADOR NAVA. Thank you. I feel
deeply honored by the selection made by
the President of me as the United States
Ambassador to Mexico. I have communicated to friends on this side of the border
and on the other side of the border that,
notwithstanding many of the unresolved
questions and issues that lie ahead, the
most important single question in my
mind is: What is the real question to ask?
And I believe it may very well be how in
the Western Hemisphere sister republics,
sister democracies, dedicated to an open
life and government representative of and
respectful of the rights of individuals, can
advance each others' interests in a
mutually respectful manner. And therefore, knowing Mexico well and knowing
my own country well, it will be one of the
most significant undertakings in my life to
be the personal representative of the President of the United States in one of the
most important countries with which we
have relations in today's world.
Thank you very much, Mr. Presidentand my family, my wife, Patricia, Carmen
and Katie and Paul, are all going to be
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Apr. -21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
representatives of the United States in
Mexico.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
SECRETARY VANCE. Let me just say
that we are fortunate, indeed, to have Dr.
Julian Nava as our Ambassador to Mexico. This, as the President has said, is one
of the key posts in the Foreign Service. It
is one of the largest posts. It has a multitude of complex problems to deal with,
and our relationship with Mexico is of
paramount importance to us. So, the person that we have in this post is of the
utmost importance to our Nation, and we
are fortunate, indeed, to have Julian taking on this job.
AMBASSADOR NAVA. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3: 02 p.m. in the
Oval Office at the White House, where he met
with Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance, Ambassador Nava, and Robert Krueger, Ambassador at Large and Coordinator for Mexican
Affairs. Following the meeting, a reception
honoring the new Ambassador was held in the
Roosevelt Room. Earlier in the day, Ambassador Nava was sworn in at the State Department.
United States-Malta Treaty on
Income Taxes
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Treaty. April 21, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for Senate advice
and consent to ratification, the Treaty between the United States of America and
the Republic of Malta with Respect to
Taxes on Income, together with a related
exchange of notes, signed at Valletta on
March 21, 1980. For the information of
the Senate, I also transmit the report of
the Department of State with respect to
the Treaty.
For the most part, the Treaty follows
the pattern of the United States model income tax convention, although there are
some deviations from the model to accommodate Malta's status as a developing
country. For example, in the Treaty, business profits of an enterprise of one country
may be taxed by the other only if they
are attributable to a permanent establishment in the other country. However, the
definition of a permanent establishment is
somewhat more broadly drawn in the
Treaty than in the model convention.
The Treaty contains the usual rules relating to real property income, shipping
income, capital gains, the treatment of entertainers, students, teachers, pensioners
and governmental employees, and nondiscrimination and administrative cooperation.
The accompanying exchange of notes
sets forth certain understandings between
the two Governments.
I recommend that the Senate give early
and favorable consideration to the Treaty
and give advice and consent to its ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 21, 1980.
United States Tax Court
Nomination of Two Judges. April 22, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate two persons to be judges
of the United States Tax Court for the
terms of 15 years. They are:
Sheldon V. Ekman, of Westport, Conn.,
who is presently a partner in the New
York City law firm of Reavis & McGrath.
Ekman was born March 12, 1920, in
Manchester, N.H. He received a B.A.
degree from Harvard in 1939 and an
LL.B. degree from Harvard Law School
756
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 22
in 1942. From 1945 to 1950, he was a trial
attorney with the Internal Revenue Service. From 1950 to 1969, he was with the
firm of S. D. Leidesdorf & Co., and since
1969 he has been with Reavis & McGrath.
Since 1979, Ekman has served as adjunct
professor of law and taxation at New
York University, and he is chairman of
the advisory committee of the New York
University Institute on Federal Taxation.
He would replace William Drennen, who
has retired.
Edna Gaynell Parker, of Arlington,
Va., who has been a special trial judge of
the U.S. Tax Court since 1977. Parker
was born October 30, 1930, in Johnston
County, N.C. She received a B.A. degree
from New Jersey College for Women in
1953 and an LL.B. degree from George
Washington University in 1957. She was a
law clerk to the late Judge Madden and
the late Chief Judge Jones of the U.S.
Court of Claims from 1957 to 1959 and
from 1960 to 1969, she was a trial attorney with the Justice Department. From
1969 to 1977, she served as an administrative judge on the Contract Appeals Board
of the Transportation Department. She
would replace William Quealy, who has
resigned.
United States Air Force
Academy
Appointment of Two Members of the Board
of Visitors. April 22, 1980
The President today announced that he
has appointed two persons to be members
of the Board of Visitors of the United
States Military Academy, for terms expiring December 31, 1982. They are: William Park Lemmond, Jr., of Prince
George, Va., an attorney in private practice and military aide de camp to the Gov
ernor of Virginia; and Harry W. Low, of
San Francisco, a judge of the Superior
Court of California.
Lemmond will replace Douglas P. Bennett, whose term has expired, and Low
will replace Robert Kaufman, whose term
has expired.
Visit of the King and
Queen of Belgium
Toasts at a Luncheon Honoring King
Baudouin I and Queen Fabiola.
April 22, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. This is indeed a great
pleasure and an honor for us to have all
of you as guests with us at the White
House, and particularly to welcome distinguished visitors, Their Majesties the
King and Queen of the Belgians, King
Baudouin and Queen Fabiola.
Twenty-one years ago, as a matter of
fact, His Majesty came to our country for
his first visit. A year later, he came back
and brought his Queen. And since then,
they've been frequent visitors to our country. With friends like these, it's obvious
that fond memories and strong friendships
are built. And this is a special occasion,
when we face a world which is rapidly
changing, where intense rivalries, sometimes hatreds, are focused, where the past
is difficult to understand and the future
almost impossible to predict, to have a
stable factor in our lives, built on mutual
understanding, mutual commitment, mutual principles, and a common belief in a
secure future built on strong friendships.
We were honored in 1978-my wife
and I and members of our Governmentto visit with Their Majesties in Brussels.
It was a delightful experience. We had a
long and very intimate and very productive conversation. I don't think the world
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Apr. 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
events since then were the result of that
conversation; we won't be responsible for
that. [Laughter] But we learned a lot from
one another and had a chance to enjoy the
hospitality of the Belgian people.
This is a special visit for Their Majesties
and the distinguished Ministers from Belgium to come here, because this is a celebration of their 150th anniversary of the
founding of their nation as an independent
and united entity. However, our friendship with the Belgian people and with
their country goes back far beyond, earlier
than 150 years ago.
As a matter of fact, as early as 1803,
the United States had one of its Government agencies in the port city of Antwerp,
and 17 years later, in 1820, we established
our first consulate there. And then 10
years later we celebrated with the Belgians
their formation of a nation.
This has been a very productive relationship for us. We were very delighted, as
a very senior and statesmanlike and mature nation of 53 or 54 years, to welcome
this new nation into existence[laughter]-and we've enjoyed a good big
brothers, equal relationship since then.
I'm very grateful to know that we have
this friendship with the Belgian people.
We had an opportunity Sunday night
to see the most remarkable exhibitions of
fireworks combined with lovely music in
an inspirational event that I've ever seen
in my life. We had large groups of Americans who were here, both as residents of
Washington and as tourists, who saw the
initiation of this celebration of art and
culture in an exhibit that will be going
across our country as the "Belgium Today" exhibit for the next 6 weeks.
I think it's good for us to look back
upon the last 150 years and realize that
the strong friendship, that has been so
mutually beneficial, has never flagged.
We've been through difficult times to
gether. We've been through two devastating World Wars as comrades in arms,
when our soldiers fought shoulder to
shoulder for the preservation of freedom
and liberty. We were committed together,
we suffered together, we triumphed together because of the courage of the people who fought for us and for a common
and secure future.
We learned in that time the value of
strong alliances, and we learned in that
time the devastating impact of divisiveness and of a lack of commitment and of
a lack of will to preserve the peace. Now,
with the NATO Alliance and with the
Belgians as our close and staunch allies,
we again are committed to peace through
strength, and it's very reassuring to us to
know that the preservation of the peace is
paramount for us all.
We believe in the idea of diversity in a
context of unity. We honor one another in
the difference in perspective, in the difference in geographical location, a different
relationship with our immediate neighbors, and different goals among our people. But that diversity is well understood,
and it's built on mutual respect and a realization that within the concept of unity
that right to diversity can be nourished
and enjoyed.
I would like to say that we also share
with Belgium a realization of the value of
a major city which is a crossroads of the
diplomatic and the economic world. In
Brussels and in New York, in Washington
and in Geneva, and in only a very tiny
additional number of cities in the world
is this advantage realized. And through
this interrelationship among nations that
takes place within the breast of a city can
come, among the people surrounding that
city in a nation, a concept of understanding one another and a concept of differences that can divide people, but can be
harnessed if wisdom and patience and
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 23
generosity and unselfishness is present for
a common purpose of realizing beneficial
common goals.
When His Majesty was in this house on
his first visit 21 years ago, he said, "We
stand together in peace for peace." And
that statement has been the guiding commitment which has been so beneficial to
our people since that time. In a time of
challenge, with armed invasion threatening the peace of Southwest Asia, with terrorism a constant preoccupation of statesmen and leaders and the people, with economic threats to the security and the wellbeing of our people, those kinds of prospects strengthen us in our common commitment and let us realize much more
vividly the value of amity and of mutual
support and of cooperation.
Again, let me say that all of us welcome Their Majesties to our Nation. And
I would like to ask all of you to rise and
join me in a toast: To Their Majesties the
King and Queen of the Belgians, to a great
nation, built on courage and a desire for
peace, and to the people whom they lead.
THE KING. Mr. President, first of all,
I wish to thank you and Mrs. Carter
for the wonderful hospitality that you
have so kindly extended to us on this beautiful spring day. I wish also, Mr. President, to convey to you my heartfelt thanks
for the kind words you have just expressed
to the Queen and myself and towards my
country.
It is important to us that our two nations maintain the excellent relations
which many years of close cooperation
have unceasingly strengthened. The harsh
lessons of our history have led us to enter
the Alliance, and Belgium is aware of the
immense benefits of the security resulting
from its NATO membership. Within such
an organization, friendship cannot exist
without solidarity, and in times of hardship, one judges the solidity of both. Our
country does not ignore this fact.
At the present time, the United States
suffers the consequences of a flagrant violation of international law. Other disturbing events appear elsewhere in the world.
No doubt, Mr. President, that Belgium
understands fully the importance of what
is at stake and also knows where its duty
lies.
I ask you, ladies and gentlemen, to raise
your glass to the health of the President
and Mrs. Carter and to the prosperity of
the United States of America.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1: 36 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Department of Education
Nomination of Edwin W. Martin, Jr., To Be
Assistant Secretary for Special Education and
Rehabilitative Services. April 23, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Edwin W. Martin,
Jr., of McLean, Va., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Special Education
and Rehabilitative Services, a new position. Martin has been Deputy Commissioner for the Education of the Handicapped at the U.S. Office of Education
(USOE) since 1974.
He was born September 3, 1931, in
Oceanside, N.Y. He received an A.B. from
Muhlenburg College in 1953, an M.A.
from the University of Alabama in 1955,
and a Ph. D. in speech pathology from
the University of Pittsburgh in 1961.
From 1955 to 1957, Martin was an instructor in the department of speech at
the University of Alabama, and from 1960
to 1966, he was codirector of the speech
and hearing clinic there. In 1966 he served
as director of the U.S. House of Representatives ad hoc subcommittee on the
handicapped.
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Apr. 23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Martin has been at USOE since 1967.
He served as Deputy Director of the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped
from 1967 to 1970 and as Director of that
office and Associate Commissioner of Education from 1970 to 1976.
Sanctions Against Iran
Statement by the White House Press Secretary
on a Decision by the European Community.
April 23, 1980
I have a brief statement on the action
yesterday by the European Community.
We welcome the EC Nine Foreign Ministers' decision to support our efforts to
free the hostages by invoking the sanctions against Iran embodied in the U.N.
Security Council resolution, vetoed by the
Soviet Union last January.
Some of the European Community
member states will require legislation. to
give effect to sanctions, and they have
undertaken to obtain that legislation by
May 17. We are hopeful that the necessary legislation will be promptly enacted
so that the nations will be able to carry
out their commitments to impose sanctions unless decisive progress has been
made toward releasing the hostages, which
we assume means release from Iranian
control.
In the meantime, diplomatic staffs will
be reduced, and visas will be required for
Iranians traveling to EC countries. Military sales will be banned. We are awaiting
the necessary parliamentary action as we
give great importance to the joint action
of all the European Community countries
in this effort.
I just might add to that, that this action
by the European Community does underscore to the Iranians the extent to which
continuing to hold the hostages isolates
them in world opinion.
NOTE: Press Secretary Jody Powell spoke at
12:30 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the White House.
Petroleum Import Adjustment
Program
Proclamation 4751. April 23, 1980
AMENDMENT TO PROCLAMATION 4744
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of
the United States, including Section 232
of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as
amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and the
Emergency Petroleum Allocation Act of
1973, as amended (15 U.S.C. 751 et seq.),
Proclamation 4744, as amended, is hereby
amended as follows:
Section 1-101. Section 3-101 of Proclamation 4744, as amended, is amended
by redesignating paragraph (c) and (d)
and by the addition of a new paragraph
(c) to read:
"(c) The Secretary may make such
adjustments to the requirements imposed
by this Proclamation, as are necessary to
prevent special hardship; provided, however, that no such adjustments shall be
made with respect to the obligation to
purchase or sell entitlements imposed by
Section 2-1 of this Proclamation or the
obligation to pay the gasoline conservation fees required by Section 1-1 of this
Proclamation."
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand on this twenty-third
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 24
day of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:20 p.m., April 23, 1980]
Energy Mobilization Board
Legislation
White House Statement on Action by the
House and Senate Conference Committee.
April 23, 1980
The President is pleased with the progress that was made today in conference
committee on the energy mobilization
board (EMB). It now appears that a
sound and workable bill will soon be on
the President's desk.
The tentative conference committee
agreement meets the criteria the President
set forth for an effective EMB:
-Consolidated judicial review to prevent years of delay in duplicative
court suits;
-"Streamlining" provisions to cut
through procedural redtape;
-An effective "grandfather" provision
to keep critical national energy projects from being brought to a standstill by changes in law and regulation
adopted after construction begins.
The conference compromise also contains provisions authorizing substantive
law changes through an expedited legislative procedure-for no more than 12 projects per Congress, under limited circumstances and after full review by
appropriate congressional committees and
the Congress as a whole. While the administration has consistently opposed bypassing the normal legislative process for sub
stantive law changes and continues to
hold that position, we believe that this
procedure, which fully protects the right
of congressional committees to approve
proposed changes in substantive laws,
comes so close to the normal legislative
process that its inclusion should not be a
reason for further delay in enacting a bill.
The President appreciates the effort of
Senators Johnston, Jackson, and
Domenici, together with Congressmen
Dingell, Staggers, Brown, for their leadership on this important energy legislation.
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Editors and Broadcasters of Harte-Hanks
Communications. April 23,1980
THE PRESIDENT. I think for the first
couple of minutes the national press will
come in, and then we'll have a chance for
questions. What I habitually do in these
sessions is to outline in just a few words
some of the key issues that are important
to me as President at this time, and then
spend the rest of the period answering
questions from you.
THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
I think today I'd like to emphasize the
concern that we have about the economy,
which is a burning issue for me and for
the Congress and for the entire Nation.
We have put forward, a number of
weeks ago now, a very strong and, I believe, ultimately successful anti-inflation
program, with five major components,
one of which puts the responsibility on
the Congress to cut down Federal spending by roughly $15 billion, leading toward
a balanced budget for 1981. And of
course, credit restraints and other ac
761
Apr. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tions have also given the Nation a message that we are indeed able and willing
and determined to impose self-discipline,
not only on the Federal Government but
also the ancillary parts of our economic
society that can shape the tone of transactions in the future.
We've recently seen results of this effort and other trends. I think you noticed
that the prime rate was dropped this
morning a full half percentage point by
some of the leading banks. Ordinarily
this action is decided on Fridays, and in
general, since April 4, we've seen a reduction in interest rates; everything except the prime has been quite rapidly
coming down. We don't know what the
ultimate trends will be, but we are having
some beneficial signals.
The other part of it, however, is that
we are faced with increasing constraints
on the economy and its growth and also
with serious problems in the housing and
automobile industry and, perhaps, a few
others. Farmers are heavily impacted by
high interest rates. We've taken actions in
all three of these areas and others to try
to minimize the damage to American
homes, American families, as we go
through a transition period from extremely high inflation and interest [rates] to
a tighter and slower growing American
economy.
This is a worldwide problem, with high
inflation, high interest rates. And the
crux of the matter, as some of you know
who are from Texas, is how we handle
the energy question. I hope in a few weeks
the Congress will have completed all of
its major legislative tasks concerning
developing for our country a national
energy policy with phased deregulation,
a decontrol of both oil and natural gas,
and some commitment to conservation
and to the development of alternative
forms of energy.
I'd be glad to answer any questions that
you might have on these or other matters,
and then I would like to save about 5 minutes toward the end so that I can greet
every one of you individually and maybe
get a photograph.
QUESTIONS
IRAN: EFFECTS ON THE PRESIDENT S
PRIMARY CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, I'm Dick Gorrell
from Anderson, South Carolina. Could
the close race in Pennsylvania and the results of the Vermont caucus be a sign that
voters are rejecting your Rose Garden
campaign, and will you now face the
voters in person in Texas and in other
States?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't intend to
campaign during the primary season until
we've resolved the hostage question.
I'm not trying to project a tie vote in
Pennsylvania as a victory; I understand
that with about 30 or 40 thousand votes
still to be counted, there's only a 3,000
vote difference. But I think that because
of the very adverse economic news and
the problems with the Iranian Government holding our hostages, terrorists holding our hostages, that that strong a show
of support for me is actually encouraging.
We, last night, won 60 delegates in
Missouri. I think Senator Kennedy got
10, and 7 are undecided or uncommitted,
and we are likely to get some of those in
the future. And it was almost exactly a
tie in Pennsylvania. We lost by, I think,
two delegates in New Hampshire [Vermont].' So last night we had another
strong show of support, and looking at
the mathematics of it, Senator Kennedy
would have to get a little over 70 percent
' White House correction.
762
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 24
of all the remaining delegates, including
those in North Carolina, Tennessee, and
Texas, in order to get a majority of the
delegates.
So, I was not discouraged last night. I
think it was a very strong show of support
under the circumstances. And I think in
order to take care of a very complex international and national series of crises
that, coincidentally, are on us at the same
time, and to maintain the commitment in
our Nation to dealing with the Iranian
situation as a crisis equal to what it was
when the hostages were first taken, that
it's better for me to stay here and not
campaign during the primary season.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY CAMPAIGN
Q. Mr. President, Bob Rhodes, Corpus
Christi. With Senator Kennedy's intention to stay in the race all the way through
the convention, can the candidate who
finally emerges survive that deep division
in the Democratic Party, or are you on
some kind of a death wish?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I think the answer is yes, I can survive. The Democratic
Party has a history of sharp divisions or
divisiveness taking place during the primary contests, and most of the time, even
throughout our Nation, Democratic candidates have done well. I have no fear of
that. I think it is important to point out
that we are committed to abiding by the
rules of the Democratic Party and, also,
I will honor the judgment of the American people and support the nominee if it
should not be myself. And I hope that
eventually Senator Kennedy will make the
same decision, that is, to abide by the
Democratic Party rules and to support me
and Fritz Mondale if we are the nominees
of the party.
I think that we'll prevail in November,
the Democratic nominees. We don't yet
know who will be the Republican candidate. Governor Reagan is ahead, but this
is a volatile year, and rapidly changing
attitude among voters has been evident
from one week to another. So, I look
forward to the rest of the primary season
and to the general election season with a
great deal of anticipation and confidence.
Q. Does it bother you that as an incumbent President you are being challenged by someone from your own party?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I would prefer to
have it otherwise. [Laughter] This is the
first time in more than 30 years, I might
point out, that a Democratic incumbent
President has had to take care of the
duties of the office, which are formidable,
and also at the same time run a primary
campaign. It obviously complicates my
life; it's difficult. But I think the issues are
being debated, and although we are in a
period of adverse economic news every
week, we've still done very well under the
circumstances. If you think back 8 months
ago or 9 months ago, there was a general
belief that I would be defeated handily
if Senator Kennedy decided to be a candidate. I think the results since then have
proven otherwise, so I have a feeling of
gratitude to the American people and
confidence that I can win this year.
IRAN: U.S. SUPPORT FROM ALLIES
Q. Jennifer Allen, Corsicana, Texas.
Mr. President, is the kind of support we're
beginning to receive from our allies, such
as Japan and Great Britain, sufficient to
effect the eventual release of the hostages
in Iran, and, if not, how long and how far
are we willing to go it alone?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, we've not really
gone it alone up until this point. We've
had two unanimous votes in the U.N.
Security Council to condemn the Iranian
action and to encourage them to release
763
Apr. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the hostages. We had a vote in the Security Council to impose very rigid sanctions
against Iran, and the vote was unanimous
except that the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia cast negative votes, which has
the effect of a veto.
But during that period of time, we had
the support of our allies and their willingness to impose the sanctions if we chose.
We've gone through phases of trying co
negotiate the release of our hostages
peacefully and without any confrontation
with the Iranian officials. Even as short
as a few weeks ago, the Revolutionary
Council, the President of Iran, the Foreign Minister of Iran, even the terrorists
who are holding our hostages, announced
that they would be transferred from the
control of the hostages [terrorists]2 to the
Government. And we made this announcement to the American people following a public address by the President
of Iran, Bani-Sadr, to that effect.
Subsequently, two members of the Revolutionary Council reversed their positions, and unanimity no longer prevailed,
and the Ayatollah Khomeini made a decision that they would not be released. But
we've gone through these phases, and I
think that our allies have been patient
along with us.
Recently, I have specifically asked the
allies to go ahead and take action of a
diplomatic and an economic nature, to
be defined by them, to encourage the
Iranian Government officials to work toward the release of the hostages and their
return to freedom, so that we could end
this crisis and protect the hostages as well.
I think the action taken by the European Community yesterday-although I
would prefer that they had taken stronger
action and more immediate action-is
2 White House correction.
compatible with their systems of government, and although some of the nations
were willing to go further and quicker,
there is an advantage in their maintaining unanimity among them. I think their
action, whatever it is, is more effective
with the whole community being in favor
of it. I think that best summarizes my response. They are independent and autonomous and very proud nations, and we
have not made any ultimatums to them
and not tried to embarrass them. I think
they are giving us support, as has been
made public, that's best under the circumstances.
IRAN: U.S. OPTIONS FOR THE RELEASE OF
THE HOSTAGES
Q. You said that the process with Iran
has gone in phases.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. What phase would you foresee coming next?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, the last economic actions that we took-to stop all
transactions with Iran and the visiting
back and forth from Iran, and the preceeding actions that we took shortly before that-to break diplomatic relations
with Iran, and to impose restraints on
visas, and also to impose economic sanctions officially and to, in effect, set aside
$8 billion or more of their money for
future claims by private citizens, the Government, or corporations in our Nationall were very serious matters and actions.
And that's one thing that we'd like to see
impress itself upon the Iranian Government officials. The other, of course, is our
being joined by our allies. And the realization in Iran that they are becoming increasingly isolated, at least from the Western World, I hope will have a sobering
effect on them.
764
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 24
We have to reserve the option to take
other action if we deem necessary. And I
don't think it would be appropriate for
me to go any further than to refer back
to the November 20 statement that described the options that we have, including-I think the phrase was "interruption
of commerce."
But we are an aggrieved party, and it's
important that the American people not
forget that militant terrorists, with the
permission and encouragement of the official Government of Iran, are holding
captive innocent American citizens in
violation of every international law, diplomatic processes, and human decency. It's
a crime, and to me it's just as much a
crisis now as it was the first week the
hostages were captured.
IRAN: THE SAFETY OF THE HOSTAGES AND
THE NATIONAL HONOR
Q. Mr. President, I'm Paul McGonigle
from KOY-AM, Phoenix. At what point
may we have to make a decision-the
lives of the hostages may have to be jeopardized to take action to bring this to
an end?
THE PRESIDENT. That's a judgment the
President will have to make. And I've been
faced with that question every day, and
I've tried to make the best judgment I
could under the changing circumstances
about how to protect the integrity and the
honor and the interest of our Nation and,
combined with that, the lives and safety of
the hostages and work toward the hostages' release.
I don't think that we've violated the
honor of our Nation; I don't think we've
violated our commitment to protect the
lives and safety of the hostages. We have
not been successful, obviously, in securing
their release, but I can't give you a time
schedule. I think that would be inappropriate. If I had a time schedule worked
out in my mind, I don't think it would be
good to reveal it.
Q. Is there an action that might precipitate something like that?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, obviously a
change in the status of our hostages, either
a partial release to control of the Government itself or any sort of punitive action against our hostages, have been two
factors that I've had to consider from the
beginning. I think the second of those was
described in the November 20 statement, which we drafted very carefully.
Every now and then I have to go back
and remind myself of the original threats:
that the hostages would be tried as spies
and would be executed, and later, that our
Nation would be tried as a criminal nation. And we've issued very stern warnings about that.
Lately there have been some stirrings
of political fragmentation in Iran, with
the riots on the campuses and so forth.
And there have also been some disturbing
statements made by the terrorists; for instance, if Iraq invades Iran this would be
a puppet of the United States, and the
hostages would be executed. They've
made those statements just within the last
few days, and there was not any immediate counterstatement made by either
Khomeini or the Government officials.
Earlier in the captivity, whenever the
terrorists said anything about physical
abuse or threats of death against the hostages, either Khomeini himself or some
other person would almost automatically
say, "We do not intend to have any physical harm to the hostages."
So, it's a very complicated and very
sensitive subject and one that we've tried
to keep before the consciousness of the
American people in an accurate and not
765
Apr. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
misleading way. But I cannot foreclose
any options available to our country, and
I think that I've described it as best I can
to you.
THE PRESIDENT S SCHEDULE
Q. Mr. President, we have a lot of
questions that we could ask you on policy,
but I think one of our major-I'm Jim
Blount from Hamilton, Ohio, by the
way-one of our major concerns is how
you, as a person, are facing this job at
this time-the frustrations and pressures.
What do you do to relax? How do you
keep your composure and live with the
frustrations? What are some of the things
that don't come across in a press conference like this normally?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I guess God
gave me a character and a temperament
that doesn't cause me to lose control of
myself. I'm easygoing, and I've never
stayed awake at night because of worry.
I have good people with whom I can consult. And I think any President is reassured, under crises that may be much
more severe than the one we face now, by
the inherent strength of our Nation and,
in a democratic process, the closeness with
which I can deal with the American people and the understanding that I have of
their desires. I think the Congress has
been extremely supportive of me.
Personally, I get up at 5 o'clock most
mornings, get over here at 5: 30, work a
couple of hours or read, before my day
starts officially. I had a breakfast this
morning at 7:30. And then I meet during
the day with visiting delegations, you and
others. I had representatives from the
Methodist general conference that came
in this morning. I meet with Members of
Congress, and I try to get through with
my workday around 4:30 or 5 o'clock
and spend the rest of the day with my
family. And then at night, quite often, I
have to read or study. I have an average
of 350 pages of official documents each
day that come to my desk for study and
for action. I'm a very fast reader and take
care of that without any problem. And
then for recreation, I run every day. My
wife runs a couple of miles with me, and
then I run longer after she drops out. We
play tennis, sometimes; in the winter, I
do cross-country skiing. I take a lot of exercise. I have a good, solid life. On occasion we go to Camp David. I haven't been
there lately, but that's always a time to
get away from this place.
Q. What would be on your agenda of
reading, for personal reading, or do you
have such aTHE PRESIDENT. Yes, I read two or
three books a week. I'm kind of a fast
reader. Sometimes biographies, sometimes-I ordinarily read most of the books
on the best seller list, plus some of the —
I read a lot of biography about my predecessors at the White House. [Laughter]
It makes me feel a little better to know
that Roosevelt and Harry Truman and
Lyndon Johnson and others had some
tougher times than we did, and also it
gives me a feeling of reassurance to see
that our Nation has gone through much
more severe crises than we face right now,
successfully, and the innate strength of
this Nation is a very reassuring factor.
So, I get along well and don't get excited or disturbed about things, except
when I'm thinking deeply about what to
do concerning Iran, or what action to take
to control inflation, or how to deal with
the combination of inflation and high interest rates, and Iran and Afghanistan and
energy and running an election campaign,
and I get quiet or walk off by myselfmy wife knows that I'm kind of studying
about-I didn't mean to belabor the
answer. But we have a good, solid family
766
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 24
life, which really helps me a lot, and adequate time for recreation and exercise and
to be with my family.
EFFECTS OF INFLATION ON THE ELDERLY
AND POOR
Q. Bob Moore, Middlesex News, Framingham, Massachusetts. I'd be dying to
ask you on politics, but I'll ask you something that's connected with it, anyway.
THE PRESIDENT. Whatever you want to
ask.
Q. With the present transition period
where we're trying to get-save on the
budget and so forth-there are still the
high interest rates and the inflationTHE PRESIDENT. That's true.
Q. which makes it particularly difficult for the very old. And people think
in terms of day-to-day, and I'm just wondering, is there anything, any hope you
can hold out that sometime in this immediate future that you have some plans
to take care of that sort of a situation?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I think it's good
for us to remember that 25 percent of our
Federal budget is for the elderly. Secondly, in the budget reduction proposals,
there has been not a penny reduced in
social security, SSI, and so forth. We also
have an indexing system built into many
of the programs for the elderly and for
the afflicted and for the very poor, so
that as the inflation rate goes up, the Government payments to them increase at
least as much as the inflation rate. It's a
very costly thing to the Federal Government, but I think it's a very important
thing for those who are particularly vulnerable to inflation.
And the last point I'd like to make is
that the people who suffer most from inflation are not wealthy people, like a
President with a $200,000-a-year salary,
or newspaper editors who are also in a
very high income-[laughter]-but they're
the people who have a low income and
who have a fixed income derived from
savings of their own.
Quite often these are the most vulnerable people, and if a family is, say, Spanish-speaking or black and very poor, living in a dilapidated area of a major city
and they want to buy a refrigerator or a
stove or a television set, they probably
pay top price. I can probably find a way
to buy it wholesale and so forth, but they
can't. And when they buy groceries, they
really don't have a very highly competitive supermarket from which to buy groceries. They quite often go to a corner
grocery store where the prices are very
high and where, if their social security
check or something comes in late, they
can get 2 or 3 days of credit. So, they pay
extremely high prices, even above what
a competitive type family can pay.
So, I don't have any apology to make
for the reductions in the Federal budget
designed to bring down the inflation rate,
because I think the people who think they
will suffer most from budget reductions
are the very ones who will benefit greatly
when we are successful in bringing down
the inflation rate. I believe that we will
see, during this summer, substantial reductions in the inflation rate, and we are
already seeing fairly good trends downward in the interest rates. I can't predict
success, but I do the best I can with it.
Ms. BAR10. Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you all. I really
have enjoyed it, and I'm sure you'll have
a chance to ask the questions you didn't
get to me to other people during the day.
It's been a pleasure talking to you.
NOTE: The interview began at 1: 35 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House. Patricia
Y. Bario is a Deputy Press Secretary.
The transcript of the interview was released
on April 24.
767
Apr. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jewish Heritage Week
Proclamation 4752. April 24, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Ever since the first Dutch Jew set foot
in New Amsterdam in 1654, Jews have
been contributing bountifully to the culture and history of our country. Indeed,
the history of the Jewish people in America goes all the way back to the Jewish
scientists and mariners who helped Columbus reach the New World. Later, Jews
took an active part in the War of Independence, in the settlement of the West,
and in the dynamic expansion of American technology. In medicine, education,
trade, the law, politics, the labor movement, religion, motion pictures, athletics,
literature, and more, the Jewish people
have richly endowed America and the
American way of life. American Jews have
made their heritage-a heritage of struggle for freedom, knowledge, and human
dignity-part of the inheritance of all
Americans.
In recognition of this contribution, and
in an effort to foster understanding and
appreciation of the cultural diversity that
has made America great, Jewish Heritage
Week is celebrated each spring throughout
the United States. This April is a particularly appropriate month because it contains events of special significance to the
Jewish calendar-Passover, the anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising,
Israeli Independence Day, Solidarity Sunday for Soviet Jewry, and the Days of
Remembrance of Victims and Survivors
of the Holocaust. Therefore, the Congress
of the United States, by joint resolution,
has requested the President to proclaim
April 21 through April 28, 1980, as Jewish Heritage Week (H.J. Res. 474).
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the week beginning Monday, April 21, as Jewish Heritage Week.
I call upon the people of the United
States, Federal and local government officials, and interested organizations to observe that week with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and programs.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fourth day
of April in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
10:42 a.m., April 24, 1980]
Department of Education
Nomination of Cynthia G. Brown To Be
Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights.
April 24, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Cynthia G. Brown, of
Washington, D.C., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Civil Rights, a
new position. Brown has been Principal
Deputy Director and Deputy Director for
Compliance and Enforcement at the Office of Civil Rights (OCR), Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare,
since 1978.
She was born March 18, 1943, in Plainfield, N.J. She received a B.A. from Oberlin College in 1965 and an M.A. in public
administration from Maxwell Graduate
School of Citizenship and Public Affairs
at Syracuse University in 1966.
From 1966 to 1970, Brown was with
OCR as a civil rights specialist in elementary and secondary education for
768
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 24
Texas and Louisiana, assistant to the
Chief of the Education Branch, Division
of Program Planning and Development,
and Special Assistant to the Director of
the Division of Elementary and Secondary
Education.
From 1970 to 1975, she was a program
associate with the Children's Defense
Fund of the Washington Research Project, Inc., where she was responsible for
oversight of Federal education programs
affecting poor and minority students.
From 1975 to 1977, she was codirector of
the Federal Education Project of the
Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights
Under Law, which provides basic information and technical assistance to parents,
community groups, and school officials.
From 1977 to 1978, Brown was Deputy
Director of OCR for Compliance and Enforcement. She is the author of several
articles on school desegregation.
Community Services
Administration
Nomination of Richard John Rios To Be
Director. April 24, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Richard John Rios,
of Shingle Springs, Calif., to be Director
of the Community Services Administration. He would replace Graciela Olivarez,
who has resigned.
Rios has been director of the California
State Office of Economic Opportunity
since 1978.
He was born April 24, 1942, in San
Jose, Calif. He received a B.A. from San
Jose State College in 1968.
From 1968 to 1971, Rios was director
of the Multi-Cultural and Educational
Opportunity Program & Services at De
Anza College in Cupertino, Calif. From
1971 to 1978, he was executive director
of Economic & Social Opportunities, Inc.,
in San Jose.
Rios is chairman of the National State
Economic Opportunity Office Directors
Economic Development Committee. He
is a member of the National Hispanic
Political Caucus and the Mexican American Political Association.
United States Naval Academy
Appointment of Two Members of the Board
of Visitors. April 24, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of
the Board of Visitors to the United States
Naval Academy. They are:
Anthony J. Celebrezze, Jr., secretary of
state of Ohio, a former Ohio State senator, and a 1963 graduate of the Naval
Academy; and Salvatore R. Gerbasi, an
attorney in private practice in Nassau
County, N.Y., and village justice of the
Incorporated Village of Munsey Park.
Conveyance of the Michigan
Army Missile Plant
Remarks on Signing H.R. 6464 Into Law.
April 24, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. On too rare occasions,
a President has an opportunity to perform a duty which is pleasant and productive for everyone concerned, and that is
the case with House Bill 6464, which has
been promoted and sponsored by Congressman Nedzi and by Senator Levin
and by other Members of the House and
Senate.
This is an extremely important piece
of legislation. In this time of transition
769
Apr. 24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
in our automobile industry when we are
changing the habits of American buyers,
it's extremely important not only to have
confidence in and support for the tremendously strong and ingenious domestic
automobile manufacturers but also to
work closely with the members of the
UAW and others who are associated directly with the production of automobiles
in our Nation.
This is a bill which will transfer, in a
very expeditious way, the Army Missile
Plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, from
the Army, which will have no further use
for it in just a few months, to the organization in Michigan, the Michigan Job Development Authority, responsible for employment and for jobs that are productive
and helpful.
This transfer will then result in the
ability of the authority to sell the property
to Volkswagen, who will expedite the
modification of this facility into a modern
automobile production plant. We hope to
see the first automobiles roll off their assembly line in-August of '82?
MR. MCLERNON. Yes, sir, '82.
THE PRESIDENT. August of '82. And we
also expect to see at least 4,000 new employees go to work in this plant.
In return for this transfer, the Job Authority will construct for and deliver to the
Federal Government two office buildings,
and if there is any net profit in the exchange, that would come to the American
Government.
So, everyone benefits. The Federal Government will benefit, and our Nation will
benefit, and of course, we hope that Volkswagen and those who are employed by
and benefited in this particular area of
Sterling Heights will also benefit greatly.
This is one of the examples when you
can almost literally have a change of
swords into plowshares, where a missile
production plant, no longer needed, is designed to produce automobiles.
I would like to say, in closing, that this
transition period is important, to maintain employment, to strengthen our domestic production with American manufacturers, to welcome into our country
foreign manufacturers like Volkswagen,
and also to increase export capability of
our country, to foreign nations, of automotive machinery including, of course,
automobiles themselves.
I would like to thank again Mayor
Dobry for coming with his entire council
body and also the city manager and others, and to thank Senator Levin and Congressmen Nedzi, Blanchard, Dingell, Carr,
Bonior, and others, for having played such
a major role in the passage of this legislation.
It would be a mistake for me to close
without acknowledging a very sad occasion, and that is Congressman Nedzi's announcement that he will not be a candidate for reelection. My hope is that he
will change his mind. If he doesn't decide
to do so, he will have completed a wonderful and beneficial service to the 14th
District of Michigan since 1961.
And I'm grateful to all those who are
assembled here. And all of you have my
best wishes for a rapid conclusion of a
wonderful opportunity for Sterling
Heights, for Michigan, for our Nation, for
Volkswagen, and for all others concerned.
Thank you very much.
SENATOR LEVIN. Thank you very much,
Mr. President.
As you so well put it, this is one of those
bills that really benefits everybody. It benefits the taxpayers by saving the Army at
least $5 million a year. It benefits the
workers, of course, in Michigan and over
30 other States. Just everybody, literally,
benefits by this bill.
It's great to be here with Senator
Riegle, other Members of the House, of
course with Jim McLernon from Volkswagen, the Sterling Heights mayor and
770
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 25
members of the council and the city attorney and city manager. I think they took
up half the plane getting here. [Laughter]
And we want to thank you for your role in
making this legislation possible and in
helping us to pull a rabbit out of a hat.
[Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. I might say that there
was a lot of competition, as you can well
imagine, for a major industrial installation
of this kind, and because of the wonderful
work of the Sterling Heights community
and the congressional delegation, Volkswagen did decide to accept this offer.
There were many competing offers, and
I'm very grateful it turned out this way.
I might say that we did not intercede
among the States competing. I would personally have liked to see Georgia considered a little more. [Laughter] But you won
on your own merits. And I think another
reason that this area was chosen is because Michigan has such a tremendous
reservoir of trained, dedicated workers in
the automotive industry and a history behind that that brings credit to you and to
our country.
REPRESENTATIVE NEDZI. Mr. President,
thank you very much for your generous
comments about me personally.
But I would be remiss if I didn't underscore what Senator Levin just mentioned
about the cooperation that we received
from you and your staff, the Pentagon, the
Department of the Army-all working in
concert, cooperating. And there were
countless calls, countless memoranda,
meetings of all sorts. The bill, on the surface, seems relatively simple-everybody
wins-and yet we had a very difficult time
persuading people of that fact. And
thanks to you.
THE PRESIDENT. There were a few
other State delegations that did not particularly want to see this bill passed.
[Laughter]
SENATOR LEVIN. And I think, as it turns
out, that even they are satisfied that they
will benefit.
THE PRESIDENT. Oh, I think so; the
whole country will.
SENATOR LEVIN. Particularly Ohio, for
instance, to pick one, is a major beneficiary of this. [Laughter] And I'm not running from Ohio. [Laughter]
MR. McLERNON. I left Cincinnati to
attend the meeting today. I was giving a
speech in Cincinnati when I found out
you were going to sign the bill and came
here. So, I have no arguments.
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I think they
were the last two in close competition,
were they not?
MR. McLERNON. That's right.
THE PRESIDENT. And I think after the
Ohio delegation discovered that the basic
decision had been made, they were also
supportive of the legislation. As a matter
of fact, in the Senate it passed with a voice
vote with no opposition.
Well, congratulations to you all. It's
nice to see our entire Nation benefit.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:16 p.m. in the
Cabinet Room at the White House. James
McLernon is president of Volkswagen of
America, and Anthony Dobry is mayor of Sterling Heights, Mich.
As enacted, H.R. 6464 is Public Law 96-238,
approved April 24.
Rescue Attempt for American
Hostages in Iran
White House Statement. April 25, 1980
The President has ordered the cancellation of an operation in Iran which was
underway to prepare for a rescue of our
hostages. The mission was terminated
because of equipment failure.
During the subsequent withdrawal of
American personnel, there was a collision
between our aircraft on the ground at a
771
Apr. 25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
remote desert location in Iran. There were
no military hostilities, but the President
deeply regrets that eight American crew
members of the two aircraft were killed
and others were injured in the accident.
Americans involved in the operation have
now been airlifted from Iran, and those
who were injured are being given medical
treatment and are expected to recover.
This mission was not motivated by hostility toward Iran or the Iranian people,
and there were no Iranian casualties.
Preparations for this rescue mission were
ordered for humanitarian reasons, to protect the national interests of this country,
and to alleviate international tensions.
The President accepts full responsibility
for the decision to attempt the rescue.
The Nation is deeply grateful to the
brave men who were preparing to rescue
the hostages.
The United States continues to hold
the Government of Iran responsible for
the safety of the American hostages. The
United States remains determined to obtain their safe release at the earliest possible date.
Rescue Attempt for American
Hostages in Iran
Address to the Nation. April 25, 1980
Late yesterday, I cancelled a carefully
planned operation which was underway in
Iran to position our rescue team for later
withdrawal of American hostages, who
have been held captive there since November 4. Equipment failure in the rescue
helicopters made it necessary to end the
mission.
As our team was withdrawing, after
my order to do so, two of our American
aircraft collided on the ground following
a refueling operation in a remote desert
location in Iran. Other information about
this rescue mission will be made available
to the American people when it is appropriate to do so.
There was no fighting; there was no
combat. But to my deep regret, eight of
the crewmen of the two aircraft which
collided were killed, and several other
Americans were hurt in the accident. Our
people were immediately airlifted from
Iran. Those who were injured have gotten medical treatment, and all of them are
expected to recover.
No knowledge of this operation by any
Iranian officials or authorities was evident
to us until several hours after all Americans were withdrawn from Iran.
Our rescue team knew and I knew that
the operation was certain to be difficult
and it was certain to be dangerous. We
were all convinced that if and when the
rescue operation had been commenced
that it had an excellent chance of success.
They were all volunteers; they were all
highly trained. I met with their leaders
before they went on this operation. They
knew then what hopes of mine and of all
Americans they carried with them.
To the families of those who died and
who were wounded, I want to express the
admiration I feel for the courage of their
loved ones and the sorrow that I feel personally for their sacrifice.
The mission on which they were embarked was a humanitarian mission. It
was not directed against Iran; it was not
directed against the people of Iran. It
was not undertaken with any feeling of
hostility toward Iran or its people. It has
caused no Iranian casualties.
Planning for this rescue effort began
shortly after our Embassy was seized, but
for a number of reasons, I waited until
now to put those rescue plans into effect.
To be feasible, this complex operation had
to be the product of intensive planning
and intensive training and repeated re
772
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 25
hearsal. However, a resolution of this crisis
through negotiations and with voluntary
action on the part of the Iranian officials
was obviously then, has been, and will be
preferable.
This rescue attempt had to await my
judgment that the Iranian authorities
could not or would not resolve this crisis
on their own initiative. With the steady
unraveling of authority in Iran and the
mounting dangers that were posed to the
safety of the hostages themselves and the
growing realization that their early release was highly unlikely, I made a decision to commence the rescue operations
plans.
This attempt became a necessity and a
duty. The readiness of our team to undertake the rescue made it completely practicable. Accordingly, I made the decision
to set our long-developed plans into operation. I ordered this rescue mission prepared in order to safeguard American
lives, to protect America's national interests, and to reduce the tensions in the
world that have been caused among many
nations as this crisis has continued.
It was my decision to attempt the rescue
operation. It was my decision to cancel it
when problems developed in the placement of our rescue team for a future
rescue operation. The responsibility is
fully my own.
In the aftermath of the attempt, we
continue to hold the Government of Iran
responsible for the safety and for the early
release of the American hostages, who
have been held so long. The United States
remains determined to bring about their
safe release at the earliest date possible.
As President, I know that our entire
Nation feels the deep gratitude I feel for
the brave men who were prepared to rescue their fellow Americans from captivity. And as President, I also know that the
Nation shares not only my disappoint
ment that the rescue effort could not be
mounted, because of mechanical difficulties, but also my determination to persevere and to bring all of our hostages
home to freedom.
We have been disappointed before. We
will not give up in our efforts. Throughout this extraordinarily difficult period, we
have pursued and will continue to pursue
every possible avenue to secure the release
of the hostages. In these efforts, the support of the American people and of our
friends throughout the world has been a
most crucial element. That support of
other nations is even more important now.
We will seek to continue, along with
other nations and with the officials of
Iran, a prompt resolution of the crisis
without any loss of life and through peaceful and diplomatic means.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 7 a.m. from
the Oval Office at the White House. His remarks were broadcast live on radio and television.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
April 19
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs.
April 20
The President amended a major disaster declaration for the State of Louisiana
that was granted on April 9 as a result of
773
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
severe storms and flooding which began
on March 26.
The President declared major disasters
for:
-the State of Mississippi as a result of
severe storms, flooding, mudslides,
tornadoes, and high winds, beginning
on or about March 28, which caused
extensive property damage;
-the State of Alabama as a result of
severe storms, tornadoes, and flooding, beginning on or about April 12,
which caused extensive property
damage.
April 21
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Richard F. Celeste, Director of the
Peace Corps.
April 22
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Senator Thomas F. Eagleton of
Missouri;
-Mr. Moore;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget;
-representatives of women's organizations.
The President announced that he has
appointed Byung H. Nam, of New York
City, as a member of the Commission on
Presidential Scholars. Nam, 57, is professor of education at Pace University in
New York.
The White House announced that on
June 24 it will sponsor a meeting with
rural women as part of a process of consultation initiated in December 1979,
when the President announced the small
community and rural development policy.
April 23
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
Robert Carswell, Charles L. Schultze,
Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, R. Robert Russell,
Director of the Council on Wage and
Price Stability, John P. White, Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Alfred E.
Kahn, Advisor to the President on
Inflation, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Policy, and Mr. McIntyre;
-Mr. Moore;
-a delegation from the United
Methodist Conference;
-Vice President Mondale, Stansfield
Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Barbara Tuchman, selected as the
1980 Jefferson Lecturer in the Humanities by the National Endowment
for the Humanities;
-a group of Democratic Congressmen
from agricultural States, to discuss
farm issues and the economy.
April 24
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-senior members of the House and
Senate conference committee on the
Federal Trade Commission reauthorization legislation;
-Shimon Peres, chairman of the Israeli
Labor Party;
-Mr. Moore;
774
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-representatives of the metal and
metal products industries;
-Vice President Mondale;
-a group of Hispanic leaders, to discuss the administration's anti-inflation program;
-William Faust, majority leader of the
Michigan State Senate.
In a ceremony in the Oval Office, the
President received diplomatic credentials
from Ambassadors Barry Bertrand Lucas
Auguste of Saint Lucia, Reginald Lightbourn Wood of the Bahamas, Serge Elie
Charles of Haiti, Cecilia Mildred Nana
Tau of Lesotho, Francisco Aquino
Herrera of El Salvador, and Yoshio Okawara of Japan.
April 25
The President met at the White House
with:
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
of State Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary
of Defense Harold Brown, Deputy
Secretary of Defense W. Graham
Claytor, Jr., Deputy Secretary of
State Warren M. Christopher,
Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the
President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel
to the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-a bipartisan group of congressional
leaders, to discuss the attempt to
rescue the American hostages in
Iran;
-leaders of the Christian Methodist
Episcopal Church.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or nominations of Foreign Service officers.
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted April 21, 1980
CLYDE 0. MARTZ, of Colorado, to be Solicitor
of the Department of the Interior, vice Leo
M. Krulitz, resigned.
ALBERT H. BOWKER, of California, to be Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education, Department of Education (new position).
Withdrawn April 21, 1980
D. CLIVE SHORT, of Nebraska, to be United
States Marshal for the District of Nebraska
for the term of 4 years, vice Ronald C.
Romans, term expired, which was sent to
the Senate on March 20, 1979.
Submitted April 22, 1980
A. RUSSELL MARANE, of Georgia, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the New
Community Development Corporation, vice
William J. White, resigned.
EDNA GAYNELL PARKER, of Virginia, to be a
judge of the United States Tax Court for a
term expiring 15 years after she takes office,
vice William H. Quealy, resigned.
SHELDON V. EKMAN, of Connecticut, to be a
judge of the United States Tax Court for a
term expiring 15 years after he takes office,
vice William M. Drennen, retired.
Submitted April 23, 1980
THOMAS GEORGE ALLISON, of Washington, to
be General Counsel of the Department of
Transportation, vice Linda Kamm, resigned.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released April 22, 1980
Announcement: White House meeting with
rural women on June 24
Released April 23, 1980
Transcript: statement on the European Community decision to impose sanctions against
Iran, as read by Press Secretary Jody Powell,
and news conference by Mr. Powell and
Richard N. Cooper, Under Secretary of State
for Economic Affairs
775
Administration of Jimnmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released April 24, 1980
Fact sheet: act authorizing conveyance of the
Michigan Army Missile Plant
Announcement: action by Mobil Oil Corp. to
comply with the anti-inflation program price
standards
ACTS APPROVED
BY THE PRESIDENT
Approved April 22, 1980
H.R. 6029 ------------- Public Law 96-236
An act providing for the implementation of
the International Sugar Agreement, 1977,
and for other purposes.
ACTS APPROVED-Continued
Approved April 24, 1980
H.J. Res. 474 ---------- Public Law 96-237
A joint resolution to authorize and request
the President to issue a proclamation designating April 21 through April 28, 1980, as
"Jewish Heritage Week."
H.R. 6464 --- —-------- Public Law 96-238
An act to authorize the Secretary of the
Army to convey to the Michigan Job Development Authority the lands and improvements comprising the Michigan Army Missile
Plant in Sterling Heights, Macomb County,
Michigan, in return for two new office buildings at the Detroit Arsenal, Warren,
Michigan.
776
Week Ending Friday, May 2, 1980
Presidential Commission on
World Hunger
Statement on the Commission's Report.
April 26, 1980
The Report of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger represents a
challenge to all Americans. I commend
the members of the Commission for their
comprehensive analysis and thoughtful
proposals.
As Chairman Sol Linowitz has noted,
few of the measures recommended by the
Commission will be easy, and many of
the most important will take time. Some
will be difficult to implement quickly in
the face of fiscal restraints imposed by our
fight against inflation. But I agree with
the Commission that our national security
and our fundamental values compel us
to mount a growing effort to build a
world without hunger. I intend to make
that effort.
I have today directed the appropriate
departments and agencies of the Federal
Government to examine promptly the
Commission's proposals and to recommend to me both immediate and longer
term action. The Commission's report
will be a spur to new achievement; it will
not gather dust in the files.
I intend to share the Commission's
basic message with other national leaders
in June at the economic summit conference in Venice, where I will make specific
proposals for collective action.
I urge the Congress and all Americans
to join me in a renewed commitment to
mobilize the world's resources in a larger,
more effective, and continuing effort to
overcome world hunger.
NOTE: The report is entitled "Overcoming
World Hunger: The Challenge Ahead, Report
of the Presidential Commission on World Hunger-March 1980" (Government Printing Office, 251 pages).
Rescue Attempt for American
Hostages in Iran
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
Reporting on the Operation. April 26, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
Because of my desire that Congress be
informed on this matter and consistent
with the reporting provisions of the War
Powers Resolution of 1973 (Public Law
93-148), I submit this report.
On April 24, 1980, elements of the
United States Armed Forces under my
direction commenced the positioning
stage of a rescue operation which was
designed, if the subsequent stages had
been executed, to effect the rescue of the
American hostages who have been held
captive in Iran since November 4, 1979,
in clear violation of international law and
the norms of civilized conduct among nations. The subsequent phases of the operation were not executed. Instead, for
the reasons described below, all these elements were withdrawn from Iran and no
hostilities occurred.
777
Apr. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
The sole objective of the operation that
actually occurred was to position the rescue team for the subsequent effort to
withdraw the American hostages. The
rescue team was under my overall command and control and required my approval before executing the subsequent
phases of the operation designed to effect
the rescue itself. No such approval was
requested or given because, as described
below, the mission was aborted.
Beginning approximately 10:30 AM
EST on April 24, six U.S. C-130 transport aircraft and eight RH-53 helicopters
entered Iran airspace. Their crews were
not equipped for combat. Some of the
C-130 aircraft carried a force of approximately 90 members of the rescue team
equipped for combat, plus various support personnel.
From approximately 2 to 4 PM EST
the six transports and six of the eight
helicopters landed at a remote desert site
in Iran approximately 200 miles from
Tehran where they disembarked the rescue team, commenced refueling operations and began to prepare for the subsequent phases.
During the flight to the remote desert
site, two of the eight helicopters developed
operating difficulties. One was forced to
return to the carrier Nimitz; the second
was forced to land in the desert, but its
crew was taken aboard another of the
helicopters and proceeded on to the landing site. Of the six helicopters which
landed at the remote desert site, one developed a serious hydraulic problem and
was unable to continue with the mission.
The operational plans called for a minimum of six helicopters in good operational condition able to proceed from the
desert site. Eight helicopters had been included in the force to provide sufficient
redundancy without imposing excessive
strains on the refueling and exit require
ments of the operation. When the number of helicopters available to continue
dropped to five, it was determined that
the operation could not proceed as
planned. Therefore, on the recommendation of the force commander and my military advisers, I decided to cancel the
mission and ordered the United States
Armed Forces involved to return from
Iran.
During the process of withdrawal, one
of the helicopters accidentally collided
with one of the C-130 aircraft, which was
preparing to take off, resulting in the
death of eight personnel and the injury
of several others. At this point, the decision was made to load all surviving personnel aboard the remaining C-130 aircraft and to abandon the remaining helicopters at the landing site. Altogether, the
United States Armed Forces remained on
the ground for a total of approximately
three hours. The five remaining aircraft
took off about 5:45 PM EST and departed from Iran airspace without
further incident at about 8:00 PM EST
on April 24. No United States Armed
Forces remain in Iran.
The remote desert area was selected to
conceal this phase of the mission from discovery. At no time during the temporary
presence of United States Armed Forces
in Iran did they encounter Iranian forces
of any type. We believe, in fact, that no
Iranian military forces were in the desert
area, and that the Iranian forces were unaware of the presence of United States
Armed Forces until after their departure
from Iran. As planned, no hostilities occurred during this phase of the missionthe only phase that was executed.
At one point during the period in which
United States Armed Forces elements
were on the ground at the desert landing site a bus containing forty-four Iranian civilians happened to pass along a
778
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 27
nearby road. The bus was stopped and
then disabled. Its occupants were detained
by United States Armed Forces until their
departure, and then released unharmed.
One truck closely followed by a second
vehicle also passed by while United States
Armed Forces elements were on the
ground. These elements stopped the truck
by a shot into its headlights. The driver
ran to the second vehicle which then
escaped across the desert. Neither of these
incidents affected the subsequent decision
to terminate the mission.
Our rescue team knew, and I knew,
that the operation was certain to be
dangerous. We were all convinced that if
and when the rescue phase of the operation had been commenced, it had an excellent chance of success. They were all
volunteers; they were all highly trained.
I met with their leaders before they went
on this operation. They knew then what
hopes of mine and of all Americans they
carried with them. I share with the nation
the highest respect and appreciation for
the ability and bravery of all who participated in the mission.
To the families of those who died and
who were injured, I have expressed the
admiration I feel for the courage of their
loved ones and the sorrow that I feel personally for their sacrifice.
The mission on which they were embarked was a humanitarian mission. It was
not directed against Iran. It was not directed against the people of Iran. It
caused no Iranian casualties.
This operation was ordered and conducted pursuant to the President's powers
under the Constitution as Chief Executive and as Commander-in-Chief of the
United States Armed Forces, expressly
recognized in Section 8 (d) ( 1 ) of the War
Powers Resolution. In carrying out this
operation, the United States was acting
wholly within its right, in accordance with
Article 51 of the United Nations Charter,
to protect and rescue its citizens where the
government of the territory in which they
are located is unable or unwilling to protect them.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Warren G.
Magnuson, President pro tempore of the Senate.
The text of the letters was released on
April 27.
Rescue Attempt for American
Hostages in Iran
Message for the Memorial Service for the
Eight Airmen Who Died During the
Operation. April27, 1980
I grieve with you for eight fine men
who died in the service of America. You
have as consolation in your sorrow the
memory of their lives. These airmen were
your family, your friends and fellow workers, and the job they gave you in their
lives can help, in memory and in time, to
cover the wound of their deaths.
To me and to their country they have
left an equal gift: the legacy of their daring spirit. It is the quality which Pericles,
some 2500 years ago, marked in the
soldiers of his city, when he said:
"When Athens shall appear great to
you, consider that her glories were produced by valiant men and by men who
knew their duty, by men who felt the urgings of honor when they came to act."
These men of your family, of America's
family, acted for our nation's honor.
Their bravery and their free acceptance
of great hazards in the line of duty ennoble not just them but all of us.
779
Apr. 27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I pray with you, in memory of them,
for the freedom of 53 other Americans in
Iran, for the freedom our eight brothers
lived to defend and died to try to win.
And I pledge myself, in their memory and
for all of us, to the other cause worthy of
their daring spirit-the cause of a lasting
peace for a free America.
NOTE: The President's message was read by
Maj. Gen. Robert Bond of the U.S. Air Force
at the memorial service held in Niceville, Fla.,
for Capt. Richard L. Bakke, Capt. Hal Lewis,
Sgt. Joel C. Mayo, Capt. Lynn D. McIntosh,
and Capt. Charles T. McMillan II of the U.S.
Air Force and Sgt. John D. Harvey, Cpl.
George Holmes, Jr., and Staff Sgt. Dewey L.
Johnson of the U.S. Marine Corps.
Cuban Refugees
Statement by Vice President Walter F.
Mondale. April 27, 1980
At the President's request, I chaired a
meeting Saturday with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare, the Deputy Secretary of
State, and heads of other U.S. departments concerned with the very serious humanitarian problem we are confronting
with the plight of growing numbers of
Cuban refugees. There is no better proof
of the failure of Castro's revolution than
the dramatic exodus which is currently
taking place.
At the same time, we are witnessing a
callous, cynical effort by Castro to play on
the emotions of the Cuban American
community in the United States, to lure
members of this community into extraordinarily dangerous and unlawful boat
trips, with the very real threat of loss of
life at sea. Castro has evaded his responsibility to his citizens and has broken the
commitment he made earlier to help with
an orderly, prompt, and humane evacuation of refugees.
The President has directed U.S. Navy
and Coast Guard units in the region to
render all possible assistance to those at
sea. We call upon the Cuban American
community, which has contributed so
much to our country, to respect the law
and to avoid these dangerous and illegal
boat passages. The world will hold Castro
responsible for the safety of these Cubans.
Cuba must agree to a policy that permits the orderly, safe, and humane evacuation of refugees. We have stated before,
and I repeat again, that the United States
will contribute to this international effort.
I would point out that if Castro wants to
expel his people, let him begin by releasing the plantados-those brave Cubans
in Boniato prison. These people have
suffered for their freedom. The moment
they are released, we will have aircraft
standing ready to bring them to freedom.
The Deputy Secretary of State and
other administration officials also met
Saturday with leaders of the Cuban
American community to continue our
consultations. We will continue to give
the highest priority to this humanitarian
problem.
Hostages in the Dominican
Republic Embassy in Bogota,
Colombia
Letter to Colombian President Julio Cesar
Turbay Ayala on the Release of the Hostages.
April 27, 1980
Dear Mr. President:
I am deeply thankful that the siege at
the Dominican Embassy has ended with
the release of all the hostages. Your firm
and patient leadership has achieved its
goal: a dignified and peaceful solution.
I am particularly grateful for your dedication to the hostages' safety and welfare
during the long and delicate negotiations.
780
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 28
As you know, the United States unequivocally condemns all terrorists acts.
I am pleased that our two governments
have been able to work so closely together
in this common struggle. A continued
united effort by all governments is vital
if terrorist violence around the world is
to be curbed.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: On February 27, Colombian terrorists
seized the embassy and took as hostages 57
persons, most of whom were diplomats attending a reception there. Over a 61-day period, most of the hostages were released. On
April 27, as the result of an agreement the
Colombian Government negotiated with the
terrorists, U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego
C. Asencio and the remaining hostages were
flown to Havana, Cuba, and released.
Hostages in the Dominican
Republic Embassy in Bogota,
Colombia
Letter to U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego
C. Asencio on His Release. April 27, 1980
Dear Mr. Ambassador:
I was delighted to learn of your safe release today. You and your family have
been in my thoughts and prayers since
your ordeal began 61 days ago. Your
courage, resilience, and strength of spirit
are a source of pride for all Americans.
You have represented America with distinction and dedication.
Rosalynn and I join in sending you
warmest greetings, and best wishes upon
your return to freedom.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: Following his release in Havana, Cuba,
Ambassador Asencio flew to Homestead Air
Force Base, Fla.
The text of the letter was released on April
28.
Department of State
Exchange of Letters on the Resignation of
Cyrus R. Vance as Secretary. April 28, 1980
To Secretary of State Cyrus Vance
I accept your resignation with regret,
but with deep appreciation for your dedicated and effective service to me and to
our country.
As mentioned in your letter, we have
had notable accomplishments under your
leadership as Secretary of State. I share
your pride in what has been achieved.
Because you could not support my decision regarding the rescue operation in
Iran, you have made the correct decision
to resign. I know this is a matter of principle with you, and I respect the reasons
you have expressed to me.
You leave your post with the admiration and best wishes of a grateful nation.
Our close friendship and partnership during challenging times have been a source
of strength and reassurance to me.
I look forward to your continuing advice and counsel on matters of importance
to the United States-our country, which
you have served so well.
Your friend,
JIMMY CARTER
Monday, April 21
Dear Mr. President:
I have the greatest respect and admiration for you and it is with a heavy heart
that I submit my resignation. It has been
a privilege and a high honor to serve you
and our nation. I look with pride and
satisfaction at the many actions and new
directions which have marked our foreign
policy under your leadership. The Panama Canal Treaty, the Camp David Accords, the Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty,
normalization of relations with the
Peoples Republic of China, the strength
781
Apr. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ening of our military forces and our alliances, the negotiation of the SALT II
Agreement, the Zimbabwe settlement,
and the new thrust and direction given to
our relations with the nations of the third
world are several of these major steps.
I know how deeply you have pondered
your decision on Iran. I wish I could support you in it. But for the reasons we have
discussed I cannot.
You would not be well served in the
coming weeks and months by a Secretary
of State who could not offer you the public backing you need on an issue and decision of such extraordinary importanceno matter how firm I remain in my support on other issues, as I do, or how loyal
I am to you as our leader. Such a situation would be untenable and our relationship, which I value so highly, would constantly suffer.
I shall always be grateful to you for
having had the opportunity to serve. I
shall always have for you the deepest respect and affection, and you know you can
count on my support for your continued
leadership of our nation.
Respectfully yours,
CY
NOTE: On April 28, Press Secretary Jody
Powell read the letters to reporters assembled
in the Briefing Room at the White House and
stated that Deputy Secretary of State Warren
M. Christopher would serve as Acting
Secretary.
United States-Canada Agreement
on Civil Uses of Atomic Energy
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Protocol Amending the Agreement.
April 28, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I am pleased to transmit to the Congress, pursuant to Section 123 d of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended
(42 U.S.C. 2153 (d)), the text of the Protocol Amending the Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Civil Uses of
Atomic Energy Between the United States
and Canada, along with the accompanying Agreed Minute. The proposed Protocol is accompanied by my written determination, approval and authorization,
and by the Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement concerning the Protocol.
The joint memorandum submitted to me
by the Secretaries of State and Energy,
which includes a summary of the provisions of the Protocol, and the views of the
Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission are also enclosed.
The purpose of the proposed Protocol
is to extend the present agreement (which
expires on July 14), to modernize and expand the framework for peaceful nuclear
cooperation between the two countries,
and to strengthen the provisions for
shared non-proliferation policies and the
nuclear supply policies of the United
States and Canada. On our part, these
policies include the requirements set forth
in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of
1978. In my judgment the United StatesCanada Agreement for Cooperation, as
proposed to be amended, meets all statutory requirements.
I am particularly pleased to transmit
such an agreement with Canada, one of
the strongest supporters of the Non-Proliferation Treaty and of international nonproliferation efforts generally. The proposed Protocol reflects the desire of the
Government of the United States and the
Government of Canada to update the
framework for peaceful nuclear cooperation between our two countries in a manner that recognizes our common non-proliferation goals as well as the singularly
close and extensive relationship between
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 28
the United States and Canada in the
peaceful applications of nuclear energy.
The proposed Protocol will, in my view,
further the non-proliferation and other
foreign policy interests of the United
States.
I have considered the views and recommendations and statements of the interested agencies in reviewing the proposed
Protocol and have determined that its performance will promote, and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to, the common defense and security. Accordingly, I
have approved the agreement and have
authorized its execution and urge the
Congress to give it favorable consideration.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 28, 1980.
United States-German
Democratic Republic Consular
Convention
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Convention. April 28, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I am transmitting, for the Senate's advice and consent to ratification, the Consular Convention between the United
States of America and the German Democratic Republic signed at Berlin on September 4, 1979. I am also transmitting,
for the information of the Senate, the report of the Department of State with respect to the Convention.
The signing of this Convention is a
significant step in the process of improving and broadening the relationship between the United States and the German
Democratic Republic. Consular relations
between the two countries are not now the
subject of a modern formal agreement.
This Convention will establish firm obligations on such important matters as free
communication between a citizen and his
consul, notification of consular officers of
the arrest and detention of their nationals,
and permission for visits by consuls to nationals who are under detention.
I also transmit for the information of
the Senate a separate exchange of letters,
signed on September 4, 1979, setting forth
the understanding of each side that consular officers of the sending State have the
right of access under Article 39 of the
Convention to persons who are citizens of
the sending State. It is a generally accepted principle of international law that
each State has the sovereign right to determine acquisition, maintenance and loss
of its citizenship.
I welcome the opportunity through this
Consular Convention to improve the relations between the two countries and their
nationals. I urge the Senate to give the
Convention its prompt and favorable consideration.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
April 28, 1980.
National Energy Conservation
Days, National Transportation
Week, 1980
Proclamation 4753. April 28, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The security of our Nation and the vitality of our economy are dependent on
our wise use of limited energy resources.
Transportation consumes half of our
petroleum fuel. As a Nation we have begun to conserve, but we can do much
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Apr. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
more-by using public transit, by joining
carpools and vanpools, by driving efficiently, and by observing the 55 mile-perhour speed limit.
Public transit plays an important role
in the life of our cities by providing an
energy-efficient means of commuting, by
helping to relieve congestion, by improving air quality, and by helping to revitalize
our downtown areas. Public transit is the
best, and sometimes the only, means of
transportation for many of our elderly,
our poor, and our very young.
The national maximum 55 mile-perhour speed limit is a proven way to save
lives and energy. If all motorists obeyed
the law, we would save almost 6 billion
gallons of motor fuel each year. Compliance with the law also saves lives. For the
three years before the 55 mile-per-hour
speed limit became law annual fatalities
averaged more than 54,000. For the following three years the average dropped to
45,000, proving that the law has been the
single biggest factor in reducing highway
fatalities.
The immense expenditure for individual driving adds to inflation, seriously
affects our balance of payments, and
threatens our standard of living. Careful
selection, operation, and maintenance of
our vehicles can reverse the trend in operating costs for all of us and reduce the
need for imported oil.
Ridesharing has enormous energy-saving potential and can reduce substantially
our Nation's dependence on imported oil.
Currently, 52 million people drive alone
to work. If these drivers joined together in
sharing the ride, at least 26 million cars
would be removed from our congested
highways, and we could save an additional
22.7 million gallons of fuel each workday
and help improve our air quality.
In view of the contributions of these
measures to the conservation of our energy
resources, Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY
CARTER, President of the United States of
America, designate
Monday, May 12, 1980, as National
Public Transit Day
Tuesday, May 13, 1980, as National
Drive 55 Day
Wednesday, May 14, 1980, as National
Driver Efficiency Day, and
Thursday, May 15, 1980, as National
Ridesharing Day.
I urge all Governors, appropriate Federal officials, transportation organizations,
and the people of the United States to
join with the U.S. Department of Transportation in observing these days in recognition of the vital role that transportation
plays in our daily lives and in the future
of an energy-secure America.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-eighth day
of April, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:01 p.m., April 28, 1980]
Mental Health Month
Statement by the President. April 28, 1980
Mental illness exacts a terrible toll on
our people. The President's Commission
on Mental Health found that as many as
25 percent of Americans may suffer from
depression, anxiety, or some other form of
emotional disorder at any given time. The
victims may be children as well as adults,
country people as well as city dwellers,
the powerless as well as the powerful, the
ordinary man and woman next door as
well as the person subjected to extraordinary outside pressure.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 28
Yet millions of people are still afraid
or ashamed to seek the help and support
that can cure a mild disturbance and prevent its becoming a serious disability. In
its final report, the Commission concluded that we must devote more time
and energy to the understanding and prevention of mental illness.
During May-Mental Health Monththe National Mental Health Association
will embark on a permanent, nationwide
campaign to teach Americans how to reduce and cope with psychological stress,
one of the most serious and costly threats
to the health of our people.
The National Mental Health Association, composed of a million volunteers
working through 850 State and local
affiliated organizations, has worked for
better mental health care ever since it was
founded in 1909. I urge all Americans to
cooperate with the Association during
May by opening their minds to a better
understanding of mental health and of
the ways to recognize, reduce, and deal
with unhealthy stress.
Regulatory Reform
Statement on Receiving a Report From the
Regulatory Council. April 28, 1980
I have today received a report from the
Regulatory Council summarizing reform
actions taken by executive and independent regulatory agencies since 1978. The
report outlines more than 130 reform
initiatives undertaken by executive and
independent agencies. I am pleased to receive the report, and I thank the Regulatory Council and its Chair, Douglas
Costle, for preparing it.
Since I took office, this administration
has been working to eliminate unneeded
regulations and to reduce the burdens
imposed by those we do need. Regulatory
reform can make it possible to achieve
important regulatory goals, such as clean
air and water, safer workplaces and products, and an end to discrimination, more
effectively and at less cost than in the
past.
When competition is held back by Federal regulatory intervention, the result is
higher prices. Working with Congress, we
have pushed forward the broadest economic deregulation program in the history of this Nation. Total or partial
deregulation is underway for the airlines,
crude oil and natural gas, and financial
institutions. I am now working with
Congress to reduce regulation in the
trucking, railroad, and communications
industries. In the meantime, as this report
demonstrates, the departments and agencies responsible for these industries have
taken steps to enhance competition under
their existing authority.
The benefit to our Nation from these
efforts is clear. Deregulation of the airline industry, for instance, has saved consumers $5 billion over the past 2 years.
Trucking deregulation will save, by the
Congressional Budget Office's estimate,
about $8 billion a year.
During the past 3 years, I have used
my authority as President to improve and
streamline the overall process of regulation and to reduce paperwork requirements by 15 percent. I am working with
Congress to complete action this session
on my regulation reform act. I am pleased
that this report demonstrates the strong
commitment to regulatory reform of the
men and women I appointed to manage
the regulatory system.
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Apr. 28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
San Antonio, Texas
Remarks and an Informal Exchange With
Reporters After Visiting the Five Men
Injured During the Rescue Attempt for
American Hostages in Iran. April 28, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I just had the high privilege and honor of visiting five brave
men-Americans who were willing to
offer their lives for the freedom of their
fellow Americans who are being held hostage in Iran: Airman Bill Tootle, Staff
Sergeant Joseph Beyers, Lieutenant Jeffrey Harrison, Major Leslie Petty, Major
James Schafer.
Every one of these men expressed to me
immediately their gratitude for a chance
to participate in this rescue operation and
their immediate offer to continue in every
possible way, including a repetition of the
offer of their lives, to secure the safety and
the freedom of the hostages. All of them
are doing well. Two of them are seriously
injured, but recovering satisfactorily from
their burns. And our Nation owes to them
a great debt of gratitude and appreciation
and respect and admiration for their
willingness to sacrifice in the highest call
of their chosen profession.
This has been a long and difficult time
for our Nation. But we are reinspired and
rededicated to freedom and the responsibilities of a free nation in a democracy by
the self-sacrificial and heroic attitude of
these men.
I am overwhelmed with emotion when
I look at and speak to these men. And I'm
filled with a sense of abhorrence and horror at the actions of Iranian officials in
recent days, who violated all principles of
humanity and decency by exhibiting the
bodies of the fellow warriors of these brave
men in Iran. They did not and could not
bring dishonor on those who fell in the
performance of their duty. They only
brought dishonor on themselves, and they
indicated by this inhumane act of displaying these bodies the kind of people with
whom we have been dealing to try to secure the freedom of our fellow Americans.
This is a proud and great nation. We
want peace with all. We believe in treating others with respect and with good will
and with decency, but with strength. And
we are as determined and as deeply committed now as we have ever been to secure
the freedom of our fellow Americans.
Thank you very much for letting me appear before you to express the feelings and
the appreciation of a grateful nation to
the officers and men whom I have just
had the honor to visit.
Thank you very much.
REPORTER. Mr. President, how badly
does Secretary Vance's resignation hurt
you and also hurt the efforts to free the
hostages?
THE PRESIDENT. Secretary Vance is a
fine and dedicated man who has served
me and served this Nation well. He leaves
his post with a series of great accomplishments behind him, with an offer to help
me in any way I ask him in the future,
and with my gratitude and friendship
intact. His departure did not have any adverse effect at all on the efforts to rescue
the American hostages.
Q. Excuse me, sir, I was asking about
the future.
THE PRESIDENT. Nor will it have any
impact on the future.
Q. Do you have any idea of the whereabouts now of the hostages or when the
bodies will be returned to the United
States?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know when
the bodies will be returned. What we
know about the whereabouts of the hostages, I think, would best not be discussed.
Q. What can we do next, sir? What can
we do in Iran?
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
THE PRESIDENT. I can't say.
Q. So, that means that you do know?
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:25 p.m. outside the Brooks Army Medical Center at Fort
Sam Houston, after visiting Staff Sergeant
Beyers, Lieutenant Harrison, and Majors Petty
and Schafer. While at the Center, the President also met with members of Sergeant Beyers'
and Major Petty's families.
Earlier, the President had visited Airman
Tootle in Wilford Hall of the U.S. Air Force
Medical Center at Lackland Air Force Base.
Energy Conservation in
Transportation
Remarks at a White House Briefing.
April 29, 1980
I'd like to thank all of you personally,
first of all, for coming to this event this
afternoon. I know that you're deeply interested in the energy security of our Nation, and I know that there are many
other important issues which are of great
concern to you as leaders in your own
community and in your own professions.
The disappointing events in Iran have
been of great concern to our Nation, and
I know they must encompass a large part
of your consciousness and your thoughts
during these troubling days. As President
and Commander in Chief, I have been
very proud lately of the strength of our
Nation, the unity of our country, the commitment of our people, the heroism of our
warriors who offered their lives for the
concept of freedom and for the freedom of
our American hostages.
This evening I have a press conference,
and I'll discuss these and other issues of
importance to our conutry at that time.
But I would like to say that I am abso
lutely sure that I made the right choice in
sending the rescue mission into Iran, and
the men who went have expressed their
personal thanks to me for giving them this
opportunity to serve their country.
This afternoon, because of the importance of our subject, I want to move directly into it. It concerns you and every
human being who lives in this country.
And we must not forget that the recent
events in Afghanistan and Iran and the
Middle East, our relationship with our
allies around the world, economic problems which are faced by our Nation and
others, are all directly related to the subject which we will discuss this afternoon.
There is no single action that I can
think of that all Americans can take that
would be any more beneficial than to come
to the conclusion that energy is a precious
and a scarce and an expensive necessity of
life. To put it bluntly, we must not let
America be held hostage to foreign oil.
We must conserve it, eliminate waste in
every possible way we can.
Our country is at one end of a 12,000 -mile supply line, and half the oil that we
use is on the other end of that supply line.
Energy security is a vital link, also, between national military security on the
one hand, and economic security at home.
Our dependence on imported oil this year
will cost us $90 billion. That's more than
$400 for every man, woman, and child in
this country, and it's more than the net
income of all the Fortune 500 combined.
Oil imports are the greatest single factor
in the high inflation which afflicts our
country. Oil imports hurt our balance of
trade, it hurts our productivity, it hurts
our unemployment rate, it hurts the value
of our dollar.
For the last 3 years, as you know, I've
been fighting without letup, working with
the Congress and with many of you, to
evolve for our country a comprehensive
national energy policy, which we have
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Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
never had. We've almost reached that
goal.
There's a clear legal basis now for the
deregulation of our major energy sources
over a phased, careful, proper interval.
We've got the windfall profits tax now
signed into law and implemented. The
Energy Security Corporation and the
Energy Mobilization Board legislation is
well on the way to conclusion by the conference committees, and I hope that
within the very near future-just a matter
of weeks-we will have concluded this
very difficult, very onerous, very divisive
task which the Congress has assumed for
itself.
America will at last have the means to
increase production in this country of oil,
natural gas, coal, of solar power, and
other alternative energy sources, and to
have a major emphasis on conservation.
It's a comprehensive program; it has to
be, because it's such a massive problem.
We have clarified issues which have never
been adequately debated before. We have
a much clearer concept now of the problem and of the possible solutions to that
problem.
Our Nation is highly educated compared to what it was 2 years ago or 3
years ago concerning the problems relating to energy and the special blessings
which our country has in our energy reserves. But we will never reach our goals
of energy security without a nationwide
determination to use energy more efficiently. For 3 years, I have been advocating repeatedly that the best energy that
we can describe or encompass is that
which we save, which we do not waste.
It's the quickest, cheapest, cleanest way
to increase the reserves of energy which
we actually need to consume. And we're
at last seeing some good results.
As you know, in our country in the past,
in most countries still, there has been a
rapid escalation from one year to another
in the amount of total energy consumed,
particularly oil. Last year we saw a 5-percent reduction-this year compared to
last year-in oil consumed. But perils
abroad and the high prices at home still
make it clear to all Americans, including,
I know, all of you assembled here, that
we must do more.
I believe that if we can launch successfully a clear, dedicated, persistent effort
that will involve literally millions of
Americans, that we can finally achieve the
purpose that we've endorsed. We can accomplish a 25-percent reduction in energy
used for transportation, for heating and
cooling buildings, and for industry.
On March the 14th, I directed the Secretary of Energy to develop an intensified
national energy conservation program
which would involve every level of government, business, labor, private citizensin fact, every citizen-in conserving
America's energy. At the same time, I set
a goal of reducing our average daily gasoline consumption by 400,000 barrels per
day in 1980 alone. That's an annual savings of about $6 billion.
The first of these efforts, developed
with the cooperation of Secretary Goldschmidt, Department of Transportation,
concentrates on transportation, and followup programs will extend to family
residences, buildings of all kinds, and to
farms. Buildings will be primarily relating
to HUD, under Secretary Landrieu, and
farm conservation will be primarily the
responsibility of Secretary Bergland.
Commerce Secretary Klutznick is
working closely with this group to encourage broad participation by businesses in
their operations and within their buildings
themselves. We're trying to make this
effort available to all parts of the Nation,
with a series of regional meetings and
788
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
training programs which will educate the
public.
Transportation is our first priority not
by accident, but because gasoline accounts
for approximately 50 percent of all the
oil that we use in this country. Less driving and better driving are simply commonsense ways to save money and to help
our own country.
The initial conservation approaches are
designed for ridesharing and for driving
efficiency. This, again, is a challenging
and a complicated subject. By ridesharing I don't mean just carpools and vanpools, but subscription buses and public
transit and also the absence of the use of
any motorized vehicle. This morning, for
instance, more than 52 million Americans drove to work alone. That's 156 million empty seats going to places of employment every day. If just half these commuters had doubled up, the country could
have saved 14.7 million barrels of gasoline this day. That's 375,000 barrels of oil.
Last fall, I appointed a national task
force under Secretary Goldschmidt to develop ridesharing programs for the public and private sectors. Mayor Tom Bradley is the chairman. Governor Grasso,
Thornton Bradshaw, and other members
of the task force have been working on
this program effectively and with a great
deal of determination.
Some organizations have already instituted payroll deductions to make it more
convenient for their employees to commute by public transit. Some have developed extensive carpools and vanpool
programs. They can do more, and others
can certainly join this effort.
Here are some of the other important
efforts that we are encouraging: driver
training; trip planning; improved vehicle
mileage, operation, and maintenance; and
compliance with speed limits. It's esti
mated that a well-tuned, well-driven, fuelefficient car with properly inflated tires
can use up to 20 percent less gasoline.
It also makes good sense to save money
by walking and by riding bicycles to nearby shopping centers or for short trips,
especially if the employees and the stores
provide proper facilities. Individual good
sense and common good are one and the
same thing.
Many of you here already have programs, I know, to encourage such savings,
and I urge you to redouble your efforts. I
also urge others to get started now.
As we enter our heaviest driving season
of the year, I call on all members of the
private and the public sectors to encourage ridesharing and transit use, promote
better driver efficiency, and to inform the
public, through various means of education and promotion and advertisement,
of the methods and the advantages of
conservation.
I'm specifically asking each one of you
to commit to the specific goals that are set
for your organization in the material that
you've been given. Some of these goals
are to establish a 20-percent participation
by all employees in a business; if you
already have a good program, to increase
by 20 percent the number of employees
who are participating. We call this the
20/20 program. It will promote fuelefficient motoring by individual motorists
and also by vehicle fleets.
I hope that you will conduct information programs to teach your own employees and teach the general public
about how they can realize savings
through better driving habits and to appoint an energy conservation manager in
each company or firm or goverment entity in order to be specifically responsible
for carrying out these goals. I ask that
you respond by May 15 to the question
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Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
naire that we have included in this material given to you, pledge forms, just saying that you will set an example, as leaders, in initiating this transportation conservation program. And I would like to
have a complete report through Secretary
Goldschmidt by Labor Day, and again at
the end of this year.
Along with the transportation effort,
we're also focusing on ways that the farmers can cut production costs and increase
income through fuel-saving devices. Fuel
now represents about 17 percent of the
total expenditure on expenses of a farm.
If, in 1980, farmers were able to just save
5 percent of their energy consumed
through conservation practices, their net
farm income would be increased $425
million, and 10 million barrels of oil could
be saved.
We'll also launch very shortly another
parallel effort on building weatherization.
We've already been doing experiments
under a Federal agency to take choice
buildings, carefully selected, in specific
communities around the Nation, to see
which kinds of weatherization programs
are the most effective per dollar in saving
energy.
I know that business, again, labor, all
citizens, can participate. To produce a
high level of citizen participation and to
publicize progress, I'm establishing a
President's award program for energy efficiency. The first awards will be designed
to recognize those who've done the best
job in saving energy in transportation. A
council for energy efficiency will represent
all sectors of our society in encouraging
efforts to achieve energy efficiency overall.
The most difficult, single job in the entire crucial effort in our country to save
energy and to give us better national
security is to convince every single Ameri
can that he or she, as just one individual,
can take action that will truly be significant. The cumulative effect of that is profound, but it's difficult to convince every
person that their small part can be
meaningful.
This is not an easy thing to do. I'm not
asking anyone in this room to do anything that I will not attempt to accomplish under my responsibility in the Federal Government. Secretary Duncan and
Administrator Freeman of GSA-they are
the Federal Government's management
arm-have assured me that the Federal
Government will undertake the same accomplishments of goals that I'm asking
you to take yourselves. But it's your cooperation that the Nation needs most.
There is no way that the cumulative impact of the entire Federal Government,
with all its programs, can come close to
meeting the achievements that are possible in the private sector.
Well, in concluding, let me say that the
250 groups represented here today, as
dedicated and competent leaders, trusted
by your peers and by your subordinatesand by your employers, if the heads of
your corporations are not here today-can
pyramid into literally thousands of groups
and represent literally millions of Americans.
For transportation in particular, our
goal is to reach every single driver in the
United States. And for our conservation
effort in its general terms, including
homes and agriculture and business, our
goal is to reach every single citizen in this
country.
The benefits to our country will be
great. The consequences of failure will
also be profound. I have never known in
history our Nation to fail if it could identify a problem clearly and unite in the
effort to solve that problem. My own assessment, after 3 years of intense effort,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
sometimes frustrating effort, is that the
American people have finally been
aroused to recognize the problem of
limited energy resources. Interrupted supplies, uncertainty among foreign producers, and inevitable past, present, and
future increases in the cost of energy are
indeed powerful motivating forces.
As President, my time is valuable, as is
yours, and I come here recognizing that
this forum this afternoon is important
enough for a President to spend his time
preparing for it and working on it. And
I hope you'll see the task that I've asked
you to assume in the same light, not let
your efforts be limited simply by carrying
out very narrowly, in your own immediate
circle of responsibility, the details of what
is in even that material that you've had,
but to let your own influence be exerted
through meetings similar to this that you
might call in your own community or in
your own trade organizations to magnify
as tremendously as possible your own
beneficial impact on shaping the future of
our country.
It is imperative that our country's security be guaranteed. It's imperative that
our Nation's economic future be protected. And the key element in both those
requirements is to make us less dependent
upon uncertain supplies of foreign oil, and
the effectiveness with which we are able
to marshal a commitment of all Americans to stop wasting energy is the easiest,
the simplest, the most effective but, at the
same time, most challenging task before
us.
We can join what's best for each person
in saving money and having a better life,
what's best for our Nation and its life in
the future, by having a sound economy
and a secure nation through energy conservation. You've got a partner in the
Oval Office who has a high motivation to
work with you, and I'm sure I can depend
on each one of you, as qualified and dedicated and patriotic Americans, to do the
best you can in this important, common
endeavor. We cannot afford to let our Nation down, and I'm sure that you will not
disappoint us.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:48 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House to a group
of business and labor leaders, State and local
officials, and executives of trade associations.
Presentations by Secretary of Energy Duncan and Secretary of Transportation Goldschmidt and a panel discussion followed the
President's remarks to the group.
Department of State
Remarks Announcing the Selection of
Senator Edmund S. Muskie as Secretary.
April 29, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I'm extremely pleased to
announce to the Nation that Senator Ed
Muskie has accepted my offer to become
our next Secretary of State.
Senator Muskie brings to the senior
position in a President's Cabinet years of
experience in foreign policy, a very deep
and profound knowledge of our country,
the esteem and respect of his fellow Senators, sound judgment and integrity which
will be a great asset in this challenging
position.
His extensive knowledge of foreign
affairs will be a very valuable asset as he
joins Warren Christopher, who will be the
Deputy Secretary of State, and their partnership will be a great benefit to our entire Nation. This will provide continuity
for our foreign policy and give us the
strength and wisdom which is necessary
in this important post.
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Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
I'm very grateful this afternoon that
Secretary Vance has joined us. He has
served with distinction and with honor.
The constructive accomplishments of his
administration as Secretary of State have
brought credit not only to him but to our
Nation as well.
Our country has always benefited in
times of trouble when strong men and
women have come forward to serve. I'm
very glad that the strength and vision of
Senator Ed Muskie will now be applied to
the tasks that face us all-the challenge of
defending our Nation's honor, of promoting our national interest, of providing
leadership throughout the world, and
maintaining our country at peace.
It's a distinct pleasure and honor for
me to introduce to this group and to our
Nation, Senator Ed Muskie, who will be
our next Secretary of State. Ed, congratulations to you.
SENATOR MUSKIE. Thank you very
much, Mr. President, for that generous expression of confidence. You notice I didn't
say thank you for the appointment; I'll
reserve that judgment until later. But in
any case, it is a pleasure to have this-and
a privilege-to have this opportunity of
service in a new field in the months ahead.
I've got to say at the outset that I leave
the Senate with very genuine regret. It
has been my home and my life for more
than 20 years. I hope that I've contributed
something to making it a better institution.
May I say, secondly, that to follow in
the footsteps of a close friend and a man
for whom I have the most profound respect is a silver moment. Cy Vance has
been a dedicated and effective world
leader. He has left a legacy of good will
and concern for the welfare of all people.
He has dedicated himself to the endless
search for peace.
The world is in turmoil. The issues are
complex. But I believe that in this instability the United States must be perceived
as stable and as a source of strength in the
free world. As Secretary of State, I will
devote my full energies to achieve these
goals. I respond to this challenge with
genuine hope. America remains a land of
great opportunity.
If these are dangerous times, they are
also times of uncommon opportunities. I
harbor no doubt that the great majority
of Americans share that view and will sacrifice to that end, and I cannot stand in
the wings when so much is at risk and so
many have raised questions about the
country's sense of purpose.
And so let me end as I began: first, to
thank the people of Maine for their unstinting support for many years, and to
recognize a great contribution already
made by Secretary Vance, and my thanks
to the President for an awesome but a
stimulating challenge as I face the months
ahead.
Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mr. Secretary.
NOTE: The President spoke at 5 p.m. to reporters assembled in the Briefing Room at the
White House.
Following his remarks, Senator Muskie
answered reporters' questions, and the question-and-answer session is included in the press
release.
THE PRESIDENT'S
NEWS CONFERENCE OF
APRIL 29, 1980
RESCUE MISSION FOR AMERICAN
HOSTAGES IN IRAN
THE PRESIDENT. Before answering questions this evening, I would like to say a
792
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ap.2
Apr. 29
few words about the rescue mission in
Iran.
I share the disappointment of the
American people that this rescue mission
was not successful, and I also share the
grief of our Nation because we had Americans who were casualties in this effort to
seek freedom for their fellow citizens who
have been held hostage for so long.
But I also share a deep pride in the
commitment and courage and the integrity and the competence and the determination of those who went on this mission. They were prepared to do their duty,
and they did their duty. I can think of no
higher compliment for a Commander in
Chief to pay to brave men.
It was my responsibility as President to
launch this mission. It was my responsibility to terminate the mission when it
ended. This was a decision that was shared
completely by the field commander in
charge of the rescue team and by the officer in charge of the overall force that
was involved in the rescue effort.
There is a deeper failure than that of
incomplete success, and that is the failure
to attempt a worthy effort, a failure to
try. This is a sentiment shared by the men
who went on the mission.
Sunday I met with a large group of
men who were the core of this effort., and
yesterday I visited, in San Antonio area,
the five men who were most seriously
wounded. They all shared a common message to me and to the American people.
The first message was one of regret,
deep regret, that they failed to carry out
the mission as planned. The second one
was an expression of thanks to me for giving them the honor to attempt to deliver
to freedom the American hostages. And
the third was a request, expressed almost
unanimously by them, to be -permitted to
try again.
Our Nation does face serious challenges, serious problems, and the meeting
of those challenges and the solution of
those problems require sacrifice. Sometimes we who are safe consider the sacrifices to be onerous,5 but I forgot those
sacrifices when I looked into the face of
these men who are not only willing but
eager to give their lives as a sacrifice for
others, whom they did not know personally, but in a determination to grant freedom to them.
Our goal in Iran is not to conquer;
neither was theirs. Their goal was not to
destroy nor to injure anyone. As they left
Iran, following an unpredictable accident
during the withdrawal stage, with eight of
their fellow warriors dead, they carefully
released, without harm, 44 Iranians who
had passed by the site and who were detained to protect the integrity of the mission.
This is in sharp comparison to the goulish action of the terrorists and some of the
Government officials in Iran, in our Embassy this weekend, who displayed in a
'horrible exhibition of inhumanity the
bodies of our courageous Americans. This
has aroused the disgust and contempt of
the rest of the world and indicates quite
clearly the kinds of people with whom we
have been dealing in a peaceful effort to
secure a resolution of this crisis. They did
not bring shame and dishonor on those
fallen Americans; they brought shame
and dishonor on themselves.
We will continue to try for a peaceful
solution. As we see the consequences of
the actions that we've already taken, economic and diplomatic actions continue to
punish Iran, a nation that is suffering
from economic deprivation and from political fragmentation because they persist
in this inhuman act.
We will not forget our hostages, and we
will continue to take whatever steps are
793
Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
necessary and feasible to secure their safe
release and their return to their homes
and to freedom.
I'd be glad to answer questions.
Mr. Cormier [Frank Cormier, Associated Press].
QUESTIONS
POSSIBILITY OF FOREIGN POLICY SUMMIT
MEETING
Q. Mr. President, would you consider
an early summit meeting with your principal allies, who seem to seek some reassurance about the basic thrust of your
foreign policy? And I'm talking about a
meeting prior to the Vienna [Venice]
summit in June.
THE PRESIDENT. No, I see no need for
this. There is no doubt among our allies
about our basic foreign policy, nor have
they indicated any such doubt to me. I'm
sure of that.
When we do meet in Venice in June,
the primary purpose of this annual meeting is to discuss economic mattersenergy, inflation, unemployment, the development of our common resources and
a better life for our people. But we have
an adequate time for political discussions
and for discussions about diplomatic matters, and I see no urgency nor need to
meet prior to that time.
TIMING OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, after so many months
of restraint, why did you undertake a mission that involved, endangered so many
lives, a mission that you said was not feasible all along? And with all due respect,
has national pride taken precedence over
the safety of the hostages, that is the need
to end this problem?
THE PRESIDENT. No. I think the time
that we chose was a proper time.
We devoted those months of our hostages' incarceration to repeated and
varied diplomatic efforts directly and
through intermediaries, through the
United Nations, through our friends and
others. We were promised repeatedly by
Iranian officials, by the President, the
Prime Ministers, Foreign Minister, by a
unanimous vote of the Revolutionary
Council, even by the terrorists themselves,
that the hostages would indeed be released
by the terrorists and turned over to control
of the Government, at which time further
steps could be taken to secure their complete release and their return home.
Beginning back in November when the
hostages were first taken, we began preparations for a rescue mission which
would have had to be undertaken had the
hostages been injured in any way. At the
time we began final plans for this particular rescue mission, we had concluded
repeated exercises and training of both
men and equipment and technique and
procedure and had honed it down to a
fine operation, which everyone believed
had a good chance for success.
Had we waited later, it would have
been much [more] difficult to conclude the
mission successfully, because of the increasingly short nights and because of the
prevailing winds being likely to change,
making strong headwinds against our
planes and helicopters, and because the
temperature of the air made it much more
difficult to lift large loads required in this
long and very complicated process.
So, we exhausted every peaceful procedure; we waited until the proper moment; we could not logically have waited
much longer. And I think the decision was
made properly.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
TERMINATION OF HOSTAGE RESCUE
MISSION
Q. Mr. President, this is a Monday
morning quarterback question.
THE PRESIDENT. It's not the first one,
but go ahead.
Q. This is from the side that says you
went too far: What were the odds on the
success of the mission? And then the second question, that you didn't go far
enough: Why didn't you press ahead with
only five helicopters, overrule the guy on
the ground?
THE PRESIDENT. I think the mission
had to be planned with an optimum number of both men and with the equipment
they required in order to ensure secrecy,
incisiveness, staying on a very rigid
schedule, accommodating unforeseen circumstances. And at the time the mission
was terminated, we did it with great
regret. There had been a prior understanding among all of us involved in the
detailed planning that if we got below six
functioning helicopters, the mission to
actually go in for the rescue attempt
would have been very doubtful of success
and ill-conceived. The recommendation
came back from the refueling operation in
the desert area that since they were down
to only five helicopters, that the mission
should not be undertaken-the actual
rescue attempt. The commanding officer
of the entire operation agreed, made this
recommendation to me, and I agreed
myself.
The people who were on the ground in
charge of the rescue team were extremely
eager, courageous, dedicated, and determined to succeed. When they recommended that it not be done, that was a
major factor in my decision. But I made
the final decision.
IRANIAN GUILT AND RESOLUTION OF
HOSTAGE SITUATION
Q. Mr. President, you said a great nation like the United States can be forgiving of its enemies without losing face
or bringing insult on itself.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. In view of the painful bloodshed
and loss of life suffered by so many Iranian people under the Pahlavi rule, by the
53 hostages and their families, and now by
the families of the American soldiers killed
in the rescue attempt, isn't there some
honorable way that the mutual sorrow of
the Iranian people and now the American
people can resolve this crisis without further confrontation? Can you now, will
you now, make a gesture to the people of
Iran so that the bloodshed and suffering
can be put behind after 27 years?
THE PRESIDENT. It's important for
American people and for all the world
to realize the tremendous restraint that
we have demonstrated. We have tried
every possible and feasible effort to resolve this crisis by humanitarian and
peaceful means. We are still continuing
those efforts.
The fact is, though, that a horrible
crime, as measured by international law,
by diplomatic custom, and against humanity itself, is being perpetrated at this
very minute. The 53 hostages being held
are not guilty of any crime. The crime
is being committed by terrorists who are
kidnaping innocent victims, sponsored by
and approved by Government officials
themselves. In two votes in the Security
Council of the United Nations, unanimous
votes, Iran was condemned for this action. And in the International Court of
Justice, that decision was confirmed.
We have nothing against the Iranian
people, and we still want to see this is
795
Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
sue resolved successfully and peacefully.
But there is no guilt that I feel on behalf
of our Nation for what occurs in Iran.
We were very careful on this particular
operation to cause no harm or injury or
death to any Iranians. It is a very troubling thing for me that Americans, because of an accident, did lose their lives
and were injured. They were not met by
any Iranian forces. No Iranian officials
discovered the presence of the American
rescue team until several hours after the
last one had left Iranian soil.
So, we want this issue to be settled, but
we cannot deal with inhumane people
who have no respect for international
law, who violate the tenets of their own
religion, and who persecute innocent people who are American citizens and deprive them of their freedom for 6 months.
There is no equality about it at all.
We are eager to see this issue resolved,
but Iran is the nation which is committing a crime. We have tried to settle this
in accordance with international law and
peacefully, and we will continue to do
so.
AMERICANS KILLED DURING HOSTAGE
RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, you have noted that
Iranian leaders joined in the desecration
of the bodies of American servicemen.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, that's right.
Q. Do you think that this will affect our
negotiations to try to free the hostages,
and what effect do you think it will have?
THE PRESIDENT. The man who supervised the desecration of the bodies was a
member of the Revolutionary Council. I
think it is accurate to say that other members of the Iranian Government did publicly condemn this abhorrent act and have
now promised to deliver the American
bodies to intermediaries, to be delivered,
ultimately, back to our country. We hope
that this commitment will be kept, and I
pray that it will.
But the fact that the terrorists participated in the desecration is an indication
of the kind of people they are and a vivid
indication of the difficulties that we have
experienced in getting what seems to be
required-a unanimous decision by terrorists, the top officials, the Revolutionary
Council, and the Ayatollah Khomeinibefore this crime can be terminated.
Judy [Judy Woodruff, NBC News].
SITUATION IN IRAN AND OTHER PRESIDENTIAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Q. Mr. President, why have you permitted the taking of the hostages in Iran
to continue to monopolize your time and
your attention, when there are other international crises that are equally important to the security of this country and
when your preoccupation with what has
happened in Iran only seems to make the
Iranian leaders more stubborn?
THE PRESIDENT. There is no way that I
could possibly confine my activities or my
attention to one single facet of American
life or diplomacy to the exclusion of
others. It has been a major preoccupation of mine and the American people that
these hostages are held. But we've had to
deal with simultaneous domestic and international problems concurrently.
We have, for instance, met, I think as
forcefully as is practicable and advisable,
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,
mounting economic sanctions against the
Soviet Union, marshaling support of other
nations for the boycott of the Olympics,
letting the Soviets know, with 104 members of the U.N. condemning their action
in the invasion of Afghanistan.
I've spent a great deal of time the last
couple of weeks, for instance, continuing
796
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
our negotiations for peace between Israel
and Egypt and the establishment of autonomous government in the West Bank and
Gaza area. I've worked on inflation problems in our Nation and also on the problem of employment and the dealing with
the diplomatic relationships of a routine
nature with other countries.
So, we have an ongoing program in this
Government that is being well cared for.
It's unfortunate that the hostage situation
has been the human kind of concern that
has been dominant in our consciousness
even when we were doing our duties in
other matters.
NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER AND
SECRETARY OF STATE
Q. Mr. President, there seems to be a
growing impression in this town that your
National Security Adviser is gaining influence at the expense of your Secretary
of State, even speculation that that may
have been a factor in Mr. Vance's resignation. Would you care to comment on
this?
THE PRESIDENT. That's an erroneous
report. I think we have a very good and
proper balance of advisers who comprise
the National Security Council, who work
with me on military and foreign affairs.
I think that Secretary Vance expressed,
as an honorable man, very meticulous in
his language, his reason for resignation. I
regretted his decision. Under the circumstances, I think it was the proper one.
But never in the past and never in the
future while I'm here will there be any unwarranted intervention in the carrying out
of the foreign policy under the aegis of the
State Department. But I reserve the right
to receive advice and counsel from my
advisers. That's the best way I can make
the proper decision once I have all the
facts and all the advice that I seek.
Mr. Schorr [Daniel Schorr, Cable News
Network].
PHASES OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, you've been widely
applauded, judging by the polls, for having made this effort with regard to freeing
the hostages. And it seems to me that if
there are any lingering misgivings among
the American people, it is among those
who wonder whether the whole plan could
have worked without serious danger to
some of the hostages and perhaps to our
international interests. Secretary Vance
has been too meticulous, in your words, to
have expressed objections, but he's supposed to have had objection to the whole
operation.
Within the limits of security, could you
tell us enough about the further planned
phases of this operation, so that Americans
will understand that it could have
worked?
THE PRESIDENT. It would be inadvisable for me to describe the operation
beyond the point that actually did occur.
We had intended to place the rescue
team in an isolated region within a proper
distance of Tehran. And then if everything was satisfactory, if they were undetected, if there was no apparent change
in the circumstances within the compound itself, if the weather conditions
warranted and equipment was in a satisfactory condition, only then were we to
undertake the actual rescue operation.
There's a general consensus, with which
I think no one disagrees, that the actual
rescue operation would have been the
easiest of the three phases; the most difficult, the intrusion into Iran and the
placement of those forces; and the second
most difficult, the actual extraction of our
hostages and men from Iran after the
rescue itself from the compound.
797
Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
But the details of what would have been
undertaken is something that I would prefer not to comment on since it did not
occur.
MINORITIES AND THE ECONOMY
Q. Mr. President, on the economy, the
U.S. economy is basically in a recession,
and to black Americans that means that
we're in a depression. I'm wondering if
you would consider naming an advisory
team or a special commission to look into
resolving some of the problems of blacks
in this depressionary state.
THE PRESIDENT. We have such an
advisory group, made up of both black
Americans who serve in positions of authority and others who happen not to be
members of minority groups, who work
intimately on this problem in a continuing
way.
The decisions to be made in an economy that is suffering from too high interest rates and too high inflation rates
is a very complicated one. We have made
our decisions based on as thorough an
analysis as we could within the Government and with the advice and the counsel of many around the Nation who are
not part of the Federal Government. This
includes, for instance, the mayors of some
of our major cities, who happen to be
black, and other minority groups, like
those who speak Spanish.
I think the most cruel kind of suffering
that is perpetrated economically on a
minority citizen and others is the combination of unemployment in a community and inflation, which afflicts every
American who is employed or not.
I think the proposals that we have put
forward, early last month, to arrest the inflation rate and to start driving down inerest rates and the inflation rate is going
to work. And we have carefully targeted
programs that have not been disturbed,
to maintain as high a level of employment as possible during this transition
phase from a rapidly growing economy
with extremely high inflation and interest
rates, to one that is growing not so fast,
where employment does tend to creep up
and requires Government programs focused upon that unemployment problem.
It's not going to be an easy transition
phase, but we've already seen interest
rates start dropping very rapidly lately. I
think the inflation rate is going to go down
this summer, if we are moderately fortunate, and we're going to do the best we
can to prevent any adverse effect on those
who suffer from unemployment at the
same time.
Mr. Schram [Martin J. Schram, Washington Post].
SECRETARY OF STATE VANCE AND HOSTAGE
RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, I'd like to follow up
an earlier question. Were there aspects of
the military plan that we are not familiar
with that perhaps provided the basis for
Secretary Vance's dissent-perhaps air
strikes-and if not, could you tell us what
your understanding is of just what his dissent was about?
THE PRESIDENT. I think it would be
better to ask him about the specifics. I
think I can say accurately that Secretary
Vance preferred that we not take any
kind of action inside Iran that might have
had any connotation of a military nature.
His preference was to wait longer instead
of mounting the rescue operation. But I
made the decision based on the overwhelming recommendation and concurrence with other advisers. I have no doubt
at all in my mind that it was the right
decision.
798
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 29
Had the operation been successful or
even had it been concluded without complete success, it would have ended a continuing crisis that is destabilizing for the
people of Iran, that's causing them immense political and economic suffering at
this very moment, and it would have made
unnecessary the upcoming economic pressures on Iran, which will be much more
severe when our major allies impose those
same kinds of economic sanctions on Jran
the middle of next month. It woul q also
have meant that we could have bee un rise
storing Iran as an accepted n tsion ini thke
world structure and remove the reasons
for condemnation of thenrs.
So, in my opinion the operation had a
very good chance of success..nd it would
have brought to a conclusion this unfortunate holding of our hostages and ended
what is a very destabilizing political situation in that region of the world.
Q. Mr. President, could I follow up on
that?
THE PRESIDENT. You may.
Q. Just to be specific, there was no
other aspect of the plan with which we
are not familiar that provided the basis
of his dissent; it was just a broad and general dissent?
THE PRESIDENT. I believe that's accurate, but you might want to follow that
up with Secretary Vance later. But I believe that to be a completely accurate
statement.
RISKS OF HOSTAGE RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, following up on your
statement just now, when you were planning the rescue attempt, did you believe
that all the hostages could have been removed from Iran safely, or did you feel
that some could have been killed in the
process? And secondly, do you think that
the United States would be better off to
end the crisis now, even if it means extreme danger to the hostages?
THE PRESIDENT. Obviously an operation of this kind would have had some
risk, but we were convinced that the hostages could be removed successfully and
safely.
HOSTAGE SITUATION AND PRESIDENT S
POLITICAL PROSPECTS
Q. Mr. President, does it seem to you
that if you cannot resolve this crisis soon
it may cost you your renomination or reelection? And does it seem to you that, as
Harry Truman said and as you have said,
the buck stops there, that that would be a
fair judgment?
THE PRESIDENT. The political connotations of the holding of our hostages is not
a factor for me. I've had to make decisions that on occasion might very well
have been unpopular, and some that I
have made may prove to be well advised
in the judgment of the American people.
But I've had to make those decisions under the most difficult circumstances, dealing with a nation's leaders who cannot
speak for their own country and who constantly change their position and even
constantly change their own identity.
But I see no relationship to this effort
that I am continuing with the prospects
or lack of prospects of political benefit to
me or approval in a political circumstance.
EFFECT OF SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAN
Q. Mr. President, as we look at the
situation in Ilan in terms of what they
may understand you might do, what have
you led Iran's leaders to believe would
happen if they harmed the hostages? Do
you think such fear is saving the hostages'
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Apr. 29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
lives now? And if there is such fear, does
that encourage you to refrain from further military action that could endanger
them?
THE PRESIDENT. In November, I think
it was November the 20th, we were constantly hearing from the terrorists who
held our hostages that they would be immediately tried for war crimes and executed. We spelled out to the public, and
therefore to Iran, the extreme adverse
consequences to them if such action should
be taken, without being overly specific,
but letting them know that there would
be serious consequences for their nation
and their people. We specifically spelled
out one step in that process short of military action, and that was the interruption
of commerce to Iran.
Our Nation is firm in its resolve. It's
remarkably united. Our people have been
surprisingly patient. But I don't think
there's any doubt among the leadership in
Iran, in the Government or among the
terrorists themselves, that it is to their
advantage not to physically harm the hostages whom they hold. And I hope they
will be convinced as time goes by-not
much time, I pray-that the adverse consequences of the action that we have already taken, with diplomatic and political
isolation and with economic sanctions, is
fragmenting their own structure of government and dividing their own nation
and preventing Iran from making the progress that was envisioned when they had
the revolution itself.
It's a remarkable commentary on this
fragmentation that in spite of the deep
commitment of their new constitution, the
Ayatollah Khomeini, and their public officials, they have not even been able to
hold an election in Iran after months of
effort.
So, I believe that being joined by our
allies in similar kinds of economic sanc
tions might very well be a factor that
would bring the Iranians to realize that
it's much better for them to release the
hostages unharmed and to resolve this
crisis.
U.S. MILITARY CAPABILITY AND HOSTAGE
RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, can you tonight assure the American people that there is
no connection between the inability of the
American military to retain highly skilled
maintenance and technical personnel and
the abnormally high failure rate of the
helicopters on the rescue mission? And in
a broader sense, does this high failure rate
worry you if it came to a showdown between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in
the Persian Gulf?
THE PRESIDENT. There is no connection, because we focused the enormous resources of our Nation and its elaborate
military capability on this particular
equipment that was used in this operation.
Had there been some shortage of either
technicians or spare parts or maintenance capability, it would not have been
permitted in the particular case of the
helicopters, the C-130's, or the equipment
the men took in for the rescue operation.
So, there is no connection between those
at all.
SENATOR EDMUND S. MUSKIE
Q. Mr. President, could you explain
why you appointed Senator Edmund
Muskie to succeed Cyrus Vance, when
Senator Muskie has limited foreign policy
experience and holds only a secondary
position on the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate?
THE PRESIDENT. Senator Muskie has
more than 20 years experience in the
Senate. He's been heavily involved in
foreign affairs there as a member, as you
800
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 30
point out, of the Foreign Relations Committee. He's played an active role in nationwide campaigns throughout this
country as a Vice-Presidential candidate
and also as a Presidential candidate himself.
He's familiar with our entire Nation.
I think he's highly sensitive about the aspirations and ideals of our country that
ought to be mirrored in its foreign policy.
He's also had a remarkable position in
the Senate as the chairman of the Budget
Committee, where every single proposal
made for the expenditure of Federal funds
in the foreign affairs field or the military
field or the domestic field has to come
before his committee for careful analysis
before it goes to the appropriations committees.
So, because of that broad range of experience and the esteem with which Ed
Muskie is held in this country by Democrats and Republicans and, indeed, because of his international reputation, I
consider him to be extremely well qualified to serve as Secretary of State.
MR. CORMIER. Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Frank.
NOTE: The President's fifty-seventh news conference began at 9 p.m. in the East Room at
the White House. It was broadcast live on radio
and television.
White House Briefing for Civic
and Community Leaders
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session.
April 30, 1980
ENERGY AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
THE PRESIDENT. I know you've had a
very excellent briefing so far on both economics and energy, but I thought I would
take a few minutes to put these issues in
perspective for you from the point of view
of the Oval Office of the President.
When we face each day here in Washington in the Government of the greatest
nation on Earth, responsible for a multitude of issues, there is no way to separate one from another. Energy, inflation,
interest rates, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the holding of our hostages in
Iran, possible peace in the Middle East,
dealing with the problems in Africa, moving forward with legislation on a broad
basis, for budget matters both in defense
as contrasted with and cooperative with
domestic programs-they all fit in together in a common package.
Our country is faced with some very
serious challenges, very serious problems,
difficult issues. But the overall impression
I have is a nation of strength, a nation
of unity, a nation of commitment, a nation of confidence, a nation of determination, and a nation with a history of not
ever yielding to despair and not ever being
willing to give up in a common effort to
overcome whatever obstacle presents itself to us. We've been through much more
difficult times in the past, and we have
never failed, and there is no concern in
my mind about the prospect of failure to
meet these challenges which are so apparent to us now.
We do have extremely high inflation
rates, very high interest rates. They are
intimately tied to OPEC decisions on oil
price. And as you know, in the last 16
months oil prices have increased 150 percent. This has been an extraordinary
shock not only to our own domestic economic structure but to those of other nations around the world who are much
more dependent on imported oil than are
we.
To put in perspective how much we
are dependent on imported oil, it's about
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50 percent of the amount that we consume. We will spend this year about $90
billion in foreign countries to buy their
oil. This amounts to about $400 for every
man, woman, and child in our country.
And as I said before, it's more than the
total net income of all the Fortune 500
business corporations in our country. This
is a drain of American assets of money
that could be used to hold down the inflation rate, to redress our balance of
trade problems, and to provide jobs and
a better life for American people.
There are only two ways to deal with
the energy problem. One is to save energy, to quit wasting energy, to be more
conservation minded, not on a broad, uncertain, nonspecific basis, but in our own
lives-in our homes, going to and from
work, on the job-to save energy. And
the second thing, to cut down imports, is
to produce more energy at home-oil,
natural gas, coal, solar power, geothermal
energy, hydroelectric energy, and of
course, those kinds of energy that we can
derive from coal and from shale deposits
and other things with which our Nation
is enormously blessed.
So, we've got the facilities in our country and we've been blessed with the natural resources in our country to solve our
problems. We also have freedom in our
own lives and in our free enterprise system, which gives us an opportunity to
tap a wonderful educational system, the
innovation and entrepreneurship that
have let our Nation overcome business
and economic problems in the past and
be kind of a cutting edge for the rest of
the world in technological advances that
will open up vistas of a better life for us
that we can't even dream about now.
I might point out, too, that conservation, which seems to be kind of an onerous
or restricting thing, can be an exciting
thing. It need not reduce the quality of
life of American people to ride more efficiently to and from work or to stop a
drafty house from leaking energy out in
the wintertime or to keep a house naturally cooler in the summertime or to have
a family closer together, walking or running or riding on short trips together
rather than taking a big car and riding
two blocks to and from the nearest shopping center. So, we can have a better life
at the same time we stop wasting money,
and also, of course, we can save money
for ourselves and help our Nation at the
same time.
I think we've made remarkable progress already since the anti-inflation effort
was mounted, announced, the first part of
March. It's not going to be an easy thing.
There are no magic answers. You can't
legislate inflation and interest rates down.
There has to be a general sense among
the financial community leaders of our
Nation, the business and labor leaders of
our country, government leaders at all
levels of government, and average citizens
that we are indeed going to succeed and,
therefore, we need not build our lives'
plans on rapidly decreasing value of
money, rapidly increasing prices of
products.
I think that realization is setting in. We
have had remarkable reductions in interest rates, as you know; the last few weeks,
a precipitous drop in interest rates. Home
mortgage rates are going to go down. And
I think by this summertime, if we are
reasonably fortunate, we will have additional reductions in the inflation rate to
bless our people. At the same time, we
need to be sure that we don't let unemployment go up too much. And by the
focusing of existing Federal programs and
not cutting them back, we can provide
jobs for those who need them most.
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The Mideast, the Persian Gulf region
provides about 90 percent of all the oil
that's sold for export in the world. It's a
12,000-mile pipeline from there to here
and from there to other countries on
Earth. And when there is a disturbance
in the Middle East, when there is a Palestinian problem in the Middle East not
resolved, when there's enmity between
Egypt and Israel or between Israel and
her neighbors, or when there's an unstable
Iran or an invasion of Afghanistan by the
Soviet Union, this aggravates our Nation's
energy problems, because our security,
both military and economic security, is
predicated on an adequate supply of
energy. There is no way to separate one
from another.
We've got strong allies. We are now in
a mood in this country to recognize, for
the first time, that there are limits on what
Americans can use. Energy will be a precious thing in the future, precious in that
it will be increasingly scarce, precious in
that it will be more costly. It's an exciting challenge to us to deal with this problem together. We need not be afraid. We
need not search for scapegoats. We need
not turn one against another. We need not
be selfish and grasp for some privilege
within a society of which we are all a
part.
So, my report to you is one of confidence
and a call for unity and a call for personal commitment and a reasonable
amount of sacrifice. Those are characteristics of great Americans, not famous
Americans, but average, great Americans
in a family home, on a job, caring for one
another, proud of our opportunities to
participate in the political and economic
structure of our country.
I'd be glad to answer a few questions
for you now.
QUESTIONS
REVENUE SHARING PROGRAM
Q. Mr. President, it has been mentioned
that the revenue sharing program would
be severed. I represent-I'm a city councilman as well as a county commissioner
of a small town.
THE PRESIDENT. Where about?
Q. Dyersburg, Tennessee. Hopefully, if
those programs are severed, the administration will carefully consider a phasing
out gradually over, say, a 5-year period of
time, to give the small governmental officials the time to adjust and to try and
work out our budgets. And we'd certainly
appreciate your consideration on that, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. There will be no reduction, if my recommendations are carried out, in the local portion of revenue
sharing that goes to cities and counties.
You can depend upon that. I think the
Congress will abide by that recommendation. And of the revenue sharing money
that has been going to States, we're asking for $500 million each year for 2 years
to continue to go not to the States, but
passed through to the local governments
to help tide over that slight reduction for
the next 2 years.
PRESIDENT S RESPONSIBILITIES AND
TRAVEL PLANS
Q. Mr. President, out of the problems
and challenges in life, we all know, come
many opportunities. In view of the most
recent developments in Iran, is there a
chance that the people can see you, that
you can be with them and you can get
out in the countryside, you can get out in
the States and be with us?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know, it's
been a long time that I have stayed in the
White House, under extraordinary cir
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
cumstances that have demanded my presence here and which still demand almost
all of my time. But times change, and a
lot of the responsibilities that have been
on my shoulders in the past few months
have now been alleviated to some degree.
I'm determined that I will always keep
before the American people, vividly in our
minds and hearts, the plight of the American hostages. But we now have completed
a rescue operation which was complicated
and which was, unfortunately, not successful. We have now convinced our major
allies around the world to join us in an
effort to convince the Iranians that it's to
their advantage to resolve this hostage
crisis at the earliest possible moment.
We have completed our economic sanctions or actions against the Soviet Union
as a result of their invasion of Afghanistan, and we are inducing dozens and
dozens of other nations to join with us in
a boycott of the Moscow Olympics this
summer, an issue that was severely in
doubt a few months ago. We're trying to
convince the Soviets that they made a mistake by going into Afghanistan, that they
will suffer the consequences of it, and they
ought not to depend upon armed aggression to carry out their purposes in that
part of the world.
We've also completed the anti-inflation
proposals to the Congress, and they seem
to be well on the way to being accepted,
not only there but within the financial
community and the Federal Reserve
Board and also among the people of this
country. I can't predict immediate success, but the trend is in the right direction.
And of course, the energy legislationthe windfall profits tax and, I think, the
energy mobilization board-is now in
good shape. We're working on the last
piece of legislation. We will have very
shortly, in my opinion, a comprehensive
energy policy for our country for the first
time.
None of these challenges are completely
removed, but I believe they are manageable enough now for me to leave the
White House for a limited travel schedule,
including some campaigning if I choose
to do so, in order to explain to the American people how these things can be
brought to a successful conclusion and to
receive at firsthand, as I have in the past
through the Vice President, my family,
and others, direct opinions of the American people. So, I will, in the next few
weeks, in a limited way, travel more than
I have been doing in the past.
U.S. MILITARY CAPABILITY AND HOSTAGE
RESCUE MISSION
Q. Mr. President, I come from a rural
area in Tennessee, and the reaction of
people to the rescue attempt was pride in
your courage in ordering the mission and
pride in the men who went on the mission.
But there was deep concern and a feeling
of frustration over the maintenance problems that caused the mission to be
scrubbed and a feeling perhaps that we've
lost our maintenance skills in the military.
Would you comment on that please, sir?
THE PRESIDENT. I'll be glad to.
I might say, first of all, that I don't deserve any credit for any degree of courage.
The only thing I risked was some criticism
that I didn't handle it well or that I was
not a decisive leader or that I was incompetent and some adverse fallout, maybe,
from the electorate on primary days.
That's absolutely insignificant as contrasted with the courage shown by the men
who were not only willing but eager to lay
down their lives-and some did-for the
freedom and the safety of the American
people. So, the credit ought to go to those
who undertook the mission.
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There is no question in my mind that
the degree of maintenance and the capability of our equipment was very good.
There is no other nation on Earth, including the Soviet Union, who could possibly
have even attempted such a mission-the
placement of our forces in the Indian
Ocean with two major carrier task forces,
the careful planning and training that was
required, the travel of 600 land miles, nonstop flight in the dark, through storms,
over mountains, into an isolated area of
the jungle [desert],' where night vision devices were required to land, the sure
knowledge from aerial surveillance that
this was a proper place to land, when none
of these people had had a chance to practice there.
These kinds of extremely complicated
technical problems did strain the equipment. And it's obvious that no one anticipated this high a degree of failure in the
helicopters, at least two mechanical failures and some problem with the other that
had to turn back to the carrier. It was unpredictable, and we had bad luck as far
as the number that were afflicted. But it's
no reflection on our country.
And I can assure you that those helicopters were the finest that could be designed. They were not designed for that
kind of mission. They were minesweepers,
and they had been converted. And the
crew had trained in the same kind of helicopters in many instances, simulating that
mission that was not succesful. And the
maintenance of those helicopters was done
by the finest, best trained maintenance
people that we have in this country, perhaps in the world. So, you need not be concerned about that.
It was highly likely to succeed. There
was just an unfortunate set of circum1 White House correction.
stances that caused us to interrupt the mission. Our country is the only one that
could have possibly tried that kind of
mission.
EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS AND FEDERAL
BUDGET
Q. I'm a city councilman in a small city
to the north of here called Baltimore.
[Laughter] First, the people that I've
talked to certainly support your actions to
attempt the rescue of the hostages. And
I'm not going to be a Monday morning
quarterback and say you should've done
this, that, or the other; I'll offer my services in the future, if you ever decide to[laughter].
A concern we have, I think, with your
current budget-and it's one, I think, that
all major cities feel-is that we have a
very, very high unemployment rate of
blacks, [inaudible], teenagers, and we're
very much afraid that cutbacks in the programs will exacerbate the conditions that
exist in unemployment in that group of
people.
THE PRESIDENT. Let me say that this is
a matter that's been of great concern to us
also, that in this transition phase from
high inflation and high interest into a
slower growing economy, with a recession,
I think, already commenced, to minimize
the impact of a recession on the unemployment rate.
We're very proud of what's been done
in this last 3 years, with a net increase of
9 million new jobs, at least a million of
those going to minority employees. And
we hope to maintain that. In the budget
revisions, we have not cut back on employment programs. We still have scheduled,
for instance, a million youth jobs for this
summer. The CETA jobs-400,000-are
still intact. As a matter of fact, we are
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
adding a youth program that, if passed by
this year's Congress, can add a large number of additional jobs in the future.
We've also not cut back on programs
like social security, SSI benefits, Aid for
Families with Dependent Children, Meals
on Wheels. Those kind of things have not
been cut back.
On housing, which is a heavily afflicted
industry, we are increasing substantially
our federally assisted housing units-a
very large increase in money involved for
1981 fiscal year compared to this year.
We've got a 25-percent increase, not a decrease, in federally assisted housing next
year compared to this year. And in addition to that, we'll add another hundred
thousand units, under the 235 program,
which will have low interest loans. I think,
on top of all that, we'll see a decrease in
mortgage rates now that interest rates are
coming down.
I would like to ask all of you who are
interested in the same question to compare my budget, for which we're going to
scrap as hard as we can in the Congress,
with either the House Budget Committee's
recommendation or, even worse, the Senate Budget Committee's recommendation.
We've got a tough battle on our hands.
And those of you who are interested in
employment, those of you who are interested in housing, those of you who are interested in the elderly and the poor, those
of you who are interested in the cities had
better join in with us on the same team to
protect the budget that I proposed to the
Congress, because it's under severe attack.
Votes are being taken this day, and other
votes tomorrow and perhaps carried over
till Monday in the House, that could cut
another $5 billion out of those very programs that are of concern to us.
My proposal, I believe, is a well-balanced proposal, and as this process goes
on this year, we're going to fight as hard
as we can to protect it. And we need your
help very badly.
Maybe one more question-on the
aisle, over there.
STRENGTH OF UNITED STATES
Q. Mr. President, over the past few
years, there seems to be a growing sense
of frustration in that we have seemed to
have lost a hold on our ability to influence events. The Soviet Union seems to
push us around with impunity and other
smaller countries, too. Is there a crisis of
will, a crisis of our political institutions
and their ability to handle themselves, or
what do you think is the most single problem that you should be addressing yourself to?
THE PRESIDENT. No, there's no loss of
will. And I think that we ought to stop
every now and then and not only inventory what we have but also think about
what we have accomplished.
Ours is a nation of great strengtheconomically, politically, militarily, and
as I say every time, I think morally and
ethically as well. We're a nation of not
decreasing, but growing strength.
We've got allies that are loyal to us.
They have a new commitment, for instance, to strengthen NATO, to stand
firmly in Japan-I'll be meeting with the
Prime Minister of Japan tomorrow-with
Australia, New Zealand, our other major
military treaties. We have gained tremendously in the last few years. I'll just give
you two or three examples, that will not
be confined just to my own administration.
It hasn't been too long ago that the
largest, most powerful, most heavily populated Arab country was a close associ
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Apr. 30
ate and friend and a dependent of the
Soviet Union; that's Egypt. Egypt is now
a very close, firm, solid friend of ours.
The Soviets lost, we gained, the largest,
most influential, most powerful, richest
black nation on Earth-Nigeria. When I
became President, it was strongly oriented
away from us, toward the Soviet Union.
When Secretary Kissinger tried to pay a
visit to Nigeria, he was refused admittance to the country. And now Nigeria is
one of not only our best trading partners
but one of our closest friends and allies.
It wasn't too long ago that the Soviets
and the Chinese-the People's Republic
of China-were close associates, Communist friends, and allies. And just the last
couple of years, as you know, we've
formed a new friendship with a quarter of
the total population on Earth, when we
had not had diplomatic relationships with
the people of China for many years. We've
not severed our good trade relationships,
friendship with the people on Taiwan,
either.
I think our country is generally acknowledged to be the leader in the protection of principles which we hold very
dear and which are a basis for our national strength, and that is a belief in
human rights, democratic government,
and the value of each individual human
being. We've not yielded on that.
When I came into office, NATO was
very troubled about our country's attitude
toward the defense of Western Europe.
It's only been a few years ago that a large
number of Members of the United States
Senate had called for the withdrawal of
either half or all the American service
people who serve in and help to protect
Western Europe and our own freedom.
Now there's a new sense of commitment
and spirit and common purpose and part
nership and confidence in one another in
NATO that did not exist before.
It's just been a couple of years ago
when it would have been inconceivable
that any Arab leader would sit down with
any Jewish leader representing Israel and
even talk to them. I could not even get
them to sit at the same table, under the
auspices of the United Nations or us, the
first year that I was President. And now
we've seen peace established between Israel and the most important single Arab
country. The borders are opened, diplomatic recognition established, Ambassadors exchanged, tourists flying back and
forth between Cairo and Alexandria in
Egypt and Tel Aviv and Jerusalem in
Israel.
We've seen a major new nation formed
lately, with our help and the help of the
British, when Rhodesia was changed into
Zimbabwe, with free and open democratic
elections. And the leader of Zimbabwe,
who was formerly looked upon as a Marxist and a hater and an enemy of the
United States-Mugabe-has now, I
think, become one of our strong and potentially very good and loyal friends.
So, in the structure of things, I believe
that our Nation is building its strength
and not suffering. What gives us the impression is that when we read the newspapers and watch the television and listen
to the radio, what impresses itself on our
consciousness is that day's particular publicized events-the debate that takes place
when people have an honest difference of
agreement, the temporary disappointment
that makes people sad or disturbed, or
the transient inconveniences.
But when we assess who we are and
where we are and what our blessings are
and the strength of our country and
where we have an opportunity to go in the
future and what we've accomplished in
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the recent past and how we measure up
in representing the principles and the morality and the commitments and the ideals
that have made this country so great, God
knows and I know that we are blessed
beyond all people. And I'm determined,
as your President, to remind people of
those facts and to continue, with your
help, to make the greatest nation on
Earth even greater in the future.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:17 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
Luis Munfoz Marin
Statement on the Death of the Former
Governor of Puerto Rico. April 30, 1980
All the people of the United States join
me in expressing to the people of Puerto
Rico our deep sorrow upon the death of
one of Puerto Rico's great leaders and
first elected Governor, Luis Munfioz Marin.
As a poet, writer, and editor, he was an
accomplished contributor to our knowledge and understanding. As a political
leader, he marched in the first rank of the
20th-century leaders.
In his efforts to improve the living conditions of the poor and the disadvantaged
in Puerto Rico, Munoz Marin opened the
way for many of the most innovative programs of social and economic aid. He was
joined in these efforts by other distinguished leaders in our hemisphere, and
with them, he not only improved relations
between the United States and Latin
America but greatly advanced the struggle to strengthen democracy throughout
Latin America.
His death leaves us without one of the
great leaders of democracy in the world.
The United States awarded him the
Medal of Freedom in recognition of the
contributions of this great man. His
people and the people of the United States
will keep his memory alive as an inspiration to keep striving for equality and
justice for all.
President's Committee on
Employment of the Handicapped
Remarks at the Annual Meeting of the
Committee. May 1, 1980
Thank you very much, and good morning
to you. Secretary Marshall, Chairman
Russell, Mayor McNichols, ladies and
gentlemen, and a special friend of mine
who's here this morning, who was willing
to ride over here with me from the White
House, Senator Jennings Randolph:
Senator Randolph has been a friend of
handicapped Americans long before many
of you were born. In 1931, as he prepared
to conduct a successful campaign for the
United States Senate, he had a belief long
before many people agreed with him that
blind Americans should be brought out of
the dark places and put into the forefront
of productive life.
He introduced a bill when he was a
freshman Senator, in 1933, to establish a
program for blind entrepreneurs to sell
goods in public buildings-Federal, State,
local-and later, of course, to expand this
program to the private sector. This year
3,974 blind people, because of his good
work, are actively involved, and their total
sales, he tells me, was more than $150
million.
This bill was signed by a handicapped
person of whom many of you have heard,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, our President.
This is a good indication of what can be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 1
done when all of us recognize the tremendous potential of the handicapped to
serve productive lives in our great society.
John Adams, the second man to hold the
office of President, and a man of very
deep religious convictions and a firm
commitment to freedom, said, "People
and nations are forged in the fires of
adversity."
You here today understand the truth
and the pain of that statement. You have
triumphed over limitations, sometimes
very severe limitations, and you now work
productively to help shape the world, to
reshape the world so that it can be a fairer
place not only to you but for others. Your
will and your determination have been
forged in the fires of adversity, and you
must now be full participants in every aspect of the life of this Nation. And I'm
determined to assure that that goal will
be reached.
This must include education, employment, housing, transportation and, also,
the political process. You must have the
right to develop your talents to the fullest,
the right to do things and to learn in the
process, the right to fail on occasion along
with all the rest of us, and the right to
try again. And in exercising these kinds
of rights, your strength, growing out of
adversity, will help to make America
strong.
Next year has been designated as the
International Year of Disabled Persons
by the United Nations and, as President,
I intend not only to cooperate in this effort but to see that the entire decade of
the 1980's is one in which handicapped
people have full access to our society,
maximum independence, and the opportunity to develop and to use your full
capabilities.
As you know, much has been done in
the last 3 years to lay the foundation for
achieving the goal which I have just outlined to you. When I took office, the Rehabilitation Act had been law for 4 years.
Regulations to prohibit discrimination
against handicapped persons in employment, in education and health programs
had still not been issued. With your help,
as you well remember, we got the first
regulations issued in 3 months. And in
1978 I signed amendments which apply
the nondiscriminatory provisions of this
Act not only in the private sector but to
the Federal Government as well. Antidiscrimination laws are the cornerstone
of civil rights for the handicapped. And
by the end of 1980, all Federal agencies
will have final regulations implementing
Section 504.
It's not enough just to issue regulations.
Now we'll take the next step toward ending discrimination against the handicapped-to carry out the law, and to carry
out the provisions of those regulations. I
will soon issue an Executive order, now
being prepared, placing the responsibility
for coordinating enforcement of these
regulations in the Department of Justice
under the Attorney General of the United
States.
I want to thank you at this time for
your help to me in assuring that the Congress supports the increased attention
needed for programs benefiting the handicapped. My budget request for education
of handicapped children for the coming
year, in spite of very stringent limits, as
you well know, is more than three times
the amount proposed by my predecessor's
last budget.
We've already increased budget authority for schools teaching the handicapped
by 41 percent. Next week we celebrate
together the inauguration of a new Department of Education, headed by Shirley
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May I
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Hufstedler, who will have the responsibility for the majority of programs that
benefit handicapped Americans. We're
cutting through bureaucratic redtape and
bureaucratic confusion and delay. You
will no longer need to wonder or to be
uncertain about who specifically is responsible for the education of the handicapped. This will be a great step forward.
In 1977, as you remember, we took
another good step by creating the department-or the office, rather-of independent living for the disabled. This is an
extremely important effort to let handicapped people learn through their own
practical experience how they can avoid
being dependent on others through practical application of programs and their
own initiative. And in the process not only
do the handicapped learn how to be independent but Federal agencies and private citizens who are not handicapped
also learn with them. With this office,
we've done more for the housing of handicapped people in the last 3 years than had
been done in the previous 40 years. We
still have a long way to go, but we've
already increased funds for handicapped
construction housing from $13 million to
$99 million.
This increase of more than 700 percent
in a short period of time also includes, as
you know, congregate housing services.
This fall, we will launch a new independent-living demonstration project to expand on what we've already done. This
will dramatize how existing Federal programs, that might, in the past, not [have]
been focused on this single issue, can be
coordinated and utilized more effectively
and more efficiently to make independent
living possible for more handicapped
people.
One of the most fundamental and most
cherished rights accorded to all citizens in
our society is the right to move freely, yet
architectural barriers, as you well know,
remain a constant reminder to disabled
Americans that our Nation has not completely opened its doors to all of our
citizens. We cannot rebuild a nation overnight which ignored this problem for generations, but we can provide access to all
public buildings. By October of this year,
construction will be underway in virtually
all Federal buildings to make them accessible to handicapped people.
I was honored to have sponsored the
first White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals and to have participated in it with many of you assembled in
this room today. And I'm proud that Dr.
Howard Rusk will chair the National
Council on the Handicapped. I will name
other remaining members of this Council
later on today.
Dr. Rusk will provide strong leadership
in this important step as he advises with
me and my administration and others on
issues affecting handicapped persons. If
you have good ideas on how we might do
a better job, be sure to let those ideas
come through him to me and to be utilized
throughout our Nation.
Above all, in considering problems of
the handicapped, every adult citizen
should be able to participate in the most
basic of civil rights, and that is voting.
You and I must continue to encourage
State and local and party officials to increase their efforts to make polling places
accessible and to provide alternate registration and voting methods to assure
greater opportunity for political participation by handicapped citizens who must
stay in their homes.
For many handicapped Americans,
transportation is the first barrier to participation in other activities. The Department of Transportation is now working to
ensure that newly purchased equipment
in the Nation's public transportation sys
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 1
tems will be accessible to all. We will continue to support these efforts and seek new
ways, through research, through demonstration, through standards required in
bids for sales to achieve greater access for
handicapped persons to mass transit.
But physical access is only part of the
problem. For the hearing impaired, we've
helped to fund the National Captioning
Institute. As a result of the Institute's activities, some television programs-two of
the major networks and the public television network-are already being captioned, and they will add more hours
everyday, so that deaf people, with a special device on their own television set,
can have captioned programs to enjoy and
to learn.
Many more of these programs and commitments are underway. This project
demonstrates the success of joint Federal
and private efforts. When such television
programming is impractical, I will have
my major speeches interpreted in sign
language for the hearing impaired. It is
not only important that you hear what a
President has to say, it's also important
that you let the President know, in answer
to his speeches, what you think he ought to
say next time and ought to do.
Prevention of disease and prevention of
disability has been a major priority of my
Presidency also. The President's Commission on Mental Health, headed by my
wife; the child health assurance program,
which gives early diagnosis and treatment
and prevention; the mental health systems act, now making its way through the
Congress; and the national health plan
that needs to be implemented in this country in the future were all designed to prevent illness and to prevent disability and
to improve health care once a person becomes ill or disabled.
When I took office, for instance, nearly
35 million young Americans were not immunized against preventable diseases. For
a country that helped to rid the entire
world of the worst crippler of the young,
polio, that was a disgrace to all of us. We
immediately set out to correct it, and I'm
proud that by last fall, more than 90 percent of American youngsters under 15
were immunized. We're now working as
hard as we can on the other 10 percent.
For the future, the new National Institute of Handicapped Research will become the focus of all Federal research into
disability. The bringing together of these
efforts, which had formerly been scattered
all over the Federal Government, will help
them to learn from one another, to exspend limited funds more effectively, and
also to let you know where to go with a
special problem or special advice or counsel or encouragement.
One problem has been on my mind
lately, and that is spinal cord injuries
which are, as you know, a major cause of
disability. Between 8,000 and 10,000 new
injuries occur every year, mostly to the
young. I will launch a major new effort
designed to speed the day when permanent spinal injury can be prevented and
reversed. We've had remarkable news
recently from scientists and medical researchers that if a major spinal injury can
be treated very quickly after it occurs, permanent disabilty can be prevented.
First, we will establish a Federal interagency task force on spinal injury, directed from my office in the White House,
which will develop and implement a national strategy for providing better care
and for enhancing current Federal spinal
research programs. And then, in order to
guide the development and the implementation of this national strategy, I will
establish a President's Council on Spinal
811
May 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Cord Injury, to serve until our goals are
firmly developed and firmly established.
Our Nation was founded 200 years ago
to provide freedom and opportunity for
every single citizen, not just so individuals
can fulfill themselves, but also because our
society as a whole needs the full participation of every member. We cannot do
without the tremendous talent of our
handicapped people. We cannot afford to
waste lives that could have been full and
useful. We cannot be satisfied with maintaining dependence when independence
is possible. And above all, we cannot afford the cost in human suffering.
Over the past 200 years, we have lowered the barriers that originally existed
and brought many segments of our people
from full participation. We must now
bring down the barriers that prevent
handicapped Americans from full participation, for just as all of us have benefited
from the increased participation of minorities and women in the past two decades, all Americans will benefit from the
full participation of handicapped people
in the years to come.
We cannot rebuild our society overnight, but we can make sure, case-by-case,
event-by-event, person-by-person, program-by-program, that the right choices
for the handicapped are made. Working
together, we can make certain that the
1980's will be the decade in which the
handicapped will at last enter and merge
completely with the mainstream of a wonderful American life.
This will, of course, be of great benefit
to you and those whom you love and those
whom you represent here in this important meeting. But the realization of the
full potential of the handicapped Americans will also be of great benefit to our
Nation. Thank you very much. I love you
all.
NOTE: The President spoke at 10:03 a.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington
Hilton Hotel.
National Council on the
Handicapped
Nomination of 14 Members. May 1, 1980
The President today announced 14 persons whom he will nominate to be members of the National Council on the
Handicapped. They are:
ELIZABETH MONROE BOGGS, past president and
an active member of the board of directors
of the National Association for Retarded
Citizens; she is vice chairman of the New
Jersey Advisory Council on Developmental
Disabilities and is active in numerous
groups dealing with mental retardation;
MARY P. CHAMBERS, deputy House Democratic (minority) leader for the State of
New Hampshire, director of Upper Valley
Adult Basic Education, Lebanon, N.H., and
a former teacher of adults and children with
special learning problems;
NELBA R. CHAVEZ, director of La Frontera
Mental Health Center in Tucson, Ariz., a
former psychiatric social worker, who is also
on the faculty of Arizona State University's
Graduate School of Social Work on a parttime basis;
JACK GENAIR DUNCAN, counsel and staff director of the U.S. House of Representatives
Subcommittee on Select Education and
former legislative officer for HEW's Social
and Rehabilitation Service;
NANETTE FABRAY, the actress, who is campaign
chairman for UCLA's Hope for Hearing
Foundation and is active in other organizations for the hearing handicapped and
other disabled persons;
DONALD E. GALVIN, a professor in the faculty
of rehabilitation counseling, special education, and community health sciences at Michigan State University and director of the
812
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 1
University Centers for International Rehabilitation;
JUDITH E. HEUMANN, deputy director of the
Center for Independent Living in Berkeley,
Calif., and cochairman of the Advisory
Board of the Disabled Community Health
Clinic at Berkeley's Herrick Hospital; she
is active in numerous organizations working
for the rights of the disabled;
JOHN P. HOURIHAN, director of the regional
education program for handicapped college
students at Columbia University, professor
in the department of special education at
Columbia, and administrator of St. John's
Community, St. John's Church, Newark,
N.J.;
THOMAS C. JOE, a Washington, D.C., consultant specializing in human services, including
disability and rehabilitation issues; he is
temporary director of the Washington office of the University of Chicago's Center for
the Study of Welfare Policy;
ODESSA KOMER, international vice president
of the United Auto Workers, previously education director for region 1 of the International Union;
EDWIN 0. OPHEIM, director of program and
management support for the Division of
Vocational Rehabilitation of the Minnesota
Department of Economic Security;
HOWARD A. RUSK, professor and chairman of
the department of rehabilitation medicine at
New York University School of Medicine,
a consultant on rehabilitation to numerous
public and private agencies; on confirmation,
he will be designated Chairman of this
Council;
J. DAVID WEBB, corporate counsel and assistant
secretary of the Trust Company of Georgia,
who is on the Advisory Council of the Emory
University Rehabilitation Research and
Training Center and is active in other organizations for handicapped persons;
HENRY WILLIAMS, deputy director of the Manhattan Psychiatric Center, New York State
Department of Mental Hygiene, an active
member of the National Rehabilitation Association and other organizations, and chair
of the Mayor's Committee on Human
Rights for the Handicapped, New York City
Office of the Handicapped.
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission
Nomination of John David Hughes To Be a
Member. May 1, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate John David Hughes,
of Austin, Tex., to be a member of the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
He would replace Don S. Smith, resigned.
Hughes has been assistant attorney general of Texas since 1974 and chief of the
energy division of the Texas attorney general's office since 1979.
He was born April 24, 1935, in Lubbock, Tex. He received a B.B.A. from the
University of Texas in 1958 and a J.D.
from American University in 1961. He
served in the U.S. Army from 1961 to
1963.
In 1964 Hughes served as assistant
county attorney in Lubbock, Tex. From
1964 to 1974, he had a general civil practice with the Lubbock firm of Evans,
Pharr, Trout & Jones.
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day,
May 26, 1980
Proclamation 4754. May 1, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
It has been a national tradition since the
end of the Civil War to remember on
Memorial Day the men and women of
America who fought and died on the battlefield. We owe them a debt that can
never be annulled. Their sacrifice endowed us with liberty and made our country a leader among nations.
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May 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
But on this day of mourning and of
homage to the heroes of the past, let us
also remember the duty we owe to coming
generations to be firm in the cause of
liberty.
This past year we have had abundant
proof that American courage still liveseight Americans gave up their lives and
others were seriously injured in the attempt to free their fellow Americans held
hostage in Iran. We can take pride in our
concern for national honor and in the
firmness and restraint with which Americans face crises. Mindful of our historic
duty, we have become even more determined to defend our interests, protect our
liberties, and promote our ideals. At the
same time, we remain firmly committed to
working with other nations to solve world
problems together and to strengthen the
foundations of world peace.
In recognition of those Americans to
whom we pay tribute today, the Congress,
by joint resolution of May 11, 1950 (64
Stat. 158), has requested the President to
issue a proclamation calling upon the
people of the United States to observe
each Memorial Day as a day of prayer for
permanent peace and designating a period
on that day when the people of the United
States might unite in prayer.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate Memorial Day, Monday, May 26, 1980, as a day of prayer for
permanent peace, and I designate the
hour beginning in each locality at 11
o'clock in the morning of that day as a
time to unite in prayer.
I urge the press, radio, television, and
all other information media to cooperate
in this observance.
I also request the Governors of the
United States and the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico and the appropriate officials
of all local units of government to direct
that the flag be flown at half-staff during
this Memorial Day on all buildings,
grounds, and naval vessels throughout the
United States and in all areas under its
jurisdiction and control, and I request the
people of the United States to display the
flag at half-staff from their homes for the
customary forenoon period.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
1:22 p.m., May 1, 1980]
President's Advisory Committee
for Women
Appointment of Three Members.
May 1, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of three persons to be members
of the President's Advisory Committee for
Women. They are:
CATHERINE CONROY, of Milwaukee, Wis., a
member and international representative of
the Communication Workers of America and
an executive board member of the Milwaukee County Labor Council (AFL-CIO);
ANTOINETTE L. LEONE, of Hartford, Conn.,
an attorney and a member of the Hartford
City Council;
ELENA MARTINEZ, of Chicago, a psychiatric
social worker and the administrator of the
Association of Latinoamericana de Evanston,
in Evanston, Ill.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 1
Federal Summer Employment
Program for Youth
Memorandum From the President.
May 1, 1980
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive
Departments and Agencies
Youth employment is one of my top domestic priorities. For this reason I am asking Congress to enact the Youth Act of
1980, which will provide education and
jobs for millions of disadvantaged youth.
These new initiatives grew out of the work
of the Vice President's Task Force and are
intended to prepare young people for the
labor market of the 1980s.
In the meantime, many young Americans will seek summer employment at the
end of this school year. Some will need
earnings from their jobs to help meet their
educational expenses or to help out at
home. Others will be looking for an opportunity to translate classroom theory
into practical experience. Under the 1980
Federal Summer Employment Program
for Youth, we can meet the aspirations of
these young people.
The Federal government's outstanding
reputation as an employer of students during the summer months has long set an
example for private employers and for
State and local governments. I am confident that once again Federal departments
and agencies will support the summer employment program. Opportunities should
be provided for students who have successfully competed in the summer employment written test, who have filed under
agency merit staffing plans, or who are
nominated by their schools under the Federal Summer Intern Program.
In addition to these programs, I am determined to see that Federal agencies do
their part to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among needy youths this
summer. For this reason, I am asking that
one disadvantaged young person be hired
for every 40 regular employees in each department and agency.
Alan K. Campbell, Director of the
Office of Personnel Management, will
provide guidance on all aspects of our
Federal summer employment efforts and
will report to me on the results. I know
that I can count on your personal involvement and support in achieving a successful 1980 summer employment program.
JIMMY CARTER
Reauthorization of the Federal
Trade Commission
Letter From the President.
May 1, 1980
To the Commissioners and Staff
of the Federal Trade Commission
I know that the past several months
have been trying for all of you and that
the uncertainty arising from the protracted effort to secure an authorization
bill has made your jobs much more difficult than they otherwise might be. I am
acutely aware of your predicament. You
have my support and you can be assured
that I will continue my efforts on behalf
of the Federal Trade Commission.
Last week I invited the senior House
and Senate conferees to the White House
in an effort to help resolve the issue that
divided them. Solid progress was made in
that meeting, and we have continued
working closely with the conferees to get
a bill that ensures the Commission's ability to protect the consumers of this
country.
815
May 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
At long last, the conferees have reached
agreement on an authorization bill. As a
result, we are now able to work with members of the Appropriations Committees in
the House and Senate to enact the legislation necessary to permit the Commission
to resume normal operations.
I remain firmly committed to an effective Federal Trade Commission. I hope
to be able to soon sign legislation that will
enable you to return to your important
work.
JIMMY CARTER
Federal Council on the Aging
Nomination of Two Members. May 1, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate two persons as members of
the Federal Council on the Aging. They
are:
REV. MSGR. CHARLES J. FAHEY, director of
the All University Gerontological Center
at Fordham University, currently a member
of this Council, and former chairman of the
Commission on Aging for the National Conference of Catholic Charities;
SHIMEJI KANAZAWA, director of the Western
Gerontological Society in Honolulu, Hawaii.
The President also announced that on
confirmation Fahey would be designated
Chairman of this Council.
United States-Japan Agreement
on Cooperation in Research
and Development in Science
and Technology
Remarks of the President and Prime
Minister Masayoshi Ohira on Signing the
Agreement. May 1, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. A year ago, the Prime
Minister of Japan, Mr. Ohira, and I met
here to agree to a productive partnership
for the eighties. It was a commitment
with far-reaching impact and very difficult to achieve. We understood that. But
in this last 12 months, both our nations
have made remarkable progress toward
reaching these very important goals.
Also, in addition to those mutual commitments which we made one to another,
the world has been afflicted with fastchanging and very difficult events, which
have caused the Japanese Government,
under Prime Minister Ohira, to have to
face decisions which were, again, very
difficult. The decisions made in Japan
have been the right ones. They have been
of major significance and benefit to our
own country and the rest of the world,
and they have required great exhibitions
of courage and leadership.
The people of my Nation deeply appreciate this common approach to very
difficult problems and the resolve, which
we share, to face international terrorism,
exemplified in Iran, and aggression, exemplified in Afghanistan, with a mutuality of purpose, with a common commitment, and with national and individual
courage. The bonds which bind together
the people of Japan and the United States
provide the very cornerstone of our policy
in Asia, and they also provide the central
core of the global policy of the United
States of America.
On behalf of all our people, again, I
want to express to Prime Minister Ohira
and to his distinguished colleagues a
heartfelt welcome as they come to our
country and our deepest appreciation for
their friendship and for their support, for
their advice and for their counsel and
partnership as we face these difficult
issues together.
Mr. Prime Minister, welcome, thank
you, and my best wishes to you and to
your country.
816
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 1
THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President,
thank you very much.
Mr. President, let me first express my
thanks to you for having invited me to
Washington for a brief but thorough and
very constructive discussion on matters
of our mutual concern. I feel a special
sense of importance that I have come to
talk with you at a very difficult and trying time for all the people in the world.
Freedom, democracy, justice, and peace,
which we so dearly share among us, can
be seriously harmed for long years to come
if we now fail to stand together.
All Japanese understand your deep
emotion over the fate of the 50 fellow
Americans held still captive in Iran. I join
in the fervent prayer of our people for
their safety. I also admire your patience
and restraint, Mr. President, which can
be demonstrated only by the brave. The
situation is too serious.
I shall not list usual words of sympathy
or support today. But let me just assure
you that Japan stands ready to demonstrate her solidarity with the United States
and will do her utmost, in concert with
other friends, to bring about peacefully
the earliest release of the hostages.
The same degree of seriousness prevailed in our discussion day over the military intervention of the Soviet Union in
Afghanistan and the continued challenge
to world peace. The President and I
agreed that we must remain very firm in
meeting the challenge posed by this Soviet
aggression and that we should lend a helping hand to countries in the Middle East
and in Asia for their peace and stability.
In this context, I told the President my
government position that the participation in the Moscow Olympic games under
the present circumstances is not desirable.
We also talked about our bilateral relationship. I'm very much satisfied with
the solid friendship now existing between
our two countries. Never before has such a
close and strong bond existed between two
nations with differences in culture, history, and language as between us.
I should once again like to thank you,
Mr. President, for warmly receiving me
today. As true friends should, we will
each air what is on our mind without fear
of breaking the unique bond that exists
between us, for in times of need, in times
of crisis, we will not fail to extend the
help needed by the other. We, the Japanese, may not be the most eloquent, but
we remain a determined and one of the
most dependable friends of your country.
We know you are there in the same way
for us.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Beautiful. Very good,
very good. Thank you very much. I might
say that the Prime Minister has demonstrated not only that they are determined
and effective friends but also extremely
eloquent. [Laughter] And this is a remarkable demonstration of good English, and
I admire you for it.
And now we have the honor of signing
the science and technology agreement,
following which the Prime Minister will
make brief remarks, and I will follow
them.
[At this point, the President and the Prime
Minister signed the agreement.]
Mr. Prime Minister, thank you very
much.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Now you can make a
statement.
THE PRIME MINISTER. Mr. President,
it is my great pleasure and honor to have
signed with you the agreement between
the Government of Japan and the Government of the United States of America
817
May 1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
on cooperation in research and development in science and technology.
Japan and the United States already are
actively cooperating together in the field
of energy, under the energy agreement
concluded last year. Now with the signing of the new agreement, which we owe
very much to the initiative of the President, our two countries are to start cooperating in nonenergy fields as well.
By concluding these two agreements,
our two countries have established a solid
framework for cooperation covering all
fields of science and technology. In this
sense the new agreement is indeed significant, and Japan will endeavor to
strengthen further the cooperative relations with the United States within
the aforementioned framework.
I honestly hope that the cooperation
under the agreement will make a steady
progress and that Japan and the United
States will contribute a great deal to the
welfare and prosperity of not only our
two peoples but also of the entire mankind.
In closing, I wish to express my sincere
respect for the insight of the President,
who has continuously made tremendous
effort for the realization of the agreement.
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. It's obvious that
Prime Minister Ohira has already expressed very clearly the significance not
only of the energy, scientific, and technology agreement which we signed last
year but also this new one, which relates
to matters in addition to energy; matters
concerning transportation, matters concerning health, environmental quality,
the control of disease, space, and many
other elements which are now important
to American and Japanese people and
those of the world, but which will be increasingly important in the future.
This agreement is particularly signifi
cant, because it's between two nations
which individually have led the world in
scientific study, research, development,
and technology. We will still be competitors in trade and in the development and
the production and the distribution and
sale of new ideas, new equipment, new
services to mankind. But at the same time
now, we can combine our efforts and
benefit mutually from the exchange of
ideas and concepts, particularly in the
basic sciences, which are so important to
us, and among our studies and the teaching of young and old Japanese, who can
make such a tremendous contribution in
the future.
It's with a great deal of pleasure and
gratitude that I recognize the leadership
of Prime Minister Ohira and the tremendous untapped potential that still
exists within our two great nations for
the service of our own people and a better
life for all human beings who live on
Earth.
Thank you very much, Mr. Prime
Minister, the people of Japan. I believe
this is a great day for both our countries.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:13 p.m. in the
Rose Garden at the White House.
Prior to the signing ceremony, the President
and the Prime Minister held a working
luncheon in the Cabinet Room.
The Department of Education
Executive Order 12212. May 2, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the statutes
of the United States of America, including the Department of Education Organization Act (P.L. 96-88; 93 Stat. 668), it
is hereby ordered as follows:
1-101. Sunday, May 4, 1980, shall, for
the purposes of Section 601 of the Department of Education Organization Act (20
818
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2
U.S.C. 3401 note), be the date on which
the provisions of that Act shall take effect.
1-102. The Director of the Office of
Management and Budget shall take all
actions necessary or appropriate to effectuate the transfers provided for in the Department of Education Organization Act,
including the transfer of funds, records,
property, personnel and positions.
1-103. As required by Section 601 of
the Department of Education Organization Act, this Order shall be published in
the FEDERAL REGISTER.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 2, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:43 a.m., May 2, 1980]
Cuban Refugees
Announcement of Federal Actions in
Response to the Emergency. May 2, 1980
The White House announced today
that the Federal Government is taking additional actions to respond to the current
emergency precipitated by the Cuban
Government. More than 5,000 Cubans
have already arrived in Florida in more
than 170 small boats, and the Coast Guard
estimates that as many as 2,000 additional
boats are either loading passengers in
Cuba or are en route to the Florida coast.
The President has directed Jack Watson, his Assistant for Intergovernmental
Affairs and Secretary to the Cabinet, to
work with Ambassador Victor Palmieri,
U.S. Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, in
managing the Federal Government's overall response to the emergency. Watson outlined the following actions:
-A processing and screening center
will be established at Eglin Air Force Base
in Fort Walton Beach, Fla., to supplement
the receiving and processing facilities already located in Key West and Miami.
The Eglin facility will accommodate approximately 1,000 persons within 24 hours
and will be expanded to accommodate
between 5,000 and 10,000 within 10 days.
Additional facilities will be added as
needed.
-Reception facilities at Key West are
being expanded to accommodate daily
flows of between 2,500 and 3,000, and
other Federal services are being made
available there, including those of a Public Health Service medical assistance team.
-Several hundred Federal personnel
have been directed to the Miami/Key
West area, so that more than 1,000 personnel from eight Federal agencies are
now actively engaged with volunteer
organizations and State and local governments in receiving, processing, and assisting the arriving Cubans. Tom Casey, Deputy Associate Director of the Fedeial
Emergency Management Agency, has
been assigned responsibility for on-site coordination of all Federal Government
activities.
-The Coast Guard has expanded its
capability to provide rescue and assistance
missions between the Florida and Cuban
coasts and, within the last few days, has
performed approximately 300 rescue missions in the area. As announced earlier
this week by the Department of Defense,
U.S. naval vessels which had been intended for Operation Solid Shield are now
being made available to assist the Coast
Guard in rescue operations.
-Because the Cuban Government is
including individuals with criminal records in the boatloads of departing Cubans, careful screening of all arrivals is
being conducted by appropriate Federal
officials. Under U.S. immigration laws,
individuals with records of criminal activ
819
May 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ity who represent a threat to the country
or whose presence would not be in the best
interests of the United States are subject
to arrest, detention, and deportation to
their countries of origin. The United
States will enforce these laws.
-State Department officials will be
working with national voluntary organizations to provide additional reception
and resettlement assistance to Cuban,
Haitian, and other groups seeking political
asylum, which are so heavily affecting the
Miami area.
The President appreciates the extraordinarily effective efforts of the State and
local governments in Florida in dealing
with this extremely difficult situation.
"The responsiveness, cooperation, and
diligence demonstrated by Governor Graham, agencies of the State government,
and local government leaders in South
Florida, especially in Dade County and
Miami, have been exemplary," Watson
said. "In addition, the round-the-clock efforts of voluntary organizations and members of the Cuban-American community
have been invaluable. Without their support and help, the situation could not
have been managed."
NOTE: On the same day, the White House announced that the President signed a Presidential Determination which authorizes the use of
up to $10 million from the Refugee Emergency
Fund for Cuban and Haitian refugees currently arriving in southern Florida. This will
provide for the initial startup costs of the
processing center at Eglin Air Force Base.
United States Holocaust
Memorial Council
Executive Order 12213. May 2, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United
States of America, and in order to provide
for broader participation in the work of
the United States Holocaust Memorial
Council and in order to provide for additional time for the Council to complete
its work, Sections 1-102, 1-207, and 1 -402 of Executive Order No. 12169 of October 26, 1979, are amended to read as
follows:
"1-102. The membership of the United
States Holocaust Memorial Council shall
consist of not more than 60 and not less
than 35 members as follows:
"(a) The President shall appoint between 25 and 50 members of the Council
and shall designate one of these members
to chair the Council and another member to serve as Vice Chairman.
"(b) The President of the Senate and
the Speaker of the House of Representatives are each invited to designate five
members of their respective Houses to
serve as members of the Council."
"1-207. The Council shall submit a
final report to the President and to the
Secretary of the Interior no later than
December 15, 1980."
"1-402. The Council shall serve as an
interim body and shall terminate on January 15, 1981, unless sooner extended.".
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 2, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:49 p.m., May 2, 1980]
United States Holocaust
Memorial Council
Appointment of the Membership.
May 2, 1980
The President's Commission on the
Holocaust was created in November 1978
820
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2
to make recommendations regarding the
establishment and maintenance of an appropriate memorial to those who perished
in the Holocaust, the systematic, statesponsored extermination of 6 million Jews
and the murders of millions of other people. The Commission was further instructed to examine the feasibility of obtaining
funds for the creation and maintenance
of the Memorial through contributions by
the American people.
The Commission submitted a report to
the President in the fall of 1979 which
recommends a three-part memorial:
-A National Holocaust Memorial Museum, to be erected in Washington, D.C.,
of symbolic and artistic beauty, visually
and emotionally moving in accordance
with the solemn nature of the Holocaust.
-An educational foundation dedicated
to the pursuit of educational work through
research and exploration of issues raised
by the Holocaust for all areas of human
knowledge and public policy.
-A Committee on Conscience composed of distinguished American moral
leaders. This Committee would receive
reports of actual or potential genocide
anywhere in the world and alert the national conscience, influence policymakers,
and stimulate worldwide action to bring
such acts to a halt.
The President approved these recommendations with the understanding that
funding proposals for the Memorial
should provide that construction costs
would be raised primarily from private
contributions. He has now appointed a
United States Holocaust Memorial Council, whose Chairman is Mr. Elie Wiesel,
a survivor and noted author and scholar,
formerly Chairman of the Holocaust
Commission, to carry out the recom
mendations of the Commission. The members of the Council are:
JOSEPH ASHER, a rabbi and national vice
president of the American Jewish Congress;
TIBOR BARANSKI, of the Social Services Department, Catholic Charities, Buffalo, N.Y.,
honored by Yad Vashem for his actions saving Hungarian Jews during the Holocaust;
IRVING BERNSTEIN, national executive vice
president of the United Jewish Appeal;
MARVER BERNSTEIN, president of Brandeis University;
HYMAN BOOKBINDER, a survivor and Washington representative of the American Jewish
Committee, who has also served as Washington chairman of the Ad Hoc Coalition for
Ratification of Genocide Amendments;
VICTOR BORGE, the actor, long active in Tribute to the Danes, a foundation designed to
honor the Danes for their efforts in World
War II;
ROBERT McAFEE BROWN, professor of theology and ethics at Pacific School of Religion,
Berkeley, Calif.;
HARRY JAMES CARGAS, chairman of the department of literature, Webster College, and
author of books on the Holocaust;
ESTHER COHEN, chair of the Simon Wiesenthal
Center for Holocaust Studies, member of
the Golda Meir Club, a trustee of Yeshiva
University;
GERSON D. COHEN, chancellor and Jacob H.
Schoff professor of history at the Jewish
Theological Seminary of America;
MARIO CUOMO, Lieutenant Governor of New
York, former attorney and law professor, and
a member of the Legal Committee for Soviet
Jewry;
ARTHUR DAVIS, a Des Moines, Iowa, attorney
active in civic and humanitarian affairs;
TERRENCE DES PRES, professor of English at
Colgate University and author of "The
Survivor", a study of how people survived
the Holocaust;
CONSTANTINE DOMBALIS, theologian and dean
of the Greek Orthodox Cathedral, active in
the National Conference of Christians and
Jews Brotherhood;
JAROSLAV DRABEK, a survivor, former member
of the Underground Czechoslovakia Against
821
May 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Nazi War Criminals and an attorney who
prosecuted Nazi war criminals in Czechoslovakia;
KITTY DUKAKIS, president of the National
Center for Genocide Studies, who was Chairman of the Holocaust Commission's Subcommittee on Education;
WILLARD FLETCHER, former chairman of the
history department at the University of Delaware, who teaches seminars on the Holocaust and who assisted the Office of the Public Prosecutor in West Germany in gathering evidence against Nazi war criminals;
IRVIN FRANK, chairman of the board of Zochrim, Zachor: The Holocaust Resource Center, New York City, and past president of
the Tulsa (Oklahoma) Jewish Community
Council;
SOL GOLDSTEIN, a survivor, a businessman, and
chairman of the Chicago Committee for
Holocaust Commemoration;
ISAAC GOODFRIEND, a survivor, cantor of Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Ga.;
ALFRED GOTTSCHALK, president of the Hebrew
Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion,
Cincinnati, Ohio;
IRVING GREENBERG, a rabbi, author, and Holocaust scholar, director of the National Jewish Resource Center;
DOROTHY HEIGHT, national president of the
National Council of Negro Women;
THEODORE HESBURGH, president of Notre
Dame University;
RAUL HILBERG, McCullough professor of political science at the University of Vermont,
author of "The Destruction of the European
Jews";
JULIAN E. KULAS, a Chicago attorney and
banker, chairman of the Helsinki Monitoring
Committee of Chicago and of the Interfaith Group of the Jewish Federation of
Chicago;
NORMAN LAMM, president of Yeshiva University in New York City, an author, lecturer,
and rabbi, director of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congress of America;
FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, president of the United
Jewish Appeal, a New York businessman and
philanthropist;
MILES LERMAN, a survivor, a New Jersey
businessman, and vice chairman of the National State of Israel Bonds;
FRANKLIN LITTELL, chairman of the board of
the National Institute on the Holocaust, a
professor of religion at Temple University;
STEVEN LUDSIN, a New York attorney and investment banker, president of Remembrance
of the Holocaust Foundation, on the board
of directors of American Friends of Haifa
University;
ALOYSIUS MAZEWSKI, a president of the Polish
American Congress of Chicago and the Polish
National Alliance;
BENJAMIN MEED, a survivor, a New York businessman, president of the Warsaw Ghetto
Resistance Organization;
INGEBORG G. MAUKSCH, distinguished professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University,
active in community affairs and human rights
causes;
SET MOMJIAN, a human rights activist who was
a U.S. Representative to the U.N. General
Assembly in 1978-79 and White House representative to the Human Rights Commission
in Geneva in 1979;
JOHN T. PAWLIKOWSKI, professor of social
ethics at Catholic Theological Union, a member of the National Conference of Catholic
Bishops and the Secretariat for CatholicJewish Relations;
BERNARD RASKAS, rabbi of Temple of Aaron
Congregation in St. Paul, Minn., an author
on Jewish affairs;
HADASSAH ROSENSAFT, a survivor, lecturer and
author on the Holocaust;
BAYARD RUSTIN, president of the A. Phillip
Randolph Educational Institute;
ABRAHAM SACHAR, chancellor and former president of Brandeis University;
EDWARD SANDERS, former Senior Adviser to
the President, now an attorney in Los
Angeles;
JULIUS SCHATZ, director of the National Commission on Jewish Life and Culture of the
American Jewish Congress, active in various
Holocaust organizations;
RICHARD SCHIFTER, an attorney and former
president of the Maryland State Board of
Education;
SIGMUND STROCHLITZ, a survivor, president of
American Friends of Haifa University, where
he endowed a chair in Holocaust studies;
KALMAN SULTANIK, a survivor, vice president
of the World Jewish Congress, executive co
822
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2
president of the World Conference of General Zionists;
MARK TALISMAN, director of the Washington
Action Program for the Council of Jewish
Federations and a founder and instructor at
the John F. Kennedy Institute of Politics at
Harvard University, who will serve as Vice
Chairman of this Council;
GLENN E. WATTS, president of the Communications Workers of America;
ELIE WIESEL, a survivor, author, and scholar,
who was Chairman of the Holocaust Commission, and will serve as Chairman of this
Council;
SIGGI WILZIG, a survivor, a national Holocaust
lecturer, and a businessman in New Jersey;
ELI ZBOROWSKI, a survivor, honorary president
of the American Federation of Jewish
Fighters, Camp Inmates and Nazi Victims,
member of the executive committee of Yad
Vashem, and a New York businessman.
The Speaker of the House of Representatives has appointed five Members of
the House to serve on this Council. They
are:
REPRESENTATIVE JAMES J. BLANCHARD;
REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM S. GREEN;
REPRESENTATIVE WILLIAM LEHMAN;
REPRESENTATIVE STEPHEN SOLARZ; and
REPRESENTATIVE SIDNEY R. YATES.
The President of the Senate has appointed five Senators as Members of this
Council. They are:
SENATOR RUDY BoSCHWITZ;
SENATOR JOHN C. DANFORTH;
SENATOR HENRY M. JACKSON;
SENATOR CLAIBORNE PELL; and
SENATOR RICHARD STONE.
Trade Adjustment Assistance
Announcement of a Supplemental
Appropriation Request for Unemployment
Compensation Payments. May 2, 1980
The President decided today to request
a supplemental appropriation of $1,498
million to meet unemployment compensa
tion payments of $1.1 billion in FY 1980
and $400 million in FY 1981 anticipated
under the trade adjustment assistance program. Most of the benefits will go to auto
industry workers.
Trade adjustment benefits are provided
to workers laid off at plants where production has been affected by imports. The
President had announced previously that
he would seek additional funds for the
program to assist auto workers until new
jobs could be provided as U.S. auto manufacturers produce more of the energyefficient cars now in demand.
The administration estimates that
nearly 600,000 workers will receive a total
of $1,440 million in the current fiscal year,
ending September 30, and about 375,000
workers will receive $816 million in the
following year.
Trade adjustment benefits are reduced
by the amount of regular unemployment
compensation a worker receives. They are
available to employees in any industry
adversely impacted by imports. Although
autoworkers are the group primarily affected, substantial numbers of workers in
other industries are also receiving these
benefits. Unemployed workers from plants
certified by the Department of Labor as
adversely affected by imports are generally
eligible for up to 52 weeks of benefits.
Outlays resulting from the supplemental appropriation will still leave the
budget for the 1981 fiscal year, beginning
next October 1, in surplus.
Administration of the Export
Administration Act of 1979
Executive Order 12214. May 2, 1980
By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by
823
May 2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Section 4(e) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-72; 50
U.S.C. App. 2403(e)), it is hereby
ordered as follows:
1-101. Except as provided in Section
1-102, the functions conferred upon the
President by the provisions of the Export
Administration Act of 1979, hereinafter
referred to as the Act (Public Law 96 -72; 50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.), are
delegated to the Secretary of Commerce.
1-102. (a) The functions conferred
upon the President by Sections 4 (e), 5 (c),
5(f) (1), 5(h) (6), 6(k), 7(d) (2), 10
(g) and 20 of the Act are reserved to
the President.
(b) The functions conferred upon the
President by Sections 5(f) (4), 5(i), and
6(g) of the Act are delegated to the Secretary of State.
1-103. All delegations, rules, regulations, orders, licenses, and other forms of
administrative action made, issued or
otherwise taken under, or continued in
existence by, Section 21 of the Act or Exadministratively or legislatively, shall remain in full force and effect until
amended, modified, or terminated by
proper authority. This Order does not
supersede or otherwise affect Executive
Order No. 12002.
1-104. Except to the extent inconsistent with this Order, all actions previously
taken pursuant to any function delegated
or assigned by this Order shall be deemed
to have been taken and authorized by this
Order.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 2, 1980.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
4:50 p.m., May 2, 1980]
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
April 26
The President met at the White House
with Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security Affairs.
April 28
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance;
-Prime Minister J. M. G. Adams of
Barbados;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison.
In the evening the President attended
a buffet dinner and participated in a
briefing on his budget and oil import fee
proposals, given for Democratic Members
of the House of Representatives on the
State Floor of the White House.
The President transmitted to the Congress the 1978 annual report of the
Department of Housing and Urban Development and the fiscal year 1979 annual
report of the Administration on Aging of
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare.
April 29
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the Democratic congressional leadership;
-5-year-old Marcy Knox, of York, Pa.,
824
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the Poster Child for Better Hearing
and Speech Month;
-Mr. Moore;
-Minister of Defense Ezer Weizman
of Israel.
April 30
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Secretary of Agriculture Bob Bergland, Secretary of Commerce Philip
M. Klutznick, Secretary of the Interior Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development
Moon Landrieu, Secretary of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary of Transportation Neil Goldschmidt, James
T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of the
Office of Management and Budget,
Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the
President for Domestic Affairs and
Policy, Alonzo L. McDonald, Jr.,
Assistant to the President, and Jack
H. Watson, Jr., Assistant to the
President for Intergovernmental
Affairs, to discuss domestic policies;
-Mr. Moore;
-Mayor Richard Hatcher of Gary,
Ind.;
-Representatives Jim Wright of Texas
and Bob Carr of Michigan;
-U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Diego
C. Asencio and his family;
-Vice President Mondale;
-Representatives Harold T. Johnson
of California and James J. Howard
of New Jersey.
May 1
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-representatives of accounting firms;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
The President participated in a briefing by administration officials on administration programs and policies given for
community and civic leaders from Indiana in the East Room at the White
House.
May 2
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary of
Defense Harold Brown, Acting Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher, Secretary of State-designate
Edmund S. Muskie, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to the President,
Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan;
-Mr. Moore.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on the administration's anti-inflation program given
for a group of black ministers in Room
450 of the Old Executive Office Building.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted April 28, 1980
P. MICHAEL TIMPANE, of Virginia, to be Director of the National Institute of Education,
vice Patricia Albjerg Graham, resigned.
825
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted May 1, 1980
The following-named persons to be members
of the National Council on the Handicapped
for the terms indicated (new positions):
For a term of I year
NELBA R. CHAVEZ, of Arizona
NANETTE FABRAY MACDOUGALL, of California
JOHN P. HOURIHAN, of New Jersey
ODESSA KOMER, of Michigan
EDWIN O. OPHEIM, of Minnesota
For a term of 2 years
ELIZABETH MONROE BOGGS, of New
Jersey
MARY P. CHAMBERS, of New Hampshire
JACK GENAIR DUNCAN, of South Carolina
THOMAS JOE, of the District of Columbia
For a term of 3 years
DONALD E. GALVIN, of Michigan
JUDITH E. HEUMANN, of California
HOWARD A. RUSK, of New York
J. DAVID WEBB, of Georgia
HENRY WILLIAMS, of New York
Submitted May 2, 1980
The following-named persons to be members
of the Federal Council on the Aging for the
terms indicated:
SHIMEJI KANAZAWA, of Hawaii, for a
term expiring June 5, 1981, vice Bertha
S. Adkins, term expired.
CHARLES J. FAHEY, of New York, for a
term expiring December 19, 1982, vice
Nelson H. Cruikshank, term expired.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of
the White House Press Office which are not
included in this issue.
Released April 28, 1980
News conference: on the resignation of Cyrus
R. Vance as Secretary of State-by Press
Secretary Jody Powell
Released April 29, 1980
Advance text: remarks at a White House
briefing on energy conservation in transportation
News conference: on the selection of Senator
Edmund S. Muskie as Secretary of Stateby Press Secretary Powell
Released May 1, 1980
Fact sheet: U.S.-Japan science and technology
agreement
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved April 30,1980
H.R. 7140 --- —-------- Public Law 96-239
An act to amend title IV of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 to
postpone for two months the date on which
the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
must pay benefits under terminated multiemployer plans.
Approved May 1, 1980
H.J. Res. 541 --- —------ Public Law 96-240
A joint resolution making additional funds
available by transfer for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the Federal
Trade Commission.
826
Week Ending Friday, May 9, 1980
Josip Broz Tito
Statement on the Death of the President of
Yugoslavia. May 4, 1980
President Josip Broz Tito was a towering figure on the world stage. After leading his partisan forces to a hard-fought
victory during World War II, he founded
and led the postwar Yugoslav State for
nearly 35 years. During that period he
and his peoples faced many challenges,
but met them with a resolute determination to maintain Yugoslavia's independence and unity and its own unique approach to domestic and foreign policies.
He was the last surviving member of
that group of statesmen who founded and
led the nonaligned movement to its present prominence in world affairs. President Tito's position in the history of his
era is assured for all time.
President Tito's many meetings with
Americans, including those during his
highly successful state visit to the United
States in March 1978, gave many of us
the opportunity to become acquainted
with him and to learn from him the wisdom and perspective that came from his
years of experience and his strength of
conviction. He was a man who sought
practical and lasting solutions not only to
the issues confronting his own country but
to those affecting countries and peoples
far from Yugoslavia's shores.
I share with the Yugoslav peoples the
sense of loss that they and many others
throughout the world feel at the passing
of this commanding leader. On behalf of
the American people, the United States
Government, and myself, I wish to extend sincere condolences and deepest sympathy to the peoples of Yugoslavia at this
tragic moment.
For more than three decades, under administrations of both parties, it has been
the policy of the United States to support the independence, territorial integrity, and unity of Yugoslavia. President
Tito's death comes at a particularly
troubled time in international relations. I
reaffirm today that America will continue
its longstanding policy of support for
Yugoslavia and do what it must to provide that support. I pledge again that
this Government will not tolerate terrorist acts directed against Yugoslavia or its
representatives here.
We have confidence in the new Yugoslav leadership, duly established in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of Yugoslavia, to lead the nation
and its economy through this period. I
have already informed the Yugoslav
President, Mr. Kolisevski, of my condolences and my Nation's support.
NOTE: On May 5, the White House announced
that the President asked Vice President Walter
F. Mondale to lead the United States delegation to the funeral services for President Tito in
Belgrade, Yugoslavia, on May 8. The Vice President, who met with President Tito during an
official visit to Yugoslavia in May 1977, departed Washington on May 6 and returned the
night of May 8.
827
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
League of Women Voters
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
at the League's Biennial National
Convention. May 5, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. President Ruth Hinerfeld and distinguished members of the
League of Women Voters:
It's an honor for me to come back.
The opportunity for a Governor to
speak to a national convention of the
League was indeed a pleasure and an inspiration to me. It gave me a broader
vision of what I might do in the future on
a national basis. [Laughter] And I have
to say that when I was Governor, our
State was going through a very difficult
transition period with deep sociological
changes and changes in the structure of
our government. As was the case in January of 1977, I was a newcomer to Atlanta,
as I was a newcomer to Washington later
on, and the League had an insight and a
degree of courage and commitment and
attention to detail on the broadest possible range that was extremely valuable to
me, as it is now.
This morning I'm going to speak very
briefly and then spend what time we have
available answering questions that you
might ask.
When I was Governor, my predecessor
had been asked about prison rehabilitation. The press said, "How can we have
a better prison rehabilitation program?"
Those of you who are from Georgia know
what his answer was. He said, "What we
need is a better class of prisoners."
[Laughter] Well, when people ask me
now, "How can we solve our problems on
an international and national basis
quicker and more incisive?", my answer
is, "We need a better class of problems."
[Laughter]
ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS
It's easy for us to forget in a country
so great as ours the perspective that
should be given to our Nation's strength,
our Nation's accomplishments, and our
Nation's challenges and problems. We
deal on a daily basis with the controversies, the sharp debates, the temporary disappointment, the transient circumstances
that cause us concern or inconvenience,
and that becomes the all-pervasive realization of what our Nation is. But when we
stop to think about what our Nation is,
what our accomplishments are, what our
blessings have been, what our opportunity
for the future might be, it's indeed reassuring to a President and to a citizen of
our great country.
Freedom, the attention given to an individual human being, a good education
system, a benevolent attitude toward the
world, a commitment to human rights,
principles that don't change, a deep moral
and ethical commitment, and the tapping
of the resources of a free enterprise system, a democratic government, bountiful,
natural blessings, with just a slight tinge
now of restraint on energy-all these
things bode well for our country in the
future.
This is a time of challenge. Ruth, your
president, will be working on an almost
daily basis among a very small group of
people who are developing for me an
agenda, for the 1980's, trying to project,
10 years in the future, what we might be
and how we might resolve the questions,
the problems, the challenges, and the obstacles that are so obvious to us all.
We believe in social and economic
justice, and we believe in peace-peace
for our own country and, within the
bounds of our influence, peace for others;
a peace based not on weakness, but on
82-8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
strength-a strength that doesn't need to
prove under actual test conditions that it's
there, a strength recognized by other
countries and other people, and a strength
recognized by us.
America is going through a transition
period. For the first time in our history,
we now have to realize that there are indeed limits on what God has given us to
use or to use up or to waste. There is a
limit on energy reserves. We've never had
to face that before. And we're going into
a new period where there can be just as
much excitement and innovation and
achievement and gratification of human
needs as ever before, but with a much
more careful stewardship and a much
more responsible approach to conservation and the elimination of waste than
Americans have ever had to face in the
past.
Three years ago, I spoke about the
moral equivalent of war, and the next few
weeks I was disconcerted to see op-ed
editorials and the columnists write about
the exaggeration that I put forward in a
speech to the Nation and a speech to the
Joint Session of the Congress. We anticipated then that the supply of energy
would meet the demands for energy sometime in the mid-1980's. Those two lines
intersected in 1979, and we now face a
time when we must change.
This year we will buy from other countries $90 billion worth of oil. That's more
than the net income last year of all the
corporations listed in the Fortune 500.
That amounts to $400 for every man,
woman, and child in the United States.
We import not only tremendous amounts
of oil but also inflation and unemployment, and we eliminate the opportunity
to take that money and invest it in our
own country for a better life for us all.
We had been increasing rapidly the
amount of oil we used. But in the last year
or two, there has been a growing realization among Americans that we cannot
waste energy in the future, and we've cut
back now our imports and our consumption of oil by 5 percent in the last year.
We'll have to do better in the future.
There are only two ways to cut back on
imports, very simple rules: one is to conserve energy, and secondly, to produce
more energy in the United States. That's
all; simple-[laughter]-but complicated
and difficult. And the Congress has now
been wrestling with this challenging
problem-successfully, I might say-for
the last 3 years. And we do have the immediate prospect, in the next few weeks,
of having a national energy policy for the
first time.
Interest rates have begun to fall, the
inflation rate will be down substantially
during the summer, but at the same time
in this transition phase, we face the prospect of a recession. We hope it will be
mild. We have narrowly focused, very fine
Federal programs that have been evolved
to deal with increasing threats of unemployment. But as we go to the Congress
this year for budget considerations, I need
your partnership in protecting those programs designed compassionately to meet
the needs of the most dependent persons
in our country.
We'll have a competent government;
it's got to be compassionate. And I think
if you compare, as I'm sure you are, very
thoroughly the proposals that I have
made to the Congress compared to what
the Senate and the House budget committees have done, you see that we've got
a battle on our hands.
One of the immediate concerns, as a
"for instance," is that we've got to get a
829
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
third budget resolution, authorization legislation, and appropriations to continue
food stamps after May 15. I need your active help. If the League could take that
on as a project during the next 10 days[laughter]-I know you're looking for
projects-[laughter]-it will have a major
impact.
The prospects now are not good, and
we see a possibility, maybe even a probability, that in about 2 weeks, 21 million
Americans will no longer receive food
stamps. This will create a horrendous
problem in our country, not only the disillusionment of those who might be hungry but enormous lines of people outside
the welfare offices throughout the country
searching for some alternative. And the
bureaucratic structure will have to be terminated by law, and then it will take a
while to get it back into motion when the
Congress finally acts.
So, there are challenges; there are problems. But I have never known in the history of this country, when Americans
could identify and unite, a question that
was not answered, a problem that was not
solved, or an obstacle that was not overcome. That's typical of Americans, and I
see no prospect of failure now.
The last thing I'd like to say before I
answer questions is this: We've made a lot
of progress in this 200-year period in economic and social justice, and I guess you
would have to add political justice. We've
still got one major unmet need, and that
is to have the equal rights amendment
ratified. And again, I would like to have
the help of the League of Women
Voters-[laughter]-in this project.
Again, we've made some progress.
We've had, I think, 6 women Cabinet
officers in 200 years; I've appointed 3
of them-[laughter]-not enough, not
enough. [Laughter] And we've got 32
Federal judges now who are women, and
I've appointed 28 of the 32. And we've
had a net decrease in Federal employment, since I've been President, in the
bureaucracy, but we've had a 26,000 increase in the number of women employed.
I would like to see, with the equal rights
amendment applicable throughout theNation, a time in the not distant future
when no President or no public speaker,
including Governors or Members of Congress, would have to ever mention again
how many women judges there are.
At this time, I'd like to ask those who
have questions to come to the microphones, and I'll try to keep my answers as
brief as possible. I think they are numbered, and I will try to keep up with them.
QUESTIONS
PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN DEBATE
Q. Mr. President, I'm Edith Bornn of
the League of Women Voters of the Virgin Islands. We'd like to know if you'd
give your promise to us today to participate in the League-sponsored Presidential debate this fall, if you are the nominee
of the Democratic Party. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I will be glad to
participate this fall, if I am the nominee.
[Laughter] It will be a great pleasure to be
the nominee and to debate. [Laughter]
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VOTING RIGHTS
AMENDMENT
Q. Mr. President, my name is Ruth
Dixon; I'm president of the D.C. League
of Women Voters. I would like to ask,
what is your position on ratification of the
D.C. voting rights amendment?
THE PRESIDENT. I'm strongly in favor
of it. I believe that this is necessary. We
830
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
have, again, an unmet need, which has
been recognized by the Congress, of providing voting rights for a large unfranchised group of Americans. So, I'm
strongly in favor of the ratification of the
D.C. amendment.
Q. Thank you, Mr. President.
STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION
Q. Mr. President, Ruth Johnson of the
Dover, Delaware, League. What are the
administration's plans for taking SALT
II off the back burner? We need arms
control, and we're very concerned about
the effects of military spending on our
budget.
THE PRESIDENT. At the time the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, I worked with
the congressional leaders, Senator Byrd
and others, in not withdrawing SALT II
from the calendar. It is still on the calendar as a top-priority business in the ratification of treaties. I'm looking forward to
an opportunity to revive the ratification of
SALT II, and I have made it plain to
the Soviet Union leaders that until this
treaty is ratified, provided there's a reciprocal commitment by the Soviet Union honored through our own close observation of their actions, that we will
also honor the provisions of SALT II
even before it is ratified.
We are now prepared to move forward
on the theater nuclear force discussions,
which affect primarily medium-range
missiles, not located in our own country,
but in Europe, East and West Europe,
and also to commence work on SALT
III. This is a deep commitment of mine,
and I'm determined that before I go out
of office that we will have successfully
concluded the negotiations with the Soviet Union to drastically reduce nuclear
weapons, with the goal of eliminating nuclear weapons completely from the face
of the Earth.
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT'AL QTIALITY
Q. I'm Merrill Clark, Niles, Michigan,
League. You have supported a massive
synthetic fuels program arid an energy
mobilization board with powers to waive
substantive environmental ta-ws. How is
this support consistent with your stated
commitment to increased use of renewable energy sources, conservation, and environmental protection?
THE PRESIDENT. I do not favor any
waiver of substantive law.
What we put forward, and what I hope
the Congress will agree to do, is to have
an energy mobilization board which, in
effect, just cuts through redtape and expedites decisions to be made on projects
that will provide more energy for our
country. This is called a fast-track method. It does not get into whether or not a
project should be approved. It does require that a quick decision be made and
not dragged out for 7 or 8 years. one way
or the other. But I do not favor any
waiver of substantive law.
The security corporation will provide
adequate funding for the provision of alternative sources of energy, derived about
75 percent in the first number of years
from coal-and this oil and gas would be
cleanburning-and then later, of course,
to move into the production of oil and
gas from shale, which is not presently
being tapped in our country.
My conviction is and my commitment
is that this will be done without lowering
the air or water standards at all. And I
believe we will be successful in getting the
legislation and also protecting substantive
831
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
law by our country, the National Government, and also the State and local
governments and protect the environmental quality as well.
FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR CITIES
Q. Beverly Rosenstein, League of
Women Voters, Highland Park, Illinois.
Mr. President, the well-intended and
well-debated programs designed to rescue
our cities, already in trouble, are suffering from malnutrition, largely lack of
adequate funding. What will you do to
save our cities?
THE PRESIDENT. With very few exceptions, the mayors of the country have been
very supportive-[laughter] —of not only
the programs that we've put forward to
save the cities but also of me and my reelection campaign. [Laughter] And I think
this is indicative of a new sense of common
partnership that presently does exist between local governments, both county and
city, and also the State and Federal Governments. We've had a major rejuvenation of the quality of life in the cities
already.
In our search for a balanced budget in
order to turn downward the interest rate
and inflation rate increases, we have done
the best we could to preserve those programs that are important to the cities,
both in employment-we'll have a million
youth jobs this summer. Most of the
CETA programs are preserved. The employment and public service jobs are still
preserved. We have a $2 billion proposal
put forward for youth employment. The
local portion of the revenue sharing has
been protected in our recommendations to
the Congress, and also we advocated, as
you know, that $500 million each year
from the State portion of revenue sharing
be allotted to those cities which need help
most.
My opinion is that the best way to
ensure that the cities will continue to improve is to orient not just special programs
designed for the cities but all programsin transportation, education, health, and
environmental quality, jobs, housing-to
orient those toward the deteriorating areas
of our country as a top priority. This
means some shift in past policy compared
to what was the attitude of previous administrations. And I think we again have
the strong support of local governments.
But I think that in the last 3 years we've
had a substantial improvement; still have
a long way to go. But there is an overwhelming support of what we have put
forward by the county and city officials in
the country. I think this is the best indication that what I've told you as an analysis is completely objective, not subjective,
not biased, but accurate. And our commitment to the cities will not be attenuated
in the future.
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
Q. Mr. President, I'm Janet Otwell,
from the League of Women Voters of Illinois, the next State that's going to ratify
the equal rights amendment.
THE PRESIDENT. Right on.
Q. We're grateful for your support, and
we were grateful for your support 2 years
ago, because we know you did make
telephone calls and help. I understand a
delegation of our members, a bipartisan
delegation of the members of our general
assembly, is in Washington today to speak
with you.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. I wondered if you could tell us what
kind of support you're going to offer them
832
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
and also what kind of support, or if you
have talked with the mayor of the city of
Chicago and the president of the Cook
County board, and if they have given you
any indication of the kind of support that
we will get in the general assembly.
THE PRESIDENT. In the last, probably,
5 or 6 months, I have met every month
with the leaders of, I would guess, 15 different organizations committed to the
ratification of ERA. I meet with them personally. Quite often the Vice President
joins us, and my wife, also.
We have our best prospect in Illinois.
Two years ago, as you said, we didn't do
our early work adequately, neither I nor
others who were interested in ERA. We
started quicker this year. We still have a
very accurate assessment or count on the
number of Illinois members of the house
and senate who might be inclined to vote
for ERA. As you know, the recent primaries showed that of all those in the
house, I think, 6 who lost were anti-ERA.
They were replaced with pro-ERA, and
one pro-ERA house member lost but was
defeated by someone, I understand, who
was even stronger for ERA. [Laughter]
So, this afternoon I will be meeting, as
you say, with a bipartisan group of legislators from the house and senate in Illinois
to make plans on how we might be successful this year in Illinois. I have a good
relationship with the mayor of Chicago on
this issue-[laughter]-and also with the
other political leaders in Cook County; for
instance, the former mayor's son is also going to be helping us with the ERA effort.
And it's still in doubt. It would be a mistake for any of those in this room to think
that it will be an easy task, but I believe
we have a better chance this year than
we've ever had before in Illinois.
In my judgment, if Illinois does go with
ERA, it'll only leave two States, and it'll
be much easier for us to get those States
subsequently if we win a victory in Illinois.
So, I'm in it with you; we all need to do
a lot of work. And if any of you can add
your voice to mine and others to get ERA
ratified in Illinois this year, it will be a
major step forward to give an equality of
treatment for women, who have felt too
long the burden of discrimination.
Let me add one parenthetical note. If
any of you are interested or know the
members of the house or senate in Illinois
and you'd like to know what you can do to
help induce them to vote or how they
stand on the issue, if you would call Sarah
Weddington, who's sitting on my left,
third on my left, at the White House, she
can give you an update on the issue so that
you can help in your own way.
CUBAN REFUGEES
Q. I'm Marian Shapiro from Hayes,
Kansas, League of Women Voters. I've
been persuaded to ask this question by the
Florida group. [Laughter] And I've been
told by your aide that I can stop shaking,
because you're a nice guy. [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. If you'll be nice to me,
I'll stop shaking, too. Okay? [Laughter] I
hate to hear this one coming. [Laughter]
Go ahead.
Q. In light of thousands of illegal and
legal immigrants arriving daily, a problem
which is reaching critical proportions,
what does your administration intend to
do about enforcing current immigration
laws and providing funds and programs
for dealing with these newcomers, who
are presently a great burden on local
communities?
THE PRESIDENT. The entire subject or
issue or problem of the Cuban refugees
833
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
has been greatly aggravated by the inhumane approach by Fidel Castro. We,
as a nation, have always had our arms
open to receiving refugees in accordance
with American law. We now have more
than 800,000 Cuban refugees in our
country, who are making outstanding new
American citizens, as you know.
I have a responsibility to administer the
law, because I've taken an oath to do so,
and to administer it in a fair and equitable
way. It's important for me, for instance,
to treat the Cuban refugees with the same
degree of compassion and understanding
and with the same commitment to the law
as we do the refugees from Haiti and from
other countries. We are the most generous
nation on Earth in receiving refugees, and
I feel very deeply that this commitment
should be maintained.
Ours is a country of refugees. Many of
those in this room have either parents or
grandparents who were refugees who
came here looking for a new life of freedom, a chance to worship as they pleased,
or a chance to combine their own talents
to build a growing and dynamic country.
Those of us who have been here for a
generation or six or eight generations
ought to have just as open a heart to receive the new refugees as our ancestors
were received in the past.
I have organized within the White
House, under a senior assistant, Jack Watson, a combined group of departments
who are working on this special inflow of
Cuban refugees. In the last few days we
have received more than 10,000 from
Cubla. We've now opened up a staging
area at Eglin Air Force Base in the northwestern part of Florida, and we're receiving these refugees now, primarily into the
Key West area.
As you know, there are almost 400 of
those who have been issued visas by our
country who are hiding from mob violence
instigated by Castro himself, and we're
trying to get those freed by Castro to
come on into our country. These are primarily former political prisoners. So, those
400 plus literally tens of thousands of
others will be received in our country with
understanding, as expeditiously as we can,
as safely as possible on their journey
across the 90 miles of ocean, and processed in accordance with the law.
So, I don't know how else to answer
your question except to say we're doing
the' best we can. I think the local and
State officials in Florida have been extraordinarily forthcoming. We do have a
need to go back to the Congress for additional funds to care for this unexpected
influx of refugees. You can help here; the
League can help. But we'll continue to
provide an open heart and open arms to
refugees seeking freedom from Communist domination and from economic deprivation, brought about primarily by Fidel
Castro and his government.
FEDERAL PROGRAMS AND BUDGET
PROPOSALS
Q. Mr. President, my name is Joann
Fritz, and I'm from the greater Dayton
area. And inasmuch as Ohio is fast becoming a depressed State, please relate to
us your opinion of the upcoming Federal
budget cuts that may affect child development programs and emergency assistance programs, coupled with the employment factors as a result of automobiles,
steel, and population movements.
THE PRESIDENT. I will. This will have
to be the last question I'll take.
We have put forward to the Congress
a budget that is very carefully balanced
and which is very carefully designed to
protect those programs which you have
834
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
mentioned. This is a year, however, when
the battles within the Congress are not
going to be easy ones.
Both the House Budget Committee and,
even worse, in the Senate Budget Committee, those programs which you mentioned have been severely cut. These proposals will now go to the floor of the
House and Senate for a resolution of the
difference between the two budget committee recommendations, and then, of
course, we'll go to the individual appropriations committees and then back to the
floor again for the second and third budget resolutions.
As time goes on and the effect of the
deprivation of these programs, including
food stamps and others, are felt on a personal basis, my judgment is that the individual Members of the House and Senate, whether they be Democrats or Republicans, liberal or conservative, will see
that out of humaneness, they will come
back to the proposals that I made originally, which will protect these job programs, the housing programs, and others.
My recommendations in some areas are
quite liberal. As a matter of fact, my first
recommendation to Congress, when we
put forward a balanced budget, was to increase federally assisted housing by 25 percent above what it is in the current year,
up to 300,000 federally assisted homes.
We've now asked the Congress to expand
the 235 program, with Government-subsidized interest rates, to add another hundred thousand homes that will be federally assisted. This is still an issue that
is in doubt, but I think with the crippled
homebuilding industry and with the increasing demand for homes by our citizens, particularly the low- and middle-income groups, the Congress will eventually
adopt substantially what I recommended
for a budget.
The proposal that I put forward on defense expenditures is adequate. The Congress is naturally inclined, in a time of international tension, to want to raise that
even more. The Senate has done so. We
defeated, as you know, the Holt amendment this past year, that would have taken
$5 billion more out of domestic programs
and put them into defense programs. I
think that's an early indication of what
will come in the future.
But I genuinely need to have the support of the League and all those in our
country who are concerned about children-we've not cut AFDC at all-who
are concerned about the elderly-we've
not cut social security, SSI, we've not cut
Meals on Wheels-and are concerned
about jobs. As I said earlier, we have not
cut public employment jobs, we've not
cut the million summer youth jobs. We're
trying to build up those job programs in
spite of budget stringencies.
So, in all of the proposals that I've
made, I believe that in your own analysis-and the League does a superb job in
doing this-you'll find that it's to the
advantage of those deprived people to
have the administration's budget approved and to eliminate some of the unwarranted cuts that have been put forward in the House and Senate.
Let me say this, in closing, to you: Your
influence in this country, I think, is probably underestimated, even by the members of the League of Women Voters.
Quite often, because of the tremendous
diversity of responsibilities on a Member
of the House of Representatives or the
U.S. Senate or a President, there's not
enough time to address every individual
issue in a definitive and a deep way. And
in your own subcommittee work, in education and housing and transportation
835
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
and environmental quality, in health,
those kinds of issues can be more deeply
understood by you.
And there is nothing more effective, in
my judgment, than to have a small group
from the League ask for and receive an
appointment with a Member of the Senate or House, particularly when they are
home on a weekend or on a temporary
vacation, and just say, "I want to talk to
you for a few minutes about health or
children or education."
And I hope that you will stay very close
to me. Ruth Hinerfeld sees me probably
more often than she would want to, because I call on her so much. [Laughter]
And her avenue to the Oval Office is absolutely unimpeded. She can talk to me
anytime she wishes, to express to me
clearly the commitments and the motivations of the League of Women Voters. It's
a stabilizing effect on our country and also
an inspirational and a dynamic and aggressive approach to problems.
I'm eager to be a partner with you, and
I'm convinced that we can have forward
progress and, together, make the greatest
nation on Earth even greater in the future.
Thank you very much for letting me be
here today.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11 a.m. in the
ballroom at the Sheraton Washington Hotel.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Message to the Congress Transmitting
Amendments to Reorganization Plan No. I
of 1980. May 5, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I herewith transmit the following
amendments to Reorganization Plan No.
1 of 1980, which I sent to the Congress
on March 27, 1980.
The amendments to Reorganization
Plan No. 1 are consistent with my original
intent of strengthening the management
of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
in order to improve safety in all of the
agency's activities, while preserving the
advantages of the Commission form. The
amendments reinforce the purpose of the
Plan in two respects. First, the amended
Plan gives the Commission a greater role
in selection of key program officers of the
agency by adding four positions to the list
of appointments initiated by the Chairman for the Commission's advice and
consent. These are the Executive Director for Operations, the Director of Inspection and Enforcement, the Director of
Nuclear Regulatory Research, and the Director of Standards Development. Each
of these positions contributes to nuclear
safety regulation, and each performs functions that help determine the policy and
performance of the agency.
The Advisory Committee on Reactor
Safeguards advises the Commission as a
whole. Since its members serve renewable
4-year terms, another amendment provides that a Commission member, as well
as the Chairman, can initiate an appointment to the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards for approval by the
Commission.
As a means to ensure that the flow of
information to the Commission will not
be restricted, the Plan has been amended
to make explicit that the Chairman, and
the Executive Director of Operations
through the Chairman, shall keep the
Commission fully and currently informed.
The second general purpose of the
amendments is to provide for more effective executive management of the agency
836
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
by making more explicit the responsibilities of the Chairman and the Executive
Director for Operations acting under his
direction. As amended, the Plan charges
the Chairman with planning for the development of policy for consideration and
approval by the Commission. In the past,
this responsibility has not been clearly
fixed and has consequently been neglected. The amended Plan continues to make
clear that the Executive Director for Operations reports to the Chairman. An
amendment, however, requires the Chairman to delegate to the Executive Director for Operations the authority to appoint the staff and the day-to-day administration of the agency. Under this arrangement, the Chairman retains responsibility
for the delegated functions but will be
better able to handle his other leadership
tasks.
In summary, the amendments I am
transmitting to Reorganization Plan No.
1 of 1980, based on review and hearings
conducted by the Congress and on continued consultations, will help establish a
more accountable central management
structure for the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission as it pursues its statutory objective of ensuring safety in the use of
nuclear power.
assembled on March 27, 1980, is hereby
amended to read as follows:
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
SECTION 1. (a) Those functions of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Commission",
concerned with:
(1) policy formulation;
(2) rulemaking, as defined in section
553 of Title 5 of the United States
Code, except that those matters
set forth in 553 (a) (2) and (b)
which do not pertain to policy
formulation orders or adjudications shall be reserved to the
Chairman of the Commission;
(3) orders and adjudications, as defined in section 551 (6) and (7)
of Title 5 of the United States
Code;
shall remain vested in the Commission.
The Commission may determine by majority vote, in an area of doubt, whether
any matter, action, question or area of inquiry pertains to one of these functions.
The performance of any portion of these
functions may be delegated by the Commission to a member of the Commission,
including the Chairman of the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, hereinafter referred to as the "Chairman", and to the
staff through the Chairman.
(b) (1) With respect to the following
officers or successor officers duly established by statute or by the Commission,
the Chairman shall initiate the appointment, subject to the approval of the Commission; and the Chairman or a member
of the Commission may initiate an action
for removal, subject to the approval of the
Commission:
(i) Executive Director for Operations,
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 5, 1980.
AMENDMENTS TO
REORGANIZATION PLAN No. 1 OF 1980
Prepared by the President and submitted to the
Senate and the House of Representatives in
Congress assembled May 5, 1980, pursuant to
the provisions of Chapter 9 of Title 5 of the
United States Code.
Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1980,
which was transmitted to the Senate and
the House of Representatives in Congress
837
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
(ii) General Counsel,
(iii) Secretary of the Commission,
(iv) Director of the Office of Policy
Evaluation,
(v) Director of the Office of Inspector and Auditor,
(vi) Chairman, Vice Chairman, Executive Secretary, and Members
of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel,
(vii) Chairman, Vice Chairman and
Members of the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Appeal Panel.
(2) With respect to the following officers or successor officers duly established
by statute or by the Commission, the
Chairman, after consultation with the Executive Director for Operations, shall
initiate the appointment, subject to the
approval of the Commission, and the
Chairman, or a member of the Commission may initiate an action for removal,
subject to the approval of the Commission:
(i) Director of Nuclear Reactor
Regulation,
(ii) Director of Nuclear Material
Safety and Safeguards,
(iii) Director of Nuclear Regulatory
Research,
(iv) Director of Inspection and Enforcement,
(v) Director of Standards Development.
(3) The Chairman or a member of the
Commission shall initiate the appointment
of the Members of the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, subject to the
approval of the Commission. The provisions for appointment of the Chairman of
the Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards and the term of the members shall
not be affected by the provisions of this
Reorganization Plan.
(4) The Commission shall delegate the
function of appointing, removing and supervising the staff of the following offices
or successor offices to the respective heads
of such offices: General Counsel, Secretary of the Commission, Office of Policy
Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor. The Commission shall delegate the
functions of appointing, removing and
supervising the staff of the following
panels and committee to the respective
Chairmen thereof: Atomic Safety and
Licensing Board Panel, Atomic Safety and
Licensing Appeal Panel and Advisory
Committee on Reactor Safeguards.
(c) Each member of the Commission
shall continue to appoint, remove and supervise the personnel employed in his or
her immediate office.
(d) The Commission shall act as provided by subsection 201 (a) (1) of the
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as
amended (42 U.S.C. 5841 (a) (1)) in the
performance of its functions as described
in subsections (a) and (b) of this section.
SECTION 2. (a) All other functions of
the Commission, not specified by Section
1 of this Reorganization Plan, are hereby
transferred to the Chairman. The Chairman shall be the official spokesman for
the Commission, and shall appoint, supervise, and remove, without further action by the Commission, the Directors and
staff of the Office of Public Affairs and
the Office of Congressional Relations. The
Chairman may consult with the Commission as he deems appropriate in exercising this appointment function.
(b) The Chairman shall also be the
principal executive officer of the Commission, and shall be responsible to the Commission for developing policy planning
838
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 5
and guidance for consideration by the
Commission; shall be responsible to the
Commission for assuring that the Executive Director for Operations and the staff
of the Commission (other than the officers
and staff referred to in sections (1) (b)
(4), (1) (c) and (2) (a) of this Reorganization Plan) are responsive to the requirements of the Commission in the
performance of its functions; shall determine the use and expenditure of funds of
the Commission, in accordance wth the
distribution of appropriated funds according to major programs and purposes approved by the Commission; shall present
to the Commission for its consideration
the proposals and estimates set forth in
subsection (3) of this paragraph; and
shall be responsible for the following
functions, which he shall delegate, subject to his direction and supervision, to
the Executive Director for Operations unless otherwise provided by this Reorganization Plan:
(1) administrative functions of the
Commission;
(2) distribution of business among
such personnel and among administrative units and offices of the
Commission;
(3) preparation of
(i) proposals for the reorganization of the major offices
within the Commission;
(ii) the budget estimate for the
Commission; and
(iii) the proposed distribution of
appropriated funds according to major programs and
purposes.
(4) appointing and removing without
any further action by the Commission, all officers and employees
under the Commission other than
those whose appointment and removal are specifically provided for
by subsections 1 (b), (c) and 2 (a)
of this Reorganization Plan.
(c) The Chairman as principal executive officer and the Executive Director
for Operations shall be governed by the
general policies of the Commission and by
such regulatory decisions, findings, and
determinations, including those for reorganization proposals, budget revisions
and distribution of appropriated funds, as
the Commission may by law, including
this Plan, be authorized to make. The
Chairman and the Executive Director for
Operations, throug h the Chairmnan, shall
be responsible for insuring that the Commission is fully and currently informed
about matters within its functions.
SECTION 3. (a) Notwithstanding sections 1 and 2 of this Reorganization Plan,
there are hereby transferred to the
Chairman all the functions vested in the
Commission pertaining to an emergency
concerning a particular facility or materials licensed or regulated by the Commission, including the functions of declaring,
responding, issuing orders, determining
specific policies, advising the (civil aithorities and the public, directing, and coordinating actions relative to such emergency
incident.
(b) The Chairman ra y delegate the
authority to perform such emergency
functions, in whole or in part, to any of
the other members of the Commission.
Such authority may also be delegated or
redelegated, in whole or in part, to the
staff of the Commission.
(c) In acting under this section, the
Chairman, or other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b), shall conform to the policy
guidelines of the Commission. To tfhe
839
May 5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
maximum extent possible under the
emergency conditions, the Chairman or
other member of the Commission delegated authority under subsection (b),
shall inform the Commission of actions
taken relative to the emergency.
(d) Following the conclusion of the
emergency, the Chairman or the member
of the Commission delegated the emergency functions under subsection (b),
shall render a complete and timely report
to the Commission on the actions taken
during the emergency.
SECTION 4. (a) The Chairman may
make such delegations and provide for
such reporting as the Chairman deems
necessary, subject to provisions of law
and this Reorganization Plan. Any officer
or employee under the Commission may
communicate directly to the Commission,
or to any member of the Commission,
whenever in the view of such officer or
employee a critical problem of public
health and safety or common defense and
security is not being properly addressed.
(b) The Executive Director for Operations shall report for all matters to the
Chairman.
(c) The function of the Directors of
Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear
Material Safety and Safeguards, and Nuclear Regulatory Research of reporting
directly to the Commission is hereby
transferred so that such officers report to
the Executive Director for Operations.
The function of receiving such reports is
hereby transferred from the Commission
to the Executive Director for Operations.
(d) The heads of the Commission level
offices or successor offices, of General
Counsel, Secretary to the Commission,
Office of Policy Evaluation, Office of Inspector and Auditor, the Atomic Safety
and Licensing Board Panel and Appeal
Panel, and Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards shall continue to report
directly to the Commission and the Com
mission shall continue to receive such reports.
SECTION 5. The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall take effect October 1, 1980, or at such earlier time or
times as the President shall specify, but
no sooner than the earliest time allowable
under Section 906 of Title 5 of the United
States Code.
Department of Education
Nomination of Martha Elizabeth Keys To
Be Assistant Secretary for Legislation.
May 5, 1980
The President today announced his intention to nominate Martha Elizabeth
Keys, of Manhattan, Kans., to be Assistant Secretary of Education for Legislation, a new position.
Keys is now a special adviser to the
Secretary of Education and was U.S. Representative from the Second District of
Kansas from 1974 to 1978.
She was born August 10, 1930, in
Hutchinson, Kans. She received a B.A.
from the University of Missouri in 1951.
As a Member of Congress, she served
on the House Ways and Means Committee and on the Subcommittees on Health
and on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation.
Department of Education
Designation of Seven Persons To Serve as
Acting Officials. May 5, 1980
The President has designated seven executive branch officials to serve in an
"acting" capacity in Education Department positions. These are positions which
require Senate confirmation and which
have not been filled at this time. The
designated officials will serve for 120 days
840
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 6
or until the office is filled, whichever
comes first. The seven officials are:
CYNTHIA G. BROWN, to be Assistant Secretary
for Civil Rights. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Brown
for this position.)
DANIEL B. DUNHAM, to be Assistant Secretary
for Vocational and Adult Education. (The
President has announced his intention to
nominate Daniel B. Taylor for this position.
TavlQr cannot be appointed as Acting Assista I Secretary under this provision because he is not currently an executive branch
official. Dunham is currently Deputy Commissioner for the Bureau of Occupational
and Adult Education at the U.S. Office of
Education.)
MARTHA E. KEYS, to be Assistant Secretary for
Legislation. (The President today announced
his intention to nominate Keys for this position.)
EDWIN W. MARTIN, JR., to be Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services. (The President has announced his
intention to nominate Martin for this position.)
THOMAS K. MINTER, to be Assistant Secretary
for Elementary and Secondary Education.
(Minter has been nominated for this position
but has not been confirmed.)
F. JAMES RUTHERFORD, to be Assistant Secretary for Educational Research and Improvement. (The President has announced his intention to nominate Rutherford for this position.)
JOHN C. YAZURLO, to be Inspector General.
(No one has been nominated or announced
for this position. Yazurlo is Deputy Inspector
General at the Department of Housing and
Urban Development.)
Salute to Learning Day, 1980
Proclamation 4755. May 5, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Throughout our history, Americans
have been committed to the ideas of edu
cation and learning. In the eighteenth century, the law often decreed that land be
set aside in each township for public
schools. In the nineteenth century, hundreds of towns that were scarcely more
than clearings in the wilderness nevertheless had their Lyceums, named for the
garden in Athens where Aristotle taught,
and dedicated to public enlightenment. As
our Nation grew, teachers in every town
and city spread the love of learning and
offered the opportunity to make the
American dream come true. In the twentieth century, education has become
available to Americans of all ages, both inside the classroom and through a widening
range of facilities and technological aids
that allow them to pursue whatever skills
and knowledge they might wish from
childhood through old age.
America's gifts to the world include
not only our Constitution, the incandescent light bulb and the automobile, but
the free public school and the land-grant
college system.
From the beginning we Americans have
found practical ways to organize ourselves
to make our dreams reality. And so we
have built schools, public and private,
from log cabin classrooms in the backwoods to gleaming city campuses of steel
and marble. Today, education is our Nation's largest enterprise. State and local
governments have exercised primary responsibility for public education, gradually expanding its range. The Federal
government has sought to ensure access to
equal educational opportunity for all our
people. Higher education-once the privilege of a tiny elite-is now within the
reach of virtually every American. We
have been able to build the most comprehensive and open system of public education in the world because of the
continuing commitment of Americans to
841
May 6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the essential freedom to pursue knowledge
and truth, and to the principle that if the
people are to rule, they must be prepared.
Now, to meet the needs of the generations to come, we have established a
Department of Education to express our
national commitment to education, to
promote equal educational opportunity,
to assist local authorities in their efforts
to improve our schools, and to administer Federal education programs more
efficiently.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby proclaim this day, the 7th of
May 1980, as Salute to Learning Day in
honor of this beginning.
I call upon all parents and students, all
teachers and administrators, all lawmakers and public officials-I call upon all my
fellow citizens to celebrate this day. As a
people, let us dedicate ourselves anew to
building an educational system which will
cherish young people, instill self-discipline
and prepare students for tomorrow's
world;,whiceh will encourage scientific
curiosity arAnd foster arstistic creativity;
which will su2pport researc., reward good
teaching and honor hish intellectual
accomplish.men.
Only by making this commitment can
we pass on a tradition of ed, rational excellence and equal opportar:;:y -o AmericanS of the twenty-first century and give
them the tools they will need to shape
their own interpretations of the American
dream and make their own contributions to life, ierty, and the pursuit of
happiness.
IN WITNESS 'Hi-E REOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:04 a.m., May 6, 1980]
NOTE: The text of the proclamation was released on May 6.
Federal Highway Administration
Nomination of John S. Hassell, Jr., To Be
Administrator. May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate John S. Hassell, Jr., of
Jonesboro, Ga., to be Administrator of the
Federal Highway Administration (FHA).
He would replace Karl Smith Bowers,
who has resigned. Hassell has been Deputy
Administrator of the FHA since 1978.
He was born May 3, 1943, in Tallahassee, Fla. He received a B.C.E. (1961) and
an M.S.C.E. (1966) from Georgia Institute of Technology and a Ph. D. from
Georgia State University in 1972. He
served in the U.S. Army from 1969 to
1971.
From 1964 to 1966 and 1967 to 1969,
Hassell was a research assistant with
Georgia Tech's department of civil engineering. In 1967 he was a transportation
planner with Traffic Planning Associates.
As a captain in the Army from 1969 to
1971, he was an instructor at the Army
Engineer School.
From 1971 to 1972, Hassell was a research engineer at Georgia Tech. He was
with the Georgia Department of Transportation from 1973 to 1977, as a civil
engineer, chief of the systems research
branch, and finally chief of the policy
planning section. From 1977 to 1978, he
was Associate Administrator for Planning
at the FHA.
842
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 6
United States Ambassador to
Kenya and Seychelles
Nomination of William C. Harrop.
May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate William C. Harrop, of
Princeton, N.J., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to the Republic of Kenya
and to the Republic of Seychelles. He
would replace Wilbert Le Melle, resigned.
Harrop has been Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs since
1977.
He was born February 19, 1929, in Baltimore, Md. He received an A.B. from
Harvard University in 1950. He served in
the U.S. Marine Corps from 1951 to 1952.
Harrop joined the Foreign Service in
1954 and was posted in Palermo, Rome,
Brussels, Lubumbashi, and at the State
Department. In 1968-69 he was detailed
to study at the Woodrow Wilson School,
Princeton University.
From 1969 to 1973, Harrop was Director of the Office of Research and Analysis
for Africa at the State Department. He
was Deputy Chief of Mission in Canberra
from 1973 to 1975 and Ambassador to
Guinea from 1975 to 1977.
United States Ambassador to
Nepal
Nomination of Phillip R. Trimble.
May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Phillip R. Trimble, of New
York City, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United
States to the Kingdom of Nepal. He
would replace L. Douglas Heck, resigned.
Trimble was deputy mayor of New
York City for intergovernmental relations
from 1978 to 1979.
He was born November 12, 1937, in
Springfield, Ohio. He received an A.B.
from Ohio University in 1958, an M.A.
from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in 1959, and an LL.B. from Harvard
Law School in 1963. He was a Fulbright
Scholar at the University of Rangoon
(Burma) in 1960.
From 1963 to 1964, Trimble was a
teaching associate at the School of Law at
the University of California at Berkeley.
From 1964 to 1971, he was an attorney
with the New York law firm of Cravath,
Swaine & Moore.
From 1971 to 1972, Trimble was on
the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee staff. From 1972 to 1974, he again
practiced with Cravath, Swaine & Moore.
From 1974 to 1977, he was Assistant Legal
Adviser for Economics and Business at
the State Department.
Trimble was the leader of a successful
American expedition to Mount Everest in
1976 and has led several other mountaineering expeditions.
United States Ambassador to the
Sudan
Nomination of C. William Kontos.
May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate C. William Kontos, of
Chicago, Ill., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United
States to the Democratic Republic of the
843
May 6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Sudan. He would replace Donald C.
Bergus, resigned. Kontos has been Special
Representative of the President and Director of the Sinai Support Mission since
1976.
He was born August 10, 1922, in
Chicago. He received an M.A. from the
University of Chicago in 1948. He served
in the U.S. Army from 1943 to 1946.
Kontos was with the U.S. Agency for
International Development (AID) from
1949 to 1972. He was stationed in Greece,
Ceylon, and Nigeria, and at AID's Washington headquarters. From 1965 to 1967,
Kontos was Director of Personnel for
AID. From 1967 to 1969, he was Director of the U.S. AID Mission to Pakistan,
and from 1969 to 1972, he was Director
of Program Evaluation at AID in Washington.
From 1972 to 1974, Kontos was posted
at the United Nations as Deputy Commissioner-General of the U.N. Relief and
Works Agency. From 1974 to 1976, he was
on the policy planning staff at the State
Department.
National Consumer Cooperative
Bank
Nomination of Alexis Herman To Be a
Member of the Board of Directors.
May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate Alexis Herman to be a
member of the Board of Directors of the
National Consumer Cooperative Bank, a
new position.
Herman is Director of the Women's Bureau at the Labor Department and would
serve on the Board of the National Con
sumer Cooperative Bank as a Government
representative.
She was born July 16, 1947, in Mobile,
Ala. She received a B.A. from Xavier University in 1969.
From 1969 to 1972, Herman was a
social worker for Catholic Social Services
in Mobile. From 1972 to 1974, she was
director of the Black Women Employment
Program of the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta and from 1974 to 1977, she
was national director of women's programs for the Minority Women Employment Program of the Recruitment and
Training Program, Inc., in Atlanta.
Herman has been director of the Women's Bureau since 1977. One of her responsibilities is chairing the task force
which coordinates and monitors the minority bank deposit program and contracts
to minority-owned businesses and womenowned businesses.
National Advisory Council on
Adult Education
Appointment of Five Members.
May 6, 1980
The President today announced that he
has appointed five persons to be members
of the National Advisory Council on
Adult Education, for terms expiring
July 10, 1982. They are:
NOELIA G. BALDAZO, of Seattle, a project consultant with the firm of Osoro & Associates.
She will replace Gertrude Calden, whose
term has expired.
MICHAEL E. CRAWFORD, of Davenport, Iowa,
chancellor/superintendent of the Eastern
Iowa Community College District. He will
replace Joan E. Kennedy, whose term has
expired.
844
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 6
IRBY DELL ENGRAM, SR., of Fairburn, Ga., the
retired former administrator and academic
dean/registrar of South Georgia College. He
will replace Lane Murray, whose term has
expired.
HELEN H. HUFF, of Boise, Idaho, the director
of adult education at Boise State University.
She will replace Betty Mage, whose term has
expired.
EDWARD J. MORTOLA, of New Rochelle, N.Y.,
the president of Pace University in New
York. He will replace John Wu, whose term
has expired.
White House Briefing for Civic
and Community Leaders
Remarks During a Briefing on Energy and
Inflation. May 6, 1980
First of all, let me say how grateful I
am that you would come to the White
House for a briefing about matters that
are of concern to you and to me and to
the rest of our Nation.
It's important in a democracy to realize
that a President is only as strong and as
capable as his advisers and friends
throughout the country. This is a house
wherein history has been made by my
predecessors and is being made every day,
and to have the full involvement of leaders like all of you, who have the respect of
your peers at home and who have knowledge and experience so valuable to us all,
is indeed exciting for me.
I know that you realize the complexity
of issues that confront us during these
trying days, both in international matters
and also in domestic affairs. There are
times when international problems are
combined with intense human feelings.
This morning I met with the Florida delegation on the extremely difficult problem
of Haitian and Cuban refugees seeking
asylum in our country. And of course, the
hostages being held in Iran are a constant
concern to me almost every waking moment. How to resolve this serious problem
for humanity and for international interrelationships is indeed a challenge which
we have not yet been able to resolve.
I could not help noticing with intense
interest the difference in the responsibility
assumed by the British Government in
protecting the Embassy of Iran compared
with the Iranian Government condoning
the terrorist attack on our Embassy. And
the maintenance of international norms
and the maintenance of the standards of
human decency are a prerequisite for the
orderly progress of any nation, and in
particular, Iran.
Their Government is fragmented.
They've not been able to implement the
results of their so-called revolution. In
spite of weeks of attempts, they've not
even been able to complete the election
for members of their Parliament. Their
economy is deteriorating daily. They've
been condemned by almost every nation
on Earth. And all of it is based upon an
inhumane act encouraged by, or at least
condoned by, the Government itself.
The prayers and the concerns of all
Americans have been demonstrated in
this last few months. And I believe that
our Nation is remarkably united and uncharacteristically patient in trying to
preserve the lives and the safety of our
hostages; at the same time, to protect the
principles on which our Nation was
founded and which we still must preserve.
This afternoon, as you've already
learned, the prime subjects at hand are
the interrelationship between energy and
inflation. I know, in just a very few min
845
May 6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
utes-I won't take more than 5 more minutes-I will repeat some things that you've
already heard, but I thought, from the
point of view of the Oval Office, of the
White House, of the President, it might be
good to repeat them.
The international and national domestic affairs are combined. There is no way
to separate them. Inflation is a worldwide
problem. Unemployment threats are a
worldwide problem. And all of us are suffering, to an increasing degree in recent
months, from the extraordinary increase
in the price of oil.
In a 16-month period, we've seen a 150 -percent increase in the price of oil sold
on the international market. This is an
inflation rate of 10 percent per month, an
extraordinary change in price. And of
course, our Nation is seriously and adversely affected in its inflation rate, because we've added this enormous increase
in price to a very low average price for
American gasoline and oil products compared to other consuming nations.
This year we will send to foreign countries, to buy their oil, about $90 billion,
equivalent to the net profit last year of all
of the Fortune 500 corporations in our
country and equal to $400 for every man,
woman, and child in the United States of
America. This is the importation not only
of large quantities of oil but also we import, as you well know, both inflation and
unemployment.
In just a few weeks, with the conclusion of the mobilization board and security corporation legislation combined with
the windfall profits tax and the omnibus
bills passed in the last few months, we
will finally have a national energy policy
that will stand us in good stead in the
future. This policy will only accomplish
two things in order to cut down the import of foreign oil: One is conservation,
a broad approach to eliminating waste of
energy in the American societal structure;
and the other of the two is the increased
production of energy in our own country.
To save what we use and to produce more
ourselves are the only two answers to excessive imports.
We had anticipated, with the previous
growth rate, importing approximately 13
million barrels of oil per day by 1990. We
now have a goal, which I believe we will
reach, of cutting that down to about 4',2
million barrels of oil per day by 1990;
perhaps, if we're fortunate, even down to
4 million barrels per day.
This will require a concerted effort by
American people. And I think in the last
8 to- 10 months, we've had new indications that Americans are indeed conserving, changing our habits, which is not easy
for us, recognizing for the first time that
there is a tangible limit on natural resources with which God has blessed this
country. We've never had to face that fact
before. We've always felt that whatever
we needed was there, and in most instances that is the case. But it won't hurt
us to be better stewards of what we have
been given and to protect future generations and our children from unwarranted shortages. Oil, gas, coal are here
in plentiful supply. Shale oil, productive
land, sunshine, running water-all these
resources are available to us.
So, I don't think we need look to the
future with any feeling of despair, with
any feeling of selfishness. We need not
grasp for some advantage at the expense
of our neighbor. There will be an adequately productive life and enjoyable life
846
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 6
for us all. We are still the most blessed
nation on Earth, with human freedom,
strongest militarily, economically, politically, morally, ethically, and with productive land that will give us a much greater
strategic advantage in the future than the
OPEC nations collectively enjoy now from
exportable oil.
Also, it's good for us to remember that
even in energy we are especially blessed.
The OPEC nations combined have about
6 percent of the world's known energy reserves. We have more than 20 percent in
our country, and ours are much more
diverse in nature.
Well, we do have a strong country. And
as we look upon the day's news reports,
what we remember is the argument and
the debate and the temporary inconvenience or the transient disappointment.
But what we sometimes tend to forget
is the basic underlying strength of
America-because of our natural resources, but primarily because of our
people-where the individual person can
have his or her talents tapped under a
free enterprise system which enhances
freedom and human initiative. Ours is a
flexible nation. We can change rapidly to
accommodate changing times.
So, we can approach the future with
confidence, with unity, with commitment,
with a knowledge that our country,
through strength, will stay at peace. And
we can provide leadership on a continuing
basis for the rest of the world.
Now I'd like to take any questions that
you might have for a few minutes. I'll
start on the aisle.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:19 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
The question-and-answer session is not included in the transcript.
Youth Employment and
Training Legislation
Statement on Action by the House
Committee on Education and Labor.
May 6, 1980
The enactment of major youth employment and education legislation this year
is among my highest priorities.
The strong bill reported today from the
House Committee on Education and
Labor is consistent with my administration's specifications and budget proposals.
I want to congratulate Chairman Carl
Perkins and Congressman Gus Hawkins,
chairman of the Employment Opportunities Subcommittee, and Congressmen Bill
Goodling and James Jeffords, ranking
members of the key subcommittees, for
their successful work on this measure.
I look forward to continuing to work
closely with House and Senate leaders to
enact and to fund this critical initiative.
Tribute to Eight American
Servicemen
Proclamation 4756. May 6, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
The names of the eight American servicemen who died in a mission of rescue in
Iran will forever stand among the names
of heroes. They were valiant men. They
knew the danger of the task for which they
had volunteered, and they were willing to
confront that danger because they wished
to right a terrible wrong.
847
May 6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
At a time when the delicate, age-old
patterns of diplomatic communication
that help maintain the peace of the world
are under direct attack, we have a great
need of men and women ready to make
the sacrifices that freedom and security
require. The eight who gave their lives
while attempting to free their fellow
Americans from an illegal and intolerable
captivity were such individuals. They
knew the price that freedom can demand,
and they were prepared to pay it. They
laid down their lives for their countrymen,
for their Nation's honor, and for the principles of justice and civilization. We
mourn their loss; we admire their courage; we respect their dedication; and we
reaffirm the principles for which they
died.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
by virtue of the authority vested in me as
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed
Forces (36 U.S.C. 178) do hereby proclaim that, as a mark of respect to the
memory of these brave men, the flag of the
United States shall be flown at half-staff
on all buildings, grounds and naval vessels
of the Federal Government in the District
of Columbia and throughout the United
States and its Territories and possessions
upon notification of the provisions of this
Proclamation until sunset on Friday,
May 9.
I also direct that the flag shall be flown
at half-staff for the same length of time
at all United States embassies, legations,
consular offices, and other facilities
abroad, including all military facilities
and naval vessels and stations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of May, in
the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
1 1:44 a.m., May 7, 1980]
Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe
Appointment of Chairman and Cochairman
of the U.S. Delegation to the Review Meeting
of the Conference. May 6, 1980
The President today announced his intention to appoint the former Attorney
General, Judge Griffin Bell, of Atlanta,
Ga., and Max M. Kampelman, Washington attorney and chairman of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars, to serve as chairman and cochairman, respectively, of the United
States delegation to the review meeting of
the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, to be held in Madrid later
this year.
In view of the importance which the
President attaches to this meeting, he will
accord to both Judge Bell and Mr. Kampelman the personal rank of Ambassador
for the duration of their assignments.
Representative Dante B. Fascell, Senator Claiborne Pell, and Ambassador Terence A. Todman have agreed to serve as
vice-chairmen of the delegation. Representative Fascell and Senator Pell, who
are chairman and cochairman, respectively, of the U.S. (Helsinki) Commission
on Security and Cooperation in Europe,
also served as vice-chairmen of the U.S.
delegation to the first CSCE review meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, from October
1977 through March 1978. Ambassador
Todman is the U.S. Ambassador to Spain,
host country for the 1980 review meeting.
848
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 7
Nuclear Safety Oversight
Committee
Appointment of the Membership.
May 7, 1980
The President today announced the five
persons whom he will appoint as members of the Nuclear Safety Oversight
Committee.
The Committee was established by Executive order on March 18, 1980, in response to recommendations of the President's Commission on the Accident at
Three Mile Island (the Kemeny Commission). The Committee will monitor the
progress of the utilities and their suppliers,
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
other Federal agencies, and State and
local authorities in implementing the
Kemeny Commission's recommendations
and in improving the safety of nuclear
power. The Committee will be in operation for at least 2 years and will report
periodically to the President and the public on its findings.
The five members of the Committee
will be:
BRUCE BABBITT, Governor of Arizona, who will
serve as Chairman. Babbitt was a member
of the Kemeny Commission.
JOHN DEUTCH, professor of chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and
former Under Secretary of Energy.
MARVIN L. GOLDBERGER, a physicist and president of California Institute of Technology.
Goldberger was formerly a professor of
physics at Princeton University and was a
member of the President's Science Advisory
Committee.
PATRICK E. HAGGERTY, of Dallas, Tex., who
was president and chief executive officer of
Texas Instruments until his retirement in
1976. Haggerty is chairman of the board of
trustees of Rockefeller University and a
trustee of the University of Dallas. He was
a member of the Kemeny Commission.
HAROLD W. LEWIS, professor of physics at the
University of California at Santa Barbara
and former director of the Quantum Institute there.
National Advisory Council on
Indian Education
Appointment of Five Members. May 7, 1980
The President today announced the
appointment of five persons as members
of the National Advisory Council on Indian Education. They are:
W. STANLEY JUNEAU, vice chairman of the
Blackfeet Tribal Business Council in Browning, Mont., previously a guidance counselor
at Browning High School;
FRANCIS MCKINLEY, executive director of the
National Indian Training and Research Center, Tempe, Ariz., who has served as a member and as chairman of the Ute Tribal
Council;
HELEN MARIE REDBIRD, professor of social science and coordinator of sociology and anthropology at Oregon College of Education,
where her work includes special education
projects and work with adult Indian education;
EDWARD K. THOMAS, director of Indian education for the Ketchikan (Alaska) Borough
school district and director of JohnsonO'Malley programs for the Ketchikan Indian Corp.;
NOAH WOODS, principal of Oxendine Elementary School, Maxton, N.C., a rural school
in a predominantly Indian community, and a
member of the Advisory Council of the
Lumbee Regional Development Association.
Cuban Refugees
Announcement of the Use of Fort Chaff ee,
Arkansas, as a Temporary Housing Site.
May 7, 1980
The White House announced today
that Fort Chaffee, Ark., will be used as an
849
May 7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
additional temporary site to house Cuban
refugees awaiting resettlement.
The continued heavy influx of Cuban
refugees has brought the arrival facilities
in the Florida Keys and the processing
centers at the Tamiami Youth Center in
Miami and Eglin Air Force Base in the
Florida panhandle to capacity. The Federal Government processing centers and
temporary housing facilities are being
used to provide food, shelter, and medical
care for those refugees who do not have
family or friends to sponsor their arrival
in this country.
The Federal Emergency Management
Agency is coordinating with the Department of Defense and other appropriate
Federal agencies to prepare the Fort
Chaffee site and relocate the refugees
from their arrival points in south Florida.
Fort Chaffee, near Fort Smith, Ark.,
was used in 1975 and 1976 as a temporary
housing facility for refugees from Indochina. The facility is expected to be fully
operational within a week.
Department of Education
Remarks at a Program Marking the
Inauguration of the Department.
May 7, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Secretary Hufstedler,
other members of the Cabinet, Members
of the Congress, distinguished leaders in
the field of education, parents, and other
friends of our students of all ages:
There's an old saying that "victory has
a hundred fathers." And I think this afternoon it's appropriate to say that this victory to establish a new Department of
Education has more than a thousand
fathers and mothers assembled here this
afternoon.
We're very delighted that this delightful
ceremony has been made possible by you.
This evening we will have a special ceremony here on this same platform, comprised of distinguished Americans who
will give us entertainment and inspiration
and who will bring with them their favorite or most significant teacher.
This morning for a few minutes, about
8: 30, I had to go back to the White House
on an errand. And when I walked through
the second-floor hall, my wife, one of
Amy's teachers, was giving her instruction
in violin. And I walked past the television
set on the second floor, and Loretta Lynn
was introducing to one of the morning talk
shows her favorite and most significant
teacher-her mother.
It was pointed out by her, Ms. Butcher,
that she only had an eighth-grade education. And Loretta Lynn pointed out that
she and her brothers and sisters in Butcher
Hollow were inspired as much by her own
mother in the home as even the classroom
teachers, who changed quite often in that
one-room schoolhouse, because the big
boys quite often beat up the female
teachers.
This Nation has been inspired and
transformed and constructed by educators
of all kinds: mothers in homes, teachers in
the classroom, those on a training, giving
people an opportunity for a new job. You
and millions of others whom you represent
have made this ceremony and this celebration possible. You've given of your
time, your energies, your spirits; some of
you, a major part of your own life. You've
made a difference between victory and defeat for this new Department and victory
and defeat for the quality of education
now and in the future.
850
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 7
You have a right to cherish this personal
achievement and this personal victory,
which has been made possible, for the rest
of your lives. I congratulate you, and I
thank you all.
Because of you, today there is a fullfledged, Cabinet-level Department of Education and a chair in the White House,
not many yards from here, in the Cabinet
Room, marked "Secretary of Education."
And we have an outstanding Secretary,
whom I'll introduce in a few minutes, to
fill that chair and to fill the responsibilities
of this new job.
Because of you, the voice of education,
the concerns of education, the needs of
education will now be more clearly heard
and more clearly represented at the highest possible level of our Government.
For the new Department, this day
marks a commencement. It's a time to
look not at our achievements of the past,
which have been notable, but to look at
what we can achieve and what we face
in the future.
Today our Nation is confronted with
serious challenges. We are being tested
both overseas and here at home. We see
a new and vicious form of international
terrorism in Tehran, and we confront a
brutal and dangerous aggression in Southwest Asia that has taken thousands of lives
already and which literally threatens
world peace. We are threatened economically, as well, by an excessive dependence
on foreign oil, and by a global inflation
that results from that overdependence.
Certainly these are awesome challenges.
But this is not the first generation of
Americans to face severe tests. This is not
the first generation of Americans to have
to make difficult and shocking changes
and adjustments to face new conditions.
This is not the first generation to seek the
new opportunities which have always accompanied change.
Ours is a nation born in the rough and
rugged wilderness; a nation that has endured a bloody and divisive Civil War, the
Great Depression, two World Wars, and
more recently, social and political changes
and political shocks of both stunning
dimensions and whirlwind speed. Our
Nation has done more than simply endure these historic challenges. We have
prevailed; we've grown stronger as a nation in every way. And with each new
test, we've become ever more devoted to
fundamental principles and fundamental
commitments and fundamental beliefs of
freedom, of democracy, human rights,
that have guided us since the very earliest
days of our Republic.
Time and again, under the most difficult of circumstances, we have been able
to adapt to change. Time and again, we
have exploited these new opportunities
that come with change. And always, we
Americans have seen the vital role that
education must play in this process.
Almost 200 years ago, as the early
pioneers struggled just to survive from one
day to another, new settlements in this
new land began to put aside a specific
section of land and specific commitment
of time on a personal basis for the building and the maintenance of schools. This
commitment to education, part of our
Nation's heritage, is something that we've
honored in times of strife as well as in
times of peace.
It was Abraham Lincoln who said that
education is the most important subject
in which we, as a nation, can be engaged.
It was Abraham Lincoln who, in the very
midst of the Civil War, signed the landgrant college act. It was Franklin Roose
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velt who, in the climactic days of World
War II, signed the GI bill. It was Dwight
Eisenhower who, in the difficult and somewhat embarrassing months following the
Soviet launching of the first Sputnik,
signed the national defense education act.
It was Lyndon Johnson who, in a time of
great social unrest, signed the landmark
elementary and secondary education acts.
In each period of our history, new opportunities have accompanied new challenges, and in each period we saw the
vital role of education in realizing these
new and great opportunities. In the last
century, Americans knew that the opening of the West could bring the development of a new agriculture. In the 1940's,
Americans decided that those who shared
the risks of battle could share in the responsibilities and the opportunities of a
college education after the war was over.
In the 1950's, Americans saw the challenge of Soviet technology and rose to
that challenge with a major new commitment to the natural sciences. And in the
1960's, Americans faced the great challenge of long-overdue social change and
the end of racial discrimination, and we
resolved to meet that challenge with a
dramatic new commitment to the educationally disadvantaged.
Time and again, our investment in education has paid rich dividends. It is no
coincidence that the same nation that set
aside land and other resources for education in the first days should one day set
the living standard for the world; that
devoted itself to science which would one
day lead the world's scientific and technological explosion; that constructed the
land-grant college system a century ago
is now today the breadbasket of the entire
world; the nation that set the world standard for free public education, while
protecting educational diversity in the private schools, would set the world standard
for democratic government as well; and
that a nation that knows the importance
of education from all of these facts and
all these experiences should one day
finally form a Department of Education.
Finally, it's also no coincidence that
those who argue that the solutions to our
Nation's problems are obvious, that ovr
Nation's challenges lend themselves to
simple solutions and simplistic approaches, should be the same people who
opposed the establishment of this new
Department.
Most Americans know the value of
education, not just in triggering economic
and social progress, as important as they
are, but in strengthening democracy and
freedom. Education does more than add
to the skills of the labor force or to the
gross national product. Its contribution is
more basic than that. Education is the
way that our society regenerates itself,
the way it actually recreates itself. In the
words of Thomas Jefferson, it's the very
"engine" of our democratic government.
Without education, democratic society
would be inconceivable.
Sometimes we do place too heavy a burden on our schools. But the fact remains
that the schools are where society can
speak to itself. The schools are the place
where American people take new strength
from the American past, from the whole
common experience of mankind. The
schools are the place where Americans
develop the intellectual and moral force
to face the future, no matter how forbidding or how uncertain that future
might be.
Our country constantly faces new
challenges; we face them today. We are
on the cutting edge of change; we are on
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May 7
the cutting edge of progress. If we are to
prevail against these challenges, we need
a deep and enduring commitment, a new
commitment, to education in America.
The new Department of Education can
be the catalyst for this new commitment.
It will make education programs more
responsive. It will make those who administer and who carry out these programs more accountable to the students
and to our people. And most important of
all, it will heighten attention to education
and the challenges it and we face today.
In exploiting this new opportunity, we
are now only crossing the starting line. We
have a long way to go.
Those of you here today-teachers, administrators, members of school boards,
parents, and others-have fought many
battles on behalf of education in our
country. These battles have been long and
hard. They've been won, not because of
decisions made by a few people here in
Washington, but because millions of
people across this country cared enough
to give of their time, to give of their
energy, and to give of their spirit. That
fight must go on, because what happens in
American education affects the future of
our country itself.
Like it or not, it has been our fortune to
live in a complex and rapidly changing
time. If we are to master these times, we
must face up to the challenges as they
really are. We cannot afford to mislead
ourselves.
Today, let us dedicate ourselves to an
educational system that encourages scientific curiosity, fosters artistic creativity,
supports research, rewards good teaching,
and honors intellectual accomplishment.
By making this commitment, we pass on
a tradition of educational excellence and
equal opportunity which Americans of the
next century will need to make their own
contributions to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in our great country.
It is now my pleasure to introduce the
person who is doing such an excellent job
for me and for education, the first Secretary of Education of the United States of
America, Shirley Hufstedler.
SECRETARY HUFSTEDLER. Hi, Amy, Mr.
President, Mrs. Carter, Members of Congress, members of all of the Cabinet-level
Departments and of the Department of
Education's new family, and friends of
education:
It is a warm and hallowed tradition in
American families to set another place at
the table to welcome into the family circle
an honored guest. Today, Mr. President,
you act in that tradition by setting another
place at the Cabinet table by welcoming
education, the Nation's most important
enterprise, to full Cabinet status.
And today, it is my pleasure, on behalf
of millions of students, teachers, parents,
and friends of education, to say in return,
thank you, Mr. President. Your persistence in advocating a new department and
your success in achieving it will surely be
remembered by Americans as signal
achievements of your leadership. I believe
that they will stand the test of time as key
contributions to a more civilized society.
In a few moments, Amy will unfurl the
new flag of the Education Department.
Amy, we chose you for one of many reasons, and you are a very special person to
us this day. This great house, the home of
America's first family, has known the
laughter of many children of all ages. As
we have watched you grow up here, you
are a welcome reminder to us not only of
those earlier White House children but of
all the children in America. It is to those
children, to their education, and to their
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futures that the new Department is dedicated. So, we have asked you to stand in
for them today and to unfurl the flag on
their behalf.
On that flag, as you will soon see, there
is an oak tree, the living symbol of strength
and of shelter. Beneath the tree is an
acorn, which represents the seed of knowledge and the never-ending renewal of life
and learning. In the background, you will
see the Sun's rays, symbolic of the light of
learning, as they illuminate a brilliant blue
sky. We could, of course, easily have
picked other symbols for education. With
a concept of such power and subtlety,
there are many, many possibilities.
On the posters you will receive todayand you have smaller editions of the magnificent poster in back of me-we have
Joseph Albers' painting "Glow," giving
striking visual expression to the idea that
learning never ends. It also suggests the
diffusion of light and knowledge, a ripple
effect that I hope will approximate the
role of the new Department.
So, the symbols of this flag and on our
departmental seal-we did not have a lack
of alternatives. We chose these symbols
because of their own natural strength and
simplicity and for the insights they offer
into the role of education in this country.
Thus, the acorn should serve as a reminder that education begins with the
very youngest among us, with children.
And perhaps the tree will remind us of the
immense, unknowable potential that is
locked within every child and remind us,
too, that our responsibility as educators is
to help each individual achieve the fullest
possible expression of that potential.
In the same way, I hope that the sight
of this flag will recall to mind the gentle
poetic lesson on natural limits that Joyce
Kilmer taught many of us as children. It
is a lesson with many applications in
the adult world of education and of
government.
None of us can really educate a child
any more than we can make a tree. A
child's education is a natural process of
growth and interaction, which begins at
home first, with his family. As the process
continues, the child moves out into the
community, progressing from school to
school, coming in contact with an everwidening circle of people and ideas. Each
new experience builds on those that went
before and lays foundations for those to
come. The process continues long after
school days are over. Learning truly
never ends.
Today we celebrate the beginning of a
Department of Education that must find
its own supportive role within the natural
ongoing process of learning. In the Department, we are not only ready to begin,
we are very anxious to do so. If you would
like to have a symbol of our enthusiasm
for the task, look at the exuberant rays
of the Sun on our flag.
Mr. President, we are determined to
build a Department of Education of
which you will be proud. It will be a department that strives unceasingly for the
highest possible quality at every level of
the educational process, a department
that seeks out models of success and of
excellence and holds them aloft for everyone to see.
It will be a department that understands the 200-year success story of American education and knows that while
Federal structures may come and go, the
homes and communities of the Nation will
continue to be the front line of education.
It will be a department that sees its role
as a helping, supportive friend of education, as a simplifier and streamliner of
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May 7
regulations and paperwork, and not as the
holder of an unlimited Federal purse and
not as a power beyond the reach of local
decisions.
It will be a department responsive to
all and owned by none, a department
unequivocally committed to educational
opportunity under the law, a department
secure in the knowledge that the people,
the parents, and the teachers of America
are our most vital educational resources.
It will be, in short, a new national
voice for every person in this country who
participates in or who cares about the
whole process of learning. And that voice
will not be silent. We will encourage our
Federal citizens to ask themselves insistently, again and again, a question phrased
by someone on this platform: "Why not
the best?"
In your proclamation marking this day,
Mr. President, you take note of the deep
and abiding faith that we Americans have
always had in the power of education.
Some would question that faith today.
Some would consider it quaint and naive.
But I would answer that there are far
worse things to believe in, far worse enterprise in which to place our trust. Faith
in education, after all, is faith in the power
and integrity of ideas, faith in the value
and majesty of human knowledge. And
anyone who doubts these things has never
seen the face of a child at that magic
moment of discovery. The bright Sun on
our flag is but a very pale reflection of
the inner light that shines in that face.
And now, ladies and gentlemen, let us
have the pleasure of seeing Amy Carter
unveil the flag for the Department.
THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to ask all those
who have ever been schoolteachers in your
life to raise your hand. I think that's
beautiful. And I'd also like for all those
who will be serving the new Department
of Education to either stand, if you're
seated, or raise your hand, if you're already standing. Very fine.
I particularly want to recognize the
Members of Congress here. This bill
would never have passed had it not been
for Jack Brooks, Frank Thompson [Horton],1 Father Drinan, and others. Would
you please stand and let the group recognize you.
It's a wonderful day for our country.
I'm particularly grateful that Shirley
Hufstedler would take this position. She'll
be an inspiration to all. I know she'll do
a fine job for all Americans who look to
her for leadership.
Thank you. And now we have some
beautiful singing next on our program.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:05 p.m. on
the South Lawn of the White House.
Department of Education
Remarks at a Ceremony Marking the
Inauguration of the Department.
May 7, 1980
To have a successful event like this,
it's very important that each person do the
job assigned and that no one defaults on
that commitment. Secretary Shirley Hufstedler said to me, "Mr. President, I will
arrange a beautiful program. I'd like for
you to be responsible for the weather,
please." [Laughter] "And I particularly
want you to get the program started on
time." [Laughter] 2
1 White House correction.
2 Because of rain, the program could not be
held on the South Lawn of the White House as
planned.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
It's an exciting day for me and for all
those who believe in better education for
our country and realize what knowledge
and education can mean to us.
It's surprising-as I look back 352 years
ago, I was writing an inaugural speech,
and I read all the inaugural speeches that
had been made by the 38 other Presidents
who've served before me. The change
that's attached to different aspects of
American life in that time is remarkable.
It would be unlikely now, if we were
writing the original documents on which
our Nation was founded, for us to emphasize so much one word: life and liberty,
yes; but the pursuit of happiness-I'm not
sure that we would attach that in our
basic documents as one of the three most
important commitments of the American
people; maybe life, liberty, and a national
energy policy, or-[laughter]-life and
liberty and a comprehensive approach to
better transportation in our urban centers-[laughter]-but life and liberty and
the pursuit of happiness.
I think it's a delightful thing for us to
remember that this is what our Founding
Fathers expected for us in this great country. George Washington, in the first State
of the Union message ever given, said this
about education: "Knowledge is, in every
country, the surest basis for public happiness." And Thomas Jefferson spoke with
equal force on the subject of education
when he said, "No more sure foundation
can be devised for the preservation of freedom and happiness." Both Washington,
our first President, and Thomas Jefferson,
who perhaps was the most intellectually
gifted of all, recognized that education can
mean happiness, not just to an individual
but also to a nation.
This evening we have a happy experi
ence as we celebrate a milestone: the formation of the Department of Education.
For the first time, education will be assigned the same stature, with a voice in
the councils of our Government, as every
other aspect of American life. This is the
elevation, by the Congress and by the
President, of education to the status that
it has always enjoyed among American
people.
Education is not only the soundest
foundation for economic and technological advancement but of democracy and
the quality of life itself. No democratic
society could possibly survive which did
not permit its people to share broad commitments, a penetrating analysis of the
past, knowledge of others around the
Earth, common principles and goals and
ideals and ethics, an analysis of problems
that we face, and an intelligent analysis
of a solution of those problems.
There is no doubt that in this audience
every single person could think back on
one's educational experience from kindergarten, perhaps through college, and
single out one-maybe more-teacher or
person who has meant most in our own
life in education. In some cases, the particular person just came along at the right
time-perhaps when we were discouraged
and didn't know what our life's meaning
was or when we were faced with a crisis,
were uncertain about the future, didn't
get along with our peers, had lost a vision
of what a human being could be-and
provided an extra incentive, maybe based
on love, maybe based on outstanding
scholarship, maybe based on an admirable career, that inspired us at the right
time to utilize the talent that might otherwise have gone wasted. Most often, the
person would have been a professional
teacher, but as you'll see this evening,
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 8
sometimes it could be someone else, not a
teacher.
Tonight we will celebrate achievement,
not in my life or those in the audience,
but among eminent people in this country,
who will come to this stage, all of whom
have excelled in their own special way,
all of whom will have left their mark on
our time. And tonight our purpose will be
not to celebrate their achievement or their
victory in life, but to acknowledge a special person who's helped them with this
great achievement in their lives.
Each distinguished American who will
come to this stage will have been asked the
same question: "Will you come to Washington and pay tribute to that one teacher
or person who has most influenced your
own life? Then each of these performers
will introduce that person to us and tell us
something about that strange interrelationship between two human beings that
can transform a life for the better. Some
of the teachers are here themselves to
receive from their illustrious students and
from the Nation, through this program,
the recognition that they deserve and the
gratitude which they deserve.
But our goal is not just to honor these
few chosen tonight but to honor all those
like them throughout our country who
are deserving of special recognition, at
least by one person and quite often by
dozens or even thousands more, who are
quietly preparing our Nation for an even
greater future. Teachers have a special
place in life, particularly in a democratic
life, where each human being is important, where the development of individual
talents is the root of our strength and our
future achievement as a nation.
And as President, I want to add my
voice, in advance, to congratulate those
who have been chosen tonight by out
standing Americans, who will bring us a
delightful program.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 8:57 p.m. at
Constitution Hall. Following the program, the
President and Mrs. Carter hosted a reception
on the State Floor at the White House.
Fiscal Year 1981 Budget
Statement on a Resolution Adopted by the
House of Representatives. May 7,1980
I applaud the action of the House in
adopting a first budget resolution that
moves the fiscal year 1981 budget into
balance. The House leadership and
Budget Committee Chairman Bob Giaimo
deserve particular thanks for their hard
work on this difficult issue.
While I would have preferred passage of the Obey amendment in order to
provide needed transitional financial assistance to our urban areas, today's action
by the House reflects support for the administration's determination to balance
the budget. The House has joined solidly
in our effort to lower the rate of inflation,
strengthen the economy, and improve the
well-being of all our people. I hope the
Senate will exercise the same necessary
restraint.
Labor Council for Latin
American Advancement
Remarks at a White House Reception.
May 8, 1980
It's always good for us to have guests
come here to the White House, and particularly those among you who have made
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
such a tremendous contribution to the
growing strength of our country.
As you know, we are a nation that has
the fourth largest population of Spanishspeaking people on Earth. And the
strength that has been given to our country
by some newcomers and some of the very
first settlers of our Nation who speak
Spanish is indeed inspirational to a President or anyone who lives in this house.
It's also important to our Nation when
working people organize for a better life,
not only for Latin American advancement, as your Labor Council has done,
but for the advancement of all Americans.
We are now going through a transition phase, where a narrowly focused commitment for a small group of Americansrapidly growing, but small group-is being expended and expanded by you to
cover the aspects of life for all Americans
who live in our great country. Your leadership is an inspiration; it's been effective.
And the opening up of a strong voice for
the Spanish-speaking people of our country has indeed been impressed very vividly on the minds of all those who seek
public office in our country.
So, I want to extend to you una muy
calurosa bienvenida [a very warm welcome]. As they say in all Spanish-speaking
countries, this is your house; literally, it
is a house that belongs to all Americans.
And I'm very grateful that you've come
here this afternoon.
I'm deeply familiar with the problems
that you face and the problems faced by
others in minority groups who have suffered too long in this country from discrimination, the exclusion from full
participation in the opportunities of
American life. Your commitment to your
own cause, the strength of your organization, the sacrificial service of many of your
members, and the accuracy with which
you express both the deprivations and the
opportunities are transforming, quite
rapidly, opportunities for those for whom
you speak.
The American labor movement is
strong. Its strength is enhanced by you.
And when we formed the labor accord,
not only to deal with inflation from a
wage settlement standpoint but to outline the principles on which our Government would deal with rapidly changing
circumstances, your voice was and is and
will be included to a major degree.
Since LCLAA was established, I believe
in 1973, you have grown by leaps and
bounds; now organizations, I understand,
in 22 different States. You've made great
strides in voter registration. You've made
great strides in employment opportunities. You've made great strides in getting
out the vote on election day, and you've
also made great strides in educating those
who might go to the polls to shape the
future policies of our Government.
I've been very pleased that we fought
together in protecting Davis-Bacon Acts
and putting forward the concept of labor
law reform. We have fought those battles together. Those victories which we
have not yet won are still waiting for us
to win, and we will not give up until the
victories are complete.
Yesterday we inaugurated, as you know,
a new Department of Education. You
helped with this effort. And when the
Secretary of Education and my wife made
one visit to a school together yesterday,
they chose, not coincidentally, a school
that specializes in bilingual education. The
Secretary of Education speaks a little better Spanish than my wife. [Laughter] My
wife speaks a lot better Spanish than I
do. [Laughter] But the fact that all of us
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 8
are tempted to learn your and my language is significant, indeed, in the shape
of American life in the years ahead.
The preparation and training of young
Americans to lead a productive life is a
responsibility that you're carrying out very
well. We've made good progress in this
effort. We've increased Federal funding
for education of the young, in just a short
3-year period, by more than 70 percent,
largely to teach basic skills to those who
have, in the past, lacked those skills and
to provide opportunities for the attendance in college of students whose parents
did not have that opportunity.
We've tried to help young people get
jobs, and we have opened up the opportunities not only to young people but to
adults. There has been a tremendous benefit for Spanish-speaking Americans among
the 9 million jobs that have been added
to American society in the last 3 years. As
a matter of fact, the rate of increase of
employment among Spanish-speaking
Americans has been twice that of average
Americans, of the average of the whole
population. A lot of that is not because
of the extra-good job that you and I have
done, but because we had so far to go at
the beginning to correct longstanding discrimination.
We're trying to break down not only
the barriers of poverty and a lack of education but also the barriers of language.
I think the new census effort has been
shaped, to a major degree, by the concerns expressed by you to me through
spokesmen who serve on a full-time basis
in the White House. In the past, every
10 years we have not made an adequate
attempt to count those families and those
citizens in our country who happen to
speak a language other than English. This
year, primarily because of the emphasis by
Spanish-speaking Americans, that discrimination has been eliminated for all
those whose primary language is other
than English.
We have, also, an opportunity in the
future to probe for better chances in housing, transportation, health, the alleviation
of the afflictions of disabilities-physical
disabilities, mental disabilities-for those
who speak Spanish. Those who are fortunate enough to belong to a highly organized labor union, as are most of you, have
a special privilege, yes; but also a special opportunity and responsibility to
speak for those who've not yet been protected by a well-organized and highly
motivated group. You've met this responsibility well, and I know you'll continue to
do this in the future.
All the progress that we have made in
giving a better economic life to Americans
has been threatened lately by the extremely high rate of inflation. Almost exactly 2 months ago, in this very room, I
laid out for the Nation an anti-inflation
program. We've had extraordinary progress since that time. Interest rates are
now falling at the most rapid rate in the
history of our country, and I have no
doubt that in the next few weeks, perhaps in the summer, we'll have substantial evidence that the inflation rate is also
dropping quite rapidly. This will help to
rejuvenate the homebuilding industry
and other industries so heavily dependent
on loans for the financing of purchases
and for the financing of inventories in
small businesses, on the farms, and in
construction.
Our efforts have also been sharply
focused on the major cause of inflation
on a worldwide basis, and that is the excessive dependence on imported oil. This
year we'll import about $90 billion worth
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
of oil, equivalent to $400 for every man,
woman, and child who lives in the United
States. That's money we're sending overseas to foreign countries. And along with
the oil, we import inflation and unemployment. And of course, this money could
well be spent here to build schools, to build
homes, to give us better health, better
education, and to provide new jobs in
industry.
The last thing I'd like to say is this:
We are trying to protect the most vulnerable, but we need to do everything we can
to let those vulnerable people be able,
in the future, to protect themselves. We
want to eliminate dependence on the
Government as much as possible among
those who are mentally and physically
able to support themselves; to let them be
leaders in the future, not followers; to
let them shape the policy of our country
at the initiation of new programs, not
try to repair damage when programs are
ill advised and not shaped for their benefits in the initial stages.
We need to continue with economic
justice and also with social justice. And
I think there is no doubt that the greater
participation we have from the Latin
American community, in its breadth and
its great diversity, the better our Nation
will be in the future.
This is a nation of immigrants; this
is a nation of refugees. We have a great
additional strength, not a weakness, because we have close ties to families and
friends, to history and to heritage, to customs and the language in other nations.
There is not another nation on Earth
which does not have representatives of it
living in our country-a dynamic part of
a strong united America. This is a source
of great pride to me, and I know it's a
source of great pride to you.
We face difficult tasks in our country,
difficult challenges, difficult problems.
The unwarranted example of international terrorism in Iran, when innocent
Americans have been captured and held
imprisoned now for 6 months, is a travesty
and a violation of international law and
human decency. We cannot rest until all
those Americans are restored to freedom
and can come home to be with their own
families.
Along with all other Americans, I was
sick in my heart that the rescue mission
did not succeed. I'm proud that it was
attempted, but I deeply regret its failure
and the loss of life of eight heroic Americans. Friday we will have a ceremony for
them at Arlington Cemetery, and I'll be
joined with their families there. And I'll
express, on behalf of the American people,
my admiration for their bravery and my
appreciation for their willingness to offer
their lives for the principles on which our
Nation was founded and for the freedom
of their fellow Americans.
My first responsibility as a President is
to guarantee the security of our country.
That security can only be guaranteed
permanently if we are strong. We are
the strongest nation on Earth, and we will
remain the strongest nation on Earth.
And that strength is derived from the
commitment and the courage of individual American citizens, whose origins were
from all nations on Earth, who have come
here to combine our hearts and our lives
in a commitment to not only strength
militarily but economic and social
strength, to justice, to human rights, and
to freedom.
We've got the greatest nation on Earth,
and with your help and your common
commitment, we will be even greater in
the future.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 8
Thank you for being here with me. God
bless every one of you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:35 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
Department of State
Remarks at the Swearing In of Edmund S.
Muskie as Secretary. May 8, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. It's been a long time
since I've seen this much excitement and
happiness and gratitude in this room. And
it's because, when our Nation is faced
with difficult challenges and great opportunities down through history, we've
always had a man to come on the scene
at the right time.
This afternoon Warren Christopher
and I were sitting in the Oval Office going over this day's events. We were talking about the Soviets and their 85,000
troops in Afghanistan. We were talking
about the hostages in Iran. We were talking about the would-be assassins who are
now hiding in the Libyan Embassy and
what to do about them. We were talking
about the flood of people who are coming
here from Cuba and from Haiti seeking
freedom and a better life. We were talking about the sensitive United Nations
Security Council vote this afternoon that
Don McHenry was trying to handle under
difficult circumstances.
We just received a report from Sol
Linowitz, who's coming back from the
Mideast peace negotiations. I had just
finished talking to Pierre Trudeau, the
Prime Minister of Canada, about the
maritime agreement and the fisheries
agreement that Ed's going to now get
through the Senate and have it ratified.
[Laughter]
We were discussing the situation with
Argentina and other nations who may be
tempted to sell additional grain to the
Soviet Union to replace that that we are
not going to sell. We were talking about
the possibility or the difficulty of getting
Latin American nations to join us in the
Olympics boycott. We were talking about
Belgium and the formation of a new government, and how the NATO countries
are facing the difficult question of adhering to their commitment to go ahead with
theater nuclear force.
And Warren Christopher said, "Ed
Muskie is the man, and today is the
time." [Laughter]
As all of you know from your own
family history, this is a nation of immigrants. Ours is a nation of refugees. And
the forging of that diversity in this country under freedom has been the source of
our tremendous unswerving strength.
Ours is a nation that doesn't just endure trials and testing. Ours is a nation
that prevails, that triumphs over diversity, and which almost invariably benefits
and makes progress when the world is
faced with sometimes disconcerting and
uncontrollable change. Ours is a nation
that has been able to meet every test, no
matter how difficult it might have been
or how complex the circumstances,
through unity and the courage of our
people.
And as much as anyone that I know,
this national character of which we are
all so proud is personified by Ed Muskie.
He's a man with a long career of service,
as Governor in the State of Maine, as a
United States Senator representing his beloved State. He's a man of vision. He's a
man of reason. He's a man of conscience.
Because of his diverse background in
politics, he's also a man of great sensi
861
May 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tivity and great knowledge about our
Nation and our people.
We are indeed fortunate to have Ed
Muskie as our new Secretary of State. He
is, in the finest sense of the word, a patriot
who is committed to the preservation of
our Nation's strength and the enhancement of peace throughout the world. I'm
grateful, as President, to have him occupy
the highest position in my Cabinet, and I
know the entire Nation is grateful to him
also, to have him assume this new step in
a notable career of service to his country.
We'll now witness the swearing in of
Senator Ed Muskie as the new Secretary
of State by Judge Coffin.
[At this point, Chief Judge Frank M. Coffin
of the First Circuit administered the oath of
office.]
SECRETARY MUSKIE. Thank you very
much. Thank you, Mr. President. I
neglected to do so the other day. I was
not sure it was appropriate. [Laughter] I
am now certain.
You ought to get the significance of
Frank Coffin performing the ceremony.
Frank Coffin talked me into something I
wasn't sure I wanted to do in 1954 when
he persuaded me to run for the office of
Governor of Maine. It seemed a hopeless
challenge. No one had any idea I could
win, but I did. And so, the appropriateness of recalling that history seemed almost unavoidable here today.
With respect to the assignment which
the President has given me, I am grateful
for it in a personal sense, because I find,
as I look back upon the years I have been
in politics, I've found that growth has
come under the pressure of the greatest
challenges, and I can't imagine a greater
one available to me at this time than the
challenge that the President has placed
in my hands.
Oh, I could deal with it facetiously. I'm
not sure I'm comfortable that you and I
will be making mistakes together, Mr.
President. [Laughter] And then it's sort of
conventional for Members of the Senate
and the House, when they speak of foreign policy, to say that they wish they
could be in on the takeoffs as well as the
landings. [Laughter] I'm not really sure
that they believe that. [Laughter] But in
any case, I now will be, and I hope the
landings are comfortable.
If there is a resource which I bring to
this office and to this challenge, it is the
great good will which, to me, I so unexpectedly have been accorded in my beloved Senate, in the Congress as a whole,
and throughout the country. I'm not entirely sure why, and I'm not inclined to
inquire too closely. But at least I have it.
And I can't think of anything better than
that kind of backup to face the day-to-day
challenges that I will face and that I will
be asked to resolve.
If there is another resource which I
bring to this office, it is that my father,
who came to this country at the turn of
the century, taught me to believe in it and
what it represents and the hope it holds
out for people all around this planet.
I've never lost that faith, which he carried to his grave, incidentally, a year after
I had been elected Governor of my State.
And I can't imagine a man whose dreams
could have been fulfilled more effectively.
And so, I bring that, too.
I bring with me also, as I reminded my
colleagues in the Senate yesterday, the
kind of testing which a man's ideas and
proposals and policies must meet in a body
like the Senate of the United States and
in an institution like the Congress of the
United States. I've served there 22 years,
and if I have been accorded this good
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 8
will-and I have-it is because I have
had to earn it. I'm just surprised that I
have. But in any case, when one considers
the qualifications one ought to bring to
the office of Secretary of State and one
thinks of the challenge of articulating our
people's hopes, our country's policies to
set our direction, surely that's an important qualification. Whether I have ityou will test me in the months ahead.
The second is the quality of accommodating ideas. The one great shortcoming that I find in our political system today is bound up in one word that we lawyers use more than anyone else, and that
is the word "comity," the ability to understand the other fellow's point of view
and the ability to convey one's own point
of view, understanding that one man's
freedom ends where another man's rights
begin. And it is that kind of comity between the elements of our political institutions, between the governors and the governed, between the public sector and the
private sector, that has made this system
workable for all these years.
All of you know that I'm not an expert
in foreign policy, but if foreign policy
means the relationships between governments and countries and peoples which
must be adjusted in some fashion to
minimize the prospect for violence and
maximize the prospects for peace, that
kind of exposure has been my life. I may
not knoxv all the techniques, but I'll learn
them. I may not know all of the diplomacy, and I'm not sure that I want to.
[Laughter]
But I have learned this above all in my
life as a Senator and as a politician: If
you believe in something, speak up. And
that I intend to do. And as I learned in
that great campaign with Hubert Humphrey, if you don't like what I say, you
will find ways to let me know. [Laughter]
But if you believe in what I say, and I have
said it clearly, you will give me and the
President and our administration support.
And that's the way it's got to be.
But there's got to be clarity; there's
got to be certainty; there's got to be a
clear sense of direction; there's got to be
a sharing of values; and there's got to be
an understanding that if one is to accommodate one's views to the world in which
we live, there must be trade-offs, there
must be a balancing of interests. No one
on this planet can have his or her way all
the time, and that's the nature of the legislative process.
Well, I'm threatening, Mr. President, to
mount a filibuster, and perhaps that's one
Nay to delay my exposure to the problems
which we have. [Laughter] But if you
think that your list of problems was formidable, you ought to listen to Bob Byrd
when he has a leadership meeting in the
Senate. [Laughter] And one of the
things that makes your list of problems attractive to me is the knowledge that I've
left a very unpleasant list of problems behind me in the Senate. [Laughter]
So with that, may I, through you and
the media, express my deep gratitude, for
myself and my family, for this great opportunity that you're giving us. No opportunity has ever been greater than that of
service. The first speech I made, in 1954,
in the campaign undertaken to build a
competitve Democratic Party and hopefully to win an election, I said this: that
the success of a political party is not an
end in itself, it is simply a means of service,
to our State and to our country.
And I say the same about this kind of an
appointment. I'm going to relish it, not
because it's going to be fun, but because
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May 8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
it's going to be stimulating and potentially
productive of good fruit for all of us.
And may I close with just this last word.
1 enter upon this challenge with hope and
optimism. Thank you all and God bless
you.
We have now created a triumvirate.
We've brought the Good Lord in on it.
THE PRESIDENT. Ed and Jane will be
outside, and they'd like very much to let
you know how much they appreciate your
being here.
Thank you.
NOTE: The President spoke at 7:11 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House.
American Servicemen Killed
in Iran
Eulogy at the National Memorial Service.
May 9, 1980
It's difficult not to say "amen."
We come here today to honor eight
courageous men and to share in some
small way the burden of the grief of their
loved ones. When I approached the meeting, shortly before this ceremony began,
with the families of those who have lost
their lives, I did it with some degree of
concern and trepidation. But as I approached them, every one, and we put our
arms around each other, invariably they
said, "God bless you, Mr. President. We
are proud, Mr. President," and either
Richard or Harold or Lynn or Charles or
Joel or John or Dewey or George were
"honored to serve their country."
But even for those of us who know that
God has a purpose for each human life,
it's hard to accept the loss of these brave
young men in the very peak of their life
and their career. Yet we know that it is
not the length of a life that determines
its impact or its meaning or its quality,
but the depth of its commitment and the
height of its purpose.
They came from California, Connecticut, Tennessee, Arkansas, Florida, Virginia; two were Georgians, from Dublin
and Valdosta.
They did not ask for recognition. They
only asked for an opportunity to serve,
often at a sacrifice and under very difficult conditions, far from the people they
loved and often very distant from the very
civilization which they were sworn and
committed to protect. They chose a life of
military service at a time when it offered
very little glory in their land, when their
award had to come from knowing that
they had done a necessary and a dangerous
job and done it well.
They volunteered for this mission knowing its importance, and they also knew its
risks. They did so not because they cared
too little for life-they wanted to live it
out to a full old age-but they did it because they cared so much for the lives of
our hostages and for the right of our people to enjoy the freedom for which this
Nation was formed.
It's fitting that we should remember
them here in this place where Americans
have long paid tribute to those who died
for our country-those who were known
and honored, those who were unknown;
those who lie in unmarked graves, even
across the sea, and those who are buried
here. This very land once belonged to
General Robert E. Lee. Like these eight
men, he was a soldier whose affection for
his home and family called him to a life
of service that often meant hardship,
loneliness, and long separation from those
he loved and even from the Nation which
he most loved.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
Robert E. Lee lived by the words that
he wrote to his own son: "Duty is the
sublimest word in our langauge. Do your
duty in all things. You cannot do more.
You should never wish to do less." The
airmen and marines we are honoring
today demonstrated by their lives and
finally by their- deaths that they understood and subscribed to that austere and
honorable creed.
The strength of our Nation has always
lain in the ability of individual Americans
to do what we must, each of us, each day,
whatever our particular duty is. For the
men we honor today, duty required both
daring and quiet courage. They were willing to face the relentless desert and the
angry mobs, if necessary, to free fellow
Americans who can be accused of doing
nothing more than their own duty in a
hostile place.
We stand here today, surrounded by the
graves of succeeding generations of Americans who performed their duty in the unending struggle to preserve our peace and
our freedom. Like those who've gone before, these young men died to keep that
ancient dream of human liberty alive. If
we are to honor our dead, we must do it
with our own lives. We must defend that
same dream with all the strength and all
the wisdom and all the courage that we
can muster.
I speak for all Americans when I say to
those who anonymously risk their lives
each day to keep the peace and to maintain our military strength, and to the
loved ones of those who died on the Iranian desert: Your risk, your suffering, your
loss, are not in vain. I fervently pray that
those who are still held hostage will be
freed without more bloodshed, that all
those who would use terror to impel in
nocent people will see the cruel futility of
their criminal acts.
To the families of the eight who died
and to those who were injured, I extend
the heartfelt sympathy of a proud and a
grateful nation. Every American feels
your loss. Every American shares your
rightful pride in the valor and the dedication to duty of those who died in that
dark desert night. Of such men as yours
was our beloved country made, and of
them is our beloved country preserved in
freedom.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:59 a.m. in
the Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington National Cemetery.
Food Aid Convention, 1980
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Convention. May 9, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for Senate advice
and consent to ratification, the Food Aid
Convention, 1980, adopted by a conference of Governments at London on March
6, 1980, and open for signature in Washington from March 1 1 through April 30,
1980. The report of the Department of
State is enclosed for the information of the
Senate in connection with its consideration of the Convention.
The Convention replaces the Food Aid
Convention, 1971, and together with the
Wheat Trade Convention, 1971, constitutes the International Wheat Agreement.
The new Convention commits an increased number of members to provide
greater minimum annual quantities of
food aid to developing countries. The
United States commitment is 4,470,000
metric tons, as compared wvith a commitment of 1,890,000 metric tons under the
865
May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1971 Convention. Either amount is well
within the limits provided for by the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, P.L. 480, at least
through FY 1980. Implementing legislation is therefore unnecessary unless the
FY 1981 P.L. 480 budget proves insufficient. The Convention also provides for
the consideration of increased food aid
during a period of production shortfall in
developing countries. However, increased
food aid contributions by members would
be voluntary, not mandatory.
The Convention will enter into force on
July 1, 1980, if by June 30, 1980, the 11
members referred to in Article III have
accepted it in accordance with its terms. It
will remain in force for one year, provided
that the Wheat Trade Convention, 1971,
or a new convention replacing it, remains
in force for that period. If the Wheat
Trade Convention is extended, this Convention may be similarly extended.
I hope that the Senate will give early
and favorable consideration to the Food
Aid Convention, 1980, so that ratification by the United States can be effected
at an early date. Doing so will demonstrate
our continued commitment to providing
food aid to needy developing nations.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 9, 1980.
United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency
Nomination of George William Ashworth To
Be an Assistant Director. May 9, 1980
The President today announced that he
will nominate George William Ashworth,
of Oakton, Va., to be an Assistant Director
of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA). He would replace
Barry Blechman, resigned.
Ashworth has been Counselor and
Chairman of the External Research Council at ACDA since 1979.
He was born March 28, 1938, in Washington, D.C. He received a B.A. from
Washington and Lee University in 1960.
From 1963 to 1967, Ashworth was with
the Richmond Times-Dispatch as a reporter and copy editor. He was defense
correspondent for the Christian Science
Monitor from 1967 to 1972 and in 1969
was chief of their Saigon bureau. From
1972 to 1979, Ashworth was on the staff of
the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
United States Court of Customs
and Patent Appeals
Nomination of Helen Wilson Nies To Be an
Associate Judge. May 9, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Helen Wilson Nies, of
Washington, D.C., to be an Associate
Judge of the U.S. Court of Customs and
Patent Appeals. She would replace the
late Donald E. Lane.
Nies has been with the Washington firm
of Howrey & Simon since 1978.
She was born August 7, 1925, in Birmingham, Ala. She received a B.A. (1946)
and LL.B. (1948) from the University
of Michigan.
From 1948 to 1951, she was with the
Justice Department, and in 1951 she was
with the Office of Price Stabilization.
From 1961 to 1978, she was with the firm
of Woodson, Pattishall & Garner.
866
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
Convention on the Physical
Protection of Nuclear Material
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Convention. May 9,1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I submit herewith, for Senate advice
and consent to ratification, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material. This Convention was adopted
at a Vienna meeting of government representatives on October 26, 1979, and was
signed by the United States on March 3,
1980. The Convention establishes an international framework for improving the
physical protection of nuclear material
during international transport as well as
for international cooperation in recovering stolen nuclear material and in responding to serious offenses involving
nuclear material.
The United States has been a leader in
the international campaign to prevent the
proliferation of nuclear explosive devices.
The Congress and I have cooperated in
enacting the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Act of 1978 to strengthen this critically
important effort.
The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material was a United
States initiative called for by that Act. It
complements our non-proliferation efforts
by dealing with threats to nuclear material that may arise from terrorist groups.
This is a gap in the current international
structure, and I urge the Senate to act
expeditiously in giving its advice and consent to ratification. I also transmit herewith, for the information of the Senate,
the report of the Department of State concerning the Convention.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 9, 1980.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Address Before the World Affairs Council of
Philadelphia. May 9, 1980
Chairman Yarnall and President Bodine,
Members of Congress, ladies and gentlemen:
I'm indeed grateful and pleased to be
here with you today. I want to thank the
Navy Band for the music. When John
Kennedy was asked what his favorite musical composition was, he said, "Well, I
think 'Hail to the Chief' is right up near
the top." [Laughter]
As has just been said, it is appropriate
for Philadelphia to be the city of a discussion like this, of the foreign policy of
our Nation by the President of our country, because you are the city where our
Nation was born. The past is with us very
vividly here, and to discuss the future of
our foreign policy is indeed appropriate.
It's also a special pleasure for me to
appear before the World Affairs Council
of Philadelphia. I know the good work
you have done to help make Philadelphia
truly an international city and to fulfill
the motto of your organization: "In a
democracy, agreement is not essential;
participation is." I would add that informed understanding is also essential,
and I would also add that agreement is
very pleasant when it occurs.
For the past 6 months, all of our policies abroad have been conducted in the
glare of two crises: the holding of American hostages in Iran and the brutal invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. In meeting these crises our tactics
must change with changing circumstances. But our goals will not change and
have not wavered.
We will not rest until our fellow Americans held captive in Iran-against every
867
May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tenet of law and decency-are safe and
home free.
Along with other nations who have condemned Soviet aggression, we will continue to impose economic and political
costs on the Soviet Union until it withdraws its armed forces and restores the
independence of Afghanistan.
These two crises underline the reality
that our world is indeed a dangerous
place, but what I want to emphasize today is that amid the crises of the moment,
no matter how profoundly significant they
are, the fundamentals of American foreign policy are being carried forward with
consistency, with strength, and with determination.
The central reality that confronts
America today is that of a complex world,
a world that is turbulent because it is
politically awakened in its entire breadth
for the first time in its collective history.
Our world is one of conflicting hopes,
ideologies, and powers. It's a revolutionary world which requires confident, stable, and powerful American leadershipand that's what it is getting and that's
what it will continue to get-to shift the
trend of history away from the specter of
fragmentation and toward the promise of
genuinely global cooperation and peace.
So, we must strive in our foreign policy
to blend commitment to high ideals with
a sober calculation of our own national
interests.
Unchanging American ideals are relevant to this troubling area of foreign policy and to this troubled era in which we
live. Our society has always stood for
political freedom. We have always fought
for social justice, and we have always recognized the necessity for pluralism. Those
values of ours have a real meaning, not
just in the past, 200 years ago or 20 years
ago, but now, in a world that is no longer
dominated by colonial empires and that
demands a more equitable distribution of
political and economic power.
But in this age of revolutionary change,
the opportunities for violence and for conflict have also grown. American power
must be strong enough to deal with that
danger and to promote our ideals and to
defend our national interests. That's why
the foreign policy which we've shaped
over the last 3 years must be based simultaneously on the primacy of certain basic
moral principles-principles founded on
the enhancement of human rights-and
on the preservation of an American military strength that is second to none. This
fusion of principle and power is the only
way to ensure global stability and peace
while we accommodate to the inevitable
and necessary reality of global change and
progress.
The complexity of interrelated and
sometimes disturbing events and circumstances requires that we in America increase the degree of public understanding
of our foreign policy and public support
for it. It is extremely complicated. It is
rapidly changing in its tactical confrontations on a day-by-day basis, and the degree
in a democracy with which Americans do
understand these complex issues is a prerequisite for success. Foreign policy no
longer has a single or a simple focus, such
as defeating Nazi aggression or repelling
a monolithic Stalinist threat. Instead,
Americans must be mature enough to recognize that we need to be strong and we
need to be accommodating at the same
time. We need to protect our own interests vigorously while finding honorable
ways to accommodate those new claimants to economic and political power
which they have not had in the past.
868
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
There are two obvious preconditions
for an effective American foreign policy:
a strong national economy and a strong
national defense. That's why I placed the
highest priority on the development of a
national energy policy, which our country
has never had. That's why we must win
the struggle against inflation-and I've
been very pleased lately at the trend in
interest rates and the good news we had
this morning on the Producer Price Index.
The Congress and I are moving resolutely
toward this goal; in fact, every single
American is involved. This common effort to deal with a worldwide economic
challenge does require some sacrifice, and
I'm determined that the sacrifice will be
fairly shared.
The response of our democracy to economic challenges will determine whether
we will be able to manage the challenge
of other global responsibilities in the 1980's
and beyond. If we cannot meet these international economic problems successfully, then our ability to meet military and
political and diplomatic challenges will be
doubtful indeed. Although it will not be
easy, the innate advantages of our Nation's natural bounty which God has given
us and the common commitment of a free
people who comprise American society
give us the assurance of success.
We must also be militarily strong. The
fact is that for 15 years the Soviet Union
has been expanding its military capabilities far out of proportion to its needs for
defense-a 4- or 5-percent real growth
above the inflation rate compounded annually for 15 years has caused us some
concern. For much of this same period,
our spending for defense had been going
down. If these adverse trends had continued, we would have found ourselves
facing a severe military imbalance, an im
balance all the more threatening because
of mounting global turbulence. That's
why I have launched a broad modernization of our strategic and conventional
forces and worked to strengthen our alliances. We and our allies have pledged
ourselves to sustained, real annual increases in our defense spending.
Our task is to build together a truly
cooperative global community, to compose
a kind of global mosaic which embraces
the wealth and diversity of the Earth's
peoples, cultures, and religions. This will
not be an easy task. The philosophical
basis of such a community must be respect
for human rights as well as respect for the
independence of nations.
In promoting that prospect for a future
of peace, we will stay on the steady course
to which we've been committed now for
the last 3'/2 years. We pursue five major
objectives: first, to enhance not only economic but also political solidarity among
the industrialized democracies; second,
to establish a genuinely cooperative
relationship with the nations of the Third
World; third, to persevere in our efforts
for peace in the Middle East and in other
troubled areas of the world; fourth, to defend our strategic interests, especially
those which are now threatened in Southwest Asia; and fifth, to advance arms control, especially through agreed strategic
arms limitations with the Soviet Union,
and to maintain along with this a firm and
a balanced relationship with the Soviets.
Our first objective, solidarity with our
allies, is the touchstone of our foreign policy. Without such solidarity, the world
economy and international politics may
well degenerate into disorder. This is why
we've led the North Atlantic Alliance in its
program to upgrade its conventional
forces. And last winter, in an historic decision, NATO agreed to strengthen its
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May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
nuclear missiles in Europe in order to respond to a very disturbing Soviet missile
buildup there.
Next month the seven leading industrial
democracies will hold a summit meeting
in Venice. I look forward to being there
with the other six leaders of our most important allies. It's our collective intention
not only to make the summit another
milestone for global economic cooperation
but also to advance our political and our
strategic solidarity.
Second, we will persevere in our efforts
to widen the scope of our cooperation with
the newly awakened nations of the Third
World. By the end of this century, 85 percent of the world's population will be living in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. In
the last several years, through the Panama
Canal treaties, through our commitment
to majority rule in Africa, and through
normalization of relationships with China,
we have vastly improved the relationship
of the United States with these regions.
We can be proud of our accomplishments
in building strong new bridges to the developing world.
The United States respects the desire of
the developing nations for genuine nonalignment, and we respect the nonaligned
movement as the expression of that desire.
Nations which value their own independence are already resisting efforts to subvert
the nonaligned movement and make it a
tool of Soviet foreign policy. Last year's
meeting in Havana was a notable example
of Soviet failure, through their puppet
Castro regime, to convince the other nonaligned countries to be subservient to the
Soviets. The United States is eager to work
with countries who pride themselves on
their independence for the resolution of
conflicts and for the promotion of greater
global social justice.
Third, we'll continue to work for peace
in the Middle East. Such peace is essential to all parties concerned. Israel deserves peace, and Israel needs peace for its
long-term survival. The Arab nations require peace in order to satisfy the legitimate rights of the Palestinians and to ensure that their own social development
can move forward without disruption and
without foreign intrusion. The West, including the United States, must have
peace in the Middle East or run grave
risks that the radicalization of that area
will draw outsiders into its explosive
conflicts.
The Camp David process has already
led to the first peace treaty between Israel
and an Arab state. Of course, Egypt is the
largest and the most important and the
strongest Arab state. We are determined
to reach a comprehensive settlement, and
we will not be diverted from that goal.
Sol Linowitz, our negotiator, is just now
returning from the Middle East. And I
will be meeting with him this weekend to
get a full report from him on progress
made and to determine the steps that our
country will take in the coming weeks to
bring a successful conclusion to this very
difficult effort.
As we continue our efforts in the Middle East, I take pride as well in the contributions that we have also made in other
areas, such as the Panama Canal Treaty
already mentioned and the achievement
of peace and majority rule in Rhodesia,
now Zimbabwe. These are major accomplishments, not only of benefit to the people directly involved but to our national
interest as well. And it may very well be
that in retrospect in years ahead, looking
back on this administration and this time,
that those particular efforts, making new
friends among literally billions of people,
as in China and Africa, this will be rec
870
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
ognized as the most important achievement of our time.
And fourth, and very important: The
West must defend its strategic interests
wherever they are threatened. Since 1945
the United States has been committed to
the defense of our hemisphere and of
Western Europe, and then later of the Far
East, notably Japan and Korea. These
commitments for a common defense are
very valuable to the people involved ini
those other areas, and of course they are
extremely valuable to us as well.
In recent years it's become increasingly
evident that the well-being of those vital
regions and our own country depend on
the peace, stability, and independence of
the Middle East and the Persian Gulf
area. Yet both the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan and the pervasive and progressive political disintegration of Iran put
the security of that region in grave
jeopardy.
I want to reemphasize what I said in my
State of the Union Address on January 23d, and I quote:
"Let our position be absolutely clear:
An attempt by any outside force to gain
control of the Persian Gulf region will be
regarded as an assault on the vital interests
of the United States of America, and such
an assault will be repelled by any means
necessary, including military force."
Peace is what we want. Peace is what we
have maintained. Peace is a prerequisite to
progress. Peace is a policy of our country.
The maintenance of peace must be predicated on adequate American strength
and a recognition of that strength, not
only by our own people and our allies but
by our potential adversaries as well.
We have been provoked in the last few
months. Every action has been designed
to take advantage not of our military
force, which is formidable and unequaled,
but on the benefits of the use of our alliances and on economic, political, and
diplomatic efforts. The steps that we are
taking on our own, and with the cooperation of others, involve complicated measures, considerable expense, and a careful
balance between the collective security
needs of the region involved and its political realities. These political realities,
again, are difficult to understand, extremely complex, and in every instance
rapidly changing. We are making good
progress. We must, and we will, make
more progress.
The necessity of common action in the
Southwest Asian region is dictated not by
any belligerence on the part of peaceloving nations, but by the clear strategic
threat that stems from the Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan. A failure to respond convincingly to that contemptuous act of
aggression would only invite its repetition.
Beyond the violence done to Afghanistan's independence and its people, the
Red Army troops consolidating their hold
there are also taking positions from which
Soviet imperialism could be extended
more deeply and more dangerously in the
politics of this vital area. Afghanistan had
long been a buffer against outsiders seeking to dominate that region. Any quick
examination of a map will convince you
of the truth of that statement. That is the
historic role to which Afghanistan must
be restored.
Soviet success in their invasion of Afghanistan, even at the high cost in blood
and the high cost in respectability which
Moscow is now paying, could turn Afghanistan from a roadblock against aggression into a launching pad for future
incursions. This would threaten Pakistan
and Iran, but not just those nations alone.
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Soviet aggression in Afghanistan, unless
checked, confronts all the world with the
most serious, long-term strategic challenge
since the cold war began. To underestimate the magnitude of that challenge
would constitute an historic error, an
error with probably historic consequences.
America's position is clear. It is consistent, as well, with the interests and with
the commitment of our allies, whose wellbeing, along with our own, is intimately
tied to the security and the independence
of this strategically vital region. We must
therefore work together in meeting the
challenge which we face in common.
Our goal is the withdrawal of Soviet
occupying troops, the neutrality or nonalignment of Afghanistan as a nation, and
the encouragement of the formation
there of a government acceptable to the
Afghan people. Those goals and commitments are clear, they are simple, they're
extremely important, and they are shared
with almost every other people on Earth.
Within this region itself the nations must
also realize that our desires match theirsto cooperate in the preservation of the region's independence, stability, and peace.
Fifth, this administration has been and
remains committed to arms control, especially to strategic arms limitations, and
to maintain a firm and balanced relationship with the Soviet Union. Our resolve
to pursue this goal remains as strong as
ever.
Early this morning I had breakfast with
the new Secretary of State, Ed Muskie,
and with my other close foreign affairs
and defense advisers. We expect later on
this coming week that Ed Muskie will
meet with the Foreign Minister of the
Soviet Union. They will be discussing
these issues, again, in a clear, consistent,
forceful, proper, balanced way. One state
ment that we will make very clearly is
that arms control and strategic arms limitation is of crucial importance to the
United States, to the people of the Soviet
Union, and to all other people on Earth.
The SALT II agreement is a major accomplishment of my administration. It
contributes directly to the security of the
United States, and we intend to abide by
the treaty's terms as long as the Soviet
Union, as observed by us, complies with
those terms as well. Of course, we will
seek its ratification at the earliest opportune time.
The time is also fast approaching when
we must think beyond SALT II, to negotiating wider and more comprehensive
arrangements dealing both with additional categories of strategic nuclear weapons and with weapons of less than intercontinental capability. If the decade of
the 1980's is not to become the decade of
violence, we must make renewed efforts
to stabilize the arms competition and to
widen the scope of arms control arrangements. After close consultation with our
allies and with the Soviet Union we intend to pursue these expanded efforts to
control weapons of all kinds.
Detente with the Soviets remains our
goal, but detente must be built on a firm
foundation of deterrence. The Soviets
must understand that they cannot recklessly threaten world peace. They cannot
commit aggression, and they, in doing
that, must realize that they cannot still
enjoy the benefits of cooperation with the
West, and specifically with us. They must
understand that their invasion of Afghanistan has had a profound adverse effect
on American public attitudes toward the
Soviet Union.
We represent a strong but peaceful nation, and there can be no business as usual
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
in the face of aggession. The Soviets will
not succeed in their constant efforts to divide the Alliance in Europe or to lull us
into a false belief that somehow Europe
can be an island of detente while aggression is carried out elsewhere. But let me be
equally clear that the way to improved
relations is open if the Soviets alter their
conduct. That is the path we prefer.
Together these five objectives that I
have outlined are the compass points that
guide America's course in this world of
change and challenge. They link our specific actions to each other, to the past, and
to the future.
Our foreign policy is designed to be responsive to the revolutionary age in which
we live. To be effective it must have the
wise understanding and the wide support
of the American people. That depends on
public realization that foreign policy is
not a matter of instant success. We must
expect prolonged management of seemingly intractable situations and often contradictory realities. To play our historic
role of protecting our interests and at the
same time preserving the peace, the
United States must be steady and constant. Our commitment to American
ideals must be unchanging, and our power
must be adequate and credible.
While we seek to attain our broad ultimate objectives, we must never lose sight
of immediate human suffering. We've not
forgotten and we will not forget the 53
Americans imprisoned in Iran. Our Nation places a great value on human life
and on human freedom. We will continue to make every effort, using peaceful
means if possible, and through collective
action with our allies, to obtain the release
of our countrymen. And we will remind
the Iranian leaders that the integrity and
the independence of their own country
can onlyc suffer from this policy of theirs
that led to international isolation and also
internal disintegration. We have no permanent quarrel with the Iranian people.
We wish to fashion a relationship of
dignity with them, once this illegal action
has been put behind us.
Our Nation has continued to act responsibly and in good faith toward both
the people and the leaders of Iran. Our
rescue attempt was a mission of mercy, not
a military attack. No Iranian was killed or
harmed in any way. Its only aim was to
rescue innocent victims of terrorist exploitation. I regret only that it did not
succeed and that eight gallant young men
died in the accident as the rescue team
was leaving its desert rendezvous.
This morning I participated in a memorial service for those eight young men.
And before the service I met individually
with every family involved. As I approached them I had some trepidation,
but in every instance they reached their
arms out for me, and we embraced each
other, and I could tell that their concern
was about me, not about them. And they
made comments to me, "God bless you,
Mr. President. We are praying for you,
Mr. President. And we are proud of our
son or our husband, who was willing to
give his life for our country and for
freedom."
Our commitment to a world that represents human rights has been heard by all
people, by free people and also by those
who do not know the meaning of freedom.
The eagerness of large numbers of
Cubans, for instance, to flee their own
country is eloquent testimony to the failure of the totalitarian Castro regime. We
must ensure that the Cubans who arrive in
the United States and the Haitians who
arrive in the United States will be treated
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
with all the humanity and the compassion
which we've extended to other groups and
which we extend to each other.
Every family, probably, in this room
which came to our country came here as
immigrants, sometimes as refugees, and
we should not be callous to those who
come in our present day and age under
the same or even more difficult circumstances. In order to bring an end to the
suffering and the death on the high seas
and to permit us to best allocate scarce
Federal resources, the process of bringing
in these refugees must be orderly, and it
must be in accordance with our laws.
We're working vigorously, yesterday
and today, with 16 nations and with international organizations, at a conference on
refugees in Costa Rica, to develop alternatives that will permit safe and orderly
evacuation of the Cubans who are seeking
to leave. For ourselves, we will give highest priority to family reunification, and we
prefer, of course, prescreening in Cuba or
in a third country, such as Costa Rica. Let
me emphasize again that we treat those
seeking asylum and those who are refugees
from Cuba, from Haiti, and from other
countries, equally, on a case-by-case basis
as is required by American law.
And finally I'd like to say to you that
America's foreign policy must always reflect the kind of people we are. We are a
strong people, we are a caring people. We
care about human rights, we care about
decent living standards, we care about the
independence of nations, and we care
about the rights of individual human beings. We have a sober, responsible recognition that American power is especially
important in a turbulent world where
others depend upon us for their safety and
for their freedom. Our interests and our
ideals serve each other. Our power must
be used in the service of both-interest
and ideals.
The course I have mapped to you today
in this brief outline form is neither simple
nor easy, but it's a sound course, it's a safe
course, which we must pursue.
Our foreign policy deserves your understanding and your support, not only for
our Nation's own security but in order
that people everywhere can be certain of
America's commitment to use its vast
power with a clear, firm, steady purposeto seek for all humankind what we have:
a future of progress, of freedom, and of
peace.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 1:02 p.m. in the
Grand Ballroom at the Fairmont Hotel. In his
opening remarks, the President referred to D.
Robert Yarnall, Jr., chairman of the board of
directors, and William W. Bodine, Jr., president, World Affairs Council of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
at a Townhall Meeting at Temple University.
May 9, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you, Mayor Bill
Green, President Wachman, Members of
Congress, ladies and gentlemen who have
come here for what I hope and believe
will be an exciting session:
I want to say first of all that you've got
a dynamic and aggressive and courageous
young and new mayor who is doing the
courageous thing under difficult circumstances. He is having to face the difficult
issues that fall on the shoulders of a chief
executive, and I'm reminded, flying over
here with some of your own congressional
delegation this morning, that they and I
and your mayor all share a great common
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
responsibility and a partnership, because
we represent the same people, and those
people are you.
Coming here today reminded me of
the great history of Philadelphia-also
the great friendship which you extend to
visitors ever since I was a midshipman at
the Naval Academy, and later as a young
ensign, then as a candidate in 1976, and
coming back here-a beautiful city, dynamic, aggressive, confident about the
future. And I'm extremely thankful that
on my first outing in a number of months
I was able to make a visit to cover three
basic points, all relating to our Nation's
security-international security, energy
security, and economic security.
ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
Not too long ago downtown I spoke
about our international security, how
America's foreign policy must be tied in
with ancient and unchanging principles
of decency and honesty and strength and
regard for human and basic rights, and
also on an ability to accommodate rapidly changing circumstances in a very
complex world. We are doing that well
under difficult circumstances.
Lately we've been preoccupied with the
unwarranted Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the inhuman holding of 53
Americans captive by international terrorists in Iran. We will never rest until
our 53 hostages are free and at home
where they belong and we can show them
how much we love them.
And we are a nation committed to
strength so that we can maintain the
peace.
The second thing that I would like to
mention is energy security. In 1973 we
were shocked in this country when the
OPEC oil cartel proved that they could
raise prices 300 percent overnight and
declare an embargo to keep us from buying adequate oil to keep our Nation
going.
When I became President, it was a
burning issue. And a lot of experts told
me the American people will never realize that we are importing too much oil
and they will never cut back their rapid
increase in the use and, sometimes, waste
of oil and gasoline. That has not been the
case. We now have almost completed a
comprehensive national energy policy.
Last year, we used 5 percent less oil than
we had the year before, and so far this
year, we have imported 1 million barrels
of oil less every day than we did the same
time a year ago. So, we are making good
progress on energy security as well.
And the last thing I want to mention
is economic security. We have really been
afflicted in recent months, along with almost every other nation on Earth, with
extraordinary, high inflation rates and
high interest rates brought about primarily
because of a 150-percent increase in the
price of oil in a 16-month period.
Two months ago-almost exactly-I
announced an anti-inflation program to
restrain consumer spending to some
degree and to exercise discipline at the
Federal Government level. We are already
beginning to see some results of that effort. Interest rates are dropping more
rapidly than they ever have in the history
of our country. I noticed that the largest
savings and loan association in our Nation, in California, dropped its mortgage
interest rates between 4 and 5 percent in
1 day this week. And now those mortgage rates are going down.
We had good news this morning, as
you know, on the Producer Price Indexthe Wholesale Price Index, and that will
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
take away the biggest obstacle to jobs and
employment and ending of the recession
than anything we could possibly do. So,
we're making good progress also, not only
on the international security front, the
energy security front, but also on the economic front. And if we can be resolved
and unified and courageous and recognize frankly that there are no easy or
simple answers and that America has
never failed-never failed to overcome an
obstacle, to solve a problem, to answer a
question in our history, then I have no
doubt that we will solve these problems
in the future.
We're not the only ones who recognize
that. Almost everyone in this audience is
a descendant of or an actual immigrant
to this country. We're a nation of immigrants; we're a nation of refugees. And
as our ancestors came here, they came because of an intense love of this countrywhat it is, what it stands for, what it can
be in the future. We are more different,
one from another, than are the inhabitants of any other country on Earth about
which I know. But those differences have
been preserved. We cherish them. We believe that those ties to foreign countries,
different ethnic background, historical
background, language backgrounds, don't
make us weak; they make us strong. And
the beautiful picture that is our country,
made up of different people, is what still
attracts refugees to our shores, to have an
America that we can love-and we doand to have an America with a bright
future, which we will have if we are unified and courageous, which we have always been.
If any other community in this country
proves it, it's yours. And I'm thankful to
be in Philadelphia.
I'm now looking forward to answering
the questions from the audience.
QUESTIONS
FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY
Q. Mr. PresidentTHE PRESIDENT. Yes.
Q. My name is Geoff Berman, and
I'd like to ask a question. It has been reported that Secretary of State Vance resigned not only because of the aborted
Iranian rescue mission but also because
of a more fundamental conflict with your
administration; namely that he viewed
National Security Adviser Dr. Brzezinski
as exercising too much influence within
the foreign policymaking process of your
administration, to the exclusion of the
State Department. Would you comment
on this and clarify what you believe to be
the role of each in the process? And
might the balance change with the introduction of Muskie?
THE PRESIDENT. Okay. There is one
person in this Nation who's responsible
for the establishment of and the carrying
out of American foreign policy, and that's
the President of the United States. It's
not the National Security Adviser; it's not
even the Secretary of State. Almost all of
the policies that we have evolved in the
last 3V/2 years-and they've been good,
sound, consistent policies-have been
evolved through a practically unanimous
consensus involving myself, the Vice
President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the National Security
Adviser, and sometimes a few other advisers on energy matters and finance matters from the Department of Energy or
the Secretary of Treasury.
There have been no basic disagreements with foreign policy between Vance
and me or between Vance and Brzezinski. Brzezinski is a Polish American-so is
Ed Muskie, by the way. And I think it's
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
inevitable that someone like Brzezinski
is-he's kind of feisty, he's aggressive, he's
innovative, he puts forth bright ideas,
some of which have to be discarded, to
State Department he has a very small bureaucracy —
Q. Which ones? [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. Well, I'm the one who
decides, right? But that's the way I think
it ought to be. To have a President who
listens very carefully to bright ideas and
to the maintenance of the status quo, who
has to address changing times. But I can
tell you absolutely that there have been
no basic disagreements between myself
and Vance, between myself and Brzezinski, nor between Brzezinski and Vance.
My hope is that with Ed Muskie coming on board as a part of our team last
night at 7 o'clock, that he will play a
somewhat different role than the one Secretary Vance played, because of a difference in background and temperament
and attitude. I see Ed Muskie as being a
much stronger and more statesmanlike
senior-citizen figure who will be a more
evocative spokesman for our Nation's policy; not nearly so bogged down in the
details of administration of the State Department, perhaps; not quite so bogged
down in the details of protocol, like meeting with and handling the visits of a constant stream of diplomats who come to
Washington.
I would prefer that Ed Muskie not be
so personally involved in detail and negotiations with other nations. Warren
Christopher, the Deputy Secretary of
State-and I hope he will stay on at least
the rest of this year-is fully capable of
handling those kinds of problems. I think
that Muskie is determined to be the
spokesman for American policy, as has
been Secretary Vance.
As Brzezinski pointed out, he explains
policy sometimes both to newspeople in
privacy and also on some occasions in
public speeches. But the image that has
been put forward of a division between
NSC, National Security Council, and the
State Department is primarily a creature
of the American news media, and there
is no basis in fact for it.
Q. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
EMPLOYMENT
Q. Mr. President, my name is Ed Ford.
For the past several years Government
jobs have been moved to the South at a
fast rate. Since we have high unemployment in the inner cities and in view of
your Executive order that says that military installations will be located to lessen
urban decay, why does the administration
continue to move Government jobs out
of the Philadelphia area?
THE PRESIDENT. Mr. Ford, I don't
think it's accurate to say that this administration has moved jobs out of the Philadelphia area. We have, obviously, some
needs to change Federal placement of
roles and functions on occasion. The arsenal was moved. We did the best we
could to compensate for it. Of the roughly
3,500 people that were employed at the
Frankfort Arsenal, at the end of last September more than 98 percent of them had
been found new jobs or had retired.
We have worked as hard as possible,
because of that move and because of other
reasons, to bring one of our major aircraft carriers here to the navy yard, as
you know, for an overhaul. This will be
a multihundred million dollar project that
will keep intact between 8,500 and 9,000
jobs that were threatened and add at least
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May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
2,500 or more new jobs in the repair or
overhaul of the Saratoga.
I'm very conscious of the fact that we
have high unemployment in our country.
We've tried to orient job opportunities
to those who've been deprived most. Last
year, 1979, we had a good, sound economy going, and we had a 33-percent reduction nationwide in jobs for minority
young people.' When we put forward the
proposals to the Congress for a balanced
budget to bring down the inflation rate
and to bring down the interest rates, we
very carefully preserved those job opportunities.
We will have a million summer jobs
for disadvantaged youth beginning in
about a month. We are proposing another
2 million jobs to be made permanent for
disadvantaged youth primarily, with the
new job employment program now before
the Congress. But I'm determined that
what you advocate as a past policy of our
administration never happen in the future. It has not happened in the past.
The last point I want to make is this:
All of the programs that we have had in
the past, established over a long period
of years, have been reexamined to bring
the Federal thrust out of the more
wealthy suburbs, quite often, into the
downtown areas and also to shift the focus to the Northeast and to the older
cities. This is true in transportation, it's
true in housing, it's true in health services,
it's true in education, and we'll continue
that process. But I'll be very conscious of
the fact in the future that there is a real
need in cities like Philadelphia, and I'll
be sure to compensate for them.
' The President should have said "a 33-percent reduction in unemployment for minority
young people." [White House correction.]
With the passage of the windfall profits
tax that the Congress has now made a
law with my signature, for instance, we'll
have $50 billion more in the next 10 years
to keep repaired and to improve public
transportation, like your own transportation system here that's in a dilapidated
state, and this is just typical of what we
have been doing.
Q. Thank you.
MIDDLE EAST PEACE NEGOTIATIONS
Q. Mr. President, my name is Danyael
Cantor. A major tenet of your Mideast
policy has been that the reconciliation of
the quote, unquote, "Palestinian issue"
would ensure peace in that area and the
security of our vital interests in that region. Israel and Egypt have made real
progress together vis-a-vis the Camp
David agreements, yet it is obvious that
isolated and alone they cannot complete
the urgent task they have begun.
THE PRESIDENT. That's right.
Q. My question is this: Given the resistance of the other Arab states to support the Camp David negotiations, not to
mention the refusal of the PLO to even
recognize Israel's right to exist, what pressures, let's call them initiatives, is this
government ready to bring to bear on
these other parties to ensure that this
noble peace initiative does not result in
failure?
THE PRESIDENT. One of the disappointments after Camp David accords
were reached, for me, has been the unwillingness of the Jordanians, the Syrians,
and the Palestinian Arabs to join in the
peace talks. This is a serious matter, but
it is not a fatal circumstance. You have
to remember the importance of Egypt in
the Arab world-35 million people, the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
strongest, most dynamic, most heavily
populated nation in the Arab community,
also the one that has been in the lead in
the last four wars where Israeli and
Egyptian young men died.
The peace between Israel and Egypt is
assured through a permanent, far-reaching, very substantive treaty signed just a
little bit more than a year ago. In the
absence of cooperation by Jordan, Israel
faces no serious military threat from the
east. And Syria, as you well know, also is
incapable of mounting a serious threat
against Israel, as long as Israel and Egypt
are bound together with a common commitment to peace.
We are now negotiating to carry out
those provisions of Camp David which
have been espoused and signed on a word
of honor by both Begin and Sadat and
witnessed by me. They involve the redressing of the needs of the Palestinians
in addition to the insurance of Israel's
stability, peace and security; the recognition of Palestinian rights; the resolution
of Palestinian differences in all their aspects; the right of Palestinians to have a
voice in the determination of their own
future-those things I'm quoting from
Camp David, and they've been signed by
Menahem Begin, as well as they have by
Jimmy Carter and Anwar Sadat. At the
same time, Sadat has recognized and we
have recognized that Israel must have her
security guaranteed.
The PLO is endorsed by many other
Arab countries as being the spokesman
for Palestinians. We don't believe that
that's an accurate description of the
PLO's function. Recently when Israeli
settlers were murdered, the PLO immediately took credit for it. I am not going to
recognize the PLO nor to negotiate with
the PLO until after the PLO recognizes
U.N. 242 as a basis for Mideast peace
and also recognizes Israel's right to exist
and to exist in peace. Those kinds of
things must be carried out.
In closing, let me say that I don't know
what the future will hold. I cannot dominate Israel or Egypt or any other people
on Earth. We have to add our voice as a
mediator to try to find some common
ground on which they can reach agreement themselves. My hope is that they
will. There is no doubt in my mind that
both the Egyptian people and the Israeli
people want peace, and God knows we
want peace for that entire region. It's to
our advantage as well to have a stable
Mideast.
We've faced some difficult times in the
past. The day before we left Camp David,
none of us up there thought we would
have an agreement. We got one. And a
little more than a year ago, now almost
a year and a half ago, when I went to the
Mideast-the day before I left Jerusalem,
we thought we had no chance of success.
We had success. So, we're determined,
we're tenacious, we're going to add our
good voice. And I believe that world
pressure and the pressure of the people in
Israel and Egypt will bring those two
leaders, with our help, together.
So, Israel must exist, Israel must exist
securely, Israel must exist in peace. And
also the Palestinian rights, recognized by
Begin and the Israelis, need to be recognized in the future by all of us in order
to keep stability in that troubled region.
Q. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT
Q. Mr. President, my name is Thomas
Jones. I'm from Pine Hill, New Jersey.
I want to ask you a very easy question.
THE PRESIDENT. I'd appreciate that.
[Laughter]
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May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Q. What are your personal feelings on
the ERA? And also, how do vou feel about
women being drafted?
THE PRESIDENT. I am strongly in favor
of the ratification of the ERA.
Since the basic concepts of equality of
opportunity were first put forward here
in Philadelphia, our Nation has made
steady progress in increased democratization of our system, where people, for
instance, could directly elect Senators;
where women were given the right to
vote; where discrimination because of
race was wiped from the U.S. Constitution, and guaranteed equality was given
there. Women still don't have a guarantee of equal treatment under the U.S.
Constitution with men.
This equal rights amendment, in my
opinion, will not weaken, but will
strengthen, American families. It will not
weaken, it will strengthen, the free enterprise system. It will not weaken, it will
strengthen, in my judgment, the special
characteristic of women which is unique
to them.
I see no reason for us to draft anyone.
What I have proposed to the Congress is,
on the one hand, funds to renovate and
to make ready the registration system, the
Selective Service System; not to draft
anyone, not even to examine anyone to
place them in a physically qualified or
unqualified status; but just to register
them and get them on the books so that
if we do have to marshal our forces in the
future to defend our country, we'll have
a 90- or 100-day head start, compared to
what we have now.
I have also asked, as a separate piece of
legislation-which I think has no chance
of getting through the Congress-that
that registration be not only young men
but women. I prefer it, but I don't think
Congress will do it. But I might say I do
believe that the Congress will authorize
the registration of young men, and I don't
believe, with any prospect in the future
that's apparent to me, that we will have
to go to a draft of either young men or
women. In my opinion, a good registration system would not only prepare us to
protect ourselves rapidly if we have to,
but it would also help to make our voluntary forces stronger.
So, I believe in the ERA. I believe in
the registration of young men and women.
I think we'll have the right very shortly
to register young men, and I hope we'll
never have to have a draft.
Q. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
LOCATION OF MILITARY INSTALLATIONS
Q. Mr. President, my name is Cecile
Johnson. I am one of the 406 employees
affected by the Secretary of Defense's decision to transfer the Philadelphia defense
contract region to a suburban location in
Georgia. In view of the following-one,
your Executive order, which states military installations will be located so as to
minimize urban decay; two, the abnormally high unemployment rate in Philadelphia; three, GAO's independent study,
which concluded it is several million dollars cheaper to retain Philadelphia as
headquarters; and four, the fact that the
contract workload is concentrated in this
area-why doesn't the Secretary of Defense reverse the decision?
THE PRESIDENT. I think the first part of
your question is in error, and that is the
assumption that the Secretary of Defense
has made a decision to consolidate the two
units in Georgia-I happen to be from
Georgia. [Laughter] But when I heard
about this prospective move, I asked the
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
Department of Defense to reassess the
tentative decision. We have restudied it
and are still undergoing that process.
One of the major problems put forward
by the Defense Department was that in
order to keep the combined unit here in
the Philadelphia area, it would cost $4
million to modify the facilities here. They
have now found that it will not cost $4
million. I was informed recently that instead of $4 million, it will cost less than $1
million. I think that will be a very important factor when the decision is made.
But I am personally interested in it and
if I were a betting man-[laughter]-I
would say that the odds are not against
Philadelphia. But I can't make a final
commitment to you now.
Q. Thank you.
FORMULATION OF FOREIGN POLICY
Q. Hello, Mr. President. My name is
John Dibernardino, and my question relates somewhat to the first question that
was asked today. Referring to your recent
appointment of Senator Muskie as Secretary of State, I would like to know if that
appointment should be interpreted as a
change in your foreign policy away from
that advocated by National Security Affairs Adviser Brzezinski toward a more
conciliatory policy, especially regarding
Iran and the Soviet Union? And if that is
so, what has changed your thinking?
THE PRESIDENT. I think if you would
study-which the press has done-the
public statements of Ed Muskie, not only
in the last few days but in the months gone
by, you would agree with me that, I believe invariably, Ed Muskie as a Senator
has endorsed without reservation the foreign policy of our country as evolved under Secretary of State Cy Vance and with
the cooperation and help of Zbigniew
Brzezinski.
As I said earlier, it is a serious mistake,
a serious error to exaggerate or to emphasize differences that do exist on occasion between National Security and State
and Defense and Treasury and Energy
and myself, and maybe the Vice President
as well. Always when we evolve policy I
encourage my advisers to put forward
their own ideas on the best solution to a
serious problem. And once we decide on a
basic solution and I make the final judgment on it, unanimously we have had support. The one exception is on the rescue
attempt in Iran, when Secretary Vance
expressed strong reservations about it.
And after the decision was made he said
to me, "I will support your decision until
the rescue operation is completed. Following that I would like to resign as Secretary
of State." I accepted his resignation on
that basis. That was the reason for it.
So, there has been no division between
NSC and State, nor between either of
them and me. The policy of our country is
carefully considered and consistent. It is
not expected to change under Ed Muskie,
and he has been supportive of the policy in
every public statement about which I'm
familiar.
Q. Thank you.
The PRESIDENT. Thank you.
AMERICAN HOSTAGES IN IRAN
Q. Good afternoon, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. Good afternoon.
Q. I am Larry Goldman from Philadelphia. I would like to know-I would
like to touch on the Iran hostage crisis.
Will you continue-number one, will you
continue your sanctions against Iran, and
what will your next steps be against them?
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Do you have a date for military actions?
And how come such a few number of helicopters were used in the rescue attempt?
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you very much,
Larry.
I will continue the sanctions against
Iran. Up until this time we have stood
practically alone in the implementation
of sanctions. A few other nations have
joined us. Many have withdrawn their
Ambassadors and their diplomatic staff
from Iran in protest against what Iran
has done. They were condemned unanimously by the United Nations Security
Council on two occasions, and the International Court of Justice, the so-called
World Court, also ruled that Iran had
violated international law in a very serious
manner.
I don't have a specific date after which
I will take advantage of the other options
available to us. Military options are going
to be kept for use if necessary. My preference has always been that we resolve this
crisis in a peaceful fashion, and that's my
hope and expectation in the future.
On the 17th of this month our other
major allies, Japan and the European
countries and Canada, for instance, have
decided to impose economic sanctions
against Iran similar in nature, not quite
so far reaching, as those that we have
imposed ourselves. We'd like to convince
Iran not only that they are hurting us by
keeping innocent people kidnap victims,
but also they are hurting themselves.
When we began to study a possible rescue operation back in November of last
year, it was obvious to us the difficulty
that would be involved. It's a rare thing
when helicopters of any kind have to fly
600 land miles, more than 500 nautical
miles, nonstop. Ordinarily helicopters fly
about 100 miles at the time. These heli
copters were designed originally as minesweeping helicopters. They're very reliable. They operate over the water, as you
can see, and they have a fairly extensive
range. We only needed six helicopters to
go into Tehran and to help remove the
hostages and the rescue team. But we had
to have at least that many. So, from the
U.S. carrier the Nimitz, we launched the
eight helicopters, having two extra ones
above and beyond what we anticipated
needing.
We had a very unpredictable and heartbreaking series of coincidences that caused
the termination of this rescue attempt. We
had an unanticipated, very severe sandstorm that turned one of the helicopters
back to the Nimitz. That same sandstorm
forced down two helicopters that had to
stay on the ground and be left by the
others for more than 30 minutes, and we
had two helicopters that developed mechanical difficulties.
It's impossible on a secret mission like
this, where you had to go all the way
across 500 miles of Iran without being detected and then stay overnight without
being detected, to refuel without being
detected, to take in the rescue team without being detected. It's a serious problem
if you start trying to add extra planes or
extra helicopters.
We thought that two extra ones would
be plenty. We never dreamed that we
would have three helicopters go out of
commission. We had practiced different
elements of the rescue mission in this
country, both in the North Carolina area
and out in the desert, similar to Iran territory, more than 25 times, and this was a
surprise to us, a heartbreaking surprise to
us. I have no doubt that the mission
would have been successful had it been
able to go ahead, but we could not an
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980Ma9
May 9
ticipate the sandstorms nor the breakdown
in the helicopters. It was just one of those
streaks of bad luck. And we could not
have added twice as many helicopters,
because the operation would have been
much too complicated. You have to remember that every helicopter that went
in had to have fuel brought in by C- 130's
in the middle of the night in a desert, not
on an airport, and transferred.
So, we wanted to keep the operation
secret and simple and incisive. We were
just plagued by bad luck.
Q. Thank you, sir. Good luck.
THE PRESIDENT. I wish now we had
had another helicopter, but I didn't know
ahead of time.
Q. Thank you very much.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
OWNERSHIP OF ENERGY RESOURCES
Q. Mr. President, my name is Charles
Cutler. Before I ask my question, I'd like
to say that I think you've done a marvelous job in a very, very difficult set of circumstances over the last 31/2 years. I
don't think it's very often that people off
the street, like myself, get a chance to say
thank you, but I sincerely appreciate the
great effort you've given all of us in your
time as President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. So far,
you've got my favorite question. Charles,
I appreciate it.
Q. My question relates to energy and
to the oil companies. It's been written that
the oil companies are slowly purchasing
interest and soon may be controlling interest in our other energy sources, principally
coal. Given the oil companies' past history of insensitivity to the public's needs
and their greater concern for the financial
benefits they can gain, are there any
measures that you're contemplating about
this problem that I bring up?
THE PRESIDENT. You're right in that
when the oil companies, in the past, have
been quite restricted in the amount of
oil they could produce, they've been inclined to go on what's called horizontal
integration; that is, the lapping up of coal
deposits, uranium deposits, or shale deposits, and they still are inclined to do
that. I would personally favor, as I did
during my campaign effort, a restraint on
that kind of horizontal expansion or integration. I think we should have more
competition, and we have put forward
legislation accordingly.
The justice Department has proposed
to the Congress that there be a restraint
on how much the oil companies could invest in those ancillary kinds of energy. So
far, the Congress has not acted. We are
monitoring the oil companies very carefully. If they abuse the privilege that they
now have, in my judgment there will be
a building up of additional commitment
in the Congress and in the American public that would bring about a prohibition
against the oil companies moving too
much into the coal production field.
We will also try to increase the production of coal as much as possible by shifting
over utilities that produce electricity from
oil and gas to coal and by investing tremendous amounts of money-like tens of
billions of dollars in the future-in the
production of synthetic oil and natural
gas, clean-burning fuels, from coalabout 75 percent from coal, the other 25
percent from other forms of energy.
So, I'm aware of the problem you express. I'm concerned about it. During my
campaign I committed myself to be on
guard against that horizontal movement
of the oil companies into the coal field.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
And if they do abuse the privilege, to
summarize, I will act and the Congress
will act to prevent that practice, which
will be deleterious to competition. We are
fairly well protected now by the antitrust laws that are already part of our
Justice Department responsibility. But I
believe that we might very well have an
additional need to prevent oil companies
taking over the coal fields in the future.
Q. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
THE NATION S ECONOMY
Q. Mr. President, my name is John
Reiss. In your opening remarks you
painted an improving picture of our economy. In fact, the inflation rate in this
country, despite the very slight decline you
mentioned, is still disastrously high, just
recently hitting an historic 20-percent
yearly level. Don't you think it is time for
the Government to follow a different fiscal policy, rather than the clearly unsuccessful, presently practiced monetary
policy which has resulted in our high inflation and unemployment rates? Why
don't you consider, for example, a tax
base incomes policy, TIP, which has been
proven successful in Hungary?
THE PRESIDENT. It was John Reiss,
right?
Q. Yes.
THE PRESIDENT. John, I don't think
anyone could argue with you in that we
are extremely disturbed at the excessively
high interest rates and inflation rates. I
considered the TIP proposition and presented a modified version of that to the
Congress more than a year ago. The Congress was not even willing at that time to
get it out of committee. It would have
guaranteed that a labor group that vol
untarily took a lower salary settlement,
wage settlement, if the inflation rate
went up an unexpected degree, would
have a refund on their income tax, to kind
of guarantee them that if the inflation
rate was more than their wage settlement
that they wouldn't have to pay for it. The
Congress was not willing to do that.
I think that 2 months ago, when I
evolved to the country a combination,
along with the Federal Reserve Board, of
an anti-inflation package, that it was welladvised and adequate. The results have
far exceeded what we anticipated.
We put some constraints on consumer
spending, as you know, including a slight
restraint on credit card use. The results
of that have been many times greater
than what we thought they would be. The
Federal Reserve put some constraints on
money lending by banks. Again, we
thought there would be a very slow reduction in interest rates. At this time, the
prime rate is falling about 1 percent per
week. And as I said earlier, one of the
savings and loan companies reduced their
mortgage rates 4 or 4V/2 percent in 1 day.
Now the mortgage rate on a nationwide
basis is in the neighborhood of 13 percent,
and just a few days ago it was up as high
as 17 percent.
No one knows what's going to happen
in the future. My prediction to you is that
in the summer we will see substantial reductions of an equivalent degree in the
inflation rate. We have gotten results this
morning of the Producer Price Index,
that is, the Wholesale Price Index. It
dropped to 6-percent annual rate. That's
just 1 month's figures, based on April
alone. I hope it will continue. I don't
think it will continue that low. But I believe that we'll see now, with interest
rates going down, a quick rejuvenation of
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
homebuilding, automobile purchase, and
the purchase of goods that go into homes,
like refrigerators and stoves and so forth.
We'll also see a rejuvenation of consumer
spending, and perhaps saving, with the inflation rate dropping.
So, I believe that we are on the right
track, and I don't have any intention of
modifying that until we give it a thorough test. I think we'll know by, I would
say, September whether or not the antiinflation program is working. I believe
though that I can tell you as sure as anything in economics that we will have reasonable interest rates and reasonable
inflation rates certainly far below what
they were even a month ago by the middle of this summer.
Q. I hope so. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. I hope so, too. Thank
you.
EDUCATION
Q. Mr. President, my name is Marie
Scrarretta. My question has to do with
education. Since you have established the
Department of Education as a separate
and distinct department of the HEW, it
is apparent that you're placing greater
emphasis on the needs, functions, and
goals of national education. What plans
will this new department propose for the
declining educational standards in our
country and for the financing of areas
such as ours here where we are financially
strapped in our city schools?
THE PRESIDENT. In the last 3 years
since I've been President, 3V/2, we've increased the Federal contribution to education tremendously. At the same time
we've been very careful not to take control of the school systems away from the
local and State officials. We'll continue
that policy. We've had a great increase in
the allocation of different ways to finance
the college education of young people
who were able not just financially but
educationally and mentally to do college
work.
When I was Governor of Georgia, I
spent about 25 percent of all my time
working on education to improve the
quality for the Georgia students. Since
I've been President that has not been the
case. Most of the problems that I have to
deal with in education concern arguments
and legal squabbles between a local
school board or a State on the one hand,
and HEW and the Justice Department on
the other, because we have not had a
single Cabinet-level official who could
speak uniquely for education.
With the appointment of Shirley Hufstedler as the Secretary of Education and
with a full Cabinet post now for her to fill,
any school board member, any leader of
a teachers group or any organization like
the PTA, any Governor will know exactly where to go to get specifically allocated and focused Federal help, financial
and otherwise, and to resolve a problem
affecting social interrelationships like
racial discrimination or otherwise to keep
the school systems out of court. And I believe that I'll spend a lot more time now
in trying to improve the quality of education with Shirley Hufstedler at my side
than I could have ever done, no matter
what my own motivations might have
been, with health, education, and welfare,
operated by the same Secretary or Cabinet officer with health and welfare being
the dominant two problems and considerations.
So, I don't have any doubt that in every
element of educational excellence or improvement or financing or cooperation or
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
the end of this contention and argument
that the new department will be constructive, to give our students of all ages
a much better educational opportunity in
the future.
Q. Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
DOMESTIC PROGRAMS FOR MINORITIES
Q. Mr. President, my name is Elmore
Johnson, and first I'd like to just express
my appreciation in terms of being given
the opportunity to even ask a question of
the President of the United States, who
also happens to be my father's favorite.
I said father's, right? [Laughter] Mr.
President, domestically
THE PRESIDENT. I hope someday I
can be the favorite of your father's son
as well. [Laughter]
Q. You might be, you might be.
Mr. President, domestically this country seems to be in a declining state, and
the consciousness of those who govern our
society appears to be, at this time, somewhat misdirected in relationship to the
poor and minority citizens-the budgetbalancing process currently underway,
which has negative effects regarding
minority youth programs, minority employment, regarding the CETA cutbacks,
and now even the food stamp reauthorization, and I'll stop at this point. I would
hope that you would do everything in
your power to make sure that millions of
Americans are not unnecessarily affected
come May 15 in relationship to the continuation of the food stamps.
Somehow our priorities seem to be misdirected when the most underprivileged
of our society are asked to do most of the
sacrificing and continued suffering. Any
and all cuts in domestic programs will ad
versely affect urban cities like Philadelphia, the youth, the senior citizens and
poor and minorities, who are the ones
who really rely on the Federal domestic
programs.
And my question is, how do you as
President of the United States propose to
change this situation so that basically
people can begin to feel positive again
about themselves, about their communities, and about this Nation in order that
the masses of the country will not continue to suffer in the present type of state
that they are now?
Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. I understand the reasons for your concern, because our Nation
has not yet cast off or eliminated the consequences of generations of racial discrimination. We have made good progress
lately, and we're continuing to make that
progress. Legally, because of rulings by the
Supreme Court and the Federal courts
and also actions taken by the Congress, we
have legal guarantees of equality, but because of ancient discriminatory practices
we've got a long way to go in letting minority citizens, blacks, those who don't
speak English well and others, have an
equal chance in life.
As we put forward our anti-inflation
program I recognized, and I hope you will
as well, that those who suffer most from
an 18- or 20-percent inflation rate are the
ones who are the poorest, who live on
fixed incomes, or who live in a place
where they cannot move to a better opportunity or to a better job when they
don't have enough income to live. A 20 -percent or an 18-percent inflation rate is
almost the same as an 18-percent tax on
their income.
When food prices go up, the wealthy
people can drive to a convenient shop
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
ping center, buy large quantities of food
at a discount price, come back home, and
put it in a fancy deepfreeze, and the adverse effects of inflation are not felt so
severely by them. Many poor families,
though, have to live from hand to mouth.
They get a limited check. They quite
often go to a local grocery store where
the prices are very high on basic necessities. Sometimes the check doesn't get
there on time, and the local grocer will
give them credit for a few days. And when
they do get their income they are afraid
to take their business somewhere else to
buy food at a cheaper price.
We also have seen that as we take
charge of the economy and cut down the
inflation rate and the interest rates, that
we ought to protect those programs that
are most valuable to the poor and to the
minority groups. We've done that. There
have been no cuts in summer youth employment jobs. There have been no cuts in
social security. There have been no cuts in
SSI. There have been no cuts in aid for
families with dependent children. There
have been zero cuts in Meals on Wheels.
As a matter of fact, in housing, which you
mentioned, in 1981 budget, beginning the
1st of October, we've built in a 25-percent
increase, not a decrease, in Federal assisted housing compared to this year-up
to 300,000 units to be built with Federal
assistance. On top of that, we've now
come back, because of the troubles in
the homebuilding industry, and added
another 100,000 units on top of those
300,000. So, we are trying to protect those
programs that are important to you and
the people about whom you are
concerned.
I'd like to add one other thing. It's not
just enough to pass laws and appropriate
money. I come from the Southeast. I could
not have been standing here today as
President had it not been for Martin
Luther King, Jr., and others like him, for
instance, who fought for equal rights for
blacks and who took the yoke of racial discrimination from around the necks of the
white people as well. It's been an opening
up of a new opportunity in life for all
Americans. I've tried, since I've been in
office, to compensate for that ancient discrimination in my appointments.
I have appointed, for instance-I don't
say this bragging, because I haven't done
enough yet-I've appointed more [black] 2
Federal judges in the 3 years that I've
been in office than all the other Presidents
put together since this Nation began.
We've got 32 judges now who are women.
I have appointed 28 of them. We put
blacks on regulatory agencies to take care
of the needs of people who quite often did
not benefit from a competitive free enterprise system. I'm not saying these things to
try to convince you that I have done
enough. But we are making good progress.
I'm concerned about the food stamp
program as well; I'm on your side. And
anybody who examines the budget proposals that I have put forward, which I'm
going to fight for, compared to the budget
proposals that came out of the House
Budget Committee or the Senate committee will see that it's to your advantage to
help me protect my programs, because
they're the same kind of programs that
you have just said you want to see for
blacks and others who've felt the sting of
and the suffering of discrimination.
We're in it together. We're partners, I
believe, and I think we will prevail, because as we go into the summer months
with interest rates and inflation rate going
2 White House correction.
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May 9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
down, we're going to have a recession on
our hands-there's no doubt about itand those carefully focused programs to
keep job opportunities open and to keep
our industry strong and to let people buy
homes and to let food stamps be provided
for those who are hungry are just as important to me as they are to you. I believe
that we will win this battle. It's not going
to be an easy few months, and I need your
help as well as the help of your father.
Q. All right. Thank you, Mr. President.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
TAX REFORM
Q. Hi.
THE PRESIDENT. Hello.
Q. My name is Joan Pidot. I work at
Temple, and I'm really proud to have
you at our university today. And I want to
thank you for the Christmas card you send
me every year. [Laughter]
During the 1976 campaign, you described the then-current tax situation as a
"disgrace." Have your views on that system changed, and if so, how?
THE PRESIDENT. My views haven't
changed much, and neither has the tax
system. [Laughter] I've tried, and I've put
forward proposals to the Congress to eliminate some of the special privileges built
into the income tax system, but I've not
been successful yet.
We do have, however, a major step that
has been accomplished this year. The biggest tax bill ever passed by the Congress
in history was completed just a few weeks
ago. That's the windfall profits tax on the
oil companies. I was very pleased to sign
that bill, because over the next 10 years it's
going to take more than $120 billion away
from the oil companies, out of their
profits, and allot it to the American people
to be used to conserve energy and also to
produce more energy in our own country.
So, we do have some elements of success, but the inequities built into the income tax system, to a great degree, still
remain. I've not given up, but the prospects for major improvements are not
good. We've simplified it. If you'd get your
present tax forms and go back 5 years and
see what used to be, we've made some
progress, and we've been able to reduce
taxes a good bit. We'll reduce them more
next year, in my judgment, when we get
the budget balanced and get the inflation
rate and the interest rates down where
they ought to be.
Q. Thank you.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you. I've got
time for another one.
ASSESSMENT OF ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
Q. Mr. President, my name is Steve
Alter. I'm a senior at Abington Friends
School. The Iran crisis and the Afghanistan invasion have forced you to remain in
Washington for the past 6 months. You've
now abandoned that policy, saying that
these situations are now more manageable. Could you please tell us what specific
indications there are that this is true, in
light of the recent aborted Iranian mission, Cyrus Vance's resignation, and the
complications of having a brand-new Secretary of State?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't think it is accurate to say-and neither have I saidthat the hostage situation in Iran is more
manageable. With our hostages now
moved to other countries [cities],3 it's
much more difficult for us to know where
they are. However, we have presently
achieved support from our allies which
3 White House correction.
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
was not there before to help us exert common economic persuasion on Iran to resolve the hostage question. We've also
clarified the issue, I believe, between ourselves and our allies, in mounting permanent economic and political pressure on
the Soviet Union to convince them that
they made a serious mistake in Afghanistan. Those crises are likely to continue
on in the future.
Domestically we have made progress.
We've basically completed now, with two
exceptions, the total energy policy legislation for our country, and we've put in effect the commitment by the Congress to
cut Federal spending enough to balance
the budget and to turn the inflation rate
and the interest rate down.
In my judgment the total complex list
of the things with which I have to deal
are more manageable, but it is not accurate to assume that we are any closer to
getting our hostages back from Iran. It
took an awful lot of my time and my advisers', as well, to plan and to mount the
hostage rescue mission. I'm grieved that
it did not succeed. I thought it was going
to succeed. I am not at this time involved
in that careful detailed planning leading
up to an imminent rescue mission to repeat that one.
We are keeping all our options open,
and I believe that it's better for me now,
because of the rapidly changing circumstances in our country, the fairly well defined relationship between our allies and
the Soviet Union and Iran, and the accomplishment of some of our major goals
on this legislative year and the completion
of some of my extra duties in marshaling
support for the Olympics boycott and for
economic boycotts against the Soviet
Union, that I can say in totality those
burdens are more manageable, certainly
manageable enough so that on occasion,
once a week or so, I can go out for a day.
And I think the balancing of benefit to
be able to come here with you to answer
questions and to try to put all these things
into focus and to make a major foreign
policy address in downtown Philadelphia
today right after lunch more than makes
up for my absence from Washington.
When I made the commitment, by the
way, to stay in the White House, I honestly thought we'd have the hostages out
in a few weeks. I never dreamed that they
would be held this long. So, it was time
for me to make that move. I don't want
to mislead anyone. I do not think that the
hostage question is any more manageable
than it was before.
Q. Thank you very much.
THE PRESIDENT. It's a good question.
FEDERAL CONTROL OF OIL IMPORTS
Q. One more. I've waited since November 13, so I'm really excited. I'd like to
know if you would favor a plan that would
permit only the United States Government to bring oil, import oil, into the
country and then sell it to the oil companies. How do you feel about that?
THE PRESIDENT. That's one of the options that we've considered at great length
and have not believed it to be a good
decision.
It's still an option that will be kept on
the shelf and used if necessary, but I don't
believe that the other nations of the
world who control the purchase of oil on
a noncompetitive basis and by themselves as the only purchaser have benefited from it. Under the present market
circumstances on a worldwide basis, the
prices are fairly well set by long-term
negotiations. And as you know, American
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
oil companies have an investment in and
a working relationship with the oil suppliers. As a matter of fact, many American oil companies supply oil to other
major nations.
So, this is an option that we will consider if we think that our country is not
being best served by competition among
the oil companies in buying oil. And I
believe that we would not be well served
now by the Federal Government injecting
itself into the free enterprise system and
thinking it can do a better job of buying
oil than the oil companies can.
It's easy to curse and to condemn the
oil companies.
Q. That's true.
THE PRESIDENT. I think they know
their business, and their desire is to buy
oil as cheap as they can. And in general,
I believe the free enterprise system is better able to carry out a function like that
than the Federal Government. I think the
Federal Government has got its hands into
too many things now instead of not
enough.
Q. Thank you very much.
THE PRESIDENT. They say no more
questions, but I'll take one more question
just to show that my staff and the NSC
don't run me; I run myself.
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
Q. Good afternoon, Mr. President and
fellow citizens, my name is Jean McCall.
I could speak about oil; I drive a car. I
could speak about the children; I'm an
educator. However, I came to speak about
a man of peace, Dr. Martin Luther King,
Jr. Dr. King's birthday is a holiday here
in our State of Pennsylvania. Many citizens here in Philadelphia gathered signatures, and we gathered them from 40
States. We got 100,000 signatures. And we
want to honor a man of peace. All of our
holidays, most of them, allude to war
Memorial Day, Fourth of July, you name
it. I ask you, Mr. President, when will we
honor Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?
THE PRESIDENT. I have worked very
closely with Coretta King and others who
share the same desire you've expressed, to
get a national holiday set aside to commemorate his birthday. I might point out,
though, in the essence of accuracy, that
we do have holidays like Christmas and,
sometimes, Easter, which are not oriented
completely toward war. And I think the
birthday of George Washington and Lincoln are not really oriented toward war.
Memorial Day is obviously the recognition of those who were killed in a war to
preserve peace and freedom, and, of
course, the Fourth of July would not be
associated with war, because it's the birth
of a great Nation.
So, I do agree with you that we need
to honor Dr. Martin Luther King in that
fashion.
Let me say, just assuming that I've answered your question adequately, I'd like
to say this in closing. It's really good for
me as President to get out of my house
for a change and to come out and be with
you. The questions have been challenging; some have been difficult. I think the
breadth of them and the diversity of them
emphasizes the complexity of this modern
day in which we live.
Ours is a great country, and quite often
because we are such a dynamic, aggressive, diverse, advanced society, when
changes take place on Earth, they affect
us first. And because we have such a
freedom of speech and such a burning desire on the part of the American press to
put forward new ideas and to explain
controversy and to report debates and to
emphasize disagreements and to let us
know about transient disappointments
and temporary aggravations, that American people are always aware of what's
going on much better than in societies
890
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 9
which are closed and where the people
only hear what the government wants
them to hear.
So, in this process of hearing about
these things in the evening as you watch
the network news or reading about them
in the newspaper, listening to them on the
radio all day long, we get the impression
in this country that all there is to it is the
debate or the argument or the temporary
inconvenience or the transient disappointment. What we tend to forget is the blessing that each of us has to live in the
United States of America-because God
has blessed us far more than we recognize,
and he's given us opportunities in this
country and natural resources that are the
envy of the rest of the world.
We are a superpower, not just because
we're the strongest nation on Earth militarily and economically and politically,
but because, in my judgment, we are the
strongest nation on Earth morally and
ethically. We believe in human rights, not
just for ourselves but for others. We believe in peace, not just for ourselves but
for others. And some might say that we
stick our nose in other people's business too much, but we are trying to get
peace for Israel and for Egypt. We
worked hard to try to get a new nation
born in Africa recently-to change Rhodesia into Zimbabwe and let the people
there who had been in the majority, who
had never had a right to vote or to shape
their own government, now have a new
government. And we've opened up
friendship not only with the people of
Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, but Nigeria.
And within the last 18 months, we have
also opened up a new prospect of friendship to the largest nation on Earth, China,
with more than a billion people, who were
formerly, our avowed enemies.
So, as we go forward, kind of the cutting edge of a rapidly changing dynamic
human society, we ought to remember
how strong we are and how blessed we are
to have a chance to come together like
this with a President and the people that
I represent and let me listen to your questions and listen to your comments and
listen to your criticisms and learn and let
you learn, so that we can commit ourselves jointly, in freedom, valuing each
human life and valuing the principles that
were shaped here in Philadelphia, to commit ourselves to make the greatest nation
on Earth even greater in the future.
NOTE: The President spoke at 3:02 p.m. in
McGonigle Hall. In his opening remarks, the
President referred to Marvin Wachman, president of Temple University.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included
elsewhere in this issue.
May 3
The President met at Camp David,
Md., with Secretary of Defense Harold
Brown, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs, David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant
to the President for National Security
Affairs, and the following officials of the
Department of State: Acting Secretary
Warren M. Christopher, Secretary-designate Edmund S. Muskie, Ambassador at
Large Henry D. Owen, Under Secretary
for Political Affairs David D. Newsom,
Under Secretary for Management Benjamin H. Read, W. Anthony Lake, Direc
891
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tor, Policy Planning Staff, and Peter
Tarnoff, Special Assistant to the Secretary
and Executive Secretary of the Department.
May 5
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David.
The President met at the White House
with:
-Lord Carrington, British Secretary of
State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Minister of
Overseas Development;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget;
-members of the Illinois General Assembly, to discuss ratification of the
equal rights amendment.
In the afternoon, the President attended a White House reception in the
Rose Garden for delegates to the 20th
Mexico-United States Interparliamentary
Conference.
The White House announced that the
President will designate Mary F. Berry as
Vice Chairman of the Civil Rights Commission upon her confirmation by the
Senate. She was nominated to be a member of this Commission last month.
May 6
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-the congressional delegation from
Florida, to discuss the Cuban and
Haitian refugee situation;
-Mr. Moore;
-Vice President Mondale, Stansfield
Turner, Director of Central Intelli
gence, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to
the President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-David P. Reynolds, chairman of the
board of the Reynolds Metals Co.,
and Ira Davidson, executive vice
president of the Kaiser Aluminum &
Chemical Corp.;
-Vice President Mondale, Paul
Volcker, Chairman of the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve
System, Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the Council of Economic
Advisers, and Alfred E. Kahn, Advisor to the President on Inflation;
Secretary-General Joseph M. A. H.
Luns of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization;
-Ambassador Budimir Loncar of
Yugoslavia.
The President announced that he will
nominate Morris D. Busby, of Springfield, Va., for the rank of Ambassador
when he is representing the United States
at international conferences and meetings
on fish and wildlife matters. Busby is
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
Oceans and Fisheries Affairs.
The President issued a declaration of a
state of emergency in portions of the State
of Florida severely affected by the influx
of thousands of refugees. The President
also has authorized the use of $10 million
from his emergency fund under the Refugee Act to provide urgent relief through
community organizations. The emergency
declaration, as authorized under Public
Law 93-288, authorizes the Federal Government to reimburse State and local governments for extraordinary costs incurred
in responding to the emergency.
May 7
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
892
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-Dr. Kahn;
-Helen Holliday, of St. Petersburg,
Fla., the National Goodwill Graduate
of 1980;
-Ann Howell, of Thibodaux, La., and
Rick Douglas, of Wilton, Conn., the
Multiple Sclerosis Society's 1980
Mother and Father of the Year;
-Mrs. Carter, for lunch.
May 8
The President met at the White House
with:
Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-representatives of agricultural production industries;
-Senators Lawton Chiles of Florida
and Sam Nunn of Georgia.
May 9
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Vice President Mondale, Secretary
Brown, Secretary of State Edmund S.
Muskie, Deputy Secretary of State
Warren M. Christopher, Hedley W.
Donovan, Senior Adviser to the
President, Mr. Jordan, and Dr. Brzezinski.
The President announced that he has
appointed John P. Condon to be the Representative of the United States on the
South Pacific Commission. Condon is U.S.
Ambassador to Fiji, the Kingdom of
Tonga, and Tuvalu.
The President traveled to Philadelphia,
Pa., where he addressed the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia and held a
townhall meeting with area residents. The
President then went to Camp David for
the weekend.
The White House announced that the
administration proposed an amendment to
the 1980 budget to assist the United States
Olympic Committee in launching a major
fundraising drive. The proposal calls for
an appropriation of $1 of Federal funds
for every $2 that the Committee is able to
raise from non-Federal sources. The maximum Federal contribution is $10 million.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services,
nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted May 5, 1980
EDMUND SIXTUS MUSKIE, of Maine, to be Secretary of State.
Submitted May 6, 1980
WILLIAM CALDWELL HARROP, of New Jersey,
a Foreign Service officer of Class one, to be
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to
the Republic of Kenya and to serve concurrently and without additional compensation
as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America
to the Republic of Seychelles.
PHILLIP R. TRIMBLE, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States of America to the Kingdom of Nepal.
C. WILLIAM KONTOS, of Illinois, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of the United States of America to the Democratic Republic of the Sudan.
MORRIS D. BUSBY, of Virginia, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and Fisheries Affairs, for the rank of Ambassador.
JOHN S. HASSELL, JR., of Georgia, to be Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, vice Karl Smith Bowers, resigned.
Submitted May 7, 1980
ALEXIS HERMAN, Director of the Women's
Bureau, Department of Labor, to be a member of the Board of Directors of the National
Consumer Cooperative Bank for a term of 3
years (new position).
893
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted May 9, 1980
GEORGE WILLIAM ASHWORTH, of Virginia, to
be an Assistant Director of the United States
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
vice, Barry M. Blechman, resigned.
JOAN F. TOBIN, of the District of Columbia, to
be a member of the Board of Directors of
the Communications Satellite Corporation
until the date of the annual meeting of the
Corporation in 1983 (reappointment).
JUDITH NELSEN KEEP, of California, to be
United States District Judge for the Southern District of California, vice a new position created by P.L. 95-486, approved
October 20, 1978.
MARILYN HALL PATEL, of California, to be
United States District Judge for the Northern District of California to fill an additional
position created September 18, 1979, pursuant to the provisions of section 372(b) of
Title 28 of the United States Code.
THELTON EUGENE HENDERSON, of California,
to be United States District Judge for the
Northern District of California, vice Cecil
F. Poole, elevated.
A. WALLACE TASHIMA, of California, to be
United States District Judge for the Central
District of California, vice Warren J. Ferguson, elevated.
JUSTIN L. QUACKENBUSH, of Washington, to
be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Washington, vice Marshall
A. Neill, deceased.
HELEN WILSON NIES, of Maryland, to be an
Associate Judge of the United States Court
of Customs and Patent Appeals, vice Donald
E. Lane, deceased.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released May 6, 1980
News conference: on the Democratic Party
primaries-by Press Secretary Jody Powell
Released May 7, 1980
Advance text: remarks at a ceremony marking
the inauguration of the Department of
Education
Released May 9, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Thelton E.
Henderson to be United States District
Judge for the Northern District of California
Announcement: nomination of Marilyn Hall
Patel to be United States District Judge for
the Northern District of California
Announcement: nomination of Judith Nelsen
Keep to be United States District Judge for
the Southern District of California
Announcement: nomination of A. Wallace
Tashima to be United States District Judge
for the Central District of California
Announcement: nomination of Justin L.
Quackenbush to be United States District
Judge for the Eastern. District of Washington
Advance text: address before the World Affairs Council of Philadelphia
ACTS APPROVED
BY THE PRESIDENT
Approved May 3, 1980
S. 2637 --- —---------- Public Law 96-241
An act to ensure that the compensation and
other emoluments attached to the office of
Secretary of State are those which were in
effect January 1, 1977.
Approved May 5, 1980
H.R. 4197 --- —------ Public Law 96-242
An act to amend the Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939 with respect to recycled
wool.
894
Week Ending Friday, May 16, 1980
Flag Day and National Flag
Week 1980
Proclamation 4757. May 12, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Two hundred and five years ago, in
June of 1775, the first distinctive American flags to be used in battle were hoisted
above the Colonial defenses at the Battle
of Bunker Hill. One of these flags was an
adaptation of the British "Blue Ensign."
The other was an entirely new design.
Both, however, bore one device in common-the pine tree-chosen to symbolize
the colonists' efforts to wrest their land
from the forests.
As the colonists moved toward a final
break with the mother country, other flags
with more pointed messages began to appear. Several featured ratttlesnakes, symbolizing vigilance and deadly striking
power, and were emblazoned with the
legends "Liberty or Death" and "Don't
Tread on Me."
On January 1, 1776, the Grand Union
flag was raised over Washington's Continental Army headquarters displaying
not only the British crosses of St. George
and St. Andrew but also thirteen red and
white stripes for the thirteen American
colonies. That same year, the Bennington
flag was unfurled, with thirteen stars,
thirteen stripes and the number "76."
But it was not until the following year
that the Continental Congress chose a flag
that more tellingly expressed the unity and
resolve of the Colonials who had banded
together to seek independence. On
June 14, 1777, two years after the Battle of
Bunker Hill, the delegates voted "that the
flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that
the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue
field representing a new constellation."
Today, thirty-seven stars and two centuries later, the flag chosen by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia continues to be our national flag and to symbolize our shared commitment to freedom
and equality.
To commemorate the adoption of our
flag, the Congress, by a joint resolution of
August 3, 1949 (63 Stat. 492), designated
June 14 of each year as Flag Day and requested the President to issue annually a
proclamation calling for its observance.
The Congress also requested the President, by joint resolution of June 9, 1966
(80 Stat. 194), to issue annually a proclamation designating the week in which
June 14 occurs as National Flag Week and
to call upon all citizens of the United
States to display the flag on those days.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
do hereby designate the week beginning
June 8, 1980, as National Flag Week, and
I direct the appropriate officials of the
Government to display the flag on all Government buildings during the week. I urge
all Americans to observe Flag Day,
June 14, and Flag Week by flying the Stars
and Stripes from their homes and other
suitable places.
To focus the attention of the American
people on their country's character, herit
895
May 12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
age and future well-being, the Congress
has also, by joint resolution of June 13,
1975, set aside the 21 days from Flag Day
through Independence Day as a period to
honor America (89 Stat. 211).
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twelfth day of May,
in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred
and eighty, and of the Independence of
the United States of America the two
hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:23 a.m., May 13, 1980]
President's Commission for the
Study of Ethical Problems in
Medicine and Biomedical and
Behavioral Research
Appointment of Frances Keesler Graham as
a Member. May 12, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of Frances Keesler Graham as
a member of the President's Commission
for the Study of Ethical Problems in
Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral
Research.
Graham is a professor in the departments of psychology and pediatrics at the
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine. She replaces Fritz Redlich, resigned.
Secretary of State Muskie's Trip
to Vienna
Exchange With Reporters on the Secretary's
Departure. May 13, 1980
Q. Mr. Secretary, what do you hope to
learn from our NATO Allies?
SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, first of all,
I'd like to make some points clear. I'm
very happy that this first trip abroad is a
trip to NATO, which I happen to believe
is the bedrock of our foreign policy.
Secondly, I'm delighted to be participating in a meeting with the defense ministers of NATO. This is the first meeting,
as I understand it, of our Foreign Ministers and a Secretary of State with the
Defense Ministers. This was President
Carter's suggestion, and I think it has the
effect of underscoring the importance we
attach to a consistent and unified policy
toward the Soviet Union with respect to
Afghanistan. Obviously, what's involved
is our defense posture as well as our foreign policy.
The meeting in Vienna, which really is
designed to celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Austria's independence, gives us an unusual opportunity to engage in bilateral
talks with our counterparts in our NATO
countries and also, of course, the meeting
with Mr. Gromyko.
With respect to that, which has somehow emerged as a centerpiece of this trip,
I don't really expect any substantive
agreements to emerge out of that meeting, but I think it will serve the purpose
of opening and continuing communications, which I think is vital. And secondly, it gives each side an opportunity to
express its concerns about developments
since the Afghanistan invasion. It does not
reflect any change in our policy. I think
the initiative rests with the Soviet Union,
and we are interested as a government in
pursuing arms control and other issues of
mutual interest, but the initiative clearly
rests on the Soviet Union as a result of the
Afghanistan invasion.
So, all of these give me an unexpectedly early opportunity to plunge into the
896
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 13
waters of the cold Atlantic in foreign
policy.
Q. What do you mean, rests clearly
with the Soviet Union? You mean that
they have to pull the troops out of Afghanistan before there's any dialog?
SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, I think the
purpose of the dialog is to explore the
possibilities for the Soviet Union to carry
its burden. It may not agree with me, but
it has that burden. My responsibility and
my conviction is that we must make it
clear to them that that burden rests on
their shoulders.
Q. Is it part of your responsibility to
see that the allies don't find themselves
on separate sides in the Middle East peace
negotiating process from the United
States?
SECRETARY MUSKIE. Well, I think
it's-[inaudible]-I am sure that issue will
arise and be discussed, and I would hope
that they can be persuaded to permit the
Camp David process to continue. We are
determined to continue it. We are coming
to grips with the tough issues now, really
for the first time. I think it would be a
very poor time to in any way divert attention from that process. The pressures are
on both sides, both Israel and Egypt now,
to come to grips with these tough issues
and to resolve them. And without that
pressure-and any diversion which would
or could relieve it-without that pressure,
they are likely to minimize the possibility
of agreement. And I don't know of any
other course of action, any other policy
direction or any other initiative that could
get us as close as we now are with the
tough issues which have stood between us
in a final resolution of the autonomy issue.
Q. Mr. President, are you concerned
that our allies may be backing off their
commitment to us to help us in Iran?
THE PRESIDENT. That's one of the
issues that Secretary Muskie will be discussing with the allies. They have announced publicly and informed us directly that they will carry out the sanction
commitments against Iran, pending some
major breakthrough in the release of the
hostages, and we expect our allies to keep
their commitments to us.
Q. When did they phone you? Yesterday?
THE PRESIDENT. No, after they had
their previous meeting.
Q. Oh, so you're holding them to
their-that's about 2 weeks, 3 weeks?
THE PRESIDENT. That's correct.
Q. Does it make it tougher, if they don't
keep their commitment, does it make it
tougher for us?
THE PRESIDENT. Obviously, the more
united the allies are in having a commitment to have the hostages released, the
better off it is for us and for the hostages
and for the future of Iran. It's important
that the world know that those nations
in the United Nations Security Council
who voted for the sanctions if the hostages
should not be released, would carry out
their commitment, and they've reconfirmed that to us.
Obviously, each country has to decide
exactly the level of sanctions to be maintained, but the more compatible the sanctions are among the allies with the U.N.
resolution originally that they did support, obviously the better off we are.
Q. Could I ask you about these whispers you hear from Europe that they may
be backing off?
Q. What we don't understand is the
fact that they seem to be pulling away.
You don't think so, is that
897
May 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. We'll know more
when Secretary Muskie does his job in
Europe.
[Speaking to Secretary Muskie] Good
luck to you, and God bless you.
NOTE: The exchange began at 7:53 a.m. on the
South Grounds of the White House. Prior to his
departure, Secretary Muskie met with the
President in the Oval Office.
Implementation of the Civil
Service Reform Act
Statement on Receiving the Report of the
Comptroller General. May 13,1980
I am pleased to receive Comptroller
General Elmer Staats' first annual evaluation of the Federal Government's success
in implementing the Civil Service Reform
Act. I am pleased, too, that this independent study, required by the Congress, reveals that excellent progress is being made
and that implementation is on schedule.
During the past 18 months, the Office
of Personnel Management, under the
leadership of Director Alan K. Campbell,
has worked vigorously with Federal departments and agencies to make the provisions of the reform act permanent features of the Federal service. As the Comptroller General points out, "It will take
several years for all the central features
of civil service reform to be in place." But
he also notes the excellent achievements
that have already been made.
The Senior Executive Service is operating successfully. Over 98 percent of eligible Federal officials have accepted membership voluntarily. New performance appraisal and merit pay systems are in place
or under design throughout the Government. Women and minorities are achieving measurable gains in Federal
employment. The Office of Personnel
Management is undertaking its new leadership role to help us conquer inflation by
improving public sector productivity and
management at all jurisdictional levels.
While the overall report is very favorable, it also properly alerts us to potential
problems embodied in the reforms. I have
asked Scotty Campbell to examine these
areas of concern and, specifically, to take
a hard look at the values and costs of the
expanded early retirement options in the
legislation. I am confident that OPM will
continue its efforts to decentralize personnel management authority to meet the
needs of individual agencies, while maintaining vigorous oversight to ensure that
agencies do not use this authority in violation of the prohibited personnel practices
enumerated in the act.
I want to thank Mr. Staats and the
staff of the General Accounting Office for
this objective, comprehensive, and insightful report. It is most helpful to me,
as I am sure it is to the Congress and the
rest of the Federal Government. I also
want to thank the thousands of men and
women throughout the Government who
worked so hard in 1979 to make good on
the promise of civil service reform.
On introducing this legislation, I
pledged that civil service reform would
be the centerpiece of my efforts to make
the Federal Government more efficient,
more effective, and more responsive to
the American people. On the basis of this
fine report, I am convinced that these
goals are being achieved.
Budget Rescission and Deferrals
Message to the Congress. May 13, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a
898
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 13
proposal to rescind $9.0 thousand in
budget authority previously provided by
the Congress and two new deferrals of
budget authority totalling $19.8 million.
The rescission proposal affects the National Alcohol Fuels Commission. The
deferrals involve the Departments of
Commerce and Justice.
The details of the rescission proposal
and the deferrals are contained in the
attached reports.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 13,1980.
NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission
and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL
REGISTER of May 16, 1980.
Father's Day, 1980
Proclamation 4758. May 13, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Each year, this Nation sets aside a
special day to recognize, honor and celebrate the contributions America's fathers
make to the well-being of our families and
our society.
Father's Day is a time for all of us to
remember and reflect on the unselfish
sacrifices, the support and the guidance
our fathers give us-physically, mentally
and spiritually. It is a day, too, when we
should share with them what they so willingly share with us and display our love
and gratitude for the security and strength
they provide.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby request that Sunday, June 15,
1980, be observed as Father's Day. I direct
Government officials to display the flag of
the United States on all Government
buildings, and I urge all citizens to display
the flag at their homes and other suitable
places on that day.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this thirteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the
two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
3:19 p.m., May 13, 1980]
United States Ambassador to
Sierra Leone
Nomination of Theresa Ann Healy.
May 13, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Theresa Ann Healy, of
McLean, Va., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States to Sierra Leone. She would replace John Linehan, resigned.
Healy has been Deputy Chief of Mission in Wellington since 1977 and has
been a Foreign Service officer since 1955.
She was born July 14, 1932, in New
York City. She received a B.A. from St.
John's University in 1954.
After joining the Foreign Service in
1955, Healy was posted in Naples, Milan,
Bern, and at the State Department. From
1967 to 1969, she was an intelligence research specialist at the State Department,
and from 1969 to 1972, she was an international economist.
From 1972 to 1974, Healy was political officer at USEC in Brussels. She at
899
May 13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tended the National War College in
1974-75. From 1975 to 1976, she was
Senior Deputy Examiner in the State Department's Bureau of Personnel, and from
1976 to 1977, she was a management analyst officer in that office.
United States Ambassador to
Costa Rica
Nomination of Francis J. McNeil.
May 13, 1980
The President today announced that
he will nominate Francis J. McNeil, of
Lake Worth, Fla., to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the
United States to Costa Rica. He would
replace Marvin Weissman, who has been
appointed Ambassador to Bolivia.
McNeil has been a Senior Inspector
in the Office of the Inspector General at
the State Department since 1978 and has
been a Foreign Service officer since 1956.
He was born March 3, 1932, in Pittsburgh, Pa. He received a B.A. from the
University of Florida in 1954 and served
in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956.
McNeil joined the Foreign Service in
1956 and was posted in Tokyo, Guatemala, Nagoya, and at the U.S. Mission
to the Organization of American States
(OAS). In 1971-72 he was a visiting fellow at the Institute of Political Studies
and the Hoover Institution at Stanford
University.
From 1972 to 1974, McNeil was Alternate U.S. Representative to the OAS,
and from 1974 to 1975, he was Acting
Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative
to the OAS.
From 1975 to 1977, McNeil was counselor for political affairs in Madrid. From
1977 to 1978, he was Deputy Assistant
Secretary of State for Inter-American
Affairs.
Interview With the President
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Editors and Broadcasters. May 13, 1980
ADMINISTRATION POLICIES
THE PRESIDENT. I would like to outline
for you very briefly some of the issues that
I am facing today.
I sent the new Secretary of State, Ed
Muskie, off to Europe this morning. He'll
be confirming our commitment to a strong
NATO. He'll be discussing the issues that
our nations face together with the European allies: how to deal with the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan, how to keep their
support for us in obtaining the release and
the protection of our hostages, how to
deal with the very sensitive issue of bringing peace to the Mideast, and other similar matters concerning defense and
diplomacy.
We have, domestically, a very important agenda now underway in the Congress, with the control of oil imports
through the imposition of a conservation
fee, which is now being tested both in the
courts and in the Congress, which it is extremely important to our country to maintain; secondly, to deal with the economic
problems of our Nation, going from a
period of extremely high interest rates and
inflation rates with interest dropping
rapidly each week-and we hope and expect the inflation rate will be dropping
early in the summer, at least down to a
more moderate, but still too high a leveland the protection of the programs that
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
are designed specifically for minimizing
the adverse impact of a slower economy,
including the holding on to jobs of as
many Americans as possible. We've been
extremely successful this first 3 years in
providing additional jobs for Americans.
We want to protect the gains that we have
made against congressional encroachment.
We've got a crisis on our hands potentially in the food stamp legislation, both
authorization and appropriations for food
stamps. We need a clear signal from the
Congress of success in financing the
food stamp program by the 15th of May,
which is very soon. Otherwise we'll have
to start sending out notices very shortly
thereafter to the State administrative
offices that food stamps will be terminated. This could affect 21 million Americans who are dependent, at least partially,
on food stamps, and it would be a bureaucratic nightmare and at the same time
would very easily mean the dismantling
or partial dismantling of the administrative structure for delivering this service to
American people.
We have a commitment to deal with inflation on a continuing basis. It's absolutely imperative that we show courage
and persistence and self-discipline here in
Washington. This is an election year. A
lot of these decisions-concerning inflation, food stamps, concerning the oil conservation fee, the possible increase in the
gasoline tax-they are difficult to make,
and they must be made if we are to deal
successfully with the issues that confront
our Nation.
We are now approaching a time of decisionmaking on the refugee question from
Cuba and from Haiti. I'll be meeting with
my key advisers tomorrow to put the final
touches on our best approach to this difficult issue caused by the failure of the
Castro political and economic effort in
Cuba. This is a severe indictment of his
regime to have this many people trying to
escape from his country. He's apparently
using strong-arm methods to dissuade
many Cubans who want to escape from
the effects of his administration.
We will continue to deal with the refugee question humanely. It must be in accordance with the law, and it must be
in an orderly fashion. And of course, we
are dealing under a law that requires a
case-by-case assessment of each person
who comes to our country, either for
asylum or as a refugee, and the equitable
administration of the law is very important to us as well.
It would be a pleasure for me to have
your questions. I've tried to outline 8 or
10 issues very quickly, and we'll spend
the rest of the time together letting you
choose the subject.
QUESTIONS
MX MISSILE SYSTEM
Q. Mr. President, there is growing opposition in the State of Nevada to installing the MX missile system there. Will
the Federal Government build it there,
despite the fact that the citizens don't
want it there?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, our intention is
to build the MX system, part of which will
be in Nevada. We are going ahead with
our plans for this very vital strategic protection for our country. Historically in our
Nation, States have been receptive to defense establishments which provide for the
security of our Nation, and I believe that
when the issue is clearly understood by the
people of your State, and others involved, that they will be receptive to this
commitment.
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May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We are working as closely as possible,
both with the congressional delegation,
with your Governor, and others, to minimize any adverse effects that it might have
on the quality of life in Nevada. And we
continue to modify the design to accommodate that goal. But the paramount responsibility that I have as President, and
which is shared by the people of this whole
country, is for our Nation's security. We
cannot let our strategic weapons systems
become vulnerable, and without the MX
I believe that we will be vulnerable.
So, this is of paramount importance,
and I do intend to go forward with it.
STEEL IMPORTS
Q. Mr. President, on the subject of
steel-I'm from Pittsburgh, and there is
concern there. Granted, we are in a recessionary period now; steelworkers more
and more are being laid off. Now there is
a bit of a conflict. The administration says
that much of the problem facing steel was
steel-induced, from their own lack of initiative and modernizing. Steel says not
enough support from government. But beyond that, looking down the road, as we
try to grapple with steel imports-and
we're now around, say, about 18 percent
as far as steel imports are concernedlooking down the road 10 years from now,
we're in an age of interdependency.
Are we going to see the day when we're
going to be forced to import large amounts
of steel, maybe half of our needs? And if
we are, what is the impact going to be on
American society?
THE PRESIDENT. The answer is no. I
don't see any prospect of that at all. I
think with the trigger-price mechanism,
combined with the other legislation that
we've passed-the multilateral trade ne
gotiation bill, to expedite the resolution of
antidumping claims-we have made considerable progress in our country in the
last 2 years.
The first year that the trigger-price
mechanism was in effect, steel company profits, for instance, were magnified
60-fold. And we still have a substantially
lower level of imports from Europe and
Japan than we did when this common effort was hammered out between the Government, under me, and also the labor
and business representatives of the steel
industry.
In my opinion, we have also worked out
a much better relationship between Environmental Protection Agency and the
steel industry. The so-called bubble concept is a much more efficient and less expensive way to deal with the requirements
under laws passed by the Congress dealing
with air pollution and water pollution,
particularly air pollution in this instance.
And we've got an increase, as you know,
in prospect ahead with the recovery of our
economic system after we go through this
transition phase. The smaller automobiles
will minimize the amount of steel in each
car. The average weight, I think, has gone
down about 700 pounds per automobile.
But I noticed that Tom Murphy, with
General Motors, predicted this week that
we'll be back up to about 10Y2 million cars
being sold this year, which is almost up to
the level of the preceding years.
But I don't see any prospect for a longrange trend downward in the percentage
of steel in this country being produced by
American steelplants. The very difficult
transition phase to a more modern plant
and one that can comply with environmental standards is substantially over, and
the quality of American steelworkers and
the close relationship that we have be
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
tween government and the steel industry,
I think, bodes well for the future.
The last thing is that we were disappointed when U.S. Steel filed their antidumping suits, but we accommodated this
suit. And as you know, the Commerce Department and my administration has been
confirmed in its belief that there was a
basis for the antidumping suits. We believe that there will be an expeditious
resolution of these suits, much quicker
than would have been the case before the
MTN legislation was passed.
Q. That's from the Government side,
sir. From the industry side, have they
given you assurances?
THE PRESIDENT. No special assurances.
But I don't have any doubt that the steel
industry is committed to making progress
in the future.
PRESIDENT ANWAR AL-SADAT OF EGYPT
Q. Mr. President, could you give us an
early assessment of the meaning of President Sadat's consolidation actions in terms
of the Palestinian talks and in terms of
your administration's efforts to encourage
stability in that region?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. I talked to President Sadat early this morning, just after
he made his speech to the parliament outlining the new program that he has put
forward for the Government of Egypt. His
commitment is to democratize the Government of Egypt. One of the things that
he'll have is a much broader based cabinet, with 20 members, I understand, and
then I think about 30 provincial governors. General Ali, who has been a very
forceful and a very effective representative of Egypt in dealing with security matters, will be the chief negotiator in the
future.
And I asked President Sadat on the
phone this morning to make a quick decision to recommence the peace negotiations
with Israel. He assured me that he would
do so, and my belief is that he will make
an announcement tomorrow when he addresses his own parliament about his desire
to start the peace talks without further
delay.
FARM COMMODITY PRICES
Q, Mr. President, farmers in my area
are concerned that the price that they're
getting for their products at the market is
not keeping up with their production
costs. They say they're losing ground. Despite the agriculture movement's protest
here last spring, there doesn't seem to be
very much going on helping the farmer.
Do you think they're going to continue
losing ground? Do you think that the Government will assist them in some way?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, of course, we
have a very strong target price system and
support price system for most elementary
crops, basic crops. There's no doubt in my
mind that almost every farm organization
or farmer leader would agree that the
1977 agricultural act that went into effect
the 1st of October of that vear has been a
major step in the right direction. It has
minimized government intrusion into the
life of farmers; it increased substantially
the ability of farmers to store their own
crops on their farm, with government
loans to let them do so; and it's let the
farmers benefit from increased prices later,
after the harvest season, where the prices
are always depressed.
In addition to that, we've now built up
a substantial reservoir of farm-stored
grains, primarily, that can help us accommodate rapidly changing domestic and
foreign demands for grain.
903
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We will see in the future, I think, much
more efficient agricultural production.
We've got a long way to go in reducing the
amount of energy expended per acre and
per unit of crop produced, with more dependence on minimum tillage and more
dependence on solar heat to dry crops, for
instance.
In addition, we have passed basic legislation, seminal legislation to permit the
expansion of American exports. And even
this year, with the restraint on sales of
grain to the Soviet Union, we will again
set world records for total amounts of
American agricultural products exported.
I don't think there's any doubt that
year by year, with the increasing world
population and the decreasing amount of
land available for production, particularly
in other countries, that the strategic advantage of American agricultural production will become more and more apparent.
I see a bright prospect for farmers in the
future, both in continued efficiency of
American production and also in better
export possibilities for our products.
Q. But can you say under the present
system that the American farmer is getting
his equal share of the profit? Food prices
increase, yet the market price-[inaudible]-isn't.
THE PRESIDENT. I think, compared to
2 or 3 years ago, the farmer gets a lot
greater share of increased profits as farm
products go up and down on a seasonal
basis. In the past, the farmers-particularly the grain farmers-have had to sell
their crops because of a lack of farm
storage just at harvest time, and any increase in the price later on was channeled
into profits for the so-called middleman.
Now the farmers get a much better benefit therefrom, and I think the consumers
benefit also, because, as you know, when
prices go up there's always an exaggerated increase in consumer prices. When
farm prices go down, there's been a very
slow decrease in prices.
So, I would say yes, that the farmers
are getting a better portion of farm profits than they did 3 years ago. As a farmer,
I wouldn't think they get enough yet.
ROBERT L. VESCO
Q. Mr. President, the FBI has had
undercover agents operating in the Bahamas for several months attempting to
bring Robert L. Vesco back into U.S.
jurisdiction. I'd like to know if you are
aware of this and if they were operating
with your authorization.
THE PRESIDENT. Ever since I've been
in office, we've had a concerted effort
made to bring Vesco back to this country
for trial. This was particularly focused in
Costa Rica when he was there. When the
new President came into Costa Rica, Carazo, as you know, Vesco, in effect, had to
leave Costa Rica and went to the Bahamas.
We still are attempting, through every
legal means, to bring Vesco back here for
the administration of justice.
CUBAN AND HAITIAN REFUGEES
Q. Mr. President, being from Florida,
many people, especially in the black community, are still very upset as far as the
discrepancy that was shown towards the
Haitian refugees as compared to treatment of the Cuban refugees. How do we
stand on this now?
THE PRESIDENT. There's no doubt there
was a problem. The distinction, you know,
that's been drawn in the Federal courts
904
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
and under the U.S. law is that now, beginning several weeks ago, each case has to
be resolved on an individual basis:
whether or not the person is seeking asylum or is a political refugee, whether or
not the person has a family to whom he
or she comes, whether or not they would
suffer from political persecution if they
were returned to their original homeland.
Now we are resolving those issues on a
case-by-case basis, strictly in accordance
with the law and strictly on a balanced
and equitable basis. I don't think that this
has always been the case.
As you know, the new law only went
into effect this year. And the flood of Cuban refugees or asylees being brought here
by their family members and by boats that
are profiting from the refugees brought
in here has exacerbated an already very
difficult situation.
None of the Cubans being brought in,
I don't believe any-very few, if any-are
being given refugee status. They are
treated as people seeking asylum here.
They will be processed on a person-byperson basis and then their final determination of status will be resolved.
But I believe I can assure you without
any doubt that at this time, the Haitians
and Cubans are both being handled by the
American authorities on an equitable and
fair and equal basis, on a case-by-case basis
as far as their ultimate determination is
concerned, and strictly in accordance with
the American law.
PRESIDENT SADAT OF EGYPT
Q. I want to follow up on your talk
with Sadat. This country, in the past, has
run into problems when we've sort of put
all our eggs in one basket with a single
ruler, as with the Shah of Iran or someone
else. Is what Sadat is doing now a move
towards spreading the power so that after
he's gone, or if something should happen
to him, that there won't be some sort of
immediate reversal in Egypt? Is that the
sense of what that is?
THE PRESIDENT. Sadat has moved, as
you know, since he's been in office, particularly since I've known him, to give the
people of Egypt more and more voice in
their own affairs-in the election of members of parliament, in the establishment of
political parties, the open elections referenda on key issues, a new constitution.
And now this latest move is designed to set
up, in effect, a republican form of government, like the Republic of the United
States, with provincial governors who will
meet periodically to deal with national
affairs, representing their own provinces.
And I understand-I'm not sure about
this-but I understand that the members
of the cabinet will meet jointly with the
governors periodically. This will be under
the chairmanship of the Vice President of
Egypt. His name is Mubarak.
So, the trend in Egypt has been toward
more democracy and more decentralization of the government responsibilities.
Sadat is intending, I think, to play a
greater role in the administration of domestic programs in Egypt in the months
immediately ahead-more than he has in
the past. And I think this will make him
personally more responsible, more accountable for the successes or failure in
economics, for instance, and it'll make him
personally accountable, which he desires
to be, for the degree of democratization
carried out in Egypt.
Ultimately, Sadat will be the prime
negotiator, as I am in the United States,
905
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
but he has annointed General Ali-who's
a very good negotiator-to represent him.
So, I think it's a move in the right direction. I don't know the details of it, but
Sadat sent me a preview of what he was
going to propose by Ambassador Sol
Linowitz and then I had the conversation
this morning with Sadat after he made
his speech to the parliament.
PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL ASSESSMENT
Q. Mr. President, what are two or
three of the most serious errors you've
made since you've been in the White
House?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's hard toQ. I realize that's on the negative side.
THE PRESIDENT. It is, but I-it's hard
for me to say what the most serious ones
would have been. I think the lack of close
coordination with the Congress at the beginning to lay down a clear agenda and
my overoptimism about the speed with
which Congress could act on controversial
matters was the biggest misjudgment I
made. I never dreamed in April of 1977
that when I put forward to the country a
comprehensive energy policy and described it, I think accurately, as a moral
equivalent of war, that 3 years later we
would still be waiting for the final congressional action on that crucial element
of American societal structure.
We've made good progress, I believe,
in international affairs. In retrospect, our
overestimation of the Soviets' willingness
to accept a drastic cut in nuclear weapons;
probably misjudged their inclinationsand it delayed to some degree the SALT
II negotiations. Opening up China to
friendship, I think, was a very notable
achievement, and we've kept our friend
ship, as you know, at the same time with
Taiwan. In dealing with the Iranian hostage question, I don't know how we
could've done much differently from what
we have done. We were on the verge of
success several times.
It's just hard for me to go back and say
what was a mistake. I think if anybody
could redo history, you would know what
other people might have as a reaction better than if you were having to make judgments on a daily basis, looking to the
future without knowing what was going
to happen.
Ms. BARIO.1 Thank you, sir.
THE PRESIDENT. I'll take one more.
SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD
Q. Mr. President, Senator Byrd-I'm
from Martinsburg, West Virginia, where
we've had the pleasure of your company.
THE PRESIDENT. Yes, I know.
Q. Trailing you down one morning
at-[inaudible].
Senator Byrd had called for your
changing your Rose Garden strategy before you announced it, I believe, in one
of his weekend press conferences, and I
think he skipped a breakfast here at the
White House andTHE PRESIDENT. What was the last
thing you said?
Q. I had heard that he had skipped a
breakfast that he might have attended
and made a comment about he'd rather
eat with his wife. [Laughter] Is there a
problem with Senator Byrd? Is he mad
because you didn't tell him about what
was going on in Iran? Do you have a
breakdown with the Senate Majority
Leader?
1 Patricia Y. Bario, Deputy Press Secretary.
906
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
THE PRESIDENT. No, I had breakfast
with him this morning. [Laughter]
Q. I saw it was on your agenda.
Q. Was his wife there? [Laughter]
THE PRESIDENT. It was a very pleasant
meeting.
Senator Byrd has an open news conference, I think, almost every Saturday
morning, and he can't control the questions that are asked him by the press.
He has a perfect right to comment on the
way I conduct my own campaign. His
most recent advocation was that I conduct debates with Senator Kennedy during these last few weeks of the primary
season. I don't comment on how other
people conduct their own campaigns, and
I don't know whether Senator Byrd has
made a practice of having debates with
any challengers that he might have or not.
But the relationship between me and
Senator Byrd is very good. He's been
either the most or among the most effective allies that I have had in the Congress
in either House. I told Senator Byrd the
last time I met with him privately that
there was a general consensus in the
White House and in my Cabinet that the
strength of his commitment to issues
where we shared a common goal had been
a very inspirational thing to us and been
one of the most significant factors in the
success with which we have dealt on a
common basis with controversial and difficult matters before the Senate.
I think he's shown extremely effective
leadership. He's been a Majority Leader
admired by both Democrats and Republicans, and he has my admiration and my
appreciation. But there are times when he
makes a comment concerning how I conduct my own campaign or whether I take
a particular action on legislation with
which I don't always agree. And I'm sure
that I make statements at press conferences when it's unrehearsed, exchange
with reporters, that he might not always
find to his satisfaction. That's normal in
an open democratic process. But he's one
of the people in the Congress for whom I
have the most admiration and the most
appreciation, and he knows that I feel
that way.
Let me say in closing that I appreciate
your questions. They've been good and
stimulating, and I hope you've had a good
day with some of my staff members and
those who work with and advise me.
One of the things that Senator Byrd
and I both have in common is a great
commitment to the rapid expansion of the
coal-producing capability of our Nation
with a heavy emphasis on exports. Every
time I meet with a foreign leader from
France or Germany or Denmark or from
Japan or otherwise, I emphasize the almost unlimited potential in the future for
coal to become a major export item. And
we not only help ourselves in some of the
areas of our Nation that have been depressed because of bad public policy in
the past, but we also help to alleviate the
excessive dependence of our country and
other countries on the oil from the OPEC
nations.
So, I think on almost every issue Senator Byrd and I have found ourselves to
be in agreement. That's one of the items
on which we consult and work with exceptional closeness.
Thank you again.
NOTE: The interview began at 2:34 p.m. in
the Cabinet Room at the White House.
The transcript of the interview was released
on May 14.
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May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Department of Health and
Human Services
Remarks at Inauguration Ceremonies for the
Department. May 14,1980
It's a beautiful seal. It's a seal that epitomizes, in my opinion, what the life of
Pat Harris means to me as President and
to our country and to this Department.
The wings of an eagle: aggressive, confident, proud, sheltering those who are
young, the aged, the disadvantaged, and
the poor. It's an inseparable commitment,
one that gives us all a justifiable sense of
pride.
On the way over here from the White
House, Louis Martin 1 was pointing out
to me that Pat Harris and you administer
the third largest budget in the world. The
entire United States budget is the largest;
the budget of the Soviet Union is second;
and the budget of your new department
is the third. And as I met Pat in the
reception room just adjacent to this room,
she pointed out how impressed foreign
leaders are when she tells them and audiences in foreign countries that more than
one-third of the total budget of the United
States of America goes for human services, to improve the life of the families
who are dependent on this new department.
To those of you who are the fellow workers of Pat and me in this new
department, I want to say that I'm
grateful for this day. Today is one of
celebration. It's a day of rededication as
we inaugurate the new Department of
Health and Human Services.
The reorganization of the former De'Special Assistant to the President.
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare brings a new focus and also will bring
new energies to our struggle against poverty, disease, and inequality. It's a time to
renew our drive toward goals which are
conceived in the heart and the conscience
of our country. Today is a time for reflection, to recall the many accomplishments
that we've shared in the past, and to remember that our struggle will constantly
challenge our imagination and our commitmnent.
Forty months ago I came into office
representing a commitment by the American people of both compassion and competence, with the belief that these two are
inseparable if government is to serve people effectively. I grew up in a region, as
did many of you, which was transformed
dramatically by this partnership between
government and people. In the 1930's, the
days of the Great Depression, and in the
1960's, I saw, perhaps more than most,
the lives and the hopes of people enriched beyond all expectations by actions
of the Federal Government.
I was raised by a registered nurse, my
mother, who for a lifetime has devoted her
talents and her commitments to caring for
other people. I remember when I was a
child, and when I was an adult as well,
that often she would share her own frustrations with me about the inadequate
health care and how manyv lives were cut
short by common diseases that could not
or would not then be prevented. I remember the mortal dangers, when I was a child
in Georgia, of diseases like diphtheria and
polio and typhus and typhoid, diseases that
are now, for most people, only dim memories, because of our medical advances and
because of the preventive programs by the
Public Health Service. The immunization
908
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
programs 3 years ago were not effective.
Dramatic progress has been made by you.
My mother was also deeply conscious of
the need for progress in making social
changes that needed to be made in our
part of the country and throughout the
Nation to end racial discrimination. We've
only to look at the improvements in everyday American life in the past 40 or 50
years to appreciate how far we have come
and how much the programs of this department, and others with the same client
families, have helped. I came into office
pledged to sustain that progress, and I will
continue to carry out that commitment
along with you.
Compared to the last budget of my
predecessor in the White House, Federal
aid to education, for instance, in our 1981
request, is 73-percent higher; spending for
public jobs in the CETA program, administered by the Labor Department, is more
than doubled, and the great majority of
those jobs now reach those who are most
disadvantaged. We've nearly tripled
spending for the National Health Service
Corps, and increased by half the spending
for community health, family planning,
Indian health, and disease prevention programs. We've increased aid to mass transit
programs by two-thirds; doubled economic development aid grants; increased
spending for subsidized housing by more
than 75 percent; and doubled spending
for the food stamps program. In many
departments, dealing with the same families who are primarily dependent on you,
we've made this broad progress, of which
we can all be proud.
Before I took office, the 1976 budget
request for women, infants, and children
totaled only $142 million. Our 1981 re
quest for this program is $860 million.
And our 1981 request for those combined
programs, and for child nutrition, totals
more than $4 billion.
This kind of progress, in tangible, financial terms, is often overlooked or even
forgotten by those who are directly responsible for the evolution of budgets and the
carrying out of the opportunities financed
by the budgets. These budget figures show
clearly, along with the programs that they
finance, that we will never turn our backs
on the poor or the disadvantaged; that
even during difficult economic times,
when budget restraints are very profound
and when severe fiscal constraints must be
maintained, we will always maintain our
commitment to social and to economic
justice.
In doing this, I might point out, not
parenthetically, we have the overwhelming support of the American people. Your
programs are popular with the American
taxpayers, as well as with those who are
not yet able to earn income adequate for
the payment of taxes. Despite the call by a
few who would want to turn the clock
back, Americans have absolutely no intention of throwing away the hard-earned
gains of the elderly and the afflicted and
the disadvantaged.
We are fully committed also to reduced
dependency on the government by those
who are able to become self-sufficient,
with your help. There's nothing that
brightens a person's life more than to
know that one's own talent or ability has
been nurtured and developed to such an
extent that that dependency is a thing of
the past.
Our challenge, especially in this new
department, is to build on our progress.
909
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
We still have a long way to go, and we face
more years of hard work. We must realize
that for a needy family there is no way to
separate the problems of unmet health,
welfare, hunger, housing, safety, employment, education. transportation, cultural,
or social needs. We cannot build a wall
around any particular Federal agency to
the exclusion of those other agencies who
deal with that same person or that same
family. And the breaking down of these
formerly extant boundaries is a notable
achievement of all of you who have served
so well in the recent years and the recent
months.
Your close relationship with constituency groups so that you have a way to assess how good a job you are doing in delivering necessary services, is crucial. And
there must never be any isolation of that
person whom you serve from a real live
role in shaping the policies and improving
the delivery of services for which you are
responsible.
We must reform our welfare system. We
must redouble our drive against youth unemployment. We must develop a comprehensive national health plan. Many other
items are on the agenda which we face together for the future.
Just as fundamental, we must renew the
strength and the productivity of an economy that has given us so much and which
is challenged now. We've neglected for too
long our ability to produce ever more efficiently. The productivity of American
workers is the highest on Earth, a factor
we often forget. The rate of increase of
productivity in our country, however, is
exceeded in many other countries. The
restoration of that productivity growth
is a challenge which we share.
We ignored too long energy problems,
chronic inflation problems, as if they were
someone else's problems to solve. As we
renew our economy, remember that we do
not seek simply more wealth but a better
life for all and a new capacity to provide
for basic human needs.
We must seek new approaches to solve
the difficult problems that remain. In five
decades, we've succeeded dramatically
in solving problems that once reduced
people to a hard, mean existence. To make
further progress is our challenge today.
When Lyndon Johnson was launching
the Great Society in 1964, he said this to
his Cabinet, and I quote: "... as a Government, we must get the most out of
every dollar of scarce resources, reforming old programs and using those savings
for new programs...." We have an even
greater responsibility for that today. We
must sustain and improve those programs
that brought us this far, but also add new
approaches to carry us further. We must
be forever restless, never satisfied, and innovative-not afraid to try new ideas.
We must have a coordinated effort between government at all levels and between private institutions of all kinds.
That coordination is important, but there
is one group of Americans who must retain the lead: That group is you.
The programs in this new department
and elsewhere are the only refuge for
many millions of Americans. Their sustenance, their hopes, their dreams for the
future depend greatly on how faithfully
and effectively we adapt to change and
thus carry out our commitment to them.
Hubert Humphrey once said, "The
moral test of government is how that government treats those who are in the dawn
910
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
of life-the children; those who are in the
twilight of life-the elderly; and those in
the shadows of life-the sick, the needy,
and the unemployed." That moral test is
the challenge of this new department, and
I both congratulate you on this day and
pledge that together you and I will redouble our efforts to meet that noble challenge expressed so well by Hubert
Humphrey.
Thank you very much. God bless you
all.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:27 a.m. in
the Hubert H. Humphrey Building auditorium.
Prior to his remarks, the President and Secretary of Health and Human Services Patricia
Roberts Harris unveiled the Department's new
seal.
National Cancer Advisory Board
Appointment of Six Members. May 14, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of six persons as members of
the National Cancer Advisory Board.
They are:
ROBERT C. HICKEY, executive vice president
and director, professor of surgery, and a
practicing surgeon at the University of Texas
M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor
Institute;
J. GALE KATTERHAGEN, a Tacoma, Wash.,
physician and director of the Department of
Oncology at Tacoma General Hospital;
ROSE KUSHNER, executive director of the
Breast Cancer Advisory Center, and author
of numerous books and articles about breast
cancer and other medical and general
subjects;
ANN LANDERS, the syndicated columnist;
LASALLE D. LEFFALL, JR., professor and chairman of the Department of Surgery at Howard University College of Medicine;
WILLIAM E. POWERS, professor of radiation
oncology at Wayne State University School
of Medicine and director of the Central Radiation Therapy Facility at Detroit Medical
Center.
Federal National Mortgage
Association
Appointment of Five Members of the Board
of Directors. May 14, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of five persons as members of
the Board of Directors of the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA).
They are:
DARRALYN C. BOWERS, of Detroit, executive
vice president of Bowers Realty. She is chairman of the Black Caucus of the National
Association of Realtors and serves on the
Detroit Civic Center Commission and the
Faculty of Realtors, National Marketing Institute Division of the National Association
of Realtors.
MARVIN S. GILMAN, of Wilmington, Del., executive vice president of Leon N. Weiner &
Associates and an associate professor of urban affairs and public policy at the University of Delaware. Gilman is active in the
National Association of Home Builders and
has served on the board of the National
Committee against Discrimination in Housing. He has been on the FNMA board since
1977.
HENRY A. HUBSCHMAN, of Washington, D.C.,
an attorney with the Washington firm of
Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Kampelman.
He was previously executive assistant to
then-Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Patricia Roberts Harris. Hubschman has served on the FNMA board since
1979.
RAYMOND H. LAPIN, of Sausalito, Calif., president and chairman of the board of R. H.
Lapin Co., of San Francisco, a mortgage
finance firm. He served as first President
and Chairman of the Board of FNMA and
presided over the semi-privatization of
FNMA in 1968. He also served as President
of the Government National Mortgage Association in 1968.
911
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
ROBERT H. MCKINNEY, of Indianapolis, an
attorney and chairman of the First Federal
Savings and Loan Association of Indianapolis. He is chairman and chief executive
officer of Jefferson Corporation and a number of its subsidiaries. McKinney was Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board
from 1977 to 1979.
Corporation for Public
Broadcasting
Message to the Congress Transmitting a
Report. May 14, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
I hereby transmit the "Annual Report
of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting for FY 1979," in accordance with the
Public Telecommunications Financing
Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-567).
The Corporation's thorough report presents its major accomplishments during
the past fiscal year in support of public
radio and television broadcasting, technological change including satellite advances, and achievements in human resource development. The report notes the
Corporation's vigorous response to the
challenge provided by the Public Telecommunications Financing Act of 1978.
The Annual Report is being forwarding for the deliberations of the Congress.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 14, 1980.
Cuban Refugees
Remarks to Reporters Announcing
Administration Policy Toward the Refugees.
May 14, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to make a statement to you and to the Nation about the
extremely critical problem with the Cuban
citizens who are escaping from their country and coming to our shores in a very
haphazard and dangerous way.
Tens of thousands of Cubans are fleeing the repression of the Castro regime
under chaotic and perilous conditions.
Castro himself has refused to permit them
a safe and orderly passage to the United
States and to other countries who are also
willing to receive them. Repeated international efforts to resolve this crisis have
been rejected or ignored by the Cuban
Government. At least seven people have
died on the high seas. The responsibility
for those deaths and the threat of further
loss of life rests on the shoulders of Fidel
Castro, who has so far refused to cooperate with us, with those escaping his regime, or with other countries in establishing a legal and orderly procedure for
dealing with this Cuban problem.
In keeping with the laws and traditions
of our own country, the United States has
provided a safe haven for many of these
people who have arrived on our shores.
Since the beginning of this crisis we have
been operating under three basic principles: first, to treat the escaping Cubans
with decency, fairness, and humanity;
second, to observe and to enforce the existing United States law; and third, to
work with other countries and with international organizations to develop an
orderly and legal solution to this very painful human dilemma. That is still our
fundamental approach.
But now we must take additional steps
to end Cuba's inhumane actions and to
bring safety and order to a process that
continues to threaten lives. Therefore we
will implement a five-point program to
permit safe and orderly passage from
912
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
Cuba for those people who sought freedom in the U.S. Interest Section in Havana, first of all; for political prisoners
who have been held by Castro for many
years; for those who sought a haven of
freedom in the Peruvian Embassy, some of
whom are still being held there; and for
close family members of Cuban Americans
who live in this country and who have
permanent resident status. Those four
categories will be given priority in their
authorization to come to our country.
First, we are ready to start an airlift
and a sealift for these screened and qualified people to come to our country, and
for no other escapees from Cuba. We will
provide this airlift and sealift to our country and to other countries as well, just as
soon as the Cubans accept this offer. The
U.S. Government will have aircraft ready
and will immediately charter ships-one
of which will be standing by in Key
West-to bring the first group of Cubans,
after they are screened, to our country.
These ships and the Key West planes will
be ready to go to Cuba to receive properly
screened Cubans for entry to the United
States and to other countries, to help in
their resettlement.
To ensure legality and order, all people
will have to be screened before departure
from Cuba. We will work with the Congress, the Cuban American community,
interested nations, and the Cuban Government to determine the total number of
people that we will receive, both on a
monthly basis and during the next 12
months.
Second, tomorrow we will open a family
registration center in Miami, and later
perhaps in other communities, to begin
receiving the names of people who are
eligible for immigration to our Nation be
cause they are close members of Cuban
American families who have permanent
residence here.
Third, the Coast Guard is now communicating with all boats who are en
route to Cuba and those in Mariel Harbor
in Cuba, to urge them to return to the
United States without accepting additional passengers. No new trips to Cuba
by these unauthorized boats should be
started. Those who comply with this request or command will have nothing to
fear from the law, but we will ensure that
the law is obeyed. Persons who violate this
requirement and who violate U.S. immigration custom laws by traveling to
Cuba to pick up additional passengers
will be subject to civil fines and to
criminal prosecution. Furthermore, boats
used to bring people unlawfully to this
country will be seized. I have directed the
various law enforcement agencies to take
additional steps as necessary to assure that
this policy and the law are obeyed.
Fourth, in an unprecedented and irresponsible act, Castro has taken hardened criminals out of prison and forced
some of the boatowners who have gone
to Cuba from our country to bring these
criminals back to the United States. Thus
far over 400 such persons have been detained. I have instructed the Attorney
General to commence exclusion proceedings immediately for these criminals and
others who represent any danger to our
country. We will ask also appropriate international agencies to negotiate their return to Cuba.
These steps are fully consistent with
the consensus which was reached by 22
nations and 7 international organizations
in the San Jose Conference on May 8 this
last week. In addition, the Secretary of
913
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
State will continue consultation with other
nations to determine additional steps that
the international community can take to
resolve this problem. We will seek the help
of the United Nations, the Organization
of American States, and other international organizations as well.
The Cuban American community has,
of course, contributed much to Miami, to
Florida, and to our own country. I respect
the deep desire to reunite divided families.
In the interest of that great and valiant
ethnic community and in the interest of
our country, we will continue to work
closely with the Cuban American community to bring about a safe and orderly
resolution of this crisis.
I continue to be greatly concerned
about the treatment of Haitians who have
also come to this country recently on small
boats. I've instructed all appropriate Federal agencies to treat the Haitians now
here in the same, exact, humane manner
as we treat Cubans and others who seek
asylum in this country. Our laws never
contemplated and do not adequately provide for people coming to our shores directly for asylum the way the Cubans and
the Haitians have done recently. I will
work closely with the Congress to formulate a long-term solution to this problem
and to determine the legal status of the
boat people once this current emergency
is under control.
Now the Attorney General and Stu Eizenstat, Jack Watson and others will be
available to answer your specific questions
about this new policy, an approach which
I think will be successful in resolving this
dilemma.
REPORTER. Sir, will you take a question?
Do you thinkTHE PRESIDENT. Sarah [Sarah McClendon, McClendon News Service], I'll take
one question.
Q. this will be a damaging issue in
the campaign?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know about
how it will affect the campaign. We've
had this as a very serious problem now for
several weeks. We've tried to deal with it
in accordance with our laws, with custom,
with traditions, and of course in a humane
fashion, and also have tried to work, both
with Castro, unsuccessfully, and with
other nations and international organizations. We've done the best we could.
This is a much firmer and more consistent approach, and in my judgment, after
advising with all of my Cabinet advisers
involved and with the international organizations as well and with the Congress,
I believe this will resolve this problem in
a legal, orderly, safe, humane, and proper
fashion.
Q. Do you think that Castro will go
along with it?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't have that
assurance.
Q. But if he doesn't go along with it it's
stopped, period?
THE PRESIDENT. We'll carry out our
part of the policy as I described it.
NOTE: The President spoke at 4:35 p.m. in
the Briefing Room at the White House.
Following the President's remarks, Attorney
General Benjamin R. Civiletti, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic
Affairs and Policy, and Jack H. Watson, Jr.,
Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, held a news conference on the Cuban refugee policy.
Cuban Refugees
White House Statement on the Administration
Policy Toward the Refugees. May 14, 1980
After consultations with senior advisers
and with Congress, and in the spirit of the
914
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 14
San Jose Conference, the President has
decided to take the following steps to welcome the Cuban refugees in a legal and
orderly process:
1. We are prepared to start an airlift
or a sealift immediately as soon as President Castro accepts this offer. Our
Government is chartering two large, seaworthy ships, which will go to Key West
to stand by, ready to go to Cuba. To ensure a legal and orderly process, all people
will have to be screened before departure
from Cuba. Priority will be given to political prisoners, to close relatives of U.S.
permanent residents, and to persons who
sought freedom in the Peruvian Embassy
and in our Interest Section last month. In
the course of our discussions with the Congress and with the Cuban American community, the international community, and
the Cuban Government, we will determine the number of people to be taken
over the next 12 months. We will fulfill
our humanitarian responsibilities, and we
hope other governments will adjust their
previous pledges to resettle Cuban refugees to take into account the larger problem that has developed. This will provide
a safe and orderly way to accommodate
Cubans wishing to enter the United
States.
2. Tomorrow, we will open a Family
Registration Office in Miami to receive
the names of close Cuban relatives of U.S.
permanent residents who will be eligible
for immigration.
3. The Coast Guard is now communicating with these vessels illegally enroute
to or from Cuba and those already in
Mariel Harbor to tell them to return to
the United States without taking Cubans
on board. If they follow this directive,
they have nothing to fear from the law.
We will do everything possible to stop
these illegal trips to Cuba. We will take
the following steps to ensure that the law
is obeyed:
(a) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) will continue to issue
notices of intent to fine those unlawfully
bringing Cubans to this country. As fines
become due, they will be collected.
(b) All vessels currently and unlawfully
carrying Cubans to this country will
henceforth be seized by the Customs
Service.
(c) Anyone who tampers with or seeks
to move a ship to Cuba which has been
seized will be subject to separate criminal
prosecution.
(d) The Coast Guard will continue to
review each vessel that returns to the
United States for violations of boat safety
law. Those found to be in gross violation
of the law will be subject to criminal
prosecution and additional fines. Furthermore, boats which are found to be safety
hazards will be detained.
(e) Any individual who has been notified by INS for unlawfully bringing Cubans into the country and who makes
another trip will be subject to criminal
prosecution, and the boat used for such a
repeat trip will be seized for forfeiture
proceedings.
(f) Law enforcement agencies will take
additional steps, as necessary, to implement this policy and to discourage the unlawful boat traffic to Cuba.
4. Castro has taken hardened criminals
out of prison and mental patients out of
hospitals and has forced boatowners to
take them to the United States. Thus far,
over 400 such prisoners have been de
915
May 14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
tained. We will not permit our country
to be used as a dumping ground for criminals who represent a danger to our
society, and we will begin exclusion proceedings against these people at once.
5. These steps will make clear to the
Government of Cuba our determination
to negotiate an orderly process. This is the
mission of the three-government delegation established by the San Jose Conference last week. Our actions are intended
to promote an international solution to
this problem. We intend to continue our
consultations with the participants of the
San Jose Conference and consider additional steps the international community
shouLld take to resolve this problem.
In summary, the United States will welcome Cubans, seeking freedom, in accordance with our laws, and we will pursue
every avenue to establish an orderly and
regular flow.
The President continues to be greatly
concerned about the Haitians who have
been coming to this country on small
boats. He has instructed appropriate Federal agencies to receive the Haitians in the
same manner as others seeking asylum.
However, our laws never contemplated
and do not provide adequately for people
coming to our shores in the manner the
Cubans and Haitians have. We will work
closely wvith the Congress to formulate a
long-term solution to this problem and to
determine the legal status of these "boat
people" after the current emergency situation is controlled.
The Cuban American community has
contributed much to Miami, the State of
Florida, and to our country. The President understands the deep desire to reunite families which has led to this
situation. He calls upon the Cuban American community to end the boat flotilla
and help bring about a safe and orderly
resolution to this crisis.
Small Business Week, 1980
Remarks on Receiving the Report of the White
House Commission on Small Business and
Presenting the Small Business Person Awards.
May 15, 1980
First of all, I want to thank Chairman
Arthur Levitt and our Small Business Administration Director, Vernon Weaver,
Congressman Neal Smith and other representatives of the Congress who are here,
and all those participants who have joined
with us on this very exciting and beautiful,
and, I think, inspirational occasion.
There are times when I look upon the
small business community with a great
deal of-not only fond affection and
memories but with yearning. [Laughter]
And then I remember the accounts receivables and the equipment broken down in
the midst of a crisis and the struggle to
balance books at the end of the month,
and I see all the advantages again of being
a President of our great country.
[Laughter]
There's no doubt in my mind that the
small business conference and the way it
was handled has been one of the major
forces in strengthening the American
economy and our free enterprise system.
As a small businessman myself, I saw before entering national politics a great need
for us to reassess the tremendous assets
available to our Nation in the small business community, in all its breadth, and
also to resolve some of the problems that
916
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 15
have afflicted us for too long: restraints
on the dynamism that's inherent within
the entrepreneurial system, where we
value innovation and the independence
but the collective strength of those engaged in small business.
In 1977, after talking to Senator Nelson
and to Neal Smith and others, I issued an
Executive order establishing the procedure for the Small Business White House
Conference. And following that, under the
leadership of those who are assembled
here with me, there were meetings and
forums and discussions held in all of the
50 States, and of course in some of the territories as well. They led up to a very carefully prepared conference. And now this
report to me, just delivered by the Chairman, contain, I understand, 60 recommendations, which will be assessed very
carefully, some of which are already being
pursued for consummation.
This report will be a milestone, and
there's no doubt in my mind that at the
end of this assessment period, when we are
working together, not only with those assembled here but with the Congress and
the other members of the business and labor community in our country, that we'll
come back in 1982 with a good assessment
of dynamism and progress. I expect to be
here to participate in that assessment,
hopefully not as a small businessman.
[Laughter] But who knows? That's a judgment for the American people to make.
I wanted to take a few minutes to express to you, from the perspective of the
Oval Office just to my right, some of the
changes that are taking place very rapidly
in the American economy, because all of
you are part of it.
Just a few months ago it became ob
vious to me that the intense pressures of
rapidly rising inflation and interest rates
were crippling the American economy.
Early in March, after meeting extensively
with a large number of the key congressional leaders, we embarked upon an antiinflation program whose implications had
very far-reaching potential effect. The
Congress urged me, for instance, to take
these steps, and we jointly agreed. The
pressures of a political election year are
now working counter to the realization of
those common commitments. But in spite
of that we've made good progress.
We've seen a precipitous drop in recent
days and weeks in interest rates. The bond
market has been reestablished in its stable
condition with a maximum degree of integrity. Some interest rates are actually
lower now, as you know, than they were 12
months ago; and others are coming down
quite rapidly. Mortgage interest rates, the
prime rate are dropping more than 1 percent a week, and we hope that this downward trend will continue. We have early
indications that the inflation rate is also
being alleviated, and we believe that during these coming summer months we will
have substantial progress to report when
the Consumer Price Indexes are made
public.
At the same time, however, it's inevitable that with this change will come the
pressures of a recession, and we must all
work together to minimize the adverse
consequences of that change. Carefully
targeted Federal programs, combined
with a commitment by the private sector,
can help to alleviate the pressures toward
extremely high unemployment rates. We
must make these common efforts more
successful.
917
70-808 0 - 81
May 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
At the same time, we're dealing with
a root cause of our economic problems, and that is excessive dependence on
imported oil. We now expect that for 1980
we will send to foreign countries $90 billion in American money to pay for their
oil. This is too much. It amounts to about
$400 for every man, woman, and child in
the United States.
Americans have made some progress.
The first 5 months of this year we actually
reduced oil imports by 1 million barrels of
oil per day, a 12-percent drop in oil imports. But the pressures to discontinue this
progress are tremendous, because it does
require political courage in the Congress
and in the executive branch, and it also
requires some degree of sacrifice on the
part of the American people.
For instance, when the congressional
leaders came to see me in the Cabinet
Room early in March, they asked me to
impose an oil conservation fee amounting
to 10 cents per gallon on gasoline. Now
pressures on them are tending to reverse
that action. This will undoubtedly result
in a much higher level of OPEC oil prices
during the coming months, and it will
tend to make our allies and other major
consuming nations reverse, perhaps, or
stop their additional commitment to intense conservation measures.
It's a small price to pay. I took the action unilaterally; no congressional action
was necessary. Now there are pressures in
the Congress to take legal action to stop
the imposition of this conservation fee.
We jointly committed ourselves to a
balanced budget. That was a clear, public
commitment by the Congress, both Democrats and Republicans, and myself, to the
American people. In recent days, we have
seen disturbing signs in the Congress that
this commitment to a balanced budget
might be in danger. Again, political pressures are intense, and I know from experience-because on occasion I've been
on the opposite side-that when the small
business community is organized, your
voice is a powerful one in this Nation's
Capital. And I hope that you will combine
your efforts with my own to maintain
these commitments to a responsible, effective economic policy for our Nation that
will let us find our way successfully
through this economic crisis brought about
by extremely rapid increases in energy
prices.
We are trying to deregulate your lives
and to get the Government's nose out of
your business to the maximum degree
possible. It's a commitment that we've had
together.
The Senate has already passed a trucking deregulation bill. If the House will
pass the same bill, it will mean that American consumers will save $8 billion per
year in transportation costs. We are already benefiting from the deregulation of
the airline industry, the communication
and telecommunications industry, banking
and the finance industry, the railroad industry. We've made this progress already.
And as we've assessed deregulation commitments, we've identified 138 different
elements of possibilities wherein the Government can reduce its intrusion into your
lives. We've done this without any derogation to the protection of the safety and
health of the workers who are employed
by you.
Let me say in closing that ours is a
common commitment. There is no way to
separate government from your lives, nor
918
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 15
is there any way to separate your involvement from a successful government effort.
It works both ways. And this common
realization of an inevitable partnership in
a free nation where a democracy prevails, where we believe in the free enterprise system and value each human life
and the innovation and dynamism of it,
the entrepreneurial experience on which
we make plans for the future-these commitments are interrelated.
Vernon Weaver, this fine commission
that worked under Arthur Levitt, the
Members of the Congress who have been
so intensely involved in the strengthening
of a small business community, the President, and all of you share a common goal:
to make sure that we make our Nation
stronger and realize that historically we
have always proven that in a time of test,
in a time of rapid change, in a time of
challenge, our country has never failed.
And almost invariably-I can't think of
any exceptions-when we have been
tested severely, we have not only met that
challenge successfully, but we have come
out from it stronger and better and more
united as a nation.
That's my conviction concerning the
results of this present transitional phase,
where we are accommodating for the
first time in Americans' lives a restraint
on unlimited energy sources. We can produce more energy ourselves, and we can
conserve the energy that we use and,
therefore, make our country stronger and
more united to face the future.
It's hard to select leaders from among
you, because small business men and
women have always been leaders. You've
always been willing to take a chance.
You've always been willing to face competition and, if successful, then, of course,
you made a better community as well as
a better family for yourselves.
Today I would like to recognize with
Vernon Weaver's help, the small business
persons of the year, chosen from among
very fine other members of the community, almost any one of whom could have
been recognized as outstanding. Vernon?
First, I'd like to recognize the two
runners-up in the competition for the outstanding small business person of the entire Nation, and I'd like to read the
citations:
"The United States of America, Small
Business Administration, presents the
1980 Small Business Person of the Year
Award, National Second Place, to
V. Scott Ankeny, Blue Earth, Minnesota."
Mr. Ankeny is the head of the TAFCO
Equipment Company in Blue Earth, Minnesota, and he exemplifies "the imagination, initiative, independence, and integrity by which the American small
business person makes a vital contribution
to the Nation, to the economy, and to the
free enterprise system." Signed Vernon
Weaver, Administrator, Small Business
Administration, May 15, 1980.
I particularly want to recognize his
wife, Audrey, who's probably responsible
for his winning the award-[laughter]if my own family experience is any guide.
Now I'd like to ask Cletus Ernster to
come forward, and I'd like to read the
citation also:
"The United States of America, Small
Business Administration, presents the 1980
Small Business Person of the Year Award,
National Third Place, to Cletus P. Ernster, Cuero, Texas, for exemplifying the
imagination, initiative, independence, and
integrity by which the American small
business person makes a vital contribution
919
May 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
to the Nation, to the economy, and to the
free enterprise system," again signed
Vernon Weaver. Congratulations to you,
Cletus, and his wife, Kathleen. He's the
president of the Gulf Coast Products
Company.
And now, I'd like to offer double congratulations to the winner of the national
first place award:
"The United States of America, Small
Business Administration, presents the 1980
Small Business Person of the Year Award,
National First Place, to George Thomas
Spalding, Monroe City, Missouri." And
his wife, Eva Jo.
I would also like to point out that Mr.
Spalding is the president of the Diemakers, Incorporated, Monroe City, and
this happens to be his 47th birthday today.
In closing my part of the ceremony, let
me say that I'll do the best I can working
with these three award winners, with
Vernon Weaver and all the members of
the Commission, who've done such an outstanding job, and with all of you and those
you represent throughout the country to
carry out as best we can the recommendations made by the White House conference, which was held early this year. And
I have no doubt that after 2 years of hard
work by all of us and with the inspiration
of the ideals that have made our country
so great, we will be successful in making
it even greater in the future.
Thank you very much. Congratulations
again.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:49 a.m. at the
ceremony in the Rose Garden al: the White
House. Arthur Levitt, Jr., is Chairman of the
White House Commission on Small Business.
The report is entitled "Report to the President: America's Small Business EconomyAgenda for Action, by the White House Commission on Small Business, April 1980" (Government Printing Office, 128 pages).
1980 Summer Olympic Games
in Moscow
Statement on the Federal Republic of
Germany's Decision To Boycott the Games.
May 15,1980
We welcome the courageous decision of
the West German Olympic Committee to
refuse to participate in the Moscow Olympic games. The committee, the West German Government, and the people of West
Germany deserve the admiration of all
those throughout the world who believe in
peace and freedom and who recognize
that the achievement of these goals sometimes requires painful sacrifices.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is a
serious blow to peace and freedom. We
hope that the other Olympic committees
of Western Europe will follow the advice
of their own governments and join with
the West German Olympic Committee, in
demonstrating their opposition to Soviet
aggression.
Imports of Color Television
Receiver Subassemblies
Proclamation 4759. May 15,1980
MODIFICATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE ORDERLY MARKETING AGREEMENT AND THE TEMPORARY QUANTITATIVE LIMITATION ON THE IMPORTATION
INTO THE UNITED STATES OF COLOR
TELEVISION RECEIVERS AND CERTAIN
SUBASSEMBLIES THEREOF
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
On January 26, 1979, by Proclamation
4634, I proclaimed pursuant to the Con
920
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 15
stitution and the statutes of the United
States, including section 203 of the Trade
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2253) (the Trade
Act), certain temporary quantitative
limitations on the importation into the
United States of color television receivers
and certain subassemblies thereof, provided for in items 923.74 through 923.83,
inclusive, of the Tariff Schedules of the
United States (TSUS) (19 U.S.C. 1202).
Exports to the United States of color
television receiver subassemblies, provided
for in item 923.78, and subject to Proclamation 4634, fell considerably below the
restraint level established by that Proclamation for the first restraint period. The
existing carryover provision would allow
an increase in the quantity to be entered
during the second restraint period of only
29,700 units of such subassemblies. In the
interest of equity, this Proclamation will
increase the allowable carryover by 5,300
units to 35,000 units. The total number of
such subassemblies exported to the United
States and entered during the fifteen
months covered by Proclamation 4634
will remain less than the number originally contemplated by that Proclamation.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
in order to assure equitable treatment
under Proclamation 4634 and acting
under the authority vested in me by the
Constitution and the statutes of the
United States, including section 203 of
the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2253), and in
accordance with Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) (61 Stat. (pt. 5) A58; 8 U.S.T.
(pt. 2) 1786) do proclaim that Subpart
A, part 2 of the Appendix to the TSUS is
modified as set forth in the Annex to this
proclamation.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this fifteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
ANNEX
Headnote 5(e) of subpart A, part 2, of
the Appendix to the Tariff Schedules of
the United States (19 U.S.C. 1202) is
modified to read as follows:
"(e) Carryover.-If the restraint level
for any item has not been filled for a restraint period, upon appropriate request,
the shortfall may be entered under the
same item during the following restraint
period provided that the amount of shortfall so entered in the next restraint period
for (a) item 923.74 does not exceed 11
percent of the restraint level for the restraint period during which the shortfall
occurred, (b) item 923.78 does not exceed
35,000 units, and (c) item 923.81 does not
exceed 10 percent of the restraint level for
the restraint period in which the shortfall
occurred."
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:50 p.m., May 15, 1980]
Equal Rights Amendment
Remarks at a White House Briefing.
May 15, 1980
Twenty years ago it would not have
been possible to get this many business
leaders, men and women, to play an active
role in passing a constitutional amendment to give women equal rights in this
country. Two years ago it would not have
921
May 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
been possible. And I hope that 2 years in
the future it will not be necessary; that
we'll not only be celebrating a tremendous
victory for women in this Nation but also
celebrating a victory for our country.
It will be a bright day when no longer
do we have to expend our energy and our
organizational talent, our political and
personal influence, to bring about justice
for women in a nation founded on the
principle of equality and justice, but that
we'll be benefiting from the tremendous
new spirit and energy and talent released
by women, who will be enjoying for the
first time the kind of opportunities from
which they have been excluded in the past.
In the midst of all of the rhetoric and
distortions that are put forward by the
opponents of ERA, it's important to realize that 35 States have already expressed
their determination to have equality of
treatment for women in this country. The
Congress has voted repeatedly that this
change in the Constitution should be
made, and of course an overwhelming
majority of American people, in every
public opinion poll conducted, say that
discrimination against women should be
ended and the equal rights amendment
should be passed.
It's almost unbelievable, were we not
witnessing it ourselves, the deliberate attempts to distort a simple proposition.
Those attempts have been remarkably successful. And when you realize once again
that the equal rights amendment calls for
this simple language to be added to the
U.S. Constitution, it's almost startling:
"Equality of rights under the law shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any State on account of sex"-a
simple proposition.
When you hear all the arguments and
all the fears aroused and all the rhetoric
and all the concerns expressed, you
wonder whether the critics of ERA have
even read the recommended amendment.
The past six men who have lived in this
house and served as President have all
recognized publicly and consistently the
need for the equal rights amendment.
Both the Democratic and Republican
Party platforms in 1976 endorsed the
equal rights amendment.
Equal rights is more than just equality
of pay; it's an opportunity to receive an
equal education, equal training, equal job
opportunities, equal treatment under the
law, equal access to the kind of realization of the use of talent which God has
given us all, and a sense among men and
women that the time for official, legally
condoned discrimination has been eliminated in our country. This kind of
continued discrimination is a source of
embarrassment and a legitimate source of
shame for those who are responsible for
the Nation's affairs. It's almost unbelievable that the ERA has not yet been
ratified.
As Commander in Chief of our Armed
Forces, I have seen at firsthand the tremendous benefit derived in all the military forces from the service of women.
This is not a supreme test, but a very
significant test, of the quality of women
who serve as mechanics and pilots and
radio operators. They serve, as a matter
of fact, in 92 percent of all the military
billets available in the Army, Navy,
Marines, and Air Force. It's a stunning
figure, but it should come as no surprise
because we have found-again, somewhat
to chauvinistic men's embarrassmentthat women in the all-voluntary force are
922
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 15
both better educated and more productive
than the men volunteers.
Another area that we are pursuing in
the Government is to provide some alleviation of discrimination that has existed
in the past with businesses which are
owned and operated by women. We had
a White House conference to delineate
what I might do as President, through
Executive order, and what Congress
might do through changes in the law, to
provide for the first time equality of treatment in the awarding, for instance, of procurement in women's businesses.
We set a goal that we thought was very
forthcoming and very courageous for
1979. And we not only exceeded that goal
in 1979, but we also exceeded in 1979 the
goal for 1980. So now we have been surprised at the aggression that the women
business leaders have shown in competing
for procurement contracts, but also the
high quality of their businesses in meeting
the high standards for procurement that
we did not anticipate. And today I'm setting a new goal for this fiscal year of $212
million, and for '81 of $400 million in
procurement, just in women's organizations.
There are some long-range sociological
facts that we must recognize. In the future
we will need women leaders, women employees, in a more rapidly changing,
highly technological society. It's not only
fair, but it's essential. As a matter of fact,
fewer and fewer men in the next few years
will be entering the labor force. By 1995,
based on presently known birth rate projections, the number of males from 15 to
29 years old will have dropped from 30
million now down to 25 million. To find
workers, industry will be forced to turn
to women, and we simply must break
down the present barriers that prevent
women, on an equal basis, from getting
the training and the education and the
employment opportunities that they
deserve.
The women will not be the only ones
to suffer. American business will suffer,
the American economy will suffer, and
our Nation itself will suffer from the deprivation of women of their rights. At this
time women comprise 43 percent of the
Nation's workforce. Almost one-fourth of
all the households in the United States
are headed by women. In spite of discrimination, these figures show how
women have been able to overcome
obstacles and assume a major role in the
American societal structure.
But in some States the laws are pitifully
antiquated, inadequate, inequitable, and
unprofitable for the people who live in
those particular States. A woman's rights
in connection with property, employment,
education, the law, government benefits
can vary depending on what State she
happens to live in.
Most Americans believe, if you ask
them, that women ought to be treated
equally. But now is not the time just to
talk about it. Action is required.
I'm the father of a little girl, and I'm
the grandfather of a little girl. And I want
them to have the same kind of opportunities that my sons and my grandsons
have.
If I felt that my wife, Rosalynn, or my
daughter, Amy, or my granddaughter,
Sarah, were cheated, I would be willing to
fight to protect their interest. But, as President, I know that many wives and daughters and granddaughters are cheated now.
923
May 15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
That's why I consider it necessary for me
to take time, as President, to try to talk
personally to members of the Illinois Legislature and to Democratic and Republican leaders, including the Governor, to
try to induce that key State to be the next
one to ratify the equal rights amendment.
There is not a single person in this
room, whether you're from Georgia or
California or Maine or live here in the
District of Columbia, who can't add your
own voice effectively to the decision that
will be made very shortly in Illinois. You
have friends in Illinois, influence in Illinois, and we only need one or two or three
votes to carry the successful effort to a
conclusion in the house of representatives
and then in the senate. And I hope that
in the next few days you will concentrate
your effort, even in a sacrificial way, and
make 15 or 20 or 30 or 40 telephone calls
into Illinois if you have a particular friend
who knows someone or is in the legislature
to let your influence be felt.
The main obstacle to the ratification of
the ERA in Illinois and in Georgia and in
the other States that have not yet made
this decision is the allegation that it is
only supported by radical kinds of people.
And the question of homosexuality and
the question of abortion and religious
beliefs and the sharing of restrooms and
the destruction of families-these artificial
arguments are put forward, and they can
best be knocked down by a person who's
known to be sound and committed and
balanced and patriotic, with a stable family and a good job. Those are the kinds of
people who must speak out. And the religious leaders in Illinois, and the mothers
in Illinois, and the labor leaders in Illinois,
and the business leaders in Illinois and in
all those States are the ones that can knock
down these false allegations that influence
adversely some of the members of the State
legislatures in the nonratified States.
And if the president of a major corporation simply calls a member of the
Georgia or the Illinois Legislature and
says, "I speak to you as a businessman
interested in the future of my country,
and I ask you to help us ratify the equal
rights amendment for the benefit of all,"
it will have a major impact-if you've
never seen that person and they've never
heard of you, but perhaps heard of your
company.
So, in addition to financial contributions and organizational efforts, I hope
that you will add your voice to the influence of all the rest of us in getting ERA
ratified, first in Illinois and then in two
more States. This is a major, immediate
test, and I hope that if you don't get any
other message in coming to the White
House, that you will take that personal
request from me to help us have a successful effort in Illinois within the next
few days.
In closing, let me say this: Since our
Nation was founded, we have been courageous in self-analysis and self-criticism.
If you examine the picture of the United
States that was in the mind of Benjamin
Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and
George Washington, it was not nearly so
good a picture as we see now-black people were slaves, discrimination was acknowledged and condoned, Americans
could not vote for their own United States
Senator directly, women could not vote.
And laboriously and with the expenditure
of a great deal of courage, we've made
incremental progress.
924
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 16
In my judgment, the last remaining official element of discrimination imbedded
in the American law is against women.
And I hope that we can be successful in
removing this deprivation of rights, which
is presently still condoned in U.S. law,
and guarantee under the Constitution
that equality will indeed come to our
country finally, once and for all. It will
not only benefit women, but it will benefit
every person who now lives or will live
in our great country.
And I feel a partnership with you. I'll
do my part and then some, and I'm asking you to do your part and a little bit
more. Together we won't fail.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:21 p.m. in
the East Room at the White House. The briefing was attended by leaders of business and
women's organizations.
United States-Cyprus Convention
on Taxation and Fiscal Evasion
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Convention. May 16, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for the advice and
consent of the Senate to ratification, the
Convention between the Government of
the United States of America and the
Government of the Republic of Cyprus
for the avoidance of double taxation and
the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, together with a
related- exchange of notes, signed at
Nicosia on March 26, 1980. For the information of the Senate, I also transmit
the report of the Department of State
with respect to the Convention.
The Convention generally follows the
pattern of the United States model income tax convention, with certain departures to accommodate aspects of Cypriot
law. In addition, special provisions included in the Convention assure that any
concessions granted by the United States
accrue to the benefit only of residents of
Cyprus and not to third country residents.
The Convention also provides that the
business profits of a resident of one country may be taxed by the other only if they
are attributable to a permanent establishment in the other country. In addition, an
individual who is a resident of one state
may be taxed by the other state on income
from personal services performed in the
other if certain tests are met relating to
the nature of his preference in that other
country.
I recommend that the Senate give early
and favorable consideration to the Convention and advice and consent to its
ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 16, 1980.
Presidential Scholars
Announcement of the Selection of 141
Students as Presidential Scholars of 1980.
May 16, 1980
The President today announced the
Presidential Scholars for 1980. They are
141 graduating high school seniors,
chosen on the basis of academic achievement, leadership, community involvement, and demonstrated excellence in the
areas of visual and performing arts or
creative writing. The Scholars will visit
925
May 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Washington from June 29 to July 2, 1980,
as guests of the White House and the Department of Education.
The Presidential Scholars program,
established by Executive order in 1964,
annually honors one boy and one girl
from each State, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and Americans living
abroad, and 35 students selected at large.
The students, from both public and
private schools, are initially identified
through scores on precollege examinations
nationally administered in secondary
schools. The scholars are selected by the
Commission on Presidential Scholars, a
panel of private citizens from a variety of
fields, who serve without compensation.
During their visit to Washington, the
Scholars will receive Presidential Scholars
medallions in a White House ceremony.
They will also attend seminars with authorities in many fields, meet with their
elected officials, and visit historic sites.
The Scholars receive no financial award.
The 1980 Presidential Scholars are:
Alabama
WILLIAM S. LUCAS, Grissom High School,
Huntsville
FRANK H. MCFADDEN, JR., the Altamont
School, Birmingham
ROBIN K. JOHNSON, Muscle Shoals High
School, Muscle Shoals
KATHLEEN A. MOORE (of Huntsville), Alabama School of Fine Arts, Birmingham
Alaska
CLINTON L. MCDADE, East Anchorage High
School, Anchorage
ELIZABETH S. ARGETSINGER, Dimond Mears
High School, Anchorage
Arizona
PAUL W. DAVIS, Rincon High School, Tucson
MARK TEMPLER, Tempe High School, Tempe
MARTHA A. MATTHEWS, Special Projects High
School, Tucson
Arkansas
HENRY G. COOK, Alma High School, Alma
ROOSEVELT L. THOMPSON, Central High
School, Little Rock
ELIZABETH A. LEVY, Northeast Senior High
School, N. Little Rock
California
KENNETH H. BOOKSTEIN, La Jolla High
School, La Jolla
CHRISTOPHER T. MASON, Phineas Banning
High School, Wilmington
NED S. WINGREEN (of Studio City), Oakwood
School, N. Hollywood
JOAN P. HOTELLING, Adolfo Camarillo High
School, Camarillo
Colorado
TODD C. CARPENTER, Cherry Creek Senior
High School, Englewood
SUSAN G. STEADE, Fort Collins High School,
Fort Collins
Connecticut
ADAM J. TELLER, Bolton High School, Bolton
EVE M. KAHN, Westhill High School,
Stamford
Delaware
MICHAEL C. JOHNSON, Salesianum School for
Boys, Wilmington
DINA M. HAINES, St. Marks High School,
Wilmington
District of Columbia
MICHAEL A. HELLER, Sidwell Friends School
JEAN S. FRASER, Georgetown Day High School
Florida
JEFFREY W. DAVIS, Miami Killian Senior High
School, Miami
JIMMY L. MORALES, Miami Beach Senior
High School, Miami Beach
ELIZABETH A. LINDLEY, Tampa Preparatory
School, Tampa
SHARI K. RAYNOR, Chamberlain High School,
Tampa
CAROLYN S. REISER, The Bolles School, Jacksonville
JUDITH A. SHULEVITZ (of Miami), Interlochen
Arts Academy, Interlochen, Mich.
Georgia
ERIC A. SCHOENBERG, Dunwoody High School,
Dunwoody
MICHAEL H. WING, Savannah County Day
School, Savannah
SYLVIA L. CEREL (of Dunwoody), Westminster School for Girls, Atlanta
926
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 16
Hawaii
LAWRENCE G. TANIMOTO, Iolani School, Honolulu
SHARI H. YOKOTA, Roosevelt High School,
Honolulu
Idaho
LARRY W. HUNTER, Moscow Senior High
School, Moscow
DIANA S. MURELAGA, Capital High School,
Boise
Illinois
STEPHEN A. VAVASIS, Arlington High School,
Arlington Heights
HILARY H. GETIS, Urbana High School,
Urbana
Indiana
PAUL R. GEYER, Carmel High School, Carmel
ELENA A. SALIJ, Paul Harding High School,
Fort Wayne
Iowa
MARK D. KLINE, Urbandale High School,
Urbandale
CINDY M. SCHEIDT, T. Jefferson High School,
Cedar Rapids
Kansas
BRIAN R. BENNETT (of Overland Park), Shawnee Mission West High School, Shawnee
Mission
JOSEPH C. SHIELDS, El Dorado High School,
El Dorado
KAREN L. SMITH (of Fort Riley), Senior High
School, Junction City
Kentucky
SAM HIRSCH, Henry Clay High School, Lexington
JOAN L. CMARIK, St. Mary High School,
Paducah
LISA A. PETRILLI, J. M. Atherton High School,
Louisville
Louisiana
CHRISTOPHER D. HAMILTON, Robert E. Lee
High School, Baton Rouge
LORILEE J. BIERNACKI (of Pearl River), Slidell
High School, Slidell
Maine
ROGER A. DEFREITAS, Cony High School,
Augusta
MARY E. SULLIVAN (of S. Harpswell), Mt.
Ararat School, Topsham
Maryland
RICHARD A. REGISTER, Charles W. Woodward
High School, Rockville
ANTOINETTE E. REED, Western High School,
Baltimore
Massachusetts
MICHAEL P. ARNOWITT, Lexington High
School, Lexington
JONATHAN D. CUTLER (of Milton), Commonwealth School, Boston
EUGENE H. LEE, Lexington High School,
Lexington
JUN-CHING LIN (of Chestnut Hill), Newton
North High School, Newtonville
VIIA E. VALGE, Chelmsford High School, North
Chelmsford
Michigan
PAUL S. HSIEH, Kalamazoo Central High
School, Kalamazoo
NICHOLAS S. THORNDIKE (of Alma), Interlochen Arts Academy, Interlochen
KARIS A. HASTINGS, Garber High School,
Essexville
Minnesota
BENNET K. LANGLOTZ (of St. Paul), Breck
School, Minneapolis
TAMARA R. FOUNTAIN, Edina-West Secondary
School, Edina
Mississippi
MICHAEL E. JABALEY, William Murrah High
School, Jackson
CATHERINE G. GRAY, St. Andrews Episcopal
School, Jackson
Missouri
JOHN W. CUTHBERTSON, Liberty High School,
Liberty
JOY A. GRAESSER, University City Senior High
School, University City
BRIGITTE T. WAHWAS SUCK, Waynesville Senior High School, Waynesville
Montana
MICHAEL W. BENDER, Billings West High
School, Billings
JANA L. BRANCH (of Victor), Stevensville
High School, Stevensville
Nebraska
DANIEL A. ZARISKI, Southeast High School,
Lincoln
MARGARET Y. CHENG, Lincoln East High
School, Lincoln
JENNIFER L. MEYER, Technical High School,
Omaha
927
May 16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Nevada
ANDREW P. FLINT, Reno High School, Reno
VERONICA J. MCCULLOUGH, Las Vegas High
School, Las Vegas
New Hampshire
DAN P. HICKS, Colebrook Academy, Colebrook
THERESA A. WILSON (of Greenland), Senior
High School, Portsmouth
New Jersey
STEVEN G. DICKMAN, Ridgewood High School,
Ridgewood
ELIZABETH A. GUERIN, Princeton High School,
Princeton
CLAIRE F. ULLMAN, Princeton High School,
Princeton
New Mexico
NELSON R. BEGAY (of Navajo), Window Rock
High School, Fort Defiance, Ariz.
JOHN M. NORRIS, Albuquerque Academy,
Albuquerque
ANNA MAGNUSON, Los Alamos High School,
Los Alamos
New York
PATRICK J. CORLESS (of Pomona), Ramapo
Senior High School, Spring Valley
RUSSELL M. HERSHOW, Hunter College High
School, New York
GABRIELLE A. BROWN, Professional Children's
School, New York
CELIA P. JAFFE, Edgemont High School, Scarsdale
CATHERINE J. MAGNUSON, Shenendehowa Senior High School, Clifton Park
POLLY SHULMAN, Hunter College High School,
New York
NASHA L. THOMAS (of St. Albans), Performing Arts, New York
North Carolina
ROGER G. BROOKS (of Chapel Hill), Durham
Academy Upper School, Durham
CAROL C. SPRINGS, Monroe High School,
Monroe
North Dakota
WILLIAM C. OLSON (of Mooreton), Wahpeton
High School, Wahpeton
LISA R. HEIDTKE, Valley City High School,
Valley City
Ohio
BENJAMIN B. ROBINSON, Cleveland Hts. High
School, Cleveland Hts.
PAULA J. VANLARE, Defiance Senior High
School, Defiance
Oklahoma
DAVID A. MORAN, Seminole High School,
Seminole
GREG W. THORNBURG, College High School,
Bartlesville
DEANI L. COOPER (of Bethan), Putnam City
West Senior High School, Oklahoma City
Oregon
PETER C. GABOR, Woodrow Wilson High
School, Portland
DAVID G. LITT, Cleveland High School, Portland
KAREN L. RASMUSSEN (of Portland), Sunset
High School, Beaverton
Pennsylvania
RICHARD S. ZEMEL, Mt. Lebanon High School,
Pittsburgh
LOUISE R. ROBERTS, Penncrest High School,
Media
LINDA D. WHITE (of Philadelphia), Germantown Academy, Fort Washington
Puerto Rico
SALVADOR A. ACOSTA (of Rio Piedras), Commonwealth High School, Hato Rey
JOHN A. ZERBE (of San Juan), St. Johns
School, Santurce
DAMARIS AYUSO-PLANES (of Guaynabo),
Wesleyan Academy, Caparra Heights
Rhode Island
MICHAEL A. CONLEY (of East Greenwich),
Bishop Thomas F. Hendricken High School,
Warwick
CAROLINE B. REEVES, Lincoln School, Providence
South Carolina
ROBERT E. SPIETH, Spartanburg High School,
Spantanburg
MARCIA B. KUNTZ, Porter-Gaud School,
Charleston
South Dakota
DAVID B. OPPEDAHL, Vermillion High School,
Vermillion
LAURA L. HUBER, Menno High School, Menno
Tennessee
ROBERT L. KREIDLER, Morristown-Hamblen
High School West, Morristown
MARY A. CROSSLEY, Webb School, Knoxville
ELLEN F. SCHREIBER, UN School of Nashville,
Nashville
928
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Texas
MICHAEL K. DISHART, Cypress Creek High
School, Houston
JAMES H. HEIDT, L. C. Anderson High School,
Austin
MILTUM T. TATUM, Arts Magnet High School,
Dallas
KEREN K. WARE, Skyline High School, Dallas
SUSAN K. WILLIAMS, Ursuline Academy,
Dallas
Utah
DALE C. HUNT, Bonneville High School,
Ogden
CAROLE E. EDMUNDSON, Skyline High School,
Salt Lake City
JULIA S. RUBIN, Ogden Senior High School,
Ogden
Vermont
ERIC E. ANDERSON (of Castleton), Fair Haven
High School, Fair Haven
SARAH J. ALBEE, South Burlington High
School, South Burlington
Virginia
CHRISTOPHER R. STOVER, Wakefield High
School, Arlington
KIRSTEN J. HUND, Portsmouth Catholic High
School, Portsmouth
Washington
BLAKE D. HAMILTON, Issaquah High School,
Issaquah
DEBORAH A. DOUGLAS, the Lakeside School,
Seattle
West Virginia
ROBERT E. RICHARDSON, Greenbrier East High
School, Lewisburg
KIMBERLY A. CASEY, St. Albans High School,
St. Albans
Wisconsin
CHARLES C. HWANG (of Brookfield), Marquette University High School, Milwaukee
ANN E. CLASSEN, Horicon High School,
Horicon
Wyoming
JAY R. FERRILL, Riverton High School, Riverton
KARIN SIGGARD, Cheyenne Central High School,
Cheyenne
Virgin Islands
HAROLD G. THOMPSON (of Christiansted), St.
Dunstans Episcopal School, St. Croix
Guam
SATSUKI YAMASHITA (of Sinajana), Academy
Our Lady of Guam, Agana
Meeting With Lord Killanin,
President of the International
Olympic Committee
White House Statement. May 16, 1980
The President today met with the Lord
Killanin, the president of the International Olympic Committee, and Mme.
Monique Berlioux, its director, at their
request. The President reaffirmed that
the position of the United States in opposition to sending a team to the 22d
Olympic games in Moscow results solely
from the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
and our belief that it was not appropriate
to attend the games in a host nation that
was invading its neighbor.
The President made clear that this
position does not detract in any way from
our support of the international Olympic
movement, and that we will welcome
athletes from any eligible Olympic nation
at the 23d Olympic games in Los Angeles
in 1984.
The President reaffirmed that the
United States will continue to urge other
governments and Olympic Committees to
oppose participation in the Olympic
games in Moscow this summer. He noted
that more than 40 National Olympic
Committees, including those of the United
States, West Germany, Canada, China,
Norway, Kenya, Argentina, and numerous
Moslem nations, have already decided not
to attend the Olympic games in Moscow.
More major national committees are expected to take the same position during
the next 2 weeks.
929
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
May 11
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
May 12
The President met at the White House
with:
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale,
Edmund S. Muskie, Secretary, Warren M. Christopher, Deputy Secretary, and Harold H. Saunders,
Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern
and South Asian Affairs, Departof State, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs, Ambassador Sol M.
Linowitz, Personal Representative of
the President to the Middle East
peace negotiations, Alfred L. Atherton, U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, and
Samuel W. Lewis, U.S. Ambassador
to Israel, to discuss the Middle East
peace negotiations;
-Dr. Carroll L. Wilson and American
members of the World Coal Study
(WOCOL), on the occasion of the
release of the study in 16 participating countries;
-Mark A. Smith, Jr., president of Kiwanis International.
The President participated in a ceremony relating to the issuance of the proclamation naming May 16 as National
Defense Transportation Day and May
11-17 as National Transportation Week.
Participants in the Cabinet Room ceremony included Secretary of Energy
Charles W. Duncan, Jr., and Ralph Purcival, international chairman of National
Transportation Week, who presented the
President with a poster.
The President attended a White House
reception for members of the Industrial
Union Department of the AFL-CIO Legislative Conference.
The President received the report of
the Emergency Board investigating the
dispute between the Port Authority
Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH) and
employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen.
The President announced the following appointments:
JAMES H. QUACKENBUSH, Director of the Office of International Organizations and
Technical Assistance at the Labor Department, as the U.S. Representative on the
Governing Body of the International Labor
Office; and
REPRESENTATIVE PHILLIP BURTON of California as a member of the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws.
The President announced that he has
accorded the personal rank of Ambassador to Charles N. Van Doren while he
serves as Head of the U.S. Delegation to
the Non-Proliferation Treaty Review
Conference, to be held in Geneva from
August 11 to September 5. Mr. Van
Doren is Assistant Director for Non-Proliferation at the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
May 13
The President met at the White House
with:
-David L. Aaron, Deputy Assistant
for National Security Affairs;
930
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-the Democratic congressional
leadership;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-representatives of the Hostage Family Liaison Action Group, who reported to the President on their
meetings with U.S. allies in Europe
on behalf of the American hostages
in Tehran.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for members of the San Francisco Chamber of
Commerce.
The President announced the appointment of two members of the Committee
for Purchase from the Blind and Other
Severely Handicapped. They are:
FRANK GEARDE, JR., Deputy Director for Administrative Services, Office of Operations
and Finance, Department of Agriculture;
and
MERVIN J. FLANDER, chief of the Nevada
Bureau of Services to the Blind.
The White House announced that the
Government will immediately appeal the
decision by the District Court on the gasoline conservation fee. The Government
will ask for an expedited ruling by the
appellate courts and will also ask for a
stay of certain aspects of the lower court
decision. The administration continues to
feel strongly that the gasoline conservation fee is sound and necessary.
May 14
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
-Prime Minister John David Gibbons
of Bermuda;
-the presidents and chief executive
officers of five U.S. automobile com
panies, Douglas Fraser, president of
the United Auto Workers, Vice
President Mondale, Secretary of
Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary of
the Treasury G. William Miller,
Secretary of Transportation Neil
Goldschmidt, and other administration officials, to discuss current auto
industry problems;
-Members of Congress, to discuss the
Cuban refugee situation;
-representatives of the U.S. Delegation to the International Labor Conference, which is to be held in Geneva in June.
May 15
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Hedley W. Donovan, Senior Adviser
to the President.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for members of the national cabinet of the United
Jewish Appeal in the East Room at the
White House.
The President declared a major disaster
for the State of Missouri as a result of
severe storms and tornadoes, beginning on
May 12, which caused extensive property
damage.
The President designated Deputy Secretary of State Warren M. Christopher
to head the U.S. Delegation to the May
26-27 Geneva Conference on Kampuchean relief. The conference is to be convened by U.N. Secretary-General Kurt
Waldheim in response to a May 1 resolution of the U.N. Economic and Social
Council.
931
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 16
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Deputy Secretary of State Christopher, Hamilton Jordan, Assistant to
the President, Lloyd N. Cutler,
Counsel to the President, Dr. Brzezinski, and Mr. Donovan;
-Mr. Moore;
-Charles L. Schultze, Chairman of the
Council of Economic Advisers;
-Rev. Jesse Jackson, national president of Operation PUSH, Mayor
Richard Hatcher of Gary, Ind., and
other leaders of the May 17 March
on Washington.
The President participated in a briefing
by administration officials on administration policies and programs given for civic
and community leaders from Western
States in the East Room at the White
House.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David.
The President declared a major disaster
for the State of Michigan as a result of
severe storms and tornadoes, beginning
on or about May 13, which caused extensive property damage.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed
Services, nominations to the Service
Academies, or nominations of Foreign
Service officers.
Submitted May 14, 1980
FRANCIS J. MCNEIL, of Florida, a Foreign
Service officer of Class one, to be Ambassa
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted May 14-Continued
dor Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
the United States of America to Costa Rica.
THERESA ANN HEALY, of Virginia, a Foreign
Service officer of Class two, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
the United States of America to Sierra
Leone;
CARMEN CONSUELO CEREZO, of Puerto Rico,
to be United States District Judge for the
District of Puerto Rico, vice a new position
created by P.L. 95-486, approved October
20, 1978.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released May 13, 1980
Announcement: creation of a National Main
Street Center to provide technical assistance
to older small cities and towns seeking to revitalize their downtown areas, an initiative of
the administration's small community and
rural development policy
Announcement: nomination of Carmen Consuelo Cerezo to be United States District
Judge for the District of Puerto Rico
Statement and news conference: on the gasoline conservation fee-by Press Secretary
Jody Powell
News conference: on the Maryland and Nebraska Democratic primary elections and on
the primary elections in general-by
Mr. Powell and Robert S. Strauss, chairman
of the Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee
Released May 14, 1980
News conference: on the administration's
Cuban refugee policy-by Jack H. Watson,
Jr., Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Stuart E. Eizenstat, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs
and Policy, Benjamin R. Civiletti, Attorney
General, Adm. John B. Hayes, Commandant,
932
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released May 14-Continued
United States Coast Guard, Ambassador
Victor H. Palmieri, United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, and William G.
Bowdler, Director of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved May 16,1980
H.J. Res. 545 --- —------ Public Law 96-243
A joint resolution making an urgent appropriation for the food stamp program for
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980,
for the Department of Agriculture.
933
Week Ending Friday, May 23, 1980
New England Tribute to Hubert
H. Humphrey
Remarks by Telephone to the Dinner in
Worcester, Massachusetts. May 18, 1980
Fritz, thank you very much, and
Muriel, it's a pleasure to be speaking to
all of you and particularly the friends of
Hubert Humphrey who are assembled
there.
I want to join you in the spirit of this
evening and in your support of the
Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public
Affairs. Few things would please him
more than knowing that all of us are helping young people to continue their education and to become better prepared to
serve society as Hubert himself served all
of us in the American and world society.
We'll carry on Hubert's work this way,
and there is no higher honor we can bestow on a friend who gave so generously
of himself.
Fritz and Muriel, as you know, shortly
before he died, Senator Humphrey shared
two of his last precious days with me. We
spent a weekend together at Camp David,
mostly in front of a fireplace, talking and
listening. As you probably have guessed,
Hubert did most of the talking and I did
most of the listening.
We talked together about people, about
ordinary people and about famous onesmany of whom I had not known myself.
We talked about our country; we talked
about the world, the overriding need for
peace and security and about faith in
others. And he particularly talked about
faith in God.
He shared with me, as he has with
many of you, a lifetime of hoping, of
learning through experience, and of loving. He saw the world in terms of his
human needs. I don't believe anyone else
in politics anywhere could communicate
so sincerely and so humanly about what
needed to be done. He also saw life
in terms of the joy of the struggle of it,
the joy of work, the joy of life, and the
joy of hope. Defeat was simply one more
opportunity for Hubert Humphrey to try
again and to try a little harder and to accumulate more friends on the way.
Those 2 days that I spent alone with
him were an unforgettable experience for
me, but it was just typical of many lessons
that many of us learned from him. And
we must never forget to pass those good
lessons on to young people of succeeding
generations.
As you all know, Hubert Humphrey
did not want to be remembered with cold
monuments, but with good works, and
that's what we're doing tonight. We
should all continue those good works as if
Hubert were looking over our shoulders,
urging us to go on and prodding us, also,
to be optimistic, to be of good cheer.
The institute is only one part, a small
but vital part of our living memory of
Hubert Humphrey, and, as I close my
remarks, I want to thank you for helping
tonight and for the countless ways that
we have of honoring him in our daily lives
in the months and years ahead.
935
May 18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Muriel, God bless you. We loved him
and we love you, too. Thank all of you
for letting me be part of this fine evening,
when together we start a new phase of
honoring Hubert Humphrey by honoring
the young people who find in him so much
to admire.
Thank you very much. Good night,
everybody.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:52 p.m. from
the White House Residence to the fundraising
dinner, which was held in Mechanics Hall in
Worcester. In his opening remarks, the President referred to Vice President Walter F. Mondale and Mrs. Hubert H. Humphrey.
National Recreation and Parks
Week
Proclamation 4760. May 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
From the beaches of Hawaii to the hills
of New England, America's public recreation and park systems include outstanding
features of our historical, cultural and natural heritage.
Magnificent canyons, splendid forests,
the homes of great Americans-these are
among the places preserved in Federal,
State and local park systems. Recreation
areas make everything from scuba diving
to spelunking to plain old picnicking available to millions.
Among the Federal government's diverse holdings are national forests, grasslands, wildlife refuges, even the famous
Gateway Arch in St. Louis. State park
systems have similar treasures. Oregon's
coast is dotted with State-run beaches that
offer agate-hunting and surf-fishing, while
New York's Adirondack Park-three
times the size of Yellowstone and the
country's largest State park-boasts more
than 9,000 square miles of wilderness
within a day's drive of 55 million
Americans.
The preservation of wilderness is
one goal of the country's park systems.
Accessibility is another. Parks and recreation areas all over the country offer a
variety of programs, experiences and
opportunities to all Americans, including
the disabled, the disadvantaged, the
elderly and the very young.
It is important that everyone be able
to enjoy our landscape and history and to
engage in healthy leisure activitieswhether it's boating or fishing, walking or
climbing. But to work well, to work for
all of us and all our needs, the park systems need our help-our suggestions, our
thoughts, our cooperation-especially in
this time of energy conservation. These
are contributions we can all make, this
week and every week.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim June 1-7, 1980,
as National Recreation and Parks Week.
I call on all Americans to observe this occasion by giving serious thought to the
ways they can better use and preserve the
parks of this country.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
May in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Independence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
2:59 p.m., May 19, 1980]
936
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 19
Carter/Mondale Presidential
Committee
Remarks at the National Campaign
Headquarters. May 19,1980
MR. STRAUSS.' Mr. President, we turned
on the air conditioning for you today, and
we say an awful lot of nice things about
you when we're really burning up in the
heat here. [Laughter] But, Mr. President,
I want to, before I present you to your
colleagues and your associates, I want to
spend just a minute or two and tell you a
bit about what we're doing.
You have here people from all of the
floors of this building, various floors,
who've gathered here, many volunteersmost volunteers, as a matter of fact-and
they work in-[laughter]-I know you'll
remember that, Mr. President. As a matter of fact, I'm one myself, and I hope
you'll remember that, Mr. President.
[Laughter]
But, Mr. President, these people have
been working on a lot of things, but one
of the things I think will interest you here
is-and the map shows it there-we have
begun in the last couple of weeks to direct
our attention to
THE PRESIDENT. That's 1968?
MR. STRAUSS. That's 1968. [Laughter]
And there you seeTHE PRESIDENT. I hope the other volunteers are more current. [Laughter]
MR. STRAUSS. It's an outrage isn't it?
[Laughter] Mr. President, you see in 1968
the Nixon, Humphrey, and the Wallace
vote, and we are beginning to concentrate and look at those States. And if the
Secret Service man will move here[laughter]-we see the Ford-Carter vote,
1 Robert S. Strauss, chairman of the Carter/
Mondale Presidential Committee.
or should I say, the Carter-Ford vote of
1976. And the map there-and we are
doing our comparisons now in trying to
see where we should focus our attention
for the coming months.
And here I have a book that I wanted
to present to you, and there are just a
half a dozen of these books in existence.
And this says, "Book Two-Strauss;" I
hope Book One has Carter-if not, I'm
going to be mad. [Laughter] But in this
book we have the beginning of our strategy, and we have the beginning of our
various precincts all over the country, we
have our legal problems, we have our financial problems all for the general election, we have our get out the vote. So, the
campaign, this is the first cut-the people
on this staff here, working under Tim
Kraft and Tom Donilon-the first cut of
our 1980 campaign strategy really beginning to fall into final place now.
And so that now you have a feel of what
we're doing, ladies and gentleman, I know
I do not need to tell you my dear friends
what a pleasure it is for me-and, I know,
for you-for me to be able to present the
President of the United States to his
friends.
THE PRESIDENT. Thank you.
Bob tells me we have 1,553 delegates.
Who would have dreamed 6 months ago
that here long before we conclude the
primary election campaign that we would
have had this tremendous an achievement? The credit goes to you, and I'm
deeply grateful to you. I will say that in
the next few weeks and all the way
through the fall, you will now have an
active partner in the campaign, and maybe we'll do even better.
Political historians will record the tremendous achievement that you've made
so far, running not a sectional or regional
or limited campaign, but a nationwide
937
May 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
campaign. We have not skipped a single
State nor a single congressional district
in the entire Nation; we've not skipped
a territory. We've taken our message to
the public, and we've listened; we've
formed a good alliance with the people
who vote and who make decisions in the
Democratic Party. We've laid a good
groundwork for the coming weeks and
the coming months, and I'm deeply grateful to you.
What we have achieved was far beyond
even our fondest expectations a few
months ago. I don't know the exact figures. I think in the primary elections
we've earned over 60 percent of the delegates; in the caucus States we've earned
over 65 percent of the delegates against
formidable opposition. And I'm very
grateful for that as well.
Being an incumbent is not all it's cut
out to be. [Laughter] There are a few advantages in being an incumbent, but there
are some disadvantages. For the narrowminded or the shortsighted, an incumbent
President of this great country cannot
deal in empty slogans, cannot deal in
words, cannot deal in false promises, cannot deal in distortions of issues. An incumbent's stock in trade, particularly in
an executive position, has to be in actionaction dealing with the current problems
of the day, action dealing in forging a
policy and a spirit and an ideal and a
commitment of an entire nation. An incumbent can't yield to the particular pressure of a regional or a local interest group.
An incumbent has to deal with what's
best for all the people every day.
We've faced some difficult challenges
in the last 6 months. The Soviet invasion
of Afghanistan, strengthening our alliance, marshaling support for our position
that an invasion of an innocent country
can't go unpunished. We've had to deal
with the shocking violation of every international principle and law by the Iranians, who have captured and held innocent hostages imprisoned. We've had to
deal with these issues with sensitivity and
with courage, with commitment, with
openness, with frankness, and the American people have been remarkably united
and they've been remarkably patient
when patience was necessary. And our
country has also been very strong in its
commitment to unchanging principles.
We've represented our Nation well in
dealing with the problems of energy dependence, taking unprecedented steps to
forge an energy policy based on conservation and the production of additional
energy in our country. We've faced unbelievable inflation and interest pressures
because OPEC prices went up 150 percent in 16 months, and we've been persistent in dealing with these issues on an
equal basis with the Congress. Interest
rates have dropped precipitously lately.
The inflation rate is going to come down
in the summer and make it easier for us.
In the fall, we need some good news; I
believe it will be coming.
But in all these multitudinous challenges that came upon us, some which had
very devastating political potential, we've
survived very well, because we've never
forgotten that the Democratic Party is
well named. It's the party of the people.
And we have not forgotten those kinds of
people who are particularly dependent on
government and who have been the
strength of our party down through the
generations. This is a very important element of our collective strength. The trust
that's been placed in our party has not
938
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 19
been betrayed, and it will never be betrayed.
We've still got very important primary
elections ahead of us. Every week, 1, 2,
5, 6, sometimes 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 elections
in a single week, and we've had to deal
with these diverse pressures without
flinching and without betraying the principles that are widely publicized and
which we hold so dear.
We're coming now to the end of a long
campaign, and I want to make sure that
the ending will give us a strong series of
victories and leave us with a strong Democratic Party.
It's time for us to look forward, not
backward. It's a time for us to heal existing wounds that are created in any tough
Democratic Party election campaign and
not create new wounds. It's incumbent on
you and me to heal existing wounds, not
to create new wounds in our party. It's
time for us to pull the different elements
of our party back together; to be generous
in victory, to be strong, looking to the
future, to be confident, to be united, to be
determined, and not to fail. I do not intend to lose this election in 1980.
I've got a great running-mate in Fritz
Mondale. And all of you who have
worked so hard on the campaign-Bob
Strauss, Tim Kraft, Tom Donilon, everyone over here-knows how much I appreciate the work you've done. This has
been an excellent team effort, and I look
for the future to be just as gratifying as
the past has been.
I'll be out campaigning between now
and the end of the primary season. And
then we'll be preparing very eagerly to
meet Ronald Reagan, or whomever the
Republicans choose, and let the Nation
know that we'll carry the Democratic
banner to a tremendous victory in
November.
Let me say this in closing. My sense, as
I stand here before you, is one of gratitude
and also one of a partnership. We could
not have won this election had we not
worked together. You've been over here in
a relatively unrecognized way-luxurious
working quarters. [Laughter] Maybe that
made up for some of the low-paying jobs
that you have. [Laughter] But we've never
lost our temper, and we've never lost our
sense of humor. We've come through
some difficult times and some discouraging Tuesdays together, and they've
always been followed by excitement and
victory parties that have bound us back
together again.
In my opinion, the issues have been
thoroughly debated. There is no lack of
knowledge among the American electorate about where I stand on any issue. We
need not fear the Democratic convention.
It's a place for debate; it's a place for discussion. And as we hammer out the Democratic platform, none of you need be
afraid of the open and fervent debate, including the final touches on the platform
that will be the base for victory for me
and Fritz Mondale in November.
I want all of you to help me reach out
a healing hand and a friendly hand to
those who've not supported us so far.
We'll need them in November, and with
their help, our victory will be even greater
than it has been so far. So, together, as
future partners, we'll have the same kind
of results in the months ahead as we've
had in the months past.
God bless you, everyone. I look forward to working with you.
NOTE: The President spoke at approximately
2:15 p.m.
939
May 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Captive Nations Week, 1980
Proclamation 4761. May 19, 1980
By the President of the United States
of America
A Proclamation
Twenty-one years ago, by a joint resolution approved July 17, 1959 (73 Stat.
212), the Eighty-Sixth Congress authorized and requested the President to proclaim the third week in July as Captive
Nations Week.
Throughout our history we Americans
have held the deep conviction that liberty
and independence are among mankind's
inalienable rights. Our ideal has remained
that of our founding fathers: governments derive their legitimacy from the
consent of the peoples they govern. Soviet
aggression against Afghanistan is the
latest stark reminder that this ideal is not
universally respected.
Mindful of our heritage and our
principles, let us take this week to salute
the men and women everywhere who are
devoted to the cause of liberty and the
pursuit of human rights in their native
lands.
Now, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER,
President of the United States of America,
do hereby designate the week beginning
on July 13, 1980, as Captive Nations
Week.
I invite the people of the United States
to observe this week with appropriate ceremonies and activities and to reaffirm their
dedication to the ideals that unite us and
inspire others.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this nineteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord nineteen
hundred and eighty, and of the Inde
pendence of the United States of America
the two hundred and fourth.
JIMMY CARTER
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,
11:45 a.m., May 20, 1980]
United States Postal Service
Nomination of Three Members of the Board
of Governors. May 19, 1980
The President today announced three
persons whom he will nominate to be Governors of the United States Postal Service.
They are:
David E. Babcock, of Carefree, Ariz.,
who was chairman of the board of the
May Department Stores Co. until his retirement earlier this year. Babcock was
with the May Company for 13 years and
was active in personnel and management
development.
Paula D. Hughes, of New York City,
vice president and director of Thomson
McKinnon Securities, Inc., where she
manages over $50 million of investment,
and an allied member of the New York
Stock Exchange.
Timothy L. Jenkins, of Washington,
D.C., chairman of the MATCH Institution, a management consultant firm,
formerly a partner in two international
law firms. Jenkins served previously as
special assistant to the Chairman of the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and as an assistant professor of
administrative law at Howard University.
United States Metric Board
Nomination of Two Members. May 19, 1980
The President today announced two
persons whom he will nominate to be
940
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 19
members of the United States Metric
Board. They are:
Marcus B. Crotts, of Winston-Salem,
N.C., a mechanical engineer who is a partner in the firm of Crotts & Saunders
Engineering. He is an active member of
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and has written technical papers
in the fields of dimensional metrology and
metric conversion.
Francis R. Dugan, of Cincinnati, Ohio,
president of the Dugan & Meyers Construction Co. Dugan is president of the
Cincinnati chapter of the Associated General Contractors of America and Associated Contractors of Ohio.
United States Foreign Assistance
Remarks at a White House Briefing for
Members of Congress. May 19, 1980
First of all, let me express my thanks to
the Members of the Congress who've come
here tonight to discuss two very difficult
but very important issues, and then in a
few minutes, after my presentation, to
have our new Secretary of State, Ed
Muskie, give you a brief report on his trip
to Europe and his negotiations with our
allies and friends and also with the Soviet
Foreign Minister. Then we'll be available
to answer your questions on these and
other matters that might be of interest to
you.
For a President who wants to keep our
Nation at peace and not use a tremendous
military arsenal that is available to me as
Commander in Chief, it's necessary to call
on the Congress to help me in meeting the
challenge or the competition with the Soviet Union in various places in the world,
particularly in Africa; to stop the encroachment of Cuban-engendered com
munism throughout Central America and
the Caribbean; and to meet the challenge
that remains after the Vietnam experience
in Southeast Asia. This is not an easy challenge to meet without using weapons. It's
incumbent on the Congress to give me the
economic tools with which to meet these
challenges.
This year, the Congress has not yet been
willing to do so. This is not a matter of
liberalism versus conservatism, because,
in my judgment, it's as extremely important for a conservative, who believes in human rights and the preservation of our
way of life and the meeting of a communist challenge, to do so in a bold and effective and courageous way without
regards to the demagogic approach on
foreign aid that might appeal to some
members of a constituency. And for those
who profess to be liberals, it's extremely
important to protect human rights, to
meet the needs of hungry people, and to
spread the beneficial effect of democracy
and freedom and our way of life. There is
no incompatibility depending upon a
philosophical point of view, nor is there a
distinction legitimately to be drawn between Democrats and Republicans.
As you all know, the way that we meet
these challenges in Southeast Asia, in
Africa, and our own hemisphere is
through our economic or foreign aid program. It's varied in makeup; it's highly
focused when it needs to be on a bilateral
basis; and it also expands tremendously
the investment of a dollar of American
foreign aid or loan money to benefit us
with trade, with the growth of our national product, and the beneficial effect of
the impact of all the Western democratic
nations on the nonaligned, sometimes uncertain, uncommitted, but searching developing countries.
In the World Bank, a dollar that's invested from American allocations of
941
70-808 0 - 81 - 61: QL 3
May 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
funds by you is multiplied 50 times overfor every dollar of American money, the
World Bank can lend $50. The International Monetary Fund, which makes
available very sound loans to countries,
also imposes on them a rigid fiscal discipline and has saved many nations from
chaos by imposing on them, in a negotiated manner, a sound fiscal policy. Sometimes the leaders of those nations privately
express their gratitude to the IMF for
making them do what they know ought
to be done to control runaway inflation
and an imbalanced budget that would
lead ultimately to chaos, revolution, and
disintegration of the societal structure of
that nation.
This year, at this moment, we have six
different foreign aid bills still not passed
by the House. Today the Senate did agree
to the authorization bill for the supplementary development allocation for Central America, primarily for Nicaragua.
The money will still have to be appropriated for it.
As you know, for the last roughly 35
years, with the full knowledge and consultation of the Congress, our country has
committed itself to the multilateral development banks, multinational development banks for a certain portion of loans.
This is the first time in 35 years that the
Congress has not honored that commitment. This is embarrassing for our country, and, as you know, the multilateral
development banks have now not been
making loans for 6 months. In the meantime, small nations who would be our
friends, who are desperate for those
loans-some loans relatively modest in
size, measured by our standards-are sitting in limbo, facing potential financial
catastrophes.
Our allies and trading partners whom
we are calling upon to support our position with Iran and Afghanistan and other
very sensitive matters feel that the United
States has welched on its commitment.
You know what a devastating economic
impact the closing of a community bank
in your city would mean, particularly if
it was the only bank that could make
loans, for a 6-month's period.
We've now worked out in the conference committee a level of commitment to
these banks, that will now come before
you for a vote again, that's $412 million
below what our promise was, what our
negotiated commitment was. I hope that
the House will support this commitment.
Every time we have put a dollar in
economic aid on a foreign aid basis for
the last number of years, it's resulted in
an increase of about $3 for the American
gross national product. Our trade with
the less-developed countries of the world
now exceeds the trade with all of Western
Europe, all of Eastern Europe, plus the
Soviet Union. And, in addition to this, we
can provide in a beneficial way a partnership agreement with those small and potentially friendly countries where we can
be provided with their raw materials and
sell them finished products, providing jobs
for our own country.
I have no way to express as deeply as
I feel the need for your support for this
legislation. We have been operating under
a continuing resolution since October 1 on
the 1980 foreign assistance appropriations. The conference report, as you
know, will include military assistance, economic support, development assistance,
money for the refugee program, money
for disaster relief, for the control of narcotics, the multilateral development
banks, the Peace Corps, the Eximbankthese kinds of programs are included
within the legislation for which the Congress has not yet passed the appropriations
for 1980. And, of course, the 1981 authorization bill has the same function and pro
942
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 19
grams, and, of course, we'll be following
that with appropriations for foreign aid.
I think all of you realize that about half
of the authorized money about $2I/2
billion-goes for the Mideast peace settlement. And in addition, countries like
Turkey, Greece, Morocco, many others,
are dependent on us to sustain their forms
of government, and it's been a very successful program for many years in the past.
I hope that you will help with this legislation. It's been sharply reduced from
what we asked and from what we need.
It's a good investment for our country. It
honors the commitment that our Nation
has made with your knowledge and based
on historical precedent. There are no surprises in it. It is in conformity with the
balanced budget proposal that I put
forward.
We have disaster relief in this legislation. I think all of you remember the
Caribbean hurricane relief and the Italian
earthquake relief. There was $73 million
in the conference report, in the original
proposal we made. That's been cut from
$73 million down to $20 million. It's
typical of the kind of cuts that have already been made in conference and which
the House has still not passed.
In a few minutes, Ed Muskie will make
some brief comments to you. But before he
does, I'd like to make one other appeal to
you, and that is a nonrelated subject, but
a very important subject.
In the first part of March, after consultations with the leadership in the House
and Senate, Democrats and Republicans,
the leadership of the budget committees
and the appropriations committees, the
Members of the Congress came to the
Cabinet Room and asked me to impose an
oil import conservation fee that was the
equivalent of 10 cents a gallon for gasoline. I accepted this recommendation by
the Members of Congress and imposed the
fee. It required no action of the Congress.
I did it just before the Illinois primary,
and it was a highly publicized move. It
was not politically attractive, but the primary results were gratifying to me, and I
don't think I've suffered materially from
it.
I don't ask the Congress to take any action on it. I ask you not to take any action
to remove the authority that I have now
and have always had since I've been in office and that my predecessors had, to impose such a fee to cut down on unwarranted imports of oil.
Ten cents is a very small tax on gasoline. Compared to other major consuming
nations, it's almost insignificant. But it
sends a clear signal to our allies and other
consuming nations to restrain themselves
and to cut down on their own imports and
to remove the pressure from the worldwide oil supply market. It also sends a very
clear signal to the OPEC countries, the
Saudis and others, who are now producing
more oil than they choose to produce, but
are doing so to maintain a stable price.
And, in my judgment, if the Congress
should act over my veto to remove the oil
conservation fee authority from me, we'll
have much greater prices increased by
OPEC than we would have otherwise, and
it'll make it almost impossible for us to
have a joint or common conservation effort by the major oil-importing nations.
So, I ask you to help me in this respect
by not supporting the legislative attempts
to remove from me the ability that the
President has had for a long time, to impose the conservation fee that I've described. It will result in roughly 100,000
barrels less imported at the end of a year;
at the end of 2%2 or 3 years, 250,000 barrels less oil to be imported into our country. Last year, we imported about $60 billion worth of oil from overseas. This year
943
May 19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
we expect $90 billion of oil imports from
foreign countries, which amounts to about
$400 for every man, woman, and child in
this country. And my appeal to you is to
help me with this particular act. It requires no action on your part, just to refrain from acting. That's what I ask you
to do.
As you know, the Federal courts have
ruled, at the district court level, that the
method of allocating the fee just to gasoline is illegal. We are appealing this ruling, and I'm perfectly willing to fight my
battle in the court.
Let me say in closing that the easiest
legislation in the world to find fault with
is probably foreign aid. It's easy to demagog the issue, and you can always find
some reason at home in the fourth district of Georgia or the third district in
Georgia, where I'm from, to justify voting
against foreign aid. But when you come
down to the question-is our Nation going
to meet its commitments; is our Nation
going to be able, short of military action,
to compete successfully with the Soviet
Union for the hearts and minds and
friendships and trade of the developing
nations on Earth; are we going to be able
to prove to those nations that a democratic
country like ours, the most powerful on
Earth, is a responsible partner for them
to have, a responsible friend, with an
investment that pays rich dividends, that
provides American jobs, that's greatly
magnified in its beneficial effect, that helps
those who are suffering to have more to
eat, to let them produce energy of their
own that will alleviate worldwide shortages-these kinds of questions, the answers are obviously yes.
And I ask you to consider these matters
in a statesmanlike way and add your vote
in the next few days, maybe even tomorrow, to pass these cutdown bills, that are
lower than we need but at least will let
the multilateral development banks and
others resume functioning after they've
been shut down now with no loans because of American intransigence for as
long as 6 months.
NOTE: The President spoke at 6:54 p.m. in the
East Room at the White House.
Friendship Force
Remarks at a Reception for South American
Participants in the Program. May 19, 1980
First of all, let me express my thanks to
the First Lady for that very wonderful
introduction. I'm always the second on
the program when she is present, but I
always enjoy it, because she has been so
remarkably in the lead in setting up the
Friendship Force, which I believe, from a
historical perspective in the future, will
be looked upon as one of the great new
ideas that has been benefiting our Nation
during this period of our lives.
We've had more than 30,000 people
who have left our country and come from
other countries to stay in private homesin the homes of schoolteachers and firemen and engineers and laborers, farmers-just to learn about one another and
to become not temporary friends, but lifetime friends, and have been about 70,000
others who have been in host families
who've received these visitors from foreign
countries. The government puts no
money into it, which is particularly attractive to someone trying to balance the
budget. [Laughter] But there is a benefit
to all governments who are eager for
peace and understanding and good will
between countries.
In 1972 I was Governor of the State of
Georgia, and Rosalynn and I went on a
944
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 20
trip to Mexico, to Colombia, to Brazil, to
Argentina, to Costa Rica. And in every
country that we visited, we saw the
friendship and the eagerness to know
more about the people in North America,
the United States.
I made a special friend, Dr. Pereira
Lopez, a truly remarkable man. I can't
say that he's typical of those we met, because he's special. He's a medical doctor,
he's one of the leading industrialists of
Brazil, he was the president of the Brazilian Congress when I was there. He had a
magnificent reception for me in the yard
of the home of the Brazilian Congress
president, overlooking a beautiful lake.
I remember he asked me to hold hands
with the members of the Congress, and we
had a prayer. And he's a man who has
helped his own local region, Sao Carlos;
one of the founders of a major university
there. When I visited the Congress in
Brasilia, he let me meet with and speak
to the committee on foreign relations and
let us feel at home when we could have
been embarrassed as just strangers or tourists in a foreign country.
We had a chance to stop in Belem, in
Recife, the capital of Pernambuco, which
became our sister state. We went to Sao
Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, to Americana, to
Manaus. And I think one of the most remarkable experiences of my life was to
travel not too far from Sao Paulo to a
town called Americana, where we visited
a community that had been established by
Americans who left here after the War
Between the States and established a new
home in Brazil. They still spoke English,
the right kind of English-with a good
southern accent. [Laughter] And there
were Carters and Johnsons and Weisners
and Smiths, and they still loved this country, but they loved Brazil as their home.
And those ties that bound them together
were very strong ones, and now the ties
that bind Colombia and Brazil to our
country are just as strong because of personal friendships.
So, as President of a great nation, I
want to express my thanks to you who've
come here from Colombia and from
Brazil, two great nations, and say that you
have a responsibility along with me and
other government officials to find the
common ground on which we can stand
to build a better life for all based on
friendship and love, one for another.
Thank you for being here. Vaya con
Dios. [May God be with you.]
NOTE: The President spoke at approximately
8:45 p.m. in the Pan American Union Building.
Intergovernmental Maritime
Consultative Organization
Convention
Message to the Senate Transmitting
Amendments to the Convention.
May 20, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for the advice and
consent of the Senate to acceptance,
amendments to the Convention on the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative
Organization signed at Geneva March 6,
1948 (the IMCO Convention). The
amendments were adopted on November
15, 1979, by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) at its eleventh session.
These amendments are part of a series
of amendments, negotiated with a view to
bringing the Convention up-to-date given
945
May 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
changes of membership and structure that
have occurred since its entry into force in
1958. Other amendments in this series
were transmitted to the Senate for advice
and consent to acceptance on May 3,
1979.
Membership in IMCO has grown from
21 member States in 1958 to 113 member
States in 1979. This expansion of membership gave rise to concern that the
IMCO Council did not give adequate
representation to member States within its
existing structure. Three of the four
amendments transmitted today address
this problem; they increase the number of
members on the Council, and the number
of Council members required to constitute
a quorum at Council meetings; and they
provide for the distribution of Council
membership among member States with
interests in international shipping, international seaborne trade, and other special
interests in maritime transport or navigation. These amendments will ensure adequate representation on the Council of the
newly expanded membership.
The fourth amendment provides for a
member State to give notification of its
withdrawal from IMCO should an
amendment to which it is strongly opposed be accepted by two thirds of the
member States. Presently such acceptance
triggers the automatic entry into force of
an amendment for all member States.
Under the proposed amendment, a member State would have the option of withdrawing from IMCO rather than subjecting itself to an amendment with which it
did not agree.
Support for these amendments, as well
as for those transmitted on May 3, 1979,
will contribute to the interest of the
United States in facilitating cooperation
among maritime nations. To that end, I
urge the Senate to give early and favorable consideration to the amendments and
give its advice and consent to their
acceptance.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 20, 1980.
International Convention on
Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979
Message to the Senate Transmitting the
Convention. May 20, 1980
To the Senate of the United States:
I transmit herewith, for the advice and
consent of the Senate to ratification, the
International Convention on Maritime
Search and Rescue, 1979, with Annex,
signed on behalf of the United States on
November 6, 1979. For the information of
the Senate, I transmit also the report of
the Department of State with respect to
the Convention and a copy of the Final
Act of the International Conference on
Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979,
adopting the Convention.
The Convention provides for the first
comprehensive approach to international
search and rescue service for world shipping, by establishing a plan to coordinate
international facilities for the rescue of
persons in distress at sea. It does for the
maritime services what the search and
rescue provisions of Annex 12 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation
do for the aviation services. The Convention will serve to promote cooperation
among organizations around the world
946
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 20
participating in search and rescue operations at sea.
For these reasons, I urge the Senate to
give this Convention prompt consideration, and its advice and consent to
ratification.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 20, 1980.
The Cyprus Conflict
Letter to the Speaker of the House and the
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee. May 20, 1980
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. Chairman:)
In accordance with the provisions of
Public Law 95-384, I am submitting the
following report on progress made during
the past 60 days toward the conclusion of
a negotiated solution of the Cyprus
problem.
The intercommunal talks have not yet
resumed. In order to circumvent the difficulties that caused the breakdown of the
talks last June, Secretary General Waldheim suggested to the two Cypriot communities a formula under which both
sides might return to the intercommunal
table and begin concrete negotiations on
the substantive aspects of the Cyprus
problem. Neither community was able to
accept all elements of the Secretary General's proposals. Despite intensive efforts,
the Secretary General and his representative have, so far, been unable to achieve
agreement on a compromise formula.
However, in a report to the General
Assembly on the Cyprus question dated
April 2, 1980, Mr. Waldheim states that
he continues "to hold to the opinion that
the intercommunal talks, if properly used,
represent the best available method for
negotiating a just and lasting political
settlement of the Cyprus problem based
on the legitimate rights of the two communities." A copy of the Secretary General's report is attached.
Both communities on Cyprus have welcomed the news that the Secretary General plans to continue his efforts, and both
have reaffirmed their belief that the intercommunal talks are the best means of
negotiating a fair and permanent solution
to the Cyprus problem. I, too, am pleased
that the Secretary General plans to continue his search for a Cyprus settlement.
The United States fully supports his pursuit of a solution.
While Secretary General Waldheim's
proposal for resuming the talks has not
yet met with success, his proposal contains a sound basis for achieving a resumption of negotiations. Both communities must make renewed and sincere
efforts to cooperate with the Secretary
General as he endeavors to bridge the remaining differences.
During the past 60 days, there have
been a number of informal contacts between various groups of Greek and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus. It is heartening
that some lines of communication are being re-established between the two communities; these may help establish an
atmosphere more conducive to reaching
a permanent solution to the island's
problems.
Sincerely,
JIMMY CARTER
NOTE: This is the text of identical letters addressed to Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr., Speaker of
the House of Representatives, and Frank
Church, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
947
May 20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Budget Rescission and Deferrals
Message to the Congress. May 20, 1980
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with the Impoundment
Control Act of 1974, I herewith report a
proposal to rescind $12.4 million in
budget authority previously provided by
the Congress. In addition, I am reporting
six revisions to previously transmitted deferrals increasing the amount deferred by
$130.6 million.
The rescission proposal involves law enforcement assistance in the Department of
Justice. The revisions to existing deferrals
involve programs in the Departments of
Defense, Energy and Justice, and the Environmental Protection Agency.
The details of the rescission proposal
and each deferral are contained in the attached reports.
JIMMY CARTER
The White House,
May 20, 1980.
NOTE: The attachments detailing the rescission
and deferrals are printed in the FEDERAL REGISTER of May 23, 1980.
United States International Trade
Commission
Designation of William R. Alberger as
Chairman. May 20, 1980
The President today announced that he
will designate William R. Alberger as
Chairman of the U.S. International
Trade Commission (ITC). Alberger has
been a member of the ITC since 1977 and
Vice Chairman since 1978.
He was born October 11, 1945, in Portland, Oreg. He received a B.A. from Willamette University in 1967, an M.B.A.
from the University of Iowa in 1971, and
a J.D. from Georgetown University Law
Center in 1973.
Alberger was legislative assistant to
Representative Al Ullman from 1972 to
1975 and was his administrative assistant
from 1975 to 1977. In 1977, before his
appointment to the ITC, he was administrative assistant to the House Ways and
Means Committee.
White House Fellows
Appointment of 17 Fellows for the 1980-81
Program. May 20, 1980
The President today announced the appointments of the White House Fellows
for the 1980-81 year. This is the 16th class
of Fellows since the program began in
1964.
The 17 Fellows were chosen from
among 1,525 applicants and screened by
11 regional panels. The President's Commission on White House Fellowships,
chaired by John Gardner, interviewed 34
national finalists before recommending the
17 persons to the President. Their year of
Government service will begin on September 1, 1980.
The 1980-81 White House Fellows are:
JOAN ABRAHAMSON, 28, of San Francisco,
Calif., associate, McCutchen, Doyle, Brown
& Enersen, San Francisco;
AMELIA JANE BRADLEY, 33, of Alexandria,
Va., attorney, partner, Cohen & Annand,
P.C., Alexandria;
THOMAS JOHN CAMPBELL, 27, of Chicago, Ill.,
attorney, associate, Winston and Strawn,
Chicago;
MARK ALAN CLODFELTER, 29, of Flint, Mich.,
State representative, Michigan House of
Representatives, State Capitol, Lansing;
BRUCE GREGORY DEW, 28, of West Columbia,
S.C., associate chief judge, county of Lexington, Lexington;
948
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 21
JOHN WESLEY HOLMES, 34, of Stamford,
Conn., section head, transportation operations, supply & transportation department,
Exxon International Company, New York;
EMMA COLEMAN JORDAN, 33, of Davis, Calif.,
professor, University of California School of
Law, Davis;
MICHAEL KARL KORENKO, 34, of Rockville,
Md., materials research manager, Westinghouse-Hanford Engineering Development
Laboratory, Richland, Wash.;
HAROLD ELIOT KRENTS, 35, of Washington,
D.C., attorney, private practice, Washington, D.C.;
GAEL CAUTION-LEBBY, 26, of Columbia, S.C.,
psychology intern, William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, Columbia;
PHOEBE DIANE MORSE, 31, of Montpelier, Vt.,
secretary o1 civil and military affairs, Office
of the Governor, Montpelier;
MARY MARGARET McKEOWN, 29, of Seattle,
Wash., attorney, associate, Perkins, Coie,
Stone, Olsen & Williams, Seattle and Washington, D.C.;
ALEXANDER R. H. RODRIGUEZ, 34, of Carlsbad,
Calif., lieutenant commander, U.S. Navy;
Director, Family Medical Health Clinic,
Naval Regional Medical Center, Camp
Pendleton, Calif.;
KELSEY PHIPPS SELANDER, 28, of Midland,
Mich., superintendent of drivers, servicemen
and custodians, Dow Corning Corp., Midland;
MERRIE SPAETH, 31, of New York, N.Y., independent television producer, WarnerAmex, and ABC "20-20", New York;
DAVID JONATHAN VIDAL, 33, of New York,
N.Y., metropolitan staff reporter, the New
York Times, New York;
WALLACE EARL WALKER, 35, of Ft. Leavenworth, Kans., major, U.S. Army, permanent
associate professor, department of social sciences, U.S. Military Academy, West Point,
N.Y.
President's Commission on
White House Fellowships
Appointment of Two Members. May 21, 1980
The President today announced the appointment of two persons as members of
the President's Commission on White
House Fellowships. They are:
PHYLLIS R. BLEIWEIS, of Gainesville, Fla.,
owner of PRB Consulting, a public relations
firm. She is active in community and civic
affairs in Gainesville; and
ARTHUR H. HOUSE, administrative assistant
to Senator Abraham Ribicoff. House was
a White House Fellow in 1975-76.
National Institute of Education
Appointment of Gladys Chang Hardy as
Deputy Director. May 21, 1980
The President today announced his intention to appoint Gladys Chang Hardy,
of Arlington, Va., to be Deputy Director of the National Institute of Education
(NIE) a new position. Hardy was Deputy Director of NIE under the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
from 1977 until the establishment of the
Department of Education earlier this
month.
She was born February 12, 1929, in
Shanghai, China. She received a B.A.
from Sarah Lawrence College in 1950.
Hardy was a reporter and writer with
NBC from 1949 to 1951 and with CBS
from 1951 to 1953. From 1953 to 1955,
she was a Foreign Area Fellow of the
Ford Foundation, and from 1955 to 1956,
she was chief researcher at NBC. From
1956 to 1957, she was coproducer and
manager of "Living Future" for Time,
Inc.
From 1957 to 1960, Hardy was research assistant to the president of the
Ford Foundation's Fund for the Advancement of Education. From 1959 to 1966,
she was a program associate at the Ford
Foundation.
From 1966 to 1967, Hardy was Director of the Office of Planning and
949
May 21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Analysis at the National Endowment for
the Humanities. From 1967 to 1972, she
was special assistant to the president and
director of the office of institutional research and planning at Boston University.
From 1972 to 1973, Hardy was undersecretary of educational affairs of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts. From
1974 to 1977, she was secretary of the
University of Massachusetts and secretary
to the board of trustees.
Portland, Oregon
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Reporters Following an Inspection Tour
of Areas Damaged by the Mount St. Helens
Eruption. May 22, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. First of all I'd like to
make a statement that summarizes my
own experience during the last few hours
and describe the relationship among the
Federal, State, and local government officials and agencies and the private people
who will be facing the challenge of repairing the damage done by the recent
volcanic explosion. And then following
that I'll answer a couple questions about
the Mount St. Helens explosion and
eruption. I might have to call on some of
my advisers to help me with the answers.
My overwhelming sense, as President,
is to commend the people of the Northwest region of our country for the tremendous courage and presence of mind that
has been shown here and the cooperation
among the people in dealing with one of
the most remarkable and formidable natural phenomena, I guess, of all recorded
time. The calmness and the cooperation
that's been shown and which must be
shown in the future is one of the most im
portant single factors in minimizing the
damage that was potentially catastrophic.
This is a natural disaster of unprecedented dimensions, and of course we
deeply regret the injury and the loss of
life. But it could have been infinitely
worse had there not been careful preparation and had there not been an instant
and very effective response Sunday morning after the explosion and the eruption
took place.
I've just come, along with Governor
Ray, Governor Evans, the members of the
congressional delegation, and other officials in my Cabinet as well, from traveling
up the Columbia or down the Columbia
River and observing the Cowlitz and the
Toutle River valleys. We approached the
Mount St. Helens area where Spirit
Lake used to be, and we talked with people at the Cascade Middle School who
had been evacuated from their homes. In
the process, we have all been able to share
experiences and to share plans for the future among the local, State, and Federal
officials who will have to work together as
a team in the future.
It's very important to realize that I
have already responded with the declaration of a national disaster, at the request
of Governor Ray, for the State of Washington, and of course, the other States
that are impacted heavily, primarily to the
west of here, but to some degree to the
south of the explosion, will also be accommodated as soon as I receive those
requests.
The Federal Emergency Management
Agency will be primarily responsible for
the coordination of the combined effort.
John Macy, the Director of that agency,
is here with me, and Bob Stevens will be
my representative in this region in the
weeks and the months ahead. Obviously
there will be a wide range of assistance
necessary, and it will be provided by
950
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 22
whichever agency is primarily responsible
for that service. Funding for all these services will also be provided, a major portion,
of course, by individuals who own homes
and businesses, by local officials, county
and city level, by States involved, and of
course by the Federal Government as well.
Our first priority, which has been handled so well, even before I arrived, is to
deal with human needs. I met with a
group of people who have been evacuated
from their home, primarily in the valley
region around the Toutle River. They
seem to have been well taken care of. The
school officials, the local police officials,
the Red Cross, and others have done a
very good job there, and they will be moving back into their homes as soon as transportation is open for them.
I'm very pleased that the early concerns
about severe health consequences and environmental consequences and the threat
of an immediate additional flood that
could be even more devastating, those
concerns have been alleviated to a substantial degree. The ash which is covering an
enormous region of the Northwest is benign in nature. It is not toxic. It is not
acid. It has about the same acidity as normal rainfall. In the long run, when it has
been accommodated into the ground, I
understand that it will not be harmful at
all to the quality of the soil nor to the
crops growing there. We will be closely
monitoring its effect on presently growing
crops, but the early expectations of serious
damage I don't believe will be realized.
The damage will be minimal.
Obviously the lack of transportation is
causing a problem for farmers and particularly dairy farmers, because they cannot get their products to market. There
will be, obviously, some damage economically, as well, to others who are involved
in the transportation of goods and the
production of food. Damage to fisheries
in these particular river areas will be
severe. We don't have any idea how long
it'll take them to recover.
Many homes have been destroyed or
presently isolated. Timber harvest has
been interrupted. About 150 square miles
of very rich timber region has been destroyed. Some of the trees that have been
felled and not covered by ash can be harvested over a period of months, maybe 2
or 3 years at the most. Some of this is on
private land, some, Federal forest land,
some State land-I think about 40 percent private, 40 percent Federal, 20 percent State. The Secretary of Agriculture
is here, responsible for the Federal efforts
in forestry, and he will, of course, coordinate our efforts there.
The Corps of Engineers has already
started opening up a channel in the Columbia River, which was almost completely closed to seagoing traffic, as you
know, by the massive flood of ash, mud,
down the Toutle River, Cowlitz, and into
the Columbia. Eventually we'll have as
many as eight major dredges there removing the material that has been deposited in the channel. That effort will
be expedited as much as possible. The
Secretary of the Army is here with me,
responsible ultimately for the Corps of
Engineers, and I think they deserve a
great deal of credit in having moved so
rapidly and, I think, so successfully.
There is a substantial economic impact
on this area around the Columbia River,
the port system, because of interrupted
transportation of goods that needs to be
marketed through seagoing traffic.
The Department of Interior is also
represented here; the Forest and the National Park system, of course, are very
closely related.
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May 22
May 22Administration of Jimmy Carter., 1980
We don't know what will happen in the
future. This is one of the most devastating but also one of the most interesting
scientific events in recorded history. My
own science adviser, Dr. Frank Press, is
here. His specialty is in geology. He has
made a deep study of earthquakes and
volcanic actions, just coincidentally. He
will be working with those who've been
on the scene here for many years. Governor Ray, Governor Evans, and others
will help to set up a special science advisory committee just to deal with the
Mount St. Helens phenomenon and
what might occur in the future. This will
help to increase even further the degree
of safety that has been achieved already
and, of course, will provide scientific
knowledge and experience that might
lead to benefits in other areas of the
world.
And finally, I'd like to say that I will be
going from here to Spokane to see the
kind of damage that has been created over
large areas of the Northwest by the heavy
fallout of ash. The removal of this ash, the
adverse consequences of its being incorporated into internal combustion engines,
its interruption of transportation by
clogged waterways and also by highways
is going to take a long time to correct.
There will be an enormous expense involved, and the correction or the repair
of damage done by the Mount St.
Helens eruption will undoubtedly take
years or perhaps even decades before it
can be completely corrected or repaired.
Soil erosion will be continuous and severe
in the river basin areas north and west of
Mount St. Helens, and creating some kind
of growth on the land to minimize soil
erosion will be a challenge that has not
yet been addressed.
What we will do in the next few days
is to work very closely with Governor Ray,
Governor Evans, and -others to list all the
challenges that face us together and to try
to decide how to allot responsibility, how
to make arrangements for meeting the
heavy financial costs, and how to schedule
these efforts with the maximum involvement of the general public, who must take
care of their own local home needs on
their own as much as possible.
I hope that we will be as fortunate in
the future as we presently expect to be by
having minimal agriculture, economic,
environmental, health, and safety threats.
There obviously was a great deal of concern immediately after the explosion and
eruption. My belief is, after -talking to
scientific advisers and others, that there
is no major immediate threat to the health
or safety of those in this region.
One of the reasons for the loss of life
that has occurred is that tourists and other
interested people-curious people-refused to comply with the directives issued
by the Governor, the local sheriff, the
State patrol and others, and slipped
around highway barricades and entered
the dangerous area when it was well
known to be very dangerous. There has
been a substantial loss of life; about 70
people, I understand, are still missing.
Some are likely never to be found. And I
would like to urge everyone who lives in
this region or who might visit this region
to comply strictly with the directives of
public officials and with the safety precautions that have been evolved for one's
own benefit.
I think it might be good, now, for me to
try to answer just a few questions.
REPORTER. Did you get to see the mountain at all, and, if so, could you describe
it for us?
THE PRESIDENT. No,5 we didn't get all
the way to the mountain because of the
very low clouds and the bad weather. But
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2 2
we got very close to the mountain, were
able to see the lower part of Spirit Lake,
the extremely deep deposits of ash, the
absolute and total devastation of a region
that encompasses about 150 miles. It's the
worst thing I have ever seen. It had been
described to me earlier, but it was much
worse than the description had impressed
me.
I don't know how long it'll take for
that region to be open even for normal
movement of traffic. Enormous blocks of
ice apparently are still covered by literally hundreds of feet of fluffy, face-powder-type ash, and as that ice is melted
under the hot conditions that exist, enormous cave-ins are taking place. Steam is
bubbling up. There are a few fires about.
Someone said it was like a Moonscape
but it's much worse than anything I've
ever seen in pictures of the Moon's
surface.
Fortunately, the number of people in
that region were minimal, but it is literally indescribable in its devastation.
Q. Do your advisers tell you that there
are going to be any more eruptions perhaps of the other volcanos in this vicinity?
THE PRESIDENT. There are people here
who are experts on that. I've listened to
them very carefully. It is very likely that
there will be additional deposits, at least,
of magma coming up out of the volcano
now. Eruptions of some degree are likely.
There was, I think, an earthquake yesterday-a tremor of, I think, scale 4 on the
Richter Scale. And obviously it's unpredictable, but I don't believe there will be
any future explosion as there was now,
because the entire top of the mountain,
about 1,200 feet of it-a cubic mile of
earth has been blown away, and I don't
think there will be an enormous buildup
of pressure there. But if people will abide
by the safety precautions issued by the
Governor and others, in my judgment
there will not be any danger to the health
of people.
Q. Give us your impression, sir, of the
search and rescue effort? The reason I
ask that is that some of the families of
the missing are complaining that the efforts are so disorganized that yesterday,
they organized their own private search
parties to go in and look for the missing.
Could you comment on that, sir?
THE PRESIDENT. I think Governor Ray
would be a better qualified person to comment than would I.
We will make available additional assistance through the Governor for the
National Guard and whatever assistance
is necessary from the Forest Service, the
Parks Service, from the Corps of Engineers in helping to open up transportation routes, and, obviously, from the military forces for surveillance and location of
people, the movement of bodies when
they are discovered-all this will be very
carefully coordinated.
It's dangerous now to go up into that
region because of very low visibility, large
clouds of steam coming out of the melting
ice that's covered up by this hot deposits
of mud, and if you see this site, you will
know that the people that were anywhere
in that close region just could not possibly
have survived. But around the periphery
of the destroyed area, search and rescue
operations can be conducted without danger to the people making the search effort.
My only response is I don't believe that
anything additionally can be done, and
my hope is that private search efforts will
be minimal or, if they are made, that they
will only be conducted after clearance
from those who are in charge of the official search and rescue effort.
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May 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Q. I'd like to get your personal
thoughts-as you flew over the devastation and observed all this from the volcano, what were your personal thoughts?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, my personal
thoughts-I've tried to describe them.
Anyone who flew over-and there were a
good many news people who did-would
know that there is no way to prepare oneself for the sight that we beheld this
morning.
I don't know that there's-in recorded
history in our Nation, that there's ever
been a more formidable explosion. What
happened apparently was a natural explosion equivalent maybe to 10 megatons
of nuclear bombs or 10 million tons of
TNT that swept across, first with a flash
of light and heat-800 to 1,000 degrees
out 12, 15 miles away-that instantly
burned everything that was in direct
visual sight of the explosion itself. This
was later followed, in 2 or 3 minutes, by
the pressure wave, that travels at the
speed of sound. And then that was later
followed by this enormous gush of liquid
rock, mixed with air and to some degree
with ice, that comprised 1 cubic mile of
material. So, the combination of these
three things is just almost indescribable.
I don't want to add a frivolous or a
lighthearted note to a serious discussion,
but I would guess that in the future, a year
from now, or whatever, when access can
be provided under the careful control of
the State and Federal officials, that this
will be a sight that people will come from
all over the world to observe. The impressiveness of the force of nature is overwhelming, and when safe places are fixed
for tourists and others, and scientists, to
come in and observe it, I would say that it
would be, if you'll excuse the expression, a
tourist attraction that would equal the
Grand Canyon or something. It's an unbelievable sight.
But obviously this will come much later,
when the damage to people and their
property can be restored, and when careful plans can be made to provide access to
it by people who want to come and observe it. No one should go in there now
unless they're on official business.
Q. Mr. President, have you gotten any
preliminary estimates-and I know it's
very early-but any preliminary estimates
at all on how much this is actually going
to cost the Federal Government?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I don't know yet.
We'll be preparing that. And of course, it
will be of such a magnitude that a special
request will have to be made. I don't think
we'll be able to accommodate it out of
normal budgeted funds.
Q. I'm Pearl Naley from Skamania
County, where this mountain is, and I was
wondering, did you have a chance, first of
all, to see our county seat? Were you able
to land while you were flying over? Did
you stop?
THE PRESIDENT. No. We landed at
Kelso so that I could visit some of the people who were evacuated and to see how
they were being taken care of.
We'll be leaving here and going to
Spokane. We'll fly in Air Force One as
close to the mountain as possible, perhaps
just to observe it, as a matter of interest.
And we'll be going to Spokane to see the
problems of the removal of the powdered
ash-that, I understand, varies in depth
from half an inch to 5 or 6 inches-in the
western part of Washington, and also in
the northern part of Idaho and other
States as well.
But we did not have a chance to land
in that area. When the helicopter pilot
decided to turn around I did not argue
with him. [Laughter]
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Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 22
Q. We'll invite you back to Skamania
County.
THE PRESIDENT. Good.
Q. I was very interested in the recreation and tourism, because that would provide extra jobs for the people of the Columbia River gorge, and I'm interested in
the public relations of the entire Columbia
River gorge. The funding part of the recreation and tourism hasn't really taken
off yet. Could you give us any indication
of when that might be possible in this devastated area?
THE PRESIDENT. No, I hesitate to mention that, because it's so far in the future.
I really mentioned that only to show the
enormity of the catastrophe or the explosion and how unique it is, at least in my
knowledge, of the entire world. But that
is far in the future, and I don't think it's
any time
Q. In my lifetime?
THE PRESIDENT. Oh, I think so, yes. I
hope you live much longer than that.
Q. Mr. President, what do you think
the value has been of this trip?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, it's let me and
the Secretary of Interior and Agriculture,
the Secretary of the Army, the Director of
our Federal emergency operation, my
major science adviser, we have the Director of the National Institute of Health,
and those who work with them, along
with the congressional delegation from
these Northwestern States, all see at first
hand what the devastation is, which I
could never have dreamed before I came
here; and also see the need for close cooperation in the future, both for correcting the damage as rapidly as possible, as it
relates to human beings, and then to minimize economic losses, and then to devise a
way, slowly, to restore the area, not to its
original condition, because that would be
impossible, but to habitable and safe con
ditions. Also, I think it's let us lay the
groundwork for future assessments of how
to pay for these enormous additional costs.
This is the essence of the reason for our
trip.
And I think it's important, too, to the
news media, to let other people in this
Nation, who are taxpayers and who will
have to share in the costs for the repair of
damage, to know how serious this event
was.
Those are some of the immediate benefits, I would say.
Q. Mr. President, in the area around
St. Helens, there's a mixed ownership of
land, as you know. Is any consideration
being given to a blocking up of the ownership-so that one agency will be in charge
of that entire area?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. As you know,
originally when this area of our Nation
was settled, on alternate sections of land
the railroads had title to it. As a matter
of fact, the very peak of Mount St. Helens
is owned privately now, by the railroad.
There will beQ. It's been spread all over the
countryside.
THE PRESIDENT. That's right. Part of
that land has been spread all over the
countryside. [Laughter] But the location is
still there a little bit deeper.
I talked to the park superintendent, and
over a period of years in the past, and now
maybe at an accelerated degree in the future, there will be an exchange of federally owned land for that particular land
around Mount St. Helens to bring it under Federal control, not only for its protection from change, so that it can be
observed in its natural state as much as
possible, but also to ensure safety and
proper access to it for scientists and others.
955
May 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
My guess is that over a period of time
the Mount St. Helens explosion will be
one of intense interest to geologists and
volcanologists and others from all over
the world, and it'll be a scientific
curiosity in the finest sense of that word.
So, I would guess to you that there will be
an accelerated effort by the Federal Government, and Cecil Andrus is here, the
Secretary of Interior.
Q. Would that include the removal of
any of the timber that's down now, rather
than leaving it in the state in which it
now exists?
THE PRESIDENT. I think there will be
an effort to remove that timber instead of
leaving it, because if you left it, it would
only be there for 3 or 4 or 5 years before
it decayed. And my hope is that we can
have an accelerated harvesting of that
timber, maybe providing additional jobs
in that transition phase.
As I said earlier, I think about 40 percent of the downed timber is privately
owned and about 40 by the Federal Government and 20 by the State, roughly.
There's about 150 square miles north of
Mount St. Helens that's devastated.
There's no living timber in it.
Maybe one more question.
Q. Mr. President, there hasn't been a
major volcanic eruption in this country in
well over 50 years. Is the Federal Government adequately prepared to deal with a
disaster of this magnitude, or can residents of this region expect some delays
and government snafus?
THE PRESIDENT. I can't promise you
that I as President have the ability to prevent a volcanic eruption. [Laughter] And
my own experience is that government
snafus are quite often not delayed.
[Laughter]
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 11:03 a.m. in
Salon F at the Marriott Hotel.
Spokane, Washington
Remarks and a Question-and-Answer Session
With Reporters Following a Meeting With
State and Community Leaders. May 22, 1980
THE PRESIDENT. I'd like to make a
brief statement and then answer a few
questions, limiting the questions to the
Mount St. Helens explosion and eruption
and the aftereffects of it.
This is a brief trip for me, but I wanted
to come here with the Director of our
Federal emergency management administration, responsible for the coordination
of all the Federal efforts and the cooperation with local and State officials and
others who are responsible for the alleviation of the problems that have arisen with
the explosion and eruption. Also the Secretary of Agriculture is with me; the Secretary of Interior is here, the Secretary of
the Army, responsible for the Corps of
Engineers work. I have my own science
adviser from the White House, who's an
expert on geology and who specializes,
coincidentally, in the kinds of problems
that have now arisen. In addition, of
course, we have other major officials; the
Director of the National Institute of
Health is along. They have been consulting very closely with State officials on
how we might better cooperate in the future to minimize any danger or adverse
effect of the Mount St. Helens explosion.
It's been one of the most powerful and
destructive national and natural phenom
956
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 22
ena in history. There's nothing in recorded history to equal what has been
exerted here in force in the continental
United States, equivalent, some have estimated, to 10 million tons of TNT or a
10-megaton bomb exploding of atomic
power.
I've flown into the area to see the devastation there, and it's truly unbelievable. Of course, east of the explosion was
where most of the dust has settled, and
this is a very troubling problem for us. In
the area of Richfield, and about a 40-mile
radius around there, is the heaviest concentration of this fallout material. It's 3
to 5 inches deep. Transportation is still
obtsructed in that area, and, of course,
here in Spokane there was about a half
inch of the material deposited on the
ground.
The rain has alleviated an immediate
problem of the fine dust in the air, but I
hope that everyone, as the material dries
out, will continue to wear facemasks of
some kind to minimize the material that
will go into one's lungs.
We have assessed county by county already the damage being done here in
eastern Washington, in Montana, and the
northern panhandle area of Idaho and
to some lesser degree in other States. This
material is not toxic. Over a period of
time it can be incorporated readily into
the soil. There will undoubtedly be some
damage to agriculture. Now those who
produce milk are finding it impossible to
market in some regions, of course, and the
milk is having to be dumped, but we
don't know of any troubling aspect of the
long-range effect of the ash concentration
in the degree that it is in most parts of
eastern Washington.
We will continue to work very closely
with Governor Ray, with Governor Evans,
and others who are responsible for the
State effort, and of course, with local government officials on a continuing basis.
One of the important aspects of any
catastrophe like this is the concerted effort
of individual citizens. There has been a
remarkable absence of panic and a tremendous exhibition of patriotism, cooperation, and community effort to clean up
in this region, and I want to congratulate
the people here for that attitude and hope
it will continue.
The first responsibility, obviously, will
be on individual citizens. The cities are
doing the best job they can, under very
difficult circumstances. Many tourists and
others in some very small communities
have exacerbated the problem. We have
begun now to see transportation open up.
We have, in addition to that, a need
for considering how to finance the
cleanup efforts that will be necessary,
and, of course, we will go to the Congress
for additional funds. Governor Ray and
Governor Evans will have to provide additional State funds, and the local governments, of course, will have a responsibility
as well. I recognize that in some areas
funds cannot be increased through additional taxation. There will have to be a
change in priorities in some degree, but
I will ultimately be responsible for this
coordination of effort.
I'd like now to ask for any questions.
I'll answer two or three questions if I've
overlooked something in which you
REPORTER. Mr. President, what specific
requests were made to you by some of the
local officials upstairs in the meeting?
THE PRESIDENT. They requested specifically that there be a local concentration of effort by the National Guard in
the use of equipment that's already in
this area. This is a joint Federal-State responsibility, as you know. Governor Evans
957
70-808 0 - 81 - 62: QL 3
May 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
requested that I declare an emergency for
eight counties in the panhandle region of
Idaho, and I've done this verbally and
it'll be done in writing as soon as I get
back to Washington and get his request.
Obviously, the large cities like Spokane,
once they get a moderate degree of
cleanup completed, can help the surrounding smaller communities that don't
have the trucks, the graders, and other
things that are required.
We will assess on a county-by-county
basis the agricultural problems. I have
authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to
extend the storage period for wheat. As
you know, the time was to run out at the
end of May for the storage of carryover
wheat. Since the transportation facilities,
a few places like Portland and down the
Columbia River, are restrained right now
because of silting in the Columbia River,
we've extended that time for 1 month
and, if necessary, will extend it additionally for certain regions of the impacted
areas.
Those are the kinds of requests that we
have received so far.
Q. Mr. President, what does the Federal declaration mean to the average
homeowner and to the average farmer?
THE PRESIDENT. Well, it means that in
particular instances, low-interest loans can
be made for the repair of damage. In
some instances, direct grants will be available-or funds, but this is an extraordinary case where the damage is very severe
and of a nature that can't possibly be handled by the family or the business person.
It obviously means that the National
Guard can be used and Federal forces can
be concentrated in this region.
We have in addition to that, surveillance going on in the damaged area
around-north of Mount St. Helens,
where we are still searching for roughly
71 people who are missing. And both recovery of bodies and the search and rescue
operation is being conducted by Federal
agencies like the forestry service and the
Interior Department with the Park
Service.
We also are permitted to go ahead on
an emergency basis, without adequate
funding assured, to dredge the channel in
the Columbia River. We hope that in,
say, 3 days, we'll have a one-way channel
at least 25 feet deep to get the ships out
into the ocean who are now stranded in
the Portland Harbor.
These are the kinds of activities that
can go on immediately under an emergency declaration.
Q. Mr. President, has there been any
other indication on more volcanic activity
of a very substantial nature of Mount St.
Helens?
THE PRESIDENT. Yes. Most of the volcanologists believe that there will be additional activity involving Mount St.
Helens with heavy magma bubbling up
from in the Earth and forming a new
dome there. They believe, however, that
the tremendous pressures that build up
in Mount St. Helens that resulted in the
explosion will not be repeated, because
the cone of the mountain has been destroyed, approximately 1 cubic mile of
earth and rocks have been blown away
by the explosion, and the mountain is now
about 1,200 feet lower than it used to be.
So, this has vented out those tremendous
pressures that built up that resulted in
explosive force. But I think there will be
further eruptions. Yesterday there was an
earth tremor that measured about 4 on the
Richter Scale, which is serious but not
damaging.
My hope is that people who would be
sightseers will stay away from the area.
958
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2 2
Prior to the eruption, there was kind of
an organized effort by many people to circumvent roadblocks and to go into an
area that was acknowledged to be dangerous. Many of those will never again be
found. That's a large portion of those who
are still missing, is those who did not obey
the safety precautions.
So, I think there is no immediate
danger. What we thought originally, that
the ash might be toxic, is not true. It is
not toxic. It has about the same acidity as
normal rainfall, for instance. There is no
poisonous materials in the ash. We were
afraid there would be very severe adverse
environmental problems. That is not the
case. We thought that Spirit Lake might
be on the verge of a massive break
through the dam that was formed by the
ash and might flood Kelso and other cities
further downstream. We don't believe
that's a real danger now. It'll probably,
over a long evolutionary period, cut
through that damming material and form
a new channel in effect.
So, the immediate fear, I think, has
been alleviated in these kinds of instances.
Q. Mr. President, have you been advised as to how much the rainfall has
helped?
THE PRESIDENT. It's hard to say. I
think you here in Spokane would see that
the situation now with the material compacted to about a half or a third of its
former depth and the particles in the air
being constrained by the rainfall has
helped. What will occur in the future, I
don't know, but obviously rainfall has
helped.
We don't know what the long-range
effect is. We will be concentrating a
special science advisory committee, coordinated between my own science adviser, Dr. Frank Press, Governor Ray,
Governor Evans, and others, to see what
kind of vegetation might ultimately grow,
for instance, on the ash that's deposited
west of Spirit Lake, to see what can be
done about predicting more accurately
the future activities in Mount St. Helens.
It's an extraordinary physical occurrence with-and will be extremely valuble for science to study in the future, but I
just can't answer your question any better than that.
Q. Mr. President, in your conversations
with citizens around the State of Washington have you heard complaints about
the response by the National Guard and
by State agencies in this situation?
THE PRESIDENT. Most of the comments have been congratulatory in nature. Obviously, if someone's isolated in a
farm home or if there's a very severely impacted town, like Richfield, they are dissatisfied at the response so far. But I believe you've seen here, if you're from Spokane, that there was enough to keep
everybody busy right here, and our first
responsibility was to minimize danger to
life itself, among human beings, to remove people from the impacted area,
which Governor Ray did so superbly and
those who worked with her, and to make
sure safety is maintained. The second step,
of course, is to clean up the mess and
ultimately to restore the beauty and the
quality of life in this region. The longrange handling of economic impact, a
loss of income on the farms, and the interruption of commerce-those kinds of
things, can be considered in a more orderly
fashion as a less high priority.
One of the very serious problems, of
course, is that of the Toutle River Valley.
The roads are completely gone, and
there's 150 square miles of land, very
beautiful forestland, that's absolutely destroyed as far as the timber is concerned.
But these kinds of things can be handled
959
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Admtnistration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
in an orderly fashion. It's going to take a
long time to correct the damage.
Q. What could be the long-term effect
on the Northwest and on the Nation itself if the eruptions continue?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't believe there's
any danger of those eruptions continuing
in a damaging fashion if people will simply stay out of that danger area. Most of
the eruptions in the future are very likely
to be so-called magma, which is molten
rock, and not an explosion, as took place
in the past.
But historically when the Mount St.
Helens or other Cascade Mountain volcanoes have exploded, the eruptions and
the tremors have continued for 10 or 12
years or maybe more than a decade. But
they've not been explosive in nature, and
I think the likelihood of a future explosion would be minimal. I've got scientists
who've told me that. I don't know any of
that on my own.
Q. Mr. President, can you tell me how
much you're going to ask Congress to
appropriate?
THE PRESIDENT. I don't know yet.
We'll have to go to Congress for a special
appropriation of emergency funds, and
fortunately for Washington the chairman
of the Appropriations Committee has
come out here with me. Senate Magnuson is extremely stingy with the taxpayers' money, and ordinarily singlehandedly he cuts the budget about $15
billion. But he's assured me and a few
people in the State of Washington that he
will not be stingy when it comes to providing emergency funds for you. Is that
right?
Q. In Idaho, I'd like to ask you how
helpful Governor Evans and his staff have
been.
THE PRESIDENT. Perfect. By the way,
Governor Evans asked this morning that
I declare the eight counties in the panhandle region of Idaho to be an emergency area, and I've already authorized
that that be done, verbally, and we'll conclude the paperwork later on.
I think that's enough questions. I'm
really grateful that you would come and
let me be with you. I've learned a lot.
Senator Magnuson would like toSENATOR MAGNUSON. May I say something? I want to, on behalf of the people
of the State of Washington, Idaho, and
the rest of them, thank the President for
showing a great concern about our problem. And we're going to attack the best
way we can. It's an unknown situation.
We don't know what the effect's going to
be on agriculture or water or things of
that kind. But the immediate problem requires some action.
He's assured me that he will back up
the action. He has to come to Congress to
get the money to do it. It isn't only
money; it's the whole business of getting
coordination together. And he's brought
with him out here the Secretary of the
Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and
John Macy, who handles the emergency
matters, and we're all going to get together and we're going to take care of this
situation.
I want to thank you on behalf of the
people of the State of Washington, Idaho,
and everything else, for showing your
deep concern about this matter.
THE PRESIDENT. I might point out that
every 2 weeks in the White House I meet
with five Members of the House and five
Members of the Senate, the Democratic
960
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2 2
leadership. Senator Magnuson comes because he's, as you know, the President pro
tern and because he's chairman of the
Appropriations Committee, and he's a
senior Member of the Senate as far as
time of service is concerned. It's a very
reassuring thing to me.
Another of the five Members of the
House who comes, along with the Speaker
and the Majority Leader, is Tom Foley.
And his tremendously beneficial impact,
not only on the leadership but also agriculture is helpful to the whole Nation.
The damage in this eastern part of Washington is potentially most severe on farmers, ranchers, and their people. And to
have Tom Foley as the chairman of the
Agriculture Committee, and also in the
five top people in the House of Representatives, is a tremendous benefit to this
region.
Tom is the one, for instance, who suggested to me and to the Secretary of Agriculture that we extend the time for farm
storage. I never would have thought
about it on my own, but he's familiar with
the problems. And I think your having
these two men to serve you, along with
Governor Ray, who has a scientific background and who's been on top of this
problem from the very beginning, is extremely helpful.
So, to work with this group and with
Don Bonker and with Governor Evans
and others is extremely reassuring to me as
President. I'm also grateful for all the
local officials who helped me. Mayor Bair
not only told me about his own city,
Spokane, but he was almost as deeply
concerned about the smaller communities
around here who don't have the cleanup
equipment and facilities of his own, that
he does.
So, I think the community effort on the
broadest possible definition of community has been extremely helpful to every
citizen, and gratifying to me as President.
Thank you again.
NOTE: The President spoke at 2:45 p.m. at the
Spokane International Airport fire station.
Following the question-and-answer session,
the President returned to Washington, D.C.
Federal Reserve System
White House Statement on the Board
of Governors' Actions To Ease Credit
Restraints. May 22, 1980
The actions taken today by the Federal
Reserve Board to relax credit restraints
are appropriate in view of the success in
moderating credit demands and reversing
inflationary psychology since the
March 14 program was announced.
The Federal Reserve actions will help
to assure greater availability of funds for
lending to small businesses, farmers, automobile dealers and buyers, and many
other borrowers. Since the cost incurred
by banks in obtaining lendable funds will
be lower, the rates that banks charge their
customers should also decline.
The administration is particularly concerned that the prime rate of interest has
fallen much less than other interest rates
in recent weeks. In late March the prime
rate of interest was about 2 to 2V2 percentage points above the interest rate on
short-term commercial paper. Since then,
the spread has widened to more than 6 to
6/2 percentage points. We hope that
banks will act promptly to pass on to their
loan customers the benefits of the reduction in costs of funds they are now
experiencing.
961
May 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Asian/Pacific American
Democratic Caucus
Remarks at the First Annual Dinner.
May 22, 1980
First of all, let me thank my friends
Danny Inouye, Senator Sparky Matsunaga, Congressman Norm Mineta, Congressman Matsui, Congressman Akaka,
and all the wonderful Asian Americans
who've come here tonight to thrill the
heart of a Democratic President and to
thrill the heart of a chairman of the
Democratic National Committee and all
Americans who believe in freedom, who
believe in strength through unity, and
who see the past history of this Nationjust a preview of what wonderful life we
have ahead of us in the years to come.
I'm very delighted to be here at this
first annual meeting of the Asian Americans in the Congress. Danny Inouye gave
me an invitation I could not refuse. He
said, "Mr. President, if you'll come and be
the speaker at our first annual meeting,
I promise you that the next 4 years we'll
invite you back."
I'm sorry I'm a little late. I just came
in from a trip out west. And some of you
could understand, but I'm sure that Congressman Akaka and Senator Inouye and
Senator Matsunaga could not understand
what a long and difficult a trip it is all the
way to the State of Washington and back.
[Laughter]
I went because we had a terrible catastrophe there, perhaps the most devastating explosion ever to take place in the
continental region of the United States in
the last 4,000 years. A volcano, Mount St.
Helens, in the State of Washington, literally exploded and transformed a major
part of 1 cubic mile of stone and earth
and ice, most of it into ash the consistency
of face powder, obviously with a large
quantity of heavy stones and large particles of ice instantaneously. This explosion was equivalent to a 10-megaton nuclear bomb-10 million tons of TNT. It
literally destroyed everything within a
150-mile square region and catapulted
all of this material down into what was
formerly a large lake, and dammed this
lake up with a new dam 400 feet deep and
12 miles long.
We don't know how many people were
killed. Seventy-one people are still missing
in the region. I flew over it this morning
in a helicopter as close as I could get
safely to observe the damage and to prepare our Nation to help correct in human life the devastation that has already
taken place in that region. I found the
people there not to have panicked, but to
have shown immense courage, great care
for one another, a sense of community, a
sense of common commitment, typical, in
my opinion, of what our Nation is. In a
time of trial, of test, of catastrophe, trouble, challenge, our Nation has never failed
to be united, to be courageous, to care
for one another, and to demonstrate
strength.
Economically we are facing serious
challenges. We are facing the challenge of
international terrorism, condoned and
supported by the Government of Iran,
against 53 Americans. We are facing the
challenge of aggression, with the Soviets
having marshaled 110,000 heavily armed
troops to stamp out freedom in the nation
of Afghanistan. We are facing the challenge of uniting, not only in our own
country but among our allies, to face these
difficulties together. I feel confident about
the outcome, because our future is based
on strength, economic strength.
The gross national product of this country is far greater than any other on Earth.
962
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 2 2
This year, we'll produce $2,000 billion
worth of economic goods and products for
our people. The nation with the highest
productivity among its workers on Earth
is the United States of America.
We feel a great deal of concern about
OPEC and their control of the energy
resources of the world. We sometimes forget that all the OPEC nations put together have about 6 percent of the energy
resources on Earth. This country has more
than 20 percent of the energy resources.
And ours is not just confined to oil and
natural gas. We have that, yes. But we
also have coal and shale and geothermal
supplies and a wide diversity of opportunities for the future plus rich land that
can produce energy sources forever.
We are a land whose strength is dependent upon our people. And I would
say the greatest single source of strength
is the diversity of our people. We are a
nation of immigrants. We are a nation of
refugees. My own family came here
many years ago, more than 300 years ago,
searching for freedom, searching for a better life, searching for the right to worship
as we pleased, searching for a chance to
carve out a future based on the value of
a human being, an individual, not dominated by the government, but with a government dominated by the people.
And in that diversity we have accumulated in this country large numbers of citizens with direct ties to every other nation
on Earth-a tremendous resource and
benefit for our country. Those ties of kinship, ties of love, ties of understanding,
common heritage, religious faith provide
us with beneficial influence to guarantee
a future that will be guaranteeing a better life for us, a life of peace, and a life of
good relationships with others.
In the last few months, even, we've had
a tremendous movement forward in ac
cumulation of friendships. The normalization of relationships with China has
brought more than a billion people, a
fourth of all the population on Earth, into a new opportunity as it relates to this
country. At the same time we have not
damaged at all our friendship and our
trade responsibilities and a common future with the people of Taiwan. As a matter of fact, in the first quarter of this year,
compared to the first quarter of last year,
trade with Taiwan increased 65 percent.
Ours is a country that is a superpower.
Other nations look to us for leadership.
We do not shirk that leadership. We're on
the cutting edge of change. We've never
been afraid of change. And as we've been
tempered by challenge, by difficulty, by
meeting and solving problems, by meeting and answering questions, by meeting
and overcoming obstacles, our Nation has
carved out for itself a better life.
This doesn't mean that we think that
we're better than others, because we know
that we are part of others. We respect
other people around the world. We're trying to find a common basis on which we
can predicate a common future with
them. We do not want to dominate any
other people on Earth. We want to live in
harmony and live in peace with them.
As Danny Inouye pointed out, this is a
time of transition. World history is being
changed in this present day, not only
a limitation on energy supplies that
have transformed economic problems and
created enormous pressure of inflation,
which we are meeting successfully, but a
change in lifestyle. There's a hunger for
the realization of human rights, a hunger
and a demand for the right of each human being in many nations on Earth now
to control one's own destiny, to have the
elements of the rudiments of democracy,
the benefits of freedom.
963
May 22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
That's a new development that is making turmoil in the political interrelationships among nations. We are not afraid of
that. We can meet challenges of this kind
without resort to military weapons and do
is successfully, because we know how and
we've proven in our own country the
benefits that can be derived from that
revolutionary spirit based upon freedom,
democracy, and the honoring of human
rights.
In the world today, there are probably
3 million refugees, 8 or 9 hundred thousand refugees who've escaped from
Afghanistan, most into Pakistan, some
into Iran. Hundreds of thousands of refugees have escaped from the Ethiopian
area into Somalia and into other countries
that border on Ethiopia. There's a potential flood of refugees trying to escape from
the Castro regime in Cuba, hundreds of
thousands of refugees escaping from the
domination by the Vietnamese, the people
in Kampuchea.
In almost every instance, the escapees
are trying to get away from communism,
sponsored by, condoned by, supported by,
financed by the Soviet Union. This is not
said to condemn the Soviet Union, although they are subject to legitimate condemnation for many things. But the
worldwide problem of refugees is caused
by the deprivation of freedom and the attempt by governments to subjugate their
own people. That makes our country even
more attractive. When the wall was built
around Berlin, East Germany, it was not
to keep people from coming into East Germany; it was built to prevent people from
escaping from East Germany into a democratic western world.
We've tried, as you know, to be a nation
with open arms still and to receive those
refugees as best we can in an orderly fashion in accordance with our own laws. You,
perhaps above all other Americans, understand the benefits of foreign aid. A
difficult political issue, one easy to demagog, and your congressional leaders sitting on this dais with me know that if we
are to meet those challenges from communism, from totalitarian governments
in a nonmilitary way, we must reach out
an economic hand with a good investment-not a gift, but an investment-to
let others buy our goods and to know that
mutual advantages can be derived from
trade and from understanding and from
loans that they'll repay and from the production of food and from the production
of energy-the direct results of economic
aid coming from our rich country. But one
of the most difficult things to get through
the Congress by a President is an adequate
foreign aid bill.
Our friendships with the ASEAN nations-growing week by week, month by
month, because we see that accurately as
the fastest growing economic region of
the world. As we look to Asia, to all the
countries there, from countries bordering
on the northern part of the China Sea all
the way up through Korea, to island
countries, we are proud of those ties of
friendship and blood kinship that gives
us the potential of being one international
family.
As President I'm very deeply grateful
to you. As a Democrat I'm very deeply
grateful to you, because our party represents concern for people. It's not a misnomer that for generations we've been
known as the people's party, the party of
the people. Our concern is for the poor
and for the deprived, for the handicapped, for those that don't speak English
well, because we know that our original
strength came from immigrants, those
searching for a better life, and those who
believe even more deeply in the first few
964
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
May 23
generations in the values of our Nation,
which never change.
You've honored me by letting me come
to be with you tonight. And I hope this
will be an ever-growing annual affair
when we can reassess our debt to Asian
people who gave us such a tremendous
strength, represented by you, as in the
past we've been indebted to Europe and
to other regions of the world. And this
new evolution of political awareness on
the part of Asian Americans will greatly
benefit our country.
And I hope these five Members of Congress will be many more as you have succeeding annual banquets, and eventually
perhaps all these head tables will be filled
by Members of Congress who are Asian
Americans. So, don't be timid. Don't run
against the ones who are already incumbents. [Laughter] But pick out wonderful,
non-Asian Republicans-[laughter]-and
help us win a great victory in November
and in years to come.
Thank you very much.
NOTE: The President spoke at 9:47 p.m. in
the International Ballroom at the Washington
Hilton Hotel.
Civil Rights of Institutionalized
Persons Act
Statement on Signing H.R. 10 Into Law.
May 23, 1980
I am very pleased today to sign into
law the Civil Rights of Institutionalized
Persons Act.
This act will give the Attorney General
the authority to initiate lawsuits against
any public institution-such as a mental
hospital, a long-term care facility, or a
prison-that systematically violates the
rights of the people confined there. The
extensive record established through
many days of hearings in the Congress
shows that, to our national shame, there
are still instances of grave mistreatment
of the very people who need our special
concern most, because their confinement
makes them so vulnerable.
This legislation will ensure that when
negotiation, consultation, and other attempts to bring about voluntary corrective action by State officials have failed,
the Attorney General, in the name of the
United States, will be able to seek relief
in a Federal court for violation of the
rights of persons confined in publicly run
and financed institutions that abuse those
rights on a widespread basis.
At a time when this Nation has reaffirmed its commitment to basic human
rights around the world, it is fitting and
proper to promote the protection of human rights here at home.
In signing this bill, I want to emphasize
my position, and that of the Attorney
General, that the provision in section
7(b) subjecting the Attorney General's
model standards for State prisoner administrative remedies to a legislative veto
is unconstitutional under Article I, ~ 7, of
the Constitution insofar as it deprives the
President of the opportunity to veto congressional action that has the effect of
law. The Attorney General will transmit
his standards to Congress as required by
~ 7(b) and will wait 30 legislative days
before implementing them. Although the
Attorney General will carefully consider
any congressional views that are expressed
regarding the standards, he will not treat
any resolution of "disapproval" as
binding.
I want to commend all of those in the
Congress who worked so diligently for
965
May 23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
many years to see this legislation enacted.
It came about through the efforts of many
persons who hold a wide diversity of views
on many subjects, but put aside those differences while working together on this
very important issue.
NOTE: As enacted, H.R. 10 is Public Law 96 -247, approved May 23.
United States Olympic
Committee
Announcement of a Meeting on the Committee's Fundraising Drive. May 23, 1980
President Carter met today with approximately 20 chairmen and presidents
of leading American corporations to urge
their support of the United States Olympic Committee's forthcoming drive to
raise $30 million. The funds are needed to
meet the shortfall in the Committee's regular fundraising campaign resulting from
the Committee's decision, made at the request of the President and the Congress,
not to send a United States team to the
games in Moscow this summer.
The President has previously requested
that Congress appropriate $10 million to
assist the new fundraising drive on a
matching basis, at the rate of 1 Federal
dollar for each 2 dollars contributed from
private sources.
The Committee expects to announce its
new drive early next week.
NOTE: Participants in the meeting are listed
in the press release.
Digest of Other
White House Announcements
The following listing includes the President's public schedule and other items of
general interest announced by the White
House Press Office and not included elsewhere in this issue.
May 18
The President returned to the White
House from Camp David, Md.
May 19
The President met at the White House
wvith:
-Zbigniewv Brzezinski, Assistant to the
President for National Security
Affairs;
Secretary of State Edmund S.
Muskie;
-Frank B. Moore, Assistant to the
President for Congressional Liaison;
-Ambassador Donald F. McHenry,
U.S. Representative to the United
Nations;
-the 1980-81 White House Fellows;
-Vice President Walter F. Mondale;
-Senator George Mitchell of Maine.
May 20
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
Members of the House of Representatives;
Mr. Moore;
-Representative Adam Benjamin, Jr.,
and community leaders from Lake
County, Ind.;
-Representative John J. Rhodes of
Arizona;
James T. McIntyre, Jr., Director of
the Office of Management and
Budget.
May 21
The President met at the White House
with:
-Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mr. Moore;
966
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
-representatives of the hotel industry
to discuss pricing policies;
-Ambassador Reubin O'D. Askew,
Special Trade Representative.
The President announced the appointment of two members and four advisermembers of the Council on Wage and
Price Stability. They are:
Members
AMBASSADOR REUBIN O'D. ASKEW, U.S.
SPECIAL TRADE REPRESENTATIVE;
SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PHILIP M. KLUTZNICK.
Adviser-members
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE BOB BERGLAND;
SECRETARY OF ENERGY CHARLES W. DUNCAN,
JR.;
SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
PATRICIA ROBERTS HARRIS;
SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MOON LANDRIEU.
The President declared an emergency
for the State of New York as a result of
the adverse impact of chemical wastes in
the Love Canal chemical waste landfill in
the city of Niagara Falls, beginning on or
about May 5.
The President declared a major disaster
for the State of Louisiana as a result of
severe storms and flooding, beginning on
or about May 15, which caused extensive
property damage.
The President declared a major disaster
for the State of Washington as a result of
the volcanic eruption of Mount St.
Helens, beginning on May 18, which
caused extensive property damage.
The President left the White House for
a trip to the Pacific Northwest States to
conduct an inspection tour of areas damaged by the Mount St. Helens eruption.
Following his arrival in Portland, Oreg.,
the President went to the Gifford Pinchot
National Forest Headquarters in Vancouver, Wash., for a meeting with Fed
eral, State, and local leaders to discuss the
disaster and relief efforts for the region.
May 23
The President met at the White House
with:
-Secretary of Defense Harold Brown,
Secretary Muskie, Hamilton Jordan,
Assistant to the President, Hedley W.
Donovan, Senior Adviser to the President, Lloyd N. Cutler, Counsel to the
President, and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Mustafa Khalil, former Prime Minister of Egypt;
-Mr. Moore;
-Vice President Muhammad Husni
Mubarak of Egypt, Secretary Muskie,
and Dr. Brzezinski;
-Stansfield Turner, Director of Central Intelligence, Mr. Jordan, and
Dr. Brzezinski.
The President left the White House for
a weekend stay at Camp David, Md.
The President confirmed that he declared a major disaster for the State of
Idaho yesterday, May 22, as a result of
the volcanic eruption of Mount St.
Helens, beginning on May 18, which
caused extensive property damage.
NOMINATIONS SUBMITTED
TO THE SENATE
The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations to the Service Academies, or
nominations of Foreign Service officers.
Submitted May 19, 1980
MARTHA KEYS, of Kansas, to be an Assistant
Secretary of Education (Legislation) (new
position).
Submitted May 20, 1980
The following-named persons to be members
of the United States Metric Board for terms
expiring March 23, 1986:
MARCUS B. CROTTS, of North Carolina,
vice Henry Kroeze, term expired.
967
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
NOMINATIONS-Continued
Submitted May 20-Continued
FRANCIS R. DUGAN, of Ohio (reappointment).
TIMOTHY L. JENKINS, of the District of Columbia, to be a Governor of the United
States Postal Service for the remainder of the
term expiring December 8, 1982, vice Robert
Earl Holding, resigned.
PAULA D. HUGHES, of New York, to be a Governor of the United States Postal Service for
the term expiring December 8, 1987, vice
Charles H. Codding, term expired.
DAVID E. BABCOCK, of Arizona, to be a Governor of the United States Postal Service for
the term expiring December 8, 1988, vice
Hayes Robertson, term expired.
Submitted May 21, 1980
BLANDINA CARDENAS RAMIREZ, of Texas, to be
a member of the Commission on Civil Rights,
vice Robert S. Rankin, deceased.
Submitted May 22, 1980
ROBERT BOOCHEVER, of Alaska, to be United
States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit,
vice Shirley M. Hufstedler, resigned.
HORACE W. GILMORE, of Michigan, to be
United States District Judge for the Eastern
District of Michigan, vice Cornelia G. Kennedy, elevated.
CHECKLIST OF WHITE HOUSE
PRESS RELEASES
The following listing contains releases of the
White House Press Office which are not included in this issue.
Released May 21, 1980
Text: President's financial disclosure report for
1979
Announcement: nomination of Horace W. Gilmore to be United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of Michigan
CHECKLIST-Continued
Released May 22, 1980
Announcement: nomination of Robert Boochever to be United States Circuit Judge for
the Ninth Circuit
ACTS APPROVED BY
THE PRESIDENT
Approved May 19, 1980
H.R. 126 --- —--------- Public Law 96-244
An act to permit the Secretary of the Interior
to accept privately donated funds and to expend such funds on property on the National Register of Historic Places.
Approved May 21, 1980
H.R. 5673 --- —------- Public Law 96-245
An act to authorize the use of certified
mail for the transmission or service of matter
which, if mailed, is required by certain Federal laws to be transmitted or served by
registered mail, and for other purposes.
Approved May 23, 1980
H.R. 6839 --- —------ Public Law 96-246
An act to authorize appropriations under
the Endangered Species Act of 1973 to carry
out State cooperative programs through fiscal year 1982.
H.R. 10 --- —---------- Public Law 96-247
Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons
Act.
H.R. 3928 --- —-------- Public Law 96-248
An act to amend the Act of November 8,
1978 (92 Stat. 3095), to designate certain
Cibola National Forest lands as additions to
the Sandia Mountain Wilderness, New
Mexico.
968
INDEX
Aaron, David L., meetings with the President (Digest) --- —--------------- 103,
267, 268, 291,292, 333, 607, 653, 891,
930
Ablard, Charles David --- —-------- 56, 218
Abraham ------------------------- 528
Abrahamson, Joan --- —------------- 948
Abrams, Harvey A --- —------------- 192
Academy. See other part of title
Accounting firm representatives, meeting with the President (Digest) --- — 825
Aceves, Jose --- —------------------ 218
Acid rain --- —------------------ 448, 473
Acosta, Raymond L --- —------------ 269
Acosta, Salvador A --- —------------ 928
ACTION -------------- 281, 291, 328, 696
Adams, Ansel --- —----------------- 751
Adams, Harmon H --- —------------- 19
Adams, J. M. G --- —---------------- 824
Adams, John --- —------------------ 809
Addams, Jane --- —----------------- 630
Addresses to the Nation
Iran, rescue attempt for American
hostages in --- —---------------- 772
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan --- —- 21
State of the Union --- —----------- 194
Addresses and Remarks
See also Bill Signings; News Conferences
Administration policies, White House
briefing for civic and community
leaders ----------------------- 458
Afghanistan, White House briefing for
Congressmen ------------------ 38
AFL-CIO, Building and Construction
Trades Department, national conference ----------------------- 577
American Legion --- —------------ 344
Anti-inflation program
President's announcement of new
initiatives ------------------- 476
White House briefing for community
leaders --------------------- 511
Asian/Pacific American Democratic
Caucus ----------------------- 962
Budget, 1981
Message signing ceremony --- —--- 225
Revisions signing ceremony --- —-- 568
Caribbean/Central American Action- 624
Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc --- —------------------ 937
Community and civic leaders, White
House briefings --- —------------ 801
Consumer Federation of America ---- 278
Cuban refugee policy --- —--------- 912
Addresses and Remarks-Continued
Democratic Party, congressional campaign dinner --- —-------------- 538
Education Department, inauguration
ceremonies ----------------- 850, 855
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty, first
anniversary reception --- —------- 525
Energy, White House briefings for community and religious leaders --- —- 49,
367,511,845
Energy conservation in transportation,
White House briefing --- —------ 787
Equal rights amendment, White House
briefing ----------------------- 921
Ethnic and fraternal organization
leaders, White House briefing --- — 648
Foreign leaders, U.S. visits
Australia, Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser --- —------------- 284
Belgium, King Baudouin I and
Queen Fabiola --- —---------- 757
Egypt, President Anwar al-Sadat- 617,
622
Germany, Federal Republic of,
Chancellor Helmut Schmidt-_ 435, 441
Israel, Prime Minister Menahem
Begin -------------------- 686, 694
Italy, Prime Minister Francesco
Cossiga ------------------ 200, 207
Kenya, President Daniel T. arap
Moi --------------------- 352, 357
Frances Perkins Building, Labor Department, dedication ceremony ---- 629
Friendship Force, reception for South
American participants --- —------ 944
Health and Human Services Department, inauguration ceremonies ---- 908
Hubert H. Humphrey tribute in New
England, telephone remarks to
Worcester, Mass --- —----------- 935
Inflation, White House briefing for
community leaders --- —--------- 845
International trade functions, Executive order signing --- —--------- 5
Interviews with the news media
American Society of Newspaper Editors ------------------------ 631
Editors and news directors --- —- 87,
239, 337, 385, 658, 900
Foreign correspondents --- —----- 668
Harte-Hanks Communications --- — 761
John Chancellor, NBC News --- —- 35
"Meet the Press" --- —---------- 107
Pennsylvania reporters --- —--- 723, 742
Westinghouse Broadcasting Co.,
Inc ------------------------ 733
A-1
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Addresses and Remarks-Continued
Iran, American hostage situation
Rescue mission
Eulogy for servicemen killed in
attempt --- ------------
Visit with injured servicemen_ —
Return of American citizens, telephone conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Clark --- —Transfer from militants to Iranian
Government, possibility of --- —U.S. sanctions --- -----------
White House briefing for Congressmen ----- -------------
Japan-U.S. Agreement on Cooperation
in Research and Development in
Science and Technology, signing
ceremony --- —-------
Labor Council for Latin American
Advancement ------- ----
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights,
Hubert H. Humphrey Award dinner ---------------------
League of Women Voters --- —-----
Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption
Portland, Oreg., inspection tour of
damaged areas ---- ------
Spokane, Wash., remarks following
meeting with State and community leaders — -----------
National Afro-American (Black) History Month, message signing ceremony ---- ----------
National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979, final
report reception --- —------------
National Conference of Artists --- —--
National Conference on Physical Fitness And Sports for All --- —---
National Conference of State Legislatures ----- ------
National Energy Education Day, proclamation signing ceremony --- —--
National 4-H Club --- —-----------
National Governors' Association --- —
National League of Cities --- —------
National Medal of Science presentation ceremony --- —----------
National prayer breakfast --- —------
National Religious Broadcasters --- —National security, White House briefing for community leaders --- —---
New Hampshire Democratic Party primary --- —-----------
Olympics, 1980
Summer games, White House briefing for team representatives ---Winter team, White House reception --- —---------
Order of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association_
864
786
255
576
611
38
816
857
221
828
950
956
84
752
600
259
552
509
701
397
495
80
275
180
Addresses and Remarks-Continued
Philadelphia, Pa.
Town meeting at Temple University ----- -------
World Affairs Council --- —----
Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers, White
House reception --- ---------
President's Commission on the Coal
Industry, reports reception --- —--
President's Committee on the Employment of the Handicapped --- —---
Project Head Start, 15th anniversary
reception ---------
St. Patrick's Day, White House celebration - ------
Second environmental decade, 10th
anniversary celebration --- —------
Secretary of State Muskie
Selection as Secretary — -------
Trip to Vienna, Austria --- —-----
Small business leaders --- —---------
State attorneys general, district attorneys, and police chiefs, White House
reception --------- ----
Student leaders, question-and-answer
session ----- --------------
Swearing-in ceremonies
Commerce Department, Secretary
and Deputy Secretary --- —---
State Department, Secretary --- —
United Jewish Appeal, National
Young Leadership Conference ---U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, meeting
with ------ -------
United States Conference of Mayors-_
U.S. foreign assistance, congressional
briefing -------------------
Weizmann Institute of Science, reception of honorary degree --- —-----
White House Commission on Small
Business ------------ ----
White House Conference on Aging ---
White House Conference on Regulatory Reform --- —--------------
White House Conference on Small
Business ---------------
Windfall profits tax legislation, telephone conversation with congressional leaders --- —--------------
Youth education and employment programs --- —----------
874
867
369
471
808
462
500
414
791
896
515
412
324
43
861
377
755
212
941
646
916
534
57
68
542
52
367 Administration. See other part of title
Adult Education, National Advisory
9 Council on --- —-------------- 267, 844
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations --- —------ 104, 273,422
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay ----.468
517 Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards ---------- 504, 547, 549, 837-840
379 Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership ---- 262, 305
381 Advisory committees, Federal --- —---- 507
A-2
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Aegis cruiser --- —------------------ 475
Aeronautics Board, Civil --- —-------- 103
Aeronautics and Space Administration,
National ---------------------- 563
Afghanistan
Former President Hafizullah Amin —_ 672
Refugees
Pakistan and Iran, flight to --- 256, 964
U.S. assistance --- —------------ 256
Soviet invasion
Address to the Nation --- —------ 21, 25
American leadership, responsibility
for ------------------------ 641
Conditions of withdrawal --- —---- 309
Effect on:
Presidential campaign -------- 90,
243, 310, 729, 733, 746
SALT II treaty. See SALT II
treaty under Strategic arms
limitation
U.S.-Soviet relations --- —--- 111, 406
Freedom-fighters ------------ 663, 747
Human rights, violation of --- —-- 634
International reaction
Australia ---------------- 259,285
Commission of European Communities ------------------ 189
European Communities --- — 238, 900
France ------------------ 292,313
German Democratic Republic_- 41
Germany, Federal Republic of --- 189,
292, 313, 437, 439, 470, 719, 920
Islamic nations --- —---------- 88,
284, 325, 329, 390, 398, 459, 579, 642
Italy ---------------- 208, 210, 211
Kenya --------------- 353, 355, 358
Olympics, 1980 Summer, boycott.
See International boycott under Olympics, 1980 Summer
Pakistan -------------------- 68
Spain ---------------------- 83
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ----------------------- 91
United Nations. See under United
Nations
U.S. allies --- —----------- 388, 712
Mentions --------------------- 52,
194, 216, 367, 382, 553, 625, 649, 659,
685, 702, 867, 875, 938, 962
Prior knowledge of invasion_ — 244, 672
Public opinion --- —------------- 90
Threat to:
Iran ---------------------- 40, 195
Oil supplies --- —---------- 197, 346
Southwest Asia --- —------- 511, 871
World peace --- — 196,634,639,669
U.S. leadership role in international
reaction ----------------- 330, 386
U.S. retaliatory actions
Agricultural exports suspension.
See under Agricultural trade
Afghanistan-Continued
Soviet invasion-Continued
U.S. retaliatory actions-Continued
Draft registration. See Draft registration under Selective Service System
Fishing restrictions in American
waters ------------------ 23, 41,
196, 278, 634, 747
Mentions ------------ 796, 804, 889
Military capabilities improvement
in Persian Gulf area. See under Persian Gulf area
Olympics, 1980 Summer, boycott.
See U.S. boycott under Olympics, 1980 Summer
President's commitment to peaceful measures- 308, 325, 386, 398, 459
Technology and other strategic
items transfer restrictions. See
under Science and technology
White House briefings --- —- 38, 63, 64
White House statement --- —----- 11
Trade beneficiary developing country,
designation suspension and withdrawal -------------------- 429, 550
AFL-CIO
Building and Construction Trades Department ---------------------- 577
Industrial Union Department --- —-- 930
International Labor Organization, support of --- —------------------- 307
Meany, George, role in --- —------ 56, 222
President ------------------— 27, 224n.
Africa
See also specific country
Majority rule --- —------------- 673, 870
Soviet and Cuban intervention._ ---- 93,
108, 111
U.S. relations --- —--------- 172, 173, 870
Africa, southern
Peace negotiations --- —----------- 198
U.S. policy --- —------------------ 172
African-American Visual Artists Week_- 601
Afro-American (Black) History Month,
National ---------------------— 84, 85
Afro-American Life and History, Association for the Study of --- —---------- 85
Aged. See Older persons
Agency. See other part of title
Aging, Administration on --- —---- 291, 824
Aging, Federal Council on the. See Federal Council on the Aging
Aging, White House Conference on ---- 462,
534, 539
Agricultural Adjustment Act --- —----- 503
Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act
Amendments, Emergency --- —------ 567
Agricultural Development, Board for International Food and --- —--------- 323
Agricultural Editors' Association, American --------------------------- 563
A-3
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Agricultural trade
Soviet grain suspension
Effectiveness of embargo --- — 661, 747
Farmer-owned reserves legislation- 652
Letter to Speaker of House and
President of Senate transmitting
report ------------------- 183-188
Memorandum to Department Secretaries ------------------- 32
News conference (Checklist) ------ 219
1980 Presidential campaign, effect
on ---------------------- 675, 740
President's comments --- —------- 23,
41, 92, 196, 391,634
State of the Union --- —--------- 160
U.S. levels increase --- —--- 125, 661, 904
Upland cotton imports --- —-------- 575
Agriculture, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Agricultural exports to Soviet Union,
suspension actions --- —------ 161, 187
Assistant Secretary --- —----------- 281
Budget deferrals --- —----------- 355
Deputy Secretary --- —------ 41, 65, 703n.
Economics, Policy Analysis and
Budget, Director --- —----------- 219
Environmental protection activities —_ 352
Secretary. See Agriculture, Secretary
of
Under Secretary_ --- —--------- 145,219
Agriculture, farmers and farm sector
See also Food
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ---------------------- 160, 748
Alcohol fuels production --- —------ 61
Credit
Legislation ----------------- 567, 706
Seasonal loans --- —------------- 702
Crop insurance --- —-------------- 161
Democratic Congressmen, discussions
with the President (Digest) --- —-- 774
Disaster payment program --- —----- 504
Energy conservation measures ---- 790, 904
Grain reserves --- —----------- 253,652
Impact of:
Inflation ------------------ 723, 762
Mount St. Helens eruption ---- 951,957
Soviet grain shipments suspension — 23,
161, 183,230, 391, 519, 661 740
Income -------------- 253,701,903,904
President's comments on attitudes and
values ----------------------- 701
Prices -------------------------- 706
Production industry representatives,
meeting with the President --- —-- 893
Agriculture, National Association of
State Departments of --- —--------- 492
Agriculture, Secretary of (Bob Bergland)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Agriculture, Department of
Agricultural exports to Soviet Union,
suspension actions --- — 32, 42, 161, 187
Agriculture, Secretary of-Continued
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
adviser-member ---------------- 967
Emergency credit loan functions ---- 567
Energy conservation responsibilities-_ 788
Farmer-owned grain reserve authority- 652
Meetings with the President (Digest) - 267,
423, 492, 825
Mention ------------------------ 391
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance responsibilities --- —---- 951,
955, 956, 958, 961
Trade functions --- —------------- 8, 10
Trip to Iowa, report to President --- — 92
Upland cotton import determination- 575
Aguilar, Robert P --- —-------------- 608
Ahearne, John F --- —--------------- 131
Aid for Families With Dependent Children -------------------- 806,836,892
Aiello, Stephen R --- —-------------- 13
Air Act Amendments of 1978, Clean --- 416,
449
Air Force, Department of the
American hostages in Iran, servicemen
killed in rescue attempt for --- —-- 780n.
Assistant Secretary --- —-------- 449, 453
Air Force Academy, United States__ 606, 757
Air Force One --- —---------------- 654
Air Quality, National Commission on_ — 508
Air Transportation Competition Act, International ---------------------- 332
Aircraft and aviation
Industry deregulation
Consumer prices reduction -—. 150, 281
Mentions ----------- 71,215,573,918
Small airplane construction business — 666
White House military passenger lists-_ 267
Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 --- —- 332
Akaka, Repr. Daniel K --- —---------- 962
Alabama
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461
Disaster declaration --- —---------- 774
U.S. district judges ------------ 64, 218
Alaska
Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461
National Petroleum Reserves --- —--- 63,
232, 233, 269
Oil supplies --- —---------------- 369
Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System -------------------------- 617
Albee, Sarah J --- —-------------- 929
Alberger, William R --- —------------ 948
Albright, Dr. Tenley --- —---------- 381
ALCOA. See Aluminum Company of
America
Alcohol fuels --- —------------- 61, 65,652
Alcohol Fuels Commission, National- 235, 899
Aldrich, Ann --- —-------------- 564
Alexander, Clifford L., Jr --- —---- 955, 956
Alexander, Sadie T. M --- —------- 534, 537
Ali, Gen. Kamal Hassan --- —----- 903,906
Ali, Muhammad --- —------------- 63,333
A-4
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Allen-Spilka, Janet --- —------------- 192
Allison, Thomas G --- —---------- 643, 775
Aluminum Company of America
(ALCOA) ------------------ 552, 581
Alvarado, Jeanette --- —--------- 452
Amalgamated Clothing and Textile
Workers ------------------------ 563
Ambassadors
Foreign, presentation of credentials — 268
United States. See under Appointments and Nominations; countries to
which assigned
America, President's views on
Challenges of the past --- —-- 649, 702
Intangible values --- —-------- 828, 874
Nation of refugees and immigrants- 648,
963
News media influence --- —-------- 890
Spirit and unity revival to overcome
present problems. ---- 51, 180, 200, 242
Strengths -------------------- 806, 890
American Agricultural Editors' Association ---------------------------- 563
American Association of Retired People- 589
American Farm Bureau --- —--------- 334
American Federation of Labor & Congress of Industrial Organizations. See
AFL-CIO
American Heart Association --- —----- 190
American Heart Month (Proc. 4716)_- 190
American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, Order of the --- — 381
American Legion --- —----------- 344,375
American Newspaper Publishers Association --- —--------------------- 720
American Public Transit Association_ 589
American Red Cross --- —----------- 951
American Samoa, U.S. policy --- —---- 317
American Society of Newspaper Editors- 631
American States, Organization of —_ 455, 914
American Stock Exchange --- —------- 64
American Telephone and Telegraph Co- 653
Americas, Partners of the --- —-------- 628
Amin, Hafizullah --- —--------- 40, 41,672
Ammonia industry, anhydrous --- —- 101, 102
Amtrak. See National Railroad Transportation Corporation
Anderson, Eric E --- —-------------- 929
Anderson, George Ross, Jr --- —------ 721
Anderson, Repr. Glenn M --- —------ 333
Anderson, Repr. John B --- —----- 729, 738
Anderson, William --- —------------- 516
Andrews, Judy --- —----------------- 753
Andrus, Cecil D. See Interior, Secretary
of the
Angola, Soviet and Cuban involvement_ 93,
108, 111, 674
Anhydrous ammonia industry (Proc.
4714) ----------------------- 101, 102
Ankeny, V. Scott --- —-------------- 919
Annual Assay Commission --- —------ 483
Anthony, Susan B --- —-------------- 412
Antiboycott laws and regulations --- —- 402
Anti-inflation program
See also Inflation
Administration briefing for black ministers (Digest) --- —------------- 825
Administration's goals --- —--------- 743
Consumer prices, news conference
(Checklist) ------------------- 453
Economic productivity rate increase-_ 249
Federal budget restraint. See Deficit
reduction under Budget, Federal
Hospital cost containment --- —---- 388
Import relief determinations --- —_ 420, 532
Labor accord with administration. See
under Labor
March initiatives
Announcement remarks --- —----- 476
Budget 1981 revisions. See Fiscal
Year 1981 under Budget, Federal
Credit controls. See Credit controls
Economic productivity, savings, and
innovation encouragement ---- 498,
513, 554
Fact sheet (Checklist) --- —------ 494
Gasoline conservation fee on imported oil. See under Gasoline
Interest rate reduction. See Interest
rates
Mentions -- 536, 723, 748, 802, 804, 859
News conference statement --- —-- 484
Oil imports reduction. See Reduction
under Oil imports
Regulatory reform ---- 120, 215, 573, 604
Small business support --- —-------- 516
Supply and demand balance --- —--- 250
Tax proposals --- —--------------- 122
Vetoes of inflationary legislation-_ 280, 456
Voluntary wage and price guidelines.
See under Wages and prices
Apodaca, Jerry --- —------------- 261, 262
Appeals, Court of --- —-------------- 45
Appointments and Nominations
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
Chairman --------------------- 422
Member ---------------------- 273
Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership, members -------------------------- 305
Agriculture Department, Rural Telephone Bank, Board of Directors,
member ---------------------- 293
Air Force Department, Assistant Secretary --------------------- 449, 453
Ambassadors, U.S.
Ambassador at Large --- —------- 868
Austria ----------------------- 191
Bolivia --------------------- 287, 293
Costa Rica --- —------------- 906, 932
El Salvador --- —--------------- 191
Finland ---- ------------ 405, 423
Hungary ------------------- 236, 268
Kenya --------------------- 843, 893
A-5
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
Ambassadors, U.S.-Continued
Mauritius ------------------ 364, 375
Mexico -------------------- 434, 452
Nepal --------------------- 843, 893
Qatar --------------------- 718, 720
Seychelles ------------------ 843, 869
Sierra Leone --- —----------- 899, 932
Sudan --------------------- 843, 893
Uganda ------------------- 629, 720
Zimbabwe ----------------- 717, 720
Army Department
Assistant Secretary --- —--------- 304
Under Secretary --- —----------- 98
Board of Foreign Scholarships, members -------------------------- 272
Board for International Broadcasting,
member -------------------- 56, 218
Board for International Food and
Agricultural Development, Chairman and members --- —--------- 323
California Debris Commission, member -------------------------- 237
Civil Rights Commission, Vice Chairman -------------------------- 892
Commerce Department
Assistant Secretaries --- 48, 255, 374, 522
Associate Deputy Secretary --- —-- 25
Patent and Trademark Office, Assistant Commissioner --- —----- 237
Under Secretaries --- —------- 188, 654
Commission on Civil Rights, members- 605,
608, 968
Commission on Presidential Scholars,
member ------------------- 606, 774
Committee on Disarmament, U.S.
Representative ----------------- 204
Committee for Purchase From the
Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, members --- —----- 37, 521, 931
Communications Satellite Corporation,
Board of Directors, members —_ 515, 894
Community Services Administration,
Director ---------------------- 769
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, U.S. delegation,
Chairman and Cochairman ------- 848
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
members and adviser-members ---- 967
District of Columbia Commission on
Judicial Disabilities and Tenure,
member ---------------------- 392
District of Columbia Law Revision
Commission, member ------- 521
District of Columbia Superior Court,
Associate Judge --- —--------- 458, 493
Education Department
Assistant Secretaries --- —-------- 203,
204, 219, 425, 426, 608, 751, 759, 768,
775, 840, 841, 967
Deputy Under Secretaries --- —--- 493
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
Education Department-Continued
General Counsel --- —----------- 315
Inspector General --- —---------- 841
National Institute of Education
Deputy Director --- —--------- 949
National Council on Educational
Research, members ---- 96, 508, 522
Under Secretaries --- —------- 426, 522
Emergency Board to investigate a railway labor dispute, members --- —-- 684
Energy Department, Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission, member — 813
Federal Council on the Aging, members ----------------------- 816, 826
Federal Home Loan Bank Board,
member ---------------------- 268
Federal Labor Relations Authority,
member ------------------- 468, 493
Federal Maritime Commission, Commissioner ------------------ 428, 452
Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Board
of Directors, member --- —------- 452
Federal Reserve System, Board of Directors, member --- —---- 421, 522, 523
Federal Service Impasses Panel, members -------------------------- 83
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
of the United States, member-__ 534, 564
Four Corners Regional Commission,
Federal Cochairman --- —----- 372, 453
Geneva Conference on Kampuchean
Relief, U.S. delegation head --- —- 933
Health and Human Services Department
Assistant Secretaries --- —----- 316, 334
Commissioner of Education --- —- 25
Social Security Administration,
Commissioner ------- 12, 25, 217, 218
Housing and Urban Development Department
Assistant Secretary --- —---------- 192
Federal National Mortgage Association, Board of Directors, members ------------------------ 911
New Community Development Corporation, Board of Directors,
member ----------------- 752, 775
India, President's Personal Emissary
to ---------------------------- 188
Inter-American Foundation, Board of
Directors, members --- —--------- 522
Interior Department, Solicitor ---- 718, 775
International Communication Agency,
Associate Director --- —---------- 236
International Labor Office, Governing
Body, U.S. Representative --- —-- 930
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Advisory Committee
on the Arts, members --- —---- 273, 304
A-6
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
Justice Department
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, Administrator- 288, 293
Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics --- —-- 288, 293
Merit Systems Protection Board
Acting Special Counsel --- —----- 62
Special Counsel --- —--------- 62, 374
National Advisory Council on Adult
Education, members --- —-------- 844
National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children,
members ---------------------- 257
National Advisory Council on Indian
Education, members --- —-------- 849
National Advisory Council on
Women's Educational Programs,
members ---------------------- 508
National Cancer Advisory Board,
members ---------------------- 911
National Commission on Air Quality,
member ---------------------- 508
National Consumer Cooperative Bank,
Board of Directors, member --- —- 605,
608, 844, 893
National Council on the Arts, members ---------------------- 237, 268
National Council on the Handicapped,
members --------------— _ — 812, 826
National Council on the Humanities,
member ------------------- 264, 269
National Institute of Building Sciences,
Board of Directors, members_- 533, 564
National Institute of Education, Director ------------------------ 651, 825
National Labor Relations Board, General Counsel --- —------------ 217, 218
National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Board of Directors, members- 296
National Transportation Safety Board,
Chairman --- —---------------- 493
Navy Department, Under Secretary- 98
Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, U.S. delegation head, rank
of Ambassador --- —------------- 930
North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
Committee on the Challenges of
Modern Society, Alternate U.S.
Representative ----------------- 493
Northern Mariana Islands Commission
on Federal Laws, members --- — 343, 932
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
members --- —----------------- 849
Office of Management and Budget,
Federal Procurement Policy, Administrator for --- —------------- 371, 375
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation
Commission, Commissioner --- —-- 654
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Board of Directors, members --- —- 521
Executive Vice President --- —- 605, 608
Panama Canal Commission Supervisory Board, members --- —------ 32
Panama Canal Consultative Committee, members --- —-------------- 33
Panama Canal Joint Commission on
the Environment, members --- —-- 34
Pennsylvania Avenue Development
Corporation, Acting Chairman —. 95
Presidential Scholars --- —---------- 925
President's Advisory Committee for
Women, members --- —-------- 814
President's Commission on Executive
Exchange, members --- —-------- 272
President's Commission for a National
Agenda for the Eighties, members — 263
President's Commission for the Study
of Ethical Problems in Medicine and
Biomedical and Behavioral Research,
member ----------------------- 896
President's Commission on United
States-Liberian Relations, members- 508
President's Commission on White
House Fellowships, members --- —- 949
President's Committee on Mental
Retardation, members --- —----- 192
Regulatory Council, Chairman --- —- 63
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation, members --- —--- 237, 269
Securities and Exchange Commission,
member ------------------- 235, 564
Smithsonian Institution, National
Armed Forces Museum Advisory
Board, members --- —----------- 913
South Pacific Commission, U.S. Representative -------------------- 893
Special Panel for employment discrimination cases, chairman --- —------ 567
State Department
Counselor --------------------- 334
Deputy Assistant Secretary --- —-- 893
Deputy United States Coordinator
for Refugee Affairs, rank of Ambassador -------------------- 217
Secretary ------------------- 791, 893
Under Secretary --- —----------- 219
State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management, members --- —--------------------- 303
Transportation Department
Deputy Secretary --- —----------- 25
Federal Highway Administration,
Administrator ------------- 842, 893
General Counsel --- —-------- 643, 775
Treasury Department, Assistant Secretary ----------------------- 434, 453
A-7
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
United Nations Day, U.S. National
Chairman ---------------- - 653
United Nations Economic and Social
Council
Deputy U.S. Representative --- —- 606
U.S. Representative --- —----- 507, 522
United States Air Force Academy,
Board of Visitors, members_ ---- 606, 757
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Assistant Director —. 428, 452, 866, 894
Director ---------------------- 25
General Advisory Committee, member ----------------------- 25
U.S. attorneys
Maine ------------------------ 375
Minnesota -------------------- 25
New York --- —------------- 523,564
Puerto Rico --- —--------------- 269
Virginia ---------------------- 269
U.S. circuit judges
District of Columbia__ --- —-_ 654, 720
4th circuit --- —---------------- 608
5th circuit --- —------------- 654, 720
9th circuit --- —--------- 423,608, 968
United States Court of Customs and
Patent Appeals, associate judge- 866, 894
United States Court of Military Appeals, judge --- —--------------- 317
U.S. district judges
Alabama ---------------------- 64
Arizona ---------------------- 608
California ----------------- 608, 894
District of Columbia --- —----- 423, 424
Hawaii -------------------- 423,424
Illinois ----------------------- 608
Kansas ----------------------- 720
Louisiana --------------------- 608
Michigan --------------------- 968
Missouri ---------------------- 608
North Carolina --- —--------- 654, 720
Ohio ------------------ 564, 654, 720
Puerto Rico --- —--------------- 932
South Carolina --- —------------ 721
Tennessee ------------------ 423, 424
Texas ------------- ------ 104
Virginia ---------------------- 654
Washington ----------------- 894
United States Holocaust Memorial
Council, members --- —---------- 820
United States International Development Cooperation Agency
Agency for International Development, Deputy Administrator- 427,452
Associate Director --- —--------- 51
Deputy Director --- —----------- 296
United States International Trade
Commission, Chairman --- —--- 948
U.S. marshals
California -------------------- 269
Maryland --------------------- 269
Appointments and Nominations-Continued
U.S. marshals-Continued
Nebraska --------------------- 775
New Jersey --- —----------- 423,424
United States Metric Board, members- 940,
967
United States Naval Academy, Board
of Visitors, members --- —-------- 769
United States Office of Consumer Affairs, Deputy Director --- —------ 83
United States Postal Service, Board of
Governors, members --- —--- 940, 968
United States Railway Association,
Board of Directors, Chairman_ 392, 423
United States Tax Court, judges ---- 683,
720, 756, 775
White House Fellows --- —--------- 948
White House staff
Counselor to the President on Aging ------------------------ 718
Special Adviser to the President ---- 651
Special Assistant to the President for
Ethnic Affairs --- —----------- 13
Aquino Herrera, Francisco --- —------- 775
Arciniega, Tomas A --- —------------ 96
Arctic Wildlife Range, William O. Douglas, Alaska --- —--------------- 416, 419
Argentina, grain exports --- —-------- 42
Argetsinger, Elizabeth S --- —--------- 926
Aristotle -------------------------- 842
Arizona
Disaster declaration --- —---------- 374
U.S. district judges --- —----------- 608
Water projects --- —-------------- 88
Arizzi, Rocco --- — -------------- 492
Arkansas, disaster declaration --- —---- 720
Armed Forces, U.S.
See also specific service
All-volunteer force --- —-------- 290, 328
Courts-martial manual amendments — 493
Draft registration. See Draft registration under Selective Service System
Iran, rescue mission for American hostages. See Iran, American hostages
in, rescue mission
Memorial Day observance --- —----- 814
Mention ----------------------— 164
Military awards program --- —------ 475
Pay rates --- —---------------- 467, 468
Persian Gulf area, presence in --- —-- 35,
43, 241, 348, 391
Physician shortage --- —----------- 456
Rapid deployment forces --- —------ 166,
197, 248, 348
Recruitment goals --- —--------- 167, 340
Reserve personnel --- —------------ 167
Soviet Union, military strength comparison with --- —-------------- 660
Women's role --- —--------------- 922
Armed Forces physicians pay act, proposed --- —---------------------- 456
A-8
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
United States. See United States Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency
Arms and weapons
See also Nuclear weapons
Conventional forces modernization_ — 348
Export controls administration --- —- 696
Munitions export licensing --- —---- 403
Armstrong, Ben --- —---------------- 183
Army, Department of the
See also specific constituent agencies
Assistant Secretary ------------- 304
Michigan missile plant, conveyance of- 769
Secretary -------------------- 955, 956
Under Secretary --- —------------- 98
Arnowit, Michael P --- —------------ 927
Art, National Gallery of --- —--------- 340
Artists, National Conference of --- —--- 600
Artists Week, African-American Visual- 601
Arts, John F. Kennedy Center for the
Performing --------------- 273, 304, 399
Arts, National Council on the ---- 237, 452
Arts, National Endowment for the_- 452, 601
Arts and humanities
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 147
President's favorite painters --- —--- 340
Arts and Humanities, National Foundation on the --- —------------------ 754
Asencio, Diego C --- —----------- 781, 825
Asher, John --- —------------------- 821
Ashley, Repr. Thomas L --- —-------- 217
Ashton, Al --- —-------------------- 380
Ashworth, George William --- —--- 866, 894
Asian/Pacific American Democratic Caucus -------------------------- 962
Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week
(Proc. 4727) -------------------- 405
Askew, Reubin O'D. See United States
Trade Representative
Assay Commission, Annual --- —------ 483
Association. See other part of title
Athens, Andrew A --- —-------------- 218
Atherton, Alfred L --- —----------- 86, 930
Atmospheric Administration, National
Oceanic and --- —------------- 352, 415
Atomic energy. See Nuclear energy
Atomic Energy Agency, International_- 266,
403, 433
Atomic Energy Community, European-_ 286,
304
Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal
Panel ----------------------- 838-840
Attiyeh, Gov. Victor --- —---------- 323
Attorney General (Benjamin R. Civiletti)
Cuban refugees
Exclusion proceedings against criminals ------------------- 913, 914
Meeting with the President --- —-- 780
News conferences --- —------ 916n., 932
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act review ------------------------ 402
Attorney General-Continued
Handicapped persons antidiscrimination, regulations enforcement --- —- 809
Iran, sanctions responsibilities --- 611, 612
Lawsuits authority against public institutions ---------------------- 965
Membership on:
Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
Mention ------------------------ 413
National Petroleum Reserves in Alaska,
report ------------------------ 232
Refugee admission functions —_- 684, 685
Attorneys, U.S. See under Appointments
and Nominations, U.S. attorneys
Audubon Society, National --- —------ 415
Auguste, Barry Bertrand Lucas --- —--- 775
Austin, Thomas S --- —-------------- 86
Australia
Defense Minister --- —------------- 422
Foreign Minister --- —------------- 422
Grain exports --- —--------------- 42
Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser_- 103
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169
Austria, U.S. Ambassador --- —------- 191
Auto Workers, United --- —----- 28, 770, 931
Automobiles and automobile industry
Chief executives, meeting with the
President (Digest) --- —--------- 931
Chrysler Corporation, Federal loan to- 28,
311
Employment --------- 705, 706, 711,823
Foreign manufacturers plant construction in U.S --- —----------- 706, 711
Interest rates, effect on --- —------- 723
Michigan Army Missile Plant, conveyance of --- —---------------- 769
Plant closings --- —--------------- 705
Sales --------------------------- 902
Technical developments for fuel
efficiency -------------- 664,665,711
Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965,
Operation of the --- —------------ 653
Awards and citations
American Cancer Society Courage
Award ------------------------ 607
Christian Service Award --- —------ 333
Environmental Industry Council national leadership award --- —----- 415
Goddard Memorial Trophy --- —- 563, 564
Hubert H. Humphrey Award --- —-- 221
Military awards program --- —------ 475
National Medal of Science --- —----- 80
Presidential energy efficiency award-_ 790
Presidential Management Improvement Awards --- —------------ 18, 19
Presidential Medal of Freedom --- — 751
President's Award for Distinguished
Federal Civilian Service --- —----- 86
Small Business Persons Awards --- —- 919
Weizmann Institute of Science honorary degree --- —--------------- 646
A-9
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Axtell, Dean R --- —----------- 605, 608
Ayuso-Planes, Damaris --- —---------- 928
B-1 bomber --- —------------------ 348
Babalas, Peter K --- —--------------- 218
Babbitt, Gov. Bruce --------------- 849
Babcock, David E --- —----------- 940, 968
Bahamas, Ambassador to U.S --- —---- 775
Bair, Ron --- —-------------------- 961
Bakalis, Michael --- —--------------- 493
Bakke, Capt. Richard L --- —-- 780n., 864
Baldazo, Noelia G --- —------------- 845
Bangladesh
Iran, abstention from voting on U.N.
sanctions against --- —----------- 39
U.S. relations --- —-------------- 172
Bani-Sadr, Abol Hassan. See Iran, President
Bank. See other part of title
Banks and banking
Credit controls. See Credit controls
Farm loans --- —----------------- 652
Federal institutions deregulation legislation
Congressional consideration --- —-- 252
Mentions ---------- 118, 121, 215, 918
Purposes ---------------------- 151
Signing ceremony --- —---------- 572
Interest rates. See Interest rates
Iran, prohibition on U.S. business
with ---------------------- 613, 615
Small business credit financing --- —- 76
Baptist Radio and Television Commission, Southern --- —-------------- 333
Baranski, Tibor --- —--------------- 821
Barbados, Prime Minister J. M. G.
Adams ------------------------- 824
Barfield, Claude --- —-------------- 264
Bario, Patricia Y --- —-------------- 94,
245, 343,392,665,767, 906
Barnes, Repr. Michael D --- —-------- 16
Barnett, James E --- —------------ 268, 273
Baroni, Geno ---- -------------- 281
Barry, Marion --- —-------------- 13, 601
Barthe, Richmond --- —------------- 602
Basketball Association, National --- —-- 268
Baudouin I, King --- —-------------- 757
Bayh, Sen. Birch --- —--------------- 303
Beame, Abraham D --- —----------- 422
Bearden, Romare --- —-------------- 602
Bechily, Maria C --- —-------------- 508
Beckham, William J., Jr --- —------- 25, 493
Bedell, Catherine M --- —------------ 102
Begay, Nelson R --- —--------------- 928
Begin, Menahem. See Israel, Prime Minister
Begin, Mrs. Menahem --- —---------- 686
Behavioral Research, President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and- 896
Beilenson, Repr. Anthony C --- —------ 433
Belgium, King Baudouin I and Queen
Fabiola ------------------------- 757
Bell, Griffin B --- —---------------- 848
Bellamy, G. Thomas --- —------------ 192
Belli, Lia Triff --- —---------------- 272
Bender, Michael W --- —------------ 927
Benjamin, Repr. Adam, Jr --- —------- 966
Bennett, Brian R --- —-------------- 927
Bensen, Robert S- -------------- 263
Bentsen, Sen. Lloyd --- —------------ 374
Berg, Thomas K --- —--------------- 27
Berger, Stephen --- —------------ 392, 423
Bergland, Bob. See Agriculture, Secretary
of
Bergold, Harry E., Jr --- —-------- 236, 268
Berlioux, Monique --- —------------- 929
Bermuda, Prime Minister John David
Gibbons ----------------------— 931
Bernstein, Irving --- —------------ 84, 821
Bernstein, Marver --- —-------------- 821
Berry, Mary Frances --- —---- 605, 608, 892
Better Hearing and Speech Month Poster
Child ------------------------— 824
Beyer, Gordon R --- —-------- 355, 629, 720
Beyers, Staff Sgt. Joseph --- —-------- 786
Bicycling Day, National --- —--------- 562
Biddle, Livingston L., Jr --- —----- 601,754
Biden, Sen. Joseph R., Jr --- —-------- 662
Biernacki, Lorilee J --- —--------- 927
Bill Signings
See also last page of text in each issue
for acts approved
Agricultural Adjustment Act, statement ------------------------ 503
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee
Act of 1979, remarks --- —------- 27
Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act, statement --- —--------- 965
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act,
remarks ---------------------- 584
Depository Institutions Deregulation
and Monetary Control Act, remarks ------------------------ 572
Dispute Resolution Act, statement --- 303
District of Columbia housing revenue
bonds, statement --- —---------- 666
Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Amendments, statement --- —-------------------- 567
Farmer-owned grain reserve, statement ------------------------- 652
Federal agency reorganization, statement --- —-------------------- 483
Federal Election Campaign Act
Amendments of 1979, statement — 37
Federal Trade Commission authorization, statement --- —------------ 562
General Accounting Office Act, statement --- —-------------------- 603
International Air Transportation Competition Act, statement --- —------ 332
Michigan Army Missile Plant, conveyance of, remarks --- —----------- 769
A-10
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Bill Signings-Continued
National Capital Transportation
Amendments of 1979, remarks and
statement -------------------- 13, 17
National Parks and Recreation Act of
1978 amendments, statement --- —- 432
Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act, statement --- —--------- 604
Refugee Act, statement --- —------- 503
Reorganization Act of 1977, extension,
statement --------------------- 616
United States territories administration, statement --- —------------ 466
Biomass energy --- —---------------- 470
Biomedical and Behavioral Research,
President's Commission for the Study
of Ethical Problems in Medicine
and ---------------------------- 896
Birch River, W. Va ----------------- 433
Bitterman, Mary G. F --- —---- 236, 268, 452
Biwott, Nicholas K --- —------------- 355
Black Caucus of State Legislators, National -------------------------- 334
Black Mayors, National Conference of — 720
Blacks
Civil rights --- —--------------- 85, 222
Economic recession, impact on --- —-- 798
Employment --------------- 53, 123, 249
Judicial appointments --- —-------- 893
Ministers, meetings with the President ---------------------- 522, 825
National Afro-American History
Month ----------------------- 84
Blake, Robert 0 --- —--------------- 34
Blakeley, Gary --- —-------------- 372, 453
Blanchard, Repr. James J ---- 27, 29, 770, 823
Bleicr, Rocky --- —----------------- 371
Bleiweis, Phyllis R ------------------ 949
Blind and Other Severely Handicapped,
Committee for Purchase From the --- 37,
521, 931
Blood Institute, National Heart, Lung,
and ---------------------------- 190
Blumenfeld, Michael --- —----------- 33
Board. See other part of title
Bodine, William W., Jr --- —----- 867, 874n.
Boggs, Elizabeth Monroe --- —----- 812, 826
Bolivia, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 287, 293
Bolter, Arthur --- —----------------- 58
Bomar, James L., Jr --- —------------ 334
Bond, Maj. Gen. Robert --- —-------- 780n.
Bonda, Alva T --- —---------------- 218
Bonilla, Ruben --- —---------------- 563
Bonior, Repr. David E --- —------- 374, 770
Bonker, Repr. Don --- —------------- 961
Boochever, Robert --- —------------- 968
Bookbinder, Hyman --- —------------ 821
Bookstein, Kenneth H --- —--------- 926
Borders, William A., Jr --- —--------- 218
Borge, Victor --- —------------------ 821
Borja, Jesus --- —------------------- 344
Boschwitz, Sen. Rudy --- —----------- 823
Boston, Mass --- —------------------ 501
Bourguiba, Habib, Jr --- —----------- 423
Bowdler, William G --- —--------- 522, 933
Bowers, Darralyn C --- —------------ 911
Bowker, Albert H --- —----------- 425, 775
Boxing team, United States amateur ---- 482,
517, 564
Boy Scouts of America --- —---------- 292
Brademas, Repr. John --- —---------- 383
Bradley, Amelia Jane --- —----------- 948
Bradley, Sen. Bill --- —-------------- 588
Bradley, Thomas --- —--------------- 789
Bradshaw, Thornton --- —----------- 789
Bramberg, Rudolph William, Jr ---- 533, 564
Branch, Jana L --- —--------------- 927
Branch, Joseph --- —---------------- 47
Brandt, Willy --- —-----------------— 334
Brazil
President's visit while Governor of
Georgia ----------------------- 945
Science and technology cooperation
with U.S --- —------------------ 407
Brewer, Herbert Richard Wright --- —- 268
Brezhnev, L. I --- —---------------- 674
Brimmer, Andrew F --- —--------- 373, 509
Britt, W. Earl --- —--------------- 654, 720
Broadcasting, Board for International- 56
Broder, David --- —----------------- 107
Bronheim, David --- —------------ 51, 522
Brooks, Gwendolyn --- —------------- 263
Brooks, Herb --- —--------------- 379, 388
Brooks, Repr. Jack --- —- 267, 483, 603, 616
Brooks, Roger G --- —--------------- 928
Broome, Homer F., Jr --- —-------- 288, 293
Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of the
United States and Canada --- —---- 667,
684, 930
Brotherhood Week, National --- —---- 343
Brown, Charles L --- —-------------- 653
Brown, Cynthia G --- —----------- 768, 841
Brown, Gov. Edmund G. (Jerry), Jr ---- 295
Brown, Gabrielle A --- —------------- 928
Brown, Repr. George E., Jr --- —----- 761
Brown, Harold. See Defense, Secretary of
Brown, Gov. John Y ----------------- 422
Brown, Robert McAfee --- —---------- 821
Brown, Sam --- —------------ 281, 291, 328
Broyhill, Repr. James T --- —--------- 303
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
American Society of Newspaper Editors
address ----------------------- 631
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 881
Meetings with:
Bavarian Minister President Franz
Josef Strauss --- —------------ 470
Kenyan President Daniel T. arap
Moi ------------------------ 355
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24,
25, 63, 64, 103, 217, 267, 268, 292,
293, 333, 334, 373, 374, 422, 423, 452,
492, 493, 563,606, 607, 631, 653, 654,
719, 720, 773-775, 824, 825, 891-893,
930-932, 966, 967
A-ll
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Brzezinski, Zbigniew-Continued
Mentions ----------------- 324, 367, 459
Olympics, 1980 Summer, briefing for
U.S. team representatives --- —--- 518
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, trip to
(Digest) ---------------------- 267
President's assessment --- —--------- 797
Trade Policy Committee, member --- 8
Vance, Cyrus R., relationship with-_ 876
Bucy, J. Fred, Jr --- —-------------- 263
Budget, Federal
Caribbean area assistance --- —----- 627
Chrysler Corporation loan, effect on — 32
Defense spending. See under Defense
and national security
Deficit reduction during administration ------------------------ 71,
76, 120, 121, 126, 215, 246, 247, 280,
388, 389, 456, 558, 639
Fiscal Year 1981
Congressional briefing (Digest)_ — 824
Critical programs spending increases -------------------- 122
Employment programs --- —------ 806
Federal territories --- —---------- 320
First resolution --- —------------- 857
Inflation control measure_ ---- 121, 247
International science and technology programs --- —----------- 408
Message transmittal to Congress- 225,
227
President's assessment --- —------- 239
President's revisions to balance
Announcement remarks --- —--- 477
Congressional consideration --- — 497,
512, 517, 539, 586, 705, 761
Formal request to implement
(Digest) ------------------ 719
Mentions ------------ 486, 724, 737
Message transmittal to Congress
and signing ceremony —.- 568, 569
News conference (Checklist)_ — 608
News conference statement --- — 484
Purposes -------------------- 489,
554, 581,639, 713
Social programs allocations --- — 536,
554, 767, 835, 909
Radiation protection program ---- 364
Tax relief rejection --- —--------- 247
Youth programs --- —----------- 53
Foreign spending --- —------------- 627
General revenue sharing reductions —_ 698
Navy shipbuilding programs --- —--- 475
Real terms spending increase --- —--- 244
Rescissions and deferrals --- —------ 235,
355, 428, 695, 948
Woman organization allotments --- — 923
Zero-based practices --- —---------- 115
Buena Vista, Ga --- —--------------- 463
Building Sciences, National Institute of- 422,
533, 564
Building temperature restrictions, emergency --------------------------- 685
Bureau. See other part of title
Burg, Yosef --- —------------------ 378
Burns, Bill --- —--------------- 742n.
Burris, Robert Harza --- —---------- 82n.
Burroughs, Margaret T --- —------ 601, 602
Burton, Repr. Phillip --- —----- 318, 433, 930
Burundi, Ambassador to U.S --- —---- 268
Busby, Morris D --- —----------- 892, 893
Bushnell, John A --- —------------- 33, 269
Business, National Alliance of --- —--- 422
Business, White House Conference on
Small. See White House Conference on
Small Business
Business Administration, Small. See
Small Business Administration
Business development agency, minority,
proposed -------------------- 77, 127
Business Enterprise, Interagency Council for Minority --- —------------ 76, 77
Business and industry
See also Corporations; Small businesses
Air and water pollution standards ---- 352
Federal procurement policy --- —---- 72
Free enterprise system, relationship
with Federal Government --- —--- 44
Industrial goods exports --- —------- 125
Innovation program --- —---------- 121
Iran, prohibition on transactions with- 613,
615
Productivity
Inflation, relationship with --- —-- 748
Research and development allocations ------------------- 121,226
Worldwide comparison --- —------ 748
Prohibition on transactions with Soviet
Union with respect to 1980 Summer
Olympics ------------------ 560,565
U.S. export policy, effect on --- —--- 402
Voluntary wage and price guidelines- 120,
247, 248, 581
Women's enterprises --- —---------- 70
Business League, National --- —------- 63
Business Ownership, Advisory Committee
on Small and Minority --- —------- 262
Business Utilization, Office of Small and
Disadvantaged ------------------- 73
Butcher Clara --- —----------------- 850
Butcher, Goler ---- ------------- 719
Byrd, Sen. Robert C.
Democratic Presidential candidates debate, advocacy for --- —---------- 907
Legislation passage leadership
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act --- —--------------- 27
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act- 542,
585, 587
Mentions -------------------- 538, 569
Relationship with the President --- — 907
SALT II treaty consideration- 12, 488, 831
Byrne, Gov. Brendan T --- — 397, 586, 588
Byrne, Jane --- —---------------- 342,833
A-12
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Cabinet, meetings with the President
(Digest) ---------------— 291, 493,563
Cagney, James --- —----------------- 502
Cahill, Clyde S., Jr --- —------------ 608
Caldera, Manuel R --- —------------ 305
Califano, Joseph A., Jr --- —---------- 329
California
Channel Islands National Park --- —- 432
Disaster declaration --- —------- 291,374
U.S. district judges --- —----- 608, 894
U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 269
White House briefing for civic and
community leaders --- —-------- 563
California Debris Commission --- —--- 237
California Institute of Technology --- — 664
Caliguri, Richard S --- —------------ 369
Callaghan, James --- —-------------- 63
Cambodia. See Kampuchea
Camp David, Md., President's visits (Digest) --------------------------- 25,
62, 104, 216, 267, 291, 333, 374, 451,
493, 521, 563, 607, 653, 825, 891, 932,
966, 967
Campaign, 1980 Presidential. See Elections, 1980
Campaign Act Amendments of 1979,
Federal Election --- —------------- 38
Campbell, Alan K ------- - 468 815, 898
Campbell, James --- —--------------- 19
Campbell, Thomas John --- —--------- 948
Canada
American citizens in Iran, rescue of-_ 255
Grain exports --- —---------------- 42
Nuclear energy agreement with U.S --- 782
Prime Minister Joe Clark --- —------ 255
Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau_ 861,
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system ------------------------ 100
Canadian Energy Board --- —--------- 99
Canby, William Cameron, Jr --- —----- 608
Cancer Advisory Board, National ----- 911
Cancer Control Month (Proc. 4731) --- 450
Cannon, Sen. Howard W — 333, 461, 584, 694
Captioning Institute, National --- —---- 811
Captive Nations Week (Proc. 4761) —_ 940
Carazo Odio, Rodrigo --- —---------- 904
Carey, Barbara M --- —------------- 904
Cargas, Harry James --- —----------- 821
Caribbean
See also Latin America; specific country
Cuban influence --- —---------- 173, 626
United States
Foreign relations --- —-------- 173, 626
Nongovernmental volunteer programs ---------------------- 64
Science and technology cooperation --- —------------------- 407
Caribbean/Central American Action___ 624,
654
Caribbean Group --- —-------------- 173
Carl, Beverly May --- —------------- 272
Carlucci, Frank C --- —----------- 24, 422
Carpenter, Elizabeth S --- —------- 203, 219
Carpenter, Todd C --- —------------- 926
Carr, Repr. Bob --- —------------- 770, 825
Carrington, Lord --- —-------------- 872
Carson, Rachel --- —--------------- 751
Carswell, Robert --- —------------ 374, 774
Cartegena Agreement countries, trade
with U.S --- —-------------------- 20
Cartella De Rubin, Pilar --- —-------- 334
Carter, Amy --- —-------------- 703n., 850
Carter, Lillian
Israel, 32d anniversary of, U.S. Representative -------------------- 687
Mention ----------------------- 585
1976 Presidential campaign efforts_ — 382
Peace Corps service --- —---------- 276
Registered nurse experience --- —---- 908
Carter, Rosalynn
Campaign efforts for the President_ — 400
Congressional wives briefings (Digest)- 291,
422
Equal rights amendment support --- — 833
Friendship Force in Georgia, establishment --------------------- 628, 944
Income tax return --- —------------ 719
Jogging schedule --- —------------- 766
Luncheons with the President (Digest) --------------- 63, 217, 522, 893
Mentions ------------------------ 84,
257, 306, 384, 397, 500, 534, 754, 850,
858
National Volunteer Week support —_ 695
President's Commission on Mental
Health, Chairman --- —---------- 811
White House receptions hostess- 38 n., 857n.
Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc__ --- —--------------- 932, 937
Casey, Kimberly A --- —------------- 929
Casey, Thomas R --- —-------------- 819
Cassatt, Mary --- —----------------- 340
Castro, Fidel. See Cuba, Premier
Cattlemen's Association, National --- —- 521
Caution-Lebby, Gael --- —----------- 949
Cavanaugh, Repr. John J --- —------ 522
CBS. See Columbia Broadcasting System
Cedefio, Blanca --- —------------- 533, 564
Celarie, Andre --- —---------------- 687n.
Celebrezze, Anthony J., Jr --- —------- 769
Celeste, Richard F --- —---------- 291, 774
Center for Disease Control --- —------- 257
Central America. See Latin America
Central American Action, Caribbean/_ — 624,
654
Central Bank of Iran --- —------------ 614
Central Intelligence Agency
Deputy Director --- —----------- 24, 422
Intelligence report requirements --- 241
Retirement and disability system (EO
12197) ----------------------- 431
A-13
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Central Intelligence Agency, Director
(Stansfield Turner)
Intelligence sources and methods protection ----------------------- 397
Meetings with the President (Digest) - 103,
267, 333, 422, 492, 563, 774, 892, 967
Newsmen as agents, policy toward
using ------------------------ 659
Cerel, Sylvia L_ — -------— 926
Cerezo, Carmen Consuelo --- —------- 932
CETA programs. See Comprehensive
Employment and Training Act programs
Chamber of Commerce, International_- 307
Chamber of Commerce of the United
States ------------------------ 522
Chambers, Mary P --- — -------- 812, 826
CHAMPUS. See Civilian Health and
Medical Program for the Uniformed
Services
Chancellor, John --- —-------------- 34
Channel Islands National Park, Calif__ 432
Chapel of the Four Chaplains, Pa_ --- 292
Char, Kenneth F. C --- —------------ 273
Charles, Serge Elie --- —------------- 775
Charlesworth, Susan --- —------------ 380
Charter Co --- —------------------- 581
Chase, Lucia ---- -------------- 752
Chasen, Robert E --- —---------- 98, 102
Chavez, Nelba R --- —----------- 812, 826
Chemical industry
Representatives, meeting with the
President (Digest) --- —--------- 654
Voluntary price standards compliance ---------------------- 659
Cheng, Margaret Y --- —------------- 929
Cherry, Horace Dicken --- —------ 192,218
Chicago, Ill --- —-------- 342,483, 726, 736
Child, 1979, National Commission on the
International Year of the ---------- 752
Child Abuse and Maltreatment, National
Alliance for the Prevention and Treatment of --- —-------------------- 267
Children, Aid for Families With Dependent -------------------- 806,836,892
Children, National Advisory Council on
the Education of Disadvantaged ---- 257
Children and youth
Athletic programs --- —------------ 261
Education --- —---- ------ 859
Employment
Federal allocations increase --- 124, 249
Federal initiatives program
Announcement remarks --- —--- 52
Budget allocations, 1981 --- —-- 226,
230, 239, 248, 249
Goals of program --- — 117, 252, 342
House Committee on Education
and Labor action --- —------ 847
Labor and Education Departments, role of --- —--------- 125,
313, 337
Legislative proposal commitment- 116
Children and youth-Continued
Employment-Continued
Federal initiatives program-Continued
Mention --------- 555, 724, 833
News conference (Checklist)_ — 64
Statistics --------------- 123, 124, 214
Summer program --- —---------- 805,
815, 832, 835,878
Targeted tax credits --- —-------- 124
Federal programs --- —------------- 836
Health programs --- —------ 118, 754, 811
Chiles, Sen. Lawton --- —------------ 893
China, People's Republic of
Eximbank financing --- —---------- 607
Muhammad Ali's visit --- —-------- 63
Science and technology cooperation
with U.S --- —----------------- 407
Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807
Trade with U.S --- —------ 119, 126, 607
U.S. relations normalization --- —--- 91,
170, 197, 338, 345, 399, 579, 673, 875,
870, 891, 906, 963
University control --- —----------- 81
Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping —.- 181,407
China, Republic of. See Taiwan
Chinese New Year --- —------------ 257
Christensen, Thomas G. S --- —------- 684
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church__ 775
Christian Service Award --- —-------- 333
Christians and Jews, National Conference
of ----------------------------- 343
Christopher, Warren M. See State, Deputy Secretary of
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee
Act of 1979 --- —--------------- 27,311
Church, Sen. Frank --- —--------- 205, 947
Churchill, Winston_ --- —--------- 80, 579
Circuit judges, U.S. See U.S. circuit
judges under Appointments and Nominations
Cities. See Urban areas
Cities, National League of --- 103,495,523
Civil Aeronautics Board --- —------ 103, 332
Civil justice reform, Federal --- —---- 303
Civil rights. See Human rights, domestic
Civil Rights, Commission on --- —----- 605,
608, 892
Civil Rights, Leadership Conference on- 221,
720
Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons
Act ---------------------------- 965
Civil Service Commission, United States- 617
Civil service reform, Federal --- —---- - 115
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 --- —- 898
Civiletti, Benjamin R. See Attorney
General
Civilian Service, President's Award for
Distinguished Federal --- —--------- 86
Clark, Joe --- —-------------------- 255
Clark, John W --- —-------------- 33, 269
Classen, Ann E --- ------------- 929
A-14
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Clausen, Repr. Don H --- —---------- 318
Claybrook, Joan --- —--------------- 281
Claytor, W. Graham, Jr --- —------- 64, 775
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1978- 416, 449
Clean Water Act Amendments of 1978- 416
Cleland, Max --- —------------- 275, 653
Clemente, Roberto --- —------------- 370
Clemon, U. W --- —---------------- 64
Cleveland, Ohio --- —--------------- 452
Clifford, Clark --- —--------- 188, 217, 382
Clinard, David Marion --- —------ 428, 452
Clodfelter, Mark Alan --- —---------- 948
Clothing and Textile Workers, Amalgamated ------------------------ 563
Cmarik, Joan L --- —--------------- 927
Coal
Domestic resources development --- — 470,
480, 586, 831
Exports ------------------------ 907
Oil companies ownership --- —------ 883
President's Commission on the Coal
Industry, recommendations for future production --- —------------ 471
Utility companies conversion to --- — 116,
117, 129, 174,448, 472, 586, 883
Coal advisory council, White House, proposed ------------------------- 473
Coal Industry, President's Commission on
the ----------------------------- 471
Coal Study, World --- —------------- 931
Coast Guard, United States. See United
States Coast Guard
Coast Guard Academy, U.S --- —----- 607
Coffin, Frank M --- —--------------- 862
Coggleshall, Susanna and Tomlin --- — 631n.
Cohan, George M --- —-------------- 502
Cohen, Edward B --- —-------------- 83
Cohen, Esther --- —----------------- 821
Cohen, Gerson D --- —--------------- 821
Cohen, Marvin S --- —-------------- 103
Cohen, Vincent H --- —------------- 392
Colleges and universities, black institutions --------------------------- 328
Colombia
Dominican Embassy in Bogota, release
of hostages --- —------------ 780, 781
Peace Corps volunteer Richard Starr,
terrorists release of --- —--------- 306
President Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala_- 780
U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 781,825
Color television receiver subassemblies
(Proc. 4759) --------------------- 920
Comaneci, Nadia --- —-------------- 380
Commerce, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Antiboycott programs --- —--------- 402
Assistant Secretaries ----- 48, 255, 374, 522
Associate Deputy Secretary --- —---- 25
Budget deferrals --- —---------- 235, 899
Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 25, 43, 73
Minority business development agency,
proposed ---------------------- 77
Minority business programs --- —-- 73, 78
Commerce, Department of-Continued
Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363
Secretary. See Commerce, Secretary
of
Small business, patent counsels for --- 78
Soviet trade restrictions enforcement- 184
Steel industry antidumping suits ---- 732,
736, 905
Under Secretaries --- —-------- 188, 654
Commerce, international
See also Economy, international; Multilateral trade agreements
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 175
Exports, U.S.
Administrative functions --- —---- 827
Agricultural products. See Agricultural trade
Arms and weapons systems --- —-- 696
Coal ------------------------- 907
Levels increase --- —------------- 125
Nuclear materials --- —---------- 403
Policy statement --- —----------- 400
Federal functions reorganization --- 5, 7, 25
Imports, U.S.
Anhydrous ammonia --- —----- 101, 102
Color television receiver subassemblies ----------------------- 920
Leather wearing apparel --- —- 531, 532
Nonrubber footwear --- —-------- 420
Oil. See Oil imports
Porcelain-on-steel cookware ---.... — 2, 3, 97
Steel ------------------ 723, 732, 902
Sugars, sirups, and molasses --- —- 2'o5
Unemployment adjustment assistance for workers affected by ---- 823
Upland cotton --- —------------- 575
Treaties and other international
agreements
Customs Valuation Agreement
amendment ------------------ 94
International Natural Rubber
Agreement, 1979 --- —-------- 591
International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
Convention ----------------- 590
U.S. and
Cartegena Agreement countries —... 20
China, People's Republic of --- — 119,
126, 607
Developing countries --- — 429, 549, 942
Indonesia -------------------- 20
Iran -------------- 113, 611,612, 614
Italy ------------------------- 421
Korea, Republic of --- —--------- 420
Taiwan ----------------------- 420
Tobago ----------------------- 20
Trinidad ---------------------- 20
Union of Soviet Soc'alist Republics.
See Trade with U.S. under Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics
Zimbabwe --------------------- 401
A-15
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Commerce, Secretary of (Philip M.
Klutznick)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Commerce, Department
of
Energy conservation responsibilities — 788
Export administration functions ---- 824
Export trade balance examination. --- 401
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act review- 402
Gasoline conservation fee support- 593, 598
Import relief determinations- 3, 4, 532, 533
International trade functions__ ---- 6, 8-10
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63,
423, 825
Olympics, 1980 Summer, prohibition
against transactions with Soviet
Union ------------------- 559, 560
Soviet trade restriction functions ----_ 32,
43, 184
Steel import antidumping suits study- 736
Swearing-in ceremony --- —--------- 43
Commission. See other part of title
Committee. See other part of title
Commodity Credit Corporation- 161, 391, 652
Communication Agency, International_- 236,
452, 616
Communications Commission, Federal_- 152
Communications Satellite Corporation_- 515,
894
Communications and telecommunications
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ------------------------- 152
Handicapped persons programs --- —- 811
Industry deregulation
Congressional consideration. —. 252, 573
Legislative proposal commitment for
1980 ---------------- 118, 121,152
Mentions ----------------- 215, 918
Purposes ---------------------- 151
Public broadcasting --- —------ --- 913
Community Development Corporation,
New -------------------- -— 752,775
Community Services Administration_ — 281,
492, 769
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) programs
Administration's accomplishments_ — 124,
213
Department of Labor youth employment program --- —------------- 125
Programs preservation in 1981 budget- 808,
832, 909
Conable, Repr. Barber B., Jr --- —----- 585
Condon, John P --- —--------------- 893
Conference. See other part of title
Congress
Action on administration's proposals
Administration's percentage of success --------------------- 114
Energy. See Energy legislation
Fiscal Year 1981 budget.. --- — 835, 857
Five Year Defense Program --- —-- 197
Congress-Continued
Action on administration's proposals-Continued
Nuclear Regulatory Commission reorganization ----------------- 617
Regulatory reform --- —------ 604, 785
SALT II treaty --- —---------- 12, 26
Standby gasoline rationing --- —--- 116
Trucking industry deregulation- 693, 920
U.S. foreign assistance loans --- —- 941
Youth employment and education
legislation ------------------- 847
Balanced budget for fiscal year 1981,
consultations with the President —_ 478,
484, 539, 556, 568, 570, 705
Coal utilization promotion --- —----- 472
Congressional elections, public financing of --- —-------------------- 153
Equal rights amendment support --- — 923
Inflationary legislation, President's
commitment to veto --- —------ 568, 572
Iran crisis, meeting with the President- 577
Legislative veto, constitutionality of-_ 433
Members, meeting with the President.
See Digest of Other White House
Announcements at the end of each
issue
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance appropriations --- —---- 960
Refugee admission consultations___ 684, 685
Relationship with the President --- —- 906
Summer Olympics, 1980, boycott support -------------- 356, 616, 664, 678
Water projects legislation --- —----- 88
White House briefings on:
Foreign assistance --- —---------- 941
Iran and Afghanistan situations_ — 38
Congress, Communications to
ADDRES SES
State of the Union ------------
194
LETTERS
Cyprus conflict --- —------ 205, 551, 947
Floodplain management --- —------- 37
Generalized System of Preferences for
developing countries
Afghanistan, designation suspension- 429
New beneficiary designations --- —- 429
Iran, rescue attempt of American
hostages --------------------— 777
Leather wearing apparel industry. --- 532
Navy shipbuilding programs --- —--- 475
Nuclear fuel exports --- —---------- 286
SALT II treaty delay --- —--------- 12
United States citizens living abroad. — 206
Utility companies, oil and natural gas
use reduction legislation --- —----- 448
MESSAGES
Budget, Fiscal Year 1981
Rescissions and deferrals --- —---- 235,
355, 428, 695, 898, 948
Revisions ------------------- 227, 569
A-16
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Congress, Communications to-Continued
Congress, Communications to-Continued
MES SAGES-Continued
Federal civilian and military pay ratesFederal territorial policy --- —--
General revenue sharing legislation —_
International science and technology
programs ---- --------------
Iran, economic sanctions against — 614,
John Day River in Oregon, wild and
scenic river study__ --- —----
Military awards program, Defense and
Transportation Departments --- —1959 Geneva Radio Regulations,
partial revision transmittal --- —---
Radioactive waste management program ---------------
Small businesses ---- ----------
State of the Union --- —-----------
468
317
698
406
716
323
475
225
296
73
114
REORGANIZATION PLANS
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (No.
1 of 1980) ------------------ 543, 836
REPORTS
Administration on Aging --- —--- 291, 824
Agricultural commodity shipments to
Soviet Union --- —-------------- 183
Automotive Products Trade Act of
1965, Operation of the --- —----- 653
Community Services Administration_ 492
Corporation for Public Broadcasting_ 912
Council on Environmental Quality —_ 351
Council on Wage and Price Stability_ 645
District of Columbia 1981 budget ---- 292
Economic Report of the President —_ 245
Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974 --- —--------------- 295
Energy Department --- —---------- 292
Federal advisory committees --- —--- 507
Federal energy conservation programs- 274
Federal mine safety and health activities -------------------------- 564
Generalized System of Preferences for
developing countries --- —-------- 703
Housing and Urban Development Department ---------------------- 824
Japan-U.S. Cooperative Medical Science program ------------------ 493
Middle distillate fuels situation during the winter of 1979-1980 --- —- 25
National Advisory Council on Adult
Education -------------------- 267
National Advisory Council on Economic Opportunity --- —--------- 274
National Council on the Arts --- —-- 452
National Endowment for the Arts- 452, 521
National Institute of Building Sciences ------------------------- 422
National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska- 63
Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of
1968 ------------------------- 291
REPORTS-Continued
1980 national housing production ---Nuclear nonproliferation --- —------
Porcelain-on-steel cookware industryRailroad Safety Act of 1970, administration of --- --------------
Selective Service System reform --- —
Transportation Department --- —--
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency --- —-------
United States Sinai Support MissionWeatherization assistance program —_
TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS
Canada, civil uses of atomic energy
agreement ------------ ----
Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora --- —-------------
Convention on the Physical Protection
of Nuclear Material --- —-----
Customs Valuation Agreement amendment --- —----
Cyprus, taxation and fiscal evasion
convention ----------
Food Aid Convention --- —---------
German Democratic Republic, consular convention --- —-------
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization ConventionInternational Atomic Energy Agency
Cooperation Agreement --- —-----
International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979 --- —
International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 --- -------------
Kiribati, friendship treaty___ --- —
Malta, income taxes treaty — -----
Switzerland, social security agreementVETO MESSAGES
Dioxin exposure, health effects study —
Uniformed services health professionals
special pay bill --- ----------
521
403
2
292
333
423
450
697
492
782
590
867
94
925
865
783
945
266
946
591
206
756
264
4
456
Coniey, Michael A --- —----------— _ 928
Connecticut
Administration briefing for community
and civic leaders --- —----------- 334
Democratic Party primary --- —-- 538, 564
Connolly, Brig. Gen. Joseph H --- —--- 37
Conrad, C. Carson --- —------------ 261
Conroy, Catherine --- —------------- 814
Conservation
Energy. See Energy conservation
Natural resources --- —--------- 418, 590
Construction industry, energy technologies development, job creation by —_ 580
Consumer Affairs, United States Office
of --------------------------- 83
A-17
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Consumer Cooperative Bank, National_ 146,
844, 869
Consumer Education Week, NationalConsumer Federation of America --- —Consumer interests
Credit control --- —-------------
Educational programs --- —--------
Federal representation — --------
Federal Trade Commission protectionServices information --- —------
Consumer Price Index --- —---------
555, 694,
Consumer Product Safety Commission_
Continental shelf, outer --- -------
Convention. See other part of title
Cook, Henry G --- —------
Cook, Thomas H., Jr — ---— _ ---
Cookware industry, porcelain-on-steel_ —
3
621
293
639
621
145
562
146
479,
917
281
233
926
492
2,,97
Cooney, Joan Ganz --- —------------- 263
Cooper, Deani L --- —----------- 928
Cooper, Richard N --- —-------- 775
Corless, Patrick J --- —-------- 928
Corman, Repr. James C --- —------- f
Corporation. See other part of title
Corporations
Profits increase --- —-------------- 110
Voluntary wage and price guidelines- 453
Corporations for Innovative Development -------------------------- 77
Corps of Engineers
Environmental research and development activities --- —------------- 352
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance responsibilities.__ —_ 951 953
Water projects assessment-_-_ --- — 88, 239
Cossiga, Francesco. --- —-- 24, 200, 207, 210
Costa Rica
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 682
President Rodrigo Carazo Odio --- —- 904
Refugee conference --- —---------- 874
U.S. Ambassador --- —---------- 900, 932
Costle, Douglas M. See Environmental
Protection Agency, Administrator;
Regulatory Council, Chairman
Cotton imports, upland (Proc. 4742)_- 575
Council. See other part of title
Court. See other part of title
Courts, United States
Appointments and nominations. See
specific group under Appointments
and Nominations
Courts-martial manual amendments — 493
Federal civil justice reform --- —---- 303
Judicial salaries --- —-----------— _ 467
Legislation ---------------------- 154
Minority appointments --- —---- 223, 887
Cranston, Sen. Alan --- —--------- 433, 539
Crawford, Michael E --- —----------- 844
Credit controls
Announcement remarks — _ --- — 477, 478
Federal credit programs. --- —--- 479, 571
Credit controls-Continued
Federal Reserve System authority —_ 478,
485, 497, 513, 571, 666, 961
investment exceptions --- —--------- 479,
485, 497, 513, 662
Mentions ------------------- 761, 875
Private investment --- —----- 554, 571, 884
Crichlow, Ernest --- —-------------- -602
Crosby, Elizabeth C --- —----------- 82n.
Crossley, Mary A --- —--------------- 930
Crotts, Marcus B --- —------------ 941, 967
Crown Central Petroleum Co --- —---- 581
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act
Budget 1981, sole revenue proposal in- 227
Congressional consideration
House of Representatives approval- 470
House-Senate Conference Committee -- 117, 128, 251, 279, 368, 400
Mentions ------------ 71, 75, 121, 225
Senate approval --- —----------- 542
Mentions ------------------- 788, 804
National energy policy, relationship
with ------------ 279, 480, 579, 894
Signing ceremony --- —---------- - 584
Cruikshank, Nelson H --- —---------- 534
Cruise missiles --- —----------------- 348
Cuba
Africa, involvement in___ 94, 108, 111, 674
Refugees. See Cuban refugees
Soviet Union, relationship with --- — 93,
625, 642, 674, 876
U.S. blockade, President's opposition
to ---------------------------- 94
Cuba, Premier (Fidel Castro)
Mention ------------------------ 873
Refugee evacuation actions --- —---- 780,
834, 912-915
Cuban refugees
International assistance --- —---- 682, 874
Mention ------------------------ 964
Peruvian Embassy in Havana, asylum
in ------------------------- 625, 647
U.S. assistance
Administration's policy
Announcement remarks --- —--- 912
News conference (Checklist) --- 932
White House statement ---. ---- 912
Announcement to accept one-third
of asylees --- —-------------- 682
Federal emergency actions --- 819, 833
Fort Chaffee, Ark., use as temporary
housing site --- —------------- 849
President's commitment to enforce
immigration laws --- —----- 901, 904
President's meetings with:
Congressional Members ---- 892, 931
Florida delegation --- —-------- 845
Vice President's statement --- —-- 780
Cuomo, Mario — -------------- 821
Customs and Patent Appeals, United
States Court of --- —----------- 866, 894
Customs Service, United States --- —-- 98,
102, 917
A-18
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Customs Valuation Agreement amendments ------------------------ 94
Cuthbertson, John W --- —----------- 927
Cutler, Jonathan D --- —------------- 927
Cutler, Lloyd N.
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25,
64, 104, 217, 268, 293, 374, 423, 493,
522, 563, 720, 775, 825, 932, 967
U.S. participation in 1980 Summer
Olympics, meetings and news conference --------------- 104, 107, 219
Cyprus
Conflict settlement progress reports-_ 205,
382, 551, 947
President Spyros Kyprianou --- —--- 382
Taxation and fiscal evasion convention
with U.S --- —---------------- 925
United Nations Peacekeeping Force- 205
Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child, National_- 720
Czechoslovakia
Iran, abstention from voting on sanctions against --- —-------------- 39
Soviet suppression of 1969 uprising- 91
Daley, Richard M., Jr --- —---------- 833
Dalton, Gov. John H --- —-------- 268, 303
Danforth, Sen. John C --- —------- 303, 823
Datsun Motor Co. See Nissan Motor Co.
Datt, John --- —-------------------- 334
Davidson, Ira --- —------------—.- 892
Davis, Arthur --- —----------------- 821
Davis, Jeffrey W --- —-------------- 26
Davis, Paul W --- —---------------- 96
Davis-Bacon Act --- —------------ 582, 858
Days, Drew --- —------------------- 223
Days of Remembrance of Victims of the
Holocaust (Proc. 4747) --- —------- 644
Debris Commission, California --- —--- 237
Defense, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Assistant Secretary --- —----------- 267
Budget deferrals --- —------------- 948
Cuban refugee assistance --- —-- 819, 850
Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 64, 775
Dioxin exposure, health effects study- 4
Draft registration for women, consultations with the President --- —- 243
Iran, military equipment export suspension ----------------------- 717
Mention ------------------------ 243
Military awards program --- —------ 475
Military installations location decisions ------------------------ 880
1981 budget allocations reduction_ 477, 568
Nuclear arms control responsibilities — 451
Physician shortage --- —------------ 456
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
Defense, Secretary of (Harold Brown)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Defense, Department of
Armed Forces physical fitness standards ------------------------- 262
Arms export control functions --- —-- 697
Foreign policy role --- —--------— _ 876
Defense, Secretary of-Continued
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25,
104, 217, 268, 293, 334, 374, 423, 452,
493,522, 563, 653, 720, 775, 825, 891,
932
Membership on:
Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
Mention ------------------------ 90
Military awards program report ---- 475
Military installation location decisions _ --- —------------------ - 880
Panama Canal functions --- —------ 538
Technology and strategic items transfer functions to Soviet Union ----- 43,
184
Defense and national security
See also Armed Forces, United States;
Arms and weapons systems
Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------- 162,673
Defense spending
Increases necessary for:
Military capabilities improvement --------------------- 309
Strengthening of alliances --- —- 91
1981 budget allocations --- —---- 165,
225, 228, 571, 835
Policy comparison with Sen. Kennedy ------------------- 737,749
Real rate increases --- —-- 116, 119, 248
Soviet Union-U.S. comparison ---- 347,
578, 659
Draft registration. See Draft registration
Five Year Defense Program --- — 197, 347
Nuclear cooperation with European
Atomic Energy Community (EO
12193) ----------------------- 304
President's commitment to American
strength ----------- 109,541,578,874
White House briefings for:
Civic and community leaders_- 367, 452
Congressional Members --- —- --— 333
Defense Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, National_ 506,
783, 930
Defreitas, Roger A --- —------------ 927
Delahanty, Thomas Edward, II --- —-- 375
Delaney, Gil --- —----------------- 75 n.
Delano, Robert --- —---------------- 334
Democratic Caucus, Asian/Pacific American -------------------------- 962
Democratic National Committee --- —- 538
Democratic Party
See also Elections, 1980
Congressional campaign dinner --- —- 538
President's assessment of political
principles ------------- 541,542,938
Deng Xiaoping --- —------------- 181, 407
Denton, Harold R --- —------------- 744
Department. See other part of title
A-19
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Depository Institutions Deregulation and
Monetary Control Act --- —----- 572, 608
Des Pres, Terrence --- —------------- 821
Deutch, John M --- —------------ 335, 849
Developing countries
Decade of Development --- —------- 561
Energy production assistance --- ——. 440
Generalized System of Preferences --- 429,
549, 703
United States
Assistance programs --- —- 407, 866, 942
Foreign relations --- —------- 579, 869
West German assistance --- —------- 439
Development, Agency for International- 427,
452, 561
Development, Corporations for Innovation ----------------------------- 77
Development Cooperation Agency,
United States International- 8, 51, 218, 296
Dew, Bruce Gregory --- —------------ 948
Dickey, James --- —----------------- 502
Dickman, Steven G --- —------------- 928
Dingell, Repr. John D --- —--- 607, 761, 770
Dioxin exposure --- —--------------- 4
Disabled Persons, International Year of- 809
Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of Small and --- —------- ----- 73
Disadvantaged Children, National Advisory Council on the Education of --- 257
Disadvantaged persons
Economic opportunities --- —------ 886
Federal assistance for energy price increases --- 64, 118, 137, 251, 279, 586
Federal programs --- —----------- 909
Food stamp program --- —------ 830, 835
Inflation, effect on ---- 498, 536, 555, 581
1981 budget allocations --- ——.. 229, 568
Project Head Start --- —----------- 463
Welfare reform legislation --- —----- 137
Youth employment. See Employment
under Children and youth
Disarmament, Committee on --- —----- 204
Disarmament and Control Agency,
United States. See United States Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency
Disaster assistance
Foreign disasters, economic assistance
for ------------------------ 943
Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption,
areas damaged by --- —-------- 950, 956
Disaster declarations (Digest)
Alabama ----------------------- 774
Arizona ----------------------- 374
Arkansas -------------- 720
California ------------------- 291, 374
Hawaii ------------------------ 292
Idaho ------------------------- 967
Louisiana --------------- 653, 773, 967
Michigan ----------------------- 932
Mississippi ---------------------- 774
Missouri ----------------------- 931
New York --- —------------------- 967
Washington --------------------- 967
Disease Control, Center for --- —------ 257
Dishart, Michael K --- —------------ 929
Disney, Walt -------------- 350
Dispute Resolution Act --- —---------- 303
Dispute Resolution Advisory Board --- — 303
Distillate fuels --- —----------------- 25
District of Columbia
Administration anti-inflation briefing
for black ministers (Digest) --- —- 825
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 147
Housing revenue bonds --- —------- 666
Metrorail system --- —------------- 14, 18
1981 budget --- —----------------- 292
Superior Court, associate judge --- —-- 458
U.S. circuit judge --- —---------- 654, 720
Voting rights --- —------------- 224, 830
District of Columbia Commission on
Judicial Disabilities and Tenure ----- 392
District of Columbia Law Revision Commission ------------------------- 521
District judges, U.S. See U.S. district
judges under Appointments and Nominations
Dobry, Anthony --- —---------- 770, 771n.
Dodson, Christine --- —-------------- 218
Dogin, Henry S --- —------------- 288, 293
Dollar, U.S., value of
Mentions ----------------- 499, 541, 558
1979 rate of exchange statistics --- —- 400
Relationship with:
International financial markets. ---. 254
U.S. export increases --- —------- 254
Stabilization actions --- —---------- 254
Dolvin, Lt. Gen. Welborn G --- —----- 33
Dombalis, Constantine --- —---------- 821
Domenici, Sen. Pete V --- —---------- 761
Domestic Policy Staff --- —----------- 319
Dominica, trade beneficiary developing
country designation --- —---------— _ 550
Dominican Republic, election system —... — 626
Donilon, Tom --- —----------------- 939
Donovan, Hedley, meetings with the
President (Digest) --- —------------ 25,
64, 104, 217, 268, 293, 334, 374, 452,
493, 521, 654, 719, 825, 893, 931, 932,
967
Doob, Joseph L --- —---------------- 82n.
Douglas, Cathy --- —---------------- 416
Douglas, Deborah A --- —------------ 929
Douglas, Rick --- —----------------- 893
Douglas, William 0O --- —--------- 105, 416
Douglas Arctic Wildlife Range, William
O., Alaska --- —--------------- 416, 419
Downey, Repr. Thomas J --- —-------- 374
Doyen, Ross --- —--------------- 552, 559
Drabek, Jaroslav --- —--------------- 821
Draft registration. See under Selective
Service System
Driver, William Joseph --- —--------- 12, 25
Drozak, Frank --- —----------------- 719
Drug Enforcement Administration --- — 413
A-20
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Drug retail chains
Representatives, meeting with the
President --- —------ 607 (Digest), 608
Voluntary price freeze --- —----- 659, 706
Drugs and narcotics, heroin trafficking_- 413
Duckworth, Sandy L --- —----------- 63
Duffey, Joseph --- —---------------- 217
Dugan, Francis R --- —----------- 941, 968
Dukakis, Kitty --- —---------------- 822
Duncan, Charles W., Jr. See Energy,
Secretary of
Duncan, Jack Genair --- —-------- 812, 826
Duncan, Repr. Robert B --- —-------- 318
Dunham, Daniel B --- —------------ 841
Dunne, Steve --- —----------------- 753
Eagleton, Sen. Thomas F --- —----- 27, 774
Earle, Ralph, II. See United States Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency,
Director
Earth Day --- —--------------- 1, 351, 415
East Orange, N.J --- —-------------- 492
Easter Seal Campaign, 1980 --- —----- 452
Eastwood, Mary --- —--------------- 62
Ecevit, Bulent --- —----------------- 382
Eckhardt, Repr. Bob --- —----------- 303
Economic Advisers, Council of, Chairman (Charles L. Schultze)
Budget preparation --- —----------- 225
Inflation rate reduction prediction_- 743
Meetings with the President
(Digest) ---------------------- 24,
63, 267, 292, 374, 423, 452, 493, 607,
719, 892, 932
Membership on:
Oil Policy Committee --- —--- - 10
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
News conference (Checklist) - 269, 453, 608
Economic Cooperation and Development,
Organization for --- —------------- 7
Economic Development Administration- 320,
726
Economic Opportunity, National Advisory Council on --- —------------ 274
Economic Report of the President_ — 245, 269
Economic Summits, Special Representative of the President for International ------------------------— 219
Economy, international
See also Commerce, international
Energy strategies --- —--------- 174, 253
Gold prices --- —----------------- 499
Impact of:
Inflation ---------------------- 441,
476, 484, 540, 553, 572, 580, 590, 639
Natural rubber prices --- —------- 591
U.S. dollar value --- —--- 254, 499, 558
Monetary policy --- —------------- 175
Multilateral trade agreements --- —-- 254
Economy, national
See also Anti-inflation program; Inflation
Administration's goals --- —--------- 199,
481, 498, 513, 541, 734
Economy, national-Continued
Advisers, meeting with the President
(Digest) ---------------------- 292
Credit controls. See Credit controls
Development assistance legislation__- 118
Foreign policy, relationship with --- —-874
Impact of:
Employment increases --- —------ 110
Small business sector --- —-------- 73
Soviet trade restrictions --- —----- 184
Interest rates. See Interest rates
National energy policy, relationship
with ------------------------- 470
News conference (Checklist) -------- 453
News conference statement --- —---- 705
Productivity --------------------- 910
Recession
Budget revisions for fiscal year 1981,
impact of --- —--------------- 568
Predictions for 1980 --- —------- 245,
246, 735, 748, 829
Savings encouragement --- —------- 554
White House briefing for community
leaders ----------------------- 801
Ecuador, trade beneficiary developing
country designation --- —------- 430, 550
Edgar, Repr. Robert W --- —--------- 563
Edison, Thomas Alva --- —---------- 274
Editors, American Society of Newspaper -------------------------- 631
Edmundson, Carole C --- —----------- 929
Education
Administration's goals and accomplishments ----------------------— 136
Federal aid --- —---------- 115,885,909
Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809
Salute to Learning Day --- —------- 841
Spanish-speaking Americans --- —--- 859
Teachers' role in --- —------------- 430
Youth employment training programs.
See Employment under Children
and youth
Education, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Activation (EO 12212) --- —------- 818
Assistant Secretaries, nominations ---- 203,
204, 219, 425, 426, 608, 751, 759, 768,
775, 840, 841, 967
Deputy Under Secretaries --- —----- 493
General Counsel --- —------------- 315
Handicapped persons programs ---- 809
Inauguration ceremonies --- —------ 523,
850, 855, 894
Inspector General --- —------------ 841
1981 budget allocation --- —------- 231
Purposes of creation ------- 136, 148, 842
Science and technology programs --- 81
Secretary. See Education, Secretary of
Under Secretary --- —---------- 426, 522
Education, National Advisory Council on
Adult ------------------------ 267, 844
Education, National Institute of ------ 651,
825, 949
Education, Office of --- —------------ 25
A-21
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Education, Secretary of (Shirley M. Hufstedler)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Education, Department
of
Black institutions strengthening --- —- 329
Department inauguration ceremonies — 850,
853, 855
Handicapped persons program responsibilities --------------------- 809
Meetings with the President (Digest) 452,
492
Mention ----------------------- 858
President's assessment --- —--------- 885
Youth employment and education
training programs development ---- 215
Education of Disadvantaged Children,
National Advisory Council on the ---- 257
Educational Progressive Association, Order of the American Hellenic --- —-- 381
Educational Research, National Council
on ----------------------- 96, 508, 522
Edwards, John Saul --- —------------ 269
Eglin Air Force Base, Fla -------- 834, 850
Egypt
Ambassador to U.S --- —-------- 525, 528
Peace negotiations and treaty with
Israel. See under Middle East
Prime Minister Mustafa Khalil___ 378, 967
Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807
United States
Financial assistance --- —--------- 242
Military facilities --- —---------- 391
Relations --------------------- 528
U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 930
Vice President Muhammad Husni
Mubarak --------------- 99,905,967
Egypt, President (Anwar al-Sadat)
Egyptian Government democratization ----------------------- 903, 905
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty role —.- 525,
632, 687
Israeli Prime Minister Begin, meeting
with -------------------------- 99
Jerusalem's status, position on --- —-- 640
Mentions -------------------- 399, 541
Relationship with the President__ 181, 486
Visit to U.S.
Meetings with the President_ 622, 623
Postvisit comments --- —------ 632, 648
Previsit comments --- —---------- 579
State dinner --- —-------------- 617
West Bank and Gaza Strip autonomy
negotiations
Camp David accords, commitment
to ---------- 378, 460,679, 714, 879
Consultations with the President —_ 511,
521, 523, 694
Resumption of negotiations announcement ----------------- 903
Ehrlich, Thomas --- —--------------- 8
Eidenberg, Eugene --- —------------- 492
Eighties, President's Commission for a
National Agenda for the --- —___ 263, 481
Eisenhower, Dwight D --- —------ 742,852
Eizenstat, Stuart E.
Cuban refugee policy news conference ---------------------- 914, 932
Dioxin exposure, health effects study — 5
Meetings with the President (Digest) ------------------------- 24,
63, 267, 292, 374, 423, 492, 493, 607,
774, 825
Mentions -------------------- 326, 367
News conferences (Checklist) --- —-- 25,
64,65, 104,219,293,335
Project Head Start, White House reception attendance --- —---- 462,466n.
Ekman, Sheldon V --- —---------- 756, 775
El Greco --- —---------------------- 340
El Salvador
Ambassador to U.S --- —---------- 775
Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero —_ 534
Conflict in --- —------------------ 626
U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 191
Elderly. See Older persons
Election Campaign Act Amendments of
1979, Federal --- —--------------- 37
Elections, 1980
Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc --- —--------------- 937
Cuban refugee situation, effect on campaign ------------------------ 914
Debates, possibility of --- —-- 311, 830, 907
Iranian and Afghan situations, effect
on President's campaign
Timing of decision announcements
for political advantage, possibility
of ----------------— 640, 709, 799
Travel plans --- —-------------- 90,
243, 310, 671, 729, 730, 746, 762
Mention ------------------------ 93
President's pledge to support Democratic Party nominee- 731, 738, 739, 763
Primary and caucus results
Alabama primary --- —---------- 461
Alaska caucuses --- —----------- 461
Connecticut primary --- —- 534, 538, 564
Florida primary --- —------------ 461
Georgia primary --- —----------- 461
Hawaii caucuses --- —----------- 461
Iowa caucuses --- —---------- 180,519
Kansas primary --- —------------ 584
Maine caucuses --- —------------ 295
Maryland primary --- —--------- 932
Massachusetts primary --- —------ 428
Missouri primary --- —---------- 762
Nebraska primary --- —---------- 932
New Hampshire primary --- —---- 399
New York primary --- —-- 534, 538, 564
News conference (Checklist) ------ 894
Oklahoma caucuses --- —--------- 461
Pennsylvania primary --- — 729, 739, 762
Vermont primary --- —---------- 428
Virginia caucuses --- —---------- 525
Washington caucuses --- —------- 461
Wisconsin primary --- —------ 584, 724
A-22
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Electric utility companies. See Utility
companies
Electrical Workers, International Brotherhood of --- —------------------- 653
Electrification Administration, Rural_ — 539
Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act Amendments --- —-------- 567
Emergency Boards to investigate railway
labor disputes
Long Island Railroad --- —------ 103, 104
Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp-_ 667,
684, 931
Emergency building temperature restrictions (Proc. 4750) ---------------- 685
Emergency declarations, Florida__ --- — 892
Emergency Management Agency, Federal. See Federal Emergency Management Agency
Emerson, Ralph Waldo --- —--------- 500
Emery, Fred --- —------------------ 682n.
Emmett, Daniel Decatur --- —-------- 502
Employee benefit council, interagency,
proposed ----------------------- 295
Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974 --- —-------------- 295, 617
Employment, Vice President's Task Force
on Youth --- —---------------- 124, 815
Employment and Balanced Growth Act
of 1978, Full --- —--- 115, 124, 249, 250
Employment discrimination cases, Special Panel for --- —--------------- 567
Employment Opportunity Commission,
Equal ------------------- 223,567,617
Employment and unemployment
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ---------------------- 750,901
Automobile industry --- — 32, 706, 711, 823
Blacks ------------------- 53, 123,249
Coal industry --- —--------------- 473
Federal procurement policy --- —---- 72
Federal programs --- —--------- 878,919
Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809
Inflation and oil imports, relationship
with ------------------------- 71,
124, 227, 244, 250, 472, 580, 582, 787,
798, 802, 829, 860
International trade reorganization, impact on --- —------------------ 6
Minorities ------------------- 805, 878
Nonrubber footwear industry —_ --- — 420
President's commitment to full employment --------------------- 582
Private Sector Initiatives program_ — 124
Small business community --- —----- 74
Spanish-speaking Americans__ 54, 249, 859
Statistics ------------------------ 57,
110, 115, 120, 123, 214, 223, 245, 249,
250, 342, 389, 582, 723, 878
Steel industry --- —--------------- 734
Women ---------------------— _ 831
Youth programs. See Employment
under Children and youth
Enarson, Harold L --- —------------- 96
Endangered Species Act --- —--------- 416
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora, Convention on International
Trade in --- —------------------- 590
Energy
See also Alcohol fuels; Biomass energy;
Coal; Gasohol; Gasoline; Natural
gas; Nuclear energy; Oil; Solar energy; Synthetic fuels
Conservation. See Energy conservation
International cooperative strategy --- 174,
403, 440
Legislation. See Energy legislation
Mention ------------------------ 659
1981 budget allocations --- —---- 225, 228
Prices. See Energy prices
Production. See Energy production
Research and development. See Energy research and development
Supplies. See Energy supplies
White House briefings for community
leaders ------------ 367, 452, 801, 825
Energy, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Annual report --- —--------------- 292
Budget rescissions and deferral_ — 428, 948
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876
Membership on:
Radiation Policy Council --- —---- 363
State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301
Mention ------------------------ 115
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
support services --- —------------ 565
Nuclear waste management responsibilities ------------------------ 298
Oil import adjustment program responsibilities ------------------- 593
Ridesharing programs --- —--------- 272
Under Secretary --- —----------- 65, 335
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system, report preparation --- —--- 99
Energy, Secretary of (Charles W. Duncan, Jr.)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Energy, Department of
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
adviser-member ---------------- 967
Emergency building temperature restrictions authority --- —--------- 686
Energy conservation
Award presentations --- —------- 791n.
Program development ---- 481, 788, 790
Functions:
Gasoline rationing plan --- —----- 92
Heavy crude oil price control regulations --- —----------------- 96
Marginal oil wells deregulation. --- 696
Nuclear waste management --- —-- 298
International nuclear energy agreements analyses --- —----------— _ 782
A-23
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Energy, Secretary of-Continued
Meetings with the President (Digest) - 63,
267, 374
Membership on:
Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
Mentions ----------------- 49, 266, 514
National energy education policy responsibilities ------------------- 509
National Transportation Week, White
House ceremony participation --- — 930
Oil import adjustment program
Functions -------------- 594-599, 760
Recommendation to impose conservation fee --- —--------------- 592
Report receptions
Coal mining safety --- —--------- 473
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee ------------------------- 504
State Planning Council on Radioactive
Waste Management, support services -------------------------- 302
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system recommendation --- —----- 100
Energy Agency, International --- —- 251, 440
Energy conservation
Anti-inflation measure --- —----- 570, 580
Appeal for public support --- 199, 828, 846
Federal employees ridesharing program ------------------------- 271
Federal programs report --- —------- 274
Mandatory measures ---- 121, 199, 279, 685
Mention ------------------------ 938
1981 budget allocations --- —---- 248, 417
Oil imports reduction, relationship
with ------------------------- 71,
314, 461,509, 512, 585, 802, 846, 920,
938
Public service media instruction --- — 368
State and local governments goals -- 130
Tax credits --- —----------------- 130
Voluntary measures --- —- 14, 18, 130, 802
White House briefings --- —-- 49, 787, 826
Energy Conservation Days, National — 783
Energy Education Day, National --- —- 509
Energy Facility Siting and Evaluation
Council, Washington State --- —---- 99
Energy legislation
See also Crude Oil Windfall Profit
Tax Act; Energy mobilization board;
Energy security corporation; Standby gasoline rationing plan
First national plan, 1977 --- —------ 585
Second national plan, 1979
Congressional consideration --- —-- 71,
92, 128, 199, 337, 460, 480, 498, 762,
788, 804, 829, 846
Mention ---------------------- 115
Passage necessary for:
American security and freedom — 279
Oil import reduction --- —----- 121
State and local areas impact assistance- 132
Energy mobilization board
Legislation
Conference Committee consideration ------------------------ 117,
251,279, 368, 587, 607, 761, 788
Mentions ----------- 121, 480, 805, 846
Priority of administration --- —----- 129
Purposes of creation --- —--------- 117,
129, 149, 251, 831
Energy prices
Deregulation --------------------- 788
Inflation, relationship with --- —---- 110,
461, 512, 540, 579, 735, 743
Low-income assistance programs --- — 64,
118, 137, 226, 279
Energy production
1981 budget allocations --- —------- 248
Relationship with:
Energy Security Trust Fund --- — 75,
226, 251,279, 448, 585
Oil imports reduction --- —------- 50,
71, 314, 461, 509, 802, 846, 920, 938
Energy Regulatory Commission, Federal- 813
Energy research and development
Energy Security Trust Fund allocations. See Funding purposes under
Energy Security Trust Fund
Federal projects --- —-------------- 664
Energy security corporation
Congressional consideration
Conference Committee --- —------ 117,
251, 279, 368, 788
Mentions -------------- 121, 480, 846
Priority of administration --- —------ 129
Purposes of creation --- —--------- 117,
129, 149, 251, 832
Energy Security Trust Fund
See also Crude Oil Windfall Profit
Tax Act
Funding purposes
Conservation --- —-- 227, 251, 470, 585
Low-income assistance for price increases ------ 227, 251, 279, 585
Mass transit improvement --- —---- 14,
227, 251,470, 585, 884
Research and development --- —-- 72,
76, 226, 251,279, 448, 585
Energy supplies
American percentage of world suplies -------------------------- 963
Future American security, relationship
with ----------------------- 50, 512
Limited American resources, public
recognition of --- —- 649, 828, 847, 920
Engineers, Corps of. See Corps of Engineers
Engram, Irby Dell, Sr ---------------- 845
Environment
Administration's goals and accomplishments --------------------- 157, 351
Coal production standards --- —---- 473
Earth Day anniversary --- —-------- 1
A-24
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Environment-Continued
Hazardous waste disposal. See Hazardous waste disposal
International cooperation to protect — 403
Legislation ---------- -------- 233
Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on-_ 951,
959
Nuclear waste disposal --- —------- 298
Pollution standards for energy production ------------------------- 831
Second environmental decade, anniversary celebration --- —------------ 414
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system ----------------------- 101
Environment, Panama Canal Joint Commission on the --- —------------- 35
Environmental Industry Council --- 414, 419
Environmental Policy Act of 1970,
National ------------------------ 351
Environmental Protection Agency
Budget deferral --- —------------- 948
Coal emission standards --- —------- 473
Dioxin exposure, health effects study — 4
Mentions ------------------- 272, 352
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
Radioactive waste management functions ------------------------- 300
Regional Administrator --- —------- 654
Regulatory reform --- —----------- 59
Steel industry antidumping regulations ------------------------ 902
Three Mile Island, Pa., nuclear accident, environmental protection
actions ----------------------- 744
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system, port facility location recommendation ------------------- 101
Environmental Protection Agency, Administrator (Douglas M. Costle)
Meeting with the President (Digest)__ 63
President's assessment --- —-------- 59-61
Radiation Policy Council, Chairman_- 364
Tennessee Valley Authority functions- 240
Environmental Quality, Council on
Annual report --- —--------------- 351
Chairman ----------------------- 335
Mentions ----------------------- 1, 415
Radiation Policy Council, activities
appraisal ---------------------- 363
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system, report preparation --- —--- 100
Episcopal Church, Christian Methodist- 775
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ----------------- 223, 567, 617
Equal rights amendment
Administration's priority --- —--- 118, 154
Deadline extension for ratification_ 116, 154
Illinois General Assembly consideration ------------------- 832, 892, 925
Mention ------------------------ 314
President's support for --- —------ 830, 880
White House briefings --- — 333 (Digest),
921
Erb, Guy Feliz --- —----------------- 296
ERISA. See Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
Ernster, Cletus P --- —-------------- 919
Ervin, Samuel James, III --- —-------- 608
Erving, Julius --- —----------------- 291
Espinosa, Robert Huertematte --- —--- 33
Ethiopia
Refugees flight --- —--------------- 964
Soviet influence --- —----------- 111, 674
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation withdrawal --- —----- 550
Ethnic organizations, meeting with the
President --------------------- 648
Europe, Conference on Security and Cooperation in --- —------------- 440, 848
European Communities
Afghanistan neutrality proposal --- —- 439
Atomic Energy Community
(EURATOM) ------------- 286, 304
Iran, sanctions against --- —- 760, 764, 765
Parliament, President Simone Veil —_ 238
European Communities, Commission of
the -------------------------- 189
Evans, Daniel --- —----------------- 263
Evans, Elizabeth W --- —------------ 273
Evans, Gov. John V.
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster assistance actions- 950, 952, 957, 959, 960
State Planning Council on Radioactive
Waste Management, member ---- 303
Everett, Robinson 0 --- —------------ 317
Evron, Ephraim --- —------------ 525, 530
Executive Exchange, President's Commission on --- —------------------ 272
Executive Office of the President --- —-- 616
Executive Orders
Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership (EO
12190) ----------------------- 262
Arms export controls administration
(EO 12210) --- —----------- -- 696
Central Intelligence Agency retirement and disability system (EO
12197) ---------------------- 431
Courts-martial manual amendments
(EO 12198) --- —-------------- 493
Credit control (EO 12201) --- —---- 482
Education Department activation (EO
12212) --------------------- 818
Emergency Board to investigate a railway labor dispute (EO 12207) --- 667
European Atomic Energy CommunityU.S. nuclear cooperation (EO
12193) ----------------------- 304
Executive Schedule (EO 12199) --- 462
Export Administration Act of 1979,
administration (EO 12214) --- —-- 823
Federal civilian and military pay rates
(EO 12200) --- —-------------- 467
Federal facility ridesharing program
(EO 12191) --- —-------------- 271
A-25
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Executive Orders-Continued
Generalized System of Preferences for
developing countries (EO 12204)_- 549
Heavy crude oil price controls (EO
12189) ----------------------- 96
International trade functions (EO
12188) --------------------- 7
Iran
Aliens entry into U.S. (EO 12206) - 612
Economic sanctions against
(EO 12205) --- —------------ 612
(EO 12211) --- —------------ 714
Marginal oil wells decontrol (EO
12209) ----------------------- 696
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee
(EO 12202) ------------------- 504
Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees (EO
12196) ----------------------- 393
Panama Canal functions (EO 12203)- 537
President's Commission on United
States-Liberian Relations (EO
12195) ----------------------- 372
Radiation Policy Council (EO
12194) --------------------- 362
Refugee admission consultations (EO
12208) ---------------------- 684
State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management (EO
12192) ----------------------- 301
United States Holocaust Memorial
Council (EO 12213) --- —------- 820
Executive Schedule --- —------------ 462
Executive Service, Senior --- —-- 73, 467, 900
Executives, Presidential Exchange --- —- 422
Export Administration Act of 1979_- 403, 823
Export Council, President's --- —------ 401
Export Disincentives, Task Force on. —. 402
Export-Import Bank of the United
States --------------- 400,607,731,942
Ewing, Oscar ---- ------------- 535
Faberge, Inc --- —--------------- 552, 581
Fabiola, Queen --- —---------------- 757
Fabray, Nanette --- —------------ 812, 826
Fahey, Msgr. Charles J --- —---- 816, 826
Families
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ------------------------- 141
President's comments --- —--------- 650
Families, White House Conference on_- 224
Families With Dependent Children, Aid
for ---------------------- 806, 836, 892
Farber, Leonard L --- —--------- 237, 268
Farkas, Gerald M --- —------------- 37
Farm Bureau, American --- —--------- 334
Farm Safety Week, National --- —--- 683
Farmers and farm sector. See Agriculture, farmers and farm sector
Farmers Home Administration__ --- — 77, 567
Fascell, Repr. Dante B --- —---------- 848
Father's Day (Proc. 4758) --- —------- 899
Fauna and Flora, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild --------------------------- 590
Fauntroy, Walter --- —-------------- 16
Faust, William --- —----------------- 775
Fay, William M --- —------------ 683, 720
Featherston, C. Moxley --- —------ 683, 720
Federal advisory committees --- —----- 507
Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health ------- 395, 396
Federal Bureau of Investigation ---- 119, 412
Federal civil justice reform --- —------ 303
Federal Civilian Service, President's
Award for Distinguished --- —------ 86
Federal Communications Commission__ 152
Federal Council on the Aging
Budget allocations --- —------------ 536
Members ---------------- 537, 816, 826
Federal Council on the Humanities ---- 653
Federal departments and agencies
See also Memorandums to Federal
Agencies
Building access for handicapped persons ------------------------— 810
Private sector, relationship with --- — 44
Reform and reorganization --- —--- 115,
148, 483, 543, 616, 785, 836
Refugee assistance --- —------------ 503
Regional officials, meeting with the
President (Digest) --- —--------- 217
Regulatory reform. See Federal.egulatory system under Regulatory reform
Spending programs reduction --- —-- 570
Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1979 --- —-------------- 37
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Cuban refugee assistance --- —-- 819, 850
Deputy Associate Director --- —----- 819
Director ---------------- 950, 955, 956
Mention ------------------------ 617
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance actions --- —----------- 950
Nuclear powerplant safety functions-_ 131,
505
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
Federal employees
Civil service reform --- —---------- 898
Hiring freeze.._ --- —-- 477, 484, 557, 570
Merit pay system --- —------------ 73
Occupational safety and health programs ------------------------ 393
Pay rates --- —---------------- 467, 468
Political activities participation ---- 37, 156
Retirement and disability system ---. 431
Ridesharing program --- —--------- 271
Salary freeze for senior officials --- —- 571
Size reduction --- —--------------- 389
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission- 813
Federal Government. See Federal departments and agencies
Federal Highway Administration___ 842, 893
Federal Home Loan Bank Board --- —-- 268
A-26
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association --------------------------- 138
Federal Labor Relations Authority --- — 84,
468, 493
Federal Magistrates Act of 1979 --- —-- 303
Federal Maritime Commission --- — 428, 452
Federal National Mortgage Association- 911
Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on_ — 468
Federal Prison Industries, Inc --- —---- 452
Federal Reserve System
Anti-inflation efforts --- —------- 804, 884
Board of Governors
Chairman -------------- 574, 607, 892
Members --- —-------- 75, 421, 522, 523
Credit controls authority --- —----- 478,
482, 485, 497, 513, 571, 666, 961
Financial institutions deregulation,
effect on --- —------------------ 573
Money supply restrictions --- —------ 570
Prime interest rate increase --- —-- 75, 254
Seasonal credit loans to farmers --- —- 702
Federal Service Impasses Panel --- —--- 83
Federal Trade Commission
Chairman ---------------------- 281
Consumer protection activities --- —-- 282
Reauthorization legislation --- —---- 282,
562, 774, 815
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system, report preparation --- —--- 99
Fell, Bernard --- —------------------ 268
Ferrill, Jay R --- —----------------- 929
Feynman, Richard Phillips --- —------- 82n.
Fiji, U.S. Ambassador --- —---------- 893
Filer, John --- —-------------------- 422
Financial report, President's --- —----- 968
Fink, Stanley --- —------------------ 303
Finland, U.S. Ambassador --- —---- 405, 423
Fischer, Carl William --- —------- 204, 219
Fisher, Repr. Joseph L --- —------- 16, 452
Fishing industry
Administration's development policy- 160
Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on- 957
Soviet restrictions in American waters- 23,
41, 196, 278, 634, 747
Fitzgerald, F. Scott --- —----------- 502
FitzGerald, Frances --- —----------- 263
Flag Day and National Flag Week (Proc.
4757) -------------------------- 895
Flander, Mervin J --- ------------ 931
Flemming, Arthur --- —-------------- 537
Fletcher, Willard --- —-------------- 822
Flint, Andrew P --- —--------------- 928
Flipper, Cassandra M --- —----------- 305
Floodplain management --- —--------- 36
Flora, Convention on International
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and --- —------------------ 590
Florida
Cuban refugees. See Cuban refugees
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461
Emergency declaration --- —-------- 892
Haitian refugees. See Haitian refugees
Flowerree, Charles C --- —-------- 204, 219
Floyd, William F., III --- —------- 533, 564
Foley, Repr. Thomas S.
Legislation passage leadership
Emergency agricultural credit. --- 568
Farmer-owned grain reserves --- — 653
Mention ------------------------ 539
Mount St. Helens eruption, inspection
tour of areas damaged by --- —--- 961
Food
Prices ----------------------- 453, 504
Retail stores
Representatives, meeting with the
President -------- 607 (Digest), 608
Voluntary prices freeze --- —- 659, 706
Stamps
Administration's accomplishments — 115,
909
Authorization legislation --- —---- 830,
835, 887, 901
Purchase requirement elimination — 115
"War on Hunger" program --- —---- 176
Food and Agricultural Development,
Board for International --- —------- 323
Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 --- — 504
Food Aid Convention --- —----------- 865
Food for Peace --- —---------------- 257
Food program, United Nations World — 257
Footwear industry, nonrubber --- —---- 420
Ford, Charles R --- —-------------- 34
Ford, Gerald R --- —--------- 347, 593, 744
Ford, John --- —-------------------- 502
Ford, Sen. Wendell H --- —------- 303, 538
Foreign assistance
See also Developing countries; specific
country
Caribbean nations --- —----------- 627
Legislation ------------------- 119, 964
White House briefing for congressional
Members --------------------- 941
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission
of the United States --- —--- 483, 534, 564
Foreign commercial service, proposed --- 9
Foreign policy
See also specific country or region
Administration's goals and accomplishments --------------------- 162,326
Former Soviet allies, relationship with- 807
President's policy imperatives --- —-- 632
President's responsibility to establish
policy ------------------ 487, 876, 881
Reflection of American ideals _ --- — 673,
868, 874, 875
White House briefings (Digest) with:
Citizen activists in foreign affairs — 63
Congressmen ------------------ 333
Foreign Scholarships, Board of --- —---- 272
Foreign Service --- —---------------- 9
Foreman, Carol Tucker --- —--------- 281
Forest Service --- —--------- 951, 953, 958
Forest System, National --- —--------- 159
A-27
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Forests
Energy sources development --- —--- 586
Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on — 951,
956
U.S. efforts to protect --- —-------- 419
Fort Chaffee, Ark --- —-------------- 849
Fortune 500 companies --- —--- 787, 829, 846
Fountain, Tamara R --- —----------- 927
Four Corners Regional Commission_ 372, 453
4-H Club, National --- —------------ 701
France
Olympics, 1980 Summer, possibility of
boycott ---------------------- 676
Zaire, relationship with --- —------- 679
France, President (Valery Giscard d'Estaing)
Mention ------------------------ 674
Palestinian autonomy proposal --- —- 682
Soviet Union, grain shipment decision -------------------------- 42
West German Chancellor Schmidt,
meeting with --- —----------- 292, 313
Frank, Irvin --- —------------------- 822
Frankel, Stanley D --- —---------- 377, 379
Frankfort Arsenal, Pa --- —----------- 877
Franklin, Benjamin --- —------- 81, 526, 924
Fraser, Douglas --- —-------------- 28, 931
Fraser, J. Malcolm --- —----- 103, 259, 284
Fraser, Jean S --- —----------------- 926
Fraternal organizations, meeting with the
President ----------------------- 648
Fratianne, Linda --- —--------------- 380
Frazier, Henry B., III --- —-------- 468, 493
Fredericks, Wayne --- —------------- 719
Fredin, Conrad M --- —----------- 237, 269
Freedom, Presidential Medal of --- —--- 751
Freeman, Rowland G., III. See General
Services Administration, Administrator
Freeman, S. David --- —------------- 240
Freight rail industry. See Railroads
Frenzel, Repr. Bill --- —------------- 37, 38
Friedman, Clara H --- —------------- 684
Friedman, Stephen J --- —-------- 235, 564
Friendship Force --- —------------ 628, 944
Frosch, Robert A --- —-------------- 563
Fuel companies
Conservation fee on imported oil, effect on --- —------------------- 497
Federal control of oil imports, possibility of --- —------------------ 889
Non-oil supplies, ownership constraints ----------------------- 883
Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil
Windfall Profit Tax Act
Fuel Institute, New England --- —----- 292
Fuentes, Annette Droz --- —---------- 258
Full Employment and Balanced Growth
Act of 1978 --- —----- 115, 124, 249, 250
Funk, Gerald --- —--------------- 355, 719
Gabor, Peter C --- —---------------- 928
Gabusi, John B --- —---------------- 203
Galbreath, Dan ----------- 371
Galindo, Gabriel Lewis --- —------ 33
Gallegos, Herman --- —-------------- 263
Galvin, Donald E --- —----------- 812, 826
Garcia, Repr. Robert --- —----------- 492
Gardner, John --- —---------------- 948
Gardner, William C --- —--------- 458, 493
Garn, Sen. Jake --- —---------------- 573
Gary, Ind --- —------------------ 825, 932
Gasohol -------------------- 61,232, 586
Gasoline
Conservation fee on imported oil
Congressional consideration --- —-- 903,
918, 943
District Court ruling on constitutionality -------------- 903, 931, 944
News conference (Checklist) ------ 932
Oil import reduction measure --- — 485,
497, 554
President's promise to not use receipts to balance 1981 budget --- 571
Proclamations concerning — 592, 657, 760
10 cents per gallon proposal --- —-- 485,
497, 571
Consumption reduction --- —----- 199, 480
Rationing
President's position comparison with
Sen. Kennedy --- —----------- 750
Standby plan. See Standby gasoline
rationing plan
State consumption goals --- —------- 481
Gaydos, Repr. Joseph M --- —-------- 369
Gearde, Frank, Jr --- —------------- 931
General Accounting Office --- —---- 544, 898
General Accounting Office Act --- —--- 603
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) -------------------- 7, 97, 265
General Motors Corp --- —---------- 902
General revenue sharing
Administration's legislative priority --- 116
5-year extension legislation- 698, 803, 832
President's support --- —-------- 142, 555
Reauthorization proposal --- — 25, 118, 122
General Services Administration
Labor surplus areas goals --- —------ 73
Low-emission vehicles development --- 484
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
support services --- —------------ 505
Occupational safety and health programs --------------------- 393, 396
General Services Administration, Administrator (Rowland G. Freeman
III)
Energy conservation measures --- —-- 790
Federal employees ridesharing program responsibilities --- —-------- 271
Federal occupational safety and health
programs study --- —------------ 396
Mentions -------------------- 263, 302
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
support services --- —------------ 505
A-28
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Generalized System of Preferences for
developing countries. See under Developing countries
Geneva Radio Regulations, 1959 --- —-- 225
Genocide, Convention on the Prevention
and Punishment of the Crime of --- — 119
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich --- —-------- 189
Gentry, John N --- —------------- 292, 374
Georgia
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 461
Equal rights amendment support -- 924
Friendship Force --- —------------- 628
Georgine, Bob --- —-------------- 577, 589
Gerbasi, Salvatore R --- —------------ 769
German Democratic Republic
Berlin Wall --- —---------------- 964
Consular convention with U.S --- —-- 783
Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan,
U.N. proposal opposition --- —---- 40
Germany, Federal Republic of
Bavarian Minister President Franz
Josef Strauss --- —----------- 470, 518
Berlin Mayor Dietrich Stobbe --- —-- 644
Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher ------------------------- 189
Joint statement --- —-------------- 438
1980 Summer Olympics, boycott of -- 439,
470, 712, 920
Turkey, economic assistance to --- —- 678
Vulnerability to East-West tensions — 675
Germany, Federal Republic of, Chancellor (Helmut Schmidt)
French President Giscard d'Estaing,
meeting with --- —----------- 291, 313
International situation comparison
with First World War --- —------- 673
Iran and Afghanistan situations, telephone discussion with the President (Digest) ----------------- 719
Visit to U.S.
Announcement ----------------- 103
Meetings with the President --- —- 435,
438, 441
Getis, Hilary H --- —---------------- 927
Gevirtz, Donald --- —---------------- 263
Geyer, Paul R --- —----------------- 927
Ghorbal, Ashraf A --- —---------- 525, 528
Ghotbzadeh, Sadegh --- —------------ 764
G.I. Forum --- —------------------- 563
Giaimo, Repr. Robert N --- —----- 539, 857
Gibbons, John David --- —----------- 931
Gibbs, Todd --- —------------------ 720
Gilbert Islands, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —----- 550
Gilman, Marvin S --- —------------- 911
Gilmore, Horace W --- —------------ 968
Ginsberg, Ruth Bader --- —------- 654, 720
Giscard d'Estaing. Valery. See France,
President
Glenn, Sen. John --- —-------------- 603
GNP. See Gross national product
Goddard Memorial Trophy --- —-- 563, 564
Goheen, Robert F --- —-------------- 64
Gold prices --- —---------------- 499, 558
Goldberger, Marvin L --- —---------- 849
Goldschmidt, Neil. See Transportation,
Secretary of
Goldstein, Sol --- —----------------- 822
Goodby, James Eugene --- —------- 405, 423
Goodfriend, Isaac ---- ----------- 822
Goodling, Repr. William F --- —------ 847
Goodman, June K --- —-------------- 606
Goodwill Graduate of 1980, National_ — 893
Gordon, Robert C. F --- —--------- 364, 375
Gottschalk, Alfred ---- ---------- 822
Government, Federal. See Federal departments and agencies
Government Financial Operations, Bureau of --- —--------------------- 594
Government National Mortgage Association ------------------------ 138
Governors' Association, National --- —-- 397
Grady, Sandy --- —------------------ 733n.
Graesser, Joy A --- —--------------- 927
Graham, Billy --- —----------------- 181
Graham, Frances Keesler --- —-------- 896
Graham, Otto --- —----------------- 607
Graham, Gov. Robert --- —-------- 624, 820
Grain industry
Farmer-owned reserves --- —-------- 652
Prices increase --- —-------------- 339
Soviet trade restrictions. See under
Agricultural trade
Gramley, Lyle E --- —-------- 421, 522, 523
Granum, Rex --- —----------------- 255
Grasso, Gov. Ella --- —----------- 303, 789
Graves, Earl G --- —----------------- 305
Gray, Catherine G --- —------------- 927
Gray, Fred D --- —------------------ 64
Gray, Georgia Neese Clark --- —------- 563
Gray, Repr. William H., III_ — 373, 509, 719
Graybeal, Sidney N --- —------------- 86
Grayson, C. Jackson --- —------------ 263
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
Greece
Olympics, proposed permanent summer
site --------------- 107, 108, 383, 520
Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis ---------- --------- 382, 520
Winter Olympics torch ceremony in
Athens (Digest) --- —----------- 217
Green, William --- —--------- 726, 736, 874
Green, Repr. William S --- —--------- 823
Greenberg, Irving --- —-------------- 822
Grenadines, trade beneficiary developing
country designation --- —---------- 550
Greybor Electric Co --- —--------- 552, 581
Griffin, James D --- —--------------- 63
Griffin, Marie --- —----------------- 257
Gromyko, A. A --- —---------------- 878
Gross national product
Defense spending percentage --- —--- 347
Federal Government spending, percentage reduction --- —---------- 71
76, 122, 226, 489, 639
A-29
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Gross national product-Continued
1980 decline, President's expectation
of --------------------------- 227
World's largest product --- —------- 963
Guam
Land claim judgments --- —-------- 466
U.S. policy --- —----------------- 317
Guerin, Elizabeth A --- —------------ 928
Guin, Kenneth --- —------------- 703n.
Haar, Dan --- —------------------- 733n.
Hagans, Theodore R., Jr --- —-------- 509
Haggerty, Patrick E --- —------------ 849
Haines, Dina M-_ --- —_ --- —----- 926
Haiti, Ambassador to U.S --- —------- 775
Haitian refugees
Federal assistance program --- —---- 375
Florida congressional delegation, meeting with the President. --- —- 845, 892
Mentions ---------------------- 901
President's promise for equitable treatment ---------- 834, 879, 904, 914, 916
State Department resettlement efforts- 820
Hale, Sandra J --- —-------- 237, 268
Haltom, E. B., Jr --- —-------------- 64
Hamilton, Blake D_ --- —------------ 929
Hamilton, Christopher D --- —------- 927
Hamilton, Frank I --- —------------- 344
Hammer, Armand --- —------------- 341
Hanaford Works Site, Washington ---- 664
Handicapped, Committee for Purchase
From the Blind and Other Severely —_ 37,
521,932
Handicapped, National Council on the — 810,
812, 826
Handicapped, President's Committee on
Employment of the --- —----------- 808
Handicapped persons --- —---- 156,808-812
Hanmer, Rebecca W --- —----------- 654
Hansell, Herbret J --- —--------- 720
Hardy, Charles L --- —-------------- 608
Hardy, Gladys Change --- —---------- 949
Harkin, Ruth R --- —--------------- 293
Harkin, Repr. Tom --- —------------ 720
Harkness, Jon L --- —------------- 96, 218
Harnett, William --- —-------------- 340
Harriman, W. Averell --- —---- 47, 267, 719
Harris, Franco --- —-------------- 291
Harris, Repr. Herbert E., II — 13, 15-17, 374
Harris, Larnelle --- —-------------- 183
Harris, Patricia Roberts. See Health and
Human Services, Secretary of
Harrison, Lt. Jeffrey --- —------------ 786
Harrop, William C --- —------ 355, 843, 893
Hart, Sen. Philip A --- —------------- 281
Harte-Hanks Communications --- —---- 761
Harvey, Sgt. John D --- —------- 780n., 864
Hassell, John S., Jr --- —------- 842, 893
Hastings, Karis A --- —------------- 927
Hatch Act --- —-------------------- 156
Hatcher, Richard --- —----------- 825, 932
Hatfield, Sen. Mark 0 --- —- 37, 38, 275, 318
Hathaway, Dale E --- —-------------- 219
Hawaii
Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461
Disaster declaration --- —---------- 292
Hawkins, Repr. Augustus F --- —------ 847
Hayakawa, Sen. S. I --- —------------ 509
Hayes, Adm. John B --- —----------- 932
Hayes, Spencer T --- —-------------- 19
Hayne, William A --- —------------- 34
Hazardous waste disposal
Love Canal and Valley of the Drums
accidents ------------------ 158, 352
Nuclear materials. See Nuclear waste
disposal
Oil ------------------------- 116, 158
Head Start, Project --- —------------ 462
Health, Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety anl --------- 395, 396
Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and --- —------------- 395
Health, National Institutes of ---- _ 955, 956
Health Administration, Occupational
Safety and --- —------------- 59, 70, 281
Health and Human Services, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Assistant Secretaries --- —---------- 316
Budget rescissions and deferrals_ — 235, 355
Dioxin exposure effects study --- —---- 4
Inauguration ceremonies --- —------ 908
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
support services --- —------------ 505
Occupational safety and health activities -------------------- 394
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
Social security agreement with Switzerland ----------------------- 265
Health and Human Services, Secretary
of (Patricia Roberts Harris)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Health and Human
Services, Department of
Black colleges strengthening efforts-_ 329
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
adviser-member ---------------- 967
Cuban refugee consultations --- —--- 780
Department inauguration ceremonies- 908,
911
Dioxin exposure, legislative requirement for health effects study --- —- 4
Interagency Radiation Research Committee, establishment --- —------- 364
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 267,
492
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee,
report reception --- —----------- 504
Project Head Start responsibilities — 462,
465, 466n.
Refugee admission functions --- —--- 685
Health and medical care
Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------------- 133-136
Child assurance program --- —--- 118, 811
A-30
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Health and medical care-Continued
Dioxin exposure effects --- —------- 4
Emergency medical care --- —------ 514
Federal employee programs --- —---- 393
Handicapped persons --- —--------- 809
Hospital cost containment. See Hospital cost containment
Industry representatives, meeting with
the President --- —-------------- 563
Mental health-. --- —-------- - 118, 784
Military physician shortage --- —--- 456
Mount St. Helens eruption, effect on — 951
National plan --- —--------- 117, 132, 811
1981 budget allocations --- —---- 230, 231
Nursing homes --- —--------------- 604
Older persons --- —--------------- 535
Polio immunization --- —----------- 811
Research and development --- —----- 190
Spinal cord injuries --- —---------- 811
Health professionals special pay bill, uniformed services --- —-------------- 456
Health Service, Public --- —------- 456, 908
Health Service Corps, National ------- 909
Healy, Theresa Ann --- —--------- 899, 933
Heart Association, American --- —----- 190
Heart Month, American --- —------—. 190
Heckmann, Richard J --- —--------- 304
Heen, Walter Meheula --- —------- 423, 424
Heiden, Beth --- —------------------ 380
Heiden, Eric --- —--------------- 377, 379
Heidt, James H --- —---------------- 929
Heidtke, Lisa R --- -------------- 928
Height, Dorothy --- —------------- 719, 822
Hellenic Educational Progressive Association, Order of the American --- —---- 381
Heller, Michael A --- —-------------- 926
Heller, Walter --- —----------------- 63
Helsinki Final Act --- —---------- 357, 440
Henderson, Thelton Eugene --- —------ 894
Henderson, Thomas H., Jr --- —----- 62, 374
Henry, Aaron --- —-------------- 534, 537
Henry, Bethuel --- —---------------- 373
Herman, Alexis --- —---------- 844, 893
Hershow, Russell M --- —------------ 928
Herzstein, Robert E --- —--------- 188, 654
Hesburgh, Theodore --- —----------- 822
Hess, Paul --- —-------------------- 303
Hessler, Curtis Alan --- —--------- 434, 453
Heumann, Judith E --- —---------- 813, 826
Hewitt, William --- —-------------- -263
Hickey, Robert C --- —-------------- 911
Hicks, Dan P --- —------------------ 928
Highway Administration, Federal_ — 842, 893
Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
National ------------------------ 281
Hilberg, Raul --- —----------------- 822
Hinerfeld, Ruth --- —--------- 589, 828, 836
Hinton, Deane R --- —-------------- 521
Hirsch, Sam --- —------------------- 927
Hispanic Americans. See Spanish-speaking Americans
Hjort, Howard W --- —-------------- 219
Hobbs, Truman McGill --- —--------- 218
Hodes, Richard S --- —----------- 552, 559
Hodges, Luther H., Jr --- —-- 25, 43, 73, 521
Hofer, David L --- —---------------- 183
Hoffman, Joyce --- —--------------- 75 In.
Holliday, Helen --- —---------------- 893
Holloway, Al --- —------------------ 552
Holmes, Cpl. George, Jr --- —---- 780n., 864
Holmes, John Wesley --- —----------- 749
Holocaust, Days of Remembrance of Victims of the --- —------------- ---— 644
Holocaust, President's Commission on
the ------------------------- 148, 687
Holocaust Memorial Council, United
States -------------------------- 820
Holschuh, John David --- —---------- 564
Holt, Cleo --- —-------------------- 258
Home Administration, Farmers _ ---- 77, 567
Home Loan Bank Board, Federal_ --- — 268
Home Loan Mortgage Association, Federal ---------------------------- 138
Honda Motor Co --- —-------------- 706
Honduras, President Policarpo Paz
Garcia ---- --------------- 426
Honolulu, Hawaii --- —-------------- 720
Hooks, Benjamin --- —-------------- 264
Hormats, Robert -------------- 25
Hornby, William --- —-------------- 643n.
Horton, Repr. Frank --- —----------- 369
Horton, Odell --- —--------- -- 423, 424
Hospital cost containment legislation-_ 117,
133, 231, 571
Hostage Family Liaison Action Group- 931
Hotel industry --- —---------- ----- 967
Hotelling, Joan P --- —------------ 926
Hourihan, John P --- —---------- 813, 826
House, Arthur H --- —------------- 749
Housing
Administration's goals and accomplishments ----------------------- 138
Construction regulations --- —------ 59
D.C. revenue bonds --- —--------- 666
Fair housing legislation --- — 118, 155, 720
Federal mortgage assistance program- 728,
806, 835, 887, 909
Handicapped persons --- —--------- 810
Impact of:
Federal financial institutions deregulation -------------------- 573
Inflation ---------------------- 723
Mortgage rates --- —----------- 806, 890
New homes construction. --- 662, 705, 728
1980 production report --- —------- 521
1981 budget allocation — 230, 536, 540, 555
Weatherization assistance program
status, report --- —-------------- 492
Housing and Urban Development, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Annual report --- —--------------- 824
Assistant Secretaries --- —------ 192, 281
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
A-31
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of (Moon Landrieu)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Housing and Urban Development, Department of
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
adviser-member ---------------- 967
Energy conservation responsibilities — 788
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63,
492, 825
President's assessment --- —--------- 212
Houston Employee Plans Group --- —-- 20
Howard, Repr. James J --- —------ 825
Howe, Warner --- —------------- 533, 564
Howell, Ann --- —----------------- 893
Hsieh, Paul S --- —------------------ 927
Huber, Laura L --- —---------------- 928
Hubert Humphrey Institute of Public
Affairs -----------------------— 935
Habschman, Henry A --- —--------- 911
Huddleston, Sen. Walter D --- —------ 268
Huff, Helen H --- —--------------- 845
Hufstedler, Shirley M. See Education,
Secretary of
Hughes, Gov. Harry --- —----------- 303
Hughes, John David --- —----------- 813
Hughes, Langston --- —-------------- 56
Hughes, Paula D --- —----------- 940, 968
Hughes, Repr. William J --- —----- 607
Human rights
Conventions ratification --- —------- 119
Domestic
Administration's accomplishments- 155
Blacks -------------------- 85, 222
Humphrey, Hubert H., efforts for — 222
Johnson, Lyndon, efforts --- —---- 463
Spanish-speaking Americans --- —-- 223
Women ---------------------- 223
Foreign
Administration's accomplishments
and goals --- —------- 166, 177, 379
International Labor Organization's
violations investigation --- —---- 306
Soviet Union --- —---------- 357, 379
Third World nations --- —------- 197
Mentions ------------------ 50,52,579
Reflection of American ideals_ 216, 385, 868
Human Rights, Inter-American Convention on --- —------------------- 119
Human Rights, United Nations Commission on --- —------------------- 495
Humanities, National Council on the --- 264
Humanities, National Endowment for
the ------------------------- 521, 774
Humanities, National Foundation on the
Arts and --- —-------------------- 754
Humphrey, Sen. Gordon J --- —----- 538
Humphrey, Hubert H.
Civil rights efforts --- —----------- 221
New England tribute --- —--------- 935
1968 Presidential election --- —-- 732, 738
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient -------------------------- 752
Humphrey, Hubert H.-Continued
Quoted ------------------------- 910
Humphrey, Sen. Muriel --- —------ 224, 935
Humphrey-Hawkins act. See Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of
1978
Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs,
Hubert ------------------------- 935
Hund, Kirsten J --- —---------- 929
Hungary, U.S. Ambassador --- —-- 236, 268
Hunger, Presidential Commission on
World -------------------------- 777
Hunt, Dale C --- —----------------- 929
Hunter, Larry W --- —-------------- 927
Hwang, Charles C --- —------------- 929
Iacocca, Lee --- —------------------ 29
Iakovos, Archbishop --- —----------- 752
Idaho
Disaster declaration --- —--------- 967
Mount St. Helens eruption, areas
damaged by --- —---------- 957, 958
Salmon River and River of No Return ------------------------- 416
Ideal Basic Industries --- —----------- 581
Illinois
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 538
Equal rights amendment consideration ------------------ 833, 892, S24
U.S. district judges --- —---------- 608
Immigration and naturalization
See also Refugees
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ----------------------- 142
Cuban refugees. See Cuban refugees
Haitian refugees. See Haitian refugees
Iranian aliens --- —--------------- 615
Legislation ---------------------- 119
Refugee admission consultations --- — 684
Immigration and Naturalization Service- 915
Impasses Panel, Federal Service --- —-- 83
Import Bank of the United States, Export- -------------- 400,607,731,942
Imports. See under Commerce, international
India
Foreign relations
Pakistan --------------- 35, 330
U.S ------------------------ 172
President's Personal Emissary. --- 188,217
U.S. Ambassador --- —------------ 64
Indian Education, National Advisory
Council on --- —------------------ 849
Indiana, administration briefing for comunity and civic leaders (Digest) —.- 825
Indonesia
Natural rubber exports --- —-------- 592
Trade with U.S --- —--- 20, 403, 430, 550
Inflation
See also Anti-inflation program
Administration's top domestic priority- 120,
215, 245, 539, 579, 587
A-32
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Inflation-Continued
Causes
Comprehensive energy policy, absence of --- —--------- 337, 385, 388
Economic productivity rate decrease ------------------- 215, 476
Home mortgage rates --- —------- 713
Oil imports. See under Oil imports
Impact on:
Consumer prices --- —----------- 245
Disadvantaged persons ---- 536, 540, 798
Employment ------------------ 124,
227, 244, 250, 472, 582, 798, 802
Interest rates. See under Interest
rates
International economy ---- 280, 388, 441
Minimum wage — 115, 572, 580, 590, 637
Older persons --- —-------------- 536
Mention ------------------------ 649
Innovation Development, Corporations
for ----------------------------- 77
Inouye, Sen. Daniel K --- —------- 373, 962
Institute. See other part of title
Institutionalized Persons Act, Civil
Rights of --- —------------------- 965
Intelligence community
National security functions --- —---- 167
New legislative charter-__ 155, 167, 198, 241
Interagency Committee for the Purchase
of United States Savings Bonds --- —- 653
Interagency Committee on Women's
Business Enterprise --- —----------- 77
Interagency Council for Minority Business Enterprise --- —-------------- 76
Interagency employee benefit council,
proposed ------------------------ 295
Interagency Radiation Research Committee -------------------------- 364
Interagency Review Group on Radioactive Waste Management --- —------ 297
Inter-American Convention on Human
Rights -------------------------- 119
Inter-American Development Bank Day
(Proc. 4728) --- —---------------- 414
Inter-American Foundation --- —------ 522
Interest rates
Federal financial institution ceilings — 573
Oil price increases, relationship with- 705,
875
Statistics ------------- 728, 762, 829, 875
Intergovernmental Committee for Science and Technology for Development_ 408
Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization Convention --- —-- 945
Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory
Commission on --- —------- 104, 273,422
Interior, Department of the
See also specific constituent agencies
Budget rescissions and deferrals --- — 235
Environmental protection activities_ — 352
Federal water projects assessment ---- 239
John Day River in Oregon, wild and
scenic river study --- —---------- 323
Interior, Department of the-Continued
Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration Act, responsibilities --- —----- 604
Reports preparation
National Petroleum Reserve in
Alaska ------------------- 63, 232
West-to-east crude oil transportation system --- —-------------- 99
Solicitor --------------------- 718, 775
Territorial responsibilities --- —----- 319
Water project plans --- —---------- 88
Interior, Secretary of the (Cecil D. Andrus)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Interior, Department of
the
Meeting with the President (Digest)- 825
Membership on:
Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 8
State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 10
Mentions -------------------- 233, 416
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance responsibilities --- —- 955, 956
News conference (Checklist) -------- 104
Paiute Indian reservation plan preparation ----------------------- 604
Recommendations on:
Water projects --- —------------- 89
West-to-east crude oil transportation system --- —----------- 99-101
Site establishment to commemorate
former Presidents --- —---------- 433
Territorial responsibilities --- —----- 319
U.S. nuclear test investigations on
Northern Marshall Islands --- —--- 466
William 0. Douglas Arctic Wildlife
Range, Alaska, management --- —- 420
Internal Revenue Service --- —-- 20, 289, 322
International Air Transportation Competition Act --- —----------------- 332
International Atomic Energy Agency --- 266,
403, 433
International Broadcasting, Board for —_ 56,
218
International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers ------------------------ 653
International Chamber of Commerce --- 307
International Communication Agency_ 236,
452, 616
International Convention on Maritime
Search and Rescue, 1979 --- —------ 946
International Court of Justice, American
hostages in Iran decision --- —------ 22,
37, 39, 113, 614, 670, 707, 728, 795,
881
International Development, Agency for — 427,
452, 561
International Development Cooperation
Agency, United States --- — 8, 51, 218, 296
A-33
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
International Economic Summits, Special Representative of the President
for ----------------------------- 219
International emergency wheat reserve__ 162
International Energy Agency --- —- 251, 440
International Food and Agricultural Development, Board for --- —--------- 323
International Labor Conference --- —-- 931
International Labor Office --- —------- 931
International Labor Organization --- — 306
International Monetary Fund --- —- 175, 942
International Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979 ---- -------------- 591
International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation ------------------------- 286, 403
International Olympic Committee
President ------------------------ 929
Rules governing individual representation at Games --- —------------- 677
Summer Olympics, 1980
Decision to hold games in Moscow- 305,
311, 356
U.S. boycott, position presentation
to ------------------ 106, 108,356
International Telecommunication Union- 225
International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium --- —-------------- 705
International Trade Commission, United
States. See United States International
Trade Commission
International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,
Convention on --- —-------------- 590
International Wheat Agreement --- —-- 865
International Year of the Child, 1979,
National Commission on the --- —--- 752
International Year of Disabled Persons-_ 809
Interstate Commerce Commission --- —- 584
Inventors' Day, National --- —-------- 273
Investigation, Federal Bureau of_ --- 119, 412
Iowa
Democratic Party caucuses --- —----- 180
Grain sales embargo --- —--------- 92
Iran
American hostage situation
Address to the Nation --- —------- 22
American leadership, responsibility
for ------------------------- 641
Cause for American unity --- —--- 216,
325, 384, 398
Embassy protection before takeover -------------------- 112,740
Hostage Family Liaison Action
Group --------------------— _ 930
International Court of Justice decision. See under International
Court of Justice
International reaction
European Communities --- —---- 189,
238, 760, 764, 775, 900
Germany, Federal Republic of-_ 437,
438,442,719
Iran-Continued
American hostage situation-Continued
International reaction —Continued
Islamic nations-_ --- —-------- 337
Italy --------------------- 208, 210
Kenya ---------------------- 355
Spain ----------------------- 83
United Nations. See Iran, American hostages in under United
Nations
U.S. allies --- —-------------- 338,
638, 662, 668, 707, 712, 728, 882, 897
Iranian Embassy in London takeover, comparison with --- —----- 845
Mentions --------------------- 52,
68, 91, 93, 224, 341, 367, 553, 608,
649 659, 702, 867, 938, 962
Michael Metrinko's parents, meeting
with the President --- —------- 606
National honor and safety of the
hostages, inseparability of --- —- 729,
745, 765
News conference statements ---- 307, 704
Possibility of:
Deadline for release --- —------ 670,
709, 745
Food embargo --- —----------- 707
Military measures --- —-------- 660,
669, 670, 707-712, 728, 745, 882
Soviet control of militants --- — 637
Transfer to Iranian Government- 576,
577
Presidential campaign, impact on.
See under Elections, 1980
President's commitment to:
Peacefully resolve --- —-------- 25,
36, 1 2, 633, 742,873
Protect lives of hostages --- —--- 25,
36, 88, 112, 345,875
Refuse to apologize for past U.S.
actions -----------------— __ 734
Public support for President's actions ----------------------- 90
Relocation of hostages --- —------ 888
Rescue mission
Address to the Nation --- —---- 772
Congressional leaders, meeting
with the President (Digest)-_ 775
Helicopters, mechanical condition
of --------------------- 805, 882
Letter to Speaker of House and
Senate President pro tempore- 777
News conference --- —------ 792-800
Nonmilitary mission --- —---- 793, 873
Planning ------------------- 889
President's conviction of rightness of operation --- —---- 787, 860
Rehearsal of operation in continental U.S --- —------------ 882
Secretary of State Vance's opposition to --- —----------- 781, 881
Servicemen injured during operation ------------------- 756, 793
A-34
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Iran Continued
American hostage situation-Continued
Rescue mission-Continued
Servicemen killed during operation -------------- 779, 847, 864
White House statement --- —--- 771
White House briefings --- —------ 38, 63
White House statement --- —----- 11
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. See
Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Canadian delegation, escape assistance to six Americans --- —------ 255
Emigration to U.S --- —------------ 451
Foreign Minister Sadegh Ghotbzadeh- 764
Iraq, relationship with --- —-------- 685
Military capabilities --- —---------- 662
Oil supplies --- —------------- 661,685
President Abol Hassan Bani-Sadr. See
Iran, President
Revolutionary Council --- —-------- 39
671, 710, 724, 741, 742, 745, 764, 794
Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. See
Pahlavi, Shah Mohammad Reza
Soviet threat of invasion --- —------ 40,
113, 184, 195, 390, 728
U.N. Secretary-General Waldheim's
visit -----------------------— _ 39
U.S. sanctions
Aliens entry restrictions into U.S --- 615
Diplomatic facilities closings in U.S_ 611,
612, 707, 800
Economic
EO 12205 --- —------------- 612
EO 12211 --- —----------- 714,764
Iranian economy, effect on --- — 661
Mention -------------------- 800
Messages to Congress reporting
U.S. actions --- —------- 614,716
Purposes ------------- 670, 707, 882
Travel prohibition on U.S. citizens_ 710,
715, 717
Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
American hostage situation
Mentions ------- 39, 112, 277, 796, 800
Position on:
Execution of hostages --- —- 730, 765
Release --------------------- 741
Responsibility for illegal holding__ 611
Transfer to Iranian Government,
promise to.. ----. 637, 671, 745, 764
U.N. Secretary-General Waldheim, refusal to see --- —--------------- 27
United States past involvement in
Iran, position on --- —----------- 742
Iran, Central Bank of --- —----------- 614
Iran, President (Abol Hassan BaniSadr), American hostage situation
Mentions -------------------- 707, 730
Release, position on --------------- 741
Transfer to Iranian Government,
promise to --- —---------------- 576,
671, 710, 724, 742, 745, 764
Iran, United Nations commission of inquiry on --- —-------- 356, 386, 455, 458
Iraq, relationship with Iran --- —------ 685
Ireland, Foreign Minister Brian Lenihan --------------------------- 500
Irish Americans --- —---------------- 502
Isaiah ---------------------------- 528
Islamic Nations
Response to:
American hostages in Iran --- —-- 337
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ---- 88,
284, 325, 329, 390, 398, 459, 579, 642
U.S. relations --- —---------------- 283
Israel
Ambassador to Egypt --- —--------- 378
Ambassador to U.S --- —----- 525, 530
Defense Minister Ezer Weizman --- — 825
Jerusalem, status of --- —---------- 427
Labor Party chairman, meeting with
the President (Digest) --- —------ 774
Mention -------------------- 91
Peace treaty and negotiations with
Egypt. See under Middle East
United States
Financial assistance --- —----- 242, 377
Military facilities --- —---------- 391
Oil supplies --- —--------------- 688
Relations --------------------- 527
U.S. Ambassador --- —------------- 930
Israel, Prime Minister (Menahem Begin)
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty role ---- 525,
632
Meeting with Egyptian President
Sadat ------------------------ 99
Mentions --------------------- 377, 541
Relationship with the President_ — 181, 486
Visit to U.S.
Meetings with the President- 694, 700
Previsit comments_ — 579, 622, 623, 648
State dinner --- —-------------- 686
West Bank and Gaza Strip autonomy
negotiations
Camp David accords, commitment
to ------------------------ 378,
460, 618, 679, 714, 879
Consultations with the President- 511,
521, 523
Italian American Foundation --- —---- 208
Italy
Joint statements --- —-------------- 210
NATO role --- —------------------ 679
Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 421
Venice Economic Summit Conference.
See Venice Economic Summit Conference
Visit to U.S.
Announcement ----------------- 24
Joint press statement --- —------- 210
State dinner --- —-------------- 207
Welcoming ceremony --- —------- 200
Iwo Jima Commemoration Day (Proc.
4724) -------------------------- 350
A-35
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Jabaley, Michael E --- —------------- 927
Jackson, Sen. Henry M.
Communications from the President_ 63,
233n.
Energy mobilization board legislation
support ----------------------- 761
United States Holocaust Memorial
Commission, member --- —------- 823
U.S. territorial policy development --- 318
Jackson, Jesse --- —----------------- 932
Jackson, Maynard --- —------------- 719
Jackson, Reggie --- —--------------- 291
Jaffe, Celia P --- —----------------- 928
Japan
Ambassador to U.S --- —-------- 422, 775
Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira ---- 607,
806, 816, 817
Train systems research and development ------------------------- 664
United States
Grain sales --- —--------------- 392
Medical science cooperation program ----------------------- 493
Relations ---------------------- 169
Science and technology cooperation- 407,
816, 826
Jaques, Milton --- —---------------- 733n.
Javits, Marian B --- —--------------- 264
Jefferson, Thomas
Educational philosophy --- —---- 852, 856
Mention ---------------------- 81,924
Quoted ------------------------- 646
Jeffords, Repr. James M --- —-------- 847
Jenkins, Roy --- —------------------ 189
Jenkins, Timothy L --- —--------- 940,968
Jewish Appeal, United --- —------- 377,931
Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 4752) --- 768
Jews
Organization for Rehabilitation
through Training, foundation of --- 561
St. Louis federation, meeting with the
President (Digest) ------------- 217
Jews, National Conference of Christians
and ---------------------------- 343
Job, Glenn --- —-------------------- 380
Joe, Thomas C --- —------------- 813,826
John Day River in Oregon ----------- 323
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts --- —------------- 273, 304, 399
John Paul II, Pope --- —------------- 181
Johnson, Staff Sgt. Dewey L -—. 780n., 864
Johnson, Repr. Harold T --- —----- 333, 825
Johnson, Lady Bird --- —---- 462, 463, 466n.
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Education legislation support --- —-- 852
Head Start program establishment_ — 463
Mention ------------------------ 766
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient -------------------------- 752
Quoted ------------------------- 910
U.S.S. Pueblo incident --- —-------- 744
Johnson, Michael C --- —------------ 926
Johnson, Norma Holloway --- —---- 423, 424
Johnson, Robin K — ----------- 926
Johnston, Sen. J. Bennett --- —----- 318, 761
Joint Statements
Germany, Federal Republic of --- —- 438
Italy --------------------------- 210
Jones, James E., Jr --- —------------- 567
Jones, Lois Mailou --- —------------- 602
Jordan, Emma Coleman --- —--------- 949
Jordan, Hamilton
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 708
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24,
25, 63, 103, 217, 267, 268, 293, 334,
374, 423, 452, 522, 563, 654, 775,825,
892, 893, 932, 967
Jordan, West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements, law enforcement responsibilities ------------------------- 618
Jorling, Thomas --- —-------------— ___ 264
Joseph, James A --- —--------------- 344
Juan Carlos I, King --- —--------- 334, 335
Judicial Disabilities and Tenure, District
of Columbia Commission on --- —--- 392
Juneau, W. Stanley --- —------------ 849
Jung, Francis L --- —------------- 534, 564
Justice, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Attorney General. See Attorney General
Budget rescission and deferrals --- —- 235,
899, 948
Criminal code reform --- —--------- 156
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, transfer to --- —------------ 483
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enforcement ------------------------- 402
Fuel companies non-oil supplies ownership, monitoring of --- —--------- 883
International trade investigations. —. 402
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
State and local dispute resolution programs ------------------------ 303
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system recommendation --- —----- 100
Justice, International Court of. See International Court of Justice
Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, Office of --- —------------- 288, 293
Kahn, Alfred E.
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 292,
374, 493, 607, 774, 892, 893
Mentions --------------------— 59, 61
Voluntary wage and price guidelines,
telegram to Fortune 500 companies
(Checklist) -------------------- 453
Kahn, Eve M --- —----------------- 926
Kaiser, Philip M --- —--------------- 191
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corp ---- 892
Kampelman, Max M --- —----------- 848
Kampuchea
Geneva relief conference --- —------ 931
Refugees ------------------------ 964
Soviet influence --- —-------------- 674
A-36
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Kanazawa, Shimeji --- —-------- 816, 826
Kane, Robert. See United States Olympic
Committee, President
Kansas
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 584
U.S. district judge --- —----------- 720
Karamanlis, Constantine --- —----- 382, 520
Kariuki, Godfrey G --- —------------ 355
Karpatkin, Rhoda --- —-------------- 264
Kassebaum, Sen. Nancy Landon --- —-- 584
Kastenmeier, Repr. Robert W --- —---- 303
Katterhagen, J. Gale --- —----------- 911
Katz, Abraham --- —-------------- 48, 374
Kaufman, Robert E --- —------------ 606
Kavanaugh, Paul F ----------- 237
Keeley, Robert V --- —----------- 717, 720
Keep, Judith Nelsen --- —------------ 894
Kelly, Patrick F --- —--------------- 720
Kemeny, John G --- —------- 118, 131, 544
Kennedy, Sen. Edward M.
Campaign withdrawal, possibility of — 451
Chrysler Corporation, Federal assistance support --- —-------------- 311
Democratic Presidential campaign
Convention rules change, possibility
of ------------------ 731, 737, 739
Debate with the President, Sen.
Byrd's advocacy of --- —------- 907
Decision to stay in race to conclusion ------------------------ 729
Primary and caucus results --- —--- 180,
295, 399, 429, 525, 534, 762
Dispute Resolution Act, passage
leadership --------------------- 303
Iran and Afghanistan situation positions ------------------------- 308
Mention ------------------------ 631
Policy differences with the President- 736,
749, 750
Trucking industry deregulation support -------------------------- 281
Kennedy, John F --- —----------- 502, 867
Kennedy, William J., III --- —-------- 305
Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts,
John F --- —------------- 273, 304, 399
Kentucky, State officials, meeting with
the President (Digest) --- —-------- 422
Kenya
President Daniel T. arap Moi ------- 334,
335, 352, 354, 357
U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 843,893
U.S. military bases --- —--------- 35, 391
Kenyatta, Imze Jomo --- —------- 353, 357
Keys, Martha E --- —------------ 840, 967
Khalil, Mustafa --- —------------ 378, 967
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah. See Iran,
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
Kiereini, Jeremiah G --- —----------- 355
Kiker, John W --- —---------------- 19
Killanin, Lord --- —---------------- 929
Killen, Denis James --- —------------ 422
Killy, Jean Claude --- —------------- 380
King. See specific forename
King, Gov. Bruce --- —-------------- 303
King, Coretta Scott --- —---------- 84, 890
King, James B --- —----------------- 493
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
Birthday anniversary, message of the
President --------------------- 61
Civil rights efforts --- —------ 84, 223, 887
National holiday legislation --- 155, 890
King, Susan B --- —----------------- 281
King Hussein. See Jordan, King Hussein
King Juan Carlos I. See Spain, King
Kiribati
Friendship treaty with U.S --- —---- 206
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation -------------------- 550
Kirkland, Lane --- —---------- 28, 224, 452
Kissinger, Henry A --- —------------- 631
Kiwanis International --- —---------- 930
Kline, Mark D --- —---------------- 927
Klotz, Bobi --- —---------------- 377, 379
Klutznick, Philip M. See Commerce,
Secretary of
Knap, Ted --- —------------------- 733n.
Knox, Marcy --- —------------------ 824
Knuth, Donald Ervin --- —---------- 82n.
Kohler, Saul --- —----------------- 751 n.
Kolberg, William --- —-------------- 422
Kolisevski, Lazar --- —-------------- 828
Komer, Odessa ----------------- 813, 826
Kontos, C. William --- —--------- 843, 893
Kopman, Marlene --- —------------- 192
Korea, Republic of
Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 420
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169
Korenko, Michael Karl --- —--------- 949
Kornberg, Arthur --- —-------------- 82n.
Kornegay, Francis Albert --- —-------- 237
Kozaren, Robert --- —--------------- 292
Kraft, Timothy F --- —-------------- 939
Kreeger, Bill --- —------------------ 412
Kreidler, Robert L --- —------------- 928
Krents, Harold Eliot --- —----------- 949
Kreps, Juanita --- —---------------- 47
Krueger, Robert --- —-------------- 756n.
Ku Klux Klan --------------------- 223
Kulas, Julian E --- —---------------- 822
Kuntz, Marcia B --- —--------------- 928
Kurose, Aki --- —------------------- 258
Kushner, Rose --- —---------------- 911
Kuwait, abstention from voting on sanctions against Iran --- —------------ 39
Kyprianou, Spyros --- —------------- 382
Labor
Anti-inflation accords with administration ----- 71, 76, 121,248, 497, 581
Law reform --- —----------------- 156
Legislation ---------------------- 582
New York leaders, meeting with the
President --------------------- 451
Windfall profits tax support --- —---- 586
A-37
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Labor, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
CETA program administration ------ 909
Employee retirement cooperative
agreements -------------------- 295
Frances Perkins Building dedication-_ 629
Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363
Trade adjustment assistance determinations --------------------- 823
Under Secretary --- —------- — 292,374
Youth employment and training programs ----------------- 125,312,337
Labor, Secretary of (Ray Marshall)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Labor, Department of
Coal mining safety report reception-_ 473
Federal civilian and military pay rate
recommendations -------------- 468
Federal Council on the Humanities,
member ------------------ 653
Frances Perkins Building dedication
ceremony attendance --- —------- 629
Import relief determinations_ 3, 4, 532, 533
Meetings with the President (Dieest) - 63,
374, 825, 932
Mention ------------------------ 808
Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 393
Youth employment and education program actions --- —------------ 64, 215
Labor Conference, International --- —- 931
Labor Council for Latin American Advancement --------------------- 857
Labor Office, International --- —------ 930
Labor Organization, International ---- 306
Labor Relations Authority, Federal --- — 84,
468, 493
Labor Relations Board, National --- 217, 218
Laffoon, James R_ --- —------------- 269
Lagomarsino, Repr. Robert F ----__ 318, 433
Lake, W. Anthony --- —------------- 891
Lake County, Ind --- —-------------- 966
Lake Placid Olympic Organizing Committee ------------------------- 268
Lamb, Lawrence --- —--------------- 261
Lamm, Norman --- —--------------- 822
Landers, Ann --- —----------------- 911
Landrieu, Moon. See Housing and Urban
Development, Secretary of
Langlotz, Bennet K --- —------------ 927
Lapin, Raymond H --- —------------ 911
Latin America
See also Caribbean; specific country
Cuban influence --- —---------- 173,626
Inter-American Development Bank,
role in --- —------------------- 414
United States
Exchange programs --- —-------- 628
Foreign relations --- —---- 173,626, 944
Nongovernmental volunteer programs ---------------------- 64
Latin American Advancement, Labor
Council for --- —----------------- 857
Latin American Citizens, League of
United ------------------------- 563
Laurence, Margaret Muth -- _ --- — 237, 268
Lautenberg, Frank R --- —----------- 822
Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 4733) -------- 457
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ------------------ 154,288,293
Law enforcement and crime
Federal criminal code --- —--------- 156
Institutionalized persons civil rights-_ 965
State attorneys general, district attorneys, and police chiefs, White House
reception --------------------- 412
Lawrence, Jacob --- —--------------- 602
Lawson, Louise Quarles --- —--------- 305
Leadership Conference on Civil Rights — 221,
720
League of Women Voters --- —----- 589, 828
Learning Day, Salute to --- —--------- 841
Leather wearing apparel industry — 531, 532
Lebanon, Palestinian terrorists --- —--- 390
Lee, Eugene H --- —---------------- 927
Lee, Robert E --- —----------------- 864
Leffall, Lasalle D., Jr --- —----------- 911
Lehman, Repr. William --- —--------- 823
Leith, Emmett N --- —------------- 82n.
LeMelle, Wilbert John --- —---------- 355
Lemmond, William Park, Jr --- —----- 757
Lenihan, Brian --- —--------------- 500
Leone, Antoinette L --- —------------ 814
Lerman, Miles --- —------------ 822
Lerner, Gerda --- —------------ 412
Lerner, Mr. and Mrs. Louis --- —------ 333
Lesotho, Ambassador to U.S --- —----- 775
Letters, Messages, Telegrams
See also Congress, Communications to
Anhydrous ammonia industry, letter to
United States International Trade
Commission Chairman --- —------ 102
Dominican Embassy in Bogota, Colombia, release of hostages
Letter to Colombian President ---- 780
Letter to U.S. Ambassador --- —--- 781
Federal Trade Commission reauthorization legislation, letter to Commissioners and staff --- —------- 815
Iran, rescue attempt of American hostages, memorial service message for
eight servicemen --- —----------- 779
King, Martin Luther, Jr., birthday
message -------------------- 61
National Afro-American (Black) History month, message --- —-------- 85
National Brotherhood Week, message- 343
National Nursing Home Week, message ----------------------- 604
A-38
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Letters, Messages, Telegrams-Continued
Olympics, 1980 Summer, U.S. Olympic Committee President
Letter ------------------------ 106
Mailgram --------------------- 616
Resignations and retirements, State,
Secretary of, exchange of letters —_ 781
Levin, Betsy --- —------------------- 315
Levin, Sen. Carl
Frances Perkins Building dedication
ceremony attendance --- —------- 631n.
Legislation passage leadership
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee Act of 1979 --- —------- 27, 30
Michigan army missile plant conveyance ---------------- 769, 770
Levitt, Arthur, Jr ----- 64, 68, 916,919,920
Levy, Elizabeth A --- —-------------- 926
Lewis, Capt. Harold --- —--- 780n., 849, 864
Lewis, Helen A --- —---------------- 19
Lewis, Samuel W --- —-------------- 930
Liberia
Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 268
President William R. Tolbert, Jr _-. 373
Liberian Relations, President's Commission on United States --- —- 372, 373, 508
Lin, Jun-Ching --- —---------------- 927
Linakis, Yorka C --- —-------------- 218
Lincoln, Abraham ------------- 851,890
Lindley, Elizabeth A --- —----------- 926
Linowitz, Sol M. See Presidential Commission on World Hunger, Chairman;
Middle East, Egyptian-Israeli peace
negotiations, Personal Representative
of the President
Lippmann, Walter --- —-------- 200
List, Gov. Robert --- —--- 303, 422, 606, 904
Litt, David G --- —----------------- 928
Littell, Franklin --- —--------------- 822
Loff, Deborah --- —----------------- 291
Loncar, Budimir --- —--------------- 892
Long, Sen. Russell B --- —- 542, 584, 585, 588
Long Island Rail Road --- —-- 103, 104, 668
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt --- —------ 362
Lopez, Franklin Delano --- —--------- 305
L6pez Portillo, Jose --- —------------- 407
Loren, Sophia --- —----------------- 267
Louisiana
Disaster declaration --- —---- 65, 773, 967
U.S. district judge --- —----------- 608
Louisville University basketball team_ — 607
Love Canal, Niagara Falls, N.Y --- —-- 158,
352, 967
Low, Harry W --- —---------------- 757
Low-Emission Vehicle Certification
Board -------------------------- 483
Low-income persons. See Disadvantaged
persons
Lowen, Robert J --- —----------- 509
Lowenstein, Allard K --- —----------- 495
Loy, Frank E --- —----------------- 217
Loyalty Day (Proc. 4734) --- —------ 457
Lubbers, William A --- —--------- 217, 218
Lucas, William S --- —-------------- 926
Ludsin, Steven --- —---------------- 822
Lugar, Sen. Richard G --- —--------- 31
Lukash, Rear Adm. William M --- —--- 104
Lung, Heart, and Blood Institute, National ------------------------- 190
Luns, Joseph M. A. H --- —---------- 892
Lynn, Loretta --- —----------------- 850
MacDonald, Peter --- —-------------- 303
Macy, John W., Jr --- —------------- 950
Maddox, Lester G --- —------------ 828
Magistrates Act of 1979, Federal_ ----_ 303
Magnuson, Anna --- —-------------- 928
Magnuson, Catherine J --- —------ 928
Magnuson, Sen. Warren G --- —-- 778n., 960
Mahre, Phil --- —------------------- 380
Maine
Democratic Party caucuses --- —----- 295
Potato growers, task force to consider
Federal policies affecting --- —---- 608
U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 375
Malaysia, natural rubber trade --- —--- 592
Malmquist, Walter --- —------------- 380
Malta, income tax treaty with U.S —. 756
Management and Budget, Office of
Deputy Director --- —--- 292, 293, 607, 774
Employee Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974, report preparation —. 295
Executive Associate Director --- —--- 25
Federal facility ridesharing program — 271
Federal Procurement Policy, Administrator for --- —------------- 371, 375
Federal procurement policy monitoring ------------------- -- 73
1981 budget revisions role --- —----- 569
Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 394
President's Reorganization Project_ — 483
Radiation effects review --- —------- 364
Management and Budget, Office of,
Director (James T. McIntyre, Jr.)
For functions of the Office in general,
see Management and Budget, Office
of
Budget 1981 preparation --- —------ 225,
226, 569, 608
Education Department establishment,
transfer functions -------------- 819
Federal civilian and military pay rates
recommendations --- —---------- 468
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24,
63, 103, 268, 374, 422, 423, 492, 563,
607, 774, 825, 892, 966
News conferences (Checklist) --- —- 25, 64
Radiation Policy Council, activities
appraisal ---------------------- 363
Trade policy functions --- —------ 6-8, 11
Management Improvement Awards,
Presidential -------------------- 18, 19
A-39
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Manatos, Michael --- —-------------- 218
Manley, Joan D --- —--------------- 272
Manufacturers, National Association of- 292
Marane, A. Russell --- —--------- 752, 775
March of Dimes --- —-------------- 645
Marcos, Ferdinand E --- —----------- 720
Mareschalchi, Antonello --- —-------- 682n.
Mariana Islands, Northern.. --- —. 317, 365
Mariana Islands Commission on Federal
Laws, Northern --- —---------- 343, 930
Marine Corps, United States ---. 350, 780n.
Marine Corps Memorial Commission,
United States --- —--------------- 483
Maritime Consultative Organization
Convention, Intergovernmental --- —- 945
Maritime Day, National --- —--------- 469
Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, International Convention on --- —---- 946
Mark, Herman F --- —-------------- 82n.
Marmor, Theodore --- —------------- 264
Marshall, Ray. See Labor, Secretary of
Marshall Islands, Northern --- —------ 466
Martens, Patricia --- —-------------- 19
Marthinsen, Charles E --- —------- 718, 720
Martin, Arthur E --- —-------------- 19
Martin, Edwin W., Jr --- —-------- 759, 841
Martin, John S., Jr --- —---------- 523, 564
Martin, Louis E --- —--------------- 908
Martinez, Elena -------------------- 814
Marty, Martin --- —----------------- 264
Martz, Clyde 0 --- —------------ 718, 775
Maryland
Administration anti-inflation briefing
for black ministers (Digest) --- —- 825
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 934
Metrorail system --- —------------ 14, 18
U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 269
Mason, Christopher T --- —---------- 926
Mass transit
District of Columbia metro system — 13, 17
Handicapped persons programs --- —- 810
Mention ------------------------ 555
National system improvement
Energy security trust fund allocations -------- 14, 227, 251, 470, 585
Federal assistance increase_ --- 215, 909
Philadelphia, Pa., system, Federal
grants for --- —----------------- 726
Massachusetts, Democratic Party primary ------------------------ 399, 428
Massachusetts Institute of Technology — 664
Matheson, Gov. Scott --- —----------- 422
Mathias, Sen. Charles McC., Jr --- —-- 15
Matsui, Repr. Robert T --- —--------- 962
Matsunaga, Sen. Spark M.. --- —- 318, 962
Matthews, Martha A --- —----------- 926
Mauksch, Ingeborg G --- —---------- 822
Mauritius, U.S. Ambassador__ --- — 364, 375
Mayaguez, SS, incident --- —--------- 744
Mayo, Sgt. Joel C --- —--------- 780n., 864
Mayors, United States Conference on_ — 212
Mazewski, Aloysius --- —------------- 822
Mbogua, John P --- —--------------- 355
McBride, Gerald_ --- —------------- 521
McCarthy, Eugene J --- —----- 732, 738
McClelland, Col. Lester C --- —------- 654
McClure, Sen. James A --- —--------- 318
McConnell, Barnett W --- —--------- 19
McCormack, John --- —------------- 501
McCullough, Veronica J --- —----- 928
McDade, Clinton L --- —------------ 926
McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr.
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 268,
292,374, 423, 492, 607, 824
Multilateral trade negotiations role — 6
McFadden, Frank H., Jr --- —-------- 926
McGee, James H --- —------------- 509
McGee, Thomas --- —--------------- 292
McGiffert, David ---------------- 267
McGranahan, LeAnn J --- —------ 509
McGrath, C. Peter --- —------------- 323
McGuire, Alfred J --- —-- --- 260, 262
McHenry, Donald F --- —----- 224, 861, 966
McIntosh, Capt. Lynn D --- —---- 780n., 864
McIntyre, James T., Jr. See Management
and Budget, Office of, Director
McIntyre, Maureen --- —---------- 273
McKay, Repr. Gunn --- —------------ 422
McKelvey, Jean T --- —------------- 84
McKenna, Margaret --- —----------- 493
McKeown, Mary Margaret --- —----- 949
McKhann, Guy M --- —----------- 192
McKinley, Francis --- —------------- 849
McKinney, Robert H --- —----------- 912
McKinney, Repr. Stewart B --- —------ 31
McLernon, James --- —----------- 770, 771
McMillan, Capt. Charles T., II —_ 780n., 864
McMullen, William Patrick, Jr --- —--- 218
McNeil, Francis J --- —-------- 900, 932
McNichols, William H --- —---------- 808
McPhedran, Winifred --- —---------- 258
McPhetres, Agnes Manglona --- —----- 344
Meadows, Marion E --- —------------ 19
Meals on Wheels, 1981 budget allocations ------------ 536, 540 806, 835, 887
Meany, George --- —------- 56, 67, 103, 222
Meat industry --- —----------------- 10
Medal of Freedom, Presidential --- —--- 751
Medal of Science, National --- —------ 80
Mediation Board, Nationil.. --- —. 103, 667
Medic Alert Week, National --- —----- 514
Medical Center, National Naval --- —-- 104
Medical Science program, Japan-U.S.
Cooperative -------------------- 493
Medicare ------------------ 535, 540, 555
Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral
Research, President's Commission for
the Study of Ethical Problems in --- 896
Meed, Benjamin --- —--------------- 822
"Meet the Press" --- —-------------- 107
Meetings with foreign leaders
Australia, Prime Minister J. Malcolm
Fraser ------------------------ 259
Belgium, King Baudouin I and Queen
Fabiola ----------------------- 757
A-40
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Meetings with foreign leaders-Continued
Bermuda, Prime Minister John David
Gibbons ---------------------- 932
Egypt, President Anwar al-Sadat --- 623
European Parliament, President
Simone Veil --- —-------------- 238
Germany, Federal Republic of
Bavarian Minister President Franz
Josef Strauss --- —------------ 470
Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ------ 435,
438, 441
Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich
Genscher ------------------- 189
Honduras, President Policarpo Paz
Garcia ----------------------- 426
Israel, Prime Minister Menahem
Begin ----------------- 686, 694, 700
Italy, Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga -------------------------- 210
Kenya, President Daniel T. arap MoiL 352,
354, 357
Senegal, President Leopold Sedar
Senghor ---------------------- 653
Spain
King Juan Carlos I --- —-------- 334
Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez --- — 82
Memorandums to Federal Agencies
Iran, diplomatic relations with --- —- 612
Leather wearing apparel industry. ---. 531
National Volunteer Week --- —----- 695
Olympics, 1980 Summer --- —------ 559
Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry — 3
Presidential Management Improvement Awards --- —-------------- 18
Procurement policy --- —----------- 72
Red Cross Month --- —------------ 193
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Agricultural commodities shipment
termination ----------------- 32
Technology and other strategic items
exports --------------------- 43
Youth summer employment program- 815
Memorial Day --- —----------------- 813
Mental Health, President's Commission
on -------------------------- 784,811
Mental Health Association, National --- 785
Mental Health Month --- —---------- 784
Mental health systems act, proposed- 118, 811
Mental Retardation, President's Committee on --- —---------------- 192,217
Merchant Marine, United States --- —-- 469
Merit Systems Protection Board --- —-- 62,
374, 567, 617
Metal industry representatives, meeting
with the President (Digest) --------- 775
Methodist Conference, United --- —--- 774
Methodist Episcopal Church, Christian- 775
Metric Board, United States --- —- 940, 967
Metrinko, Mr. and Mrs. Harry --- —-- 606
Metrinko, Michael J --- —--------- 606
Metzenbaum, Sen. Howard M --- —--- 303
Mexico
Armed Forces physical fitness requirements ------------------------ 262
President Jose Lopez Portillo --- —--- 407
Science and technology cooperation
with U.S --- —----------------- 407
U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 434, 452, 755
U.S. grain sales --- —-------------- 392
Mexico-United States Interparliamentary Conference --- —-------------- 892
Meyer, Jennifer L ----------------- 927
Miami, Fla --- —-------- 850, 913, 915, 916
Michael, James Harry, Jr --- —------- 654
Michelson, Gertrude G --- —-------- 305
Michigan
Army missile plant legislation. ---. 769, 776
Disaster declaration --- —---------- 932
State Senate leader, meeting with the
President (Digest) --- —--------- 775
U.S. district judge --- —----------- 968
Micronesia, Federated States of —.. 373, 467
Middle East
Comprehensive peace negotiations --- 338,
345, 878
Egyptian-Israeli peace negotiations
Administration advisers, meeting
with the President (Digest) ---- 930
International support --- —------- 440
Jerusalem, status of --- —--------- 487
Mentions -------------------— _ 91,
579, 622, 623, 648, 659, 702, 807, 896
Personal Representative of the President (Sol M. Linowitz)
Meetings with the President (Digest) ------------------ 293, 930
West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements, autonomy negotiations- 378,
459,527,861,870,906
U.S. role --- —----------- 673, 869, 870
West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements autonomy
Camp David accords goals --- —- 197,
378,427, 618, 679, 680, 714
Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin, discussions with the President --- 511,
521, 527, 679, 908
Mentions --------------- 797, 861
Middle East security, crucial to- 486,
511, 876
Self-governing transition period
proposal --------------- 460, 526
Senior Adviser to the U.S. Representative ---------------- 720
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty
Camp David accords implementation ------------------------ 211,
337, 541, 618, 632, 687, 700, 879
First anniversary, White House reception --------------------- 525
Mentions ---------- 89, 109, 116, 459
A-41
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Middle East-Continued
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty-Continued
U.S. economic assistance for implementation ------------------ 943
U.S. monitoring responsibilities. --- 697
Persian Gulf area. See Persian Gulf
area
U.S. military presence --- —-------- 241
U.S. relations --- —----------- 170, 171
Mikva, Abner, J --- —--------------- 45
Military, U.S. See Armed Forces, U.S.
Military Appeals, United States Court
of ----------------------------- 317
Military Selective Service Act of 1967
amendments ------------------— __ 339
Miller, Col. F. Donald --- —---------- 104
Miller, G. William. See Treasury, Secretary of the
Miller, Paul G --- —----------------- 305
Miller, William --- —--------------- 264
Mills, James R --- —---------------- 296
Mindlin, Raymond D --- —----------- 82n.
Mines and mining, Federal health and
safety activities report --- —-------- 564
Mineta, Repr. Norman Y --- —-------- 962
Mining Control and Reclamation Act of
1977, Surface --- —--------------- 416
Minnesota, U.S. attorney --- —-------- 25
Minorities
See also specific group
Affirmative action programs --- —--- 115
Economic recession, impact on --- —- 798
Employment ------------------ 805, 878
Federal programs --- —--------- 489, 886
Procurement policy --- —----------- 72
Small business enterprises-. --- 70, 76, 127
Minority business development agency,
proposed ------------------------ 77
Minority Business Enterprise, Interagency Council for --- —----------- 76
Minority Business Ownership, Advisory
Commitee on Small and --- —---- 262, 305
Mint, Bureau of the --- —------------ 483
Minter, Steven Alan --- —--------- 426, 522
Minter, Thomas Kendall.. ---- 426, 608, 841
Mississippi, disaster declaration --- —--- 774
Missouri
Disaster declaration --- —-------— _ 931
U.S. district judge --- —----------- 608
White House briefing for community
and civic leaders (Digest) --- —--- 719
Mitchell, Clarence M., Jr --- —----- 222, 752
Mitchell, Sen. George --- —---------- 966
Mize, Dwight W --- —--------------- 272
Mobil Oil Corp --- —----- 552, 581, 707, 776
Moi, Daniel T. arap-_ 334, 335, 352, 354, 357
Momjian, Set --- —----------------- 822
Mondale, Joan --- —------------- 397,754
Mondale, Walter F. See Vice President
Monetary Fund, International_ ---- 175, 942
Monroe, Bill ---- -------------- 107
Montana, Mount St. Helens eruptions,
areas damaged by --- —------------ 957
Moore, Frank B., meetings with the President (Digest) -------------------- 24,
25, 63, 64, 103, 217, 267, 268, 291 -293, 333, 334, 374, 422, 423, 451, 452,
492, 493, 521, 563, 607, 719, 720, 774,
775, 824, 825, 892, 893, 931, 932, 966,
967
Moore, Kathleen A --- —------------ 926
Moorhead, Repr. William S --- —- 24, 27, 29
Moose, Richard --- —--------------- 719
Morales, Jimmy L --- —-------------- 926
Morales, Lupe --- —------------- 534, 537
Moran, David A --- —--------------- 928
More, Sir Thomas --- —-------------- 207
Morial, Ernest --- —------ ------- 303
Moro, Aldo --- —----------------- 208
Morocco, U.S. relations --- —--------- 173
Morrison, Alan --- —---------------- 264
Morse, Phoebe Diane --- —----------- 949
Mortgage Association, Federal Home
Loan ------------------------- 138
Mortgage Association, Federal National- 911
Mortgage Association, Government National -------------------------- 138
Mortola, Edward J --- —---------- 845
Moses, Alfred H --- —--------------- 651
Moslem nations. See Islamic nations
Moss, Ambler H., Jr --- —------------ 34
Moss, Eunice Lockhart --- —---------- 509
Mother's Day (Proc. 4743) ----------- 583
Motley, Archibald, Jr --- —----------- 602
Mott, Lucretia --- —---------------- 412
Mount St. Helens, Wash., eruption
Disaster declaration (Digest) --- —-- 967
President's inspection tour
Portland, Oreg --- —------------ 950
Spokane, Wash --- —------------ 956
Vancouver, Wash --- —---------- 967
Mubarak, Muhammad Husni-__ 99, 905, 967
Mueller, Leah Poulos --- —----------- 380
Mugabe, Michael_ --- —------------ 807
Multilateral development banks --- —-- 942
Multilateral trade agreements
Customs Valuation Agreement amendment ------------------------ 95
Mention ------------------------ 322
Purposes of agreements --- 126, 175, 254
Steel imports antidumping claims ---. 902
Multilateral trade negotiations (MTN)
Progress during administration --- —- 126,
254, 400
Strauss, Robert, role in completion of
Tokyo Round --- —------------- 6, 175
Multiple Sclerosis Society --- —------- 893
Mufioz Marin, Gov. Luis --- —-------- 808
Murdoch, Rupert --- —-------------- 731
Murelaga, Diana S --- —------------- 927
Murphy, Repr. Austin J --- —--------- 369
Murphy, Repr. John M --- —--------- 318
Murphy, Thomas A --- —------------ 902
Murphy, Thomas F --- —------------ 95
Murphy Oil Co --- —---------------- 581
A-42
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Murray, Robert J --- —------------ 98
Muscular Dystrophy Association --- —- 492
Muskie, Edmund S. See State, Secretary
of
Mutual and balanced force reductions — 440
MX missile --- —---------------- 348, 901
Nakayama, Tosiwo --- —---------- 373
Nam, Byung H --- —---------------- 774
Naples, Samuel F --- —----------- 423, 424
National Academy of Sciences --- —--- 473
National Advisory Council on Adult Education ---------------------- 267, 844
National Advisory Council on Economic
Opportunity --------------------- 274
National Advisory Council on the Education of Disadvantaged Children --- —- 257
National Advisory Council on Indian Education -----------------------— 849
National Advisory Council on Women's
Educational Programs --- —--------- 508
National Aeronautics and Space Administration ------------------------- 563
National Afro-American (Black) History Month --- —----------------- 84
National Agenda for the Eighties, President's Commission for a ---__ —_ ---- 263
National Alcohol Fuels Commission_ 235, 899
National Alliance of Business --- —----- 422
National Alliance for the Prevention and
Treatment of Child Abuse and Maltreatment ----------------------- 267
National Association of Manufacturers_- 292
National Association of State Departments of Agriculture --- —--------- 492
National Audubon Society --- —------- 415
National Basketball Association --- —--- 268
National Bicycling Day (Proc. 4741) —_ 562
National Black Caucus of State Legislators ---------------------------- 333
National Broadcasting Company ---- 34, 561
National Brotherhood Week --- —------ 343
National Bureau of Standards --- —---- 483
National Business League --- —-------- 63
National Cancer Advisory Board --- —- 911
National Capital Transportation Amendments of 1979 --- —-------------- 13, 17
National Captioning Institute --- —---- 811
National Cattlemen's Association --- —-- 521
National Citizens' Coalition for Windfall Profits Tax --- —--------------- 586
National Commission on Air Quality --- 508
National Commission on the International Year of the Child, 1979 --- —----- 752
National Conference of Artists --- —---- 600
National Conference of Black Mayors — 720
National Conference of Christians and
Jews --------------------------- 343
National Conference on Physical Fitness
and Sports for All --- —------------ 259
National Conference of State Legislatures --------------------------- 552
National Consumer Cooperative Bank
Board of Directors, members --- —--- 605,
608, 844, 893
Budget allocations --- —----------- 146
National Consumer Education Week
(Proc. 4746) --- —---------------- 621
National Council on the Arts_ — 237, 268, 452
National Council on Educational Research ---------------- 96, 218, 508, 522
National Council on the Handicapped_ 810,
812, 826
National Council on the Humanities- 264, 269
National Cystic Fibrosis Poster Child-_ 720
National Defense Transportation Day
and National Transportation Week
(Proc. 4737) --- —--------- 506, 783, 930
National Endowment for the Arts — 452, 601
National Endowment for the Humanities- 521,
774
National Energy Conservation Days
(Proc. 4753) --- —---------------- 783
National Energy Education Day (Proc.
4738) ----------------------- 509,510
National Environmental Policy Act of
1970 ------------------------ 351,415
National Farm Safety Week (Proc.
4749) ---- ----------------- 683
National Forest System --- —---------- 159
National Foundation on the Arts and
Humanities --------------------- 754
National 4-H Club ----------------- 701
National Gallery of Art --- —--------- 340
National Goodwill Graduate of 1980_ — 893
National Governors' Association --- —-- 397
National Gypsum Co --- —------------ 581
National Health Service Corp --------- 909
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute --------------------------- 190
National heritage policy act, proposed — 418
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ------------------------ 281
National Institute of Building Sciences- 422,
533, 564
National Institute of Education_ 651, 825, 949
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health --- —----------- 395
National Institutes of Health --- —-- 955, 956
National Inventors' Day (Proc. 4721) — 273
National Labor Relations Board ---- 217, 218
National League of Cities --- —- 103, 495, 523
National Main Street Center --- —---- 932
National Maritime Day (Proc. 4736) —_ 469
National Medal of Science --- —------- 80
National Mediation Board --- —---- 103, 667
National Medic Alert Week (Proc.
4739) -------------------------- 514
National Mental Health Association ---- 785
National Mortgage Association, Federal- 911
National Mortgage Association, Government --------------------------- 138
National Naval Medical Center --- —--- 10.4
National Nursing Home Week --- —---- 604
A-43
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration --------------- 352, 415
National Park Service --- —--- 951,953, 958
National Park System --- —----------- 433
National Parks and Recreation Act of
1978 --------------------------- 416
National Parks and Recreation Act of
1978 amendments --- —------------ 432
National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska ---- 63
National Poison Prevention Week (Proc.
4719) -------------------------- 238
National prayer breakfast --- —-------- 275
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) -------------------- 296
National Recreation and Parks Week
(Proc. 4760) --- —---------------- 936
National Religious Broadcasters --- —- 180
National Science Foundation --- —--- 77, 363
National Security Council
Iran, American hostages in, consultations with the President --- —----- 577
Meeting with the President (Digest)- 607
State Department, relationship with — 797,
877, 881
National Space Club --- —---------- 563
National Transportation Safety Board- 493
National Transportation Week (Proc.
4753) ----------------------- 783,930
National Urban Coalition --- —------- 563
National Volunteer Week --- —------ 695
National Wild and Scenic Rivers System- 323,
433
National Women's History Week --- —- 412
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Natural gas
Commercial exploration in Alaska_ 233, 234
Drilling equipment export suspension
to Soviet Union --- —---------- 41
Increased domestic production —_ 480, 889
Price decontrol --- —------ 92, 250, 762
Utility companies use reduction__ 448, 472
Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968- 291
Natural Gas Transportation System,
Alaska -------------------------- 617
Natural resources, administration's goals
and accomplishments --- —--------- 157
Natural Rubber Agreement, 1979, International ------------------------ 591
Nava, Julian --- —----------- 434, 452, 755
Naval Academy, United States_ ---- 769, 875
Naval Medical Center, National --- —- 104
Navy, Department of the, Under Secretary -------------------------- 98,218
Navy, United States. See United States
Navy
NBC. See National Broadcasting Company
Ndegwa, Philip --- —---------------- 355
Nebraska
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 934
U.S. marshal --- —---------------- 775
Nederlander, Robert E --- —------ 508, 522
Nedzi, Repr. Lucien N --- —------- 769, 771
Neel, Frank H_ --- —---------------- 296
Negro College Fund, United --- —----- 53
Neighborhoods, Federal assistance efforts --------------------------- 650
Nelson, Sen. Gaylord --- —------ 68, 74, 917
Nepal
U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 843,893
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 172
Neugarten, Bernice L --- —------- 534, 537
Nevada, MX missile site --- —-------- 901
New Community Development Corporation ------------------------- 752, 775
New England Fuel Institute --- —------ 292
New Hampshire
Democratic Party primary --- —----- 399
White House briefing for civic and
community leaders --- —--------- 334
New York
Democratic Party primary_ — 534, 538, 564
Disaster declaration --- —---------- 967
Labor leaders, meeting with the President (Digest) ----------------- 451
U.S. attorney --- —------------ 523,564
White House briefing for civic and
community leaders --- —--------- 458
New York, Public Employees Federation
of ----------------------------- 374
New Zealand
Deputy Prime Minister --- —------- 422
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169
Newport News, Va --- —------------- 500
News Conferences
February 13 (No. 54) --- —-------- 307
March 14 (No. 55) --- —---------- 484
April 17 (No. 56) ----------------- 704
April 29 (No. 57) --- —----------- 792
News media
Influence on American society --- —-- 896
Interviews with the President. See Interviews with the news media under
Addresses and Remarks
Newsom, David D --- —------------- 891
Newspaper Editors, American Society
of ------------------------------ 631
Newspaper Publishers Association, American --------------------------- 720
Niceville, Fla --- —------------- 780n.
Niederlehner, Leonard --- —---------- 87
Nies, Helen Wilson --- —---------- 866, 894
Nigeria
Soviet relations --- —-------------- 807
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 891
Nimetz, Matthew_ --- —------------- 219
Nimitz, U.S.S --- —----------------- 882
1936 Summer Olympics --- —---- 518, 635
1959 Geneva Radio Regulations --- —-- 225
1980 Presidential campaign. See Elections, 1980
1980 Savings Bond Campaign --- —--- 653
1980 Summer Olympics. See Olympics,
1980 Summer
A-44
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
1980 Winter Olympics. See Olympics,
1980 Winter
Nissan Motor Co --- —--------------- 706
Nixon, John T --- —------------ 423, 424
Nixon, Richard M --- —-------------- 738
Njonjo, Charles --- —--------------- 355
Noble, Carol --- —------------------ 703n.
Noll, Roger --- —------------------- 264
Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference --------------------------- 930
Nonrubber footwear industry --- —----- 420
Norris, John M --- —---------------- 928
Norris, William Albert --- —---------- 423
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society, Alternate U.S. Representative --------------------— 493
Coordinating Committee (COCOM) - 43
Creation, purposes of --- —--------- 195
Defense spending --- —------------- 168,
348, 673, 712
Greek Armed Forces reintegration_ — 169,
383
Italian support --- —-------------- 210
Long-Term Defense Program --- — 168, 439
Mentions ---------- 338, 642, 758
Military capabilities improvement. — 806,
807, 869
Nuclear weapons deployment modernization ----------------------- 109,
168, 197, 211, 348, 440, 442, 673
Secretary-General ---------------- 892
Troop strength --- —---------— _- 660
Turkish economic strengthening actions -------------------- 169
United States
Military assistance --- —--------- 91,
109, 116, 166, 248, 345, 477, 672
Role of --- —------------------- 712
West German support --- —--------- 437
North Carolina, U.S. district judges- 654, 720
North Country National Scenic Trail_- 432
Northern Mariana Islands
U.S. laws application --- —-------- 365
U.S. policy --- —----------------- - 317
Northern Mariana Islands Commission
on Federal Laws --- —---------- 343, 930
Northern Marshall Islands, health care
and environmental benefits monitoring --- —------------------------ 466
Northern Tier Pipeline Co --- —------- 99
Northwest Energy Co --- —----------- 100
Norton, Eleanor Holmes --- —-------- 223
Norway, U.S. Ambassador --- —------- 333
Noyce, Robert N --- —-------------- 82n.
Nuclear energy
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 131
Canada, agreement with U.S --- —--- 782
European Atomic Energy CommunityU.S. cooperation (EO 12193) --- 304
Exports ---------------------- 286, 403
Fusion research --- —-------------- 664
Nuclear energy-Continued
Industry shutdown, possibility of --- — 582
Legislation --- —----------------- 418
Nonproliferation activities, Federal- 403
Physical protection in international
transport --------------------— 867
Powerplants -------------- 118, 544, 744
Production --- —----------------- 440
Radiation protection program --- —-- 364
Waste disposal. See Nuclear waste disposal
Weapons. See Nuclear weapons
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation, International ------------------- 286, 403
Nuclear Material, Convention on the
Physical Protection of --- —------ 434, 867
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978_- 403
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Chairman ------------------- 301, 504
Export licensing --- —------------ 403
International agreement recommendation ------------------------ 782
International Atomic Energy AgencyU.S. agreement --- —------------ 266
Radiation Policy Council membership- 363
Reorganization
Amendment to Plan No. 1 --- —--- 836
Congressional consideration --- 617, 744
Plan No. 1 of 1980 --- —------ 543, 564
President's commitment to submit
plan ---------- 116, 118, 131,149
Safety responsibilities --- —-------- 504
Waste disposal sites approval. ---- 240, 300
Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee
(EO 12202) --- —------------ 504, 849
Nuclear waste disposal
Federal management program_ — 296, 335
International safety efforts --- —----- 404
Legislation --- —------ 116, 119, 158, 240
State Planning Council on Radioactive
Waste Management, establishment- 301
Nuclear weapons
See also Strategic arms limitation
Control and disarmament —_ 178, 442, 451
U.S. exports --- —--------------- 401
Nuclear Weapons, Treaty on the NonProliferation of --- —----------- 403, 433
Nunn, Sen. Sam --- —--------------- 893
Nursing Home Week, National --- —--- 604
Nyachae, Simon --- —--------------- 355
Obey, Repr. David R --- —----------- 857
Occupational Safety and Health, Federal
Advisory Council on --- —------- 395, 396
Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute for --- —---------- 395
Occupational Safety and Health Administration ------------------- 59, 70, 281
Ocean margin drilling program --- —--- 269
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National --- —----------- 352, 415
Ochoa, Severo --- —----------------- 82n.
O'Connor, Edwin --- —---------- 502
O'Connor, Flannery --- —------------ 502
A-45
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Office. See other part of title
O'Grady, Col. Lawrence R --- —------ 374
O'Hara, Clifford B --- —------------- 33
Ohio
Farm bureau presidents, meeting with
the President (Digest) --- —------ 493
U.S. district judges --- —---- 564, 654, 720
Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation
Commission --------------------- 654
Ohira, Masayoshi. See Japan, Prime
Minister
Oil
See also Fuel companies; OPEC
Imports. See Oil imports
Marginal wells decontrol --- —------ 696
Prices. See Oil prices
Production ------------ 50, 233, 368, 480
Research and development --- —----- 233
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, threat
to Middle East supplies --- —----- 26,
35, 108, 111, 183, 197
U.S. drilling equipment exports suspension to Soviet Union --- —----- 41
Utility companies use reduction --- — 116,
117, 129,448,472
Waste disposal --- —----------- 119, 158
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system ---------------------- 99, 104
Oil companies. See Fuel companies
Oil imports
See also OPEC
Adjustment program --- —--------- 592,
657, 760
Federal control, possibility of --- —-- 889
Gasoline conservation fee. See under
Gasoline
Reduction
International Energy Agency's support ------------------------ 251
Mention ---------------------- 626
National quotas --- —----------- 199,
251, 369, 480, 512, 540, 846
Relationship with:
Gasoline conservation fee --- —-- 943
National energy policy --- —---- 70,
75, 121, 128, 242, 251, 279, 314, 367,
461, 480, 499, 509, 512, 829, 846, 875
Statistics for 1979 and 1980 --- —- 71,
92, 829, 875,918
U.S. efforts for international cooperation ----------------------- 640
Relationship with:
Employment ------------------ 71,
580, 787, 830, 846, 860
Inflation ---------------------- 58,
71, 75, 89, 110, 199, 245, 246, 280,
338, 399, 461,472, 476, 480, 487, 496,
553,580, 665, 685, 735, 787, 801, 829,
846, 859, 919
Trade balance --- —------------- 126
Oil Pipeline Corporation, Trans Mountain ---------------------------- 99
Oil Policy Committee --- —----------- 10
Oil prices
See also OPEC
Decontrol
Crude --------- 128, 233, 250, 470, 762
Heavy crude --- —------------ 96, 233
Federal controls, President's opposition
to -------------------- 314, 417, 583
Future prices, President's assessment- 314,
369
Past increases percentage --- —------ 553,
639, 846
Wage and price spiral acceleration,
relationship with --- —---- 120, 245, 280
West German Chancellor Schmidt, review of increases with the President ------------------------- 440
Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act, Crude. See
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act
Okawara, Yoshio ------------------ 775
Okita, Saburo --- —----------------- 522
Oklahoma, Democratic Party caucuses — 461
Okun, Arthur --- —----------------- 533
Older Americans Act --- —----------- 620
Older Americans Month (Proc. 4745) -_ 620
Older persons
Administration's goals. and accomplishments --------------------- 141, 620
Federal budget allocations --- —----- 767
White House Conference on Aging,
reception remarks --- —---------- 534
Olivarez, Graciela --- —------------- 281
Olson, William C --- —------------- 928
Olympic Committee, International. See
International Olympic Committee
Olympic Committee, United States. See
United States Olympic Committee
Olympic Organizing Committee, Lake
Placid -------------------------- 268
Olympics, 1936 Summer --- —----- 518, 635
Olympics, 1980 Summer
International boycott
African leaders, consultations with
Muhammad Ali --- —--------- 333
France ----------------------- 676
Germany, Federal Republic of --- — 439,
470, 712, 920
Kenya --------------------- 353, 358
Soviet people, impact on --- —---- 747
United Kingdom --- —------ 676, 677
U.S. efforts to secure --- —----- 704, 796
International Olympic Committee
Decision to keep games in Moscow- 305
President Killanin, meeting with the
President ------------------- 929
Permanent site in Greece, possibility
of -------------------- 107, 108, 383
U.S. boycott
Administration officials, meeting
with U.S. Olympic Committee
executives (Digest) ----------- 104
Alternative games, possibility of --- 108,
260, 380, 388
Mention ---------------------- 889
A-46
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Olympics, 1980 Summer-Continued
U.S. boycott-Continued
News conference (Checklist) ------ 219
Olympic athletes' support --- —--- 388
President's comments --- —----— __ 23,
107, 196, 259, 311, 312, 346, 635, 663,
675, 747
Prohibition on Olympic-related exports to Soviet Union_ — 559, 560, 565
U.S. Olympic Committee
Communications to President
Kane ----------------- 106,616
House of Delegates vote of support --------------------- 668
Vice President's address to U.S.
Olympic Committee House of
Delegates, announcement (Digest) ----------------------- 653
White House briefing for U.S. team
representatives --------------- 517
White House statement officially announcing withdrawal --- —----- 356
Olympics, 1980 Winter
Lake Placid Olympic Organizing
Committee, chairman --- —------- 268
Mentions --- —--------------- 260, 377
Olympic torch ceremony in Athens,
Greece, U.S. representatives announcement ------------------- 217
U.S. team, White House reception_ — 379
Olyphant, Pa --- —------------------ 606
Oman
Foreign Affairs Minister --- —------ 452
U.S. military bases --- —---------- 35, 391
O'Neill, Eugene --- —---------------- 502
O'Neill, Mildred --- —--------------- 500
O'Neill, Repr. Thomas P., Jr. See Speaker of the House of Representatives
Onek, Joseph --- —-------------- 104, 518
Onyonka, Zacharia T --- —----------- 355
OPEC
December, 1979, discussions in Caracas, Venezuela --- —----------- 570
Developing countries, energy production assistance --- —------------- 441
Mention ------------------------ 499
1973 embargo --- —-------------— __ 875
Price increases
Effect on:
Disadvantaged persons --- —---- 587
U.S. inflation rates --- —------- 58,
71, 75, 199, 250, 388, 713, 735, 743,
801
1979 increases --- —------------- 110,
120, 735, 801, 881,938
Relationship with:
U.S. wage and price structure_ — 280
Windfall profits tax --- —------- 128
Production increases to maintain stable
prices ------------------------ 943
World supplies percentage --- —----- 368,
461, 514, 847, 963
Operation of the Automotive Products
Trade Act of 1965 --- —----------- 653
Operation PUSH --- —-------------- 932
Opheim, Edwin 0 --- —----------- 813, 826
Oppedahl, David B --- —------------ 928
Order of the American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association --- —-- 381
Oregon
John Day River --- —------------- 323
Mount St. Helens eruption, areas
damaged by --- —----------- 950, 958
President's visit --- —-------------- 950
Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural
Area ------------------------- 433
Organization. See other part of title
Ortiz, Alba A --- —----------------- 192
Ouko, Robert J --- —-------------- 355
Outer continental shelf --- —--------- 233
Overseas Private Investment Corporation -------------------- 521, 605, 608
Owen, Henry D --- —------------ 219, 891
Owens, Jesse --- —--------------- 380, 574
Pacific American Heritage Week, Asian/
(Proc. 4727) --- —---------------- 405
Pacific Islands, Trust Territory of the-_ 301,
319, 466
Packwood, Sen. Robert. --- —- 461, 584, 694
Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza
Medical treatment in U.S --- —----- 112
Overthrow as Iranian leader --- —--- 741
U.S. support of regime --- —- 307, 341, 742
Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah Restoration
Act ---------------------------- 604
Pakistan
Afghan refugees migration_ — 256, 663, 964
Foreign affairs adviser Agha Shahi_ — 67
Foreign relations
India ------------------------- 330
United States --- —------------- 390
President Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq —_ 34, 40
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect
on ----------------------- 22, 184
U.S. military assistance --- —------ 24, 34,
91, 109, 119, 172, 198, 439
West German assistance --- —------- 439
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Arab countries endorsement --- —---- 879
European recognition --- —--------- 682
U.S. refusal to recognize --- —------ 379,
460, 527, 682, 688, 879
Palestinians
Camp David accords commitment to
self-determination -------------- 338,
526, 618, 682, 870,879
President's opposition to separate
state ------------------- 378, 390, 527
Soviet tanks delivery to terrorists ---. 390
West Bank and Gaza Strip settlements,
autonomy negotiations. See under
Middle East, Egyptian-Israeli peace
negotiations
Palmer, John L --- —--------------- 316
A-47
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Palmieri, Victor H. See State, Department of, Coordinator for Refugee Affairs
Pan American Day and Pan American
Week (Proc. 4732) ----------- - 455
Panama Canal, functions delegation_ — 537
Panama Canal Commission --- —------ 32
Panama Canal Consultative Committee- 33
Panama Canal Joint Commission on the
Environment -------------------- 34
Panama Canal treaties
Administration's accomplishment- 579, 870
Foreign relations with Latin America,
effect on --- —----------------- 870
Purposes ------------------------ 345
Pangelinan, Edward --- —------------ 344
Paperwork reduction
Employee Retirement Income Security
Act forms --- —----------------- 295
Federal GovernmentL --- —-- 75, 153, 215
Legislation -------------------- 78, 153
Park Service, National --- —--- 951, 953, 958
Park System, National --- —---------- 433
Parker, Dave --- — ------------- 291
Parker, Earl R ---- ------------ 82n.
Parker, Edna Gaynell --- —-------- 757, 775
Parks and Recreation Act of 1978, National --- —---------------------- 416
Parks and Recreation Act of 1978 amendments, National --- —-------------- 432
Parks Week, National Recreation and-_ 936
Partners of the Americas --- —-------- 628
Patel, Marilyn Hall --- —------------ 894
Patent Appeals, United States Court of
Customs and --- —------------- 866, 870
Patent system
American technology advancement,
role in --- —------------------- 273
Counsels for small and minority business -------------------------- 78
Law reform --- —----------------- 154
Patent and Trademark Office --- —---- 237
Paul, Alice --- —-------------------- 412
Paulucci, Jeno --- —----------------- 208
Pawlikowski, John T --- —----------- 822
Pay Advisory Committee --- —-------- 479
Paz Garcia, Policarpo --- —----------- 426
Peace, Food for --- —--------------- 257
Peace, President's commitment to --- —- 111,
195,344, 541,579, 632, 637,673,871,
941
Peace Corps
Director --------------------- 291, 774
1980 budget allocations --- —------- 942
Shriver, Sargent, role in --- —---- 464
Voluntary service effectiveness --- —- 328
Volunteer Deborah Loff, meeting with
the President (Digest) --- —------ 291
Volunteer Richard Starr, release by
Colombian terrorists --- —-------- 306
Peacock, Andrew S --- —------------- 422
Peacock, William E --- —------------ 304
Pell, Sen. Claiborne --- —--- 37,38,823,848
Pellegrino, Edmund --- —----------- 264
Pennsylvania
Democratic Party primary --- —-- 729, 739
News media, interviews with the President -------------------- 723,742
President's visit --- —--- 867,874, 893, 894
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation ------------------------- 95
People's Republic of China. See China,
People's Republic of
Perales, Cesar A ---- ------------ 316
Pereira Lopez, Ernesto --- —---------- 945
Peres, Shimon --- —----------------- 774
Pericles -------------------------- 779
Perkins, Repr. Carl D-_ --- —--------- 847
Perkins, Frances --- —------------- 629
Persian Gulf area
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect
on:
Stability of region --- —------- 673, 685
U.S. military capabilities improvement _ 91, 171,241,289, 348, 391, 634
U.S. security interests- 183, 241, 511, 616
U.S. policy toward outside intervention --------------- 197,346, 579, 871
World oil supplies --- —- 108, 171, 728, 803
Personnel Management, Office of
Director ---------------- 468, 815,898
Mention ------------------------ 617
Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees --- —- 394
Pertini, Alessandro. See Italy, President
Pertschuk, Michael --- —------------ 281
Peru
Cuban refugees in Havana Embassy,
asylum for --- —- 626, 642, 682, 913, 915
Science and technology cooperation
with U.S --- —----------------- 407
Peterson, Esther --- —-------- 281,453
Peterson, Roger Tory --- —----------- 752
Petrilli, Lisa A --- —---------------- 927
Petroleum. See Oil
Petroleum Exporting Countries, Organization of. See OPEC
Petroleum Reserve, Strategic --- —---- 251
Petroleum Reserve of Alaska, National- 63
Petty, Maj. Leslie --- —-------------- 786
Philadelphia, Pa.
Economic Development Administration grants --- —------------ 726, 736
Government employment --- —------ 877
President's visit --- 867, 874, 893, 894, 933
Philippines
President Ferdinand E. Marcos --- —- 720
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 169
Phillips Petroleum Co --- —---------- 721
Physical Fitness and Sports, President's
Council on --- —----------------- 261
Physical Fitness and Sports for All, National Conference on --- —---------- 259
Picott, J. Rupert --- —--------------- 84
Pillard, Charles H --- —-------------- 653
Pinder, Frank E --- —--------------- 509
A-48
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Pipeline Safety Act of 1969, Natural
Gas ---------------------------- 291
Pittsburgh, Pa --- —------------- 726, 734
Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers --- —--- 369
PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization
Poison Prevention Week, National --- — 238
Poland, airplane crash near Warsaw ---- 482,
517, 564
Polio vaccine, Salk --- —-------- 645, 811
Polls. See Public opinion polls
Pollution
See also Environment
Energy production standards --- —--- 832
Industrial facility standards --- —---- 352
Polozola, Frank J --- —------------ 608
Pope John Paul II --- —------------- 181
Popper, David H --- —-------------- 34
Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry- 2, 3, 97
Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation --------------------- 667, 684, 930
Portland, Oreg --- —---------------- 950
Postal Service, United States_- 289, 484, 940
Posvar, Wesley Wentz --- —----------- 606
Potato growers in Maine, task force to
consider Federal policies affecting —_- 608
Powell, Jody
Announcements (Checklist)-_ 25, 608, 721
Democratic Party primary and caucus results, question-and-answer session (Checklist) ---------------- 494
News conferences (Checklist) --- —-- 219,
564, 775, 826, 894, 932
Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance,
resignation letter reading --- —--- 782n.
White House statements reading --- — 11,
12, 28, 258,461,534, 584, 668, 760
Power, Joseph T --- —----------- 533, 564
Powers, William E --- —------------- 911
Prayer breakfast, national --- —------- 275
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc.
4754) -------------------------- 813
Presidency, views on
Crises management --- —---------- 888
Daily schedule --- —--------------- 766
Incumbency, advantages and disadvantages of --- —--------------- 938
Personal assessment --- —------- 742,906
Responsibilities of position. ---- 397, 710
Term of office, length of --- —------- 242
Presidential campaign, 1980. See Elections, 1980
Presidential Commission on World
Hunger ------------------------ 777
Presidential Exchange Executives --- —- 422
Presidential Management Improvement
Awards ----------------------— 18, 19
Presidential Medal of Freedom --- —--- 751
Presidential Scholars --- —----------- 925
Presidential Scholars, Commission on___ 606,
774
President's Advisory Committee for
Women ----------------------- 63,814
President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service --- —----------- 86
President's Commission on the Accident
at Three Mile Island, final report
recommendations
Nuclear Regulatory Commission reorganization 1 ---- 118,544, 617,744
Nuclear safety improvement-_ 131, 364, 504
President's Commission on the Coal Industry -------------------------- 471
President's Commission on Executive
Exchange --------------------- 272
President's Commission on the Holocaust --------------------------- 687
President's Commission on Mental
Health --------------- 784, 811
President's Commission for a National
Agenda for the Eighties --- —---- 263, 481
President's Commission for the Study of
Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research ---- 896
President's Commission on United StatesLiberian Relations --- —---- 372,373,508
President's Commission on White House
Fellowships --------------------- 949
President's Committee on Employment of
the Handicapped --- —------------ 808
President's Committee on Mental Retardation ------------------— 192, 217
President's Council on Physical Fitness
and Sports --- —------------------ 261
President's council on spinal cord injury,
proposed ----------------------- 811
President's Export Council --- —------- 401
President's financial report --- —--- 719,968
President's travel
International crises, effect on --- —--- 803
Oregon ---------------------- 950
Pennsylvania ---------------- 873, 880
Texas ------------------------- 786
Washington --------------------- 956
Press, Frank. See Science and Technology
Policy, Office of, Director
Preyer, Repr. Richardson --- —-------- 303
Price, Albert --- —------------------ 719
Price Advisory Committee --- — 121, 246, 249
Prices. See Wages and prices
Princeton University --- —------------ 664
Prison Industries, Inc., Federal --- —--- 452
Privacy rights legislation --- —--------- 156
Private Sector Initiatives program --- — 124
Proclamations
American Heart Month (Proc. 4716)_
Anhydrous ammonia industry (Proc.
4714) ---- ---------
Asian/Pacific American Heritage Week
(Proc. 4727) --- ------------
Cancer Control Month (Proc. 4731)Captive Nations Week (Proc. 476 1)_
Color television receiver subassemblies
imports (Proc. 4759) --- ------
190
101
405
450
940
920
A-49
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Proclamations-Continued
Days of Remembrance of Victims of
the Holocaust (Proc. 4747) --- —Disney, Walt, honoring the memory of
(Proc. 4725) --- —--------------
Douglas, William O. (Proc. 4715) --
Earth Day (Proc. 4710) --------
Emergency building temperature restrictions continuation (Proc. 4750) -
Father's Day (Proc. 4758) --- —--
Flag Day and National Flag Week
(Proc. 4757) --- —--------------
Inter-American Development Bank
Day (Proc. 4728) --- —---------
Iwo Jima Commemoration Day (Proc.
4724) --- —-------------------
Jewish Heritage Week (Proc. 4752) —
Law Day, U.S.A. (Proc. 4733) -----
Loyalty Day (Proc. 4734) --- —--
Meany, George (Proc. 4712) ------
Mother's Day (Proc. 4743) -----
National Bicycling Day (Proc. 4741)National Consumer Education Week
(Proc. 4746) --- —--— _ --- —
National Defense Transportation Day
and National Transportation Week
(Proc. 4737) --- —-------------
National Energy Conservation Days,
National Transportation Week
(Proc. 4753) ----__ -------
National Energy Education Day (Proc.
4738) --- —----------
National Farm Safety Week (Proc.
4749) --- —-------------------
National Inventors' Day (Proc. 4721)_
National Maritime Day (Proc. 4736)National Medic Alert Week (Proc.
4739) --- —-------------------
National Poison Prevention Week
(Proc. 4719) --- —---------
National Recreation and Parks Week
(Proc. 4760) --- —--------
Northern Mariana Islands (Proc.
4726) ------ -------
Older Americans Month and Senior
Citizens Day (Proc. 4745) --- —--
Organization for Rehabilitation
through Training Centennial Day
(Proc. 4740) --- —------------
Pan American Day and Pan American Week (Proc. 4732) --- —-----
Petroleum import adjustment program
(Proc. 4744) ---- -----------
(Proc. 4748) --- —-----------
(Proc. 4751) --- —-------------
Porcelain-on-steel cookware industry
(Proc. 4713) --- ------------
Prayer for Peace, Memorial Day (Proc.
4754) ------------------------
Red Cross Month (Proc. 4717) --- —Salute to Learning Day (Proc. 4755)Save Your Vision Week (Proc. 4718)
Proclamations-Continued
Servicemen, tribute to eight Ameri644 can (Proc. 4756) --- —---------- 847
Small Business Week (Proc. 4723) --- 349
350 Sugars, sirups, and molasses imports
105 (Proc. 4720) --- —-------------- 265
1 Teacher Day, USA (Proc. 4730) ---- 430
Trade with Indonesia, Trinidad, To685 bago, and countries forming Carte899 gena Agreement (Proc. 4711) --- — 20
Upland cotton import quotas (Proc.
895 4742) ------------------------ 575
Vinson, Carl (Proc. 4735) --- —--- 468
414 William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife
Range (Proc. 4729) --- —-------- 419
350 World Trade Week (Proc. 4722) ---- 322
768 Procurement policy, Federal --- —----- 72
457 Producer Price Index
457 Annual increases --- —------------- 496
67 April statistics --- —-------- 869,875, 884
583 February statistics --- —--------- 453, 512
562 Product Safety Commission, Consumer- 281
Productivity Council --- —------------ 127
621 Project Head Start --- —---------- 462, 494
Propst, Robert B_ --- —------------ 64, 65
Proxmire, Sen. William --- —--------- 573
506 Public Broadcasting, Corporation for_ — 912
Public Employees Federation of New
York ------------------------- 374
783 Public Health Service --- —------- 456, 908
Public opinion polls --- —---------- 89, 740
509 Pueblo, U.S.S., incident --- —--------- 744
Puerto Rico
683 Economic report --- —---------- 291, 293
273 Former Gov. Luiz Munoz Marin. --- 808
469 Gasoline production, import conservation fee waiver --- —----- 596, 598, 657
514 Submerged land jurisdiction --- —--- 466
U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 269
238 U.S. district judge --- —--------- 933, 934
U.S. policy --- —------------------ 319
936 Purcell, Edward Mills --- —---------- 82n.
Purcival, Ralph --- —---------------- 930
365 PUSH, Operation --- —-------------- 932
620 Qatar, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 718, 720
Quackenbush, James H --- —--------- 930
Quackenbush, Justin L --- —---------- 894
561 Queen, Thomas --- —--------------- 509
Queen. See specific forename
455 Racial Discrimination, Convention on — 119
Radiation Policy Council (EO 12194) — 362,
592
657
760
97
813
193
841
234
364
Radiation protection program --- —---- 364
Radiation Research Committee, Interagency ------------------------- 364
Radio Regulations, 1959 Geneva --- —- 225
Radioactive Waste Management, Interagency Review Group on --- —------ 297
Radioactive Waste Management, State
Planning Council on --- —--- 297, 301, 303
Railroad Passenger Corporation, National --------------------------- 296
A-50
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Railroad Safety Act of 1970 --- —----- 292
Railroads
Industry deregulation
Congressional consideration ---- 252, 573
Legislative proposal commitment for
1980 --------------------- 118, 121
Mentions ------------------- 215, 918
Purposes ---------------------- 150
Senate approval --- —----------- 584
Japanese train system --- —--------- 664
Railsback, Repr. Thomas --- —-------- 303
Railway Association, United States ---- 392
Railway Carmen of the United States
and Canada, Brotherhood of- 667, 684, 931
Railway labor disputes, Emergency
Boards to investigate. See Emergency
Boards to investigate railway labor
disputes
Ramirez, Blandina Cardenas --- —-- 605, 968
Ramo, Simon --- —----------------- 82n.
Ramphal, Sir Shridath --- —---------- 334
Randolph, Sen. Jennings --- —-------- 808
RARE. See Roadless area review and
evaluation lands
Raskas, Bernard --- —--------------- 822
Rasmussen, Karen L --- —------------ 928
Ratley, Jessie --- —--------------- 103, 495
Ravenel, Charles D --- —------------- 25
Ray, Gov. Dixy Lee
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance actions- 950, 952, 953, 957, 959
State Planning Council on Radioactive
Waste Management, member --- — 303
Raynor, Shari K --- —--------------- 926
Reactor Safeguards, Advisory Committee
on --------------- 504, 547, 549, 837-840
Read, Benjamin H --- —------------- 891
Reagan, Ronald
Mentions ----------------- 738, 763, 939
Public poll rating in projected race
against the President --- —---- 729, 739
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, criticism of President's actions --- —-- 641
Recession. See under Economy, national
Recreation Act of 1978, National Parks
and ------------------------- 416, 432
Recreation and Parks Week, National —_ 936
Red Cross, American --- —----------— 951
Red Cross Month --- —-------------- 193
Redbird, Helen Marie --- —---------- 849
Reed, Antoinette E --- —------------- 927
Reeves, Caroline B --- —------------- 928
Refugee Act --- —--------------- 503, 892
Refugees
See also Immigration and naturalization
Afghanistan. See Refugees under
Afghanistan
Ethiopia ------------------------ 964
Kampuchea --------------------- 964
Refugees, United Nations High Commission for --- —------------------ 256
Register, Richard A --- —------------ 927
Regulatory Council
Chairman --------------------- 59, 63
Federal regulatory agencies coordination ------------------------ 75, 252
Report on reforms since 1978 --- —-- 785
Small Business Administration membership --------------------- 78, 127
Regulatory reform
Airline industry. See Industry deregulation under Aircraft and aviation
Anti-inflation measure — 120, 215, 573, 604
Federal regulatory system
Legislation --- 118, 121,151,498, 604
Private sector, effect on --- —----- 215,
226, 281, 920
Financial institutions. See under Banks
and banking
Legislation ---------------------- 604
Presidential oversight of regulation — 152
Progress during administration --- 252, 785
Railroads. See Industry deregulation
under Railroad
Small businesses --- —---- 70, 74, 127, 517
Sunset review legislation --- —--- 118, 153
Telecommunications industry. See Industry deregulation under Communications and telecommunications
Trucking industry. See Trucking industry deregulation
Regulatory Reform, White House Conference on --- —------------------ 57
Rehabilitation through Training, Organization for --- —--------------- 561
Reiser, Carolyn S --- —-------------- 926
Religion
Leaders, meetings with the President- 49,
217 (Digest)
President's views on --- —---------- 181
Religious Broadcasters, National --- —-- 180
Reorganization Act of 1977 --- —------ 616
Reorganization Plans. See under Congress, Communications to
Research and development
Energy. See Energy research and development
Health and medical care --- —----- 190
Science and technology --- — 229, 816, 825
Reserve Officers Association --- —----- 374
Resignations and retirements. See under
Letters, Messages, Telegrams
Retired People, American Association of- 589
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
Employee -------------------- 295, 617
Rettgers, Forrest --- —--------------- 292
Reuss, Repr. Henry S --- —----------- 573
Revenue sharing, general. See General
revenue sharing
Reynolds, David P --- —------------- 892
Reynolds Metals Co --- —------------ 892
Rhodes, Repr. John J --- —--------- 966
Rhodesia. See Zimbabwe
Ribicoff, Sen. Abraham --- —------ 483, 616
Rice, Walter Herbert --- —-------- 654, 720
A-51
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Richardson, Robert E --- —---------- 929
Richmond, Julius B --- —------------- 261
Rickover, Adm. Hyman --- —--------- 752
Ridesharing program, Federal facility. — 271
Ridgway, Rozanne --- —----------- 334
Riegle, Sen. Donald W., Jr --- —---- 27, 770
Riley, Gov. Richard W --- —------- 297, 303
Rios, Richard John --- —------------- 769
River of No Return, Idaho --- —------- 416
Rivera, Tomas --- —----------------- 264
Rizzo, Frank L --- —------------ 726, 736
Roadless area review and evaluation
(RARE) lands --- —-------------- 159
Robb, Lt. Gov. Charles S --- —-------- 17
Roberts, J. Milnor --- —-------------- 374
Roberts, Louise R --- —------------- 928
Robinson, Benjamin B --- —---------- 928
Robinson, Harold Frank --- —-------- 323
Robinson, Prezell R --- —------------ 509
Robinson, Randall M --- —----------- 509
Rockefeller, Gov. John D., IV --- —--- 471
Roderick, David M --- —---------- 732, 736
Rodino, Repr. Peter W., Jr --- —------ 492
Rodriguez, Alexander R. H --- —------ 949
Rodriguez, Ricardo A --- —----------- 33
Rogers, Bill ---- --------------- 259
Rogers, Paul --- —------------- 264
Romero, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo --- 534
Romero-Barcelo, Carlos --- —----- - 291
Rooney, Art --- —------------------ 371
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Blind persons legislation --- —------ 808
Channel Islands National Park, Calif.,
establishment ------------------ 432
Environmental protection leadership- 416
GI bill approval --- —------------- 851
Mentions -------------------- 397, 766
Quoted ------------------------ 280
Roosevelt, Theodore --- —------------ 415
Rose, Pete --- — --------------- 653
Rosensaft, Hadassah --- —------------ 822
Rotary International --- —----------- 334
Rowan, Carl T --- —--------------- 107
Rubber Agreement, 1979, International
Natural ------------------------- 591
Rubin, Julia S --- —----------------- 929
Ruckelshaus, Jill S --- —---------- 605, 608
Ruff, Charles F. C --- —----------— 521
Ruff, S. Eugene --- —------------ 533, 564
Rural areas
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 144
National Main Street Center --- —--- 932
Women representatives, meeting with
the President --- —------ 774 (Digest),
775 (Checklist)
Rural Electrification Administration. —. 539,
583, 630
Rural Telephone Bank --- —--------- 293
Rusk, Dean ---- --------------- 720
Rusk, Howard A --- —-------- 810, 813, 826
Russell, Harold J --- —----------- 808
Russell, R. Robert. See Wage and Price
Stability, Council on, Director
Rustin, Bayard --- —---------------- 822
Rutherford, F. James --- —---- 425, 608, 841
Sabimbona, Simon --- —------------- 268
Sachar, Abraham ------------------ 822
Sadat, Anwar al-. See Egypt, President
Safety and Health, Federal Advisory
Council on Occupational --- —--- 395, 396
Safety and Health, National Institute for
Occupational -------------------- 395
Safety and Health Administration, Occupational ------------------- 59, 70, 281
Sagan, Carl ---- --------------- 264
St Germain, Repr. Fernand J --- —--- 573
St. Germaine, Richard D --- —-------- 258
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation --------------------- 237
Saint Lucia
Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 775
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation ------------------— 550
St. Patrick's Day --- —------------ 474, 500
St. Petersburg, Fla --- —------------- 893
Saint Vincent, trade beneficiary developing country designation --- —------- 550
Sakharov, Andrei --- —--------- 194, 357
Sakharov, Mrs. Andrei --- —---------- 357
Saldana, Lupe --- —----------------- 563
Salij, Elena A --- —---------------- 927
Salk, Dr. Jonas --- —---------------- 645
Salmon River, Idaho --- —----------- 416
SALT. See Strategic arms limitation
Salute to Learning Day (Proc. 4755)_ — 841
Samuels, Howard --- —-------------- 264
San Antonio, Tex --- —----------- 452, 786
San Francisco, Calif --- —--------- 432, 931
Sanders, Edward --- —--------------- 862
Sang, Bahk --- —------------------- 305
Santos, Lucille L --- —--------------- 258
Saratoga, U.S.S --- —------------ 726, 878
Sarbanes, Sen. Paul S --- —-------- 15, 383
Sasser, Sen. Jim --- —------------ 333, 616
Saunders, Frank A --- —------------- 305
Saunders, Harold H --- —---------- 87, 930
Savannah, Ga ---- ------------- 501
Save Your Vision Week (Proc. 4718) — 234
Savings Bond Campaign --- —-------- 653
Savings Bonds, Interagency Committee
for the Purchase of United States --- 653
Sawhill, John C --- —--------------- 65
Schaeffer, Philip A --- —---------- 377, 379
Schafer, Maj. James --- —------------ 786
Scharlau, Winfred --- —------------- 682n.
Schatz, Julius --- —----------------- 822
Scheidt, Cindy M --- —-------------- 927
Scheuer, Repr. James H --- —--------- 303
Schifter, Richard --- —-------------- 822
Schmidt, Helmut. See Germany, Federal
Republic of, Chancellor
Schoenberg, Eric A --- —------------- 926
Scholars, Presidential --- —----------- 927
A-52
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Scholarships, Board of Foreign --- —--- 272
Schreiber, Ellen F --- —------------- 928
Schultze, Charles L. See Economic Advisers, Council of, Chairman
Science, National Medal of --- —------ 80
Science, Weizmann Institute of --- —--- 646
Science Foundation, National --- —_ 77, 363
Science and technology
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------- 146
Japan-U.S. agreement --- —----- 816, 826
Nuclear waste disposal investigations- 299
Research and development --- —---- 229
Soviet trade restrictions
Letter to Speaker of the House and
President of Senate --- —------- 184
Memorandum to Department Secretaries ---------------------- 43
Mention ---------------------- 560
President's comments --- —------- 23,
36, 41, 278, 634, 747
State of the Union --- —--------- 196
Validated export licenses suspension --------------------— _ 63
U.S. international programs --- —---- 406
Science and Technology for Development, Intergovernmental Committee
for --- —----------------------- 408
Science and Technology for Development, United Nations Conference on_ 408
Science and Technology Policy, Office of- 364
Science and Technology Policy, Office
of, Director (Frank Press)
Latin America and Caribbean, visit to- 407
Mount St. Helens eruption, disaster
assistance actions --- —--- 952,956, 959
National Medal of Science, presentation ceremony attendance --- —--- 80
News conference (Checklist) ------- 335
Sciences, National Academy of --- —--- 473
Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Institute for --- —------------ 407
Scott Paper Co --- —-------------- 552, 581
Scranton, Pa ---- -------------- 726
Sears Roebuck & Co ------------- 552, 581
Sebastian, Frank --- —---------- 414
Secret Service, United States --- —----- 612
Securities and Exchange Commission_ — 235,
402, 564
Security Council, National. See National
Security Council
Seidman, Herta Lande --- —------- 255, 522
Seignious, George M., II --- —-------- 25
Sela, Michael --- —-------------- 646, 648
Selander, Kelsey Phipps --- —--------- 949
Selective Service Act of 1967 amendments, Military --- —-------------- 339
Selective Service System
Draft registration
Military strength, relationship with- 680
President's opposition to immediate
draft initiation --- —--- 327, 340, 346
Selective Service System-Continued
Draft registration-Continued
Proposed legislation --- —-------- 333
Public reaction --- —-------- 312, 328
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, effect on --- —------ 312, 330, 340, 346
Women ------------ 243, 313, 342, 880
Reform ------------------------ 333
Revitalization _ --- —- 198,243,289, 293
Senegal, President Leopold Sedar Senghor ---------------------------- 653
Senghor, Leopold Sedar --- —--------- 653
Senior Citizens Day (Proc. 4745) --- —- 620
Senior Executive Service --- —--- 73, 467, 898
Seychelles, U.S. Ambassador --- —-- 843,869
Shadur, Milton Irving --- —---------- 608
Shah of Iran. See Pahlavi, Mohammad
Reza
Sheehan, John J --- —------------- 508
Sheeran, Dick --- —----------------- 742n.
Sheffield, James Edward --- —-------- 654
Shelley, Percy Bysshe --- —----------- 381
Sheppard, Harold L --- —------------ 718
Sherrad, Robert, Jr --- —------------ 703n.
Shields, Joseph C --- —-------------- 927
Ships and shipping
International agreements --- —--- 945, 946
Iran, prohibition on business with —. 612
Navy building programs --- —------- 475
Short, D. Clive --- —---------------- 775
Shorter, Frank --- —----------------- 259
Shriver, Sargent_ --- —-------------- 464
Shulevitz, Judith A --- —------------- 926
Shulman, Polly --- —---------------- 928
Sidell, William --- —---------------- 33
Sieff, Lord --- —----------------- 646, 648
Sierra Leone, U.S. Ambassador --- 899, 932
Siggard, Karin --- —---------------- 929
Sills, Beverly --- —--------------- 264, 752
Silver prices --- —------------------- 558
Simpson, Charles R --- —--------- 683, 720
Sinai Support Mission, United States —_ 697
Sinfelt, John H --- —---------------- 82n.
Singapore, natural rubber trade --- —--- 592
Sister Cities program --- —------------ 628
Sizemore, Charlene F --- —------- 533, 564
Slack, Repr. John M --- —---------- 506
Small Business, White House Commission on --- —--------------------- 916
Small Business, White House Conference
on. See White House Conference on
Small Business
Small Business Administration
Advisory Comrnittee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership, support services --- —-- -----------— 263
Lending activity expansion --- —----- 75
Minority-owned business loans --- —- 127
Philadelphia, Pa., grants --- —------- 726
Small business initiatives --- —------ 78
U.S. exports policy support --- —---- 400
A-53
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Small Business Administration, Administrator (A. Vernon Weaver, Jr.)
Advisory Committee on Small and
Minority Business Ownership, support services --- —-------------- 263
Federal procurement policy functions- 73
Meeting with the President (Digest)- 64
Small Business Persons awards --- —- 919
Small Business Week ceremony attendance --------------------- 916, 919
White House Conference on Small
Business attendance --- —------ 68, 72n.
Small Business Week (Proc. 4723)__ 349, 918
Small businesses
Leaders, meeting with the President --- 515
Legislation ------------------ 126, 127
Message to Congress --- —------ 73-79, 104
Minority enterprises --- —---------- 127
Regulatory reform --- —-- 70, 74, 127, 517
Women enterprises --- —---------- 128
Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of --- —-------------- 73
Small and Minority Business Ownership,
Advisory Committee on --- ------ 262, 305
Smith, Karen L ------------------- 927
Smith, Mark A., Jr --- —------------- 930
Smith, Repr. Neal --- —----- 68, 74, 916, 917
Smith, William Lee --- —------------ 25
Smyrnis, Nick ----------- 218, 383
Snodgrass, Charles William --- —.... --- 449, 453
Social Security Administration
Commissioner ---------- 12, 25, 217, 218
Draft registration, computer support — 289
Social security system
Administration's accomplishments and
goals ---------------—. 115, 138, 620
Inflation, effect on --- —----------- 555
Mentions --------------- 535, 539 783
1981 budget allocations --- —------- 536,
540, 806, 835, 887
Payments increase for cost-of-living --- 389
Proposed legislation --- —---------- 138
Supplemental Security Income program. See Supplemental Security Income program
Sofia, Queen --- —--------------- 334, 335
Solar energy
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 130
Increased use --- —-------- 470, 586, 664
Research and development --- —---- 417
Solar energy development bank, proposed ---------------------- 131, 418
Solarz, Repr. Stephen --- —-------- 719, 823
Sollars, Frank B --- —------------ 605, 608
Somalia
Ethiopian refugees migration --- —-- 964
U.S. military bases --- —--------- 35, 391
South Africa, U.S. policy --- —------- 172
South Carolina, U.S. district judge --- — 721
South East Asian Nations, Association
for -------------------------- 169, 170
South Pacific Commission --- —-------- 893
Southern Baptist Radio and Television
Commission -- ---------- 333
Southwest Asia. See Persian Gulf area;
specific country
Soviet Union. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Space Administration, National Aeronautics and --- —----------------- 563
Space Club, National --- —----------- 563
Spaeth, Merrie --- —---------------- 949
Spain
King Juan Carlos I --- —------- 334, 335
Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez ------ 64, 82
Queen Sofia --- —------------- 334, 335
Spalding, George Thomas --- —------- 920
Spanish-speaking Americans
Civil rights --- —-------------- 223, 224
Employment ----------------- 249, 859
Federal programs --- —------------ 859
Leaders, meeting with the President
(Digest) ---------------------- 775
Ministers, meeting with the President --- -------------------- 333
Youth education and employment programs ------------------------ 54
Speaker of the House of Representatives
(Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr.)
Chrysler Corporation Loan Guarantee
Act of 1979, passage leadership --- 27
Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act
support ----------------------- 588
Democratic congressional campaign
dinner attendance --- —---------- 538
Letters from the President. See under
Congress, Communications to
Meeting with the President (Digest)- 267
Mentions ------------ 28, 39, 200n., 569
St. Patrick's Day celebration --- —-- 501
United States Holocaust Memorial
Commission, membership designation authority --- —------------- 820
Special Panel for employment discrimination cases --- —----------------- 567
Special Representative of the President
for International Economic Summits- 219,
867
Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, Office of the. See United
States Trade Representative, Office of
the
Spellman, Repr. Gladys Noon ---- 13, 15, 16
Spencer, Samuel R --- —------------- 272
Spero, Joan Edelman --- —------- 507, 522
Speth, James Gustave --- —---- 335, 415,419
Spiegel, S. Arthur --- —----------- 654, 720
Spieth, Robert E --- —--------------- 928
Spinal cord injury, President's council on
proposed ------------------------- 811
Spiro, Robert Harry, Jr --- —--------- 98
Spitz, Mark --- —------------------- 380
Spitzer, Lyman, Jr --- —------------- 82n.
Spokane, Wash ----------- 956
Sports, President's Council on Physical
Fitness and --- —----------------- 261
A-54
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Sports for All, National Conference on
Physical Fitness and --- —---------- 259
Springfield, Va --- —-------------- 868
Springs, Carol C --- —--------------- 928
Spurrier, John W --- —-------------- 269
Staats, Elmer B --- —---------------- 898
Stadtman, Earl Reece --- —---------- 82n.
Staggers, Rep. Harley O --- —-------- 761
Standards, National Bureau of --- —---- 483
Standby gasoline rationing plan
Conditions necessary for implementation -------------------------- 92
Mention ---------------------- 279
President's commitment to propose
legislation -------------- 116, 117, 129
Secretary of Energy's plan preparation -------------------------- 92
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady --- —-------- 412
Stanton, Repr. F. William --- —------- 573
Starbuck, Dorothy L --- —------------ 87
Stark, Arthur --- —----------------- 684
Starr, Richard --- —----------------- 306
State, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Ambassador at Large --- —--------- 891
Assistant Secretaries --- —------- 719, 930
Budget deferral --- —-------------- 235
Coordinator for Mexican Affairs --- 756n.
Coordinator for Refugee Affairs (Victor H. Palmieri)
Afghan refugees in Pakistan, assistance actions --- —--------- 257
Cuban refugee actions --- —---- 819, 933
Refugee admission functions_ — 684, 685
Counselor ---------------------- 334
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 820
Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —---- 552
Deputy Assistant Secretary --- 892, 893
Deputy Coordinator for Refugee Affairs ------------------------- 217
Deputy Secretary. See State, Deputy
Secretary of
Executive Secretary --- —----------- 892
Financial transaction audits --- —---- 603
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876
Intelligence and Research, Director-_ 933
Iran, travel prohibitions on U.S. citizens to --- —------------------ 710
National Security Council, relationship with --- —--------------- 876, 881
Policy Planning Staff, Director ----- 891
President's Commission on United
States-Liberian Relations, support
services --- —------------------ 373
Report preparations
International science and technology
activities -------------------- 406
1959 Geneva Radio Regulations,
partial revision --- —---------- 225
Treaty and international agreement
reports ----------------------- 206,
590, 591, 756, 783, 865, 867, 925, 946
Under Secretaries --- —----- 219, 775,891
State, Deputy Secretary of (Warren M.
Christopher)
Acting Secretary of State announcement ----------------------- 782n.
Cuban refugee assistance actions. --- 780
Cyprus conflict settlement actions --- 382
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 877
Geneva Conference on Kampuchean
relief, U.S. delegation head --- —-- 933
Kampuchean relief role --- —------- 931
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 64,
267, 654, 775, 825, 891, 893, 930, 932
Mentions ---------------- 359, 791, 861
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, meetings with U.S. allies --- —--- -— 11, 80
State, Secretary of (Edmund S. Muskie)
For functions of the Department in
general, see State, Department of
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 913
Export administration functions --- — 824
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 825,
891,893,930, 966, 967
NATO meetings in Vienna, Austria__ 896,
900, 941
Nomination -------------- 791,826,893
President's assessment --- — 800,877,881
Soviet Foreign Minister, meeting with- 872
898
Swearing-in ceremony --- —----- 861, 862
State, Secretary of (Cyrus R. Vance)
Afghan refugee assistance, report preparation ---------------------- 257
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, relationship
with -----------------------— 876
Canadian-U.S. nuclear energy agreement analysis --- —-------------- 782
Cyprus conflict negotiations --- — 382, 552
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 881
International science and technology
activities evaluation --- —-------- 408
Iran
Diplomatic exchange reports --- —- 257
Sanctions responsibilities --- —----- 611,
612, 716, 717
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 25,
64, 104, 217, 268, 291, 293, 334, 423,
452, 493, 522, 563, 720, 775, 824
Mentions --------- 90 266, 307, 460, 640
Middle East peace negotiations --- —- 487
1980 Summer Olympics, meeting with
U.S. Olympic Committee President --- —--------------------- 107
Oil import consultations --- —------- 598
President's Commission on United
States-Liberian Relations, final report reception --- —------------ 372
Refugee admission functions --- —- 684, 685
Resignation -_ 781, 791, 797, 798, 826, 881
Technology and strategic items transfer to Soviet Union, review --- —-- 43
Trade policy functions --- —--------- 8, 10
U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, meeting
remarks ----------------------- 756
A-55
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
State Legislatures, National Conference
of ----------------------------- 552
State and local governments
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------- 142
Export trade services --- —------ 400
Federal assistance programs reassessment ------------------------ 554
Federal Government, relationship
with -----------------— _ 213,275
Federal grants-in-aid --- —--------- 495
Floodplain management programs --- 37
General revenue sharing. See General
revenue sharing
Judicial dispute resolution grant programs ---------------------- 303
Nuclear energy programs --- 297, 302, 505
Refugee assistance --- —---------- 503
Regulatory reform --- —----------- 58
Small business programs --- —------- 77
State Planning Council on Radioactive
Waste Management --- —--- 297,301,303
State of the Union
Address ----------- 194, 219 (Checklist)
Message to Congress --- —---------- 114
Statements by the President
See also Bill Signings
Airplane crash near Warsaw, Poland- 482
Alcohol fuels program --- —-------- 61
Chinese New Year --- —----------- 257
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 implementation ----------------- 898
Deaths
Douglas, William 0 --- —-------- 105
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt --- —-- 362
Lowenstein, Allard K --- —------- 495
Meany, George --- —------------ 56
Muiioz Marin, Luis --- —-------- 808
Okun, Arthur --- —------------- 533
Owens, Jesse --- —-------------- 574
Romero, Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo- 534
Slack, Repr. John M --- —------- 506
Tito, Josip Broz --- —----------- 827
Democratic Party primaries and
caucuses
Connecticut and New York primaries --------------------- 534
Iowa caucuses --- —------------- 180
Maine caucuses --- —------------ 295
Massachusetts and Vermont primaries ---------------------- 428
Fiscal Year 1981 budget --- —------ 857
Freight rail industry deregulation legislation ------------------------ 584
International Labor Organization --- 306
Islamic nations, relations with --- —-- 283
Israeli settlements and status of Jerusalem ------------------------ 427
Mental Health Month --- —-------- 784
National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska,
proposed legislation --- —-------- 233
Statements by the President-Continued
National Women's History Week --- — 412
Olympic boycott by West Germans_ — 920
Peace Corps volunteer Richard Starr,
Colombian terrorists release of ---- 306
Presidential Commission on World
Hunger --------------------- 777
Regulatory reform --- —-------- 604, 785
St. Patrick's Day --- —------------ 474
Salk polio vaccine, 25th anniversary-_ 645
Selective Service System revitalization- 289
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons, 10th anniversary- 433
Trucking industry deregulation --- 461, 693
U.S. export policy --- —------------ 400
Youth employment and education
legislation -------------------— 847
Statements Other Than Presidential
See also White House Statements
American hostages in Iran, White
House Press Secretary --- —------ 11
Australia, meeting with Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser, White House
Press Secretary --- —------------ 259
Cuban refugees, Vice President --- —- 780
Democratic Party primaries and
caucuses, White House Press Secretary --------------------— 461, 584
Iran, European Community sanctions
against, White House Press Secretary ------------------------— 760
Olympics, 1980 Summer, White House
Press Secretary --- —------------ 668
SALT II treaty delay request, White
House Press Secretary --- —------ 12
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, White
House Press Secretary --- —------ 11
United Nations, meeting with Secretary General Waldheim, White
House Press Secretary --- —------ 27
Steade, Susan G --- —--------------- 926
Stebbins, George Ledyard --- —------- 82n.
Steel Corp., United States --- — 732, 735, 903
Steel industry
Imports ------------- 665, 732, 735, 902
Prices ------------------------- 735
Profits and productivity increase --- — 723,
734, 750
Wage settlement —_ --- —---------- 725
Stennis, Sen. John C --- —----------- 539
Sterling Heights, Mich --- —---------- 770
Stevens, Robert C --- —-------------- 950
Stevens, Sen. Ted --- —-------------- 318
Stewart, Carleton M --- —---------- 509
Stobbe, Dietrich --- —-------------- 644
Stock Exchange, American --- —------ 64
Stone, Lucy --- —------------------- 412
Stone, Sen. Richard --- —------------ 823
Stonewall, Tex --- —-------- 465
Stover, Christopher R --- —---------- 929
A-56
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Strategic arms limitation
Major foreign policy objective of administration ------------------- 869
SALT I --- —__ --- —------- 196, 434, 488
SALT II negotiations --- —--------- 906
SALT II treaty
Mentions -------------------- 434
President's commitment to abide by
terms until ratification --- —---- 872
Purposes ----------- 179, 196, 345, 348
Senate ratification
Committee on Foreign Relations
report -------------------- 451
President's request for delay in
consideration -------------- 12,
Reconsideration, possibility of -- 831
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,
effect on —_ 26, 119, 180, 451,636, 831
Verification of terms --- —---- 345, 488
West German support --- —------ 440
SALT III negotiations --- —---- 440, 831
Strategic Petroleum Reserve --- —-- 251,593
Strauss, Franz Josef --- —--------- 470,518
Strauss, Robert S.
Carter/Mondale Presidential Committee, Inc., chairman --- —------—. 937
Multilateral trade negotiations, role
in --------------------------- 6
News conference (Checklist) -------- 932
Steel imports antidumping suits investigation ----------------- 732, 736
Strochlitz, Sigmund --- —------------ 822
Stults, Walter --- —----------------- 516
Suarez, Adolfo --- —--------------- 64, 82
Sudan, U.S. Ambassador --- —----- 843, 893
Sugahara, Kay --- —---------------- 218
Sugar, sirup, and molasses imports
(Proc. 4720) -------------------— 265
Sullivan, Mary E --- —--------------- 927
Sultanik, Kalman --- —-------------- 822
Summer Olympics, 1980. See Olympics,
1980 Summer
Sunset review legislation --- —----- 118, 153
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
program, 1981 budget allocations___ 536,
540, 806, 836, 887
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 --- —------------- 416
Swift, Repr. Al --- —---------------- 306
Switzerland, social security agreement
with U.S --- —------------------- 264
Symon, Mary Louise --- —----------- 303
Synthetic fuels --- —---------- 417, 470, 883
Taiwan
Nonrubber footwear exports --- —--- 420
Trade with U.S --- —------------- 963
U.S. relations --- —------------- -91,
338, 399, 579, 906, 963
Talboys, Brian E --- —--------------- 422
Talisman, Mark --- —-- --------- 823
Talmadge, Sen. Herman E --- —---- 568, 653
Tanimoto, Lawrence G --- —--------- 927
Tariffs and Trade, General Agreement
on ----------------------- 7, 97, 265
Tarniff, Peter --- —----------------- 892
Tashima, A. Wallace --- —------------ 894
Task Force on Export Disincentives —. 402
Task Force on Youth Employment, Vice
President's ---------------------- 124
Tatum, Miltum T --- —------------- 929
Tau, Cecilia Mildred Nana --- —------ 775
Tax Court, United States- 683, 720, 756, 775
Taxation
Capital investment --- —---------- -253
Cyprus, taxation and fiscal evasion
convention with U.S --- —------ 925
Income taxes reduction and reform
Future cuts, possibility of --- —--- 724
Interest and dividend payments
withholding --------------- 571
1978 tax cut --- —----------- 112, 253
1980 tax cut, President's rejection
of ----------------- 122, 247, 558
System improvement efforts. —. 389, 888
Legislation ---------------------- 639
Malta, income tax treaty with U.S. —. 756
Small business investment credits-__ 75, 127
Targeted jobs credit --- —---------- 124
Tax base incomes policy --- —------ 884
Territorial revenues --- —----------- 317
Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil
Windfall Profit Tax Act
Taylor, Daniel B --- —-------------- 751
Taylor, Paul --- —------------------ 733n.
Teacher Day, USA (Proc. 4730) ------- 430
Technology Assessment, Office of --- —-- 5
Teige, Peter N --- —-------------- 428, 452
Telecommunication Union, International ----------------------------- 225
Telecommunications. See Communications and telecommunications
Telecommunications Satellite Consortium, International --- —----------- 705
Telephone Bank, Rural --- —--------- 292
Telephone and Telegraph Company,
American ----------------- ---- 653
Television receiver assemblies, color ---- 920
Teller, Adam J --- —-------------- 926
Telling, Edward R --- —------------- 581
Temple University, Pa --- —---------- 874
Templer, Mark --- —---------------- 926
Tennessee Valley Authority --- —------ 240,
539, 583, 630
Tenorio, Pedro Agulto --- —---------- 344
Texas
President's visit --- —------------- 786
U.S. district judge --- —--------- 104, 218
Textile Workers, Amalgamated Clothing
and --------------------------— 563
Thailand, natural rubber trade --- —---- 592
Thatcher, Richard --- —------------- 933
Thibodaux, La --- —----------------- 893
Third World countries. See Developing
countries
A-57
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Thomas, Charles Walker --- —-------- 84
Thomas, Edward K --- —------------ 849
Thomas, Lewis --- —------------- 264
Thomas, Nasha L --- —------------- 928
Thompson, Repr. Frank, Jr -------- 37, 38
Thompson, Harold G --- —----------- 929
Thompson, Myron B --- —--------- 344
Thompson, Roosevelt L --- —--------- 926
Thornburg, Greg W --- —----------- 928
Thornburgh, Gov. Dick --- —------- 727, 736
Thorndike, Nicholas S --- —---------- 927
Thorpe, Earl E --- —---------------- 84
Thorpe, Jim --- —----------------- 380
Three Mile Island, Pa --- —------- 726, 743
Three Mile Island, President's Commission on the Accident at. See President's
Commission on the Accident at Three
Mile Island
Thucydides ---------------------- 382
Tickner, Charlie --- —------------- 380
Timpane, P. Michael --- —-------- 651,825
Tito, Josip Broz --- —------------- 315, 827
Tobago, trade with U.S --- —--------- 20
Tobin, Joan F --- —------------- 515, 894
Todman, Terrence A --- —----------- 848
Togo, Fumihiko --- —--------------- 422
Tokyo Economic Summit Conference_- 95
Tolbert, William R., Jr --- —--------- 373
Toner, Brig. Gen. Francis J --- —----- 37
Tonga, U.S. Ambassador --- —-------- 893
Tootle, Bill --- — -------------- 786
Topeka, Kans --- — ------------ 563
Trade, General Agreement on Tariffs
and ---------------------- 7, 97, 265
Trade, U.S. See under Commerce, international
Trade Commission, Federal. See Federal
Trade Commission
Trade Commission, United States International. See United States International Trade Commission
Trade and Development, United Nations
Conference on --- —--------------- 7
Trade Negotiating Committee --- —---- 7
Trade negotiations, multilateral. See
Multilateral trade negotiations
Trade Negotiations, Office of the Special
Representative for. See United States
Trade Representative, Office of the
Trade Policy Committee --- —-------- 8
Trade Representative, Office of the
United States. See United States Trade
Representative, Office of the
Trade Week, World --- —------------ 322
Trademark Office, Patent and -------- 237
Traffic Safety Administration, National
Highway ----------------------- 281
Trail, North Country National Scenic --- 432
Trans Mountain Oil Pipeline Corporation ---------------------------- 99
Transportation
See also Aircraft and aviation; Auto —
mobiles and automobile industry;
Mass transit; Railroads; Ships and
shipping; Trucking industry
Administration's goals and accomplishments ---------------------- 140
Energy conservation measures ---- 787, 826
Transportation, Department of
See also specific constituent agencies
Annual report --- —--------------- 423
Budget deferrals --- —------------- 235
Deputy Secretary --- —------------- 25
Energy conservation and transportation efficiency observance --- —---- 784
General Counsel --- —---------- 643, 775
Handicapped person programs --- —- 810
Military awards program --- —------ 475
Nuclear waste disposal regulations_ — 300
Radiation Policy Council membership -------------------------- 363
Ridesharing programs --- —------ 2 72
Transportation, Secretary of (Neil Goldschmidt)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Transportation, Department of
D.C. Metrorail system financing agreement ------------------------- 18
Energy conservation efforts --- —- 788-791
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63,
267, 423,492, 825,931
Membership on:
State Planning Council on Radioactive Waste Management --- —- 301
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
Military awards program report --- — 475
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system recommendation --- —----- 100
Transportation Amendments of 1979,
National Capital --- —----------- 13, 17
Transportation Day and National Transportation Week, National Defense --- 506,
783, 930
Transportation Safety Board, National — 493
Treasury, Department of the
See also specific constituent agencies
Antiboycott programs --- —--------- 402
Assistant Secretary --- —-------- 434, 453
Budget deferrals --- —------------ 355
Deputy Secretary --- —--------- 374, 774
Employee retirement cooperative
agreements ------------------— 295
Iran, travel prohibitions on U.S. citizens to --- —------------------- 710
Treasury, Secretary of the (G. William
Miller)
For functions of the Department in
general, see Treasury, Department
of the
Automobile companies, meeting with
chief executives (Digest) --- —---- 932
A-58
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Treasury, Secretary of the-Continued
Budget 1981 preparation ---- 225, 569, 608
Chrysler Corporation loan, role in ---- 27
Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act,
signing ceremony remarks --- —--- 589
Federal financial institutions deregulation efforts --- —---------------- 572
Foreign policy role --- —----------- 876
Inter-American Development Bank,
U.S. Governor --- —------------- 414
Iran, sanctions responsibilities --- 611-613,
715, 717
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 292,
493, 607, 931
Membership on:
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations --- —------ 104
Oil Policy Committee --- —------- 10
Trade Policy Committee --- —---- 8
Oil imports adjustment program responsibilities ---------------- 592, 598
Taxation of U.S. citizens living abroad,
report on --- —----------------- 207
Voluntary wage and price guidelines,
telegram to Fortune 500 companies- 453
Treaties and other international agreements. See under Congress, Communications to; other part of title
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons --- —----------- 403, 433
Trident submarine --- —---------- 348, 475
Trimble, Philip R --- —----------- 843, 893
Trinidad, trade with U.S --- —-------- 20
Trowbridge, Alexander --- —--------- 292
Trucking industry deregulation
Legislation
Administration's cooperation with
conference committee --- —----- 252
President's appeal for action- 78, 150, 498
Senate approval --- —--------- 693, 918
Senate Commerce Committee action ------------------------ 461
Senators Hart and Kennedy, leadership roles --- —--------------- 281
Mentions ------------ 118, 121,215,573
Purposes ---------------------- 78, 150
Trudeau, Pierre Elliott --- —---------- 861
Truman, Harry S --- —-- 282, 349, 744, 766
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands --- 301,
319, 466
Trusteeship Council, United Nations --- 495
Truth, Sojourner --- —-------------- 412
Tubman, Harriet --- —-------------- 412
Tuchman, Barbara --- —------------- 774
Tullio, Louis J --- —------------- 369
Tunisia, Special Emissary Bourguiba --- 423
Turbay Ayala, Julio Cesar --- —------- 780
Turkey
Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit --- —-- 382
U.S. assistance --- —--------------- 439
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 390
Turkey-Continued
West German economic assistance --- 439,
678, 679
Turner, Stansfield. See Central Intelligence Agency, Director
Tuvalu
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation ------------------- 550
U.S. Ambassador --- —------------- 893
UAW. See United Auto Workers
Udall, Repr. Morris K --- —------- 63, 233
Udwin, Gerald E ------------------- 742n.
Uehling, Barbara S --- —----------- 96, 218
Uganda
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation ---------------- 430, 550
U.S. Ambassador --- —--------- 629, 720
Ullman, Repr. Al -------- 470, 585, 588, 662
Ullman, Claire F --- —-------------- 928
Uniformed services health professionals
special pay bill --- —-------------- 456
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Afghanistan, invasion of. See Afghanistan, Soviet invasion
Defense spending --- —------------ 347,
578, 659, 680, 869
Foreign Minister A. A. Gromyko — 872,898
Foreign policy --- —--- 633, 641, 674, 964
Foreign relations
Angola -------------------- 108,674
Cuba ------------------ 93, 625, 642
Ethiopia ------------ 94,108,111,674
Former allies --- —-------------- 807
Kampuchea ------------------- 674
United States. See U.S. relations
Human rights violations --- —---- 306, 379
International Year of Disabled Persons sponsorship --- —----------- 809
Iran
Abstention from voting on U.N.
sanctions against- 39, 79, 611, 615, 669
Control of militants holding American hostages, possibility of --- —- 637
Trade with --- —--------------- 712
Military strength comparison with
U.S -------------------------- 660
Oil
Afghanistan invasion, threat to
world supplies --- —---- 108, 111, 183
Imports ---------------------- 35
Olympics, 1980 Summer. See Olympics, 1980 Summer
President L. I. Brezhnev --- —------ 674
Sakharov, Mr. and Mrs. Andrei, internal exile of --- —---------- 194, 357
Science and technology
Cooperation with U.S --- —------- 406
Repressive system, effect on development --------------------- 81
Strategic arms limitation. See Strategic arms limitation
A-59
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsContinued
Trade with U.S.
Agricultural products. See under
Agricultural trade
Anhydrous ammonia exports — 101, 102
Fishing rights suspension. See under
Fishing industry
Phosphate shipments suspension —_ 560
Summer Olympics articles prohibition ----------------- 559, 560, 565
Technology and other strategic items
suspension. See under Science
and technology
U.S. Ambassador --- —----------- 11,23
U.S. relations
Afghanistan invasion, effect on —_- 36,
108, 111, 164, 346,673,674
Detente, state of --- —-------- 442, 872
Post World War II relationship ---- 195
United Auto Workers --- —----- 28, 770, 931
United Jewish Appeal --- —------- 377,931
United Kingdom
Foreign Minister Lord Carrington --- 892
Former Prime Minister James Callaghan ---------------------- 63
Iranian Embassy takeover --- —----- 845
Nuclear arms control --- —--------- 434
Olympics, 1980 Summer, possibility of
boycott ----------------------- 676
Zimbabwe, final settlement agreement ------------------ 541,679, 807
United Methodist Conference --- —---- 774
United Nations
Afghanistan, responses to Soviet invasion of
General Assembly vote --- —------ 106,
108, 189, 244, 520, 541, 560, 578, 634,
673, 796
Moslem nations --- —------------ 643
Multinational petition to condemn
action --------------------- 22,40
Third World nations --- —-------- 224
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 914
Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —---- 205
Economic and Social Council
Deputy U.S. Representative --- —-- 606
Kampuchean relief --- —--------- 931
U.S. Representative --- —----- 507, 522
Environment program --- —-------- 590
Human rights covenants --- —------- 119
Iran, responses to American hostages
in
Diplomatic sanctions, possibility of- 669,
670
Economic sanctions
Mentions ----------------- 91, 113
Security Council approval --- —- 79,
611,614, 669, 670, 707, 764
Soviet veto --- —------- 79, 669, 674
U.S. proposal --- —----------- 40
Release efforts --- —----- 22, 39, 79, 794
Unanimous condemnation__ --- —- 36,
39, 224, 728, 763, 795, 882
United Nations-Continued
Israeli settlements and status of Jerusalem vote --- —------------- 427, 640
Security Council --- —------------- 638
U.S. Representative --- —--- 224, 861,966
World Food program --- —--------- 257
United Nations, Secretary-General (Kurt
Waldheim)
Cyprus conflict settlement actions ---- 205,
382, 551,947
Geneva conference on Kampuchean
relief, convening of --- —--------- 931
Iran, efforts to negotiate release of
American hostages in --- —------- 39,
79, 307, 356, 386, 455, 612, 614
Meeting with the President --- —---- 27
1959 Geneva Radio Regulations, partial revision ------------------ 225
United Nations Commission on Human
Rights --- —--------------------- 495
United Nations commission of inquiry on
Iran ---------------- 356,386,455, 458
United Nations Conference on Science
and Technology for Development ---- 408
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development -------------------- 7
United Nations Day --- —------------ 653
United Nations High Commission for
Refugees ----------------------- 256
United Nations Trusteeship Council --- — 495
United Negro College Fund --- —----- 53
United States Air Force --- —-------- 780n.
United States Air Force Academy —_ 606, 757
United States amateur boxing team. --- 482,
517, 564
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
Annual report --- —--------------- 450
Assistant Director_ 428, 452, 866, 894, 930
General Advisory Committee, member- 25.
217,218
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Director (Ralph
Earle II)
International nuclear energy agreements evaluation --- —----------- 782
Nomination ------------------ 217,219
Nuclear proliferation assessment statement ------------------------- 266
Recess appointment --- —---------- 25
United States Civil Service Commission- 617
United States Coast Guard
Commandant -------------------- 932
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 780,
819, 913, 915
United States Coast Guard Academy — 607
United States Conference of Mayors —. 212
United States Court of Customs and
Patent Appeals --- —----------- 866, 894
United States Court of Military Appeals- 317
United States Customs Service _ ---- 98, 102
United States Holocaust Memorial Council ----------------------------- 820
A-60
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
United States International Development
Cooperation Agency
See also specific constituent agencies
Associate Director --- —--------- 51, 218
Deputy Director --- —------------- 296
Director --- —------------------- 8
United States International Trade Commission
Chairman -------------------- 102, 948
Import relief determinations
Anhydrous ammonia --- —-------- 102
Leather wearing apparel --- —- 531, 532
Nonrubber footwear ----------- 420
Porcelain-on-steel cookware --- — 2, 3, 97
United States-Liberian Relations, President's Commission on --- —-------- 508
United States Marine Corps --- —- 350, 780n.
United States Marine Corps Memorial
Commission -------------------— 483
United States Merchant Marine --- —-- 469
United States Metric Board --- —-- 940, 967
United States Naval Academy --- —- 769, 880
United States Navy
Cuban refugee assistance --- —------ 780
National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska
exploration -------------------- 233
Presence in Persian Gulf area --- —--- 233
Shipbuilding programs --- —---- 167, 475
United States Office of Consumer Affairs --------------------------- 83
United States Olympic Committee
Budget appropriation --- —--------- 893
Executive director --- —------------ 104
Fundraising drive --- —------------ 966
Mention ------------------------ 196
Support activities for Olympic teams- 381
U.S. boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics
House of Delegates vote --- —----- 668
Position presentation to International Olympic Committee —_ 108, 305, 356
Support of President's decision- 259, 676
Vice President's address to House of
Delegates, announcement (Digest) ------------------------ 653
United States Olympic Committee, President (Robert Kane)
Meeting with administration officials
(Checklist) -------------------- 104
Mention ------------------------ 381
National Conference on Physical Fitness and Sports for All, attendance -------------------- 259, 261n.
U.S. boycott of 1980 Summer Olympics
Acceptance of President's decision- 356
Communications from the President ------------------- 106, 616
United States Postal Service --- —------ 289,
484, 940, 968
United States Railway Association___ 392, 423
United States Savings Bonds, Interagency
Committee for the Purchase of --- —-- 653
United States Secret Service --- —--- 612
U.S.S. Nimitz --- —----------------- 882
U.S.S. Pueblo --- —----------------- 744
U.S.S. Saratoga --- —------------ 726, 878
United States Sinai Support Mission ---- 697
United States Steel Corp --- —-- 732, 735,903
United States Tax Court_ — 683, 720, 756, 775
United States Trade Representative
(Reubin O'D. Askew)
Council on Wage and Price Stability,
member ----------------------- 967
Customs Valuation Agreement --- —- 95
Export trade balance examination. --- 401
Import relief determinations. --- —.. 3,
98, 102, 421, 531
Meeting with the President (Digest)- 967
Trade policy functions --- —------- 6-11
United States Trade Representative, Office of the
Deputy U.S. Trade Representative --- 25
EO 12188, implementing Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 --- —----- 7
Mention ------------------------ 617
Upland cotton imports (Proc. 4742)_ — 575
Urban areas
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------ 115, 143
Federal assistance programs- 495, 555, 832
Mass transit programs --- —-------- 14
National Main Street Center --- —--- 933
Neighborhood development --- —---- 139
Urban Coalition, National --- —------- 563
Urban Development Action Grant Program -------------------- 213, 555, 727
Utah, Paiute Indian Tribe --- —------- 604
Utility companies, conversion from oil to
coal --------- 129, 166, 177, 448, 472, 889
Valdez, Abelardo L --- —------------ 217
Valentine, Foy --- —---------------- 264
Valge, Viia E --- —----------------- 927
Van Doren, Charles N --- —---------- 930
Vance, Cyrus R. See State, Secretary of
Vancouver, Wash ---- ----------- 967
Vander Jagt, Repr. Guy --- —-------- 275
Vanlare, Paula J --- —------------ 928
Vavasis, Stephen A --- —------------- 927
Vehicle Certification Board, Low-Emission -------------------------- 483
Veil, Simone --- —----------- - 238
Vela, Filemon B --- —--------------- 104
Velarde, Edwin Fabrega --- —------ 33
Venezuela
OPEC meeting in Caracas --- —----- 570
Science and technology cooperation
with U.S --- —----------------- 407
Trade beneficiary developing country
designation ---------------- 430, 550
Venice Economic Summit Conference — 440,
681, 777, 794, 870
Verburg, Jeffrey L --- —------------- 20
Verity, C. William, Jr --- —--------- 522
Vermont
Administration briefing for community
and civic leaders --- —----------- 334
Democratic Party primary --- —--- 428
A-61
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Vesco, Robert L --- —--------------- 904
Veterans, administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------- 142
Veterans Administration --- —---- 4, 5, 653
Veto messages. See Veto Messages under
Congress, Communications to
Vice President (Walter F. Mondale)
Campaign efforts for President --- —- 391
Cuban refugees statement --- —------ 780
Cyprus conflict negotiations --- —--- 382
Equal rights amendment activities__ 833
Hubert H. Humphrey tribute in New
England attendance --- —-------- 935
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63,
103, 217, 267, 268, 292, 293, 333, 374,
422, 423, 451,452, 492,493,521,563,
653, 720, 774, 775, 825, 892, 893,930,
931,966
Mentions ----------------------- 391,
397,569, 732, 738, 763, 939
President of the Senate, letters from
the President. See under Congress,
Communications to
United States Holocaust Memorial
Council, membership designation
authority --------------------- 820
United States Olympic Committee
address (Digest) ---------------- 653
Yugoslavian President Tito's funeral
services, U.S. delegation head ---- 827n.
Vice President's Task Force on Youth
Employment --------------------- 124
Vidal, David Jonathan --- —---------- 949
Vietnam, Soviet influence --- —------- 674
Vinson, Carl --- --------------- 468
Virgil ---------------------------- 208
Virgin Islands
Gasoline production, import conservation fee waiver --- —----- 593, 596, 598
Oil imports --- —----------------- 467
U.S. policy --- —----------------- 317
Virginia
Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 525
Metrorail system --- —------------ 14, 18
U.S. attorney --- —---------------- 269
U.S. district judges --- —---------- 654
Vision Week, Save Your --- —-------- 234
Volcker, Paul -------- 76, 574, 607, 892
Volkswagen of America --- —------ 706, 770
Volunteer Week, National --- —------- 695
Voss, Gordon --- —----------------- 303
Wachman, Marvin --- —--------- 874, 891n.
Wage and Price Stability, Council on
Anti-inflation efforts --- —------- 121,552
Deputy Adviser for Labor-Management ------------------------- 462
Members and adviser-members --- —- 967
Pay standards recommendations --- — 479
Quarterly report --- —------------- 645
Voluntary wage and price standards
compliance review --- —------ 581,707
Wage and Price Stability, Council on,
Director (R. Robert Russell)
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 24,
292, 374, 774
Oil companies wage and price compliance review --- —---------- 552, 721
Wages and prices
Energy price increases, effect on pay
structure ---------------------- 249
Federal civilian and military pay rates- 467,
468
Mandatory control
President's opposition to --- —---- 387,
389, 479, 485, 555,582, 725
Sen. Kennedy's position comparison
with President --- —-------- 737, 750
Military physicians --- —------- 456
Minimum wage increase --- —------- 115
Voluntary standards
Administration's update of standards --- 246, 479, 485, 497, 513, 517
Business and industry- 120, 247, 248, 581
Chemical industry --- —---------- 658
Fortune 500 companies --- —----- 453
Labor. See Anti-inflation accord
with administration under Labor
Mention ---------------------- 570
Mobil Oil Corp --- — 552, 581, 707, 776
Phillips Petroleum Co --- —------- 721
Real wage insurance proposal --- — 884
Wage increases for 1979 ---- 244, 248, 497
White House officials --- —--------- 571
Wahwassuck, Brigitte T --- —--------- 927
Waldheim, Kurt. See United Nations,
Secretary-General
Waldie, Jerome R --- —----------- 534, 537
Walgren, Repr. Doug --- —----------- 369
Walker, Wallace Earl --- —----------- 949
Wall, James M --- —---------------- 509
Wall, Mary Eleanor --- —------------- 273
Walsh, Jeremiah Thomas --- —---- 533, 564
Walsh, Julia M --- —---------------- 272
Ware, Keren K --- —---------------- 929
Warner-Lambert Co --- —--------- 552, 581
Warren, Robert Penn --- —---------- 752
Washington, George --- —------------ 556,
651, 856, 890, 924
Washington, Walter E --- —---------- 16
Washington
Democratic Party caucuses --- —---- 461
Disaster declaration --- —----------- 967
Mount St. Helens eruption. See Mount
St. Helens, Wash., eruption
President's visit --- —------- 950, 956, 967
U.S. district judge --- —----------- 894
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority ----------------------- 18
Washington Post --- —--------------- 728
Washington State Energy Facility Siting
and Evaluation Council --- —------- 99
Waste disposal, hazardous. See Hazardous
waste disposal
A-62
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Waste isolation pilot plant, Carlsbad, N.
Mex ------------------------ 298, 299
Waste Management, Interagency Review
Group on Radioactive --- —-------- 297
Waste Management, State Planning
Council on Radioactive --- —---- 297, 301
Water Act Amendments of 1978, Clean- 416
Water Resources Council --- —-------- 37
Water and waterways
Energy sources development --- —--- 586
Floodplain management --- —------- 37
Legislation ------ 159, 239, 275, 280, 417
Resources management --- —-------- 419
Southwest projects --- —----------- 88
Watson, Bernard C --- —-------------- 96
Watson, Jack H., Jr.
Cuban refugees assistance responsibilities -------------- 819, 834, 914, 932
Federal procurement policy monitoring --------------------------- 73
Meetings with the President (Digest)- 63,
267, 423, 825
News conference (Checklist) -------- 25
State and local governments, White
House liaison for --- —----------- 213
Watson, Thomas J., Jr --- —------ 11, 23, 25
Watt, Coral --- —------------------- 752
Watts, Glenn E --- —---------------- 823
Wayne, John --- —--------------- 502, 752
Weapons. See Arms and weapons systems
Weaver, A. Vernon, Jr. See Small Business Administration, Administrator
Webb, J. David --- —------------- 813, 826
Weddington, Sarah --- —------------- 833
Wegman, Richard A --- —------------ 264
Weiss, Paul A --- —---------------- 82n.
Weisskopf, Victor F --- —------------ 82n.
Weissman, Marvin --- —---------- 287, 293
Weizman, Ezer --- —---------------- 825
Weizmann Institute of Science --- —--- 646
Welfare system --- —--------- 118, 137, 910
Wellford, W. Harrison --- —---------- 25
Wells, James Lesene --- —------------ 602
Welty, Eudora --- —---------------- 752
Wesley, Charles H --- —-------------- 84
"West Side Story" cast, White House dinner ----------------------------- 291
West Virginia
Birch River --- —----------------- 433
Coal industry --- —---------------- 471
Western States, White House briefing for
community leaders (Digest) --- —--- 932
Westinghouse Broadcasting Co., Inc --- 733
Wexler, Anne --- —----------------- 217
Wharton, Clifton R., Jr --- —--------- 323
Wheat Agreement, International --- —-- 865
Wheat reserves --- —---------------— 162
Wheeler, Joseph C --- —---------- 427, 452
White, Charles --- —----------------- 602
White, George Washington --- —------- 564
White, John P --- —------ 292, 293, 607, 774
White, Linda D --- —--------------- 928
White, Robert E --- —--------------- 191
White House coal advisory council, proposed --------------------------- 473
White House Commission on Small Business -------------------------- 64, 916
White House Conference on Aging --- — 462,
534, 539, 621
White House Conference on Families — 224
White House Conference on Regulatory
Reform ------------------------- 57
White House Conference on Small Business
Opening session --- —----------- 68, 104
Preconference meeting with administration officials --- —------- 64 (Digest)
Purposes ---------------------- 74, 126
White House Fellows --- —-------- 948, 966
White House Fellowships, President's
Commission on --- —----------- 948, 949
White House staff
Advisor to the President on Inflation.
See Kahn, Alfred E.
Assistants to the President
Congressional Liaison. See Moore,
Frank B.
Domestic Affairs and Policy. See
Eizenstat, Stuart E.
Intergovernmental Affairs. See
Watson, Jack H., Jr.
Jordan, Hamilton. See Jordan,
Hamilton
McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr. See McDonald, Alonzo L., Jr.
National Security Affairs. See
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
Wexler, Anne --- —------------- 217
Counsel to the President. See Cutler,
Lloyd N.
Counsellors to the President on Aging- 534,
718
Deputy Assistants to the President
Intergovernmental Affairs --- —--- 492
National Security Affairs. See Aaron,
David L.
Deputy Counsel to the President- 104, 518
Deputy Press Secretaries to the President
Bario, Patricia Y. See Bario, Patricia
Y.
Granum, Rex --- —------------- 255
Press Secretary to the President. See
Powell, Jody
Senior Adviser to the President. See
Donovan, Hedley
Special Assistants to the President
Consumer Affairs --- —------- 281, 453
Ethnic Affairs --- —------------- 13
Martin, Louis E --- —----------- 908
A-63
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
White House Statements
Commission on European Communities, meeting with President Roy
Jenkins ----------------------- 189
Cuban refugee policy --- —------ 682, 914
Egypt, meeting with:
President Anwar al-Sadat --- —---- 623
Vice President Muhammad Husni
Mubarak ------------------- 99
Energy mobilization board legislation- 761
European Parliament, meeting with
President Simone Veil --- —------ 238
Federal Reserve System, credit controls moderation --- —----------- 961
Germany, Federal Republic of
Meetings with:
Bavarian Minister President Franz
Josef Strauss --- —---------- 470
Berlin Mayor Dietrich Stobbe_ — 644
Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich
Genscher ----------------- 189
Honduras, meeting with President
Policarpo Paz Garcia --- —------- 426
International Olympic Committee
President, meeting with --- —----- 929
Iran, rescue attempt for American
hostages in --- —--------------- 771
Israel, meeting with Prime Minister
Menahem Begin --- —----------- 700
Kenya, meeting with President Daniel
T. arap Moi --- —-------------- 354
Olympics, 1980 Summer — _ 305, 356, 560
Pakistan, meeting with Agha Shahi__ 67
President's Personal Emissary to India- 188
Spain, meetings with Prime Minister
Adolfo Suarez --- —------------- 82
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Iran, veto of economic sanctions
against --------------------- 79
Sakharov, Mr. and Mrs. Andrei,
internal exile of --- —------- 194, 357
United Nations commission of inquiry
on Iran --- —------------ — 356, 455
Virginia Democratic Party caucuses — 525
Water projects legislation --- —----- 275
West-to-east crude oil transportation
system ----------------------- 99
Windfall profits tax legislation --- —- 470
Whitman, Marina v.N --- —---------- 264
Wholesale Price Index. See Producer
Price Index
Wiesel, Elie --- —------------------- 823
Wild and Scenic Rivers System, National ----------------------- 323, 433
Wilderness and wildlife, Alaskan protection --------------------- 233, 234, 419
William O. Douglas Arctic Wildlife
Range, Alaska --- —------------ 416, 419
Williams, Henry --- —------------ 813, 826
Williams, Jerre S --- —------------ 654,720
Williams, Jim --- —----------- 41, 65, 703n.
Williams, Karen Hastie --- —------ 371,375
Williams, Susan K --- —------------- 929
Williams, Tennessee --- —------------ 752
Wilson, Carroll L --- —-------------- 930
Wilson, Theresa A --- —------------- 928
Wilson, Woodrow --- —----------- 222,324
Wilton, Conn ---- -------------- 893
Wilzig, Siggi --- —------------------ 823
Wind energy systems --- —----------- 586
Windfall profits tax. See Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act
Windfall Profits Tax, National Citizens'
Coalition for --- —---------------- 586
Wing, Michael H --- —-------------- 926
Wingreen, Ned S ---------- --- 926
Winship, Thomas --- —------------- 643n.
Winston, Ellen --- —---------------- 537
Winter, Gov. William F --- —--------- 422
Winter Olympics, 1980. See Olympics,
1980 Winter
Wisconsin
Democratic Party primary ------ 584, 724
White House briefing for civic and
community leaders --- —--------- 268
Wolff, Repr. Lester L --- —----------- 522
Womach, Emily H --- —------------- 272
Women
Administration's goals and accomplishments ------------------------ 140
Affirmative action programs --- —---- 115
Draft registration-_ 243, 289, 313, 333, 342
Employment ----------------- 123, 830
Equal rights amendment. See Equal
rights amendment
Judicial appointments --- —--------- 223
Organization representatives, meetings
with the President (Digest)- 268, 423, 774
Small business activities — 70, 77, 127, 128
Women, President's Advisory Committee
for --------------------------- 63, 814
Women Voters, League of --- —---- 589, 828
Women's Business Enterprise, Interagency Committee on --- —--------- 77
Women's Educational Programs, National Advisory Council on --- —--- 508
Women's History Week, National --- —- 412
Won Pat, Del. Antonio Borja --- —----- 318
Wood, Reginald Lightbourn --- —----- 775
Woodruff, Hale --- —---------------- 603
Woodruff, Judy --- —---------------- 107
Woods, Noah --- —----------------- 849
Woodson, G. Carter --- —------------ 85
Worcester, Mass --- —--------------- 935
World Bank --- —------------------- 941
World Coal Study --- —-------------- 930
World Food program, United Nations_ — 257
World Hunger, Presidential Commission
on --------------------------- 777
World Trade Week (Proc. 4722) ------ 322
Wright, Repr. Jim --- —---------- 275,825
Wyatt, Addie --- —------------------ 264
Yaguina Head Outstanding Natural
Area, Oreg --- —----------------- 433
Yamashita, Satsuki ----------------- 929
A-64
Administration of Jimmy Carter, 1980
Yarnall, D. Robert, Jr --- —----- 867, 874n.
Yates, Repr. Sidney R --- —-------- 318, 823
Yazurlo, John C --- —--------------- 841
Yokota, Shari H --- —--------------- 928
York, E. T --- —---------------- 323, 628
York, Pa --- —---------------------- 824
Young, Andrew J.
Mentions ----------------------- 538
Third World nations, relationship
with -------------------------- 224
Zimbabwe independence ceremonies,
U.S. delegation cochairman --- —-- 719
Young, Coleman --- —--------------- 27
Young, Jean C --- —----------------- 752
Young, Repr. Robert A ----_ --- —---- 492
Youth act of 1980, proposed --- —----- 815
Youth Employment, Vice President's
Task Force on --- —------------ 124, 815
Yugoslavia
Ambassador to U.S --- —----------- 892
President Lazar Kolisevski --- —----- 827
Yugoslavia-Continued
President Josip Broz Tito --- —--- 315, 827
U.S. policy --- —-------------- 315, 827
Zaire, relationship with France --- —--- 679
Zariski, Daniel A --- —-------------- 927
Zawawi, Qais Abdul Munim Al --- —-- 452
Zborowski, Eli --- —----------------- 823
Zeferetti, Repr. Leo C --- —---------- 451
Zemel, Richard S --- —-------------- 928
Zerbe, John A --- —----------------- 928
Zero-based budgeting --- —----------- 115
Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammad --- —-------- 34, 40
Zigler, Edward --- —---------------- 193
Zimbabwe
Conflict settlement-_355, 541, 679, 807, 870
Elections ----------------------- 355
Independence ceremonies, U.S. delegation cochairmen --- —----------- 719
Trade with U.S --- —------ 401,430,550
U.S. Ambassador --- —-------- 717, 720
U.S. relations --- —--------------- 891
A-65
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