1 O H EC~~ GENESEE COUNTY-,-MICHIGAN,.,AýLVýA.H,..B-RA:IýNEBRD,, -GLOBE. POWER PRESSES. OLIqT." MCTIJ.ý --.,,.., j.,,ý,.':tý -ý7, - -. k - -., -. ý. ý"ý*l ':jý ", ý, ' "ýý''.ý,L;,,:,,:,ý,-,ý -,,ý,- --, I I,ýý.. - ý `ýý%ý " - -5"''-- -, -- -, -, I. I,,ý,-' -,, ýý.,f,;,ý"; 5 ý ý.;.-- - " * -- -ý7 - z -" '. --.., -,,ý.ý,;. ý ý '., - -ý - - -,-. ý, --",,;i - -'t -,, 'ý'ýltq, ',.-l-l-l-'ý --, --,-- L. -,,,. - ---ý,- i,`,ý - -,ý;.--, -. -,:' -`zý -,,ý.-,ý"* ýý,'. -,-'-ý-'z -7W-l -ý 'Z,?"ý ýý Zý-77 -, I. -,, --ýý:,-,'.,ý,,';,',- _,., -,., -;'i -.. I,ý,. ý,"....';-,-.-, --- ------- - %,ý - ý., -. tý- -- - -- -, - - -, -ý,ý;ýý.;ý;-, ýp 777,ý-7777 ".7.,ý I.,, -.,,-!ý,ý-4-., "ýý7 - ý - - I- I - I, -:. -i,, ý,;,, ý.,,ý T- ":, ý,,.. ", -, -,,,, * '. ",-,:,-,;ý ':'ýk, ý,-,,ýj--:ý, ýý:ý,.:' ý - - -, -, I,, I ý -.4" 1 1-, -.z 1. ýý ý -,.- - - - ýýP,ý;,-,-"-,,-- ýý -,.,Z-ý,.Vi-.IL.lýý',ý-I&ýý.F.-,ý,;ýý,:ý;,.:,O:,- ý.I- I I- - r.... ý -,- -,,.,,,,1- -;!ýý-, -,-ý -.-; -t.-ýýZ ý -- 4ý--ýý,,-,ý';'.-:ý,,-ý-'ý.ý,,ý-,ý,ý,,-ý,.,.Aýý,-ts: ýý",ý,"-,.. ý tl -: -.. - I..,..... I I -,.,:,ý-,-ý:,ý---, ý, ---ý - ý ---,-,,z,ýý,---,ýý.,,ý,ý, J, A,ý ý -... - -,,,, -ý,-; l-,-,-".*,ý_ Wý "4tý- -ýý -A:ý,,ý, -, -W -,,,- -;ýýV, ý,,ýý;ý--,,;Qý;,- ýý.ýý4----:i -- -, ý.--"-" -,".- ý- - " - - - -, -aý -, - ý, ý0, - -, - -- ý - - ý- - -. I, I " I.., ý. - ý I.1 ý:, I - ý ". I, -:ý,- --- "."'ji, ---'ýý,".,,j -ý77-11ý-,..,;,f--,,ýý,!,ý,,ý,ý, -.ý,, --ý - Z.ý, -. -' V. -.- - ý- --.- I -.1.. - -,, -. - ':, - -.-,ý - - - S., --`ý I,,.ý - -.: ý.ý.jý.: - ý -.,,ý,, " -*,, ", ",: ý,,.:ý, -,, I,,,I-. " ý I -, - " -., * --ýý.,: A -,--,:,ý--ý' -.,. I. -- -., t"'ý- ý' -;;ý- ý.. ',.- 11., I ý - I I,. ý:',ý. 1 ý,,ý. --,,,,- _. 'ýýý,.---týýý,,ý-%ý.-,.> ",ýpizýý,,ýýýý,-,:-ýý.,-,ý,,, -", -"..-.: 11.ý,. - ý!ýý -,ý- ýý 4- li-ýR -1ý7 ý-, --ý_11,5, -,.!ý,,ý,f -.- - t K,,, -.ýf -- - - ý ý- - - I -. -. ýý,,,-----,!.,ýl.', '14 'ý:ý, -.- - -1-1.,`ý,ý.ýý,-, -.1"", - --l' -.,7-,. - - - '- - I -,-!.ý'-- " - '',ý ý - ".. -. - -,i ýt ý. - -, ý,M ý,,Jý-. - - - - -i. --- -ýý ', -. _,- -,-ý, ý -,.1. ý - - - -, -, ': ',ý -ý ýý.ý- -1. - -,;ý -ý-ý,:.%,.,,,... -. - - -;4. ý ý. ý ý'. ýý,,,,,,ý.!.;, e;l,-ý. 'ýý -..,.1..,,, ý,ý -,ý,ý,,ý', "Z-,.--,,ý'if.,ýý-P,:"ý,--ýý--...-.-",. I I,ý - ý - I. _ - - I I I,ý,. - ". ý '' -,,ý,.,,.,,,?,-ý,fj-,;,!ý- -'ý.i - w- ý,. I. ý ý.-, I.:,.ý;, %., - -:.., -.ý*ý,. -',ý 1, Z-ý- --.:-Z. -, -., -,..;."..ý..'ý,, v, -ý, -.,G ý ".- '.-*,ý;ýýrllý:Z.";', '..1..:. I ý, ý,, ýý; -f: ý,.,-'-,',-ý"",, - -, ý, ": - -'ý ý,]iOl ". "-,,-., -,.ý.:21 -.,_- --v,,*,ý A - - ý -,-",, ". - - -.! ýVýý " ýý ý,,, ý,ýý -ý,;,%,,, ý, -- -, -.-'l-, "!, -ý-;;:-l,,ý-,: -.. ý.",ý:- I,, ý I,:ý17ý,- --,%ý ý,-ý ýý -,ý,- ý -ý: '' - - -..,-. - - -,. -, - -, ý--- - 'ý-' - -'..- -,, " - -. - -., - -, lQ -:ý, ý - ". ý:.,,.., -7 - -% ", ý fý, v _:ý -ý-,,ý,ý -', ý -,it,- -,,výý:ýZ,- -,-:,Iýý,,49ý4ýýIýý,-,ý,., - -4.".ýý' ý:; ý;., -.'ý' - -,,ýý. I. - I - -- I - -, I --.;1ý1'--'.ý,,., ",_ ý.:ý,_ ý";;ýr ý';. " pk,.,ý,--',ý,!:,ý,!',-' ý-.'ýi,-ý,,ý%ýý-,ý,-:,, %-ý 1. -.,:., -,: -.-. ý: ý -,-ýý,::;-".":::;ý,.-,ýý^,",.,'.ý'.ý,-,ýý"ý-ýý,,ý,.,,ýr".-".ý',,ý,ýý-,.!",f".,-ý,,ý- --,,ýý,.11 - '.. ý ý,.p', ý1;-ý;ý-, -- 'ý " "k r.,.,, -, ", - -,ý " " -, - - -U,ý_ --,,..:- 'L'', "ý.. ýý--..ý.,.,,',-ýýtli4,ý";")ý,,,,ý,-.;ýtk%ý;,ýlýi,ý,-eý.--.,-r,-.ýýý.-'ý,,-ý,-;,.-,Z'ý,ý,--".,.-"."- rt,,. - I 1. I - x ýý -, ý -, - -,,,, '-lw -I;, tý:;" -r-.;.ýý-'ý': ", I z,,,,., ý, -,.,....,-", -:ý-ý - I. - -,, -:ý ý;., ý,, - - - ", ý rý,.,-., " ý I, I ý,ý,:,,. - - ý,,;,ý;,- ý., - -, ",- '"', ý, -- --l.,.,'ý'-- - -.).. -,;?..,!, ý, +,. '!ýiý-..1".1,:" -1.., ý.1 I, I ý,,, I. ", -.,. ý,,, - -, "'; -?.,ý-.-,',; -.I,;,',, Z ý, - --V,', -,,--,- -, ýýi ý, I.,ý -, I., I, - -".. 1; -. ý I - I - ý - -,.. r - - - - I ýý-ý.- ý, - -ý -,, - " *,, - -.:ýý " - N '.,.* -",:ý, ",. - - " ý - I - 1-1 ý - I ý. I I.- -ý,.., 'ný 1ý1 -,ýý4 "', L -, *.7-,ý,- ý- -.',,ý',; ý. - I - ý -., I'll. T... -1 - - 4 - I. - - I - -1:1 ý- - ý,,., -,. I ý', I. -: - -, 7.!,--:ý.:. X - i-i,. i,,ý.,,-ý-,,3ý,,wl., -ý,,,,ý,,ý,,-ýZrýý,'-<.ý. -, I ý;,.",,, -.1", ".",. ýý..ýll i ---,,".1-1, - - ý- -,---ý! "I" ý,-"--ý-,--.' "I, ý'11'1,71ý-,,'ýLl:ýý-,:.ý,...:,. -. ý -7ý1 -1, - - - - -.- - I '.,:, ý, ý ý -:ý.,, I,, -., ý.. ý, ý, ý ý ý ýý '..,,...,, ", ý' - ':,,, " - ý, - -!, - ý- I -wý, ý, - -4, " --,_..1 z,,,,.ý 1- I -I "' " -. ý',.,,,,,,,-,, I, A.,-;-.111- - - -1.,,,ý. ý,ý;, I 1.. I, ý, -. I ý 'ý: 'ý,, Z,. ýý,ý,,.,' _-, -.ý:,, ý, -,ý ---.,..,, I, ', ý ý ý,., I -,ý,, - ý, ýý ýý..51,,. ý:, --,., ý - = ý I -, ý,ý,ý',..' Z,;.,: ý - ý ",.... - -v-,_: _ ý __ý_:ý I. - ý I,, - I,,,_. ý, " I ý, '., ý".,.,,,ý,ý -,, ý- - ý,, ý..' - ýe ' -,ý-." ý ý -, ý, - -.,,,:- --- -,, ý. -. ý,ý, - - ýýqý.,!'.,,ý' _,,,, -, ý ý, - -, ý,;ý,ý, _ _4, ý-. -, -, *. I. -,ull - I --,ýX -1 - * ý - ',ý;,ý? ',ý, ' ',,., 1.:. -, ý: -.- ý -, týý,,,. - ý ý,,.... ýý ", - %*ti ý- 4- 1 ý,ý ýý.,. I. j-,: %, --% '.., I I ý, - ýý *ý,, - I.. I I ý ý. _,, -, I I ý - ý -,, ý, I. I I ý, ý, ý', -:, ýý;ý-,cý ýý;-!--,-ý - -ý:-,.- mý,..,,.. ýt,,.1 I. ý. ý% -, -:, -, -:. ': - ý-, -. - 1ý-v,ý.",ý:-.., -,..: -,ý-', '- -,- -, --,,,. -" I:: I. I ý:ýý -- ý I I ", I ý. I -.1. I. - ý, ý " - --I- 'ýý " *1 -.ýký " -ýý--Zý - -. -- ",, *.. - - - ý. ý I. ý;, ý,..1 I... -. I, - -, ý - - ý, -,,ý I,, P:,ý, " ý: ",;,-ý ý4 ý.:. ýý,,wýý',ý' ýý-,ýý".:-,ý'ýz.ý7:.":..ý---ý. ý-_ -- -. " ý- I.rý,,. ý- - - -, ý' I,. ý -,ý- l,-'ý_-',ý,:,:-,-:! -ý - -, -,,,:_ 11*i"..::ý1,-.Zý11'-,ý,- -, 11--", ý' 'Y',-"-";,:-"ý,,,-'-ý ý- -,, " - " ý,! " ý--, I- ý-:ý.1. I.. - I. -ý I: - ý ý. I. - -, ý. ý ý I, I I ý ý I I, -*";ý- '. - ý,---,ýr L IS e4, - 'j- -.-,-.,ýý,."'.- ý I. I ** 11 I -. - ý I. 11. - -,,, --......, -.ý, - -:'. ý " ý I I. 1, ý;.ý I - - ýýF:;---,"ý,,- 'ý,, -ý`, ý,ý^'ýd!..- -. I -,'ý,.-- I ýý, I. I -,,,, - -,:ý*,:, ý: ý,,,,ý,.. ý,. ý;-..- -ý, ý -, ý -:ýý,ýý,..ýý,,'t,,ý',ý,':,,,.. - ý,. - ý;, -,.,, -, ý. - %, ý"..,; -,- -." -,,ýý,:ýý -ý- ".. -- --, - "I", ý.,,,,, - -. -tý%,ý. ý,.. ýý,ý..-:,,. -- -. -...... fý, ý ", ý ý.:, ý ý:,,,ý- --, -, ý',, -,,,:, ý:, I,::,, i, - - -, -,,, - - I -, ý - ý -,. I,.. - I ý. -,.:;,-. - - - -,,; ý! ý'.,'ý;; ý.ý.',,,ý,,,: y, 'ý',ýý.. ýý,,.ýr, -, ý ý, I c, I - -,, ý I:, - ý I ý ý, ý ý ý I'ý- ýý ý; -.:ý ý " " -..:, ý -,,ý ý I.,,,-ý.ý, -:5.,... I I I ý: ý.- - """,ý-,.",,'-,ý, - '., -; -, -ýl,',-,,j-','--;"-----ý,ý ý: ý,..;1', I I I. I I I, I,:,, I I - -.. -- -,.,ý 3,,:.,. ý, ý,,, ý,. - ý I I. ". ý -, ý.. ý-, -, ". ý. ý, ': ý - I,ýý " ý -, ý"-....,, " _ -,;v, - - " ý,. I - I - 1. '- ", -, i. - ý ý. I.": - I 1, llý I.. I, I. I: I -,ý: -,;- 1ý, r 1. ý - I I ý I, I ýý -,, - ` ",..ý,,ý,,,,',*. 4-- -,ý,,:.ý,,,-2,': -,YT--`.t'--';,ý:;:,,,. 'ý;.., ý,. ý. ". -- I. I I I ý I, - I I ",.- ý ';, -., ", '-,, -,, - ",, "' ", 1. - -,, ", - --.. ý I. ý, ý - I I, 'I, ý, -ý:,ý,,ý -ý- li,, -, -,,.: - ý ý.ý - - - ý,,,,- - - -,... 11 -, -. I I I I.1. I ý,;*. -1. I. ý - I I 11 1, I I ý,ý,,.,. I. 1,, -, - - ý, ýý - -,, t - ý "- "..".-,ý, ý:,;,,: ý, - -, - - -- -.,.::.ý 1, <i l'Z' 4,ý' -, I - I - - - - * I -:ý--. - -, ý ý ý ý -,: -, -. " ý. - - - ý-,,.., d.,.,,. ý.::: -ý,:' " - ý-: ý. I - - ý I I. I ý., ý ýý5A, Zý ý!ý!ý',ý,,ý.!?,;I.'ýý,ý:i, -ý-1.,, I,, -, ý 1, -,. I. I - I "ý- - ý ",,, - %. I I I. d..ý.., ý,,,--..ý, ý,.." - - I ".", iw I-, -,;ý: ý:; '-,,',:k!",i"ý-`-` 1, -, I;. I -., ý. ý ý.. I - -, ý - "': ý ", - 1, ý ý:ý, ýý ý -,, -:,_, - ý --,ýý..,. ý I.. ý.:...,- ". - I. I, - - I I. I., ý, ý - I; ".,,., ý. ý!,ýý,ý- --, ";, ",- -f. - - ý ". I - I I ý I - ý I.. ý...... - I,,:,,,, -. -,. ýý, -,;.- i,!,.:, - ý: -,, ý - I I I I I.,ý,. - I I,ý. f-!.---,;- - - ý' ý. I;.. I: I ý --, ý,,.,ýý -. ". -,ý.. ':. -, - I, *ý ý '. -, - -,. I -.". ý. ý I ý':,,,:,- - ý I I -,,. ý: I I I -ý, - '., ", ",. 44. -. - ý,..., ý: I ý w ý - ':,. -.ý.,, I,:, ý -- -,, ý ý--, ý ý, ý-, - -,-', --,,ý " 'r;.:'- -ti..? A -,ýý -,ýý -ý - - ý:ý.,, ý - - I 1. - ý,. - 'ý. 11 - ý ":, ý `:ý;` - -.4,. -,1.,,.,. ý. 1,. ",:ý,,, - -.-,ýý,ý,ý '. ý.,,. -.-.... I - -111 I ý,;, -, ý,,:,,, I.ý ý,,.. -- --.. '-, L- ý i -, -,ýý--,,,ýý-ý`,`.ý,ý ", ý*,','.,,,'I'-ý ",-,"L,"' ' - - ý.. - ý ý, ý. ý z:_ ý,ý, -,ý,.':.ý7,, ",-,: - ý - ý, I. -ý ý -,ý. -..,:. -:.,, -ý.,, ý,. I, ý' I ý,, - -,, ", ", I, - -:ý ý,.,, o 1,:". - I,-- - ý - - Z`ý, ":"ý,,',;ý.',ý,k'ý:-,-,ýý,.T,,ýý,,- - -, - - I, I ý I; I.. I 1, -. ý., I.-,ý, ý, -, I ý I ý,,,.-:,;:, -.-lý,c,ýf.;-,,. I,, -:1 - - ý ý,., ý.ýý'.'ý,ý, ",-ý L" ý' -..-' ". - "' IN'. ',iýý`ý` " ýý * " 'ýý, -,". ý -, ý,.,, 1, ý, ý, "o, -11, ý ý,- ý,- -. ý,: ý,ý ý I.,., -,,,.. - I I I, -,_:!,J ý,ý!.ýý.-ý,, - I..1 ý.. - I ý ýý, I:, ý I I. I -1 I - e - I, - - 1.111, I I,:,.,.,, ý,; - -, ý,ý,- -ý -,-, - 1 1.1i ': I I, I I, ý,..,:1, I I ý ý -,, -. - ý ý I.,,ý I,. I, - --,,,,,,,ý V,:... -.1,:ý:!ý,;-`ý I - 'ý. -,,,,,- -,ý,ý; -, --.. -., I,. - - -. -.,,ý I ý, --I. I "I I - j -. " - I, - - -,,ýlll,,-: - -f,-',ývýý, -ýý ý,ýý -?s -12'-.. -, I I..: ý ý: I I I I. ý ý,. - L ý., -,:', ý!ý..,- ý-,--:,,ýý,,.t, -ý', '::!.'ý,.,,.... I,, ý. ý " " I -. I. ý.,., -,, --- t:, "." ý: I.. lliý ý,-:-4iý--.p, -,,,,. - - - I ý --, I 1, - 1. I. I... I I ], I ý, ý.., ý 1, '. ý. -1 1. -.., 1, I - ý, -, -,. I -r.. -,.. I.. I ý I -,.ý-,ý 'ý ý ",.", - ý:,ý-,ý - -.,,ý, " --",."-" -ý -, ý:. I I -, ý I L.:_ I - I I,. I ý- I I I ý I..-.,,:, -, 11 I -, - ý..-,.",.'-",, -,: ", ý 4... I ý - I- ", ý.., -.-,.,ý-,,--, -: I,,,,. - - -1 -,, - I.. -. I -. 1,. I -:,,., - - ý ý I - I, I I 'I. I - -. I, ý - ý ý I ý -., ý,,, - 1- "; -, ý,.'!.'-ý.; 2,,-,: 'ý.. I.. -, I I -. -... I - I. I I.. ý - 1. ý. ý I -. ", lr.,,, ý,.,.,,,-.1 - *.. ý-ý ý,- --,-ý,,.ý " ý; ý,. ý ý -. ý-,: ". ",,:ý. ý,ý. 1.. -... 1- I I ý -, *, - I. I I I ý - I I.,. ý,-.,ýý,ý I-, -,, - ý. -,,. I..11' ý. ý.. I..,. - ý,ý. I. - I - ý,.1 I I. I ýý - -,,ý, -,, ý -.ý-,ý *ý' "I"... -, I, I.. - I...,-,:..: ",.ý.ý:--ý-.1 - - 1.:, - - f,.. ý.. I.. I ý I I. - I..- - ý -,:,,,, I,.,,,ý,,- ýý -ý,N,,ý;:-.ý,.. -1: ý, I,, - I, - - ýý-.. I I - I - I ý.- ý I., I.1 I t':." -1 --l" ---ý- ý'. -ýý - I I I I I I ý I,, -,*." I -.. ý I,.,,ýý---:"ýý ý --, 1:-,".. ý ýý I,." ý ý: - 4,ý:,:. - -.:... ýý,. -,, I ý, T,,,ý- ' -ý. -1. 11 - I *. I. I. I I -.....1. -,.... -,., -., - 1., ý 1, ý,,, -.,ý ý,,,,' -,.. ý, ý,,., 1 ý7 - 1.. I I...,. ý.,.., I.ý,,:,i.ý-, ý, ý:1ý ý, ýL.,,, I.:,,,, I ý -.: ",,,,:;,. -,,ýý.- ý *,, --', --:. - ý. ' -, ý. I I I.:;', ý " -, '- ý,",- " ",: ý, -, - 11 ý,,, ý,,,,,,,,,, ý -,.,.,,-,ý- ý, ý-,,, ý-- I " - ",,,,: ý. ý, 'ýý, ý' ý ý -,,., - I 'ý, -- --., ý!-,ýý'ý " I. - I--, - 11 ý. -. I - ý I ý, ý ý,.. ':. I '',.ý:,_ - ' I.. " I,-,.. - I...:,ý,ý--111:,.,. I I ý 1: " - ý: -:, ".,,-,.1. ý -ý.,ý-. - ý-i',, -ý-ý,, I,ý ý; -', ".,. ý, ý. - - ý. I ý I ý ý -. I I. -.. I ý, "I %, 1.., I. ý, I ',, 'I '; ý -,, ý I,.--,,,, ll',ýý-,--, ý ý- ý,-,,,.ý,.._ ý, --,.- ý -, I I I ý,,,*, ý-. ý ý -, I -, " - 1.;."". t2ý - x,,,,.. ý ý, -..,ý * -1,..,,, I., ý,, - L -, I L, I I, ",. - - " ý..... " I I -. I,,.,,,:ý., I.ý I, I,, ý, I.. -,. -. 1%,,.. -1.,,,, ý I I I I: I, ý,,,,:........,,. ýý,.,: v,. - ý ý, -- " %ý ý I ý - " I.,....:.. -ý,, I ý I I ý.- ý,. - -.,,,... I: 1. I - I,., ý - ". d... ýl. *11, I -,:_, I...:.. I. I I, I I - -, ý,- - ý -,- - -, -%:,ý -,, - - ^;.., -.. ý.., - I I ý ý,,,,,.,ý,,'ý --'-:;.',!,.-. -,, L, * I,, I -. ý,ý.,,. I ý I I I -, -- " - - -ý-, -. --,ýý,.*" - I -. I ý I., -1. ý I -. -,.., ý ". -, - - - - - -. ý ý ", ý, -.., ý -:. "..., ý "I I - o - ý.. -... --.1.ý I I I -11:,, - -- -. I -,,-.,,, - ý, I:f -, -, -,.,,.. ".", -1. I.. -,..1 ý,, ý. --.: - -, -.-' ý - I I.,,, -. ý - ý ý,., -. -:. -,. -,. ý!. - '. I. - -1,,:ý ý,,, I.. ý',ý I I I,,ý, - ý:ý -ý:',., ý 1,. - - ý,, ý. ý, ". I:ýý -- - ý,, I ý, - I. - -.,:,... I ý - -:ý, -.., - ý.... I 7, i.,..,:.,.!ý -., ý ý ý.v% - - - ý, - t I "I..",,,..ý', -, ý:, - -,, ",, ý,:, _-: ý., w -:... -.., I I -. I 1 - ý ý. - - I ý - I ý. I -, -. I I,, I,. ý. ý.,. - - ý I - - -. -,-., --- ---,---.-,.-- -. 'L -, -, - - -.,,, ý - -, -, - ý.1, ý.., ý 1. ý, I, I I I ý,.L 1.,, ý - I ý'.. ý ý,;L---- I.. ---- --:- -, - - -ý- - ý ", ------ý- - - ý ý.- ý-,, ý,ý'- I ý-.:::,ý,, ýý ý ý:ý,ý,, ý ý,,.,,. ý ý,, ý.,-,ý'. I.,,.,. 1, I;,. ý I ý ý,.'ý,:::! ýý ý " I. ý I I ý: -- - -, - -- -, - -----L I.,,.,'::ý ", ",, I i, ý,, ý ý - -" 4:... ý. 1 I I ý. I I I, -.,.,: - -I'- ý I -,ý." - I ý... -, - ý:... ýý, - ý, ",.:ý1.7 i w, ý,,: * ý,,, ý, ''.. -,., ý ý - -ý.ý I ý. I. ý I:,,ý.ý.;: I ý. ý ý ý, " - ý:.ý,, ý., I d.., -:ý,, ",, ý..ý, ý.. I I. ý,. I, ýýr... L.. ý. 1ý " ý 1.: -, ý 11 I - -:. 7. ý..Z,.. -. ý...,,,. I.. ý 1. ý I ý ý I: 1:. I-, ý: I I I I 1ý -,.,- I I I I I. I:. '.. I ý.,,, ý -, I, ý -,. - - - I., - -::.. -.. I I. ý I.: ý. --,, e." - -. ý,.: - I I I ýý,,.:,,, 11 ý,ý ý- ý.:::: I,., -- -... - I * -., 1,,,, I -., -, - -,. ý.: p. - I ý.. ý.,,. - ý:ý;.."',"'."',,. -,.1 '. ý- -, -, I ",, I - I, - ý., ý ý -.,. ý, -:::ý ý, -, ý e::,.,.. ý:,,,ý,-, ': - -, " ý ý.ý -,.,.-,,, ". I - "::1: ý ý., ý, ý ý. - ý.,.-... I,..., ý., I I.. -..,-.1::, I I 1. ý I,.. " ý, I - I I..,ý. ý.. - ý.. I. ý:ý -- ý,.". ": - -. - ý ". ý: ý -. ý: I..- - ý ý.: ý, i I I I:- ". -,. 11..,. ý, ý,,,.. I ý I:, '. ",:1, ý I-, - I;. I ý.1 I, - - -,.. I.1 - -,, ý,, ý, - - -:. I '-',, - I, '! 1. I,:.,-.; ý ý.,:.. ý, ý...,,. - ý ý. ý:..,,. ý. - ý ý.. I. I. I. I ý1ý. I. I ý,.. "..,.ý - ý -,,,,, ý ý-':ýý.., ", ý- ý- ý ý.,.., -!: - ý ý., ý;:ý. i ý. I ý -.,.. I I -. I. I;.. ý.. I, I + I ý --7,, ý,. I. I,.. -. I..,, - - ý,:ý.ý '. ý - I... - " ýý 7,,: ý-,::ý,,ý, 1: -',! ý..:, 7 1. I - I: - -.,.... I. ý.,: ý ýý', I -. ý, ý ý. -. I.. I, - - -...,.-, ý.,.,, " ý, ";,-- ' ý-!, --:'ý, -, -. It I I, `ý. ý ý: ý -.,,ý '-ý - I,:.1 '.. f ý -,,-. - *, " *,, * -ýý-."-.ý:ý,, '.. licý,-ý':j,, 'iý,.-.,ý -:, ",.1 11. I. - I I ý.,I, ý; -.-;- ' *,,,. - ". -.., ý ýý:.. ý ý- - 7 ý., ý ý,:,, I ý,. I,- - ý. ý " -,, -,:: ýr.4?., ý"; '. -.1 A U.-.'.,, ýA' ' O ) ". *.'. -.. -%",-. ý. ý..,.., ", ý. ý. I I ýi - ý.:ý 1 - ý, -.., ý., -... -,ý "....!,, -,,`ý,.".--3, - 11 I I ý. -ý--- ý -. ý, I -', I; 1. I "-... i-. I I, - - -,,,ýý.1 I.. -.", li'. I;..,-. u. I,." ".,.:;. -:,, I.. ý, -,. ý: ý. 1. -...., - 4. ý(, ý.fl... -, - -:.. - -. - I ý -ý.. I I....,......; ýN*,ýý ý- -,..1. - ý -.ý, - ý,.., I,-,,, ý. 1,, -:.,::.... ",ý, ý ý i I ý.,., A-7,,;. t'.. -ý.",,, " ý.,,-,ý;-, -, i... - -, I - -..,.. - ý: ý, I.",ý,..:. -...... r. I jý " ý... 1::1,, I ý I I ý I., I. - -. ý.. ý.') ý.,. *',:ý.,, ý.,.1... ý:...:..,,, - I -,....,,n.11., L:.I,: I I 7-:..,,,.,. 11 ý ý,,.,,,. ý,ý.ý'. I I -,:,:-" 11,rl 1.. - ýý I.,.:.., I., ý, ".. I ý! ý ý ý:..'ý' 7 L:' - '. ý,: - ý. ý, ':ý' I '. 't,ý:!ý,ý; - ý.. ý.,.,., "I 'L -.. - ý, ý,::,.... (: ý, --,ý,.;., -,ý.... _-: I.. I. ý '. -.": ý I ''. I:';I,- 11,.; ý'; ý ý ý ý 'ý' - - ý. I ý.-::,, - I,...,; '. -, - I.. '. - - - I. ý I. I I " ý ý I. - I I - ý ý -,.::, ý ".". ý. - ",..,:,,:, ý ý -:, 1 1 - I I Ir ý -, '., " ý-.ý. I. -, " --ý ý:. - ý., I. - ý, - ý- '..., I. I I I I I -ý- - -.. ý, -.. ý,. -:.,,,:7:ý: -,, -. - - ýý,. ý ý...",. ".. - " -, ý ý - I I.,.. 4-ý t-c" oixk. '.4-, - - --'ý'. I ý'- I - 1-f- ý I ";. ý.. ý.,, ý. I r. I.. -..,.. Z. ý: ý.,-,,,ý- v -..1.... - -1.. - ý, - I.. "I ý ýý I ý Jll- - - I I I I I I I..1 -;,.. " -1-1. r',:I I I: -. I, '.. I.... - -:,. -.1.ý.....,ý-:-.,ý " - ý,- ý, ý --...... ý, %,,',, I... I I ý!,: - '., ý'.;,. I,: "",.,,:, --. ý - -... ý ý. ý. I - ý, -, ý - 1;...:7.. I -,,:,.,,. -:' ýl ý, -:,. I ý.. I ý,ý,1% " ýý 'ý,,, I,.: - ý. I, q ý,.: ý -,,.ý,,, ý'. ý_ ý. I ý 4 - i -:.ý,,-,ý ", --- I i *.:., "'!,,,.,: ý ', ý, I ý ý, ý. %ý',, I I I I I ". ý ý! - I 11. 1ý -.- ", -,',----",.,,-,:ý ý ý --ý", -:, -: I. -.,. ". ý, - ý -, t:,., I:. I I I,. ý - -...,, -, i; ý. -. ý ý.. I ý. I '';,:z, '- - ýi.:. - ý ý -,ý ý ý:,;! I:A,ý i..:,,, ". j.'- ý,.,*,:.. I. - -. ý,... - ". ý. I...17: *, - '.,,., *.': I.. ý. ý. ý: I, -.ý 4 ''...1.. ý, --. ý` ý I - ý.. ý... I,::,,ý, ý I,% '.. ý I...,.ý ý:-, ýý -,. ý: - - ý, - ý -.. - ý:- l" 11 ý.. 11.... "' ý.-: -.o ý. ýý, ý- - I I ý ý, ýý,., - ý I I., ý... I I,, ý:-ý -:,;ý. ", ý.: i,....: -, ý. ý I. -ý. I,." I..,. - 1..., - ý ý% i ý.,,. "... ý I ý 'ý S, I I -. - ý.,. ý:;..,.,, ý I ý. I I - I '.. ý I. ý I...I -1,, -- ti I iý i! fil ý I -.,,,., - ý - -;,., - I.. I.., ) I lj ýý]; [,:I r jr I P -. il I. ý. ý, I -:.,.. 1. ý. I -, '-ý' ý!i i!T1010 f;!r` El I 11. I ý I,., ý I ý.ý. ý.,-ý, I \. 1 W 1 1:1 '!I,' ý. ý. I:;:., -,. -- - -.,.., ý-,. "I.,-. I ý ý. ýýJjl,: " I, Rol!i I "I ý ý,. - "I 11. I,,:. -1,. -." I - -. - - I U,. - I,,.,,.., I I ý I.ý ý. '. ý '. I, - " - -ý - "o ý... ý *ý!." " I;,., ý.::,. I. 'I, P ý ý ý i ý -,, I." ý,...,; I... -...... W. -. "I ý, "., ý ý.ý., 1. ''. ý - ý ý.ý,ý... I I,-: ý ý, i: - I ý I -. ý.. I - -..,. 1. ý',.ý.,. - I 1. %:: 1,, ý:,. ý.: ý ýý.,;,ý,,,!",,. ý I... ý:::,. ': ý a - - - - I.. ý. ý, ý - - -- --:, - ý." - - I I I. - I 1 ý ý'. ýý. - % ý 1. ý I ý ý I. ý... 1ý;V, - -. I "' I ý:ý I ý-.. - -. - I, ý I.. I. - " - -ýý ýý. "':.: -.... - - - v xýi,, I, ": -,ý:. - I,: ý '.. " 1, I,:,,,. '- - -ý I, ý'. I ", ý - ",.ý. e 0 ý J,.. I., - I I; ý:,, -: - -,,:: ý ý.:,, ýf..... *.: ý IL - "': 11, - ý.:.. _ 'I.,,.ý,, I..,ý%, ct\, I I.,.1.ý:,, - I, I I -. I,..1 - -,--:,ýý. --K V.ý- -.'.',,,, I I. ý ý: -,... ý. -' I,.. I... I. I..,.ý. 1, I.- -..1. - - 4... I., I. ý I -. -, - - I,ý. I ý, I,..,. -,,.1 llýý'ýý 4 ý,:ý,, 1... -;,. "., I.....: \, * " \_-, - -.-. I I. ". ý -. I,:.! -t "-: ýý".,. - ý,,,,,,.., '. il, -.ýA I - \- ". 1,,,,,, I... ý... -f,-t., " - No ý,;ý.'ýý.; -, ý - -':.-,. 4 ý-,.. ý, ý'. - I -, - ý,';., - '14ý ýý - I -,--.!. _- - ý ý. - - t,.,ý. "..,,;ý. ý -, ý. ý r.."..,, 'ý' *ý.,ý. ý... ýe -ý-, - --ýC'ý. i..ý 1%, -1: I -., ",.,. W, Ir -,. I.. ý I: 1,,;l. ". -... ý ý.: 11 V -. -ýý--.. ý,, ý,, "..1 ý. - -, ýý, I ý. I - - ý.. I. I -,,: ý - ýt - ýý - -..,.... ý - I;,.,., ý.1.,-.ý ý.,.. ý ý yi ýý,, 1, ý,,,::,- ý-7 -:ý, ý,, - I ý, ",.; -ý ýiýý-- I -- ý, I,...:ý 11, " 'i, ý!:ý-.','-,:._, -,.,ýý; - I,,, ý,,, -,ý,,:. - -,Z-#---:.-.... - I - - - - - ýý - -.- = -.. -, ý: I ý I ý " I:I.,-, ", ý "!,:ý,ý ý'!;ý, " 1; ý -:,,, --,' -ý -. --, - ý,-, -.,. I I ý, I.,.. -,, ý - ý ý, ':, -,:;--,ýý..,.'!;ý ".-.. 11 I.. I..... ý, '. -..",,. -. -. -- - - 7 -:ý -j - =._- - -ý -- Zýý7. ý.. 11 I.,, ý -, I ý ý 1, '.,. - - ý. - - I... -. I, ", i - I, I ý. 11 -.:. I I,.,, -.., ý I:, ý." I - ý.1, 7 ý,:ý ': - ý::,,.:: " I!;,:; -,,,,: --. - ý.---;;-, -*,.. 1. I, -:.ý 1. li- - -, c i!ý: ýl:., I -,.,. ý,:, -.. -.,... I ",.,, - ý!:- - - -...ý.:,,: -. *,, ".. "'. - ý.... -. I. ý. 1,.::.ý,, ý -* ý.: ',... - 1-1. ý i, ----- --.ýý - - =- -:,-, -.,,,, I I I: ý ý: ý11 ý-ý. I -,,., - - - -,, ý,;,,, - x 0 ý ý: ý,ý ý. I,,: 1-1 ý "-ý.'.. i,:,,,. ý ý., - ý,. ':.f - -czz::ý-ý - eý - -.=-w -. --. ý I. ý.. -. - - - ý. ý:..,. I "... I --. - I:,ý..... I. I; -., a.., ý ý l -ý:...."..., ý: ý I - - ý -,: ý ý., 'ý - ",.,,. - ý.:ý " -." -ý--.,; - -- - - ý - - - - -- - - ý. 1. I. ý I I -... I.,:,,: -,,.-%, 7 1,. I, - ý,, ýý ý Yý,. -.,ý-::ý-=,. - -= I -,ýF- - - ý,.,. I ýý ýý -. - -1 ý:ý. ". I. ý I ý.:... t I,, --ý ý ý.,. -ýý---iEDý -e- I,ý ý- ý - ý.. - ý - ': - ", I - I -. 11 -ý I ý - I., -. 1ý ý-ýý!. ý,,- ý, - - - ý!. - - -.1 - 1-1...1 I.,.,.-" I. - ý.. 1:... I ",.., I..,,, ý ý I -.,,,, I.. -...... ý ý,!I - I - ý -,;.-I-,,.. - I I - I, I 1.. I I-: -.-: I.,.'I. ".,, ý -.. r:. I, ý,.. '.' "... I.. ý:. ":,ý. ý,. I. I.ý I;, I,,: ý ý '::1!..:ý,, - 1* -, - -. " i, - - ý - I. I., I.: 4 '. ý " ý ý.: ý.ý,, 1-11,,. - ý. -; ý,ý.,., ý, ý ýý. 11 ý I ý,, I 'ý, ý,ý.., I I I... ý.,. ý. -..., I ý I.,,...ý,:,- ", ý, -, -,.. - ýt I j. I I -,,,.. I ". " I, -... ý ý.. I. - -,,, *.. - I '. ý"., 1: I; I -., ý ý ". -,, - I.-.. ý,!.ý::!. -. ý,-- ".""-ý -. '.'., - 1.. 7,.. I I ". ý '...! ".:.. 7 I. - I I I -. I:. ý,.,. ý -,:-., I ý ý. I.. I. I.. iA T ý, - ý". " -:-, I I - ý... ý;,. ý. ý% I:. - -. ý I..,: ý' - I ý 7,,,.,, ý.ý...,.... ý I. I, ý, - -, - - - I.. i 1., I ý. - -... - ý I ",.-, -,:;,, - ý.,... ýý:,,..... I -,... - 1; i. I&, It i, -,..,- *'.,-' ý, I, " ýý:, ý -ý,... " "..- ý. I., i.1 I ý. I., - 11.ý, ý ý,,:., ' ': 1., -,.1 %, ý,., -. ý i lr2. -.,-,.:..- "', -, -..";. ý.- 1. -:.. I. ý ý 1ý ".'' ' '.. -. -".2! - -,- -, ý `,ý.-.. -,,-, "'. '. 'I I. ý, I,,:.., ý ý. ý ý, ",.,. 1ý. ýý.: I I I I ý;ý I:, I -,... - ýý.,`,ýý:. I!:: ý ý, ýl.- ý'',, ý.v,;ý 'ý:,ý I I ý., - 1:,., I,, ". " "'.,., -, I......... 1: ". I 10 -,. -:..,: ý ý, ýr,.:.-. I 1 ',ýý,.---,-ý.-l-,7*ý.'... T H E B U R T O N.... 1- -1.1ý --'-',ý,, "-;.. -- I ý.:-ýý-ýý.;.,.,ý;,.ýý,;:",..,,ýz.,:., - 1. 11, Jý..,;;" I.- I I,.,. ý I -. - 1 -.,- 11.-, --;-:!.,j.: -... ý -..ý ý, - ''I"., I:,:4, - - '..- - ". -.1 I,.ý 1- -.1-1.. ".... ý - --w... I.:, - ".":,. '-, " ý' " ý, -,. ý. -,,,, ''. -! l-,.- "ý -,-'-.V--. 1,.., -,-, I '-', - o. -,-ý- oýý--.ý- I'',. 1 ý - -, ý - 4 - --,l',-,-.--- ý. -!-.''.,.... --... -,lý..l,,l':.-.. -j 1. 1,..-,-,.. ' '......- ý 1,1--" -,.,. I ý I - " - ý,..-..-..... ý.'r _.,'ý;:-_ý '',-,.:ý'.,... ý H IS T O RA C A L.. - -, -., - - '. ýr, I '-,.,,-..ý-:ý.. I r'.1 I ý ý -. -.".-7-ý:*:_ ". ý- -,--,,::,..ýO.-,- I ', I... -,"'', ý I. -."; ý - I -.-,ý, 1-1.1'..'.,- -ý --'..ý-., ý -ý-::-: -.- 1 -I..' ' I I - '. 7-;." ý i -..,..,,:'.. - ý,ý. ".z. ý,- -,-;,',- 'i.:.',..: ":,:ý-- - '', ":,::ý,,, 11,..- ý,,. I %, -,,-,,:,:, - - ý 1. _::- ',..,:,ý.,.ý,,ý'., I-, ýý, - 1-ý ý I.:.ýý. - - 11 11- ý,..,,ý';,', C"N O N. I...."--, -..1. _,:* r,ý ý";, I ý - ',ý,.,,,", ý,,;:,-: 1! -- ---..:..., 1, ý.." I I. r,! C O LLEt.." I ý.. "...''. - j. ý 1:d, 71,.1. 1,.1 1 I, I: -,.--,:"!ý 1. ". ý_- ý - '' -i.,.-:.,.-:'-,'', -.. -, " ". I ý '. ý. I I, -,:, ý,7,.,l...,.-'....:- -,ý - - - ý.... 1,. -- l"lli.,:. i - -,.1. - -.1.1-1, -.: I.1 - I.- ý'. '.., 1.: ýý "., -. --,'. 0 F -.:;, ý7.ý_, r,',,,,.-I - -,:,,-.::. ý I - ý - ' '.1- -:ý- -: ý -.ý.... " -... -... ý-,:. r..7... -: " I -.. ý d...., -.ý..ý,, - l-,.1. I, I h ý..ý - I I. -,ý.,,,, -ý; I ýl: ". ý I. I.. ý:.: ý:1 I ý -.., -,: -'.; -,,.ý,ý: ý,.. _: -:.,, ý ", 'ý. I..: 1.:ý,, ý, ý'ý71,. _ - ý. 11.,; ý. _.. I:, rll ý.ý'- -I '.. ' -'. ý ý. ý ý,,:1:_:. - I- ý. '%%,, ý ý 1, - - ý,. - I,, f "- "..ý ý -,.- ý ý:.,;..., ';ý;, -.: 11 ý I,;,.::.- '' ".!.,., I;:ý, 1.,,:,.: "..,,.ý...11 ý..,:, ý,, -., U ' R -0 1T I.. - ý:. ",:: q ý -,-,ý'.. ý,....%,.I' ý':" ý ý.: 'ý', r '. I ý ý,.:. ý. ý.,ý....11, -!ý- I.,ý....: " ýý,- I ý-. I -. -.;.! -, -" 1:,; I':.,.. ":ý:,ý ý I ý,;,:-,,! -,. I.. - b~K~ DETROIT PUBLIC LIBRARY 3574 03522758 7 APIONEE*R HISTOR,.Y `Z--OF THEC94~I: T 0 W ý\'S 4 I GENESEE COUNTY, MICHIGAN) ALVAWH1BRAINEIRD, INTRODUCTION Being solicited by my town friends arid others, to give to the public aorne history ot pioneer life in G rand Blanc and vicinity, I shall not confine myself to pioneer, but its effects and incidents connected with it, and under my.observation for about forty-five years, which, in looking back, there have been many and wonderful changes made since; arid if I should be somewhat romantic, excuse me, for that has always been oiie of' my foibles, though truth is to be observed in full. ALVAH BRAINERD. 13 H r $~ A, K# (~ )~~r- t2 ~ A ~ 1/ CHAPTER 1. I was born in York State, Monroe county, and brought up on a farm with my father, he being a farmer. The farming business I did not fancy, so 1 worked at the joiner trade, excepting in harvest, then I would turn in and help father. By working out in this way, I had laid up a small sum of means, and at the age of twenty-three I chose a partner for life. Then the idea of' obtaining some land, and by so doing I would have to go west, where it could be had cheap. To think of going into the woods, when you are in a small town with all life and bustle and pleasant for the eye, but there was no alternative but to go. I introduced the subject to father, and one of my sisters had just married; we were a coming together. Oh, the. affections of parents for the welfare of their children. Father thought the subject over a short time, then answers us in this wise: "Children, you see me and your mother here, and we are now quite advanced in years. It is affecting to us to have you leave us and go into the woods, from us. I propose to sell out and go with you, it you will promise to settle down by us and stay by us whilst we live." What child would not be touched to have sacrifice made like this for them from their parents. He thought he had better come out and see this part of Michigan. Mr. Tupper's folks had already moved here, and father came, and looked, and returned to us, saying it was good land here in this town. So he sold out his premises, and in the fall we calculated to go west. So the. goods had to be packed and boxed, by the way of the raging canal, as it was often termed, to Buffalo, then shipped a-ross Lake Erie to Detroit, and then by wagon to its des. 6 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. tination. So it took as much forethought as now to go to the Black Hills. We had to lay in for provisions on our journey. After arriving at Buffalo, there was oLly one boat to go to Detroit that day, and that had been condemned as unsafe, and there had been a heavy wind all day, so they dare not start out until the wind subsided some. In the course of the day we got our goods on board. Then the boat had to leave the dock and cast anchor, to make room for another to unload. Toward sundown word came for us to come on board, for it was going to start. We had to be carried in a skiff to the boat, and on entering the skiff there lay a dead man upon his back, which they had just picked up out of the water, drowned. What a dampness this put upon the women and children. We went on board the steamboat with great fear, the waves running high, and knowning the boat's qualities, our quarters were in the hold down below, among many Swiss emigrants and near to the engine, with heat and scent. The boat tossed to and fro so bad that it was almost impossible to walk without help (now for a time); now, under circumstances, sea sick, and most all below in a filthy condition, and no decency among the old country people too. I got mother out upon deck, for she thought she would die, and there we stayed until at Detroit. The boat's joints would squeak and groan. Wasn't we a happy company to land again? The boat is where mother got disgusted with the country. I never have forgotten it. The boat on returning back to Buffalo went under, and has not been seen since (one glad one for that); no loss of life, no lady to save. The horses were sea sick, too. Now we are on land it is hard to walk stright, so good bye, boat. We had our goods put into the store house, and the horses and wagon we were to take with us on our journey, for transporting our provisions and women and children. CHAPTER II. In eighteen hundred and thirty-two, There we were landed in Detroit city, All anxious as others ought to do, And now mother we began to pity, As she is sick and discouraged, too, But now we must move on, What else, or otherwise, can we do? We all commence to start as one. October 10, 1832. Our first move was to visit our friends in Macomb county; and not being acquainted with the forest and heavy timber and roads new, to travel several miles in them with a few trees anA brush cut for teams to pass along, made it tedious to the mind and tiresome to the body. After leaving Detroit a few miles, our appetites reminded us of a halt. At the next house to entertain travelers, our horses were reined up at the door. We called for something to eat, and were informed that they had got out of bread, had no meat, and they had just sent to Detroit city for tea. Well, here we are. We finally consulted among ourselves what to do, and came to the 8 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. conclusion to eat what provisions we had, having, some left after leaving the boat. We sat in the wagon, and got some hot water and made tea in a tin cup, and eat our bread with quince sauce spread upon it, and drank tea from some small tin cups we had brought with us. Mother remarked at this time, that this was the country that flowed with milk and honey, having a few discourageinents upon her mind. After refreshing our natures and horses, we started again, not being willinjg to look back, knowingý where we were bound to stop among our friends in Macomb. When we arrived at our friend's home, ourappetites had also. After supper, then came the time to visit, and our minds retain that meeting yet. Some lady may ask, what did you have for supper? Some venison, potatoes, bread and butter, the latter having a peculiar taste, from the cows running- in the woods and what they eat. In the spring the cows eat wild onions and leaks. The consequence was the milk and butter tasted of them. Not a pleasant flavor. Our friends had made some improvements upon the land, and their houses were built of logs, with loose floors and nO carpets. Notwithstanding, they seemed -Lo enjoy life, happy and contented people. CHAPTER III. After staying with our friends a few days, we started for Grumlaw, now the town of Grand Blanc, our present, home. It being late in the season, the fall rains had softened the ground and raised the streams, so that the traveling was very bad. There was only now and then a team on the road, so that their tracks were hardly visible for us to keep the route, and noe to enquire of the way. But we were on our way, horses hauling and tugging away as best they could, while some of us walked along ahead or behind, as convenience suited us, and would take turns in riding, as we could not all ride at once. We hid gone but a few miles before the horses and wagon got into a soft spot and could not get out, so all aboard the wagon dismounted and waded along through the iniry place, whilst the men waded in and unharnessed the horses and got them out, then after tugging and pulling and planning the wagon also was gotten upon harder ground, the horses hitched on once more (and some may 10 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. think that by this time our feet and clothes had got soiled some-that is what we, thought at the time). We inoved verv slow, sometimes moody, then agrain cheerful. We had prepared a good suipply of provisions to tak~e atlongr with us while at our friend's, and had to stop often to rest our teami and ourselves. It was abouit as tiresome to ride as to go on foot, for- most part of the way was in the woods, over rcoots of trees, stones and logs, first one side, then the other, so that you was in a tilting, position most of the, time, but beingC late in season, that firiendly foe of ours was absent, the musquito. This reminds mnc of how much labor has been spent, in trying to keep them off at times, and how many hours -if restless sleep has been enfdturedi by the musquito, to say nothing of the l'anguage ag'ainst them and the marks- made by them, which is too bad. We were two days going about forty-five miles, which we can travel in three, hours now by rail, or twelve in. a carriage. When we grot within eight miles of our destination, Nye came -to the, end of the road. Ladies, donD't shud - der, we came through; for the old fallen down timber had a portion of it been removed, so that we could pass by going around the low places and high and keeping a good lookout for the passes or road, and having to travel a zig zagr way, making the, distance miles farther. Oh, the marks of' pioneer life Some may say, I1 never could endurea its crooked paths. Xfter about, three miles more travel we came to Mr. Caleb S. Thompson's log, house, right in the woods. The lady, Mrs. Thompson, had a quil ting that day, and ALI+. N. Tupper's wife was there, and our way lay close to the door. She, had come on horseback, about two miles distant, and when she saw uis, the horse was called for, and in a few moments Mrs. Tupper was mounted upon the horse and persuing us as fast as possible. CHAPTER TV. After traveling on~e mile we came to Silas Smith's house, in the woods, excepting a smnall opening. Mrs. Tupper was a short. distance behi nd us, and when she. camne by Mr. Smith's house Mrs. Smilth called to MIrs. Tupper, (they being acquainted, and neighbors only about. one and a half' miles apart)--Mrs. Smith wanted to know if wowerv~e. the Brainerd family as we h~ad just passe--d, and was expected. Mrs. Tupper turned to answer- andi lost. her lbalance and fell from the horse., but without any hurt. 'Soon after she overtook us, and then we. soon begran to learn how 0our friends in Grumlaw were, and as the addagre is, "Misery likes company,"17-the time and distance seemed shortened. Wt' had now arrived at our journey's end. Old Mrs. Tupperwas looking for us, and when we drove up to the door, if'it' had not been for lightning, I should have said she flew, forif her hands had been wings she, would surely have gone. There is joy and gladness in meetin ( with our friends under vioneer life, and its caccompanyments. 'Those happy greetings are not forgotten, though now most of' those friends are dead, and gone to their graves. The first night was occupied mostly by the older ones in visiting. Next morning the men; folks ventured out to make calls and be introduced to the citizens, and that introduction could not be done in one day either, being to five or six families and living so far apart. The boys commenced on bear, wolf' and deer stories, and some had seen the massasaugar snake. We thought we were very courageous young men, and began our plans to capture the wild animals. So we sauntered around a little, and if by chance we saw a deer, our uuns were not thought of until after he was gone, or if the, gun was thought of, we could not see the, gun and deer at the same time. We had this hunting f-ever bad for some time. It is not like the fever and ague, but more like the tremens, being very nervous and seeing many things and thlink-ing they are ours, but when the smoke of the gun is gone, so is the deer and all ot our anticipations. CHAPTER V. Our next visit will be to see the Indians in their camps and otherwise. The Indians are a people of strange peculiarities, some of them which I shall make mention of in my history. Their appearances now and forty-four years past, is very different in almost all respects and appearances; and after a few days visiting with our friends and neighbors, I began to look for some potatoes for winter usp. Mr. Silas Smith let me dig on shares on his land near the. bank of a small lake, and they were large and nice. Father and his family, wife and I, and my sister and her husband. nine in all, moved into a small log house near Grand Blanc Center, to stay until we could build some of our own. The house was very oomfortable for those times, having two windows and one door. The lower floor was fastened down with pins of timber, the upper floor loose boards with large cracks between them; the stairs were made of two poles with rounds-called a ladder-and in order to ascend or descend, it was necessary to hold on with our hands to guard against, falling down. The fire place was made of clay, and the chimney of sticks SPIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 13 and clay upon them to the top, the cellar was a small hole dug under the floor, with a door cut through the floor to get into it, which was done by sitting down on the floor with your feet down in the cellar, then jumping down in the dark, then reaching back fr your candle which you had set down upon the floor. "Well, what was you after down cellar?" In the winter season, potatoes, cabbages, and turnips, and perhaps a piece of pork. "You say nothing about apples." No, sir, nor cider. We had no rats to disturb our cellars at this time. There might in the summer season a.-nake occasionally creep in. I have been thus minute in describing the house because this was the general style of them all, with this variation: some had bark pealed for roofs, and some shakes and boards, or a few shingles. In the winter season I have had my bed and children's bed, in a snow storm, mostly covered up with snow in the morning; (beds up stairs,) the children coming down in the morning, their faces wet and rosy cheels, and cheerful of such a time. Then, in the summer time, in a rain storm and wind, the rain would drive in under the shakes ot the roof and you would have to get up in the night and move the children's bed to keep them dry or dryer. We burned large wood, which made fire all night, in the winter, and the women being fearful of Indians intrudiing unknown to us, would fasten up the doors, and even the windows, for our ladies and children at those days was afraid of the Indians. After all, they would manage some way to get iiL by unfastening the door, and it was no uncommon thing to wake up and discover several of them sitting around the fire, drying their moccasins by hanging them upon the crane hooks suspended from the chimney to hang kettles upon to boil potatoes or heat water for tea. They would be careful not to talk loud or make much noise, and we would be equally so to. After warming and drying they would put on their moccasins and retire after fastening the door again-and feeling as 14 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. sured they had left, we would perhaps fall to sleep to be awakened again by the wolf's midnight cry, which has as many sounds as a piano, only harsher in its tones. Morning arrived, and all is well. The women commence to get the morning meal, and for a change this morning, we will have potatoes, meat, butter and tea. We didn't have to stop and ask, "Won't you have some of this?".Our appetites spoke for us; nor we don't stop to ask many questions, afterwards perhaps some one suggests the inquiry what such a one is probably doing this morning in York State. (The mind goes back to friends left.) Next, the men commence conversation about buying land, and by this time perhaps some of the neighboring men have come in to talk over the prospects of the purchase and its whereabouts. Being pleasant to-day we conclude to go and look around some, Mr. J. R. Smith going with us to pilot us through the woods. So we started, some taking their guns, not knowing what we might see, as our course was to be in the woods altogether. Before night, we had selected as we supposed, eight lots, but on returning Mr. Smith said he had taken up one of the lots, and as that one was one of the lots we had selected, we concluded to look elsewhere again-but his selecting one of the lots was a hoax, and we did not know it at the time. The lot suited him so well at the time of seeing it that he desired it as his, and afterwards obtained it. CHAPTER VJ. Our next move was to purchase a tract of land belonging to Judge Riggs. We made a bargain, and agreed among ourselves what lots each one should take. Father and Riggs went out to a little town called Rochester, in this State, to malke the writings, and when there, his sons had some claims against him for labor, and if the old man did not give them part of the pay they would not sign off. Father saw the situation of things, and returned home without purchasing of them. The next look was at the city of Flint. Mr. John Todd said he would sell us his land lying on the east.ide of the river for three thousand dollars, but as we were looking'for land for farming purposes, it did not suit. It was in part very broken land by low grounds and some swamps along on the river banks. (Some ask us why we did not buy to speculate upon?) that was not our thoughts at the time. We had not a city in view. Others ask how large was the city at this time? It can be readily answered, and,ot go into the tens or thousands: There was a saw mill on Thread river, near the dam on the high ground, not finished, and its effecting power was slow, and to illustrate-went by the day. The 16 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. i~ext was a 1)gY house without cany one living in it, the frame of' what. is c.illed the brewery house, uponl the rise of nground near the Thread brewery. The next was on the Opposite sidle, of the road, almost down to the bank of the, Flint river, and was where Mr. John Todd lived. He had a small pi,-ce cleared as a gai den spot. His house was, or would be if' standing now, rather roman tic-am ids t the (lepot ground~s. Crossing over the river in an Indian cano0e we find on-the bank of the river a board shanty, the boards having been sawed at the Thread mill soon after its first work. Then a little farther down the, river on its banks was another very coarse log house, about on the spot wheire tl-te Baptist church first stood. In this shanity Mrs. Et-h~er Green died-the first white. woman that died in this county, in 1830. But to return. Our, next look weis successful. Mr. 0. Tupper said he could show us somne nice land in north, as hie termned it, so,ý not f -orgetting our guns, we started, following the line by marked trees made when the land was -surveyed. H is flather owned the land for one mile on our route, and. as. soon as ýwe- crossed that, found the land we were in pnrsuit oAt after -which we soon discovered the section corners,' and looked along said lines, not daring to leave. them for fear of getting lost. Tak~e heavy. timbered land, and not being used to it any, it can't be wondered at much After a while veýbegan to be more venturesome, by having, one keep on the line and another out, but keep in hailing distance. Having satisfied ourselves measurably of all its qualities, we returned homie. A few days after, I invited my wife and somle others to accomapany me to see the place I had selected for mine. So we, prepared for the Journey and on foot rememiber., for it was laborious traveling, nbt a brush had been cuit to it for three-fourths of' a mile-in a dense forest. Wheni about half the distance was passed, we came to the, Thread river, which we had to ford on drift wood and logs. After getting at the point of location, I asked PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 17 her, "How does this look for a home?" After surveying the woods and looking for the tops of the trees and seeing clear skies, she says: "All right, this will be nice," in answer. We then returned back, reflecting that this decision was more precious than gold, having now an object in view, perhaps for life, agreed to commence anew in a lonely spot -and now, not knowing what was our destiny in this life. Circumstances have favored us, and we are alive yet. We have no reason to complain, for we believe our lot was cast in a goodly land, and after privileges to be enjoyed-to make the old comfortable and happy. A few days later, father started for Detroit with the money, and paid one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. He had mine taken in my name and the other lots in his name-six lots in all. The duplicates were signed by Andrew Jackson, then President. After father returned, he handed me the duplicate for my land. Question-How did you feel about that time? I should say as Alexander Selkirk did at a certain time, when he said he was "Monarch of all he surveyed,"-and my right there was none to dispute, but I was not lord of the fowl and the brute, for I had none yet. My ax and gun became then my steady companions although we had but a short acquaintance as yet-we passed together what to me were many wearisome hours. I was not used to chopping, and my ax would do as other new beginners, sometimes steer for my feet, which would make me cringe. CHAPTER VII. As for the. gun, you might lug it all day and back again; what did it kill? Oh, nothing but time; and I will go with you again some convenient season. I had to travel over one mile to my work in the morning, and back at night; but the tea hour system had nothing to do with my work. Oh, those pretty saplings, how trim and pleasantly they stood. When I came up to them with my ax, I would look up to the top, then cast my eye along the ground to see it it could be laid down, to my, mind; then, perhaps, after.1 have whistled a short snatch of some pleasure, and perhaps spit on my hands, I commenced to chop. This reminds me of a time when I struck the tree, a large black snake dropped trom the top down at my feet, and I think we were both badly scared, from our movements. After cutting one side, then on the other, down comes the tree, and so I continue on. After cutting down about oi.e acre of the woods, then I commenced to get out timber to build a house, for I was going to build a frame house. I never owned a log house; for to move over, as we termed it, would save miles of tiavel to get to my work and back honme. I had worked at the carpenter's trade in York State, and had PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC1 19 brought my tools., nails and glass to build a house. So after a tew- days I had the, timber out; then I dug a cellar and hewed timber to wall it up with. Then I. got Mr. John P. FEritz~ to come and draw the timber together for me withi his oxen. Rowland B. Perry had a saw mill three-fourths of a mile west of' my place., and I cut out the, brush and made a temporary road to the, mill, so that in the winter season we could draw somne lumber. Then you could cut tinber within a 1ew rods of the mill, and welcome such as oak and pine timber, the nearest at the Trhread mill pond, about four- miles, belonging to the government.. We all went there for shingles, timber or hoa-rdsi, asking no one for it. I bought plank and boards for my houise of Mr. Perr-y for four and five bdllars per thousand, all g-reen of coursp, and' had it hauled imme-diately, so that I comminced at once to frame and build, -no brush being burned as yet around the building spot. I carried the. brush away a little further fromn the house, spot. The brush heaps looked as if a tornad:i had swept. over the placte. Afte-r a few days I had the framne ready jo raise, and the plank fitted t~o put ou as soon as, the. frame was uip. A framu house was a novelty to fhe citizens of' this place, so I extended an invitation generally to help raise. It was understood it was to be raised. without whisky, as I was a decided temperance mant, but. I would furnish plenty to eat. Some (1 call no inames) said if I would not furnish whisky, they would. Old habits so h~ard to overcome. Mr. Jonathan Daytou fell, in with ine and camne at an early hour, and said if I would commence to raise, as soon as I thought. enough had come, to raise, it., perhap-s we could have the framne up before the whisky and those with it would arrive; and we did get it up in time end were putting on the, plank (oh that dilatory servant in this case); so the liquor was not taken out of the sleigh, nor dlid only a part of' the tuo~n know about its arrival. So you se(. it was -a temperance raising after all. 20 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. Afterwards some of them said to me, "You did smart to ask us to your raising in the P. M., and then raise in the A. M." My wife said, "Yes, Mr.; you did not have a chance to take your jug out of the sleigh, did you?" (all cheerfully said.) All are apt to rejoice over a victory, if it is small. It was raised on Monday, and the Monday following we moved into it, with one window and one door, the first of March, 1833. Our nearest neighbor was one mile off. The first night we stayed there was a very gloomy time. There was a heavy thunder shower, and the plank were not very cluse together, so that the lightning flashes would come through every place, and the thunder was very heavy. Under all circumstances, taken together, we did not sleep much, but morning appeared pleasant again. A part of our goods were at Detroit, as I had hired Mr. John Tupper to draw them for me, for which I was to pay him eighty dollars in work on his house at some future day, at one doilar per day. Thus you see we had to begin house keeping with only a small portion of our goods. CHAPTER VIII. There was no chimney in our house as yet, but a place left for one. We built a fire on the ground and there our morning meal was cooked. This is the way it was done: In digging the cellar I had thrown in the dirt where I wanted the chimney built, within about eighteen inches of the top of the floor, so that my wife had to step down to the fire. We had in those days to cook over and around and in the fire-boiling over, baking by, and roasting potatoes in the ashes. We had no recipes then fbr cooking. Our table being new did not need a cloth, and as there were only two of us it did not require glassware. The tea perhaps was not as good as you can get at J. C. Decker's, in Flint, now, but I think we relished it as well at that time, and all we had to eat was good and sat.isfying to nature. Probably some would like to have me particularize more about the food, but I will add that we did not sit long tifter eating to make faces at each other, we had other things in view, which was of importance to us. We must have a chimney built, for a fire-t,!a(tin the house smokes badly, which causes the. eyes to water and look red. Our meal over, the women tipped up a board in the floor to draw a pail of water out of the cellar. 22 PIONEER HISTORY OF 0RAND BLANC, I did not find a spring there, but I found hard clay which would hold water as well as a barrel, as there was no outlet to it, and when it rained the water ran into the cellar. Then I commenced to make a chimney by taking clay and placing it in position for a back, and then pounding it together hard. This made a nice back for a chimney, and after getting into the next story, or loft, I used split sticks, laid up as you often see children lay np cob houses, as they term them. After the sticks were laid, I plastered it all over with clay, using my hands for a trowel, which makes it look nice, but not smooth. The chimney is large at the bottom anud smaller at the top, bnt so large that dense smoke can ascend if it should happen to take that course, but if not, My dear, now what is the matter? Your eyes are red, and how they water! Oh, dear me, it is so hard and perplexing, And I must say it is truly vexing. Sometimes we would as soon look up through the chimney after a storm had commenced to see if the skies were claring, as to look out of the window or door. Then when I had made the fire hotter, or put on more wood, I used to look up the chimney to see that it was not on fire. In this way we could see, in the evening, the moon or several stars, or the sun at noon day. Such was the telescopic view up the chimney. In the place for the fire, we could put on in a pile enough wood, so that it would make a lasting fire, from the heat of which, and the light also, we could sit back and look into the fire with cheerfulness and talk about future things without a lighted candle. In getting in some of the largest sticks of wood to be used as a back-log, as it was termed, it being too heavy to carry, we would take a stout handsled and load on a log and draw it into the house, then roll it back to its place. This and two or three other large sticks at a time for a fire. Then after retiring, having our bed in PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 23 the same room and the fire well cared for, it continued still light and warm. At times aifter we. had passed to a land ot quiet-noss and rest by sleep, one of those largest owls would light upon the top ot the house, and there chant some of his harsh solos or laughing tunes, which would awaken and frighten us at first. Alter a second thought I1 would take down the gun and go out and salute him with it, which appeared to satisfy him for the time being, when I would put the gun away and go back to bed-again. This reminds me of what a man once said, as rumor hath it. He said he saw an owl sitting upon a tree, looking down upon him. He then walked around the tree three times, the owl still keeping his eyes upon the man, then he flew. The man said if'he had not flown he would hayce twisted his head off. Rather a conundrum. The bird that singrs cuckoo Is not the bird that lisps hoo! hoo Upon the house or treoe topHe wan ts a chicken for his crop. The incidents we passed made us often take a long tete-a -tete, but inorning found us always ready again for labor. CHAPTER IX. The first week passed without one solitary person cdlling upon us until Sabbath day. Newell Tupper came over to see us. He bad to cross the Thread river on flood wood and fallen down trees, as the water had risen very high at this time; and that call was pleasant to us. How so? Look at it and think for a moment. Here we two are placed in a lonesome position in a forest, no green thing to look at, no birds to sing, no fowls to crow or feed:Dno place to look through, no voice to hear only our own, and time moves slowv seemingly. Our method of obtaining fire when once out, was simple, though somewhat difficult. Our simple little sticks that we use now were not thought of at that lime. Then the way was, take a piece of punk (a peculiar kind of rotten wood), a piece of steel and a piece of flint, then striking the flint with the steel and holding the piece of rotten wood under them, so that the sparks can drop upon it until it takes fire. This is then applied to more rotten wood, and by blowing and fixing together, it begins to blaze. In the same manner the tobacco smoker had to proceed to light his pipe, and had to carry the tools in his PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 25 pocket to have them ready for use; and the hunter had to see that he had the fire works with him as much as his powder. Then some one invented a machine similar to a grind stone, the wheel made of steel-then turn the wheel fast and hold the flint against it, then the wood, then the fire is obtained. But their time has passed by. The Indian, when he smoked his pipe, used about as much rotten wood as bacca, as he termed it. About this time father Brainerd and P. Minor commenced to chop on their land. Father began next to me with his hired man, and I chopped towards him. After a few weeks we had made quite a large chopping, and the brush heaps looked like an Indian city. Whilst this was going on, at night wife and I would try to burn up some of the brush piled near to the house. We had a wooden bowl sitting on the doorstep that we used for a wash bowl. One night a wolf came along without making any noise or asking permission and took it away. Those rogues sometimes got caught and punished. Their fine which the State and county paid to the capturer, was twelve dollars, and still the death of the wolf. See what Josh Billings said of him (a mean cuss.) The wolf carried the bowl into the woods and set it down and left it. We saw his tracks in the ashes around the house made by burning brush heaps. P. Minor commenced chopping on his land on the opposite side of me from father, but farther off, so that our chopping did not come together for years at this point, for building a house. It now begins to look like spring. Father Brainerd had got his house up, clapboarded and windows in, thinking to move soon. There was a large brush heap close to my house that I had fired several times, but it did not barn up. My wife took a fire brand to it, and then we soon discovered how large a fire a little fire kindleth. It corn menced to burn, and in a short time it was buining through both of our choppings, and we had all we could 26 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC, do to keep the fire from burning father's house, and the glass in the windows from breaking. It was a fiery scene. to behold three acres of brush and timber on fire at once. The flames ascended high, and a cloud of smoke was walled in by the standing timber on each side of the choppinz, at night lighted up by the timbers in flames, some of the trees being on fire on the topmost branches. But when morning came, what a change to behold. The brush was all gone and the timber mostly, the stumps standing firmly, and plenteously, too. Now our eyes could extend their vision sixty rods and behold a house standing, built as it were, in the night. Within a few days father moved into his house, which made one neighbor in sight of us, and we could hear the children sing or cry, as they felt disposed to do. Our floor boards were green and narrow, so I did not fasten them down; consequently they warped up and sprung edgewise, so that about this time, when the wife walked over this floor, it would clatter-the faster she went the more noise it would make-and as the woman would sing, too, the sound thereof might be heard, I won't venture to guess how far.- Yet the deer seemed not to fear, but would come out in sight and close to the house, and eat potato peelings, which the wife had thrown there to feed them, as we had nothing else to give them to. CHAPTER X. We having no tinmepiece, we had to depend upon the gun.; so when I built my house, I ranged it 'by the north star.. Consequently when the sun shone square with the house it would be noon, and at sunset was night, and morning at your own option'. I now commence to roll a few logs together and to burn, and pick up tbe refuse brush and chips, then set fire to them, and so continued until a spot large enough was cleared to raise a little stuff from. Next we stick stakes for a-fence, and make calculations for a highway. It is nice getting around (over the left.) Perhaps the -first step or second your toe comes in contact with a small stub, and maore likely than not you fall down, or certainly stumble. You blunder along some ways and then catch your foot in some brush or snags, which makes you go through the same performance again, or more so. Our women had to wear cowhide shoes, stout and heavy, for there was so much kicking to do, and they would soon spoil on account of the ashes on the land, and dirt and stubs; besides, once ~28 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. in a while they were wanted to step on the head of' a massasaugar or rattlesnake about as thick as your wrist and as long in proportion- On the 10th ot May, 1833, we set about planting some potatoes, and a cool day. I made paces and wife placed the potatoes in position, but the trouble came in getting dirt to cover them. The ground had not been loosened in any manner; it was as nature had left it and the fire. I had not had a team on the ground in clearing, or fencing, or dragging. That day we found a black snake at the root of a large stump whilst we were planting potatoes, which 1 killed, being five feet long and close to the house. Before. night it began to snow hard and covered the ground two inches deep. Just, at this time John Remington and Peter Van Tifflin came to our house from York State looking for land. They selected land almost joining to me, then went back for their families. The following move was to build a log hen house,. and next morning after getting three or four fowls, we were saluted at the cock~ crowing, a thing never before heard in these parts. Then along in June I started to get a few sheep. After traveling sixty miles, I found a man that would sell me a few to accommodate me at two dollars and a halt per head.' I purchased four, one of them black. My reasons for purchasing one black you will see hereafter. After four days travel back and forth, I arrived at home with four sheep. Then I had to build a house of logs, and strong, to secure them against wild animals, and to house them every night. At my arrival at home, I found the woman had visited Mrs. Silas Smith, who gave her a kitten, so we now began to feel as lords of the fowl and brute. Our potatoes came up and grew where they found earth to help them; but I can tell you the sweat run down the face and back, and we felt the full force of the Scripture injunctions. Strawberries began to ripen at this time, and by going two miles after them, I and wife and father's children, and Minor and PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 29 wife, we had good success in gathering the berries and gathered a supply. Upon returning to my house, I proposed to them that I had better go out and kill a deer. I took down my gun and started out bareheaded. Atter entering the woods I saw a nice deer standing on three feet, ready to jump at any moment. I fired at him and hit him,-he ran a short distance and then fell down dead. They heard the gun at the house, and came running to me, women and children. We drew him out of the woods and then we all took hold and held him up on his feet, and held his head up to see how he looked standing. It was the first one that I had killed and got. Then I dressed and divided him Did not we then have a gay time over our meat and berries. We had no cow as yet, so we had no milk, but we could buy a little butter in the Perry settlement. Mr. Millard, of Stony Creek, delivered us flour at five dollars a barrel, and drew it fifty miles, on new and bad roads. Our pork was about all gone, so several of us clubbed together and sent John Tupper to Detroit for pork. He bought three barrels and returned with them-one barrel had several heads of hogs in it, and in another the pork was not as pleasant as we wished for, but we divided it up equally among us. No remarks to be made. CIHAPTER XI. So the summer passed off, and somne of the brush too. The timber falls, but as yet we don't realize much from our land-only a few things, in the garden. I had the deer fever, as it is called, and was getting better, so as to see the gun and deer at the same time. I cut a hole through the house about 6x8 inches, for the purpose of shooting at deer through the hole. One day three deer came elose to the house and were eating potato parings that had been thrown out. I told my wife to look out at the door and see them whilst I killed one. She did so, and by the time she had her eye upon them, one of them fell down and bleated hard, which caused her to turn from the sight. So you see we used to slaughter in the country in an early day, and when we wanted a chicken pie, I could kill a few partridges in a short time and near by. Through the winter deer tallow and coon oil made us light when the moon did not. The oil or soft grease was burned in an old saucer or some other small dish, by tying a small piece of factory cloth around a button, then putting the part the button was in down into the grease, and then setting the upper end on fire. The name of this light was called a slut. PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 31 Mr. VanTifflin and J. Remington came on this fall with their families. VanTifflin moved his family in with me in my house, and stayed through the winter. It filled our house quite full, there being seven of them. In the spring they moved into their own house, so by this time we began to feel encouraged to have neighbors. This spring, after planting some things, father and myseli started for Detroit on foot, to purchase some cattle. Father bought a yoke of oxen and one cow. I bought two cows. Oxen cost $60 and cows $28. We started in the morning with them, and as it was a wet time and very muddy, we waded right through. At this time of the year the musquitos were too numerous to mention. We had to carry a biush of leaves and continually keep whipping them off-aiid after all they would get hold of us somewhere. The cattle were literally covered with them, aind if we spat our hand upon the creature, it would be covered with blood they had drawn from them. Oh! poor cattle, such backbiters as they were. After two days of travel we got home with the cattle. The musquito is a very miserable flyAlthough he whispers in your ear, He is likely to tell you a bad lieAnd does not care if you do not hear; He is sure to find and hunt you out, And if he bites you he has not a single doubt. That night our cows did not give us much milk. In order to milk them, we took some rotten wood and set it on fire to make a smoke, and then we drove the cows into the smoke and milked them. The musquito dare not enter, perhaps it rather suffocated him. This operation must be followed all through summer. The cows soon learn the benefit of the smoke to them and enter of thoir own accord. In the morning I put bells upon the cow's necks and turned them out into the woods, and shut up the 32 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. calves. The cows sauntered around some and 1ilooed for their young, but don't eat but a little as yet. Those 'two bells, what muisic they made to our ears. O ur sheep ran in the woods days, and nights had to be yarded-th-e cons. sequence, was that the brush hrad pulled out some of the ir wool and made them liuk rough and they lost conaidmable wool. I 'then 1 earned mor-e the, nature of sheep, tbty are wonderful, attractive and kind. After the wool is prepared for- cardin., it had to be carried to Pontiac to be carded, and ours being black and white U~ was kept in different sacks, the black we used for socks, or made it gray by puttirig in one black thread and one white togethtlr, and thtei twisting them together-the, white was foi- the woman'ps wear. l then made her a grreat wheel to spin it into yarn-the first one made in the county; the head we brought with us. I had a turning lath~e made before this, and had made a few chairs and bedsteads. When the wife. -commtenced to spin, what music. the wheel makes, and how cheerful she feels,-singing and walking Wick and forth all day long. H-ark! it is the sound otf the pioneer's lot, And the voice of the wife. that is cheerfulAlthough it is woods all around our cot, And the yarn is newv and strong and needful. July 4th, 2833, was a notable day in the, wilds of Genesee County-not as the journeyings of the, ancient peoIple, but for an assembling of people to celebrate, the day at the sound of the violin in a dance. One of my brothers, Eli and lady, with six other gentlemen and ladies., met at a house., or afterwards a tavern, in the now city corporation of Flint, near Thread Mills, known as the, old brew,ery house. It was enclosed and a. floor laid below and 'in one room. In the coarse of:the evenig a tudrsoe -came up. The flashes of lightning were6vrysharp,'thethunder heavy and the rain. plenteousf. Tefdle a ( ra Dutchman, upon whom the efetassc thtehd PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 33 to stop playing, it put him out so. One can see in this some resemblance to the present style of July gatherings to celebrate the fourth. Music, flashes of lightning, the burning of powder, the thunder, the report of cannon, the rain we will add for the quenching of all animosities. (This was the first fourth held in Genesee County,) and on account of so much water and mud, and a six mile long road, it required all day of the fifth to return to Grumlaw again, and perhaps some rural speculation were made on the way by some of the young party. We had to send to Pontiac for all of our groceries, excepting a few articles. Soda, for cake, we made of cob ashes. Our coffee we made out of burned bread, and tea sometimes out of sage leaves steeped. Our sugar some of us made; but ginger, we had to send to Pontiac for, and found it equally mixed (before purchasing) with corn meal and some other things in proportion. When we sent our wool to Pontiac to be carded we would all club together, (I don't mean Grangers,) and send one man and team who would do errands for all,-the next time another man would take his turn-by this course many got posted concerning Pontiac. To illustrate: Two men at a time, report said, got to quarreling and making threats in a certain place, and one of them -said, "I will send you to Hell!" The other said, "I will send you to Pontiac!" We are still having our flour delivered to us at five dol lars a barrel from Stony Creek by Mr. Millard. Strawberries begin to ripen and I sauntered around not far from my house to pick some. Soon I saw two large black snakes crawl into a hollow log. I dug them out, and behold there was three of them, one spotted milk snake and the two black ones-I killed the three, and then peeled some bark and tied them head and tail, and then drew them to the house to let the wife see the wonderful snake. The spotted one I placed in the middle, and the black anes on each end, measuring in all fifteen feet four inches 34 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. in length--circumference, six inches. The story is not any mixed, but the snakes were. I do not recollect her words of surprise, but they were some. Ladies let me tell you about a potato mince pie that my wife made about this time. Some person had told her about it, and said it was quite a substitute for apples, and she tried it. Some one may ask how did it answer as a substitute? Our minds are as follows: The like I never saw beforeA potato mince pie to behold; Nor I don't want to any more. Piping hot or frozen cold. It has a natural pie look, As far as the eye can see, But sorely disappoints the cookAnd it can't be eat for tea. The receipt for making this pie, If any one inquireth, Has long since been laid by,Gone where the woodbine twineth. CHAPTER XIII. All through the summer season we had a great plenty of wild fruit: strawberries, plums, whortleberries, blackberries, crabapples, cranberries, and nut's of many kinds. I got a pig in the spring, and at this time he looks somewhat like a hog. Our swine then and for years after, were wonderful beings, standing on four exceedingly long legs, a head trimmed with ears long and wide, eyes very white, and sharp nose and long, with tusks fearful to see, and the hair mostly standing, leaning forward. They could run or jump, or slide through a fence, and dig deep. They could be seen standing almost upon their noses, digging thistle roots, or something else, and at such times- I have seen them perform wonders. After fattening them upon acorns and some soft corn-then on entering the pen, knife in hand, perhaps they would jump out and run and you after them, yes, the dog too. Probably you might overtake them after one or two miles chase, and then it would be venturesome to attack them. At this time they would look terrible and savage. Having succeeded in 363 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. capturing and returning with them, you find your patience tried, and all of your calculations frustrated. Haw, haw, he, he, he, yes, laugh outright, To see th e pranks tbhey could performAfter eating all the acorns they could bite, Don't make a shadow yet, after eating soft corn. Our cows have to run in the woods for food, and we will suppose it is time to drive them up to be milked. They having bells upon their necks, you listen to hear the bell in order to know what course to take-you can't hear them; then put your ear to the side of the house. Don't hear anything of them-you lay your ear close to the ground and 'Listen, yes, I hear them, but off at a distance. Now, Sally, it is late, and if I don't come before dark, halloo often, or pound upon the house to make a noise, so that I can find the way home; hut when I find the cows and start them, they will come straight home. Many timps I have been in the woods after dark for the cows, and not knowing anything of where I was, only in the woods. Every few mioments the brush would catch a foot and throw you headlong to the ground. Still you have not found the cows, and soon you come upon the bank of thread river and listen to find which way the stream runs, then you know by following the water how to get home. Sometimes the hair feels to rise upon your head. (What did you see?) I thought---by and by I discover that the objects which scared me so are the cows lying down quiet. Rousing them up, they steer straight home, Wife. says: "What in the world has been the matter-could not you find the cows? I have hallooed, and pounded, and am almost frightened to death, for I have heard the wolves howl over yonder to-night dreadfully. How afraid I was.-- I concluded I would not stay out so late again after that, if possible. As I told you about the color of the cows, black and white, I found in the dark I could see the white PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 37 one more readily, but the black one the musquitoes did not bother as bad. Our pumpkins are ripening and we want pies, so we must have an oven, and to be built out of doors, so here I will tell you how to construct a pioneer oven. Make a pen of logs six teet square and two feet high; then split some logs once for a floor, putting the flat side up and close together; then put clay, softened a little, one foot thick and pound it down flat, level and smooth; then take some small split wood and pile it up in the shape you want the inside of your oven, then place clay upon it all over, except a place for the mouth or entrance, and pound as before. Set up some flat piece to make the front smooth, then burn out the wood and behold what a nice oven you have. When you want to bake in it, you put in the wood and heat it until it is hot enough to bake. The rule is to hold your hand in long enough to count twenty. Having cleared out all the fire and ashes by sweeping it, then try the rule. If too hot, wait a few minutes-then put in on plates whatever you want to, having something flat to close the opening tight, and set up a stick against the door. Then watch occasionally and all is right. (They, at this day, have gone west for locations.) CHAPTER XIV. Father Brainerd had no chimney in his house as yet, so he and myself and P. Minor and N. Tupper joined and made brick together for chimneys for our houses. The chimney in fathers house is the same, with an oven built in it, forty-five years past, and without repairing, being almost in constant use. By this time, fall of 1833, we had a spot cleared to set out an orchard upon. Father started with a team to find some apple trees, if possible, and after going almost to Detroit he found a small nursery of trees, and they had been badly culled too He finally purchased the remaining ones, such as they were, and came home with them. Now for dividing them. Mother's plea was, that she was old, and wanted the privilege of making a choice out of them first, which was granted to her of course. Then father, then mine, and so on alternately between father and me. Then to pay transportation on mine one of my neighbors offered to buy of ume enough to pay the transportation on mine, by letting him pick from mine to the amount of transportation. Now for setting them out, we commenced about so far from the road, and about so far apart, systematically. The first row came all right, by digging up some small stumps; then the next part way-then we came to a large oak stump and had to set the tree one side out of range, and so on often, and they remain so yet.. The ground had not so much as been plowed, to loosen it, but can't wait for all that. We begin to talk relative to building a school house. Of course there is not any objection to an enterprise so needed for the children, although there were not many children at that time, nor many families. I had no children at this time, but the future is to be looked after. After talking over the matter of building a house, it was iecided to build. The site was selected on what was mupposed to some day be four corners of roads, crossing PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 39 each other, and there was a spring of water near by. So we concluded to build a nice log house, by hewing timber square and laying them up close together and making the walls and corners plumb, and shingling it with red oak shingles, with a good strong battened door, and five windows. The desks were made back against the walls and the seats in front. We sent to Detroit for a large box stove to put in it, and here it stands, right in the woods, without any tower, or a place for a bell. I paid one-third of the cost of building. It was not built by a tax, but by benevolence. It was for a church, too, and there the heart of man has been made to rejoice. There was a small pond or low wet place, in the spring of the year, and the water would stand a part. cf the summer, and near the school house the frogs would be very noisy, and sometimes disturb the pleasure of the school Miss, when she would tell the A. B. C. class they might go out for a recess and plague the frogs. That would please them muchand that was all they wanted, lierty-and so in fact it is with older ones. Then how they would spatter them. If the frogs had learned to talk perhaps they would have said: "Children, it may be fun to you, but death to us." The turnpike was made now to the Flint -a nice road--but it is very soft, being newly made, and the work is progressing towards Saginaw. Young people, do you ever think of the contrast of the privileges you have, aid those possessed by the young folks from twenty-five to forty-two years back. In schools, look at the children and see them engaged in Webster's spelling book, a Preceptor or the New Testament, writing and arithmetic-and if you understood them partially, you were a pretty good scholarif you had to walk one or two m",es through deep mud or snow, and get your feet wet or cold, what then. In the summer season they would go barefoot, consequently they would have dry feet-and in the winter, wear woolen stockings and cowhide shoes or boots, as the case may be. 40 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. The old saying was that if you wore woolen it was dry and warm if it was wet-and many who wore them are alive yet. And so it was with the Sunday schools and meetings; but those days seemed pleasant after all. Farewell to those days, they are all past; They seem as shadows, to us that are leftFor all things will have an end at last, Excepting the rock that has been cleft. I will here introduce the Indians and some of their traditions and habits. There was a hole dug and stoned up, about four feet deep and two teet across it, one mile from my place on the bank of Thread river. Report has it that in 1812 the Indians took a white man prisoner at Detroit, and brought him out here and dug and stoned up this hole and then placed the man in it and burned him. The stones show the effects of fire. I have been at the place often. It could not have been dug for a well for it was on the bank of the river, and the Indians never take the trouble to dig for water. At about the same time some Indians were on their way to Detroit to engage in war. When about half way to Pontiac from Grumlaw, one of the Indians, from some cause, would not consent to fight on either side. Of course such an Indian can't live. He was shot while standing; he reeled and staggered back. wards, then struck on his left hip and shoulder. After that every Indian had to go through the same performance, to teach them what the effect would be of disobedience. The Indian in falling made nine tracks, then fell, which was called the Indian "nine-tracks." I have been on the trail several times and tried to go through the performance for the novelty of the thing. The trail was very plain, being worn quite deep, and so were the "nine-tracks" and the place of the hip and shoulder, as he staggered and fell outside of the trail, and they were plain to be seen in 1834. CHAPTER XV. Canada gave every male Indian, old or young, at this time, -fifty cents in silver yearly as a bounty. One day I counted one hundred and twenty-five Indians and squaws on their way to Maiden, in Canada, for their fifty cents. Some of' them came as far as Mackinaw. It was in the month of July, and it was a hot or warm day-one young squaw had a papoose about three weeks old, laid upon a newly peeled piece of bark, upon its back, bareheaded and almost;'in a nude state, with the sun shining down upon it, and the bark laying upon her arms in front of her. The child tnould not be carried any other way, being so young, (for the fifty cents). On their return back to 0-rumalaw, (now Grand Blanc,) they wotdld spend about all with Ru-. fus Stevens for whiskey, as he kept Indian goods. To catch their half dollars he sold them whiskey for fifty cents per gallon. Then they would have a time, you may be assured. They would appoint one of their number to take charge of their guns and knives and hatchets, and that one must niot taste of the liquor, but secrete the weapons. They would commence to drink, and soon they would get noisy, and such antics they would perform, and some fight. 42 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC, After two or three days Stevens would begin to water the whiskey he let them have, and so on by degrees they became sober. Stevens said there was no other way to get rid of them. By this time they would be hungry. Then they would go pillaging around the lots for something to eat, and perhaps call at your house too. Mr. Stevens used to charge them fifty cents for a gun flint that cost one penny, or take half of a tanned deer skin for it, and other things in proportion in his charges with them. At other times the squaws would call upon us to sell berries or venison or baskets in exchange for something to eat. In their words for potatoes, "opin;" for corn, "dormin;" for flour, "noupenee;" or bread, "quasagun," and so on. Whatever they had to exchange, they wanted the same measure back as they gave. They would bring us a bushel of cranberries and swap for a bushel of potatoes. After a while the Indian traders told them to come to them and sell them, for we would cheat them. You might tell an Indian to give you a name for them to call you by, and they would all soon know it from him. At one of these drunken frolics an Indian killed his squaw. The Indian said "kinnaboo" squaw with a stone. He took the stone in one hand and pounded her upon the top of her head. His pretense was jealousy for doing so. He then dug a hole about two feet deep, laid her down in the hole just as she died, and covered her up. The penalty for killing a squaw among the Indians was five gallons of whiskey for all to drink. There is no word in the Indian language for whiskey, so they use the Yankee work "whisk." I and some of my neighbors were going through a piece of woods to a raising, when we heard the report ot a gun, and soon came up to an Indian who was very happy-he had killed two deer at one shot. He explained to us the position they were in when he shot, as they were lying about ten rods apart when we saw them dead. He said they were both running, PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 43 one east and the other west, and as they passed each other and in range, he fired and killed both dead. Of course it was a chance shot. After talking with him a few minutes he started to his wigwam to send the squaws to drag them into camp-he had done his part in killing them. My sister's son, a small child, had been lately burned by hot water, and he was taking on bitterly. About this time a squaw came in and asked what ailed the child. My sister told her he was burnt. She wanted to know if by fire or rather (csquota or nabish") or water. She then called for my (waugauquet) or ax. We did not understand all she said-she told her boy to go, and handed him the ax-he soon returned with some black cherry bark, when she took the meat part and chewed it until it become a gum, which she spread on the burn and its effect was wonderful. The child quickly became quiet and soon was well. The women thought one good turn deserved another, so they loaded them up with something to eat. I do not know what the squaw would have applied if the child had been burnt with fire. CHAPTER XVI. I have tried hunting with the Indians, but could not do anything with him-he will walk fast, and if you try to keep up with him you will break all the brush and sticks you step on, and make so much -noise you scare all the, game away. If you complain, he will laugh at you, and they are practiced so that they will take the advantage of the animals, and catcha him. I never knew of their killing a wolf. Tradition says the reason is because they live on deer meat and have to hunt for a living. I suppose the reason is, they don't get any bounty for killing them, and their meat is not good to eat, nor the hide of any account to them. I don't remember ot ever seeing the young Indians wrestle or scuffle for amusement. They have a different turn-it is the bow and arrow, mostly. When the Indians raised corn they would select a sandy, dry place, and bury their corn to keep it, having no other place prepared for it. Some may like to know how they ground their corn in those days. They would cut down a tree about one foot through, then burn a bole down into the stump about one foot and a half deep-then make a heavy pestle and pound the corn in the stump. Some boy may PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 45 ask how did they pore out the corn after it was poundod. Can you think how many ways they had to cook their meal? After it was pounded, they had no milk nor butter to eat with it, but they used other meals and gravies, which might surprise you to see it. The Indian was a terror to children great and smallHis appearance and hi? name is very disgusting to all; And should he die, and be buried iin plain sight, None would like to pass the place anytime of night. This summer Mr. Horton built himself a barn and came to Grumlaw to get help to raise it. He had herd about our temperance raisings out here, and that was what he wanted to do. So we rigged up two wagons in 'the neighborhood and started, having to go eight miles on the road towards Pontiac through woods mostly, and bad roads too. We helped him raise his barn and returned the same day-and it was raised without whiskey. So it was said there was another temperance raising in another vicinity. Did we not exult over our victory, well knowing that none were harmed on either side. The temperance man had to contend against the disgusting influence that strong drink brings upon man even in the woods, and some of the old pioneers said to Mr. Alcohol, "stand back!" and others have lain in the ditch by being too free with it. I.was called upon many times to show people lands for homes. I would find out if they wanted it to settle upon soon or not, before going with them to look. If they wanted it to speculate upon, I did not know of any such lands in the county. By so doing the county was settled very fastand I have spent many days in looking up homes for people in the township of Grand Blanc, (then Grumlaw.) After this we began to feel like living among civilized peo ple, and we would turn to and help cut out a road with them so that they might get in to their homes in the woods among the difficulties that presented themselves. 46 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. When the women wanted to maie calls on their neighbors, some of the men must accompany them, to keep them from harm or danger. In looking back to those days, something like this would be common. Perhaps your wife wishes to visit Mrs. 's family to-day, and she asks you to go with her, and the wish is reasonable, too, for she has stayed at home for weeks and seen no person in the time but her own family. You begin to make excuses. Why, it is three miles there, and if I go I shall have to stay until you return, for it will be so far for me to walk back and forth, and I am in a considerable of a hurry, my work is such-and it rained hard a day or two ago, the way is under water and you will have to walk on logs in many places, and it is a very warm day, and I don't know but what there will be a thunder shower today, and those old cowhide shoes of yours will hurt your feet badly, too-and the musquitoes will bite the baby badly, for you will have to take it along, too. You look at the wife, and see disappointment depicted on her face, and your hospitality returns measurably, and you ask her about how long before she will be ready. Her answer, perhaps, is if your business is such a disappointment to you, she won't choose to go, but your mind is "we will go" and see how they get along in their new house. Come. baby, wake up and be cheerful. CHAPTER XVII. We. left (if with some description of the usual preliminaries to a visit to a neighbors, and will now give a short sketch of the customnary experience durinu the journey. I,shoulder the. child and we start for the neighbor's house. After a few minutes travel, the woman shrieks out-she has caught a brush in her face and hair, which made a scratch upon her face, and the blood runs a little. The next thing, I catch my foot in some brush and come near f'alling headlong, baby and. all. Another scream and run -0! what a large, snake it is-a massasaugar. Take the child and let me kill it. A little farther on we are stopped by a pond of water--we go around it and pass on. The journey is diversified, by listening to the little birds in their songs, brushing off the musquitoes, and scaring out the little rabbits from under the logs. I see the housetake courage, we have gained the haven. When we got there, the women had not got to making clothing out of fig leaves yet, but were found altering over some old clothes for future use. I say nothing of their conversation at this time [ ut leave you to judge at such a time, it was a pleasant day -ha,-d no shower, and all pasged off pleasant. At last I suggested it was time for us to return home again, for the cows were in the woods and would have to be looked up to be milked. After surmounting many difficulties we got home and found the cows at home already Fefore us, the musquitoes had driven them in and they were waiting for us to build a smoke f or them to stah~d in, to disappoinVth'3,_: backbiting creatures. Sometimes things work for good to those that have. been visiting, and sleep is good for the weary. CHAPTER XVIII. This fall I purchased some pieces of leather and concluded to make myself a pair of lace shoes, not daring to make boots. So I took my leather to Mr. Williams, to have my shoes cut out, as he had worked at such work a little, and had some patterns to work by. I made me a last, or something like one, and then commenced work. The tools that I had to work with were very rude, and so were the shoes, although they did good service to me. At about this time, as I sat by reading in the house, I heard my dog bark. I stepped to the door and I saw a deer coming out of the woods. I took a chair and set down in the door with my gun, prepared for a reception of the deer. As he came up near the door I shot and killed him. (Meat is good.) In the spring of 1833, on the first Monday in Anmil, we held the first township meeting, at the cent re of the town of Grand Blanc, at the house of Rufus Stevens, and at this time named the town from one of the first settlers by resolution of J. R. Smith. The resolution was that the land was good and could not be beat, and but a few inhabitants for so large a tract of land-therefore RESOLVED, That we call the township Grand Blanc. (Carried.) Norman Davison was appointed Supervisor of [now Atlas]; Jeremiah R. Smith, Township Clerk of Grand Blanc; Lyman Stow, now City of Fblint, Rufus Stevens of Grand Blanc and Charles Butler of Grand Blanc, Assessors; John Todd, of now Flint City, and Jonathan Dayton and Edmond Perry of Grand Blanc, Commissioners of Highways; PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 49 and for Overseers of Highways, District No. 1, George 01 -iver, of Flint City; No. 2, Jonathan Davison, of Grand Blanc; No. 3, Norman Davison of [now Atlas]; No. 4, Ira Dayton of Grand Blanc-making in all four districts, extending to Saginaw to Fenton, Lapeer and Pontiac. Then our commissioners commenced to lay out roads. The United States road then was established from this road so as to intersect located sections around. The commissioners would start at a given point, for instance, and make for Fenton, then Shiawassee, or Atlas, through Grand Blanc. The turnpike was the guide for all of its tributaries of roads, as it then passed directly for Detroit. At this time the only way for these parts and even to Sagiijaw from this point. At this town election one incident rather amusing occurred. After the election was all through, one of the citizens being fired by the result of the day, and a good portion of whiskey, wishing to bid us all good day, mounted his horse's back and rode upon the stoop floor, to bid us good-bye-the floor gave way and precipitated both horse and rider into the cellar, as the cellar extended under that portion. RESOLVED, That this meeting extend a helping hand to Nathaniel Ladd. All these, withall adventures, helps to cheer the path of the pioneer; At the time it was laughable to those that were hereFor the descent was quick, and rather novel to be sureBut to ascend was quite different-there is nothing truer. Julv 8, 1833, we held another election for Delegates to Congress, for the County of oakland. Austin E. Wing received 42 votes, William Trowbridge one vote, Lucius Lyon received 12 votes. For Members of the Legislature, Thomas I. Drake received 51 votes. [These figures are taken from our town records.] Grand Blanc bears off the palm of all the towns in the County for her first town meeting and County officers ot the day. CHAPTER XIX. In 1834, this spring, at town meeting, Norman Davison of Atlas was appointed to the office of Magistrate, for Grand Blanc. Something new with us as a neighborhood is to take place-Mr. Davison, of Atlas, is called upon to make two one, the happy couple being Mr. Amasa Short and Miss Sally Reid, all of Grand Blanc. A general invitation was extended to us all in the vicinity of the parties, to attend, and soon after the bride sickened and died, and Mr. Short has long since gone to the gold diggings. Mr. Short worked in 1833 for father Brainerd, longenough to amount to one hundred dollars. Then he took his money and bought eighty acres of land one-half mile from mine,-then was married and went to work on his place, until she died. While Mr. Short was living with father he made a resolution to not chew any more tobacco, and he succeeded in quitting; he had a struggle with habit, too-he placed his tobacco in his box, then in his pocket, and then said, "Mr. Short, don't you use any more." Sometimes he almost forgot and would open his box for a chew of tobacco--then he thought of his resolution, and he would then place them back again in his pocket, but he finally succeeded and tobacco was left out of his expenses. In the course of this winter he was chopping around his shanty, as we termed many small buildings at these times, and the deer would come in the PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 51 evening around to browse from the timber he had chopped down, and as he had no gun I told him to keep in and be still some morning until I could come down and shoot some of them. One morning when I went down, according to arrangement, there were three deer in the chopping browsing. I made up towards them, and then fired. The one that I shot made off into the woods fast, the other two not being hurt, and not knowing which way to run, stood still and looked. I saw their movements. I dropped down flat upon the snow among the logs, and loaded my gun and hurriedly fired. This time they ran for the woods and Mr. Short and wife came out to see what my success was. We soon found by the flow of blood that I had wounded both of them. I told Mr. Short to follow one and I would the other, as they ran different directions. He came up to the deer dead about noon, and I had to follow longer and shoot him again. Now comes in the hunter's luck. Perhaps you are three to four miles from home and a good sized deer to drag, among logs and brush. Towards night you arrive home with your game, nearly tired out, and as you started before eating anything, you may say ten chances to one, "Wife, I am hungry enough to eat a raw dog." I am sure the hunters can appreciate this account. But after all, the deer hunter is like a boy that went fishing and nothing caught, but the next day he was ready to go again. People in those days used wild meat, and in fact wild honey-and they were quite plenty. Cast an eye back-it seems as if God had made these provisions for man while he is clearing the earth to raise his food. This winter I commence preparations for making maple sugar, by making pails to gather in, and tubs to catch the sap in, and tubs to store it in. I sent to Detroit for two iron kettles holding five pails apiece, and paid five dollars for the kettles in Detroit. My trees were about half a mile from the house, all in the w ods. The trees had been cut for fourteen years then by the Indians to make sugar. 52 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. Many of their barks and troughs are to be seen. The last of February I commenced the sugar business. I tapped two hundred trees, and caught the sap as it ran into tubs in the after part of the day, with two pails and a sap yoke upon the neck and shoulders, with strings attached to hold up the pails. Then I go from tree to tree and gather the sai- and then carry it to the place to boil it-some distant forty rods, and perhaps the snow is one foot deep and soft and wet. The bottom of your pants are very wet, and i your feet get entangled in brush or stumble, you in all probability spill the sap all over you Here I am in the woods alone-others have sons to help them-and night is coming on, so I fill up the kettles with sap, build up a fire and leave them to boil. In hastening home, perhaps the mind fancies that some wild animal is after one (yes, the hat stays on, but high trom the top of the head, seemingly) and after getting in and seated, and wet feet, and undressed, report is made to the wife about the prospects of soon having sugar. Of course one is tired, and soon to sleep, and then begin t ) dream. I would dream the Indians would come after I left the bush and boil all night, and in the morning carry it away with them. After waking up, one almost believes it to be so, but going to see I find all right, and boiled down to molasses--and now children call for bread and molasses, or bread and sweetened water, with the bread crummed in-in this way the farmer can make for the family many a dainty bit, and it assists the cook in making changes. CHAPTER XX. This year has been a year of pain and sorrow for the pioneer in these parts of Michigan For some cause, sickness has prevailed, and as a matter of course some have. died, and the season has been unfavorable for crops. Immigration is greater and food is scarcer and many have to live close, and times are said to be harder. No wonder people felt discouraged about their prospects for life. The spring seemed to be very backward. Those that had land cleared for a crop could not get it in the ground until late. 1834-Emigration had become so great of late among us, that it settled our parts of the town fast. In consequence. quite a good many log houses had to be built, and the -cutting down of timber and cleaiing it away seemed as though., it caused a good dehl of sickness, and the houses made of green logs-in the course of the summer the sap in. the timber soured and smelt offensive in hot days-I think caused a great deal of sickness such as fever and ague and chill fever, and a number died of fever this fall. There were hardly well ones enough to take care of thesick. Those days were truly discouraging to us all, for it seemed that nature must suffer, and this summer was the trying time to us surely. In passing from house to house at each you find one or more sick, and many of them without the comforts of life, seemingly. Godin his mercy to me spared in health so that I in duty to my fellow neighbors had to attend to them, which was a trying task, almost night and day, in assisting for their comfort, encouraging them to look for better days and trying to make their pillows easier for their sick heads -and those whose prospects were short for life, by helping to look away to one that had promised all such as would come to him eternal life. One younfg man and his wife died-the man in the morning and the woman in the evening of the same day-they left 54 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. no family. I was with them and closed their eyes in death. It was a heart-rending time to witness the dying struggles of them. I had told Mr. Beebe the day before that I was afraid that he would be no Ietter, and if his prospects or his mind was that he would be happy after death, as his views were before this, all would be well after death. He being brought to death's door began to alarm him so that he began to look at the subject seriously. Some hours before his breath left him, he would exclaim, "I caniot die, I won't die, I don't want to die," and left unreconciled, as far as man can tell. Mrs. Beebe about this time had a stroke of paralysis, and she said "All is well after death"-that being her views then. I had to leave and go home, after praying with them, and left an uncle and two women to take care of them. When I returned again towards night, I found Mrs. Bebee speechless and one side of her paralysed. I went to her bedside and asked her how she was. She took my hand and placed it upon her heart-that was all the answer she gave me. It was on my mind that the heart was not right in the sight of God, although it might have been otherwise. But in the course of the winter they all got better, the fever and ague was present to this summer, and I have such an antipathy against it that I can not speak one word in its favor, but still it would find you, and as punctual as the day, too. Its greetings-it shakes you as no man could; your teeth fairly chatter, and you want to take hold of the pillars of the building for support. After the salutation is over it sets you into suc.h a fever that you might truly say: 'I am in a warm place;" it makes my head and back ache hard, and you cry for more water; but the next day it returns again und seems as glad as ever to see you, and continues sometimes for six months, before leaving you. 0! what does the poor pioneer have. to suffer, some more than others, at this day of writing-you are prepared to give it a bitter pill, which causes it to leave soon. CHAPTER XXI. This season our wheat crop was poor, and smutty, as it was termed, and but a little straw to feed the cattle, and our corn was badly frosted, (or frost bitten.) We had to go two, three, and four miles to cut hay in the marshes. When you get there, you have to wade some in water and on bogs, and swing your scythe so as to follow the surface, and as you are, a. creeping along the best you can,-hark! jingle, jingle,-"O! I see you!" a rattlesnake. You look, and perhaps run for fear of him. After going several rods you may find a stick to kill him with. Let me here?ay that our hogs in these days would run them down and kill them to eat. A few years after they were tew and scattering. After cutting down the grass you had to back it to higher grounds to dry, then two men take long poles and carry the hay to a safe place to stack it; then in the winter take your oxen and sled and draw it in to feed your cattle-its surname was massasaugar hay. Feed your cattle all you would, and soft frost-bitten corn, and chop down timber for them to browse upon, and have them seemingly eating all the time. 'Then in the spring ask the pioneer how his cattle are getting along; they are so reduced in flesh and weak that I have to help them up, and some 556 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. of' the heaviest I have to gret help to gret them up. Oh! how is yours? "Ditto,-and in our neighborhood we changwo~p vrk and go froma house to house to help themn up." Then, after the grass grows in the spring, they are so feeble that they can't hardly get, to the grass. Then, in June, th-e lqrge flies, come around called Pontiacer shorrible, to bite cattle-less in size than a humming bird, (boys are always asking questions. One says: -'Where dlid these. flies comne frorn?") 1 answ-er that they were plenty in Pontiac niany years since, and somne rude boys one day caught one and stuck a stalk of' herdI's grass through its body, tied a slip ol paper to it and wrote on the paper "Pontiac," and ihen. let hirn go.. He soared high and made for Genesce. Report is, tha-t he wa 's caught in Grand Blanc with those fixtures attached-thus the name. Then later iin the, season those flies are, so bad to the cattit, that thty are obliged to stand in the rivers to keep fromn the flies, they bother- them so bad. I and wife were out in our patch of corn trying to find some. soft corn to cook, all at once we heard boys and men hollering alid hooting, which frightened rlite womnan and startled the man too, well knowing it was on the account of' some wild animal. We hastened for the house, and on our way we found that they had treed a large beair, not but a few rods from my house, right in sight. A wildt bear up a tree.a short distance fromn the grround, with his head downwards, his eyes glaring at you. I took muy gun and my nearest neighbor his. We walked up to the tree and took aim at his eyes and both fired at one time, and down came the bear perfectly harml-ess, with two ball holes in his head. Then the. boys and men exulted over his downfall. T his fall I built a shop to work in nights and stormy weather I had blackwalnut lumber sawed, and as I had a turning Lthe I had plenty of calls for work. Some wanted a table moade, others chairs, another a bedstead, or a pail or churn. Mr. - said, "can't you make me a pork bar PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 57 rel?" I will try, etc. In visiting some of my old neig hbor's houses, I discover some of the old relics that I made at this time. At this time, my shop seemed to be the depot of wants, for rakes, (things too numerous to mention, as the bill of notice said.) It was favorable to me for the privilege of making those things, as I had no team of my own at this time, so I could have team work in exchange for my work, and at the first call. 1835.-Some new features this year again in the township and now Genesee County. This spring is more favorable fo r crops, than the last past. You can hear the sound of the driver of oxen that is preparing the ground for crops; many different sections scattered around in the woods seemingly. This spring, Mr. Alexander built a temporary frame for a carding machine, and a dam on Thread river, so rustic, that if you chose to laugh at it, it was not considered a sin in you for doing so; then purchased a second-hand carding machine which made pretty good rolls to spin, which saved us a jaunt to Pontiac. As it was built entire in the woods, you had no difficulty to find a hitching post for your team. More difficult in. room to turn your team around, and as it is warm weather at this time, and perhaps you want to wait for a portion of your rolls, your team can stand in the shade. And as Mr. Alexander had a family to support, we could pay mostly in produce for carding, which was better again to us than having to pay money. None but an old pioneer can appreciate the results of such rude and unseemly blessings to the thankful, and happy recipients; but some few of the notable farmers begin to make some woolen cloth, which had to be sent to Pontiac to be dressed. CHAPTER XXII. Wool carding done at the Alexander carding machine; All being new, nothing said about it being washed clean. The woman's instructions are: "Tell Mr. Alexander, please, Make me good rolls as you can, it will my mind ease." "I will if you grease the wool, so and so, and be sure Your rolls shall be nice and can't be beat-nothing truerAnd your mind is at rest, when you see that they are-- They were made at the carding mills, No 1, ot J. F. Alexander. Mr. Nobles came into Grand Blanc and started the wagon and repairing business, and Abel Shaw the blacksmith business, also. Mr. Nobles made the woodwork to a lumber wagon complete, and Mr. Shaw did the iron work on it-the first in Genesee County. They had to send to Detroit for the iron; not a screw was put to it but was made by hand. We have raised some winter and spring wheat. After getting ripe we take the cradle and commence to cut it down, and the raker and binder commences pretty soon and begins to complain, as you cut down so many fire weeds or bull thistles for him to pick out before binding, or you strike a stump and your grain goes to random. Some of the old men prefer tj.reap it as it is termed, by a sickle, taken in one hand and the grain in the other to be cut off, and then lain in a bundle. When it is thrashed it is placed on a temporary floor, if you have no barn, then pounded out by hand, or place cattle upon it to tread it out, then hold up the chaff and PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 59 wheat, sifting it down in the wind to clean it up. At this time there was not much foul stuff in the wheat to get. out of it. The worst of all, the wheat is very smutty, and to get, it out it has-to be washed, as the mills have no smut machine yet to clean it out. Do you ask what effect does the smut have upon the flour after grinding it with the wheat? It is no wonder our women folks feel a little out to have such flour to use. when expecting company and wanting to have things all right, of course; but this was a general complaint, so that each sympathizes with the other about cooking. there being no helu) for it. We had to be satisfied with bread dark and tough, ol rawish taste, and otherwise disagreeable. Some would wash their wheat a little for the purpose of making cakes for theu table. One of my neighbors, a young man, said he had eaten so much smutty flour that it had poisoned him he was sure, and he intended to go back to York State, and he did go. About this time it was with us as it is said it was with the Dutchman's boy, when he said, "Here we arethey are there," but being anxious to see better days or times, continue to drive the woods farther back by using fire and the ax. In October, 1834, a family by the name of Reid, from York State, moved in to Grand Blanc, and in with one of their daughters, within half a half mile from my place, who had been married the fall before. On their way here they were exposed to the cholera, and soon after getting here, they were all sick with it. Oh! what a time it was, here in the woods, with but a few inhabitants, and so many sick and of such a nature, too. Soon the daughter was taken down, which made four of them sick in one house at a time. We neighbors, women a'nd men, had to take turns to take care of the sick, it being of such a nature-it was of fear and of heart-feelings and sorrow that none but the eye witness can portray. When we were away it was a dread to think of returning again. The 60 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. women said: "Oh! how can I return to that sorrowful place again." But as the time arrives to go. all fear is gone, and duty prevails over all to go to the place of sorrow without a murmur. Soon the mother died, and ali we could do for her was to roll her up in a cloth, make a rough box and put her in immediately, and nail down the lid, then start with it for to bury, without any ceremony, and a few men to bury her-the body being in such a disgusting condition, and disagreeable, and danger of falling to pieces immediately after death. The next victim to death was the son, the box being prepared before handand as soon as he was pronounced dead, he was put into the box and carried away to the grave ant burried. The father seemed to get better. Oh! alasl a sorrowful episode followed these sad events. One of our near and respected neighbors, a daughter of the father and mother which moved into their house and sickened and diedMrs. Short. She was taken sick of the same complaint, and was very low when her mother died. She was in the prime of life, and bid fair for a long life-but nature that is so often exposed to all the ills of life, has to yield, and pass away, leaving friends with broken hearts and neighbors sorrowful, and lamenting their company's loss. We had anticipated so much on future association together, we had almost forgotten that sickness and death could find the pioneer. Mrs. Short soon died, and oh! what a time followed. It is a heart-rending scene yet to some of us, that were present at this time. A few of the neighboring men came in and took a sheet and bound her up tight, having the box ready-made, placed her in it and nailed down the lid. She had no roses placed upon her, not even her disheveled hair cared for, not but a few to look upon her face, which was once beautiful and comely, but now by death and disease horrid and disgusting-the husband the only principal to shed tears. As it being in the forepart of the evening, and having to go one and a half miles PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 61 to bury her, mostly all through woods, we took some barks to make torch a light, set them on fire, and then took up the box and started for the place of burial, without mourners or preacher-but kind neighbors. In writing this, it brings back those pioneer trials afresh to our minds. Soon after the father relapsed and died, also, and now their bones have been removed and buried in the Evergreen Cemetery in Grand Blanc, having a monument to their memory erected, and in as pleasant a location as there is in the yard. Reader, come with me, and let us pause. and look, And see one of our neighbor's wife assisting sick friends; The neighbors have fears and almost them all forsook Her abode-but the pioneer he does faithfully attend. And, after all, must she go along with her mother, Having to fall a sacrifice to death by her faithful care Over her beloved friends, father, mother, and dear brother; God calls on us under many ways, this life to depart and be there. The first white woman that died in Genesee County was Mrs. Esther Green, wife of Archibald Green, daughter of John Tupper of Grand Blanc. She died on the bank of Flint River, near the Baptist church in the City of Flint, 1830. Her bones have been removed to the Evergreen Cemetery in Grand Blanc. She had one brother out here with her and husband, when she was sick. Her brother, Olden Tupper, started for Pontiac for a doctor, on foot, and when he got to what is called Springfield, his feet became tlistered and sore, so he thought he would wash his feet and cool them in the water-the effect was that it made him lame and he could walk no farther-so he got a man to go for the doctor, he going on horseback. When the doctor got to the sick bed, Mrs. Green was dead, and Mr. 0. Tupper had not got back yet. Mr. Winchel, of 62 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. Grand Blanc, made the coffin. It was made out of green pine boards, with the ends dovetailed together. She was brought to Grand Blanc and buried on her father's land in the woods. In the good old days of Michigan there was not any money to speak of floating around from hand to hand. When a householder wanted meal, he scraped half a dozen coon skins together and then made a trade. If he wanted meat, he killed it, and if there was any need of whiskey, it was a very poor mau who could not find a "wild cat bill," or a bogus half dollar, perhaps, down in in his pantaloons pocket-to illustrate the times. One day a circuit preacher, hunting for a place in which to speak to the dozen or twenty settlers in Oakland county and Genesee, halted at a forlorn looking cabin beside the trail, and asked for dinner. The squatter's wife extended a very cordial welcome and said: "It is lucky you came along to-day, as I have got a new bag of meal and lots of sassafras for coffee, and some of the best coon mutton you ever tasted of-you may go down to the ditch yonder and wash up, and I will have dinner ready in ten minutes." When the preacher returned, he began lamenting the hard times, and the fant that he had not seen the sight of money for several weeks. He said he was cheerfully trying to do good, but he frankly confessed that he could do much better if he could now and then hear the jingle of money in his trousers pocket. The woman looked wise, but made no reply, and by and by the good man resumed his journey, he occasionally letting his horse pick grass on the way, along the trail. When about three miles distant, the man belonging to the house where he had dined, overtook the preacher. He had a coon skin cap on and hickory shirt and leggings. When he came up he hasked, "Are you the traveling bible, who halted back there for dinner, and ate up a whole coon?" "I halted back there and eat more or less of a big hunk of delicious meat." CHAPTER XXIII. The spring of 1835 we conclude to sow some flax seedthe seed was obtained in Detroit-when in bloom is a fine color. It looks like the blue water of the sea, and as the Yankee is slurring some one, on this occasion, he said "Two Irishmen at one time passing a fipld of flax in full bloom, one said to the other, '0! see, here is a small sea, let us go in swimming.' It was agreed to, and they got upon the fence and dove off into the flax, and then swam around and tangled it down bad. One said to the other, "Pat, it is a good place to swim,' the other said it was a hard place to dive." The farmer and his wife, and perhaps daughter, take a walk out to view the crop. Well, it does look old fashioned, and looks nice-I hope it will stand up good and have a good coat of flax on the stalk. The flax is now ripe and will have to be gathered. "John, tomorrow we will commence." "What do you do to gather it', I have never seen that done?" "Why, it has got to be pulled up by taking hold of it with your hands, and then, when your hands are full, then you must take a few small stalks and tie it up." "Oh! father, that will make our backs ache so hard." "Well, it must be done." "Isn't there some other way to secure it?" Well, we have now got it pulled and set up in bunches all over the field. Don't you hear the farmer whistle and the boy chase the rabbits for joy. Atter awhile it has to be drawn to the 64 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. barn and then take a tunch in your hand and whip off the seed on some hard substance; then take it out into a grass plat and spread it thin and nice in rows, so that you can rake it up into lundles after the wood part of it is rotten, so that when you break a stalk it will fall out and leave the flax. You must. take a good deal of care or it will be damaged; then in the month of March we commence to '"get it out," as it is called, by pounding it and breaking the wood part fine-then have a board standing upright, ho'.ding it over the end ot the board, and in the other hand a wooden knite, to strike down upon it and driving all of the wood part. out. "Does it dust a man any to work it?" Certainly, you must dress purposely, and have on a sheep skin tanned apron Now it is ready for the woman to take hold and hetchel it, by having an instrument made, like a potato masher.-no, it is made by taking a piece of board, then have from thirty to forty pieces of iron made in the shape of a darning needle, with these passed through the board to support them; then the woman takes a small hank and pulls it through those teeth until all of a towy substance is removed from the flax, and perhaps she will be engaged in this way for several days. The part that is combed out is called tow, it is "fruzzled" up, (as you sometimes see the little girl's hair. The mother said, see the tow head.) At such a time I must say I hardly knew her, from the looks, she was dressed for the business and the lint and dust had lodged upon her head and face. If it had not been for the style, I should have said she looked frightful-but soap and water bring her back again all right. The tow had to be carded by another process before it, -ouldb-.,) iL itu L yarn. It had to be all done by hand -hauling and pulling it and shaping-so that it could be pulled out and twisted in an even thread, to make cloth. In spinning the flax, however, I did not think a woman did make those days plersant. Let us look at her a few minutes. See how gracefully she performs PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 65 her task, and what a small and complicated machine it is. Seated down to it, one foot upon a portion of it, which causes the machinery to perform the twisting and winding of the yarn upon a spool, while the woman pulls the flax and evens the thread, and she wiles the time in this manner, and sings or scolds the children, as the case may require. But the tow part she has to spin on a larger and different wheel, and has to walk back and forth for every thread spun. The same wheel is to spin wool on. Then there was the weaving of it into cloth, for garments, but after obtaining it, it was durable and good-the ladies for their every-day wear would have a portion of the yarn colored, and then have it woven checked. Dresses made of this material for young Misses would hold them if caught by a snag or nail, or a yonng --- Many times the woman in spinning flax has her fingers worn so as to bleed, and sometimes have to harden them over night. I made the first great wheel and little spinning wheels in said county, and thiuik the first loom for weaving. A Mr. Nobles made the wood work to a two-horse wagon, and Abiel Shaw ironed it, in Genesee county at Grand Blanc, [termed Whigville.] Soon after this Mr. Alexander moved his carding machine down to the Thread, near the grist mill, and there fixed uT) a mill for dressing cloth. He did not get it ready as soon as he expected, and the people were anxious to have some cloth dressed. He told father and myself that if we would help him get it ready, he would dress ours first, and we went and worked, and then we had ours dressed-the first in Genesee county. The writer has an overcoat yet, and good. His wife took the wool after carding, and spun and wove the cloth, dressed at Alexander's mill, cut and made it, all within herself. In those days there was a bounty on wolf scalps from the State of twelve dollars. A Mr. Phelps caught several. One day he had caught one in a trap, and a large one; he shouldered the wolf and trap and brought them about one 66 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. and a half miles before father Brainerd, he being a magistrate, his excuse being that he wanted a witness that he killed him. I being present, 1 asked him how the wolf became so docile. Well, he said when he first came up to him he showed fight, but he being in the trap by one leg, he took a good shelalah and went at him. He soon surrendered. After putting him down he then killed him, in our presence, and received his bounty. By the means of the bounty money, many trapped for them and caught several, which helped the trapper and made the wolf scarcer, and the farmei more secure from their midnight visits. Wild animals being plenty, you would have hides stretched up on buildings to dry for the market. Rufus Stevens in Grand Blanc, bought all kinds of furs, and after obtaining a quantity of them, he would put his hayrack on his wagon and load up, as big as a load oI hay, and then start for Detroit to dispose of them. Report said that it would bring him over one thousand dollars -cost him, perhaps, five hundred dollhrs. CHAPTER XXIV. John W. King was our practicing physician. I have been in his practice in many places. He gave general satisfaction, and I felt at home with him on all occasions. I saw a statement made by Dr Fish at the funeral of John W. King, respecting his pioneer ride. I have been an eye witness to his rides. Many hours we have passed together among the sick and afflicted. It, may not be out of place here to mention an incident happening to the Doctor, although a few years later, for which mention I hope to be excused. It was in this wise: One day, in midsummer, on Sunday, the Doctor was passing my house, going east a couple of miles to see a patient, on horse back-his only mode of conveyance at this time-letting the lines to the horse's bridle hang loose upon the horse's back, while the doctor was perusing a small tract or book in his hand, at this time. Just after passing my house, there was a pond of water in the road, and in it swine were lying to cool off, and as the horse took his own course he did not avoid the pond of water. When coming upon the swine, they jumped up and hooted in their way. You remember I told you before how they looked-which made the horse jump or leap sideways. The doctor dropped down in the midst of the water and mud. The consequence was,-the Doctor had to turn and come into my house and have his clothes washed off, then stay until dry, for he said it was his best. Atter a few years more our roads would admit 68 PIONEER HIaSTORY OF GRAND BLANC. of a coarse temporary sulky, or the forward wheels of a light wagon made into a temporary sulkey. Doctors in those days had to take trade for pay of' his would-be-paymasters. Doctor King had one foible, as well as many others had at that day-he liked fried cakes sopped in maple syrup. I have said this much of the Doctor because he was considered a necessary pioneer with us. I must riot forget the ladies of that day, and I can say with but respect to them. I will call no names, although most of the number are still. alive, and respected fa~rmer's wives. I was in company of one of the number, and itwots talked over by us again, alluding to this timie. Once upon a time there were tour young, and beautiful women who were living neighbors to each other, and could associate togrether on terms of' equality, and of great resp~ect. Each of' those young women were at the time possessors of' a small child, say fromn six months to one year old. Those four ladies concluded to call on Mrs., a young woman livirng within bounds of neighborly calls, of one and ahalf mailes-they each one started, not forgetting the children. It was a very warm day, walking and carrying the children caused perspiration to 113w freely. On their way they passed through a chopping-the. brush being burned a few days before- while passing through the chopping they stopped to rest., cool off, and nurse the. children., After a little while they started again, changing positions in carrying the children. They soon arrived at the place, and behold! she had a young pioneer, too. (I now omit soine.) When the time came for the lady to get, tea [stop, young ladies, don't laugh, it is hoped that you will not experience it]-she had only a little flour in the, house; so she took it and made it into a short-cake, as it was termed in those days, all in one cake. Then, at the, table she took the cake, and broke it into -five pieces, onefor each of them-being a great plenty. The ladies then returned home again. PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 69 On Sunday, as we were going to the school house to meeting, the minister's wife remarked that she guessed we would have to hear a crust coffee sermon to-day, because the Elder had to drink crust coffee for breakfast-but I guess the elder forgot it after a little, from the way he talked to the peop'e. 1835.-Rufus Stevens commenced to build a house in the City of Flint, and it is standing yet-called Stevens' place. Mr. Williams, of Grand Blanc, contracted to build it, and in building it, Stevens found fault with the work. Mr. Williams was slighting the work, so the parties agreed to leave it to referees to say for them. I and Norman Davison, of. Atlas, were chosen. We looked at the job arid decided against Mr. Williams as not building according to contract. Some time, not tar from this, Messrs. Stage and Wright came into Grand Blanc and built a store, having Mr. Orrin Safford for clerk,-of course it was not a large and costly structure-the goods to suit the pioneers. Messrs. Dewey and Brothers started a still for making whiskey, in Flint, between McFarlan's and Crapo's mills. Grand Blanc townsmen often call on them for yeast to make bread and biscuit, and whiskey to strengthen the nerve. I bought some of them, three gallons, for another purpose. As I worked some at cabinet work those days, we used whiskey to put in camwood to make a stain. I took the whiskey and put it into jars with the camwood; when I wanted to use the stain it was frozen up. The next time I saw the boys I told them how it had frozen. After a hearty laugh over it, they remarked that it was Indian whiskey; they had made the mistake. So you see the Indian is satisfied with weaker whiskey than the white man. Mr. H. M. Henderson commenced at the Flint with a few goods, with Mr. Walker as clerk. A small amount of trade as yet, not much money. He could not do much 70 PIONEER -HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. with grrain, but exchrainge some for furs, for every thing had to be hauled to Detroit by team.. He built a small plaCc to store corn and wheat that. he had taken in for s0ome, goods. Mr. John Todd lived a shorb distance off, and Mrs. Todd, (we always calted her Mother Todd,) kept a few fowls. One day, Mr. Henderson, (hiis own words fo~r it,) said Mother Todd's fowls kept getting into his grrain. At the first thought, he would kill them. So he took an ax-helve and went out to the barn, and as they we-re On the inside he, rapped them on the neck unt-il. eight had fallen. He then took and threw them into a brush-heap, then returned to the store and sat down. "Now, what will Mother Todd think of mue. I have killed her fowls and I said nothing to her- about it? I begin to relent and make many apologies in my own mind, and finally I made up mny mind to go and get the fowls and carry them to Mother Todd. When I got to where the fowls were thrown, behold! they had all come to life again and gone, home. I was happily surprised, I can tell you." Well, report was vacillating this season-there would be frost every few weeks, and the cotton was cut off down south, so up goes the price of factory twenty-five to thirty cents, for the pour pioneer, is alarming- But the wife declaims: "Daughters, we will make our dress good yet a. little longer." So they all say. CHAPTER XXV. Thomas Cartwright, of Grand Blanc or Whigville, as the place is termed, buiit a hatter's shop and made wool and fur hats, and worked at it for several years-the first in the county. After the county built, or commenced to build, a Court House; after having built a part of the house, they held a session of county court in it, and I was one of the jurors on the first case tried in it. The difference between the parties was trifling. One of the parties had shut up one of the other's hogs, and was going to fat it-there being no place prepared for the juror to deliberate in. Mr. Hascall was building a dwelling house on the opposite side of the turnpike from the Court Houfe, so the arrangements were made for the jurors to go over to this place in the cellar part. The house was set upon blocks about two feet from the ground, and the dirt being thrown partially out, so that we had a shady, airy and rustic place, with plenty of shavings under toot which had fallen down through the loose floor above, without any seats, but we could change positions very readily, by lying down, or standing or sitting upon our feet. It being so pleasant and secluded a place-we could look out on all sides and see what was going on upon the outside, and being so open the wind would blow through and fill your eyes with sawdust, and it being a very warm day. So, under all circumstances, we were not in a very urgent hurry--so we could not agree upon a verdict. The constable would look under often: "Gentlemen, have you agreed?" Our answer would be, "More water, more water." So along towards night we ventured out of the den or pen, and went before the court without having agreed on a verdict, for or against. The city is improving, in settlers, and now and then a building being built, and the trees are cut down and burned, but not as I have said elsewhere, not "too numerous to mention." Soon after Mr. Patterson and partner 72 PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. started a boot and shoe shop, and soon after a tannery, too. About those days I raised quite a crop of oats, so I drew down to them thirty bushels of oats to pay them for a pair of stoga boots costing three dollars. As time rolls around, and years pass by, so it is with all things of &an earthly nature, people persevere in clearing up their land, and cultivating it, which brings forth bountifully and the pioneer is now, if living, able to look back and contemplate what can be accomplished by perseverence and endurance. As I had after a few yearsr more of toil, gained competence enough, too, as I thought, to build me another house, beginning to think the old one ought to retire. So I made preparations to build of brick, by making them, but after making them I could not keep enough of them to build a house, for this one and that one must have a few certainly. "Well, take them," and so on. They were drawn to the Flint and to Flushing, but the next summer I made another kiln, and in the course of the fall I got my house up and roof on, and through the winter and spring got it done, and on the 4th day of July, 1850, we moved into it, being the first brick house in Genesee county. My neighbors, some of them, proposed to us to open it for meetings for prayer and preaching. They were continued for some time. It makes more work for the women, but we considered it paid as we went along. As there had been a Baptist Church formed in Grand Blanc in an early day, meetings had been held in barns and houses, being the most convenient places, and schoolhouses, and so it was with the Sabbath School. After a long time some thought there might be a small church built. So a subscription was circulated to build a church and society house. I concluded that the amount subscribed would put up a frame and enclose it-so it was commenced. The Episco-. pal house at Flint was a pattern on the outside for us to follow. I took the job, and then set the subscribers to PIONEER HISTORY OF GRAND BLANC. 73 work drawing and furnishing materials, being in the summer season to work at it. As soon as the frame was up, roof on, and partly enclosed, I told the people they might occupy the structure for preaching on Sundays, and I would make a temporary place for the speaker, and seats on my own account. We had a good congregation, and several were made to rejoice. The Lord to us was gracious. After the enclosure of the house, it came to a stand still, for one year, but still holding meetings in it when suitable weather. I told the society after all hopes of its being finished, that if they would sell the slips to me first, enough to pay me, I would undertake to finish the house. It was agreed to, and the amount of cost-so I finished and did the best I could for the society. We still hold sabbath meetings in it. So up to the present time the people are living in a goodly land, favored with all of the facilities and blessings that the pioneer has been deprived of. But many of them have gone, and where are they? Look in the cemeteries and read on the tombstone. Here lie the pioneer and his neighbors-his work is done, inud he is lain by to rest, until called to come to judgment, All you can do for him is to shed a tear, and say: "Farewell, ye Old Pioneers of Grand Blanc and vicinity." GROWING OLD. "Growing old? yes, day by day - Fading, dropping fast away; Failing sight and trembling form, Tell us that we'er nearer homeNearer to the golden gate, Round whose portals loved ones wait. Growing old, yet toiling on In the sunshine and the storm; Gathering roses by the way, That like our fond hopes decay, Wither e'er the coming morn, - Their sweet beauty fled and gone. Looking back to days long past, Days that were too bright to last; When life seemed a pleasant dream, Wandering by the cooling streamBeauty smiling everywhere, Lovely flowers, fresh and fair."