.......... Cecil!!.................... THE REPU~BLICAN COURT OR AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE DAYS OF WASHINGTON. BY RIJFUS WILMOT GRISWOLD. INtbr WlmerrtatVne @SrtraittiaS mf Dxstgn~sie oumelu ENGRAVED FROM ORIGINAL PICTURES BY WOOLASTON, COPLEY, GAINSBOROUGH, STUART TRUMBULL, PINE, MALBONE, AND OTHER CONTEMPORARY PAINTERS. NEW AND REVISED EDITION. NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 346 AND 348 BRO)ADWAY. LONDON: 16 LITTLE BRITAI N. M.DCCC.LVI. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by D. APPLETON & COMPANY, Irn thle Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. TO JOHN W. FRANCIS, M.D., LL. D. My[ DEAR DR. FRANCIS The following work was planned and its materials partially collected several years ago; but the feeble and precarious condition of my health prevented its execution until the present season; and now it has been written in such haste and so rapidly printed-each day's product of the pen being returned to me in proof-sheets the following evening-that I have had little opportunity for revision or any thought of the graces of composition. From appearances of carelessness, however, you will readily perceive that one chapter, that entitled A" The Convention," is exempt. For this I am indebted to one of the most justly eminent of contemporary scholars and men of letters, who kindly consented to assist me, after the book was announced, and when there was very little prospect of my having sufficient strength to furnish any considerable portion of its contents. For the rest I alone am responsible; and while regretting that it has so little merit of a purely literary character, I can claim for it the far more important excellence of a most exact adherence to truth. The subjects treated undoubtedly admitted of easy and striking embellishments of fancy, but it seemed to me that the volume would be, upon the whole, far more acceptable if in its preparation I confined myself in even the most trivial details of narrative, delineation, and suggestion, to what was clearly warranted by unquestionable authorities. And of such authorities, fortunately, I have had an ample collection. Besides those which are printed and accessible to every student of American history, I have had in my possession more than two thousand unpublished private letters, of which some three hundred were iv TO DR. FRANCIS. by Washington, and great numbers by Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Jay, Mrs. Cusb.ing,' Mrs. Pinckney, the families of Wolcott, McKean, Livingston, Boudinot, Willing, and others who participated in the life I have attempted to describe. It is not so much from a consideration of our long continued friendship, my dear Dr. Francis, that I inscribe to you these pages, as from a desire suitably to recognize my indebtedness to those inexhaustible resources of minute and curious knowledge with which you are wont to instruct and delight the attached circle which gathers about you, in the intervals of that severe professional labor from which, after half a century from its commencement, the public, for your eminent abilities, refuses to relieve you. You have retained to the age of nearly three-score years and ten all your native physical and intellectual vigor, a spirit as inquisitive, a memory as retentive, and a temper as genial and indomitable, as you possessed when the fathers and grandfathers of the new generation were your partners in youthful energy, and the heroes of the first and best age of the republic still lived to instruct the world from their experience. May God long preserve to you these qualities, and, to your friends, your wise conversation and the assurance of your unfailing happiness. Ro W. GRISWOLD. No. 22 AVEST TWENTY-TERD STREET, NFW-YORK, October 20, 1854. CONTENTS. PAO E. PEACE. THE CONVENTION e 37 THE YEAR OF SUSPENSE 7. 77 THE TRIUMPHAL PROGRESS.. 113 THE INAUGURATION.. 137 NEW YORK METROPOLITAN. 147 THE EASTERN TOUR.. 183 THE SEASON OF EIGHTY-NINE AND NINETY. 203 REMOVAL OF THE GOVERNMENT..231 SOCIETY IN PHILADELPHIA...... 253 THE SOUTHERN TOUR..273 DISCONTENT AND SEDITION o. 285 LIFE IN THE CAPITAL.. 309 THE CONCLUSION. 357 APPENDIX.. 371 PORTRAITS. PAINTED BY PAOGF MRS. WASHINGTON........................ WOOLASTON.............. 1 " WILLIAM DUER............................................... 27 ALEXANDER HAMIILTON............ R. EARLE................... 55 JAMES MADISON....................GILBERT STUART............... 69 WILLIAM S. SMITH............... JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY........ 91 " JOHN JAY.................... ROBERT EDGE PINE............. 97 " RUFUS KING........................JOHN TRUMBULL............... 113 " RALPH IZARD.......................THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH.......... 139 JAMES BEEKMAN................................................ 155 "6 JOHN ADAMS...................... C. SCHESSELE................... 169 C HARRISON GRAY OTIS.............. EDWARD G. MALBOE,............ 183 RICHARD CATON.............. R.....OBERT EDGE PINE............. 209 THOMAS M. RANDOLPH.........THOMAS SULLY................. 219 HENRY PHILLIPS.............................................. 231 WILLIAM BINGHAM...............GILBERT STUART............... 253 THEODORE SEDGWICK.............w. STEWART............... 270 " EDMUND C. GENET.............................................. 295 " LAWRENCE LEWIS..................GILBERT STUART............. 313 THE MARCHIONESS D'YRUJO........... GILBERT STUART........... 333 MRS. CHAUNCEY GOODRICH........................................ 345' CHARLES CARROLL.................JOHN TRUMBULL................ 8355 PEACE. T. AT length the struggle was ended. After eight years of sanguinary and doubtful war, came peace, at last, with independence, acknowledged by the chief masters of the world. On the nineteenth of April, 1'75, the first blood of the revolution reddened the field of Lexington: on the nineteenth of April, 1783, proclamation was made of the treaty signed at Paris. On the second of the following November, the veteran and victorious soldiers were disbanded, by order of Congress, their illustrious Chief having the previous day taken his final leave of them, invoking from their grateful country and the God of battles " ample justice here and the choicest of Heaven's favors both here and hereafter." Eight years of desolating war, though crowned with a triumph which only the most universal and profound patriotism, guided by wisdom almost superhuman, could have accomplished, had brought in their train so much suffering; to so many households mourning for fathers, brothers, husbands, sons; and with their conclusion a poverty so general and hopeless, that there was little of that turbulence of joy which a more sudden and less costly victory would have excited. He who, scarred and poorly clothed, laid aside hir, 2 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. arms, and turning toward the haunts of his childhood saw fields which had blossomed as the rose half obscured with a new wilderness, with perhaps a charred and silent ruin in the midst, must have felt keenly what seems now to be so commonly forgotten, the fearful price which had been paid for liberty. But then, liberty was secured, and, thankful for this, nearly every one determined to carry content with his remaining energies into a laborious private life. On the eighteenth of November the British army retired from New York, and the American troops, still in service, entered from an opposite direction, General Washington and Governor Clinton riding at the head of the procession. These events caused, of course, a general joy in the city, and they were celebrated with the utmost enthusiasm. Governor Clinton gave public dinners, first to Washington and his companions in arms, and soon after to the French ambassador, the Chevalier de la Luzerne. At the last there were present more than one hundred gentlemen, besides the Commander-in-Chief, with his general officers in the city, and the principal persons connected with the state government; and in the evening followed the most splendid display of fireworks, from the Bowling Green, that had ever been seen in America. The next, day, the fourth of December, occurred the most sadly impressive scene in Washington's history. At noon the officers of the army assembled, according to his request, for a final parting, at Frauncis's tavern, in Broad street. We have a touching description of the scene, by an eye-witness. The Chief, with his customary punctuality, entered the room where his brave associates for so many years were assembled. His emotions were too strong to be concealed. Filling a glass, he turned to them and said: " With a heart full of love and gratitude, I now take leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as prosperous and happy as PEACE. 3 your former ones have been glorious and honorable." Having drank, he added, " I cannot come to each of you to take my leave, but shall be obliged if each of you will come and take me by the hand." General Knox, being nearest, turned to him. Incapable of utterance, the Chief embraced him, with tears, and in the same affectionate manner he bade farewell to each succeeding officer. In every eye was the tear of dignified sensibility, and not a word interrupted the eloquent silence. Leaving the room, Thatcher continues, he passed through the corps of Light Infantry, and walked to Whitehall, where a barge awaited to convey him to Paulus Hook. The whole company followed in mute and solemn procession, their melancholy countenances displaying emotions which cannot be described. Having entered the barge, he turned to his friends, who stood uncovered upon the shore, and waving his hat, bade them a silent adieu.* * There are some allusions to these scenes in an interesting letter, addressed to a friend at Albany, by one of the officers who shared the last march of the revolutionary army. " I suppose," says the writer, " Mrs. Denison told you the news, up to the time she left. You know all about our marching in. There has been nothing done since but rejoice, so far as general appearances go; and for my part, considering that we are finally free and independent, why, good God I what should I care for the looks of the old house-perfectly sacked, and in such a condition that if the little paper in my exchequer were turned into specie, I should not be able to give it the complexion it had when we quitted it. After all, since Henry was killed, it's of no great consequence what we have suffered in property. If he were with me and the girls, why, we could make things answer, in some way. Do n't suspect I think of placing these private troubles against the public good we have, and which will make up a thousand times to our children all we have lost and endured. Every body now sees what a great character General Washington is. I have heard a good deal about the leave taking at Black Sam's. Happy as was the occasion, and prayed for as it was by him and all patriots, when he might feel that there was not an enemy in America, it brought with it its sorrows, and I could hardly speak when I turned from taking my last look of him. It was extremely affecting. I do not think there ever were so many broken hearts in New York as there were that night. That cursed captain carried off Johnson's girl, after all. He never would think of such a thing you know. He feels down, down. I am suspicious he will never be the man he was. The Chief was told the story by General Knox, and he said he sincerely sympathized with Johnson. That is like him. He was always touched by every body's misfortunes. I saw him at the French minister's dinner. He looked considerably worn out, but happy, though every now and then he seemed to be thinking what all this had cost, and regretting that one friend or another who had stood the fire had not lived to see the glorious end. As to 4 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. On Friday, the seventeenth of December, he arrived at Annapolis. Two years before, on his way northward, he had been received here with every honor in the gift of the city, and had delighted the people by his amenity, at a public dinner, and at a ball graced by the beauty and finest intelligence of the state. lie was now met several miles from the capital, by Generals Gates and Smallwood, and a large concourse of distinguished citizens, who escorted him to his hotel, amid discharges of cannon, the display of banners, and every sign of popular respect and admiration. On Monday, a dinner was given to him by the members of Congress, at which more than two hundred persons were present, and in the evening he attended a grand ball,* in the state-house, which was brilliantly illuminated. In reply to a speech by the Mayor, just before he retired, he remarked, "If my conduct has merited the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and has been instrumental in obtaining for my country the blessings of peace and freedom, I owe it to that Supreme Being who guides the hearts of all, who has so signally interposed his aid in every stage of the contest, and who has graciously been pleased to beJohnson, he is not alone, by a vast many. These scamps could not conquer the men of this country, but every where they have taken the women, almost without a trial, damn them! But as you say, it's the girls that ought to be damned, who could not hold out against a spruce uniform, nor remember a brave heart. Well, it's their weakness. But I'm in the wrong if one of them who has taken a British husband does not rue it, for which, certainly, I shall not care." The unhappy influence of " spruce uniforms," so feelingly alluded to, was no mere fancy, and the public interests were not unfrequently made to suffer as deeply as the feelings of individuals. In August, 1779, Governor Livingston wrote to his daughter Catherine, "The complaisance with which we treat the British prisoners, considering how they treat us when in captivity, of which you justly complain, is what the Congress can never answer to their constituents, however palliated with the specious name of humanity. It is thus that we shall be at last humanized out of our liberties.... I know there are a number of flirts in Philadelphia, equally famed for their want of modesty and their want of patriotism, who will triumph in our over-complaisance to the red coat prisoners lately arrived in that metropolis. I hope none of my connections will imitate them, in the dress of their heads, or in the Tory feelings of their hearts." * The ball was opened by General Washington and Mrs. James Maclubbin, one of the most beautiful women of the time. PEACE. 5 stow on me the greatest of earthly rewards, the approbation and affection of a free people." One more scene, among the most sublime in human history, and not less impressive than that of his separation from his companions in arms, awaited him before his retirement to private life. On the bwenty-third of December, according to a previous order, he was admitted to a public audience by the Congress, and soon after he was seated, the President, General Mifflin, informed him that that body was prepared to receive his communications. In a brief and appropriate speech he offered his congratulations on the termination of the war, and having alluded to his object in appearing thus in that presence-that he might resign into the hands of Congress the trust committed to him, and claim the indulgence of retiring from the public service-he concluded:' I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last act of my official life, by commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection of Almighty God, and those who have the superintendence of them to his holy keeping. Having now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the theatre of action, and bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body, under whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my commission, and take my leave of all the employments of public life." He then advanced and delivered into the hands of the President his commission, with a copy of his address, and when he had resumed his place, General Miffin replied, reviewing in a few words the great career thus brought to a close, and saying in conclusion, "The glory of your virtues will not terminate with your military command: it will continue to animate the remotest ages.... We join with you in commending the interests of our country to Almighty God, beseeching Him to dispose the hearts and minds of its citizens to improve the opportunity afforded them of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And for you, we 6 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. address to Him our warmest prayers, that a life so beloved may be fostered with all his care, that your days may be as happy as they have been illustrious, and that he will finally give you that reward which this world cannot bestow." The editor of the Maryland Gazette, a journal which in this period was printed at Annapolis, remarks, after describing these affecting scenes: " Few tragedies ever drew so many tears, from so many beautiful eyes, as the moving manner in which his Excellency took his final leave of Congress. The next morning he set out for Virginia, accompanied, as far as South River, by Governor Paca, with the warmest wishes of the city for his repose, health, and happiness. Long may he live to enjoy them," He arrived at his home the same evening, having been absent more than eight years and a half, during which time he had never been at his own house, except incidentally while on his way with Count Rochambeau to Yorktown, and in returning from that expedition. Here, for a while, we leave him, surrounded by his family, receiving every day some new homage from his grateful countrymen and from the noblest men of other nations, and occupied with those rural pursuits for which he had longed so many years, that we may take a brief survey of the social condition of our principal cities after the termination of the revolution. TuRNiNGx from the most credulous study of the half fabulous annals of ancient nations, to the history of our own country, for the period which is embraced in the memories of many who are still living, our reason falters in astonishment; we instinctively regard with doubt and disbelief the unparalleled advance in population, wealth, power, and all the elements of greatness, of those feeble and exhausted colonies, which in 1783 were acknowledged PEACE. 7 to be independent states, and which now constitute one of the first of the leading sovereignties of the world. Since Washington resigned his sword, at Annapolis, our three millions of people have increased to thirty millions, and New York, with its suburbs, which since some of her present citizens arrived at the age of manhood had but thirty thousand inhabitants, is now the third city in Christendom, likely at the next decennial census to have rank nearest to London, and at no distant period to take from even that great capital her long enjoyed supremacy, in numbers, riches, and magnificence. Boston contained at the close of the war about thirteen thousand inhabitants, in 1786 fourteen thousand and two hundred, and in 1789 eighteen thousand; the population of New York had increased, when the federal government was inaugurated, to thirty-three thousand, of whom two thousand and three hundred were slaves; and that of Philadelphia to forty-two thousand, of whom less than three hundred were slaves, and these probably for the most part owned by temporary residents. In each of these three cities, and indeed throughout the colonies, there was at the commencement of the war as much refinement of manners, with as generous a culture of the heart and the understanding, as could be found perhaps in any foreign society. Many of the young men who were then coming forward had been educated at Eton, Oxford, Cambridge, and Edinburgh; and our own colleges of Harvard, Yale, Nassau Hall, and William and Mary, and King's College in New York, were far more respectable for the character and learning of their professors, the judicious thoroughness of their courses of instruction, and the gentlemanly discipline maintained in them, than is commonly supposed. Schools for young women also were very numerous, and some of them were widely known and most liberally supported. The most celebrated of these was the Moravian establishment at Bethlehem, in Pennsylvania, 8 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. where, in nun-like seclusion, were educated a large proportion cf the belles who gave the fashionable circles of New York and Philadelphia their inspiration during the last twenty years of the century.* In Boston there was undoubtedly more real respectability than in any other town of its population in the British empire. It was the home of the families of Winthrop, variously illustrious from the foundation of the colony, and of Cushing, Quincy, Bowdoin, Dana, Prescott, and others of hereditary distinction; and here lived the "silver tongued orator" Samuel Cooper, and Samuel Adams, John Adams, Joseph Warren, James Otis, John Hancock, John Singleton Copley, and a great number besides who became honorably conspicuous in history. Except in letters, in which the names of Dana and Prescott have reappeared with additional splendors, Boston has never since, notwithstanding her growth in numbers, magnificence, and means and displays of refinement, presented a more remarkable array of dignified character and eminent abilities. We have some glimpses of the social life of Boston at the close of the war, in the entertaining memoirs of the Marquis de Chastellux, who went the round of fashionable gayeties here in 1782. He noticed the prevalence in society of a certain "ton of ease and freedom," but thought the gentlemen awkward dancers, particularly in the minuet. The women were well-dressed, but with less elegance than those of Philadelphia. The assembly room was superb, in a good style of architecture, well decorated and well lighted — much superior to that of the Philadelphia City Tavern. He drank tea * " I have seen a remarkable institution for the education of young ladies, at Bethlehem. About one hundred and twenty of them live together under the same roof; they sleep all together, in the same garret; I saw one hundred and twenty beds, in two long rows, in the same room; the beds and bedclothes were all of excellent quality, and extremely neat. How should you like to live in such a nunnery? "-John Adams, to his daughter, March 17, 1'l7. PEACE. 9 at Mr. Bowdoin's and was there with a supper party of twenty of the select people of the city.* The next day, with the Marquis de Vaudreuil, he dined at Mr. Breck's, where, among some thirty persons, he encountered Mrs. Tudor, who knew French perfectly, and was possessed of understanding, grace, and delicacy, and Mrs. Morton, who, besides speaking French, was a poetess of no mean celebrity. Soon after he attended the Tuesday evening Club, which is still in existence, at the end of more than a century from its commencement; and calling again at Mr. Bowdoin's, his admiration was kindled at the sight of that gentleman's beautiful grand-daughter, the eldest child of Lady Temple, " an angel in the disguise of * Francis Jean, Marquis de Chastellux, litterateur, philosopher, and soldier, was born of a noble family in Paris in 1734. He was elected in 1775 one of the forty members of the French Academy, and in 1780 came to America, with the rank of Major General, under the Count de Rochambeau, and remained here between two and three years. He published De la Feliciti Publique, 1772; Voyage dans l'Amerique Septentrionale, dans les annes 1780-81-82, ill two vol. umes, which were severely criticised by Brissot de Warville; Essai sur 1' Union de la Poesie et cle la 2lfusique; Discours sur les Avantages etDesavantcages qui resultant pour l'Europe de la Decotuverte de l'Amerique; Discoars en Vers addresses aux officiers et soldats des dtiferentes Arnzees Americaincs, traduit de l'Anglais de David Humphreys, and some other works, besides articles in the Encyclopedie, &c. He died in 1'88. It was but a short time before his death that the Marquis was married, and he wrote to Washington advising him of the happy event. The Chief answered in one of the few examples of written pleasantry we have from him. "I was," he says, "not less delighted than surprised to meet the plain American words,'my wife.' A wife! well, my dear Marquis, I can scarcely refrain from smiling to find you caught at last. I saw by the eulogium you often made on the happiness of domestic life in America that you had swallowed the bait, and that you would as surely be taken, one day or another, as that you were a philosopher and a soldier. So your day has at length come. I am glad of it, with all my heart. It is quite good enough for you. Now you are well served for coming to fight in favor of the American rebels, all the way across the Atlantic ocean, by catching that terrible contagion, domestic felicity, which, like the small pox or the plague, a man can have only once in his life, because it commonly lasts him, (at least with us in America: I know not how you manage these matters in France,) for his whole lifetime. And yet, after all, the worst wish which I can find it in my heart to make against Madame de Chastellux and yourself is, that you may neither of you ever get the better of this same domestic felicity, during the entire course of your mortal existence. If so wonderful an event should have occasioned me, my dear Marquis, to write in a strange style, you will understand me as clearly as if I had said, what in plain English is the simple truth,' Do me the justice to believe that I take a heartfelt interest in whatever concerns your happiness.' And, in this view, I sincerely congratulate you on your auspicious matrimonial connection." 10 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. a young girl."* M. de Chastellux discovered that the Americans had the bad habit of eating too frequently, and they made him play at whist, with English cards, much handsomer and dearer than were used in Paris, and marked their points with louis d'orse The stakes however were easy to settle, notwithstanding the addiction of the people of this country to gambling, for the company was still faithful to that voluntary law established in society which prohibited playing for money during the war. M. Jean Pierre Brissot de Warville followed in a few years, and was not less pleased than the Marquis de Chastellux with the amiable, affable, hospitable people of Boston. Were he to paint all the estimable characters he met in that charming town, he tells us, his portraits would never be finished. The Bostonians were even then somewhat too philosophical in their religion, but they united simplicity of morals with that French politeness and delicacy of manners which rendered virtue most agreeable. They were true friends, tender husbands, almost idolatrous parents, and kind masters. The grim young republican heard in some houses the piano forte, and exclaimed, " God grant that the Boston women may never, like those of Paris, acquire la maladie of perfection in the art of music, which is not to be attained but at the expense of the domestic virtues!' The " demoiselles here had the liberty enjoyed in Geneva, when morals were there, in the time of the republic; and they did not abuse it. Their frank and tender hearts had nothing to fear from the perfidy of men: the vows of love were believed;" and wives, to sum up all, were " occupied in rendering their husbands happy." * Miss Temple, afterward Mrs. Winthrop, and the mother of the present Mr, Robert C. wVinthrop, was brought up in Governor Bowdoin's family, and adopted by him as a daughter. With him she lived during the whole period of the revolution, meeting at his house Franklin and Lafayette, and all the French and American officers of distinction who visited the city. Lafayette was a great admirer of hers, and called often to see her during his last visit to America. She was long the reigning belle of Boston. PEACE. 11 Ill. PHmILADELPHIA, it will be perceived, was still the largest town in the country. By general consent it had been regarded as the metropolis, except while occupied by the enemy, during. the war. The Chevalier de Beaujour, who described it a few years later, denies its claim to be considered the most beautiful city in the world, but admits that it was the most remarkable for the regularity of its streets, and the cleanliness of its houses. "It is cut," he says, " like a chess-board, at right angles. All the streets and houses resemble each other, and nothing is so gloomy as this uniformity, unless it be the sadness of the inhabitants, the greater part of whom are of Quaker or Puritan descent." Society here, in the middle of the last century, was divided into two classes of families, recognized as of family rank, though family rank of very different kinds. One comprised the Logans, Shippens, Pembertons, Morrises, Wains, Lloyds (of the ancient house of Dolobran), Hills, Wynnes, Moores, Benezets, Norrises, Peningtons, and a few others of Quaker antiquity, highly esteemed even beyond the circle of their sect for substantial qualities and comfortable regard for domestic ease, but bound, of course, by the essence of their faith, to an abnegation of nearly every thing that belonged to the spirit of the cavalier, and of every thing which illustrates itself in the tastes or shows of life. This was the elder part of the provincial aristocracy. Some of them or their ancestors had come on "The Welcome,'" along with William Penn himself, and whatever had been their rank at home —-in many cases it was of unquestionable respectability- they formed in Pennsylvania a sort of " Battle Abbey Roll,"' and some time before the death of Penn had obtained a peaceable possession from which the advent of a class more liberal, educated, and accomplished, has never dispossessed their names. 12 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. The death of the founder of Pennsylvania in 1q18, the increasing wealth and civilization of the colony, and the return of the proprietory descendants to the established church, brought from England at a later date, and generally about the middle of the last century, a class of entirely different families. For the most part they were in some connection with the proprietary offices, now grown important. They were with few exceptions of the Church of England, and of liberal education - merchants trained in the honorable principles of a large commerce, lawyers who had pursued their studies at the Temple -and it may be supposed were recognized at home as people of liberal culture, of social refinement, and "of orthodox principles, both in church and state." Such doubtless were the Allens, Ashetons (though this family came earlier), Lawrences, Chews, Tilghmans, Plumsteds, Hamiltons, Hackleys, Inglises, Simses, Francises, M1asters, Bonds, Peterses, Conynghams of Conyngham, Chancellors, and Maddoxes. These last two, of which the second is extinct in the male line, came in the beginning of the century. Certain of the Shippens, likewise, originally of Quaker affinities, had now in the third generation been so educated in England as to belong more to this class than to the former one, and several families from Scotland, who had arrived in Philadelphia about 1740 to 1745, are also to be reckoned in it. These all constitutecd a secondary formation in the colonial stratification. At a later date the men of the revolution, Bradford, McKean, Biddle, Mifflin, and many, of rank, from other states, such as Major Pierce Butler, Mr. Boudinot, Mr. Reed, and some others, whom public affairs brought permanently to Philadelphia, were a third class, which comprised a few and only a few of both the former classes: the Quakers having been generally excluded as averse to war of any kind, and many of the provincial gentry as averse to a war with Great Britain. The small number of the older classes, principally of PEACE. 13 the second, who supported the war, attracted to their new character more than the natural influence of their former colonial standing.* IV. EMINENT among the English families of this second class were the Willings, who for strong social connections and great weight * The following document, never before published in a form likely to be preserved, is curious and interesting. It is a copy of the original subscription list to the first city dancing assembly, held in Philadelphia in the year 1748. It contains a record of most of the persons then in Philadelphia belonging to the second class of which I have spoken. Some of the names, such as those of Kidd, Mackimen, Sober, Wiseheart, Polyceen, Boyle, Godons, Cottenham, Maland, and Cozzens, are, I believe, hardly now known even to antiquaries in that city. They were probably strangers or temporary residents. A few, like those of Bond, Stedman, Franks, Inglis, and Levy, are now represented in female lines. But notwithstanding the change often made upon the structure and chances of our society by our transatlantic brethren, it will be obvious that now, at the distance of one hundred and twenty-five years from its date -a revolution having occurred in the meantime, and a republican commonwealth having taken the place of a proprietary and royal province -many of the remaining names still subsist and are well known in the identical form on which they appear on the original subscription list, made twenty-eight years before the Declaration of Independence. A list of subscribers for an Assembly, unders the direction of John, Ifnglis, LynafordLardnor, Jo7nTWallace, and JoAhn Swift: Ea7ch sbscription forty shillings, to be paid to any of the directors on subscribing. Alexander Hamilton, T. Lawrence, sen., James Hamilton, John Inglis, James Polyceen, T. Lawrence, jr., David McIlvaine, Robert Mackimon, R. Wiseheart, William Franklin, John Wallace, John Wilcocks, William Allen, Abram Taylor, Henry Harrison, Phineas Bond, Charles Steadman, Archibald McCall, James Trotter, John Hewson, Charles Willing, John Kidd, Joseph Turner, Samson Levy, Daniel Boyle, Joseph Shippen, William Bingham, Thomas Hopkinson, Lynford Lardnor, Thomas White, Samuel 5McCall, jr., Buckridge Sims, Richard Peters, Richard Hill, jr., John Lawrence, George McCall, John Swift, Adam Thomson, Benjamin Price, Thomas Godons, Edward Jones, John Kearsley, jr., Alexander Steadman, John Francis, John Cottenham, Samuel McCall, sen., William Plumsted, Patrick Baird, William McIlvaine, John Maland, R. Conyingham, Andrew Elliot, John Sober, William Humphreys, William Cozzens, Joseph Sims, James Burd, David Franks, William Peters, The above list is older than the one given by Mr. Watson, in his "Annals." That careful antiquary furnishes the following catalogue of fashionable " belies and dames" for the ball of the City Assembly in 1757: Mrs. Allen, Mrs. Joseph Shippen, Mrs. Alex. Steadman, Miss Betty Plumsted, Miss Nancy Willing, Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Dolgreen, Mrs. IHopkinson, Miss Rebecca Davis, Miss Dolly Willing, Mrs. Hamilton, Mrs. Phineas Bond, Miss Patty Ellis, Miss Jeany Greame, Mrs. M'Ilvaine, Mrs. Brotherson, Mrs. Burd, Mrs. Marks, Miss Nelly M'Call, Miss Betty G.ryden, Mrs. Inglis, Mrs. Chas. Steadman, Miss Molly Francis, Miss Randolph, Miss Sally Fishbourn, Mrs. Jeykell, Mrs. Thomas White, Miss Betty Francis, Miss Sophia White, Miss Furnell, hirs. Franks, Mrs. Johnes, Miss Osburn, Mrs Venables, Miss Isabella Cairnie, Mrs. Lydia M'Call, Mrs. Warren, Miss Sober, Miss Hyatt, Miss Pennyfaither, Mrs. Sam'l M'Call, sen., Mrs. Oswald, Miss Molly Lawrence, Miss Betty Clifften, Miss Jeany Richardson, Mrs. Sam'l M'Call, jr., Mrs. Thomas Bond, Miss Kitty Lawrence, Miss Molly Dick, Mrs. Reily, Mrs. Swift, Mrs. Davey, Mrs. George Smith, Miss Fanny Jeykell, Mrs. Graydon,, lMrs. Sims, Mrs. Wm. Humphreys, Miss Nancy Hickman, Miss Fanny Marlks, Mrs. Ross, Mrs. Willcocks, Mrs. Pennery, Miss Sally Hunlock, Miss Peggy Oswald, Mrs. Pete-r Bard, Mrs. Lawrence, Mrs. Henry Harrison, Miss Peggy Harding, Miss Betty Oswald, Mrs. Franklin, Mrs. Greame, Mrs. Bingham, Miss Molly M'Call, Miss Sally Woodrop, Miss L. de Normandie, Mrs. Robertson, Mrs. Clymer, Miss Peggy M'Call, Miss Molly Oswald, liss Phebe Winecoop, Mrs Francis, Mrs. Wallace, Mrs. Lardner, Mrs. Willing, Mrs. Harkly. 14 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. of both public and private character enjoyed an enviable dictinction. The name, though found in Germany, has become nearly extinct in England, where it originated, and in our own country has hardly been known out of Philadelphia. The family has however in later days given a member to the peerage of Great Britain,* and the wife, first of a count and afterwards of a marquis, of France,t while, without any title, a third has illustrated for a long time the beauty of American women in the metropolis of Europe. The first of this family of whom I have heard, although I believe it is traced much further, was Joseph Willing, of Gloucestershire, who married about two centuries since Ava Lowre, of that county, the heiress of a good estate which had descended to her through several generations of Saxon ancestors, and whose arms he seems T to have assumed, on their marriage, in place of his own. Their son Thomas married Anne Harrison, a grand-daughter in the paternal line of Thomas Harrison,~ and in the maternal of Simon Mayne. The former was a 3Major General in the Protector's army and a member of the long Parliament; the latter was also a prominent actor in Cromwell's time; and both were members of the court which condemned Charles the First to death. Whether he considered this part of his ancestral history a good title to consideration in a country settled by puritans, in the G" dissidence of dissent," or whether he was attracted by the rising commercial glory of this country, I am not sufficiently informed to say; but having visited America in 1120, and spent five years here, Mr. Thomas'Willing brought his son Charles over in 1728 and established him * The present Lord Ashburton, great-grandson of Thomas Willing of Philadelphia. f La Marquise de Blaisel..: "Sable a hand, couped at the wrist, grasping three darts, one in pale and two in sallure, argent." ~ The late President William Henry Harrison, was, I believe, a descendant of Major General Harrison, of Cromwell's army. At the time of his death a copy of an original painting of the Protector's friend was just completed for his gratification. PEACE. 15 in commerce in Philadelphia, himself returning home. Charles, the first who remained in the country, may therefore be considered the founder of the American family. Few men in a private station have any where enjoyed greater influence or attained to a more dignified respectability. His house, still standing at the southwest corner of Third street and Willing's alley, though now deprived of its noble grounds, running back to Fourth street * and far onward down to Spruce street, and shaded with oaks that might be regarded as of the primeval forests,t is still remarked for its spacious comfort and its old-fashioned repose. He pursued for a quarter of a century with great success and with noble fidelity to its best principles the profession of a merchant, in which he obtained the highest consideration, by the scope, vigor and forecast of his understanding, his great executive power, his unspotted integrity, and the amenity of his disposition and manners. Toward the close of his life he discharged with vigilance, dignity, and impartiality, the important functions of the chief magistracy of the city, in which he died, respected by the whole community, in November, 1754 — just one century ago —at the early age of forty-four. His wife was Anne, grand-daughter of Edward Shippen,4 a person of com* The west end of this lot, fronting on Fourth street, Mr. Thomas Willing, son of the person here mentioned, surrendered to his son-in-law and nephew, Mr. Thomas Willing Francis, who built upon it the beautiful mansion now occupied by Mr. Joseph R. Ingersoll. On the southern part, Charles Willing himself built a residence, which has since given place to other buildings, for his son-in-law, Colonel William Byrd, of Westover, in Virginia. General Washington for some time had his head-quarters at Philadelphia in this house. It was afterwards the residence of Chief Justice Chew. f The now venerable buttonwood, standing in front of the old mansion at the corner of Third street and Willing's alley, was planted in 1749, and is therefore one hundred and five years old. T William Shippen, of York, gentleman, had three sons, 1, Robert, rector of Stockport, in Cheshire, and father of Robert, Principal of Brazen Nose, Oxford, 2, William, a leader in Parliament in Robert Walpole's time (the " downright Shippen" of Pope), 3, Edward, born in 1639, who, having by the death of his brothers inherited their estates, came to America in 1672. In 1695 he wwas elected Speaker of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, and under the city charter appointed in 1701 the first mayor of Philadelphia. From 1702 to 1704 he was president of the governor's council. He died in 1712, leaving a vast landed estate. 16 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. manding influence in the early history of Pennsylvania. His son was Mr. Thomas Willing, a man whose virtues have been recorded with a truth and eloquence which heighten the dignity of even such a character as his.* IN all civil wars men of hereditary rank and fortune are apt to adhere to the established authority, and this was eminently true in the war which led to American Independence. The loyalists were in a large degree people of good condition, accomplished in manners as well as in learning, and by their defection the country lost many persons who at the end of the contest would have been among her most useful citizens, and the brightest ornaments of her domestic life. The Fairfaxes, Galloways, Dulaneys, Delanceys, Robinsons, Penns, Phillipses, Whites, and others, if of the Whig party would probably have been even more distinguished in society than in affairs, though the military and civil abilities which some of them displayed against us, or in foreign countries, showed that they might have nobly served their fatherland in these capacities, and participated with the most successful and most honored of her faithful sons, in her affections and her grateful rewards. However strongly influenced by considerations of justice, many of them must have shared the feelings attributed by Freneau to Hugh Gaine, on dis* The following inscription, copied from a monument in Christ Church grounds, Philadelphia, is understood to be from the pen of Mr. Horace Binney: " In memory of Thomas Willing, Esquire, born nineteenth of December, 1781, 0. S., died nineteenth of January, 1821, aged eighty-nine years and thirty days. This excellent man, in all the relations of private life, and in various stations of high public trust, deserved and acquired the devoted affection of his family and friends, and the universal respect of his fellow-citizens. From 1754 to 1807 he successively held the offices of secretary to the Congress of Delegates at Albany, mayor of the city of Philadelphia, her representative in the General Assembly, President of the Provincial Congress, delegate to the Congress of the Confederation, President of the first chartered Bank in America, and President of the first Bank of the United States. With these public duties, he united the business of an active, enterprising, and successfutl merchant, in which pursuit, for sixty years, his life was rich in examples of the influence of probity, fidelity, and perseverance upon the stability of commercial establishments, and upon that which was his distinguished reward upon earth, public consideration and esteem. Ilis profound adoration of the Great Supreme, and his deep sense of dependence on his mercy, in life and in death, gave him, at the close of his protracted years, tht humble hope of a superior one in Heaven." PEACEEo 17 covering that he had connected himself with the losing side. One, a young gentleman of Maryland, who held a commission in the British army, after the war was over addressed from London to his sister, in this country, a poem on the subject, in which there are some passages of generous feeling and considerable literary merit, as will be seen from the following extracts, in which he laments the mistake so fatal to his happiness. Referring to his sister's portrait he says: "Methinks now starting from my trembling hands, Kissed into life, thy glowing image stands, While vivid fancy lends me power to trace The strong similitude of mind and face. I see, enraptured, how thy features prove Thy partial fondness, thy fraternal love. Those languid eyes, all eloquent in tears, Lament my absence, and attest thy fearsThose generous fears which have too plainly shown A brother's sorrows are not all his own I.... "Ah, what avails it that in early morn Life's fragrant roses bloomed without a thorn I That on my youth propitious fortune smiled, And Hope, illusive, every hour beguiled! Ah, what avails it, but in me to show How near are joined the extremes of bliss and woe!... Not twenty summers had matured my prime When civil Discord, nurse of every crime, Inflamed by interest and by rage inspired, To active life had every bosom fired. Spurning at ease, impatient of control, While jocund health beat vigorous in my soul, To loyal arms with eager haste I flew, And, in my sovereign's service, early drew A faithful sword, that boldly dared oppose The sons of Freedom-then, I thought, her foes! " Let duller mortals, sensibly discreet, Whose callous hearts with frigid caution beat, Whose guarded conduct, cold Discretion guides, While sober Prudence o'er each step presides, With nice precision dubious currents weigh, And, as the scale preponderates, obey. 18 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. From all my follies, all my faults, exempt, Beneath my pity, as beneath contempt, Let such exult!.... In either war or love No half-formed passions do my bosom move; But nobly daring, when the die was cast, And war's decree within my country passed, To fly from Pleasure's fascinating chains, Nor waste my youth in dull inglorious scenes, Unswayed by interest, unappalled by fear, My actions open, and my purpose clear, With frank avowal was that course pursued Whose flattering prospects promised public good. But had I thought that Britain bared her hand To forge a fetter for my native land, By all the sacred hosts of heaven I swear My country's welfare should have been my care!. Let those who know me best, my thoughts portray, And flush my conduct in the face of day; Let those who hate me most with truth proclaim If ever yet dishonor stamped my name." The author of this rare and curious poem appears to have been of the party of loyalists sent into Florida" To guard the frontier from incursive foes Where, through rich canes, the rapid Tensaw flows, To waste whole weeks amid a savage band, Wild as the woods and worthless as the sand;' and finally to have gone to London, where a course of dissipation injured his constitution, and made indispensable for his repose the gentle care which could be found only in the home he had forfeited by his mistaken loyalty. Reviewing his gay career he exclaims: "Ah, thoughtless, careless, in the transient scene, When coming pain should dissipate the dream, When Wisdom's slighted precepts in my breast Should waken fears which buoyant youth supprest, And sad Experience should this truth disclose, That one may feel the thorn, yet not enjoy the rose!" PEACE. 19 VL THE most celebrated fete ever given in Philadelphia was that of the Meschianza, during the revolution. The famous Major Andre, whom writers of sentimental verses and romances have represented, with but little reason, as a very Bayard in character, left an interesting account of it, which has frequently been published. The next entertainment in the city, of which we have any very minute history, was that given on the occasion of the birthday of the Dauphin of France, by the French minister, after the close of the war. Of this we have an ample description, by Dr. Rush, who was present with his family. For weeks the city was amused with preparations for the splendid fete. Hundreds thronged daily to see the great building, erected on the grounds next to M. Luzerne's house, for a dancing room. Its width upon the street was sixty feet, and its roof was supported by lofty pillars, painted and festooned. The interior was finished with taste, and ornamented with a profusion of banners and appropriate pictures, and the surrounding garden, with groves and fountains, spacious walks and numerous seats, invited guests from the crowd and heat of the brilliant hall, to rest, or for pleasing conversation. For ten days before the event nothing else was talked of in the city. The shops were filled with customers; hairdressers were retained; and tailors, milliners, and mantuamakers, seemed to have in their keeping the happiness of all who belonged to the fashionable world. The anxiously expected day at length arrived. At an early hour a corps of hairdressers took possession of the room assigned to the city watchmen, and so great was the demand on their attention, that many ladies were obliged to have their heads dressed between four and six o'clock in the morning. At seven o'clock in the evening, the hour appointed for the meeting of the company, it was 20 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. believed that the streets, in the immediate vicinity of the minister's house, contained more than ten thousand of the curious and idle men, women, and children, of the city and adjacent country. "At about eight o'clock,' says Dr. Rush, "our family, consisting of Mrs. Rush, our cousin, Susan Hall, our sister Sukey, and myself, with our good neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, entered the apartment provided for this splendid entertainment. We were received through a wide gate, by the minister, and conducted by one of his family to the dancing room. The scene now almost exceeded description. The numerous lights distributed through the garden, the splendor of the room we were approaching, the size of the company which was already collected, and which consisted of about seven hundred persons, the brilliancy and variety of their dresses, and the band of music, which had just begun to play, had together an effect which resembled enchantment. Sukey Stockton said, her mind was' carried beyond and out of itself.' Here were ladies and gentlemen of the most ancient as well as of the most modern families. Here were lawyers, doctors, and ministers of the Gospel. Here were the learned faculty of the college, and among them many who knew not whether Cicero plead in Latin or in Greek, or whether Horace was a Roman or a Scotchman. Here were painters and musicians, poets and philosophers, and men who were never moved by beauty or harmony, or by rhyme or reason. Here were the president and members of Congress, governors of states, generals of armies, and the ministers of finance, war, and foreign affairs. The company was mixed, but the mixture formed the harmony of the evening. The whole assembly behaved to each other as if they had been members of the same family. It was impossible to partake of the joy without being struck with the occasion of it: it was to celebrate the birth of a Dauphin of France." The Doctor indulges in some agreeable reflections PEACE 21 on the change of feeling toward France, induced by her recent assistance against Great Britain, which this imposing festival illustrated and confirmed; and he then proceeds to describe the groups into which the vast assembly naturally divided itself. "Here," he says,:"were to be seen heroes and patriots in close conversation with each other; Washington and Dickinson held several dialogues together; Rutledge and Walton, from the south, here conversed with Lincoln and Duane, from the east and the north; and Mifflin and Reed accosted each other, with all the kindness of ancient friends." At half-past eight o'clock commenced the dancing; at nine, there was an exhibition of fire-works; at twelve, in three large tents, in the adjacent grounds, was served the supper; and before three in the morning, the whole company had separated and the lights were extinguished. VII. TiHE famous belle, Miss Vining,* in a letter to Governor Dickinson, in 1783, complains that Philadelphia had lost all its gayety: Miss Vining, in 1783, was twenty-five years of age. Miss Montgomery, in her " Reminiscences of Wilmington," says her rare beauty and graceful form commanded admiration, and her intellectual endowments-a mind stored with historical knowledge, and sparkling effusions of wit-entertained the literati and amused the gay. The singular fluency and elegance with which she spoke the French language, with her vivacity, grace, and amiability, had made her a general favorite with the French officers, who praised her in their home correspondence to such a degree that her name became familiar in l;aris, and the queen, Marie Antoinette, spoke of her with enthusiasm, to Mr. Jefferson, expressing a wish that she might some time see her at the Tuileries. The intimate friendships she formed during the Revolution were preserved after the peace, by a large correspondence with distinguished men. Lafayette appeals to have been very much attached to her, and she wrote to him frequently until she died. Foreigners of rank rarely visited Wilmington, after Miss Vining's retirement from the society of Philadelphia, without soliciting an introduction to her. Among her guests were the Duke de Liancourt, the Duke of Orleans (Louis Philippe), and many others; and it is related that General Miranda, passing through the town in a mail-coach, at night, left his card for her at the post-office. The death of her brother, a man of eminent abilities, who was chosen at an early age a member of Congress from Delaware, was followed by a series of misfortunes, and retiring fiom the gay world, in the maturity of her charms, she passed the closing years of her life in poverty and seclusion 22 T HE REPUBLICAN COURT. with the removal of Congress from the city, but adds, "You know however, that here alone can be found a truly intellectual and refined society, such as one naturally expects in the capital of a great country." Miss Franks, who was not less celebrated, for her wit, and the dashing gayety of her manners, agreed with Miss Vining as to the superiority of the men and women of Philadelphia, and in an autograph letter of hers which is before me, written while on Long Island, and addressed to her elder sister, the wife of Andrew Hamilton, of "Woodlands,"' west of the Schuylkill, she presents us with a graphic and amusing description of the higher social life of New York, with the contrasts it oftered to that in her own city. This letter, though so long, is at the same time so unique and piquant that I copy it nearly entire:... L You will think I have taken up my abode for the summner at Mrs. Van Horne's, but on the contrary, this day I return to the disagreeable, hot town, much against my will, and the inclination of the family. I cannot however bear papa's being so much alone, and he will not be persuaded to lquit the city, though I am sure he can have no business to keep him there. Two nights he staid with us, which is all I have seen of him since I left home. I am quite angry with him. I have written you several times these two weeks; so you can have no cause to complain, unless it is of being too often troubled with my nonsense. " You ask a description of the Miss Van Horne who was with me —Cornelia. She is in disposition as fine a girl as ever you saw, with a great deal of good humor and good sense. Her person is too large for a beauty, in my opinion, and yet I am not partial to little women; her complexion, eyes, and teeth, are very good; and she has a great quantity of light brown hair (entre nous, the girls of New York excel us Philadelphians in that particular, and in their forms), a sweet countenance and an agreeable smile...... PEACE. 23 Her sister Kitty is the belle of the family, I think, though some give the preference to Betsey... Kitty's form is much in the style of our admired Mrs. Galloway, but she is rather taller and largerher complexion very fine, and the finest hair I ever savw. Her teeth are beginning to decay, which is the case with most New York girls, after eighteen. She has a great deal of elegance of manners. By the bye, few ladies here know how to entertain company in their own houses, unless they introduce the card-table. [Except the Van Hornes, who are remarkable for their good sense and ease, I don't know a woman or girl who can chat above half an hour, and that on the form of a cap, the color of a ribbon, or the set of a hoop, stay, or jqpwon. I will do our ladies-that is, the Philadelphians-the justice to say, that they have more cleverness in the turn of an eye, than those of New York have in their whole composition. With what ease have I seen a Chew, a Penn, an Oswald, an Allen, and a thousand others, entertain a large circle of both sexes, the conversation, without the aid of cards, never flagging nor seeming in the least strained or stupid. Here-or, more properly speaking, in New York-you enter the room with a formal, set curtsy, and after the how-dos, things are finished; all's a dead calm till the cards are introduced, when you see pleasure dancing in the eyes of all the matrons, and they seem to gain new life. The maidens, if they have favorite swains, frequently decline playing, for the pleasure of making love; for to all appearance it is the ladies, not the gentlemen, who nowadays show a preference. It is here, I fancy, always leap-year. For my part, who am used to quite another style of behavior, I cannot help showing surprise -perhaps they call it ignorance-when I see a lady single out her pet, and lean almost into his arms, at an assembly or a play-house, (which I give my honor I have too often seen both with the married and single), or hear one confess a partiality for a man, whom, 24 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. perhaps, she has not seen three times:'Well! I declare he is a delightful creature, and I could love him for my husband! one exclaims, or,' I could marry such a gentleman!' Indeed scandal says that, in the cases of most who have been married, the first advances came from the lady's side, or she got a male friend to introduce the intended victim and pass her off. This is really the case, and with me ladies thus lose half their charms. I suspect there would be more marriages were another mode adopted: they have made the men so saucy, that I sincerely believe the lowest ensign thinks he has but to ask, and have, —that a red coat and smart epaulette * is sufficient to secure a female heart. " I was obliged to cut just as I finished the word heart! General Robertson, Commodore Afflick, and Major Murray made their appearance, and as I was writing in the parlor quite e, di&shabille, I was obliged to make the best of my way out. I am glad they came, as it broke my ill-natured train of ideas; I am quite ashamed of it; there is too much truth in what I have written, to be known, and if it should be known, I'11 throw all the blame on you, as it was owing to the questions you asked of this family, which, remember, I again say are excepted in every particular, that I describe thus the common run in New York society. " I shall send a, pattern of the newest bonnets: there is no crown, but gauze is raised on wire, and pinched to a sugar loaf at the top, — the lighter the trimming the more fashionable-and all quilling. NancyVan Horne and myself employed yesterday morning in trying to dress a rag baby in the fashion, but could not succeed; it shall go, however, as it will in some degree give you an opinion on the subject. As to the jacket, and the pinning on of the handkerchief, yours, you say, reaches to the arm. I know it, but it must be * This was written before the evacuation of New York by the British, and Miss Franks was herself already engaged to a distinguished British officer. PEACE. 25 pinned up to the top of the shoulders, and quite under the arm, as you would a girl's vandyke. The fuller it sets the handsomer it is thought. Nobody ever sets a handkerchief out in the neck, and a gauze handkerchief is always worn double, and the largest that can be got; it is pinned round the throat, as Mrs. Penn always did, and made to set out before like the chitterling of a man's shirt. The ladies here always wear either a pin or a brooch, as the men do. Two more beaus! Captain Afflick and and Mr. Biddulph, the first frightful, and the other very genteel and clever. " Lord! if this letter is seen, I shall be killed! or I must fly to you, for protection. You may imagine what an indifferent I am, to continue writing, with beaus in the room; but so it is! I am not what I was. "You' beg to know' what my presents are: when they arrive I'll tell you. They are on board Cooper and Miller's ship, which Mr. Wier says I must not expect till September. How provoking! Aunt Richa writes me word by the last packet, or rather by Oliver De Lancey, who is come in it, that by him I shall have a handsome dress cap, of Charlotte IDe Lancey's choosing, and two pairs of shoes. The shoes came with her letter, and I sent post-haste to town for the cap, but did not get it. Mr. De Lancey said she talked of sending it by him, but afterwards thought it would be safer to come by the fleet; so that in September, and not before, I shall be fne! The shoes, or rather the patterns for them, are, one pair, dark maroon, embroidered with gold, and the other, white, with pink. Charlotte says she hopes they'11 be wedlock shoeswhich I much doubt, The dear good old lady seems in the fidgets to have me married; I wish she herself were younger; I'd certainly recommend him to her-she seems so fond of him.... " There is so nmuch talking, I scarce know what I write; it is to a sister however, and I hope her partial eyes will not permit her to 26 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. see blunders, or if she should, that her kindness will find excuses for them.... The letter is so long that you must make the girls take a share in it, as I have not time to write to them now, and there is nothing new to tell them. Tell Peggy Chew I hope she'll accept the spangles and thread —'t is the only return I can make for the pleasure I receive from her very entertaining letters. Yesterday the grenadiers had a race at the Flat Lands, and in the afternoon this house swarmed with the beaus, and some very smart ones. How the girls would have envied me, could they have peeped in and seen how I was surrounded! and yet; I should have been as happy, if not much more so, if spending the afternoon with the Thursday party at Woodlands. I am glad to hear you're out there, as the town must be dreadful this hot summer. New York is bad enough, though I do not think it as warm as Philadelphia. Your health, in punch I The Van Hornes join with me in begging to be remembered, particularly to Mrs. Harleston and her mother: I hope you'll visit them; do, if't is only on Harleston's account, whose memory I ever shall respect. I have spent happier days with him than I fear I ever shall experience again! If you tell Billy Hamilton I say so, he'11 swear I still retain a remainder of my former penchant; but assure him't is only a pure and lively friendship. Letters, this moment, from you and Peggy Chew, and one from Mrs. Arnold! I must stop to read them... Tell Peggy I give her leave to read all I write, if she'11 take the trouble. I am happy here; tell her't is only for a visit; I wish to be with you... Love to every body." This letter is very characteristic of its author. She was the youngest of three daughters of David Franks, a wealthy Jewish merchant of Philadelphia. The eldest sister, Phila, was married to General Oliver De Lancey, who soon after the breaking out of the revolution accepted a commission in the British army, having What, but poverty and chains! "Born to honors, ease, and wealth, See him sacrifice them all; Sacrificing also health, At his country's glorious call. What for thee, my friend, remains, What, but poverty and chains! "Thus, with laurels on his brow, Belisarius begged for bread; Thus, from Carthage forced to go, Hannibal an exile fled. Alas! Fayette at once sustains, EXILE, POVERTY, and CHAINS! " Courage, child of Washington! Though thy fate disastrous seems, We have seen the setting sun Rise and burn with brighter beams. Thy country soon shall break thy chain, And take thee to her arms again. Thy country soon shall break thy chain, And take thee to her arms again! LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 337 These verses were not written for publication or criticism, and are not to be received as an example of Mr. Bradford's poetical abilities, but private copies of them were circulated, and they were sometimes sung to a plaintive air composed on the execution of Marie Antoinette, which was current in Philadelphia after that melancholy tragedy. V. AmONG the women most intimate with Mrs. Washington, Mr. Custis mentions in a recent letter to me, besides Mrs. Hamilton, Mrs. Knox, 1Mrs. Stewart, 1Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Powell, and others who have been frequently referred to in these pages, Mrs. Bradford, lMfrs. Otis, and Miss Rloss. "Mrs. Knox," says the Duke de la Rochefoucauld Liancourt, "' is a lady of whom you conceive a still higher opinion the longer you are acquainted with her. Seeing her in Philadelphia you think of her only as a fortunate player at whist; at her house in the country you discover that she possesses sprightliness, knowledge, a good heart, and an excellent understanding." Of her daughter he tells us, that at their home in Maine " she lays aside her excessive timidity, and you admire alike her beauty, wit, and cheerfulness;" and of the General, " he is one of the worthiest men I have ever known -lively, agreeable, valuable equally as an excellent friend and as an engaging companion." lMrs. Otis was the wife of the secretary of the senate, and mother of the great orator, Harrison Gray Otis, who was married in Boston on the fifteenth of May, 1790, to Sally Foster, daughter of a merchant of that city, at that time a few weeks over twenty years of age. Mr. Otis was not elected to Congress until the retirement of Fisher Ames, in 1797; but, with his youthful wife, remarkable for beauty and wit, as well as for an intellectual vivacity, tempered always by an indescribable grace, he was temuch in metropolitan society during the 43 338 TIHE REPUBLICAN COURT. entire period of Washington's administration. Mrs. Stewart was the wife of General Walter Stewart, who lived in the house next to the President's, toward Fifth street. Miss Ross was the beautiful daughter of Mr. James Ross of Pittsburg, one of the senators representing the State of Pennsylvania Mrs. Bradford* was the only * " The widow of Mr. Bradford," writes Mr. Richard Rush, " still lives in an ancient town on the banks of the Delaware, a beautiful relict of the days here recalled; her house the abode of hospitality as abundant as it is cordial and elegant; and fourscore years and more not having impaired the courtesy, the grace, the habitual suavity and kindness, or even that disciplined carriage of the person, all made part of her nature by her early intercourse and the school in which she was reared; for if Portia, speaking of herself as Cato's daughter and wife of Brutus, could exclaim,' Think you I am no stronger than my sex, being so fathered and so husbanded!' it may be permitted us to say of this venerable relict, once of the Washington circle, and being' father6d and husbanded' as we have also seen, she could not be other than she is." The late Mrs. Susan Wallace, whose husband, Mr. John Bradford Wallace, was a nephew of Mr. Bradford, described her, many years after the events referred to in the text, in the following extract which I am permitted to make from her diary: "Mrs. Bradford, one of my guests, is a remarkable woman, one of the finest models of mild and courtly dignity this country, or any other indeed, can exhibit. Accustomed from childhood to the best society - the only child of most respectable parents, of family rank - offices of trust and honor were numerous and common to her intimate connexions; and her happy and much caressed girlhood was passed in an intercourse with persons long since the boast of the brightest days of American refinement and patriotism. She intermarried with William Bradford, a man whose character combined almost every virtue, talent, and accomplishment. With him she commanded a sphere of extensive influence, the just desert of their united excellencies, and lived, as I have heard her say, for more than ten years in the full possession of every earthly enjoyment. Well for them they lived as Christian persons ought to live, in constant remembrance of their accountability to God! for in the height of eminent distinction, of official station, of favor with the first men and women of the country, and in possession of domestic joy and peace -in the moment when they thought not of interruption or disappointment -their well-planned schemes of happiness were laid in the dust. A fever attacked Mr. Bradford, and a few days terminated his life. H1is tender and devoted wife was overwhelmed with the agonies of grief, and her kind parents long essayed in vain to restore her to composure and to social intercourse Time, at last, in connection with religious influences, did its work in lessening the destructive ravages of sorrow, and for many years past Mrs. Bradford has maintained a position of useful and elegant hospitality to her numerous relatives, and her warm and affectionate friends. She is now in the vale of years, but it is neither rough nor dark. Her beneficence, urbanity, and social sweetness, shed a temperate light over all her paths, and are gently smoothing the downward road that is to be closed on life, and opened, I trust, to immortal peace and joy. No one I believe can anticipate the near approach of death with calmiess but those who envelop themselves with the illusions of sensible imagery, or that small and highly-privileged class, who, by repentance and faith, have made themselves acquainted with the gracious promises of their blessed Saviour, and rest their anxious, trembling spirits on His everlasting arms." LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 339 child of Elias Boudinot, one of the most respectable characters of the revolution, and she and Mrs. Hamilton and Mrs. Charles Carroll, the younger, I believe are the only ladies of our Republican Court now- living. Mrs. Carroll was one of the daughters of Benjamin Chew. She was not married until after Washington's final retirement to Mount Vernon, but she and her sister, Mrs. Henry Philips, were great favorites with the Chief, and were much in his society as girls. The marriage of an elder sister, to Colonel John Eager HEoward, of Baltimore, was attended by him at Chew's baronial house in Germantown during the sittings of the Federal Convention in 1787. Mrs. Howard came back to reside in Philadelphia in 1796, when her husband entered Congress as a senator from Maryland. Dolly Payne, born in North Carolina, had been educated according to the strictest rules of the Quakers, in Philadelphia, where at an early age she married a young lawyer of this sect, named Todd; but becoming a widow she threw off drab silks and plain laces, and was for several years one of the gayest and most fascinating women of the city. She had many lovers, but she gave the preference to Mr. Madison, and became his wife in 1794. Among the accomplished and fashionable men who were at this period in public life were Robert Goodloe Harper, a son-in-law of Charles Carroll the elder, and William Smith, of Charleston, who married a sister of John Rutledge. They were conspicuous members of the Federal party, and had great influence in Congress. Aaron Burr, who was now a senator, lived in style, and gave elegant entertainments, but his associates were chiefly politicians. Adams mentions dining with him, and in another letter, written about the same time, says: "Yesterday I dined at Mr. Morris's, where hospitality is always precious. A company of venerable old rakes, threescore years of age, or a little over or a little under, sat 84t0 THE RE PUBLICAN COURT. smoking cigars, drinking Burgundy and Madeira, and talking politics, till almost eleven o'clock. This will do once in a great while; not often, for me." M3r. Jefferson also kept a liberal table for his friends, and we have an account of one of his dinners, from the pen of Colonel Trumbull. The artist had been on terms of confidence with Mr. Jefferson, in Europe, and continued to be so for some time after his return to America, so that, he says, "' when the first mission to the states of Barbary was determined on, it was through him offered to me, and declined; but as the French revolution advanced, my whole soul revolted from its atrocities, while he approved of all, or apologized for all; he opposed Washington; I revered him; and a coldness gradually succeeded until, in 1793, he invited me to dine. A few days before, I had offended his friend, Mr. Giles, a senator from Virginia, by rendering him ridiculous in the eyes of a lady * to whose favorable opinion he aspired. On entering the drawingroom at Mr. Jefferson's, on the day of the dinner, I found a part of the company already assembled, among them Mr. Giles; and I was scarcely seated, when he began to rally me on the puritanical e "Among many elegant families which at that time graced the society of Philadelphia, was one particularly distinguished by the intellectual eminence and personal charms of several lovely daughters; to one of these Mr. Giles was disposed to recommend himself. At the same time I was free of the tea-table, and calling one afternoon to beg a cup of tea, I found Mr. Giles in earnest conversatio:l with his favorite, and ridiculing the eilder Mr. Adams, and his work, called the Defence of the American Constitutions. A moment's attention convinced me that he was talking at random, of a subject which he did not understand. I therefore watched an opportunity to interrupt the conversation, by asking,' Mr. Giles, is it possible that you can have taken the trouble to read the long work of which you are speaking?''Certainly.'' The first volume perhaps?''To be sure.''And the second?''Yes.'' You must have observed, then, that these two volumes are little else than a concise epitome of the constitutions of preceding republies. He reserves his own opinions in a great measure for the third volume; I presume you have read that also?' Here Mr. Giles lost his patience, and exclaimed,' Who could wade through such a mass of stuff?' I said no more; but the lady, with one of her sweetest smiles, said, 6 I have observed, Mr. Giles, that you have a habit of giving your opinions of men and things in pretty strong terms; I hope you are careful always to be as accurately informed upon other subjects as you appear to be upon this of Mr. Adams's book.' "-Trumbull's Milemoirs LIFE IN THE C APITAL. 341 ancestry and character of New England. I saw there was no other person from New England present, and therefore, although conscious that I was in no degree qualified to manage a religious discussion, I felt myself bound to defend my country on this delicate point as well as I could. Whether it had been pre-arranged that a debate on the Christian religion, in which it should be powerfully ridiculed on the one side, and weakly defended on the other, was to be brought forward, as promising amusement to a rather freethinking dinner party, I will not presume to say; but it had that appearance, and Mr. Giles pushed his raillery, to my no small annoyance, if not to my discomfiture, uLntil dinner was announced. That, I hoped, would relieve me, by girting a new turn to the conversation; but the company was hardly seated at table, when he renewed his assault with increased asperity, and proceeded so far, at last, as to ridicule the character, conduct and doctrines of the divine Founder of our religion - Mr. Jefferson, in the mean time, smiling and nodding approbation on Mr. Giles, while the rest of the company silently left me and my defence to our fate, until, at length, my friend David Franks took up the argument on my side. Thinking this a -fair opportunity for evading further conversation on the subject, I turned to Mr. Jefferson and said), Sir, this is a strange situation in which I find myself; in a country professing Christianity, and at a table with Christians, as I supposed, I find my religion and myself attacked with severe and almost irresistible wit and raillery, and not a person to aid in my defence, but my firiend Mr. Franks, who is himself a Jew.' For a moment this attempt to parry the discussion appeared to have some effect; but Giles soon returned to the attack with renewed virulence, and burst out with,'It is all miserable delusion and priestcraft; I do not believe one word of all they say about a future state of existence, and retribution for actions done here; I do not believe one word of a Supreme Being who 342 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. takes cognizance of the paltry affairs of this world, and to whom we are responsible for what we do.' I had never before heard, or seen in writing, such a broad and unqualified avowal of atheism. I was at first shocked, and remained a moment silent; but soon rallied and replied,' Mr. Giles, I admire your frankness, and it is but just that I should be equally frank in avowing my sentiments. Sir, in my opinion, the man who can with sincerity make the declaration which you have just made, is perfectly prepared for the commission of any atrocious action by which he can promise himself the advancement of his own interest, or the gratification of his impure passions, provided he can commit it secretly and with a reasonable probability of escaping detection by his fellow men. Sir, I would not trust such a man with the honor of a wife, a sister, or a daughter, with my own purse or reputation, or with any thing which I thought, valuable. Our acquaintance, sir, is at an end.' I rose and left the company, and never after spoke to Mr. Giles. I have thought it proper to relate this conversation, as helping to elucidate the character of Mr. Jefferson, on the disputed point of want of credulity, as he would call it. In nodding and smiling assent to all the virulence of his friend, Mr. Giles, he appeared to me to avow most distinctly his entire approbation. From this time my acquaintance with Mr. Jefferson became cold and distant," VI. AT the houses of the principal federalists connected with the government there was a very different style of conversation; religion was treated with reverence; the instructions of the past were received with humility, and visions of the future were seen through the softening light of experience. The New Englanders clustered about the home of Wolcott. The late Judge Hopkinson, as well known for his " Hail Columbia!" as the elder Judge Hopkinson, his LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 343 father, for the "Battle of the Kegs," was then a young man, and in one of his later letters he recalls the circle of Wolcott's associates. " During his residence in Philadelphia," he sayts, " the division of political parties in their social intercourse was more decided than it has ever been since; his associations therefore were almost exclusively with the federal members of the administration and of Congress, together with families residing in the city, of the same politics, which then certainly constituted the best society. In his parlor of an evening you would meet more or less company of that description. Leading members of the Senate and House of Representatives, especially from New England, were habitually there, and sometimes at my house. When I mention such names as Ellsworth, Ames, Griswold, Goodrich, and Tracy, you may imagine what a rich intellectual society it was. I will not say that we have no such men now, but I do not know where they are." Of the Secretary of the Treasury himself, Hopkinson says, " He was a man of cheerful and even of a playful disposition. His conversation was interesting and earnest, but gay, unless the occasion was unfit for gayety. He enjoyed a good joke, and his laugh was hearty and fiequent. ]He delighted in the discussion of literary subjects and the works of distinguished authors, and was particularly fond of poetry. Indeed in his younger days I have understood that he was a poet. IIe had a good taste in literature with one exception, about which we often disputed, and in which his New England attachments or prejudices controlled his judgment; he had an excessive admiration of Dwight's'Conquest of Canaan.' His domestic life was most exemplary; his greatest happiness was in his family, with the friends who congregated at his residence. His devotion to the business and duties of his office was severe and unremitting. He possessed in a high degree a very rare qualification —the capacity for continued hard work-and was in every thing systematic and orderly ~34 4 THE REPlUBLI CAN CCOURT. His attachments to his friends were strong and lasting, never taxing them with unreasonable exactions or subjecting them to unpleasant c~aprices. He was open and dircect in all his dealings, without duplicity or intrigue in any thing; his sincerity was sure, he deceived nob.ody." Wolcott's youngest sister I have already had occasion to mention as one of the most distinouished beauties of her time. She was afterward married to Chauncey Goodrich, a man of eminent abilities and the highest character. His wife had less beauty, but a countenance of much loveliness, and very graceful manners; and there were few women who could be compared -with her for refined cultivation and intelligence. An anecdote referring to her is recorded as an illustration of the wit of M1r. Tracy, one of the Connecticut senators. As she was moving with her accustomed ease and dignity through a dance, her figure arrested the attention of Mr. Liston, the British minister, who exclaimed, turning to Tracy, "Your countrywoman, Mrs. Wolcott, would be admired even at St. James's." "Sir," replied the senator, " she is admired even on Litchfield Hill!" On one occasion Dr. Dwight visited Philadelphia, and was for several days a guest of the Wolcotts. In a letter to the secretary he says, " I thank you, with much affection, for the uniform sincerity and hospitality which I found at your house; assure Mrs. Wolcott of the grateful sense I shall ever entertain of the very polite and friendly manner in which she rendered my residence there peculiarly agreeable." Josiah Quincy, who still survives, one of the brightest ornaments of a departed age, in the enjoyment of the reverent homage of our own, was also among the visitors of this respectable circle. Mrs. Adams, referring to his arrival in the city, writes, " This young man is a rare instance of hereditary eloquence and ingenuity, in the fourth generation. He comes into life with every advantage ___s {8tg; I ('IAt' )Iiiii;Ii /, I-rr — ~ —-----.:'.":~'?. — -,, ----- - - -- --— ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~l ON Mal~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~r MAINl~ ml~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~: LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 345 of family, fortune, and education, and I wish him all the success which such auguries naturally present to him in prospect. I yesterday, in the presence of half a dozen senators, laughingly advised him to go to the President and Mrs. Washington and ask their leave to make his addresses to Nelly Custis, or her sister, at Georgetown. The young gentleman blushed, and he may have left his heart in Boston; but I think him the first match in the United States." An intimate friend of Wolcott, Ames, Sedgwick, and other New England statesmen, was Jeremiah Smith, then a member of Congress, and afterward one of the justices of the Supreme Court, and Chief Justice of New Hampshire. He dressed very carefully, had an intelligent and handsome face, and was a great beau; but was at the same time diligent in the performance of his duties, and "a devourer of all good books." He had been in love so many times that it would have tasked his patience to give a list of the girls he had been inclined to woo, and every year some new one was the fairest and the dearest. In 1793 he writes: "It seems to me now that I never sincerely loved before. God grant that time and absence may have their usal efects." His prayer was granted, and in 1795 he discloses another flame to his friend Fletcher. "Tell Mrs. Fletcher," he says, " that I should have been very happy to have made one of your little family party at Christmas, and that I am confident she enjoyed far more pleasure, surrounded by her children and friends, than Mrs. Dexter at Mr. Bingham's or Mr. Morris's or even the President's sumptuous dinner. I was singularly happy on that day myself; I dined with a number of my friends at Mr. Wolcott's, and spent the evening in company with a divine woman I have lately become acquainted with, and who is all that woman can or ought to be; but, heigh ho! she is as good as married. I am glad I was informed of that circumstance, else I should 44 346 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. have been over head and ears in love. Informed of my danger, I find it difficult to restrain my ardent affections. I am glad to find that I am not dried up and congealed, but that my heart is as susceptible as ever. I would rather be a man, and feel as one, even if I suffer by it, than one of your insensible devils." The divine woman referred to was Miss Eliza Ross, of Bladensburg, in Maryland, then on a visit to Philadelphia. The case was very serious, and there were no hopes of the lover's recovery. He gave vent to his feelings in verse, which was perfectly intelligible, though scarcely as melodious as the songs of Anacreon Moore: "To Adam paradise was given, Blooming with all that charms the sense Of fruits, one only was forbidden, And that occasioned sore complaints. How much severer is my fate Than his! Unjust! how could he grieve? He was denied the precious fruit, But I, alas! deprived of EVE! Nay, more-severer still my caseA double pain, without alloyThe fruit that IT m forbid to taste, Another freely may enjoy"' Women are changeable, and Miss Ross became Miirs. Smith, after all. A few months passed, during which she returned to Bladensburg, and managed to quarrel with her old lover; at least the engagement was broken off; and in May, 1 795, she was again in the metropolis. On the departure of a sister for the country she addressed a note to her rejected admirer: " I have very few acquaintances," she said, "and this is the time when the company of a friend would be most agreeable. In you I expect that friend." She was not disappointed. In due time the veteran gallant wrote to his brother that he was a " happy man." On the way to the bride's home he lost his wedding suit, and was obliged therefore to " stand LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 347 tip" in his travelling clothes, which was a serious misfortune, as he had been very particular in his outfit.* Elizur Goodrich writes to Wolcott in 1794, introducing Eli Whitney, with his famous cotton gin. He describes him as'"a young gentleman who has occasionally resided in my family for some years past, of very fair reputation in academic studies, and perhaps inferior to none in an acquaintance with mechanic powers, and those branches of mechanical philosophy which are applicable to the commerce and manufactures of our country. He is on a journey to Philadelphia to lodge a model and receive a patent for a machine which he has invented for cleansing cotton from its seeds." Another candidate for the honors of scientific discovery was Dr. Benjamin Douglass Perkins, the hero of Fessenden's " Terrible Tractoration." John Adams, in February, 1T96, thus notices his advent in the city: " There is a Dr. somebody here from Connecticut, who pretends, with an instrument made of some kind of metal or composition of metals, by a sort of Mesmerian rubbing, or stroking, or conjuration, to cure rheumatisms, headaches, pleurisies, and I know not what. Ellsworth will not say that he believes in it, but he states facts and tells stories. I expect the heads of all the old women will be turned. They have got him into the President's house, among some of his servants, and Mrs. Washington * Smith writes: "Three miles before I reached Bladensburg I had the misfortune to lose my trunk, with all my clothes, of the value of two hundred dollars. The fastening untied, and some very great knaves happening to live in the vicinity, picked it up before the stage-driver returned to look for it, which was in less than fifteen minutes " A list of the articles constituting the bridegroom's wardrobe is given by his biographer, Mr. Morrison, as follows: "A light-colored broadcloth coat, with pearl buttons; breeches of the same cloth; ditto, black satin; vest, swansdown, buff, striped; ditto moleskin, chequer figure; ditto satin figured; ditto, Marseilles, white; ditto, muslinet, figured; under vest, faced with red cassimere; two ditto, flannel; one pair of flannel drawers; one ditto, cotton ditto; one pair black patent silk hose; one ditto white ditto; one ditto striped ditto; ten or a dozen white silk hose; three pair of cotton hose; four pair of gauze ditto; a towel; six shirts; twelve neck-kerchiefs; six pocket handkerchiefs, one of them a bandanna; a chintz dressing-gown; a pair of silk gloves; ditto old kid ditto." 348 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. told me a story on Tuesday, before a number of gentlemen, so in effably ridiculous that I dare not repeat it. The venerable lady laughed as immoderately as all the rest of us did." Perk-ins went to London, and became famous and rich. His house was crowded with bishops, lords, and men and women of every degree, thousands of whom certified that they were cured of diseases by the metallic tractors. The satire of Fessenden ended the delusion. VII. IT was among the offences of the President in which the democratic writers and orators discovered signs of treasonable conspiracy and a determination to engraft upon our youthful republicanism the forms at least of a monarchy, that he had " birth-day odes." It is not stated that an appropriation from the treasury was ever demanded for the payment of a laureate, and perhaps it was all the worse that so many were willing to sing the praises of Washington without reward. The Chief himself, however, we may readily believe, would have dispensed with such service to be relieved of the necessity of reading the quires of poor but patriotic verses addressed to him. Our poets of that day had no mean opinion of their own abilities, and they were generous in each other's praise. Hlumphreys, in a " Poem on the Happiness of America," written before the close of the revolution, exclaims: 6Why sleep'st thou, Barlow, child of genius? why Seest thou, blest Dwight, our land in sadness lie? And where is Trumbull, earliest boast of fame?'T is yours, ye bards, to wake the smothered flame To you, my dearest friends, the task belongs, To rouse your country with heroic songs.' And Barlow, in his "Vision of Columbus," "With keen-eyed glance through Nature's walks to pierce, With all the powers and every charm of verse LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 349 Each science opening in his ample mind, HIis fancy glowing, and his taste refined, See Trumbull lead the train, His skilful hand Hurls the keen darts of satire through the land; Pride, knavery, dulness, feel his mortal stings, And listening Virtue triumphs while he sings.... On glory's wing to raise the ravished soul Beyond the bounds of earth's benighted pole, For daring Dwight the epic muse sublime Hails her new empire in the western clime..,. Where Freedom's cause his patriot bosom warms, In council sage, nor inexpert in arms, See Humphreys, glorious from the field retire, Sheath the glad sword and string the sounding lyre." And besides this "1 mutual admiration society " of Connecticut, there were Allen, Ladd, Freneau, Hopkinson, Livingston, Smith, Markoe, and some half dozen others, who consoled themselves for contemporary neglect with dreams of posthumous fame. Though Colonel Humphreys must be regarded as the poet laureate of Washington, as diligent in the performance of the duties of his office as ever was bard expecting pipes of choicest wine for votive songs, yet there was a " tuneful throng" of the other sex, ever ready to celebrate the hero's virtues and his actions in effusions sufficiently indicative of an anxiety to attract his favorable attention. Our most conspicuous poetesses of that day were Mrs. Ferguson, of whose unpublished writings there are still two large quarto volumes in the Philadelphia Library; Mrs. Bleecker, of Tomhannik; Mrs. Warren, the sister of James Otis; Mrs. Stockton, wife of Richard Stockton and sister of Elias Boudinot; Phillis Wheatley, from the Senegal, celebrated by Mr. Clarkson and the Abbe Gregory as not inferior in literary excellence to the fairest of her rivals; and Mrs. Morton, wife of the Attorney General of Massachusetts, to be named in whose verses, her critics said, was to be immortalized. The Boston Mercury, in the spring of 1793, advised the world that "Fame, ever listening with delight to the lyre 350 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. of' Philenia,' had lately been assiduous in circulating the information that this favorite of the muse was composing a poem, of the epic nature, in which would be celebrated some of the most striking features of the revolution in this country." This was the first ainouncement of Mrs. Morton's "Beacon Hill;" and a contemporary bard, Robert Treat Paine, warmed with the intelligence, addressed to her a congratulatory epistle, in which he says - " Beacon shall live. the theme of future lays; Philenia bids; obsequious Fame obeys; Beacon shall live, embalmed in verse sublime, The new Parnassus of a nobler clime. No more the fount of Helicon shall boast Its peerless waters or its suitor host....'T is here Philenia's muse begins her flight, As Heaven elate, extensive as the light; Here, like this bird of Jove, she mounts the wind, And leaves the clouds of vulgar bards behind! And in conclusion he asks"What hero's bosom would not wish to bleed - That you might sing, and raptured ages read? " Mrs. Morton was not ungrateful, and she returned Mr. Paine's compliments in kind, amiably describing him as a poet "Who now with Homer's strength can rise, Then with the polished Ovid move; Now swift as rapid Pindar flies, Then soft as Sappho's breath of love." After the publication of Gifford's satire, and Erskine's speech in the case of Williams against Faulder, "Anthony Pasquin" was driven from England by contempt, and "Della Crusca " by derision, and both found an asylum in the United States —the profligate libeller to become the editor of a democratic journal, and the sickly sentimentalist to acquire an influence over our fledgling poets not less apparent than that which Tennyson has exerted in later LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 351 years. Mrs. Morton, in some "lines addressed to the inimitable author of the poems under the signature of' Della Crusca,"'" greeted him in a style worthy of the Florence 1Miscellany - "Across the vast Atlantic tide, Down Appalachia's grassy side, What echoing sounds the soul beguile, And lend the lip of grief a smile!'T is Della Crusca's heavenly song Which floats the western breeze along, Breathing as sweet, as soft a strain, As kindness to the ear of pain; Splendid as noon, as morning clear, As chaste as evening's pearly tear." Dr. Ladd, Mr. Paine, and nearly all our "female poets," in the closing years of the last century, were servile imitators of Mr. Merry, and the late Judge Story began his career as an author in an elaborate performance not unworthy of such a master. VIIIo IN painting the country was more fortunate. Woolaston, Copley, Blackburn, and some others, had produced a great number of admirable portraits before the war, and subsequently there were several artists here of remarkable excellence in the same line. Washington was frequently painted, but there are not many good pictures of him. In 1785 he wrote to Judge Hopkinson, "I am so hackneyed to the touches of the painter's pencil that I am now altogether at their beck, and sit'like Patience on a monument' while they are delineating the lines of my face. It is a proof, among many others, of what habit and custom may accomplish; at first I was as impatient at the request, and as restive under the operation, as a colt is under the saddle; the next time I submitted very reluctantly, but with less flouncing; now no dray-horse moves more readily to his thill than I to the painter's chair." This was 352 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. written on the introduction of Robert Edge Pine to him. Pine had been a " painter to His Majesty," and among his sitters in Lon don had been Garrick and other famous wits. He came to America in 1783 to paint the chiefs of the revolution, for a series of historical compositions, and accumulated a great number of heads and other studies, but never finished any large work of that kind. In a few years Trumbull occupied the field, and by his success perhaps discouraged further attempts by him. He was an irritable little gentleman, and his wife and daughters were also very small. They painted portraits in Philadelphia and gave lessons in drawing there, under the patronage of Robert lMorris. Hopkinson mentions as a proof of our subsequent advancement in civilization that, Pine brought to this country a plaster cast of the Venus de Medici, but kept it very privately, as the manners of the time would not permit the public exhibition of such a figure: a fact which may seem strange to those who remember that some of the celebrated women of this period exposed their own finely-developed persons in a manner to shock even young Frenchmen, fresh from the gayest, society of Paris; but it was then the fashion, in London as well as in New York and Philadelphia, to imitate the costume of pictures painted in the most dissolute period of English morals. M. Du Cimetiere, a Genevan, arrived in Philadelphia about the year 1160, and lived there nearly thirty years, practising his profession as a painter, and collecting specimens in natural history. Washington says he drew many good likenesses, from the life, and had them engraved in Paris, for sale; and besides his own he mentions particularly those of General Gates and Baron Steuben. Robert Fulton painted a poor portrait of Washington in 1782, who in the following year sat at Rocky lHill, New Jersey, to William Dunlap and Joseph Wright. Wright's picture was sent to Europe as a present from the Chief to the Count de Solms. LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. - 353 M. Houdon arrived from France in 1785, in the same ship with Dr. Franklin, and, proceeding to Mount Vernon, remained there two weeks, in which time he modelled the head of the General for his statue which had been ordered by the state of Virginia, and is now in the capitol at Richmond. Soon after the inauguration, in New York, Edward Savage, a miserable painter, copied the President's features as well as he could, for Harvard College, and his portrait was engraved by young Edwin, in a very creditable manner, though Savage took the credit of its execution on the copper as well as on the canvas. About the same time Madame de Brehan, sister of the French minister, made two small portraits of him, one of which he presented to Mrs. Bingham. The other was engraved in Paris. Trumbull had painted a head of Washington, from memory, in 1780. In the fall of 1789 he returned from Europe, and soon after executed the portrait which is in the New York City Hall; and in 1792, in Philadelphia, that which is in the gallery at New Haven. The city of Charleston had engaged him to paint a full-length of the President, and he says " he undertook it con atnore, meaning to give his military character in the most sublime moment of its exertion - the evening previous to the battle of Princeton, when, viewing the vast superiority of the approaching enemy, and the impossibility of again crossing the Delaware or retreating down the river, he conceived the plan of returning by a night march into the country from which he had just been driven, thus cutting off the enemy's communication and destroying his stores at Brunswick." "I told the President my object," he says; "he entered into it warmly, and, as the work advanced, we talked of the scene, its dangers, its almost desperation." He looked again as if animated by the feelings of the conflict, and the artist pleased himself with a belief that he had transferred to the canvas the lofty expression of the 45 354 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. hero's countenance. But this production did not give satisfaction; the people of Charleston desired a "matter-of —fact likeness, calm, tranquil, peaceful," and Washington sat again, for such a picture. In 1791 and 1792 Trumbull painted a great number of portraits, among which were those of John Jay, Temple Franklin, l rs. WashY ington (with a full rosy face, and in a white dress, and cap - very matronly), Nelly Custis, Sophia Chew, Harriet Chew, Cornelia Schuyler (a sister of M[rs. Hamilton, afterward married to Mir. Van Rensselaer), Julia Seymour, who was a celebrated beauty, and two daughters of Jeremiah Wadsworth. In 1791 Mr. Archibald Robertson, of Aberdeen, arrived in this country, bearing from the Earl of Buchan an introductory letter to Washington, and a box made from the oak tree which sheltered Sir William Wallace, after the battle of Falkirk, which the Goldsmith's Company of Edinburgh had previously presented to the earl. Mr. Robertson painted a very good portrait of the President, which was sent to Scotland, by Mr. Lear, in 1794, and he afterward pursued his profession with success for many years in New York. Giuseppe Ceracchi, one of the most eminent of contemporary sculptors, had conceived in Rome a design for a monument of the American revolution, and coming to Philadelphia, in 1791, he prepared a model of it, which was much admired. It was to be of statuary marble, one hundred feet high, and to cost but thirty thousand dollars. This sum, however, could not be obtained, and Ceracchi returned to Europe, and was subsequently put to death for an attempt to assassinate Napoleon. While here he executed busts of Washington and many other distinguished characters. He invited Dr. Hugh Williamson to sit for one, and that person made himself appear exceedingly ridiculous by the puerile manner in which he dedined the compliment. In a collection which I have made of more than sixty engraved N-,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sol~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~F iL f\ IL') L,,, Il K lo K'ROMENS~~~~~~~~~~~~~ii"l1~ i1!! i',.,,............... LIFE IN THE CAPITAL. 355 portraits of Washington published during his life -probably the largest collection of the kind in existence - I find three which purport to be from paintings by Charles Wilson Peale. One, painted at Mount Vernon in 170, was engraved by R. Scott; another, painted in 1780, was engraved in mezzotint by Peale himself; and the third, from a picture dated 1783, was engraved the following year in Paris. Mr. Peale panted fourteen portraits of Washington, but probablynot more than four or five of them were from life. His brother James painted two, and his son Rembrandt one. It has frequently been stated that Mr. Wertmiiller, a German, painted a portrait of Washington, from life, in 1783; but there is no evidence that the President ever sat to him. Gilbert Stuart, after a brilliant career in London, established himself for a short time in New York. Soon after his arrival Judge Cushing, who happened then to be in the city, invited him to tea, and Mrs. Cushing refers to him in her diary as " an extraordinary limner, said to excel by far any other in America." His reputation was so high indeed that everybody who was rich enough to pay his price was anxious to sit to him, and he produced with great rapidity a large number of portraits. But a desire to paint Washington had been one of the chief causes of his return to the United States, and he was impatient to begin his work. His first picture was unsuccessful, but the second was in every respect masterly, and the artist and the subject were equally pleased with it. Only the head was finished. From this he made more than twenty copies. Of his four or five full-lengths, the first was sent by Mr. Bingham* as * Before sitting for this picture Washington wrote to Stuart the following note: "Sir: I am under promise to Mrs. Bingham to sit for you to-morrow at nine o'clock; and wishing to know if it is convenient to you that I should do so, and whether it shall be at your own house, (as she Talked of the state house,) I send this note to you to ask information. I am, sir, your obedient servant, GEO. WASHINGTON. Monday evening, 11th April, 1796." He sat at Stuart's own house, and was accompanied several times by Harriet Chew, (afterwards Mrs. Carroll,) whose conversation he said should give his face its most agreeable expression. 356 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. a present to Lord Lansdowne, and the last is now in Fanueil Hall in Boston. A bust of Washington was modelled by a Mr. Gullagher, of Boston, in 1789; a much better one was produced by Mr. Eccleston, of Virginia, in 1796. The last portrait of him was in crayon, by Sharpless, drawn the same year. Among the miniature painters of the time of Washington Benjamin Trott held a conspicuous rank; but no artist in this departmnent is deserving of comparison with Edward Malbone, for propriety and grace, or the details of finished execution. " The Hours" show what capacities he had for composition, but his vocation was for portraiture, and notwithstanding the depreciation of this branch of art by its professors or by others, "the power of animating and dignifying the countenance, and impressing on it the appearance of wisdom and virtue, requires," as Sir Joshua Reynolds well observes, " a nobleness of conception which goes beyond any thing in the mere exhibition of even the most perfect forms." When Mr. Monroe was in London, on his way to France, as minister to that country, Mr. West said to him, "I have seen a picture painted by a young man of the name of Malbone, which no man in England could excel;" and other critics, of authority as high as that of the President of the Royal Academy, have declared that there are even now in the most famous collections no miniatures comparable to those of our ingenious countryman, whose works continue to be cherished among the choicest treasures of the few families who employed him at the close of the last and the beginning of the present century. The beauties of the time of Washington were for the most part somewhat faded before Malbone was fairly started in his career; but this volume is adorned by an engraving from one of his works, alike remarkable for fidelity and a simple and chaste elegance rarely displayed in such performances. THE CONCLUSION. L As the second term of his administration drew near its end, many of the firiends of Washington urged him to continue for another period of four years at the head of affairs; but it was impossible to change his purpose of retiring to private life. He was deeply wounded by the profligacy of his enemies, and on the twelfth of June, 1796, wrote to Colonel Humphreys, who was still in Portugal: "The gazettes will give you a pretty good idea of the state of politics and parties in this country, and will show you at the same time, if Bache's Aurora is among them, in what manner I am attacked for persevering steadily in measures which to me appear necessary to preserve us, during the conflicts of belligerent powers, in a state of tranquillity. But these attacks, unjust and unpleasant as they are, will occasion no change in my conduct, nor will they produce any other effect in my mind than to increase the solicitude which long since has taken fast hold of my heart, to enjoy in the shades of retirement the consolation of believing that I have rendered to my country every service to which my abilities were competent-not from pecuniary or ambitious motives, nor from a desire to provide for any men farther than their intrinsic merit entitled them, and surely not with a view of bringing my own rela 358 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. tions into office. Malignity therefore may dart its shafts, but no earthly power can deprive me of the satisfaction of knowing that I have not in the whole course of my administration committed an intentional error." With Mr. Jefferson the President had maintained an occasional and formal intercourse up to this period. On the sixth of July, between three and four weeks after the above sentences were sent to Colonel Humphreys, he addcressed to the chief of the democratic party a final communication, in which he says: "Until within the last year or two I had no conception that parties would or even could go the length I have been witness to; nor did I believe, until lately, that it was within the bounds of probability, hardly within those of possibility, that, while I was using my utmost exertions to establish a national character of our own, independent, as far as our obligations and justice and truth would permit, of every nation of the earth, and wished by steering a steady course to preserve this country from the horrors of a desolating war, I should be accused of being the enemy of one nation, and subject to the influence of another; and, to prove it, that every act of my administration would be tortured, and the grossest and most insidious representations of them made, by giving one side only of a subject, and that too in such exaggerated and indecent terms as could scarcely be applied to a Nero, a notorious defaulter, or even to a common pickpocket. But enough of this. I have already gone further in the expression of my feelings than I intended." This brought the correspondence of the founders and heads of the rival parties to a final conclusion. In the following September, nearly six months before the end of his administration, he published his Farewell Address to the People of the United States, the most dignified exhibition of political. wisdom that ever emanated from the mind of a statesman. It THE CONCLUSION. 359 was generally received by the legislatures and the people with the respect which was dclue to such a display of feeling and understanding, from so exalted a character, and it has continued to be an influence and an authority, in the affairs of the nation, second only to the Constitution itself. In December the two houses of Congress came together, and the President delivered in person, as was his custom his last message, at the close of which he said, "The situation in which I now stand, for the last time in the midst of the representatives of the people of the United States, naturally recalls the period when the administration of the present form of government commenced; and I cannot omit the occasion to congratulate you and my country on the success of the experiment, nor to repeat my fervent supplications to the Supreme Ruler and Arbiter of nations, that his care may still be extended to the United States; that the virtue and happiness of the people may be preserved; and that the government which they have instituted for the protection of their liberties may be perpetual." IL. THE sixty-fifth anniversary of the birth-day of Washington was celebrated with an unusual but a saddened enthusiasm, Every one felt that it was -the last occasion of the kind on which he would be present in Philadelphia, and that the illustrious Chief would himself see but few returns of it any where. The ships in the harbor displayed their gayest colors; the bells of the churches every half hour during the day rang merry peals; and the members of Congress and other official characters, with a great number of the most respectable private citizens, waited on the President at his residence to offer in person their homage and congratulations. In the evening there was a splendid ball at the amphitheatre. The area usu 360 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. ally occupied by the equestrians was floored over for dancing, and the whole interior was tastefully and profusely ornamented with evergreens, the symbols of his fame, and with banners and inscriptions. UTpon an elevated platform was a sofa, with a canopy over it, for the President and Mrs. Washington. He did not confine himself to this, but moved about, conversing familiarly with the company, consisting of the foreign ambassadors, members of the cabinet, senators, representatives, and the most distinguished strangers and inhabitants of the city. Jeremiah Smith, writing at eleven o'clock the same evening, tells us that there were present five hundred ladies, elegantly dressed, and a still greater number of gentlemen. "' The President and Mrs. Washington," he says, " were in very good spirits, and, I am persuaded, have not spent so agreeable an evening for a long time. Every countenance bespoke pleasure and approbation; even democrats forgot for a moment their enmity, and seemed to join heartily in the festivity." A few days before his final retirement the President held his last formal levee. It was attended not only by the beauty and fashion of the metropolis, but by a larger number of eminent men than had ever been present on a similar occasion. The leading democratic journal, "The Aurora," had a few days previously given expression to the feelings of its party in a characteristic article, in which it was alleged that "if ever a nation was debauched by a man, the American nation has been debauched by Washington; if ever a nation was deceived by a man, the American nation has been deceived by Washington;" and the poor wretch, Thomas Paine, had addressed a public letter to the President, in which he said, "As to you, sir, treacherous in private friendship, and a hypocrite in public life, the world will be puzzled to decide whether you are an apostate or an impostor, whether you have abandoned good principles, or whether you ever had any;" and when a resolution THE CONCLUSION. 361 was offered in the House of Representatives, complimenting him on his approaching release from the cares of government, Andrew Jackson, who had lately become a member of Congress, with twenty others, voted against it; yet at this last levee the respectability of the country was largely represented - the men who were most eminent for talents and for honorable actions came, in crowds, to offer a reverence the most sincere and affectionate that ever was yielded to human greatness. On the second of March Washington wrote to his old friend General Knox: "To the wearied traveller, who sees a resting-place, and is bending his body to lean thereon, I now compare myself; but for me to be suffered to do this in peace, is too much to be endured by some; to misrepresent my motives, to reprobate my politics, and to weaken the confidence which has been reposed in my administration, are objects which cannot be relinquished by those who will be satisfied with nothing short of a change in our political system. The consolation, however, which results from conscious rectitude, and the approving voice of my country, unequivocally expressed by its representatives, deprives their sting of its poison, and places in the same point of view both the weakness and the malignity of their efforts. Although the prospect of retirement is most grateful to my soul, and I have not a wish to mix again in the great world, or to partake in its politics, yet I am not without my regrets at parting with (perhaps never more to meet them) the few intimates whom I love, and among these, be assured, you are one. The account given by Mr. Bingham and others of your agreeable situation and prospects, at St. George's, gave me infinite pleasure, and no one wishes more sincerely than I do that they may increase with your years. The remainder of my life, which in the course of nature cannot be long, will be occupied in rural amusements; and though I shall seclude myself as much as possible from 46 362 THE REPUBLICAN COURT the noisy and bustling crowd, none would more than myself be regalecd by the company of those I esteem, at untVernon-more than twenty miles from which 7 afeI arrive there, it is not likely that I shall ever be.... To-morrow, at dinner, I shall, as a servant of the public, take my leave of the President elect, of the foreign characters, the heads of departments, &., and the day following, with pleasure, I shall witness the inauguration of my successor in the chair of government." To this dinner as many were invited as could be accommodated at the President's table. Among them were r. and Mrs. Liston, the Marquis and Marchioness d'Yrujo, and the other foreign ministers, with their wives; Mr. and Mrs. Pickering, r. and Mrs. Wolcott, Mr. and Mrs. McHenry, r. and rs. Cushing, Mr. and s. Bingham," Mr. Adams, Mr. Hamilton, Mr. Jeferson, and Bishop White. "During the dinners" say the bishop, much hilarity prevailed; but on the removal of the cloth it was put an end to by the President -certainly without design Having filled his glass, he addressed the company, with a smile on his countenance, saying'Ladies and gentlemen, this is the last time I shall drink your health, as a public man. I do it with sincerity, and wishing youi i* The fate of Mrs. Bingliam, so frequently mentioned in these pages, presents an affecting example of the uncertainty of earthly honors and enjoyments. lieturning from a party of pleasnre, soon after the birth of her only son, exposure to th e cold, in a sleigh, bronght on a malady which was soon perceived to be dangerous. A milder climate was recommended, and a vessel fitted with great care for her transport to the Bermudas. Her departnre, on a palanquin, from her splendid mansion to this vessel, which, it was generally apprehended, would never restore her to her friends, was an event which attracted the gaze of hundreds. Climate could prodnce no benefit, and after some months of gradual but sure decline, she expired in those islands, on the eleventh of May, 1801, nt the age of thirty-seven. -lcr husband, overwhelmed with the loss of such a -wife, went afterwards to England, and died at Bath, about the -year 1804. His monument, in the abbey church there, attracts the notice of the American traveller. Mrs. Binghiam left three children. Her eldest dnughter, Anne, who died in 1848, married Alexande r Baring, the late Lord Ashburton, and was the mother of the present peer. The second, Maria, married, first, Alexandre, Comte de Tilly; second, Henry Baring; and, third, le Marquis do Blaisel. She died, I believe, not long since. THE CONCLUSION. 363 all possible happiness.' There was an end of all pleasantry." The bishop chanced to turn his eyes toward the wife of the British minister, and perceived that her cheeks were suffused with tears. Doubtless there were many other such displays of feeling. III. THE next day, at an early hour, Chestnut street in the vicinity of Congress Hall was filled with an immense concourse of people, anxious to see once more the retiring President. At eleven o'clock Mr. Jefferson took his oath as Vice President, in the presence of the senate, and that body soon after proceeded to the chamber of the representatives, which was densely crowded. Many of the members had yielded their chairs to women, and every place on the floor and in the gallery was occupied. At twelve o'clock Washington entered, and was greeted with enthusiastic cheers and the waving of handkerchiefs. Mr. Adams followed, in a few moments, and was received in the same manner. The Chief Justice, Oliver Ellsworth, with his associates, Cushing, Wilson, and Iredell, was seated at a table in front of the chair of the Speaker, and when he had administered the oath of his office to the new President, the inaugural speech was delivered, and was heard with a profound attention. Mr. Adams referred to Washington, as a personage "who, by a long course of great actions, regulated by prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude - conducting a people inspired by the same virtues, and animated with the same ardent patriotism and love of liberty, to independence and peace, to increasing wealth and unexampled prosperity -had merited the gratitude of his fellowcitizens commanded the highest praises of foreign nations, and secured immortal glory with posterity." Dr. William Duer, lately President of Columbia College, was a spectator of this scene. "At the close of the ceremony," he says, 364 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. "as the venerable hero moved towards the door, there was a rush from the gallery that threatened the lives of those who were most eager to catch a last look of him who, among mortals, was the first object of their veneration. Some of us effected an escape by slipping dclown the pillars. I succeeded in making good my retreat through the outer door, in time to see the retiring veteran, as he waved his hat in return for the cheers of the multitude, while his gray locks'4 streamed like a meteor to the wind.' Seldom as he was known to smile, his face now beamed with radiance and benignity. I followed him in the crowd to his own door, where, as he turned to address the multitude, his countenance assumed a serious and almost melancholy expression, his voice failed him, his eyes were suffused with tears, and only by his gestures could he indicate his thanks, and convey a farewell blessing to the people. This was the last I saw of the most illustrious of mankind, and should I live a thousand years, I ne'er shall look upon his like again.' As soon as Mr. Adams had returned to his residence Washington made him a visit, cordially congratulated him, and expressed a wish that his administration might be happy, successful, and honorable. In the evening he attended an entertainment given by the principal inhabitants of the city, at the amphitheatre. The leading public characters, including the foreign ministers, were present, and the place was decorated for the occasion with numerous paintings, referring to Washington's life and services. One of them was a representation of his home on the Potomac, and the surrounding scenery. IV. FIvE days after the inauguration of his successor Washington set out for Mount Vernon. lHe was received at all the towns on the way with the same enthusiasm which had been manifested du. ring his triumphal journey to New York, eight years before. He THE CONCLUSION. 365 was accompanied by Mrs. Washington, Miss Eleanor Custis, George W. P. Custis, and the son of Lafayette, with his preceptor. The other granddaughters of Mrs. Washington were married - one to Mr. Law, an English gentleman of considerable fortune, and the other to Mr. Peters. Nelly Custis soon after became the wife of Washington's nephew, Mr. Lawrence Lewis. Of his daily life at Mount Vernon he has left us a pleasing description. "Having turned aside from the broad walks of political into the narrow paths of private life, I shall leave it, for those whose duty it is, to consider subjects of this sort, and, as every good citizen ought to do, conform to whatsoever the ruling powers shall decide. To make and sell a little flour, annually, to repair houses (going fast to ruin), to build one, for the security of my papers of a public nature, and to amuse myself in agricultural and other rural pursuits, will constitute employment for the few years I have to remain on this terrestrial globe. If, also, I could now and then meet the friends I esteem, it would fill their measure and add zest to my enjoyments; but if this happens, it must be under my own vine and fig-tree, as I do not think it probable that I shall go beyon4 twenty miles from them." On the twenty-ninth of May he wrote, " I begin my diurnal course with the sun;" and having described his preparations for the day's business, he proceeds, "by the time I have accomplished these matters breakfast (a little after seven o'clock) is ready; this being over, I mount my horse, and ride round my farms, which employs me until it is time to dress for dinner, at which I rarely miss seeing strange faces, come, as they say, out of respect for me. Pray, would not the word curiosity answer as well? And how different this from having a few social friends at a cheerful board! The usual time of sitting at table, a walk, and tea, bring me within the dawn of candledight, previous to which, if not prevented by company, I resolve that as soon as the 366 THE RE'PUBLICAN COURT. glimmering taper supplies the place of the great luminary, 1 will retire to my writing-table and acknowledge the letters I have received; but when the lights are brought, I feel tired, and disinclined to engage in this work, conceiving that the next night will do as well. The next night comes, and with it the same causes of postponement, and so on.... Having given you this history of a day. it will serve for a year." In this way passed the closing period of his life. When the outrageous conduct of the French Directory made it necessary for our government to prepare for war, the aged Chief, ever ready to sacrifice his private interests, his happiness; and even his fame, for his country, accepted again the office of commander of the armies of the United States; but fortunately peace was preserved, and he was not called from his retirement. Every one is familiar with the history of the closing scene ol his august career. Between ten and eleven o'clock, on the night ol Saturday, the fourteenth of December, 1799, he expired. V. In this volume I have attempted in a desultory way to illustrate the habits of society and the characteristics of eminent persons, in an age the most important and extraordinary in our history. The main design has been to exhibit the social rather than the political aspects of that time; but it will readily be perceived that it was impossible to do one and not the other. The events which secured to this country a popular constitution as a possession for ever, made every American a member of the most responsible, difficult, and dignified profession which the ability of man can illustrate -the profession of politics. By the fundamental law of the country we are all hereditary statesmen; we are all advisers and active directors of the administration. "La vie du plus simple particulier dans une re]?ublique," said the elder and the wiser of the Mirabeaus, "est THE CO NCLUSION. 367 Plus compliquee que celle d'un honmme en place dans une monar che." Of this calling of politics may be said wht Augustus Schegel has said of authorship, that according to the spirit i which i is pursued, it is an infamy, a pastime, a day-labor, a handicraft, art, a science, a virtue. It is of the first iportance to lsociety, and every one in it, that the character and tone of tis profession should be raised, and maintained at an elevation; that its members should be capable of dealing in it with competent ability, and with that temper of confidence that rejects and despises tricks and intrigue; that they should be always feeling that it involves principles, and not merely personalities; that it is a great moral and intellectual science, in which passions and interests must play in perpetual subordination to the permanent laws of wisdom and truth; and that all its acts and all its contests stand in such intimate relations with the lofty interests of human virtue and human greatness, that the humblest eflorts in its cause par-take of dignity, and'its least rewards are truly honorable. Nothing would have a more happy influence on the politics of this day, nothing raise, expand and purify them, or give them higher significance and greater weight, than a study of the private and public characters and. actions of those who founded our constitution, and watched over -the earliest development of its principles. To comprehend the distinction and the permanent relation between the great parties which have divided and will always divide this country, it is indispensable to resort to the conferences and the conduct of those who,7 in the brighter and better time of the commonwealth, explored the depths of that subject with the sagacity of philosophers, and illustrated its extent upon the largest scale of statesmanship. " I am not fonder of simpletons in politics than other people are, wrote M. Capfigue, " but for the honor of mankind I am willing to believe that men may be clever and still retain perfect 368 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. probity and good faith." This difficult art, to carry into public life the morals and the sentiments that give grace to private character; to join sincerity and directness of personal deportment with effectiveness and force of political action; to gain the outward with neither soilure nor loss of a more sacred excellence within, seemed to be the native inspiration of those extraordinary men who formed the entourage of Washington. They were a band of "Happy Warriors,) "Whose high endeavors were an inward light That made the path before them always bright, More skilful in self-knowledge, even more pure, As tempted more: Who, in a state where men are tempted still To evil, for a guard against worse ill, And what in quality or act is best Doth seldom on a right foundation rest, Still fix6d good on good alone, and owe To virtue every triumph that they know." It has not been attempted in this too hasty performance to discuss any of those important questions of policy which were suggested or decided during the earlier administrations. The histories of affairs are sufficiently numerous and ample for the inquisitive student who would examine the claims which the statesmanship of Washington, Adams, Jay, Hamilton, Marshall, and their friends, on the one side, and that of Jefferson, Randolph, Giles, Paine, Madison, Monroe, and the rest of the opposition leaders, on the other, presents for our approval and imitation. But demeanor in the drawingroom was then at the seat of government a reflection of temper in the cabinet and the senate; and styles of living and conversation were continually referred to in public debates as evidences of political tendencies, and causes of apprehended political dangers. To illustrate the personal qualities of the chief characters of that time, by collecting these scant and fragmentary reminiscences of habit THE CONCLUSION. 369 feeling, and social condition, was therefore a task not less worthy of an inquirer respecting the rise of parties and opinions, than of a historian of civility. The founders and first administrators of our government were intellectually and morally far above the ordinary examples of human greatness. A fame as pure and splendid as theirs is among the rarest products of history. The central figure in that group of eminent personages was the Father of his Country, and it is delightful to turn from the humiliating page in which is recorded the insults which he suffered for his virtues, to accounts which have come down to us of the honors he received from those who more justly appreciated his nature and his services. The select circle of official and private characters with whom Washington was most intimate, comprised an amount of respectability which perhaps was never in any royal or imperial court surpassed, and of this circle none ever approached him without being either fascinated by his grandeur or touched by his goodness. The higher domestic life of that period, as revealed in all we know of its refinement and elegance, its dignified courtesy and inflexible morality, can be contemplated with only a respectful admiration. It was in keeping with the frankness and sincerity of ascendant politics. Women unhesitatingly evinced their sympathies with whatever was generous and honorable in public conduct, but rarely if ever in forgetfulness of the requirements of feminine propriety. Though patriotic they were content to be women still, and were anxious for the distinctions of delicacy and grace. They perceived that it was their nobility not to be men, but to be women worthy of men. In possession of every right with which they were endowed by nature, they had no desire to exercise mends prerogatives. There were indeed some shameless females, not unwilling to exhibit mortification at having been created of a sex whose finer 47 370 THE REPUBLICAN COURT. attributes were beyond their emulation, and all the poor stuff which this class now displays in periodical offences against decency, was spoken and written till it grew too stale even for derision; but these creatures were not in society; they were regarded only as curious monsters. Such wives as those of Washington, Adams, Jay, Wolcott, Bradford, and King, had no desire, as Montaigne expresses it, "to cover their beauties under others that were none of theirs." APPENDIX. I. PERSONAL APPEARANCE OF WASHINGTON, AS DESCRIBED BY SOME CONTEMPORARY FOREIGNERS. THE surpassing greatness of Washington was seen and felt by every one who was permitted to come into his presence. The stature and air of other eminent characters have frequently disappointed their expectations whose ideas had been formed by the fame of illustrious actions. With those who saw Washington this was never the case. Every thing about him gave assurance of a character altogether transcending the ordinary dimensions of humanity. We have descriptions of him by many foreigners who visited this country during his military or his political career, but unfortunately none by his most intimate, affectionate, and reverent friends, Lafayette, Luzerne, and some others, in the army, or in the earlier diplomatic service of France. From those that we have, however, a few are here transcribed. In the expedition under the Marshal Count de Rochambeau, which arrived in America in 1780, were Lieutenant General Count Mathieu Dumas, and Major General the Marquis de Chstellux, both of whom afterward attempted the portraiture of Washington in their Memoirs. DUMAS introduces him as follows: "1GENERAL WASHNGnTON, accompanied by the Marquis de Lafayette, repaired in person to the French headquarters. We had been impatient to see the here of liberty. His dignified address, his simplicity of manners, and mild gravity, snrpassed our expectation, and won every heart. After having conferred with Count Rlochambeau, as hie was leaving us to return to his head-quarters near West Point, I received the welcome order to accompany him as far as Providence. We arrived there at nighst the whole of the population had assembled from the suburbs; we were surrounded by a crowd of children carrying torches, reiterating the acelamations of the citizens; all were eager to approach the person of him whom they called their father, and pressed so closely around us that they hindered us from proceeding. General Washington was much affected, stopped a few moments, and pre-ssing my hand, said,' We may be beaten by tise English; it is the chance of war; but behold an army which they can -never conquer."'" Afterwards the count conveyed to him some despatches, at Mount Vernon. "1I recall the impressions which I received during the short stay that I made in tine family of the deliverer of America. The brilliant actions of great men cannot fail to be recalled by history; the anecdotes of their private life are equally worthy of being preserved, because they often make us hotter acquainted with the principal traits of their character. The general gave me a msost cordial reception. H-e appeared to be highly satisfied withn the despatches which I delivered to hsim, in the presence of M. doe Lafayette, Colonel Hamilton, his aid-do-camp, and Colonel Humphreys, who performed the duties of chief of the staff. He withdrew to confer with them. Being invited to dinner, which was remarkably plain, I had leiseire to admire the perfect harmony of his noble and fine countenance, with the simplicity of his language and the justice and depth of his observations, lie generally sat long at table, and animated the conversation by unaffected cheerfulness. Much was said of the treachery of Arnold, of the firmness and moderation with which the General had just suppressed the insubordination of the troops of the state of Pennsylvania, and lastly of the situation of Virginia, of the manehes and counter-marches of Lord Cornwallis. I was particularly struck with the marks of affection which the General shooed to his pupil], his adopted son the Marquis do Lafayette. Seated opposite, to him, he looked at him with ploa are, and listened to him with manifest interest. One of the company, (if I remember rightly it was Colonel IHamil 372 A P EN D IX. ton, who was afterwards so unfortunately and so prematurely snatched from the hopes of his contry,) related the manner in which the General had received a despatch from Sir Henry Clinton, addressed to Mr. Wasgton. Taking it from the hands of the flag of truce, and seeing the direction, This letter,' said he, is directed to a pnter of the state of Virginia. I shall have it delivered to him after the end of the war; till that time it shall ot e opened.' A second despatch was addressed to his Excellency General Washington." The description of Washington by the Marquis d CASTELLUX is endorsed by the anonymous translator, who was himself familiar with the Chief's personal appearance. He confesses that it is feebly rendered, but declares that "every feature, every tint, of the portrait, will stand the test of the severest scrutiny." "Here would be the proper place to give the portrait of General Washington; ut what can my testimony add to the idea already formed of him? The continent of North America, from Boston to Charleston, is a great volume, every page of which presents his eulogium. I know, that having had the opportunity of a near inspection, and of closely observing him, some more particular details may be expected from me; ut the sonest characteristic of this respectable man, is the perfect union which reigns between the physical and moral qualities which compose the individual; one alone wvill enable you to judge of all the rest. If you are presented with medals of Cesar, of Trajan, or Alexander, on examining their features, you wvill still be led to ask what was their stature, and the form of their persons; but if you discover, in a heap of ruins, the head or the limb of an antique Apollo, be not curious about the other parts, but rest assured that they all were conformable to those of a god. Let not this comparison be attriuted to enthusiasm! It is not my intention to exaggerate; I wish only to express the impression General Washington has left on my mind -the idea of a perfect whole, which cannot be the product of enthusiasm, which rather would reject it, since the effect of proportion is to diminish the idea of greatness. Brave without temerity, laborious without ambition, generous wvithout prodigality, noble without pride, virtuous without severity, he seems aays to have confned himself within those limits, where the virtues, by clothing themselves in more lively bt more changeable and doutfal colors, may be mistaken for faults. This is the seventh year that he has commanded the army, and that he has obeyed the Congress. More need not be said, especially in America, ere they know o o appreciate all te merit contained in this simple fact. Let it be repeated that Cond6 was intrepid, Trenne prudent, ugene adroit, and Catinet disinterested. It is not thus that Washington will be characterized. It i e said of him, at the end of a long civil wvar, he had nothing with which he could reproach himself. If any thing can e more marvellous than such a character, it is the unanimity of the public suffrages in his favor. Soldier, magistrate, peope, all love and ad mire him; all speak of him in terms of tenderness and veneration. Does there then exist a virtue capable of restrainIng the injustice of mankind? or, are glory ard happiness too recently estahished in America, for envy to have deigned to pass the seas? In speaking of this perfect wvhole, of wrhich General Washington furnishes the idea, I have not excluded exterior form. His stature is noble and lofty; he is wvell made and exactly proportioned; his physiognomy mild and agreeable, but such as renders it impossible to speak particularly of any of his features, so that inl quitting him you. have only the recollection of a fine face. He has neither a grave nor a familiar air-. lise browv is sometimes imarked with thought, but never with inquietude. Inspiring respect, he inspires confidence, and his smile is at ways the smile of benevolence." The Abb6 ROBIN, a French priest attached to the army of Rochambeau as chaplain, and evidently a man of education, refinement, and liberality, gives us the following sketch of Washington in his Nouveaeu Voylage dons l'Asmeriqute Septentr-ionale, published in Paris in 1'782. "I have, seen General Washington, that most singular man - the soul and support of one of the greatest revolu.tions that has ever happened, or can happen. I fixed my eyes upon him with that keen attention wvhich the sight of a great man alovays inspires. We naturally entertain a secret hope of discovering in the features of such illustrious persons some traces of that excellent genius wvhich distinguishes them from, and elevates them above their fellowr mortals. Perhaps the exterior of no man wvas better calculated to gratify these expectations than that of General Washington. He is of a tall and noble stature, wvell proportioned, a fine, cheerful, open countenance, a simple and modest carriane; and his wvhole mien has something in it that interests the French, the Americans, and even enemies themselves in his favor. Placed in a military viewv, at the head of a nation. wvhere each individual has a share in the supreme legislative authority, and wrhere coercive lawvs are yet in a great degree destitute of vigor, wvhere the climate and manners can add but little to their energy, wvhere the spirit of party, private interest, slowvness and national indolence, slacken, suspend and overthrow the best concerted measures; although so situated, he has found out a method of keeping his troops in the most absolute subordiuation: making them rivals in praising him; fearing him even wvhen he is silent, and retaining their full confidence in him after defeats and disgrace. His reputation has, at length, arisen to a most brilliant height; and he may nowv grasp at the most unbounded power, wvithout provoking envy or exciting suspicion. H~e has ever shown himself superior to fortune,,and in the most trying adversity has discovered resources till then -unknown; and, as if lils abilities only increased and dilated at the prospect of difficulty, he is never better supplied than when he seems destitute of every thing, nor have his arms ever been so fatal to his enemies, as at the -very instant wvhen they had thought they had crushed him for ever. It is his to excite a spirit of heroism and satins siasm in a people, wvho are by nature very little susceptible of it; to gain over time respect and homage of those wvhose interest it is to refuse it, and to execute Ilis plans and projects by means unknown even to those wvho are his mestromeats; he is intrepid in dangers, yet never seeks them but wvhen the geed of hsis country demands it, preferring rather to temporize and act upon the defensive, because he knoovs such a mode of conduct best suits the genius and direamstances of the nation, and that all hie and they have to expect, depends upon time, fortitude, and patience: lie is frugal AP P E N D I X. 373 and sober in regard to himself, but profuse in the public cause; like Peter the Great, he has by defeats conducted his army to victory; and like Fabius, but with fewer resources and more difficulty, he has conquered without fighting, and saved his country. Such are the ideas that arise in the mind, at the sight of this great man, in examining the events in which he has had a share, or in listening to those whose duty obliges them to be near his person, and consequently best display his true character. In all these extensive states they consider him in the light of a beneficent God, dispensing peace and happiness around himn. Old mien, womien, and children, press about him when he accidentally passes along, and think themselves happy, once in their lives, to have seen him -they follow him through the towns with torches, and celebrate his arrival by public illuminations. The Americans, that cool and sedate people, who in the midst of their most trying difficulties, have attended only to the directions and impulses of plain method and common reason, are roused, animated, and inflamed at the very mention of his namne: and the first songs that sentiment or gratitude has dictated, have been to celebrate General Washington." JOSEPH MANDRILLON, a French merchant and man of letters, established at Amsterdam, whence he made a voyage to this country, has the following in his Spectateur Americain, published in 1784: "Why did I not receive from nature the genius and eloquence of the celebrated orators of Greece and Rome? Oh that I could but for a moment snatch their pencils to trace rapidly the picture of the greatest man that America has ever produced, and one of the most celebrated that ever existed! With what energy, with what enthusiasm wouLld I not speak of his brilliant virtues! who is the man that would be jealous of the homage I pay him? who is the man that would tax me with flattery? We are no longer in those barbarous ages in which men offered incense to tyrants, in which they dared to give the name of hero to men addicted to every vice, and whom they dreaded too much to offend. We are no longer in those ages when cruel sovereigns had mercenary writers to palliate their crimes, and to Ipraise tihem for virtues they did not possess. Our more enlightened age presents to us in history sovereigns anid mes as they really were; truLLth is its character. The public veneration for General Washington is the precious fruit of the severest examination of his conduct. Jealous of his glory and the approbation of his contemporaries, he enjoys them without arrogance and without presumption; and if he does himself the justice to believe that he merits his celebrity, he likewise knows that posterity, which raises and demolishes statues, will never injure the trophies erected to his memory. The hand of a barbarian only, who cannot read, or a savage ignorant of history, with the stroke of a hatchet would break his statue, supposing it to be that of a despot. But when from the ruins of the inscription they shall collect the name of Washington, the chief of these barbarians or savages, instructed by tradition of the American revolution, will be avenged for the outrageous attempt, and cause the monument to be repaired. On its base will be read, ignorance had overthrown it, and justice again raised it up: mortals revere his memory! Having been the soul and support of one of the greatest events of the age, it is but just that Washington should pass his days without a cloud, in the bosom of repose, of honor and public veneration. Nature sometimes places the soul of an hero in a feeble body; but when we speak of the brilliant actions of a man whose features and stature we are ignorant of, we are inclined to paint him as endowed with every valuable gift of nature, and please ourselves with believing that his features bear the imnage of that genius which elevates him above his fellow men. No person is better calculated to maintain this opinion than Washington. A proper size, noble and wvell proportioned, an open countenance, soft and sedate, but without any one striking feature, and when you depart from him, the remembrance only of a fine man will remain; a fine figure, an exterior plain and modest, a dignity insinuating, and firm without severity, a manly boldness, an uncommon penetration to seize the whole of things submitted to his judgment, and a complete experience in war and politics; equally useful in the cabinet and in the field of Mars, the idol of his country, the admiration of the enemy he has fought and vanquished; modest in victory, great in the reverse. Why do I say reverse? very far from being subdued he has made every misfortune contribute to his success. He knows to obey as well as to command, he never madle use of his power or the submission of his army to derogate from the authority of his country or to disobey its commands. With a perfect knowledge of man, he knew how to govern freemen in peace, and by his example, his activity, his energy, he taught them to love glory and danger, and to despise the inclemency of the climate and the rigors of winter. The soldier, jealous of his praises, feared even his silence; never was general better served and obeyed. More thoughtful of his country's glory thdn his own, he never trusted to chance; his operations marked by prudence, had always the preservation of his country for their sole object; he appeared unwilling to possess glory but from her alone; his maximn was always to gain time, to act on the defence, and without attacking his enemies in front, lhe knew how to harass them, to exhaust their forces by excursions, by surprises of which a great man only can value the utility. Like Camillus he forsook the charms of'ural life and flew to the assistance of his country; like Fablus he saved it by procrastinating; like Peter the Great he triumphed over his enemies by the experience acquired by misfortune. There is not a man, not a monarch in Europe who would not envy the glory of having acted such a part as Washington. It is said the king of Prussia sent him a sword with only this direction, The oldest general of the old world to the greatest general of the new. If ever mortal fully enjoyed his reputation during his own lifetime, if ever a citizen found in his own country a recompense for his services and abilities, it is this hero; every where entertained, admired, caressed, he every where meets hearts eager to render him homage; if he enters a town, or if he passes through a village, old and young men, women and children, all follow him with acclamations; all load him with blessings; in every heert he has a temple consecrated to respect and friendship. 1-low I am deliglhted with representing to myself the French general,* equally the idol and the hero of hlis army, saying at table as lhe sat near Washington, that he had never known what true glory was, nor a truly great man. until lhe became acquainted with him. When America, everthrown by the dreadful revolutions of nature, shall no longer exist, it will be remembered of Washington, that hle was the defender of liberty, the friend of man, and the avenger of an oppressed people." 5 The MIarshal Count de Rochambeau, 374 APPENDIX. The celebrated Italian poet, ALFIERI, in 11788 addressed his tragedy of Te First Brut "to the most illustrious and free citizen, General Washington," as follows: "The name of the deliverer of America alone can stand on the title-page of the tragedy of the deliverer of Rome. To you, excellent and most rare citizen, I therefore dedicate this, withot first hinting at a part of the so many prases due to yourself, which I now deem all comprehended in the sole mention of yor name. Nor can this my slight allusion to you appear to yclu contaminated by adulation, since, not owing yn in person, and living dioned from you by the immense ocean, we have but too emphatically nothing etween us in common bt the love of glory. Happy are you, who have been able to build your glory on the bime and eternal basis of love to yor contry, demonstrated by actions! I, though not born free, yet having abandoned in time my lares, and for no other reason than that I might write loftily of liberty, hope by this means at least to have proved what might have been my love for my country if I had indeed fortunately belonged to one that deserved the title. In this single respect, I do not think myself wholly unworthy to mingle my name with yours." CHARLES JAmEs Fox said in the British Parliamtnent on the thirty-first of January, 194: "Illustrious man! deriving honor less firom the splendor of his situation than from the dignity of his mind! before whom all borrowed greatness sinks into insignificance!.... I cannot, indeed, help admiring the wisdom and fortune of this great man; by the phrase'fortune' I mean not in the slightest deree to derogate from his mert; but notwithstanding his extraordinary talents and exalted integrity, it must e considered as sinlarly fortunate that he shod have experienced a lot which so seldom falls to the portion of humanity, and have passed through such a variety of scenes without stain and without reproach. It must indeed create astonishment that, placed in circumstances so critical and filling for a series of years a station so conspicuous, his aiter should never once have been called in question; that hlie should in no one instance have been accused either of improper insolence or of mean submission, in his transactions with foreign nations. For him it has been reserved to run the race of glory without experiencing the smallest interruption to the brilliancy of his career."' In 1795, Mr. ERSKINE, afterward Lord Erskine, called Washington's attention to a passage in the work he had then just written on the Causes and Consequences of the War with France, in a letter in which he says: "I have taken the liberty to introduce your august and immortal name in a short sentence which will be found in the book I send you. I have a large acquaintance among the most valuable and exalted classes of men; but you are the only human being for whom I ever felt an awful reverence. I sincerely pray God to grant you a long and serene evening to a life so gloriously devoted to the, universal happiness of the world."' WASHINGITON'S "RULES OF CIVILITY AND DECENT BEHAVIOR IN COMPANY." A-,oNxe the earlier writings of Washington Mr. Sparks preserves a series of directions as to personal conduct, and remarks, very justly, that whoever has studied the character of Washington will be persuaded that some of its most promiaeat features took their shape from the rules whicha he thus early selected and adopted as his guide. 1. Every action iu company ought to be with some sign of respect to those present. 2. In the presence of others, sing not to yourself with a humming noise, nor drum with your fingers, or feet. 3. Speak not when others speak, sit not when othsers stand, and walk not when others stop. 4,Turn not v'our hack to others, especially in speakcing; jog not the table or desk on which another reads or writes; lean not on any one. 5. Be no flatterer, neither play with any one that delights not to be played with. 6. Read no letters, hooks, or papers in company; but when there is a necessity for doling it, you must asic leave. Come not near the boolcs or writings of any one so as to read them, unasked; also, look not -nigh when another is writing a letter. T'. Let your countenance he pleasant, but in serious matters somewhat grave. S. Show not yourself glad at the misfortune of another, though he were your enemly. 9. They that are in dignity or office have in all places precedency; hut whilst they are young, they ought to respect those that are their equals in birth or other qualities, though they havo no public charge. 13. It is _ood manners to prefer them to whom we sepakc before ourselves, especially if they he above us, with Wli OM, in rio sort, we ought to begin. 11. Let your discourse with men of business be short and comprehensive. 1.2. In visiting the sick, do not presently play the physician, if you be not knowing therein. 13. In writing or speaking, give to every person his due title, according to his deg roe and the custom of the pisco. 14. Strive not with your superiors in argument, but always submit your judgment to others with modesty. 15, U~ndertak,,e not to teach your equal in the art himself professes; it savors of arrogancy. APPENDIX. 375 16. When a man does all he can, though it ceeds not wvell, blame not him that (lid it. 1. Bein o advie or reprehend any one, consider whether it ought to be in public or in private, presently or at some other time, als in what terms to do it; and in reproving, show no signs of choler, but do it with sweetness and mildness. 18. Mock not, nor jest at any thing of importance break no jests that are sharp or biting, and if you deliver any hing witty or pleasant, abstain from laughing thereat yourself. 19. Werein you reprove another e unbamable yourself, for example is nmore prevalent than precept. 20. se no reproachful langage against any one, neither curses nor revilings. 21. Be not hasty to believe flying reports, to the disparagement of any one. 22 In your apparel be modest, and endeavor to accommodate nature rather than procure admiration. Keep to the fashion of your equals, such as are civil and orderly with respect to time and place. 23. Play not the peacock, looking every where about you to see if you be well decked, if your shoes fit well, if your stockings sit neatly, and clothes handsomely. 24. Associate yourself with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation, for it is better to be alone than in had company. 25. Let your conversation be without malice or envy, for it is a sign of a tractable and commendable nature, and in all causes of passion admit reason to govern. 26. Be ot immodest in urging your friend to discover a secret. 2. Utter not base and frivolous thins amongst rown and learned men: nor very difficult questions or subjects amongst thce ignorant, nor things hard to be believed. 28. Speak not of doleful things i time of mirth, nor at the table: speak not of melancholy things, as death and wounds, and if others mention them, change, if you can, the discourse. Tell not your dreams but to your intimate friends. 29. Break ot a jest where noe take pleasure in mirth. Laugh not aloud, nor at all without occasion. Deride no man's misfortune, though ticere seem to be come cause.. Speak not injurious words, neither in jest or earnest. Scoff at none, although they give occasion. 31. Be not forward, but friendly ad courteous, the first to salute, hear and answer, and be not pensive when it is a time to converse. 2. Detract not from others, ut neither be excessive in commending. 33. Go not thither, where you know ot whether you shall be welcome or not. Give not advice without being asked, acd when desired, do it briefly. 34. If two contend together, take not the part of either unconstrained, and be not obstinate in your opinion: in things indifferent be of the major side. 33. Reprehend not tics imperfections of others, for that belongs to parsnts, masters, and superiors. 36. Gaze scot on the marks or blemishces of others, and ask not how they came, What you may speak in secret to your friend, deliver not before others. 37. Speak ncct icc an -unknown tongue icc company, but in your own language; ancd ticat as those of quality do, and not as the vulgar. Sublime matters treat seriously. 33. Thcink before you speak; pronounce not imperfectly, nor bring out your words too Icastily, hut orderly and distinctly. 89. Whcen another speaks, be attentive yourself, and disturb not the audience. If any hesitate in his words, help him not, nor prompt him without being desired; interrupt him not, nor answer him till his speech bs ended. 40. Treat with men at fit times oboist business, and whisper not in the company of others. 41. Make no comparisons, and if any of the company be commended for any brave act of virtue, commend moot another for the same. 42. Be not apt to relate news, if you know not the truth thereof. In discoursing of things you have heard, namle not your author always. A secret discover not. 43. Be not curious to know the affairs of others, neither approach to those that speak in private. 44.'Undertake not what you cannot perform; but be careful to keep your promise. 45. When you deliver a matter, do it without passion and indiscretion, however mean the person may be you do it to. 46. When your superiors talk to any body, hear them, neither speak nor laughb. 47. In disputes, be not so desirous to overcome as not to give liberty to each one to deliver his opinion, and submit to the judgment of tice major part, especially if tisey are judgers of the dispute. 48. Be not tedious hsI discourse, make not many digressions, nor repeat often the same matter of discourse. 49. Speak no evil of the absent, for it is unjust. 53. Be not aocgry at table whatever happens, and if you. have reason to he so, show it not, put on a cheerful countenance, especially if there be strangers, for good humor snakes one dish a feast. 51. Set moot yourself at the uipper end of the table, but if it be your due, or the master of the house will have it so contend not lest you should trouble the compassy. 52. When you speak of God or lois ssttribntes, let it he seriously in reverence and honor, and obey your natural parenots. 53. Let your recreations be manful, not sinful. 54. Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire, called conscience. '76 A P P E N DIX. III. EXTRACT FROM WASHINGTON'S DIARY, DURING THE FDERAL CONVENTION. WASHINGTON kept diaries during the greater part of his life. The following extract fro that which relates to the period of the Convention for forming the Constitution, discloses some of the social intimacies of the Chief in Philadelphia. MJoay 9th, 1787.- Crossed from Mount Vernon to Mr. Digges's a ittle after sunrise, and, prsuing the r by the way of Baltimore, dined at Mr. Richard Henderson's in Bladensburg, and lodged at Major Snowden's, where, feeling very severely a violent headache and sick stomach, I went to bed early. 10th..-A very great appearance of rain in the morning, andg, induced me, though well recovered, to wait till about eight o'clock before I set off. At one o'clock I arrived at Baltimore; ined at the Fountain Inn, and supped and lodged at Dr. MelHenry's; rain in the evening. 11th. -Set off before breakfast; rode twelve miles to Skirrett; baited there, and proceeded without ating (weather threatening), to the ferry at Havre de Grace, where I dined, but could not cross, the wind being turbulent and squally. Lodged there. 12t. - With difficulty, on account of the wind, crossed the Susquehanna. Breakfasted at the ferry-house on the east side. Dined at the Head of Elk (Hollingsworth's tavern), and lodged at Wilmington. At the Head of Elk I was overtaken by Mr. Francis Corbin, who took a seat in my carriage. 13t7b.- About eight o'clock Mr. Corbin and myself set out, and dined at Chester (Mr. Wilky's), where I was met by Generals Mifflin (now speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly), Knox, and Varnum, Colonels umpreys and Menges, and Majors Jackson and Nicholas, with whom I proceeded to Philadelphia. At Gray's Ferry the city lighthorse, commanded by Colonel Miles, met me, and escorted me in; and the artillery officers, who stood arraned, saluted me as I passed. Alighted through a crowd at Mr. House's; but being again warmly and kindly pressed by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Morris to lodge with them, I did so, and had my baage removed thither. Waited on the president, Dr. Franklin,* as soon as I got to town. On may arrival the bells were chimed. 14th. -This being the day appointed for the Convention to meet, such members as were in town assembled at the State-hlouse; but only two states being represented, namely, Virginia and Pennsylvania, agreed to attend at the same place at eleven o'clock to-morrow. Dined in a family way at Mr. Morris's. 15th. - Repaired at the hour appointed to the State-house; but no more states being- represented than yesterday, though several more members had come in, we agreed to meet again to-morrow. Governor Randolph -from Virginia camne in to-day. Dined with the members of the general meeting- Of the Society of the Cincinnati. 16th. -No more than two states being yet represented, agreed, till a quorum of them should be formed, to alter the hour of meeting at the State-house to one o'clock. Dined at the president Dr. Franklin's, and drank tea and spent the evening at Mr. John Penn's. 17thb. - Mr. Rutledge from Charleston, and Mr. Charles Pinckney from Congress, having arrived, gave a representation to Sooth Carolina; and Colonel Mason, getting in this evening, placed all the delegates from Virginia on the floor of the Convention. Dined at Mr. Powel's and drank tea there. 18thb. -The representation from New York appeared onthiefdoor to-day. Dined at Gray's Ferry, and drank teaat Mr. Morris's; after which accompanied Mrs. Morris and some other ladies to hear a Mrs. O'Connell read. The lady, being reduced in circumstances, had recourse to this expedient to obtain a little money. H-er performance was tolerable; at the College Hall. 19thb. - No more states represented. Dined at Mr. Ingersoll's; spent the evening at my lodgings, and retired to my room soon. 20thb. - Dined with Mr. and Mrs. Morris and other company at their farm, called the hills; returned in time afternoon, and drank tea at Mr. Powel's. 21st. -Delaware state was represented. Dined and drank tea at Mr. Binghiam's in greattsplendor. 22dt. - The representation from North Carolina was completed, which made a representation for dyve states. Dined and drank tea at Mr. Morris's. 93d. - No more states being represented, I rode to General Mufflin's to breakfast; after which, in company with bins, Mr. Madison, Mr. Rutledge, and others, I crossed the Schoylkill above the Falls; visited Mr. Peters's, Mr. Penn's seat, msnd Mr. William Hamilton's. Dined at Mr. Chew's with the wedding guests (Colonel Howard of Baltimore havinu married his daughter Peggy). Drank tea there in a very large circle of ladies. 24th. -No more states represented. Dined and drank tea at Mr. John Ross's. One of my postillion boys (Paris) being sick, requested Dr. Jones to attend him. 25thb. - Another delegate coming in from the state of New Jersey, gave it a representation, and increased the number to seven, which forming a quorum of the thirteen, the members present resolved to organize time body; when., by aunanimous vote, I was called up to the chair as president. Major William Jackson wao appointed secretary; and a committee was chosen, consisting of three members, to prepare. rules and rebulations for conducting the business; and, after appointing door-keepers, the convention adjourned till Monday, to give time to the committee to report the matter referred to them. Returned many visits to-day. Dined at Mr. Thomas Willing's, and spent the evening at my lodgings.`President of Pennsylvamnia. APPEN DIX. 377 26th. -Returned all my visits this forenoon. Dined with a club at the City Tavern, and spent the eveni at My quarturs writing letters.'s. 2T. -Went he eRomish church to high mass. Dined, drank tea, and spent the evening at my lodgings. 2th. -Met in convention at ten o'clock. Two states more, namely, Massachusetts and Connecticut, were on the oor to-day. Established rules, agreeably to the plan brought in by the committee for the government of the Conjourned. Dined at home, and drank tea in a large circle at Mr. Francis's. 29t. - Attended Convention, and dined at home; after which accompanied Mrs. Morris to the benefit concert a Mr. Juhian. 30th. -Attended Convention; dined with Mr. Vaughan; drank tea, and spent the evening at a Wednesday eveni party at Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence's. st. -The state of Georgia came on the floor of the Convention to-day, which made a representation of ten states. Dined at Mr. Francis's, and drank tea with Mrs. Meredith. Jne t. -Attending in Convention; and, nothing being suffered to transpire, no minutes ofte proceedings have been, or will be, inserted in this diary. Dined with Mr. John Penn, and spent the evening at a superb entertainment at Bush iven by Mr. Hamilton, at which were more than a hundred guests. 2.- Major Jenifer coming in, with sufficient powers for the purpose, gave a representation to Maryland; which broughtlt iestatesin thle Uniion into Convention, except Rhode Island, which had refutsed to selddeleates. Dined at the City Tavern with the club, and spent the evening at my own quarters. IV. FRENCH CRITICISMS OF AMERICAN MANNERS AT THE CLOSE OF THE LAST CENTURY. Tne Meoies of the Marshal Count de ROCHAMBnEAU, so far as they rIelate to America, are for the ost part military, but he has left us a few paragraphs on society. He says: "Te first act of Congress was to exclude frtom political as well as civil assemblies all ecclesiastics itout exception. Te ministers were forced in many communes to abandon their churches, and it was not until peace that several of them, havin ot themselves consecrated by the Lutheran bishops of Denmark and Sweden, were reinstated in teir livings; by tese precautions, religion was prevented from taking a part in political deliberation; every one - fessed his own religioan with exactitude; the sanctity of the Lord's day was scrupulously observed. At all public feasts the ministea of religion held the first place; he blessed tine repast; but his prerogatives in society extsnded no further. Such preamble most naturally lead to psnre and simple unananers. Hos pitality is tine virtane the most generally observed. Young women are free till their marriage. The first question addressed to a younDg woman is whetiner sine Ins nanarried; if shne be, tinere thne conversation r'estS. It is not un1comnuon1 that, at tine alge of womanahood, they accomlpany their father and another to churein, althosagh they have not yet made choice of any particular religion; if you ask thaem why, they say tlaat tiney will followv tine snauc religion ass tineir hansband. But wvhen they haye oance entered the state of matrimony, they give themselves up entirely to it, and you seldom see, particularly in the rural districts, a woman Of loose Manners. Clailfiren are, geaneraniy speaking, kept extremely clean. A settler is, at homes, neithner a load of a annanor nor a farmer; he is a propnrietor inn a full sense of' tine word, possessing tine y-aestagns sssfficit of his necessaries, and linc lays out the, overplus of his crops in the purchases of good and comfortable clotlaing, svithout any of the exterior appendages of luxanry. The same simplicity is observed wvitla regard to lain furniture, aand nanblemished cleanliness is ito priancipal merit; but it is not without difficulty that the American settler arrives at thias state. I will anosw explaian las uviat mannansra these settlemenats were formed ian the origin, aand how they still contisnue to be formed. Whereas there is naucla aore land to be cleared thnan there aa-e hands to cultivate it, laborers are in great denaund; a casitivator or day laborer earaned, ian nay thus, a plaster of five livres teaa nouns per diets. It is not auncossamusn tinat a laborer, who works assiduously for tine space of six years on an average, cans accuinulate a sasificient sum, to panrclaase a tuiece of ground. They commence by firing the foresto, which operation they call clsans-ianp. They next nose in the furrowsr every kind of seed. whnich growvs with great abundance on a layer of rotteaa leaves, reduced to a vegetable soil formed at the expiration of many years. Thney thnen build their inabitation with the round branclacs of the trees, piled oano upoan. another, and propped up by stakes, They enclose their fields with baarriers, accordiang to tlaeir different destinations, They take care to reserve pens, covered over with leaves, to protect tineir cattle from tine alan anad heavy desw, svherein the animals are enabled to pass has niglat at large. At the expirations of tsventy or thirty yenrs, when they have succeeded in fully clearing the ground, they proceed to build more tidynand comfortable houses wsitis planks cleverly joined, and wrouight Nvitla great art. Bunt little iron is used in these constaructions; the doors and swindowes hem,, made to fit with remarkable precision by their skilful carpenters. At length, twenty or thirty yearss later, thne family's circumstances becoame more easy, anad they then remove to an brick house, the compleanent of their ancinitecture. Tine latter is composed of a kind of open mall or verandah, a neat drawving-room, which in -not scantily supplied with fuel during the colder months, and a kitchen next to it, The family sit all tine day in their drawvinaga-sinu; they take four meals per day, interrupted only by moderate labor, and a little ne,,ro is incessantly occupied in spreading and clearing away the clotis. The bedrooms, -with very clean and comfortable bedding are sitamated on the h.int story, and their walls arewshitewvashed r-eguilarly every year. In the large tovus, luxury liasneade more progress; rich merchants and bankers have provided thneir residence with costly English furniture; tineir ladies are clad to tine tip) of line French fhaahinns, of svhicln tisey are remasnrkably fond." 48A 378 0 APPENDIX. The Marquis de Chastellux, whose Voyage dans 1' Ameriqee has been frequently quoted in the hpreceding pages, as many observations on the peculiarities of American maners, some of which are entertaining. Describing a dinner at the Chevalier de la Luzerne's, he says The dinner was served in the American, or if you will, in the English fashion; consisting of two courses, one omprehendin the entries, the roast meat, and the warm side dishes; the other, the sweet pastry and confectionery. When this is removed, the cloth is taken off, and apples, nuts, and chestnuts are served: it is then hat healts are drank; the coffee which comes afterwards serves as a signal to rise from table. These healths, or toasts, as I have already observed, have no inconvenience, and only serve to prolong the conversation, which is always more animated t the end of the repast; they oblige you to commit no excess, wherein they greatly differ from the German healts, d from those we still give in our garrisons and provinces. But I find it an absurd and truly bararos practice, the first time you drink, and at the beginning of dinner, to call out successively to each individual, to let him know you drink his health. The actor in this ridiculous comedy is sometimes ready to die with thirst, whilst e is oblied to inquire the names, or catch the eyes of five and twenty or thirty persons, and the unhappy persons to whom he addresses himself, with impatience, for it is certainly not possible for them to bestow a very great attention to what they re eatin, and what is said to them, being incessantly called to on the right and left, or pulled by the sleeve y chartable neighors, who are so kind as to acquaint them with the politeness they are receiving. The mot civil of the Americans are not content with this general call; every time they drink they make partial ones, for example, four or five persons at a tie. Another custom completes the despair of poor foreigners, if they be ever so little absent, or have good appetites these general and partial attacks terminate in downlight duels. They call to you from one end of the tae to the other: Sir, will you permit sue to drislc a glass of wsine ewilts yos? This paccepted, and does not admit the excuse of the Great-Cousin, one does not drink without being eqited. The bottle is then passed to you, and you must look your enemy in the face, for I can give no other name to the ma who exercises su an empire over my will: you wait till he likewise has poured out his wine, and taken i glass; you then drink m rnfully with him, as a recruit imitates the corporal in his exercise. But to do justice to the Amecans, they themselves feel the ridicule of these customs borrowed from old England, and since laid aside y her. They proposed to the Chevalier do la Luzerne to dispense with them, knowing that his example would have great weiht; but he thought proper to conform, and he did right. The more the French are known to e in possession of giving their customs to other nations, the umore should they avoid the appearance of changing those of the American. Happy our ation if her ambassadors and her travellers had always so correct an understanding, and if the never l iht of this observation, that of all men, the dancing-master should have the most negligent air Of dancing and mnusic: "Dancing is said to he at once the emblem of gayety and of love; here it seensa to he the emblem of legislation, and of marriane; of legislation, inasmuch as places are masked out, the country dances -named, and every proceeding provided for, calculated, and submitted to regulation; of marriage, as it furnishes each lady with a partner, with whun she dances the whole evening, without being allowed to take another. It is true that every severe law requires mitigation, and that it often happens, that a young lady after dancing the two or three first dances with her partner, may make a fresh choice, or accept of the invitation alas has received; hut still the comparison holds good, for it is a marriage in the Eiwso1peanefotslion. Stranigers have generally the privilege of being complimesated with the, handsomest women. The Comte de Dumas had Mrs. Bingham for his partner, and the Vicomte de Noailles, Miss Shippen Both of them, like true philosophers, testified a great respect for the manners of the country, by not quitting their hamadsome partners the whole evening; in other respects they were the admiration of all the assembly, from the grace, and nobleness with which they danced; I may even assert, to the honor of my cousatry, that they surpassed a Chief Justice of Carolina (Mr. Pendleton) and twss members of Congress, one of wvhosn (Mr. Duane) passed however for being by ten per cent. usrer lively than all the other dancers. Tue ball was suspended, towards midnaight, by a supaper, served in the msanner of coffee, on several different tables. On passing into the dining room, the Chevalier de Ia Luzerne presented his hand to Mrs. Morris, and gave her the precedence, an honor pretty generally bestowed on her, as she is the richest woman in the city, and all ranks here belag equal, men followr their natural bent, by givimsg the preference to riclses.... When music and the dune arts come to prosper at Philadelphia; when society once becomes easy asaid gasy there, asad they learn to accept of pleasure when it presents itself, -witisout a formal invitation, the mausy foreigners enjoy all this advantages peculiar to their manners and government, without envying any thing in Europe." Of elegance in dress, and its inafluences: -1What I amn about to say should only be whispered in your ear. I am going to handle a delicate subject. t am ventaring to touch the ark. But be assured, that during a three years residence in America, the progress of the women's dress has not escaped me. If I have enjoyed this as a feeling man, if the results of this progress have not been viewed by me with an indifferent eye, my time of life and character are a pledge to you that I have observed them as a philosoplier Well, it is inthis capacity Iundertake their defence, but so long onlyais thisigs are hot carried to anlexcess. The virtue of the women, which is more productive of happiness, evesa for the men, than all the enjoymesats of vice, if there be any remal pleasures arising from that source; the virtue of this women, I say, has two bucklers of defence; one is retirement, amid distance from all danger; this is the hidden treasure mentioned by IRochiefoucauld, which is untouched because it is undiscovered.'rho other is loftineass. a sentiment alu'ays noble in its relation to oaurselves. Let them learn to appreciate themselves; let them rise in their own estimation, and rely omi that estimable pride for the preservation of their virtue as well as of their fame. They -who love only pleasure, corrupt the sex, whom they con-,vert only histe an instrument of their voluptuousness; they wise love women, render them better by rendering theme APPENDIX. 379 moreaiable. Btyouwillsayisitbydressandbyexterior charms, that they must establish their empire? Yes, sir, every woman ought to seek to please; this is the weapon conferred on her by Nature to compensate the weakness of her sex. Without this she is a slave, and can a slave have virtues? Remember the word decss, of which we have formed decency its oinal import is onnent. A filthy and negligent woman is not decent, she cannot inspire respect. 1 have already allowed myself to express my opinion by my wishes; I desire, then, that all the American woen may be well dressed; but I have no objection to seeing that dress simple. They are not formed to represent the severity of the legislation; neither ought they to contrast with it, and convey a tacit insult on that severity. Gold, silver, ad diamonds, then, should be banished from American dress; what excuse can there be for a luxury which is not becomin? But this indulgence, which I have expressed for the toilet of the women, I am far from allowing to the men. I a not afraid to say. that I should have a very bad opinion of them, if in a country where there are neither etiquette nor titles, nor particular distinctions, they should ever give in to the luxury of dress; a luxury, which eve the French have laid aside, except on marriaes and entertainments, and which no longer exists any where but in Germany and Itly, where certainly you will not go in search of models.' PHILIP MAZZEI is now little kown in this country except as one of the confidential correspondents of Mr. Jefferson. He was born in Tuscany in 1730, and, after a career of various ade —,nture, came to America in 1773, with a small party of his countrymen, for the purpose of introducing into Virginia the cultre of the grape, the olive, and other fruits of Italy. In the revolution he took an active part in support of our independence. In 1783 he returned to Europe; in 1785 he came a second time to America, and in 1788 he wrote in Paris his Recherches Hlistoriques et Politiqes r le Etts- Unis d Amerique Sptentrionale, in four volumes. This work has lever been translated. He was subsequently privy councillor of the king of Poland, &c., and died in 1816. In is ecerches e presents some curious details of manners in Virginia, and, replying to certain passages by the Marquis d Chastellux, says: The Marquis de Chastllux states that the wealthiest people give but a very moderate dower to their daughters; ad that, in consequence, dependin on her personal attractions to win a husband, a girl is often a coquette and intriguer, and a married woan sad ad opin. It is true, as the marquis says, that dowers in America are quite moderate. is mistake is i the conequences which he deduces fromn this fact. In Ameiica, as indeed in every other a, the usaes of society are peculiar to the country; thus, among our own people, young men and women may rnset at any hosur of the day: hence they have little opportunity to assume and sustain a disuise; in other countries, where they pass hut little lime together, each one takes came to display Isis good qualities and to conceal his bad ones; here, their object is to becoane,acqtmaisted with each other's character; they marry only wvhen they are muttalily suited, and are rarely doomed to disappointmnent, in the sequel, there having been no effort on the part of either to dreceive. You never hear it remarkaned that such a man is attracted to a young woman merely because she is beautiful. and it is not rare that a girl refuses a young man whose fine person and large estate are his only recoummendations. Coquetry, properly speaking, is not known here; the slightest practice of it would tarnish a young woman's reputation; yet it is not surprising that our traveller has been deceived oms this subject. Any European visiting this cosuntry, without the means of forming an intimate acquaintance witis the people in their owvn homes, would he liable to fall in'o a sinsillar error -time firs-t impressions which a stranger receives abroad are so greatly modhified by isis recollection of the pecmdiar habits uf his own nation. In An-s rica it would be deemed a great indelicacy in a woman to show her legs two or three inches above her ankles. This would appear like affectation in many parts of Europe; In some of the Greek islands it wosmid be ridiculous in a woman to isave her skirts extend below her knees. JIm Eng — land. even amonmg the better class, one is not shocked t see a person cut his finger nails in company; any where else such a liberty would be thoughit extremely indecorous. Among- certain European communities a young woman is obliged to he very reserved with the men, especially with young omen. Once married she is no longer under the slighltest restraint. In Amnerica, on the contrary, young- women are affable with young umesm, and married women are reserved, and thmeir husbands are net as familiar with the girls as they were when bachelors. If a young man were to take it into his head that his betrothed should mist he free anti gay in her social intercoturse, hie would run the risk of being discarded, incur the reputation of jealousy, and would find it very difficult to get married. Yet if a single woman were to play the coquette she wotuld be regarded with contempt. As this innocent freedom between time,sexes diminishes in proportion as society loses its pusrity and simplicity of manners, as is the case in cities, I desire sincerely that our good Virginia ladies may Ion,, retain their liberty entire. "In re-ard to married women, their household duties prevent tisem from spendimsg much of their time in general society, but their reserve has in it nothing of sadness, although a stranger might jssdge differently, especially if he earns from a comintry where wvomen have their own way. Our wyomen are free and affable in proportion to the acquaintance whmich they have witha the persons with wvhomn they converse. "Youmng women, whose position is life relieves themte from any domestic duties, often get uip parties of pleasure, to ride on horseback, from. one house to another, through woods and over rivers, stopping at different places to take rest as they require it, and have a dance as often as they can. They go on, Increasing their party by takinmg with theim girls fromt the different houses which they visit. These, excursiomas often extemad to a hundred leagues or smore, and last several montihs. The managers endeavor tohlave as many youingnuen with them as possible., and the gallant who cannot himself be of the party imagines that his lady-love should give it up at once. Jealousy is regarded as a despi-able vice, and no one exhibits it unless he has time best grounds for it. In those things which depend entirely on -ustoim, no nation has a right to criticise another. A P P E N D T X. ~It i~s not my pu to nalyze th'Travels of the Marquis de Chastellux,' but simply to rectify some acen racies hic tend to giv. an erroneous id. a, not only of the morals, but also of the manners, of the people of country. I shall close with a single obs rvation on wAhat this author has said on the subject of precedece. In. dscribin a ball at Philadelphia, he says,' Thb Chevalier de la Luzerne gave his arm to Madam Moris, to lead her fist into the supper-room -she being the richest woman in the city; for here, where there is no distinction in rank, precedence is generally given to w alth.' Now, preced-nce for men is regulated by the place which they occupy i the state; in public, it is decided by law; in private, by custom. Women share the distinction of their husbands. An American in read this ace unt by the marquis would not be deceived; from the precedence yielded to r. Morris he would understand that the wife of the President of Congress was not at the fete, nor yet the wife of te President of Pennsylvania, nor the wif of the Speaker of the General Assembly." IThe Abb6 RON, whose description of Washington is quoted in a preceding page, gives us in his ovee Voyage dases l'A4merique, the following views of society: "Piety is ot the Only motive which induces American women to be constant in their attendance at church. Hain no pces of public amusement, no fashionable promenades, they go to church to display their fine dress. They ofen appear there clothed in silks, and sometimes covered with superb ornaments. They wear tiei hair dressed very hih on the crown of the head, in imitation of the fashion which prevailed among our French women some years since, or omethin after the style of the French women of the olden time. Instead of powder they use a ind of ea de sv, to make the hair glossy. This is frequently not unbecoming, the hair being of a very pretty bloe. The most reclehe however are beginning to adopt European fashions. They are tall and well proportioned; teir rfeatures ree generally reular; their complexion is very fair and without color; they have less ease and grace, but a more noble bearin than French ladies; indeed, I have noticed in nmany of them, something of the loftiness which characterizes some of the chlief-d'ceuvres of the old artists. The men are proportionably large, finely formed, and little inclined to eboist. Their complexion is slightly pale. They are less fashionable in their dress than te women, tyet they are very e. At twenty years of age the women have no longer the fireshness of youth. At thirty-five r forty they are wrinkled and decrepit. The men are almost as premature. Hence I have presumed that the avre lenth of life must be less in this country than it is in Europe. With a view to ascertain if this supposition e correct, I have visited all the church-yards of Boston, where it is customary to inscribe on the head-stone of each grave the nme and ae of the deceased. I have found that the majority of those who arrived at manhood died under the e of fifty. have seen very few of sixty, scarcely any of seventy, and I have not met one beyond seventy. As we advance towards the south, we find a very sensible difference in the manners and customs of te people. In Connecticut the houses are placed on the public roads, at small intervals, and barely large enog to accommdate a sinle family, ad are furnished in the most plain and simple manner; beut here are spacious, isolated abitatios, consistilg of several edifices, built in the centre of a islastation, and so remiote from the public riiad as to be lest to the view of travellers. These plantations are cultivated by negroes.... The furniture of ties houses here, is of the most costly wood. and the rarest marble, enriched amid decorated by artists; they have light amid eleganet carriages, which are drawvn by disc horses; the coachmen are slaves, and are richly dressed. There appears to he more wealth aend lisxnry in Annapolis than in any othei city wiiicle I have visited in thies gonis Teet av iieae of time women here surpasses that-of our own proviisces; a French hair-dresser is a man of great isuportance; one lady here pays to her coiffeur a salary of a thotusand crowns. This little, city, which is at thes muontli of the Severn riser,, contains sev — oral handsome edifices. The state-house is the finest in the counetry; -its fromet is ornamented with columns, and ties batiliing, surmounted by a doiue. There is also a theatre lhere. Annapolis is a place of considerable sliipping. The climate is the morst delightful in tihe world. Tise Duike do la ROCHIEFOUCAULD LIANCOuwmv, usi the eighth volume of his Voyage dens les -Etcets Unis, presents a summary of his views of the social life of the Americans, as follows: "If I leave been severely exact us representing an excessive avidity of becoming rich, as the, common characteristic of the Ainericman people, and especially iii ties inhabitants of cities, I shall be as exactly just in sdding Clint his disposition does nothleurry them onitoavarice. Withiout being-profuse, or for-ettin5 thieinterest of thleir famiilies, they knlow how to be, at proper times expensive, even with ostentation, and they do not refuse to assist the -unfortunate, wh~en proper opportunities for it occur....- Withiout hecomiing an extravagant eistlesiast oif Cue Quakers, it is inepossible not to remark, that in every place whsere any beneficent plan is formed for the good of humanity, theme they are alwaysready visitors. They are, perhaps, as is said of them, as much es-aged in the occupation if amassimeg riches, as those who do not belon5 to their society; hut granting it tii he so, this doss not prevent them from applying themselves, capon every occausloi, to acts of kiiedness and beneficence. Their tenets, thour principles, and their laws, rigisronsly prescribe this duty; and their constant inspection over their societies inures them to it. "Thoughi there be no distinctions acknowledged by the law in Cue United States, fortune and ties natore of pro-fes aloes form differemit classes. The mnerchiants, the lawyers, tihe land-owners, who do not cultivate their land themselves (and the number, which is small from the state of Delawvare to Cue north, is great in Cue. states of the South), the plsysicians, anid the clergy, form thse first class. The inferior miisrcleamts, the farmers, and the artisans, may be liecludeil is the secnsid; and the thsird class is composed of workmen, who let tlsenselves by the day, by the mionth, &c. In halls, concerts, and pubhlic amusements, these classes dlo nut niix; and yet, except the laborer in ports, and Cue comfier, sailor, every one calls himoselfg and is called by others, a gessleenee;: a small fortune is sufficient for the assumption of this title, as it carries men from one class to amiotlier. Thsey deceive themselves vory mutch wxlio tifink Clint iiure republican manners prevail in America. Thee white Asnericaii, by a pride which cainnot be blamed, and whichle rimceeds froem thee negroes hemng generally employed in the service., is assa~mied of use sitnathimn if. a doneestic; so hfat there cannot be reckoned througihout Chic whole extent of the Uinited States, twventy native Americans in this state of APENDIX. 381 domestic servants. The class of domestics in America is composed of poor priests, Germans, and of negroes and mulattoes; and as soon as the first have acquired a little money, they quit that station, regarded with a sort of contempt, and establish themselves upon land, which they clear and till, or in a small trade. In short, they become independent a master. The prejudice which causes the men in America to have so great a repugnance to the state of domestic gservitude, does not influence the woen in the same deree; nothing is more common than to see young women of ing the first years of their youth. Even their parents engage them in this situation without shocing any ideas. I have been told by M. de Faubonne, a Frenchman, formerly a captain in he reiment of Auverge (and whom the pride of independence induced to take up the business of a gardener for the support of his family, though he wa forty-six years of age), that he had had in his service, as maid-servant, the niece f te mayor of the city of New York, a young woman very honest, and well brought up. Similar examples are very commoma. In a country which has belonged to England for a long time, of which the most numerous and nearest connections re yet with Enand, and which carries on with Enland almost all its commerce, the manners of the people must necessaril resemble, in a great dre, those of England. To the American manners particularly, those relative to livin are the same as in the provinces of Enland. As to the dress, the English fashions are as faithfully copied, as the sending of merchandise from England, and the tradition of tailors and mantuamakers will admit of. The distribtn of the apartments in their houses is like that of England, the furniture is English, the town carriages are either English, or in the Enlish taste; and it is no small merit among the fashionable world to have a coach newly arrived from London, and of the newest fashion. The cookery is English, and, as in England, after dinner, which is not very long, the ladies withdraw, and give pace to drinking of wine in full bumpers, the most prominent pleasure of the day, and which it is, consequently, very natural to prolong as late as possible. There are great dinners, numerous tea parties, invited a long time in advance, but no societies. So that these tea assemblies are every where a fund of amusent for the ladies. Balls and plays are much frequented. It is generally understood that these kinds of dissipation eln only to the towns, and particularly to large cities. Luxury is very high there, especially at New Yorkl and Philadelphia, and makes a dangerous proress every year; but easily to be conceived, since luxury is, in some degree, ~~~~~~~~~~th~~e representation of riches, and that wealth tere is the only distinction. There are some persons who surpass their neighbors, already too far advanced, in luxury; these injure the manners of the country, but while the people censure, they pursue these sective paths; and frequent and sumptuous dinners are held in as high consideration in the new as in the old world; and this custom has its advantages very often. It has been seen that this consideration has raised to the pace of temporary Present of te Senate of the United States, a man who was not esteemed by any of those who elected him, or by any ther, either for his talents, his qualities, or for his character, but he entertained his friends with sumptuous dinners. In the other towns, and especially in the country, luxury is less prevalent, but it continually increases, and often out of proportion with wealth. "The women every where possess, in the highest degree, the domestic virtues, and all others; they have more sweetness, more goodness, at least as muds courage, hut more sensibility, than the men. Good wives, and good mothers, tiheir husbands and their children engacre their whole attention; and their household affairs occupy all their time and all their cares; destined by the. manners of their country to this domestic life, their education in other respects to too much -neglected. They are amiable by their qualities and their natural disposition, but there a-re very few among them who are so froan any acquired accomplishments. What they esteem to be virtue in wives is the virtue of the whole sex; and if in the United States malice may throw out her suspicion upon twenty, there, are certainly not above ten. of them who can be accused justly, and all the rest treat these with great rigor. "The young women here enjoy a liberty, which to French manners would appear disorderly; they go out alone, walk with young men, and depart witis them from the rest of the company in large assemblies; in short, they enjoy the same degree of liberty which married women dlo in France, and which married women here do not take. But they are far from abusing it; they endeavor to piease, they desire to obtain husbands, and they know that they shall not succeed if their conduact becomes suspected. Sometimes they are abused by time men, who deceive theni, hot then they add not to the misfortune of having engaged their hearts to a cruel man the regret of deserving it, -which might give them remorse. When they have obtained a husband, they love isim, because he is their husband, and because they have not an idea that they can do otherwise; they revere custom by a kind of state religion, which -never varies. "Tie Americans marry young, especially in the country: the occasion which the young men, who generally establish themselves very early either in some new lands or in some trade, have for a wife to assist them in their labors, conduces to these early mnarriages as much as the purity of manners. In the villages, marriages are less froquent and not so hasty, especially since the introduction of luxury renders an acquired fortune more necessary; and the young snen hardly feel the necessity of loving, with the project of marriage, till they have already satisfied, or are in the way of satisfying, the more imperious necessity of gaining money. But however good the marriages m-ay be, the wife who dies is readily replaced by another. In the country she is, as in Europe, a necessary friend to the management of domestic affairs - she is the soul of the family. In to-wn she is so too. She is an indispensable resource for domestic affairs, while leer husband is en-aged in his own affairs, as every one is in America; she Is an,assiduous, companion, and a society ever ready to be found in a country where there are -no other but that of the family, and where the children soo-n quit their paternal abode. "An European comning into ties new world, amsd bringing with him the need of the usage of the politer attentions of that whicm'he has quitted; hie, above all, who brings with him the need of what -we call in France the charms of society, wvhich we know so well how to appreciate, of which we, know how to participate, and which affords us so many moments of happiness, - such a man will not find himself satisfied in America, and his recollections will be continually sprinklin- his life with melanchioly. Ile cannot, if his heart has an occasion for a friend, hope to find there the sweetness of a constant and avowed friendship. The inhabitants of the United States have been hitherto too munch engaged in timeir respective occupations for the enticements of polished society, to be able to withdraw their attentioms from them; tlmey have not leisure to consecrate to friendehips. APPENDIX. Such an European ought to have for a long time forgotten Europe, in order to live quite happy in Aeri. But if he can readily lose the remembrance of it, or take with him there the dearest objects of hi affection e will lead in America a happy and tranquil life. He will there enjoy the blessing of liberty in the greatest extent which It is possible to desire in any polished country. He will see himself with an active people, easy in their circustances, andhappy. Everylay will bring him to observe a new progress of this new country. Hewillseiteverydaytak step towards that strength and greatness to which it is called; towards that real independence which is for a natio the result of having the means of satisfying itself." TALLERAND' descriptions of the American Woodcutter and Fisherman are often quoted in the original, as examples of the extraordinary mastery possessed by that celebrated wit d statesman over the resources of his native tongue. Lord Brougham remarks that "writers of a less severe school might envy their poetical effect, and learn from them, perhaps, how possible it is to be pointed ad epigrammatic without being affected, and sentimental without being mawkish;" and one of our own critics has characterized these celebrated portraits as, "in the language of amateurs, rich and sparkling - pure, brilliant, exquisite cabinet gems - but wholly works of fancy." They are from Talleyrand's Memoir concerning the Commercial Relations of the United States with Great Britain: "In many districts, the sea and woods have formed fishermen and woodcutters. Now such men, properly speak-;ave no country and their social morality is re(luced within a very small compass. It has long ago been said, that man is the disciple of that which surrounds hima and it is true. Helnce, he whose bounds are circumscribed by nothi but deserts, cannot receive lessons with regard to the social comforts of life. The idea of the need which men have one of another, does not exist in him; and it is mierely by decomposing the trade which he exercises, that one can find out the principles of his affections, and the sum of his morality. The American woodcutter does not interest himself in any thing; every sensible idea is remote from him. Thos brncessogreeably disposed by nature; the beauttifil foliage; the bright color which enlivens onepatofthewood; the dareer green hich gives a melancholy shad to another; these things are nothing to him; he pays them no aetion; tinumberofstrokes of his axe requtired to fell a tree fills all hIis thoghts. He never planted; heknowsnot the pleasure of it. A. tree of his own planting vwould be goo I for nothing in his estimation; folt would never, during his life, be large enough to fell. It is by destruction that he lives; he is a destroyer wherever h goes. Thus every place is equally good in Isis eyes; hle has no attaehmnent to tse spot on which he has spent his labor; for his labor is eoily fatigue, and is unconnected with any idea of pleasure. In the effects of his toil he has mit witnessed those gradu-Li al increases of Olrowtb, so captivating to the planter; hie regards not thse destination of his prodsactionis; he knowvs not ths charms of nosy attempts; and if, in quittimng tise abode of many years, liso does not by chance for-et his axe, lie leaves no regret behind limo. Tue vocation of an American fishersman begets ama apa: by, almost equal to that of the woodcutter. Hils affections, Isis interests, his life, are on the side of that society to which it is thou-lit that he belongs. But it would be a prej.1udlice to suppose that he is a very useful member of it. For we must not comipare these fishermen to those of V1sorope, and think that the fisheries here, are, like them, a nursery for seamen. In America, with the, exception of the inhabitants of Nantucket, who fish for whales, fishing is an idle eusployment. Two leagues from the coast, swbers they have -no dread of foul weather, a single mile when the weather is -uncertain, is the sum of the courage which they display; and the line is the only instrument with whose tase they are particularly acquainted. Thus their knowledge is but a trifling trick.; and their action, which consist in coust untly hanl-in one arm over the side of the boat, is little short of idleness. They are attached to no place; their only connection with the la-nd is by means of a wretched house which they inhabit. It is the sea that affords them nourishment; hence a foey codfish, more or less, determine their country. If the number of these seems to diminish in any particular quarter, they emigrate in search of another country, where they are more abundamot. When it wvas remarked by some political wvriters, that fishimig wvas a sort of agriculture, tiso remark was brilliant bet not solid. All the qsaalities, all the virtues, which are attached to agriculture, are wanting in the man who lives by fishlng. Agriculture produaces a patriot in the truest acceptation of the word; fishing alone can succeed in formin- a cosumopolite." The Chevalier FELax Dru, BxAUJOUR Was Consul General here, and may have suffered in some comnmercial transactions with Americans. He says: "Although honesty is not thse favorite virtue of the American merelsants, it is not, as is usually believed in Europe, entirely banished from among tisem; and wve still find, even amidst thse corruption of th eir maritime cities, some persons of great uprightness so(l rigid probity. In the country, and among the villagers embosomed in the woods, conHiderable candor and good faith is to be met avith, and, in general, good and upright characters are hardly less fr-equent in the Umaited States, than in other countries; but high spirited and lofty souls, generous and magnanimous hearts, in a ovord, great amid noble cimaracters are there infinitely rarer than hum other parts, and particularly than in the South of Euarope, where they shine amidst the uaniversal depravity that surrounds them, like stars in time obscaurity of night. If, However, the Amuericauss Isave nonse or hut foey oh thsose eminent qualities wvidhm ennoble humami nature and cause. it to be admired, tisey Isave othiers -whicis, although more modest, are not less estimable, and which still contribute more to tise sappiness of life; such as tise love of freedom, of industry, of order, and of oleanhlness. The American people sincerely love liberty, antI they deserve to enjoy it, by their regard and respect for the laws. The least arbitrary act, APPENDIX. 38~ i that country, old revolt the most dependent man; but he obeys the meanest bailiff who speaks in the name of thelwandhwoulddeliverupafriendabr o should seek to elude it. Very few Americans are seen begging. and every one who is capable of working for hi livelihood would be ashamed to live at the expense of another. The people of the Uitd Stats are naturally orderly: and when one enters into a house, even of the lower classes, the eye is areeabl pleased with the relarity and neatness that reigns throughout; but what most gratifies a foriner who arrives in the United States, is tat xternal cleanliness so remarkable every where, in the streets, in the houses, as well as in the dress. Every body is there decently clad; the men with cloth coats, the women with linen gowns, gnerally white all in a neat and clean anner, and nobody ever appears in public with those offensive rags which in other countries sock the eye. The houses, built of bricks or wood, are always freshly, and often agreeably painted; and thouh they are neither furnished nor decorated with luxury no requisite is wanting, and every thing is kept tidy and clean. On enterin the, it is impossible not to admire the polish of the furniture, and even the extreme cleanliness of the fos. The greatest part of the streets are ornamented with foot-ways for the convenience of passengers, and they are all carefully swept and watered in the hot season. In short, this taste for cleanliness, so ganeral in the Americans, is even emarkable in the places where they bury their dead. In no country are buryinggrounds so neat and ornamental to be met with; the rich raise over their friends tombs of white marble, the middle asses upright stones, and the poorest construct hillocks, which they cover with green turf. American cleanliness must certainly have in it something attractive, since it engages every traveller; not one on returning to his own country fals to wish e could there find that air of ease and cleanliness which had been so agreeable to his eye during his residence in the United States. "This systematic taste for cleaniess, in that country, as well as every where else, is accompanied by the most happy effects; it is serviceable to health, diminishes the cause of sickness, favors the love of order and economy, and diffuses among every class of the community, a sentiment of dignity which becomes blended with all the ideas of propriety and decency. It eve appears, that it fvors, as much as food and climate, the display of the human form. And thus, indeed, have Americans nearly all a high stature, a good shape, a strong and well proportioned frame, a fesh and ruddy complexion; but, in general, they have little delicacy in their features, and little expression in their physiognomy. Though few ugly me are to be found among them, still fewer really handsome ones are to be seen, I mean of that towerin and manly beauty sometimes remarked in the South of Europe, and which served as a model to the finest statues of the ancients. They are, for te greatest part, of those tall forms, ruddy and soft, such as Tacitus describes the Germans, who frequently concealed under them no other than an obtuse mind and soul devoid of enery. It is, perhaps, to this vice i their physical constitution, more than to their geographical position, that the eternal irresolution of their government is owing; but it is to be presumed, that their temperament will improve with their climate, and that the Americans will some day or other acquire more vivacity of mind and more vigor in their character. The women have more of that delicate beauty which belongs to their sex, and, in general, have finer features, and more expession in the physionomy. Their stature is usually tall, and nearly all are possessed of a light and airy shape; the breast high, a fine head, and their color of a dazzling whiteness. Let us imagine, under this brilliant form, the most modest demeanor, a chaste and virginal air, accompanied by those simple and unaffected graces which flow from artless nature, and we -may have an idea of their style of beauty; but this beauty passes, and fades in a moment. At the age of twenty-five their form changes, and at thirty, the whole of their charms have disappeared. As iong as they are unmarried they enjoy the greatest liberty, but as coon as they have entered the conjugal state they bury themselves in the bosom of their families, and appear no longer to live, hut for their husbands. If, however, they thus contribute less to the pleasures of society, they nmevertheless increase those of wedlock, which makes -the American wives both thrifty cud faithful, divested of the vices of their husbands, and possessing all their virtues. "1With this species of existence are the people of the United States destined to he more happy than those of Europe? This is not easy to decide, because this question, which is very simple under one, head, beconies complicated under an infinite number of others. In the first place, the Americans in domestic life have more means of happiness; hut in social life, have less; and if they almost live without pain, they also nearly live without pleasure. They do not know the art of multiplying or varying their enjoyments, and the monotony of their existence resembles the silence of the tomibs. "In Europe the equality that reigns between the inhabitants of the United States has been greatly blazoned forth; but this eqnality is less real than apparent, because the manners have there established in society distinctions more pointed than any where else; distinctions rendered the more odious from being founded on riches, without any regard to talents or even to public functions. There, the rich blockhead is more considered than the first magistrate, and the influence of gold is there counterbalanced by no illusion or reality. In that country there exists no other than an extreme liberty or extreme dependence; every one is there either master or servant, and scarcely any of those intermediate classes are to be found, which, by their services, bind all the members of a great community to each other," M. VOLNEY abstaiuas from any general commentary on American manners, bnt has some sharp observations on our dietetics, which he thinks demand the interference of the government: "It is an important duty of the government to enlighten their people as to the consequences of that pernicious diet, -which they have borrowed from their ancestors, the Germans and English. We may venture to affirm, that if a preminm were offered for a regimen most destructive to the teeth, the stomach, and the health in general,- none could be devised more efficacious for these ends than that in use among this people. At breakfast they deluge the stomach with a pint of hot water, slightly impregnated with tea, or slightly tinctured, or rather colored, with coffee; and they swallow, almost without mastication, hot bread, half baked, soaked in melted butter, with the grossest cheese, and salt or humng beef, pickled pork or fish, all which can with difficulty be dissolved. At dinner they devour boiled pastes, called, absurdly, puddings, garnished with the most luscious sauces. Their turnips and other vegetables are floated in lard or butter. Their pastry is nothing hut a greasy paste, imperfectly baked. To digest these various substances, they take tea, immediately after dinumer, so strong that it is bitter to the taste, as wvell as utterly destructive of the 384 APPENDIX. nervous system. Supper presently follows, with salt meat and shell fish in its train. Thus passes the whole day, in heaping one indigestive mass upon another. To brace the exhausted stomach, wine, rum, gin, malt spirits, or beer, are used with dreadful prodigality. "These modes of diet are not unsuitable to the Tartarian tribes, from whom the people of the wvest of Europe were originally descended, yet they employ none of these pernicious stimulants. Their wandering and equestrian life makes them capable of digesting any thing; but when nations change their climate, or sink into the wealth, refinement, and ease of a stationary people, the whole mass undergoes material alterations. The ploughmen of Germany or England mIay copy their hardy ancestors without much inconvenience; but not so those that dwell in cities, and pass their time in a slothful or sedentary manner, and still less those who change the chills and damps of their native climate for a torrid region like Georgia or the Carolinas. Habit itself, though almost omnipotent, cannot reconcile this system to so repugnant a climate. Hence it is, that the English are the least able to contend with the evils of tropical climates, of any people of Europe, and their American descendants must abjure the example, or they will incur the same inconveniences. Regimen has so much influence on health, and is of such moment in the yellow fever, that this malady never appeared within the precincts of the Philadelphia prison, a circumstance no doubt owing to the rigid temperance observed in this institution, by which the stomach is never overloaded, nor the fluids depraved, and to the exclusion of spirituous liquors, for drunkenness is a vice as prevalent in the United States as among the savages themselves. "I am far from imagining that the manners of a nation, in these respects, can be easily or speedily changed. 1I know too well the infatuation of mankind, and the obstinacy of general and long-established habits; but I cannot help thinking, that if half the pains were taken by governments to enlighten their subjects as are taken to mislead them, a reformation might be wrought, such as the contemners of mankind have no conception of at present." INDEX.o A. life there, 271. Her favorable opinion of the beaty of American women, 257. Her opinion of Miss Martha Aberarombie, Rev. Dr., an eminent clergyman in Phila- Jefferson, 218, note; and of Josiah Qncy, 44. Exdephia, in 1791, 266. tracts firom her letters to Mrs. Shaw and Thos Brand Acadey of Scieces, French, the Marquis de Chastellux a Hollis, 168, 169. Glowing description of her place member of, in 17, 9. Condorcet delivers an oration of residence at New York, 168,169. r removal to on Franklin, before, 223. Philadelphia, 249. Her household care there, 250. Adams, Carles, on of John, attends his mother, at Mrs. Her account of the old Philadelphia theatre, 15. ViWashington it levee in Philadelphia, 270. Marries ited by Mrs. Bingham, 250. Notice of, 69, 170. Sally, sister of Colonei William S. Smith, 80. Adaems, Jiiss, only daughter of Jo, at Paris in Octo Adams, oh, at Paris, in 1784, 256. At London, in 1785, ber, 1784, 256. Her account of theanners and dress 78. Delegate (88) to Congress, 96. Vice President, of Mrs. Bingham of Philadelphia, 257. See Sit, 1789, 122. His reception at Boston, Hartford, New Mrs. Col. W. S. Haven, nd New York, 128. Takes part in the cere- Adcams, John Quincy, son of John, secretary to Mr. Dana, mones o Washington's inauguration, 140. With Wash- the American Minister at St. Petersburg, 78. Notice ington at Boston, 189. Dines with Washiigton, 164, of his visit to the family of Colonel Smith, 80; and of 191. At a ball with him, at New York, 154; and at other visits, 80, 81, 82. His remark on the beauty of Boston, 192. His tributes to Washington, 185, 863. American women, in 1785, 257. Verses by, written in Present at the commencement of Columbia College, in the scrap-book of a grand-daughter of his sister, 1, 1789, 158. Dines with the French Charg6, 1790, 217. sote. Notice of, 78, 79. Dines with Aaron Burr, 889. Describes a dinner- Adams, Samnuel, and Mrs. Adams at the brilliant assembly party at Gouverneur Morris's, 839. His interest in tise at Boston, in 1789, 192. case of George W. Lafayette, 884. Ills notice of M. Adet, Pierre Anguste, minister from France to the Uisited Fanchet and M. Adet, 828, 329. His account of Erick States, atrrives at Philadelplilain 1795,3829. Supersedes Bellman, 886. His defence of the American Constitu- M. Fauchet, 304, 328, 329. Oliver Wolcott's account tion, lightly spok-en of hy- Mr. Giles, 840, snote. - Ex- of, 829. Notice of him and Madame A., 629. tract from a letter of his to his daughter, on the Mora- Affiick, Captalis, visits Miss Franks, 24, 25. visis School at Bethlehenm, Penn., 8, seote. His dangle- Aguessease, M. de, grandfather of the Marquis do Chastolter marries Col. William S. Smith, 91. -- Falsely lox, 160. charged with having predilections for kingly and aria- Alit/ris, Robert, printer at Philadelphia, visited by Dr. Beltocratic institutions, 221. Favoi-s official titles, 154. knap, the historian, 115, 117. His character vilidied in Freneao's National Gazette, Alcin laChapelle, mention of the peace of, 204. 288. Htls graphic account of Ames's speech on Jay's Albany, New York, visited by Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Maditreaty, 807. - His place of residence at New York, son, 284. Stage-coaches from, to New York city, twice 166, note. His account of Dr. Perkins and his tractors, a week, 117, note. 847. Is a guest at Washington's farewell dinner, 862. Albany Pier. See New York city. BIls inauguration as President, 863. Washington makes Alewands-ia, Virginia, Washington tarries there on his way him a visit, immediately after his iiiauguration, 864. to New York, 125. The Mayor of, his address to WashNotice of, by his daoghter, 96. ington, 125, 126. Mr. Jefferson there, on his way to A4dams. Ms-s. Johsn, at Braintree, Paris, Loiedon, and'New New York, 219. Washington's birth-day (1790) celelYork, 170. Her only daughter, 170. Her son, John brated there, and at most of the large towns in the Qoincy Adams, 171. Anecdote of her and Judge Pe- United States, 217. ters at London, 265. Attended by her son Charles, at Alfesri, the Italian poet, addresses to Washington his tinMrs. Washington's first levee in Philadelphia, 270. At gedy of The First Brutus, 874. St. Paul's, New York, Jnly 4, 1789, 178. Her account Allen family, of Philadelphia, prominent there, 12, 18, 28, of the gayety at Philadelphia, in 1791, and of socialih 25, 256, 270, 802. 49 386 INDE X. Allen, Andrew, of Philadelphia, his daughter marries Mr. Alcst, Georgia, reeption of Washington at, 282. George Harmmond, the British minister, 302, 324. A oa, The, Baches democratic journal, 301. Its low -, Misses, of Philadelphia, three beautiful sisters, 270. abuse of the Presidet, 01, 5 60., Ir. and Mrs., of New York, in the first circle of Atn, Talleyrand bishop of. See Talleyad society, 98, note., the Boston poet, 849. Alliance between France and the United States, 217. Alsop, John, of New York, a retired merchant, in the so- Bache Benjamin Franklin, editor of the violent democratic cial circle of Mrs. Jay, 98, note. Member of the Con- journal, The Aurora, 301, 3, 30. tinental Congress, 30, note, 99. His daughter Mary Miss, grand-daughter of Dr. Franklin, marries Harmarries (1786) Rufus King, 30, szote, 99; letter of John wood, the player, 31. Adams on the occasion, 100. His family residence, 30, Bailey, Dr., a popular physician in Nw York,. ote., General, his residence in New York, 0, ote., Richard, one of the "Connecticut wits," 206. Baiurg, 20. America. See Unitecd States. Baird, Patrick, subscriber to the dancing assemy in Americas Philosophical Society, appoint Dr. Smith to Philadelphia, in 148, 1. pronounce a discourse on the character of Dr. Frank- Baldwi, Abraham, delegate from Georgia to the Convenlin, 222. tion, 4. His place of residence in New York, 167, Ames, Fisher, a member of the House of Representatives, ote. Character of, 4. in the first Congress under the new Constitution, 119. Balloon scesio. See Blachar. Member of the joint committee of arrangements, at Balls. At Annapolisi in the State House, (Dec. 183), Washington's inauguration, 139. Writes a humorous opened by Washington ad Mrs. Macubbi, 4, ote. letter to Jeremiah Smith, 306. A friend and guest of At New York, (May, 89), in the Assembly om, Oliver Wolcott, 343. Account of his great speech on 154-156. Two sets of cotillions (at te Count d Jay's treaty, 306, 307. John Adams's graphic account Moustiers), in military costume, 158. At Salem, 194; of it, 307. His place of residence in Great Dock street, at Portsmouth, 19; Wilmington, N. C. 25; CharlesNew York, 166, note. ton, 2; Augusta, 22; Colmbia, 282; Philadelphia Aaesbsery, Massachusetts, Washington's reception at, 195. (on Washinton's retirement from public life), 359. Anderson, Mr., his house in Pearl street, New York, in Baltiore, Maryland, receptions of Washington a, 12,161. 1789, 166, note. Celebration at, of the ratification of the Consitution, Ansdre, Major, sentimental verses and romances on, extrava- 105. Mr. Jefferson rests a ay at, 219. gant, 19. Author of an interesting account of the most B k, ational, the financial chemes of Hamilton result celebrated fete ever given in Philadelphia, 19. in the establishment of, 23. 1sid-rews, Rev. Dr., one of the most eminent clergymen in of New York, notice of, 33. note. Its first president, Philadelphia, in 1791, 266. 3, note. Ansldseani, Count, visits the United States, 322. Barbary States, mission to, offered by Jefferson to Colonel Anynaie, the beautiful Madame, sister of M. Genet, 295, note. Trumbull, 340. Annapolis, Maryland, Washington's receptions at, 4, 2T4. Barclay, Mr., in the Invitation-list of Mrs. Jay, at New Ball at the State House, 4. Extract from Washington's York, 98, soet. reply to a speech of the Mayor of, 4. Bard, Mrs. Peter, one of the "belles and dames"1 of the Antoinsette, Mfarie, mention of a plaintive alr composed on Philadelphia City Assemblies, in 1151, 13. the execution of, 337., Dr. Samuel, a popular physician at New York, in Apthor-p, Miss, marries Dr. Hugh Williamson of North 1189,1711. A member of the New York "Social Club," Carolirna, 102, 103. 148, note. Washington's attending physician in a case Ardent Spirits, tax on, 213. of anthrax, 118. His account of Washington's compoAs-rms, Coat, of, of Joseph Willing, 14, note,( sure at the thought of death, 119. smsnstsong, General, in the social circle of Mrs. Jay, at Barire, the French revolutionist, 296. New York, 98, seote. His account of some leading Baringy, Alexander. See Ashbbsertons..characters in society, 101. His remarks on marriage, ~, Henry, marries tho widow of Comte do Tilly (Ma101. His description of the Count do Monstier and his ria Bingham), 362, crete. sister, 93. Extract from his letter to General Gates, on Bar-lowc, Joel, author of the "1Vision of Columbus," a classthe election of Washington to the Presidency, 122, note, mate of Oliver Wolcott, 205, 206. His "F ision " quotArsn-y, British. See Biritish Armny. ed, 348. --- evolutionary, of America, disbanded (Nov. 2,1183), Barney, Captain, presents a miniature ship to Washing1. Officers of, Washington's farewell to, 2. Soldiers ton, 105. of, Washington's farewell to, 1. Bert, Jeane, the French packet from which M. Fauchet's Arn old, Mrs., mention of a letter from, to Miss Franks, 26. famous letters were thrown overboarid, 302. Ashtbsrtose, Lord, great grandson of Thomas Willing, of Bartranr, Win., the botanist, at Philadelphia in 1191, 265. Philadelphia. 14, note,* Marries Anne, eldest daugh- Bassett, Richard, of Delaware, a member of the Senate of ter of W~illiam Bingham of Philadelphia, 324, 362, note, the United States, his residence at New York in 1189, Asheton family, of Philadelphia, among the first, 19. 166, note. Ashley Ferry, Charleston, South Carolina, Washington. Both, England, the Abbey Church at, contains a nuouuthereon his way to Savannah, 280. mont to Win. Bingham, 362, note, Assemnbly Room at New York, On the East side of Broad- Battery. See New York City. -e yteerypoica wvay, above Wall street, 155. See Balls. Battle Abbey Boll, a sort of, formen yteerypoica Atheissn. See Fresrch Bevolsrtion. aristocracy of Philadelplsia, 11. Atlee, Judge, tak-es part in time celebration, at Philadelphia., Baumnsn, Colonel Sebastian, a Revolutionary officer, his of the ratification. of the Con.stitultionl, 106. artillery, 133, crete, 1TT. Hils fireworks, 111, 145. His Attorsreys in New York City, list of, in 1789, 115. review and sham-fight for Washington's entertainneent, Assemablies, City Dancing, in Phsiladelphia, in 1748; sub- 211. Hils family residence at New York, 300, crete. scribers to, 13, note. Belles and Dames attending, in Bayar-d, Mr., of New York, iris city residence in 1183, 31, I1151, 13, smote. nrote. llsh coruntry residence, 81. 1Had been a Tory, 81. IN D E X. 387 His family, in te social circle of Mrs. Jay, 98, ote. Wood, 818, note. Is at Mrs. Washington's first levee His family, visited by John Quincy Adams, 81. in Philadelphia, 270. Her difference with Wignell, Byar, The Misses, pay their respects (May, 89), to Mrs. manager of the theatre, 818, and note. Her dress, 257. Washington, 164. Present at the Inauguration Ball at Her family connection, 261. Washington presents to New York, (May 7 ~,'89), 156. her one of the portraits of himself by Madame de BreMajor one of the Committee who waited on Mrs. han, 353. Her illness and death, 862, note. BiographiWashington at Philadelphia, in 15, 163, note. cal notice of, 253-257. Bayarc's Farm, New York, li~. Binlg7an, Anne, daughter of Win., marries Alexander BarBeach, ev. Mr., of New York, one of the fourteen clergy- ing, 334, 862, note. men there in 1789, 18-8, note. Maria, daughter of Win., marries three times, 862. Beaujolais, Count de, brother of Louis Philippe, joins him cote. The names of her husbands, 362, qote. ~~~~~~~~~~2in America, 30. is travels in this country, 31 Bie, Horace, of Philadelphia, brother of Mrs. Susan Bejor, Chevalier Felix de, his description of Piladel- Wallace, 310. Author of the inscription on the monunphia, 11. His views of American society, 382, 383. ment to Thomas Willing, 16, note *. Berucet, hiM. devisit~Is America with Tallyrnd, 24. is, Mrs. Mary, mother of Mrs. Susan Wallace of Philaintroduced to Mr. and Mrs. Breck, y Mrs. Church, delphia, 809. Often visits Mrs. Washington, 810. 324. Attempts to take the life of Talleyrand, 326, 327, —, Dr., his place of residence in Philadelphia, 335. ~~~~~~328. Black San. See Fs'tazce.s, Samuel. Beckley, Jon, Clerk of the House of Representatives, his Blackbu;rn, the artist, his portraits commended, 351. place of residence in New York, in 89, 16, ote. Blaclceell, Rev. Dr. Robert, of Philadelphia, 261. One of Bec it, Major, in the social circle of Mrs. Jay, at New the clergy there, in 1791, 266. His wife, sister-in-law ~York, 98, creno~~te. ~of Mrs. Bingham, 261. Beford, New York, John Jay's estate at, 31, note. Bladensbu'rg, Maryland, mentioned, 346, 347, note. Beina family, one of the most conspicuous in New Blagrove, Rev. Benjamin, of Virginia, his public concert York, in 19, 23. The family residence, 30, note. at Trinity Church, New York, 226. Mrs. Bekman, at the Inauuration Ball, 156. She Blair, John, is appointed, by Washington, as one of the pays her respects to Mrs. Washington, i 1789, 164. Judges of the Supreme Court of the UI. S., 181. AcBelk, ev. Dr. Jeremy, author of the History of New companies Washington to Newport, 227. Hampshire, 115. Account of his travelling adven- -, Miss, marries Nicholas Brevoort, 104. tures, 115-117. Extracts from his letters to his wife, Blaisel, Marquis de, marries the widow of Comte de Tilly 115-11. Pays his respects to Washington, at Boston, (Maria Bingham,) 362. ~~~~~~~1930~~. -, Marquise de, a member of the Willing family of Belont, the contry seat of Judge Peters, near Philadel- Philadelphia, 14, and cote t. phia, 265. The intimate friendship between Washing- Blanchard, M., aeronaut, makes (1793) the first balloon ton and the Judge, led to their frequently meeting ascension in the U. S., in presence of Washington, 321. there, 265. French verses on tie occasion, 321. Bend, Grorve, his fashionahle haberdashery at New York, Blaned, Tiseodoric, of Virgirria, momher of Congress, 166, 30, crete. note. Hils place of residence irs New York., in 1789, Becrezet family, among the elder provincial aristocracy of 166, note. Unrcle of Joirn Randolplr, 238. Philadelphia, 11. Bleecker, Mrs., of Tomrnannik, a, poetess, 349. Bennrngtont, Vt., visited by Jefferson and Madison, 284. Blount, Mr., in the Invitation-list of Mrs Jay, 98, note. Becrsec, Eghert, of New York, one of the attorneys of the Boisment, M. Brierre de, his account of Talleyrand's danger Supreme Court in 1789, 175. Member of the New of losing isis life, 326. York "1Social Club," 148, crete. One of the Joint Coin- Bellman, Dr. Erick, account of, by John Adams, 333; and mittee of Arrangements, at the Inauguration of Wash- by Hamilton, 3833. ington, 139. In the social circle of Ms's. Jay, 98, note. Bond family, at Philadelphia, one of tire isrost prominent, His place of residence in 1789, 166, crete. 12, 13,ncrte. Represented now in fenrale lines, 13, crete. Bethlehees, Pennsylvania, hioravian school for young la- -~, Phineas, of Philadelphia, in tire list of subscribers dies at, 7. John Adams' account of the school, 8, crete. to the City Assembly balls, in 1748, 1e3, crete. Mrs. Biddle family, of Philadelphia, one of distinction, 12. Bond, attended the assemblies, in 17,57. His house - ~, Charles, unites with the democrats in their address assailed by a mob, at the time of Jay's trersty, 338. to Genet, 294.,Mrs. Thomas, of Philadelphia.,,attended the assemBiddrrlplrh iMr., pays his respects to iliss Franks, 25. hlies in 1757, 13,,crete. Binghocrs, William, the elder, subscribes for the Philadel- Bonnet s-ourge, need at a democratic dinner at Philadelphia, phria dancing assemblies, in 1748, 13, crete. in honor of Genet, 294. -,William, the younger'. His sumptuous dinners Boston, hlassachusetts, rapid increase of the population of, and delightful parties, 271, 272. Urrited States Senator, 7. Boston, Albany, and Philadelphia General Stage 25.3. Dices (1789) at Dr. Shippen's, 153. Takes part Office, kept by Samuel Fraunicess, in Coru'tlarrrt street in tire reception (1789) of Mrs. Washington at Phila- New York, 117, note. Mails from New York tro, three delphia, 161. One of the pall-bearers at tire funeral of times a week in summer, and twvice a week in winte-r; Dr. Franklire, 221. His celebrated family mansion at itb. John Adams escorted to, in 1789, 123. Order of Philadelphia, 259. His mansion assailed by a mob, processsion at Washington's reception thmers, 188. Ad308. Gives the Viscount do Noaillies tire free use of dress of the Governor and Council to him, and his reply, rooms, 323. Louis Pirilippe intimate with him, 330;.191. His birthday celebrated (1793) at, 217.-Social and proposes marriage to one of his daughters, 330. refinement of, 7-10, 259. The Marquis deChastellux's Sends a portrait of Washington to Lord Lansdowne, remarks on social life there, 8. Tils remarks on the awk355, 356. Is a guest at Washington's farewell dinner, ward (lancers timere, 8. Women of, compared by him 362. His death and uronument, 362, note. withi those of Philadelphia, S. State of female educa-,Mr's. Anne, wife of Win., the centre of fashionable tion there, in 1787, 2,59. hies Temple, loan a reigning society at Philadelphia, 203. H4er beauty and charac- belle of, 10. Brissot's remarks on the state of society tsr described, by Mr's. John Adams, 250, 258; by John there, 10. The people rof, too philosophical in their Q. Adanrs, 80; by Miss Adams, 258; and by Mr. religion, 10. Costume of the people of, 276. The salsh 388 ~IN D EX. worn by the ladies of, at the time of Washington's remark on, 84. His ideas of fashionable life in Phil. ~~~~visit there, 192,~ ~adelphia, 85. Describes Cyrus Griffn and his family Bosto Mercury, a jornal, announces Mrs. Morton's poem 90. His account of domestic life at Mount Vernon, of "Beacon Hill," 350. 161. His remarks on the character and dress of the odiot, Elias, of New Jersey, the family ancestors of, ladies at Philadelphia, and of the Quakeresses in paraong the principal families of Philadelphia, 12. Bro- ticular, 268. Describes the social characteristics of thr of Mrs. Stockton, 349. Member of CongreSS, 119, New York, 86-to 88; dress, equipages, luxury, bacho166,ete. Hispace of residence (1789) at New York, lors, tea, fruit, S7; fish, hairdressers, and clothes-wash160,rete. is glowing description of Washington's ing, 88; cheating, and expense of living, 88; fees of passage from Elizabethtown, 130-134. His only lawyers and physicians, 89. Dines at Mr. Jay's, 90 daughter, 38, and ote. His description of the Count list of guests on the occasion, 91. i favorable opinion d Moustier's ball (May, 1789), 158. of Jay, Madison, and others, 89. Dines at Alexander Bondry line betwveen Pennsylvania and Virginia, 304. Hamilton's, and describes Mrs.., 89. Hs amusing Bou e, Sylvans, conveys to John Adams information of description of cigar-smoking, 87. Notice of, 84, 85. his e chosen Vice President, 122. Britis7c Arwy, evacuation of New York by, 2. Bowdi James, Governor of Massachusetts, his family, Officers, many of them marry American women, ancient and disinguished, 8. The Marquis de Chastel- 4, crote. lx takes tea with the family, 8, 9; and greatly ad- Brittae,, Thomas, his portrait by Woolaston, in th British mires the beautiful granddaughter of, 9. Miss Temple, Museum, 159, note. brought up in the family of, 10, note. Is with Wash- Bronson, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 98, te. to at the State House in Boston, 189. Washington Brooks, Gen., his salute to Washington at Cambridge, 18. dines at the house of, 192. Brooklysn Ferry. See Yew York City. Boe, Mr., his exhibition of wax-work visited by Wash- Brot7lerson, Mrs., in the list of "belles and dames at Philington and his family, 211. adelphia, in 1757, 13. Boli Gree, New York City, display of fireworks at, Brocughame, Lord, his account of Charles Carroll and his on occasion of the evacuation of the city by the British family, 208, note. His remarks on Tallyrand as a ~~~~~~~~~~troops, 2. ~writer, 882. Boye, Daniel, in te list of subscribers for the Philadelphia Broewn, Charles Brockden, notice of, 266. is string picity dancing assembly, in 1748, 13, crote. ture of the yellow fever at Philadelphia, i 179, 14, Boylto, Nicholas, a full length portrait of, in the Phi- note. losophy Room, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 193, note. l, John, a member of Congress, his place of residence Bradfo family, of Philadelphia, the standing of, 12. at New York in 1789, 166, note. William, Attorney General of the U. S. (1795), 300. Browen's CoUee House, Savannah, Washinton ines there Unites ith Tiothy Pickering and Oliver Wolcott, in with the city authorities, 281. a letter to Washinton, 3303. His intimacy with Wash- Broctne, Miss, in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 98, te. ington's family, 035. Uncle of Johin Bradford Wallace. Brerce, Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 98, sote. 310, note. His poem, the "Lament of Washsington," Bsyanc, Ms., of Georgia, the companion of Johrn Randolph, 335, 336. HIls place of residence icc Philadelplmia, 305. 267. Notices of, by Horace Binney Wallace, 298, no0te; by Bsrchaee, Earl of, inthoduces Robertsoms, the artist, to WashDaniel Webster, 310, crete; and by Richard Rush, 338. ington, 354; and sends to Washington a box received Mrs. Win., only child of Elies Boudinot, 338, 339. from the Goldsmiths' Company, 354. Tire guest of Mrs. Susan Wallace, 338. An intimate Biechbacner family, of Now York, one of the Whig fismilies friend of Mrs. Washington, 337. Accounts of lher, by of the city, 31,veotetRichard Rush and Mrs. Wallace, 330, and crete. Bsrckmsicrtes-, Rev. Dr. Joseph, of Boston, Washington atBreicstsee, Massachusetts, the piace of residence of John tends public worship at the churcir of, 193. The father Adams, 123, 170. of Mrs. Lee, who wvas iris biographer, 196. Brancd-if1ollis, Thomas, extract from a letter of Ms's. John Bunsker's Ihotel, New York, formerly owned by Mr. McAdams to, 169. Comb, and occupied by Washington, 168. Brantf, or Thayendansegea, chief of the six nations of In- Burrc, James, in tire list of subscribers to the Philadelphia diane, a troublesome leader, 223, 224. dancing assembly, 1748, 10, crete. Mrs. B., in time list Brraye, Chevalier de, unites with the Cincinnati Society of of Philadelphia "belles and dames," 1757, 13, crete. Boston, in an address to Washington, 190. Beergoyne, General, principal scenes of the misfortunes Breck, Mr. and Mrs., letter to, from Mrs. Church, 324. of, 284. Breckenrsidge, Hugh H., notice of, 267. Extraordinary Bteske, Edanus, of South Carolina, member of Congress, aurrouncement of his marriage, 267, crete. his place of residence at New York,. 167, crete. Breheer, Marchioness de, sister of the Count dle Moustier, Burtre, Aaron, in Mrs. Jay's " Invitation List," 90, crete. One 92, 93. In the "1Invitation List " of Mrs. Jery, 99, crete. of the attorneys of the Supreme Court in tire city of At the Imrauguration Ball, May'89, 156. Her taste dir- New York, in 1789, 175. Marries Mrs. Provost, the played at tire illumination on the occasion, 145. Pays widow of a British officer, 174. Ills warm,attacirment her respects to Mrs. Washington, 164. H-er portraits to her, and hers to 1im, 174, 175. 1-ie profligacy, 174. of Washington, 93, 353. Mr. Jefferson's complimentary His friend Davis gives an account of Ihis intrigues, 174, letter to, 93. Complimentary description of her by crote. Ills personal appearance, 175. Lives in style in General Armstrong, 93. Philadelphia, where he gives entertalunrents to poliBrevoeert, Nicholas, marries Miss Blair, 104. ticians, 339. Brissot (M.) do, Wisrvrille, account of his journey between Beech lull, the residence of John Adams near PimiladolNew York and Philadelplria, 117. His adventures pins, 10.6, 249. from Boston to New York. 117, 118. Hils favorable Beutler family, standinag of the, at Plmiladelphia, 166, emote. opirrion of American inns, 118; and American packet- ~, Pierce, of Soutir Carolina, United States Senator, boats, 118, crete. HIls anecdote of Count de Moustier his lplace of residesrce at New York, 166, crete. Ilie and and President Griffin, 83, crete. His publications, 84, his wife and daujrters in the "1Invitation List " of Mrs. crete. His controvrrsies uwith dle Moustier and Chastel- Jay, 98, crete. Withe Washingtomr, at Cirarleston and lox. 85. Lafayette's opinion of, 85, note. Washimrgton's Savams cah, 279, 280. INDEX. 389 Byrd, Colonel William, of Wetover, Virginia, son-in-law miration of the granddaughter of Mr. Bowdoin, 9. of Charles Willing, of Philadelphia, 15. His place of His account of social life in Boston, 9. His admiration ~~residence,, 256, 260. ~of the. women of Philadelphia, 253. His remark on Byron, Lord, his tribute to Washinton, 249. Lady Temple, 94. Hils marriage, 9, note. Washington's playful letter to him on the occasion, 9, note. Ilis Co~~~~~. ~account of American inns, 118. His remarks on frequent eating in America, and on card-playing, 10. His Cabinet, formation of Washinton's, a matter of the deepest criticisms of American manners, 378. Hils writings, 9, personal interest to him, 180. note. Biographical notice of, 9, note. Cadwallader, Lambert, of New Jersey member of Con- Chateasbriasnd, M., nephew of Malesherbes, visits (1790) ress, his residence at New York, 166, ote In the the U. S., 322. His tour in this country suggests his "Invitation List of Mrs. Jay, 98, ote. greatest works, 322. Cermarthe, Marquis of, (afterward Duke of Leed), mar- Chathan, Earl of, a portrait of him in the Philosophy riR the widow of Colonel Hervey, 209, ote.* oom at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 193, sote. airie, Miss Isabella, in the list of belles and dames," at C7/amcsosnt, M., in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 99, sote. Philadelphia, in 15, 13, note. Chesteiyield, Lord, Mrs. Warren's criticism of, 200, note. Cmbridge, Massachusetts, Washington's reception at, 186, Chew, Benjamin, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, high 193. Description of the Philosophy Room at, 193, oe.,standing of the family of, 12, 256, 272. Washington England, young men of Americ scholars at, at the the attached friend of, 256, 264. Rochefoucauld, an beginning of the Revolution,. intimate firiend of, 329. His baronial house at Germanamden, South Carolina, Washington's visit to, 282. town, 339. Hils residence in Philadelphia, 15. His apa, Madame, one of the sisters of Genet, 25, ote. daughter Peggy marries John Eager Hloward, 839, 8376; ~le~pe FP~eas River, 213~. Sophia marries Henry Philips, 339; and Harriet marapfgSe, M., his remarks on honest politicians, 6, 368. ries Charles Carroll, 355, note. Notice of, 264. ards, the fashionable eveni amusement i New Eng-, Mrs., one of the 61ite of Philadelphia, 23. ~land, in 117~817~, 46. The Misses, at Mrs. Washington's first levee at Carey, Mattew, honorably conspicuous (19) in Piladel- Philadelphia, 270. phia durin the prevalence of te yellow fever, 314, ote. -, Sophia, portrait of, by Trumbull, 654. Marries ricate, of Washington, 123, ote; and of Robert Henry Philips, 339. ~~~~~~~~~Morris~, 234. Harriet, portrait of, by Trumbull, 354. Accom-, Mrs., aunt of Martha Jefferson, 219. panies Washington several times while he sits for his Carriages and coaches, Washington's, 24, ote, 309, 10. portrait by Stuart, 355, note. Marries Charles Carroll, arigtn, Col., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation List," 99, note. 355, neote. Caoll, Charles, of Maryland, Senator of the United Childs & Swoaine, painters of the Daily Advertiser, at New gStates, 119. Member of the Committee of Arrane- York, 234. ments for Washington's Insaub uration, 139. hIs family, Christ Chuc, oh Phaladelphia, 231. The bells of, chinmed at 239. His place of residence isa News York, 166, note. the receoption of Genet, 293. Washington regularly Biograpisical notice of, 238. worshipped at, 310. ~,Mrs. Charles, jon., daug ister of Benjamin Chew of Church, Ms. dsues wath General Knox, 91. Philadelphia, 339. Sister of Mrs. Philips, 339. A great ~, Mrs. daughster of G-eneral Schuyler, and sister of favorite with Washington, 339. Now (October, 1854,) hMre. hamilton, 324. Gives Talleyraud and Beaurnet a living, 339. letter to his arid Mrs. Breck, 324. ~ Daniel, of Maryland, his place of residence in New Chserch of Essglandl, the proprietory descendants of WilYork, 133, note. liam Penn aeturn to the, 12. Polly, marries (November, 1186,) Richard Caton, (i'acs-c street, Charleston, Washington's plaev of residence 104, 2.09. Washington's adniiration of, 210. in, 219, note. Carrollt~os, Maryland, the family residence of Charles Car- Cigar, the, described by hi. Brissot, 81. Its moral and social roll, 208, siote. effects, 81. C'atons, Richard, marries (November, 1186,) Polly Carroll, fiilley, General, his reception of Washington at Ports134, 239. Three of his daughters married to British moutb, 196. noblemen, 209. C'iesetiere, M. Du, a Genevan artist, arrives (1160) at PhilCeracchi, Giuseppe, sculptor, visits America, 3054. Ills adelphia., 352. Washington's opinion of, 352. Takes host of Washington, 354. His design for a monument portraits of Gatos, Stenben, and others, 352. of the American Revoletion, 354. Attempts to assaissi- Cincinnati Society, honor Washington, I1T, 118, 191, 2287 sate Napoleon, and is put to death, 354. 211, 280. Wear mourning for Franklin, 222. Wash. Chiascellor family, of Philadelphia, ite antiquity, 12. ington dines with, at Charleston, 281. Char-les Ricer, 193. Circuss. See Ricketts. Chiarlestons, South Carolina, Washington visits, 211, 283 Citess, marriages announced in the democratic papers of Corporation ball (1191) at, 218. Celebration of his Genet's day ais partuernships between a citizen and a, hirth-day, 211. Reception of Genet at, 292. State of 294. society in, 216, 211. City Hall of, 279. Merchants' Citisen, the title introduced hy Jacobins from France, 294. Exchange, 280. St. Cecilia Society, 219. City Iroll of New York, 29, 119. Renovated and called Chba-lestoacc Heights, Massachusetts, 193. Federal Hall, 120. Charlotte, Northa Carolina, Washington at, 282. ~ ~of Charleston, 219. Cha4-rltose, Dr. and Mre., in Mrs. Jay's "1Invitation List," City Taveern, New York, kept by Samuel Fraunces, 148, 98, nsote. note, 118. The place where Washington took leave Chuastellse., Francis Jean. Marquis de, Major General under (Dec. 4, 1183) of the officer's of the American army, Rochambeau, 9, note. Grandson of d'Aguesseau, 163. 148, asote. The place where the "1Social Cluh," met, HIs description of Washington's personal appearance, 148, ostote. 312. His description of Mrs. Washington, 160. Dices ~, Philadelphia, 250, 294. at Mr. Breck's, at Boston, with Vaudreull, 9; and there Clarkc, Mr., of Philadelphia, the builder of Washington's ineets with the accomplished Mrs. Tudor, 9. His ad- carriage for six horses, 214. 390 IND EX. Clark.son family, of New York, the residence of, 30. plan, 88. His Articles, 88. Secrecy in relation to -, Freeman, General, Levinus, and Stratford, in Mrs. them, 89, 40. Articles of, adopted, 40. Account of Jay's "Invitation List," 9S, note. them, 40, 42. Virginia proposes, 43. Commissioners, Thomas, honorably conspicuous (1798)in Philadel- at Annapolis, 48. See Constitultios of the U. S. phia, 314, snote. Congress, American, measures of, for a confederation, 88. Claviere, M., the friend of Brissot, 86. Declaration of American Independence, 89. Secret Clergy, of Boston, address Washington, 190. Of New deliberation on the Articles of Confederation, 39. York, list of, in 1789, 138, note. Of Philadelphia, 108. Adopts,Nov. 1777), the Articles, 40. Limited powers Some ofthe, epicures, 218. of, in 1777, 41. Orders (1783) the disbanding of the Cli en, Miss Betty, one of the belles of Philadelphia, in army, 1. Farewell to, by Washington as commander1757, 18. in-chief, 5. Adjourns (Oct., 1733) from Philadelphia Clintos, George, Governor of New York, the high stand- to Princeton, 231; and then to New York (1785), 78. ing of his family, 203. Description of Mrs. C. and her State of, in the winter of 1788, 17S9, 118. Observations daughters, by Mrs. Smith, 95. InMrs. Jay's" Invitation on the members of, 74, 75. Mirabeau calls them a List," 98, note. Is waited on by John Q. Adams, 78. company of demigods, 75. Eulogiums on them, by Is with Washington at dinner, 2, 13388, 184, 164, 228; at the William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, 75, 76. Measures of, theatre, 159; and at Col. Bauman's military review, 211. to restore the national credit, 42. Enters New York, in company with Washington, when -- of the United States, slow in assembling, 114, 216. it was evacuated (1788) by the British troops, 2. Gives Causes of this, 114,115. Warm discussion on the subpublic dinners on the occasion, 2. Accompanies Wash- ject of titles, 152. Place of meeting in New Yorkl, 119. ington to Rhode Island, 227; and on the way to Phila- Character of the members of, 119. Prepare to receive delphia, 229. IIis anecdote of Baron Steuben and the the President and Vice-President, 123. Debates of, in Doctors' Mob, 102, note.* With Washington proposes 1790 and 1791, 273. Consider the subject of a national to buy Saratoga Springs, 35. Notice of, 94, 95. bank, 273; and of a tax on ardent spirits, 273. Take -, Mrs. George, at the InauLguration Ball, 156. Pays measures (1789i for transmitting the mail, by stageher respects to Mrs. Washington, 164. Is at Washing- wagons, 117, sote. Request the President to appoint ton's last public dinner in New York, 228. a day of religious thanklsgiving, 181. Washington's, Cornelia Tappan, daughter of Governor, marries M. address to, (1793), on the occasion of his re-election as Genet, 295. President, 287. Richard Rush's account of the opening, General James, in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," of, by Washington, 311. Mourning for the mother of 98, note. Washington, 180; and for Dr. Franklin, 222., De Witt, Governor of New York, marries a daugh- Connecticnt, ratifies the Constitution, (1788,) 105. Oliver ter of Walter Franklin, 32, note t. Wolcott, Governor of, 204. Clotd, Rev. Mr., of the Methodist Church, one of the rest- Conoofocheagpe, the former name of the District of Columdent clergymen of New York, in 1789, 138, note. bia, 232, Described in satirical verses by Freneau, 237. Club. See Tuesdlay Evenings Clqeb; 1l[oot; and Social Constable, Mr., in the Invitation List of Mrs. Jay, 98. note. Club. Constitutione of the United States, early measures leading Clysei', family, its high standing at Plhiladelphia, 256, 272. to its adoption, 43, 44. Character of the framers of, 44, -, George, member of Congress fromn Pennsylvania, 45. Remarks on, by Hamilton and Franklin, 77. llati58, 166, ezote. I-His place of residence in New York, in fled (before July 1st, 1788), by Delaware, Pennsylvania, 17S9, 166, flote. Brother-in-law of Mr. Willing, 255. New Jersey, Georlgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Character and personal appearance of, 5S. Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, and Vir-, Mrs., one of the fashionable dames (1757) of Phila- ginia, 105 The ratification of, celebrated at Baltimore, delphia, 13. 105; Philadelphia, 10O-10S; New York, 109. Cobbett, William, in America, in 1794, the writings of, 323. Contee, Benjamin, Member of Congress from Maryland, his Assumes the name of Peter Porcupine, 323. Opposes place of residence in New York, 166, note. the French interest in the U. S., 328. Continental Congress. See Congress, American. Coehrlune, Sir Francis, son of Lord DuLndonald, 81. Convsentioss of the States, first measure for, by Virginia, 48. Colden, Mr. and Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 98, First meeting of Commissioners, 43, 44. See Constieote. tZstioc. -, Captain, salutes Washington, at Boston, 193. Conveyacces, public, account of, 117, note. oles, Isaac, member of Congress from Virginia, his place Conyng7eamn, R., a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing of residence in New York, 166, note. assembly, in 1748, 13. Collect. See Kolch. - family, its standing, in Philadelphia, 12. College, Columbia See Coluemsbia College. Cooper, Rev. Thomas, of Boston, called "the silver-tongued - i, ing's, (now Columbia), its condition in 1783, 81. orator," 8. --- of New Jersey. See Nassau LIall. Dr. Thomas, in America, in 1794, 323. Intimate Colonies, American, political condition of, in 1783, 37. friend of Dr. Priestley, 324. Partisan of Brissot, 324. Franklin's measures (1754,1775), for a union of, 38S. Settles in Northumberland, 324. Their unparalleled advance in population and pros- Coopley, John Singleton, artist, 351. Paintings by, in the perity, 6, 7. Philosophy Room at Cambridge, 193, note. Ills picColsmbia, South Carolina, visited by Washington, 282. ture of Mr. and Mrs. Izard, 172; and of Mrs. Hancock, - College, New York, 176, and note. Washington 192, note. Ills works commended, 351. and Adams at the commencement of, May 6, 1789, 158. -, John Singleton, (Lord Lyndhurst,) son of the artist,, District of. See District of Uolumezbia. 8. Is present at a dinner given by Louis Philippe, at Colhembiae Magazine, notices Miss Mary Leech, 105. Philadelphia, 330. His personal appearance, 331. Order. See Taeginalay Society. Corbit, Mr., in MIrs. Jay's Invitation List, 98, note. Colsmbues, Vision of. See Barlowc. Cosrnell family, of New York, place of residence in the city, Concerts of music, encouraged (1787) in Boston, 46. 33, note. Concert IHall, at Boston, 192. Cornwallis, Lord, the plains where Gates was engaged by. Condorcet, MI., his oration on Franklin, 223. 282. Cosfedeesotion of the United States, Dr. Franklin'o (1754) Cortluandt family, in New York, baronial rank of, 203. ID EX. 391 otr family, residence of, at Ne York, 0, note. Dana family, of Boston, ancient and distinguished, 8. Costme in America, described by -Chastellux, T; and by Francis, American Minister to Russia, 78. sWansey, 318. Of ladiest, in 1R89 155, note. Ladiesat ev. Dr. James, a Congregational ministelr, of New Boston, 192; at Charleston, 276, T, 279, note. Ball Haven, S184. drssesoflades,155,15852. Getlemen,4,47,158, -, the beautiful Miss, niece of Francis, glowing de276. Judges, 47. Postillions,. Changes i the scription of, by Mrs. Adams, 258. old costume, rst made at Boston, 276. Dacing Assemnbly, list of subscribers for, (1748) in Philaotilions, date of thei introduction, 47. delphlia, 13, note. ottenh, John, subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing -, fashionable (1787) in New England, 46. 8tyle of, assembly, in 1748, 13 ceote. at that period, 47. At Philadelphia, 2T1; described by Geni~ H~ouse, Boston, 194. ~Chastellux, 3718. At Charleston, 277. Rendered sigSupreme, in New England, winter costume of the nificant of the union of France and America, 158. See Judges, 47; sumnier costume, 47. Cotillions and lf-inuset. oxe, Mr. and Mrs., dine with Washington, at Philadelphia, Da~ndridcte, Miss Martha, afterward Mrs. Washington, 159. 38~~~~~~~~~32. ~Dane, Nathan, of Massachusetts, Menmber of Congress, 78. oi, John, a distinguished lawyer, of New York, 110. In Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 91, 99, sote. oes family, of Philadelphia, 13, ote. William, a sub- Darby, a village near Philadelphia, Mrs. Washington's rescriber to the Philadelphia dancin assembly, in 1748, ception at, 162. ~~~~~13, cnt~~~~~e.Darley, Mr., a player, at Philadelphia, 815. C f, Mr., British cosul at New rk, his lace of Daebene?, Mrs, of New York, her fashionable boardingresidence, 32, ote. Marries the widow of Robert C. house in Wall Street, 31, note t. Livingston, 32, note, *. Drauphi/v, of France, birth-day of. celebrated at PhiladelCree Ii, 224. isit the painting room of Col John phia, 19. Dr. 1ush's description of the celebration, 19. ~~~~~~~Trumbull, 225. Daoey, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia "dames," in 1757, 13. Ceec r,. de, 210. French Consul at New York, 94, Darvie, Wisliam lichardson, of North Carolina, 69. Char~~~~~note,~ ~e *. M. Otto arries the dauhter of, 94, note acter, history, and personal appearance of, 69. Mili~~Notice of, 7ST~~, note. ~tary exploits of, 70. o Point, visited by Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison, Davis, Matthew L., his account of Aaron Burr's profligacy, ~~~2S~~~~~~~~~~4. ~174, note. e8 family, of New York, their place of residence, 31, -, Miss lRebecca, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in note Henry, in the Invitation-list of Mrs. Jay, 98, 175T7, 13. s~~~~~n~~ot~e. Nicholaes, 110. D esJudge, of Boston, his triumphal arch in honor of Ci family, of Boston, ancient and distinguished, 8. Washington, 188. William, ude of the Supree Court of the U. S., Deane, Silas, Amnerican miniister to France, 172. ~~~1S~n. At Washington's farDec telaration of I'zdepecdenee. See Independenece. inaug~uratlon, 868. De ialb, Baron, 7ue grave of. visited by Washington, 282. Mr. iieo udge C. her account of diiiing with De haeney lamsily, of Newv York, 16, 233. Mrs. bzard, of the President, 332 Hei diary, 3301, note. Mrs. Pinck- South Carolina, a Member of, 172. ney's letter to, o83t note. Mention of Gilbert Stuart, ~, General Oliver, of the British arnoy, niarries Phila, by, 355. Notice of, 331, note. daughter of David Franks, 26. Charlotte, 25. Ciestis, Mrs. Danuael IParke, Woolaston's portrait of, 159, ~, Stephen, of New York, member of "1The Most" sooto. Her aittraetions, 160. See IVeishbicntoce, Mrs. club, 148, note. Eleanor, girinddauuohter of Mrs. Wasliington, 161, Delasware, state of, sends commissioners to Annapolis, 43. 313. Goes with hei (May, 1789) to New York, 161; Ratidies (1788) the Constitution of the U. 5., 105. and from Pimiladelphia to Mount Vernon, 365. Her Del C'ampo, MI., of Spain, dlines at Mr. Jay's, 90. practising on the imaipsiclmoril, 314. Mrs. Adaums pro- Dotter Ge-miser (Mr. Merry), 350. Driven from Englainid, 350. poses that Josiih Quincy shall pay his addresses to her Mrs. Morton's verses on, 351. orlher sister, 345. Marries LawreniceLew~is, Washing- Doemocrats, and Deimocratie Societies, 160, note, 294, 297, ton'sinephew, 365. Trumbull's portrait of, 354. Ma- 298, 299, 306, 313. Object to Mrs. Washington's drawdame Frere very listliate wvith, 332. lug-roomns, 313. H-er opinion oif, 160, noote, 313, 314. George Washington Parlee, graindsons of Mis. Wash- Donnsie, Joseph, of Philadelphia, a companion of Moore, ington, 161, 313. Schoolfellowv of William A. Doer, 212. thre poet, 162,nsote. smote Attends Mrs. Washingtonm (May, 1789) to lNew.Denncingp fammily, of New York, their residence, 31, note I Yorl~, 161, 162. Hils account of Washington's farewell Do Poystos fanilly, of New York, their residence, 31, coole5 to New Yuirk, 229, ceote. With Washington, oms his ~, Frederie, and Miss, in Mrs. Jay's "Invitations List," retiring from Philadelphia to Mount Vernon, 365. I-ie 99, scoto. list of the intimate friends of Mrs. Washington, 337. Devonshire, Duchess of, Mrs. Adamns's opinion (if the beauty I-lis opinion of thme merits of Woolaston, as an artist, of, 257. 159, smote. Dick, Miss Molly, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in Gimpter, Miss, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 98, smote. 1757, 13. Dickinson, Governor John, delegate from Delaivare to the D. 11 ~~~~~~Con'veistion," 59. Opposed (1776) to the Declaration of Independence, 60. At the festival in honor of the Daily Advec-tisec, a Newi York Jornrial, 288. Dauphin, 21. Converses wiitli Wasslington, 2,1. Miss Duittoc famnily, of Philadelphia., one of position, 272. Vining's letter (1733) to, 22. His writings, 59. CharRittenhouse, and Duponceau, their address to acter and personal appearance of, 60. Geunet, 293. Dieteottcc in America, Volney's remarks On, 38.3, 384. Dattocs, Tristram, of Massachusetts, U. S. Senator, 139. Dinceer-parties, Wednesday, given by Washington, 217. One of time Committee of Arrangements at Washing- Dic-ectorcy, New York, (1789), contmiins 96 srmail pages, 17,5 ton's Inauguration, 139. Hils place of resideiice in New District qf Golumnbia., 233. York,, 166, coote. Doctors' 31ob, in Newi Yocrk, tme. wounds of Mr. Jay and Mrs. Tristrrmns 156, 164., Baroms Steuben, by the, 102, smote. 392 I NDE X Dolgreen, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia "dames," in 1757,13. Edinbusrghy, University of, young Americans become stun Dolobran, the Lloyds of Philadelphia descended from the dents at, 7. ancient house of, 11. Edwards, Rev. Dr. Jonathan, 184. Dosestie goods, the manufacture of, patronized by Wash- Edwin, the engraver, engraves Savage's portrait of Washington, 161. ington, 353. Dorchester, Massachusetts, Henry Wolcott resides (1630) ELv nglean fanmily, of New York, residence of, 33, sote. there, 204. Eliot, Miss Sally, marries Thomas H. Perkins, 104. Dowse, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 99, nrte. Elizabethtow Point, 130. Drama, general opposition to, (1789), 211. Intellectual and Elliot, Andrew, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing moral influence of the, 212. Attended by Washing- assembly, in 1748, 13. ton, 212. El/is, Miss Patty, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in Drapes, Sir William, his lines in Latin, in the vestibule of 1757, 18. Governor Tryon's palace at Newbern, 275, note. Ellsworth, Oliver, Chief Justice, delegate from Connecticut Dress. See Costume. to the:6 Convention," 51. Senator of the new Congress, Drunkeneness, Dr. Ramsay's account of its prevalence in 119. His place of residence in New York, 166, note. Charleston, 216, 277. Guest of Oliver Wolcott, 843. His letter to Wolcott, Duase, James, distinguished lawyer, 175. Member of on the cost of living in New York, 206. Is present at "TThe Moot" club, 148, note. At the festival in honor Adams's inauguration, 363. His stories of Dr. Perkins, of the Dauphin, 21. His wife and daughter in the 3847. Character and personal appearance of, 51, 52. "Invitation List" of Mrs. Jay, 99, note. Mrs. D. at the Elmoer-, Jonathan, of New Jersey, Senator of U. S., his Inauguration Ball, 156. place of residence in New York, 166, note. Duehi, Rev. Dr., returns to America, iu 1798, 322. Embree family, of New York, residence of, 33, note. Duels, very frequently occurred in South Carolina, 276. Esnfanst, Major 1', architect, arranges the proceedings at the Dcer, William Alexander, LL. D., President of Columbia "Constitution celebration," 109. Association of his College, son of Colonel William D., 27. Brother of name, with Federal Hall, with the residence of Robert Judge John D., 27. His recollections of New York, Morris, and with the plan of the City of Washington, 27-33. Present at Adams's inauguration, 363; and de- 109, note. scribes it, 363. Account of his dramatic performance Eppes, John W., 267. Boon companion of John Ranbefore Washingtgon, 212, note. dolph, 266. Marries a daughter of Thomas Jefferson, -, Colonel William, marries Katherine Alexander, 218, 219, 267. daughter of Lord Stirling, 27. Brissot's admiration of, Erskeie, Lord, his speech in the case of Williams against 89. In Mrs. Jay's "Invitation List," 99, sote. His Faulder, 350. ilis tribute to Washington, 374. place of residence in New York, 32, ssote'. Eton College, England, young Americans, educated at, T. —, Lady Kitty, daughster of Lord Stirling, 19. In Mrs. Evacutation, of the city of New York (1783) by the British Jay's "Invitation List," 99, note. Attends the Inaugu- troops, 2. Celebration of the event, 2. Description of, ration Ball, 156. Dines at General IKnox's, 79. Pays by an American officer, 3, soote *. her compliments to Mrs. Washington, 164. Stanches Eewing, Rev. Dr. John, Provost of the University of PennBaron Steuben's wound received in the Doctors' Mob, sylvania, 266. 102, note *. Her personal appearance described by John Emcellency, a proposed title of the Chief Magistrate of the Quincy Adams, 79. U. S., 152. Dueke of Osrleans. See Louis Philippe. F Dulaney family, of Maryland, loyalists, 16. D)emas, Count Mathieu, his description of Washington's Fairfam family, of Yirginia, loyalists, 16. personal appearance, 871. Fairlie, Major, his residence in New York, 82, note *. Dunlap, William, artist, his portrait of Washington, 852. Fans from Paris, with medallion portraits of Washington, His mention of Woolaston, 159, note. Takes part in 156. the "Constitution celebration," (1788), 110. His suc- Fanscil Hall, Boston, 191, 356. Contains a full length cess as a dramatic writer, 214. portrait of Washington, by Stuart, 856. Desmore, Lord, the period when he left America, 207. Fasechet, M. Jean Antoine Joseph, (afterward Baron,) sucDeponcease, Peter S., 267. Marries Anne Perry, 105. Is ceeds M. Genet, as Minister from France, 828. Notice Secretary of a secret society of Frenchmen, 292. Unites of, by Adams, 828, 329. His remarks on the Western with Dallas and Rittenhouse, in preparing an Address Insurrection, 299. His famous recovered letters, 302. to Genet, 293. Is superseded by M. Adet, 304. The Abb6, his eulogy Duepont, M., Secretary to the French Legation, 829. His on Franklin, 223. wife, 329. Federal Government, limited powers of, in 1777, 41, 42. Dutch, The, brought to New York the custom of New Washtngton's remarks on the subject, 42. Year's calls, 214. - - Hall, New York, 216, 225. Particular description Dutch Clharch, in Garden street, New York, the oldest of, 120, 121 122. Major 1' Enfant, the architect of, 121. church in the city, 80, note. Federalists, 296, 297, 299. Charges against, 306. Their -, in Philadelphia, described as " magnificent," 2387. social characteristics, 342. Duyeckinckc family, of New York, residence of, 80, note. Federalist, The, a series of Essays, by Hamilton, Jay, and Mr. E. A. D., mentioned, 279, note. Madison, 113. Dwight, Rev. Dr. Timothy, 206. His letter to Oliver --, a miniature ship, presented to Washington, 105, Wolcott, relative to the scurrilous attacks on Washing- note, ton, 288. A guest of Oliver Wolcott's, 844. Fennell, James, a player, at Philadelphia, 815. Dunlap's account of, 816. Fesno, editor of the "Gazette," at New York, his account of the President's reception, 134. His observations on Edgar, Mrs., of New York, 164. Presents a "suit of Washington's household economy, 149, note. colors" to Commodore Nicholson, 111. Fergusos, Mrs., of Philadelphia, a poetess, 349. Her M8. Eccleston, Mr., of Virginia, an amateur statuary, his bust writln gs, 349. of Washington, 356. Fessenden, his "Terrible Tractoration" mentioned, 347. IN) DEX. 393 Fewo, Colonel William, of Georgia, Senator of U. S., his Franks, David, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing place of residence in New York, 166, note. Dines assembly, 1748, 18. Mrs. D., one of the Philadelphia with Washington, 164. Is in Mrs. Jay's Invitation- "dames" in 1757, 13. list, 99. note. His playful vindication of himself, for —, David, a rich Jewish merchant of Philadelphia, 26. marrying, 103. His daughter Phila marries General Oliver De Lancey, Field Book of the Revolqttios, Mr. Lossing's, contains an 26; Abigail marries Andrew -lamilton, 2T; Rebecca englraving of Governor Tryon's residence, 275, note. marries General Sir Henry Johnson, 24, note, 27. Fireworkcs, display of, at the celebration of the evacuation Trumbull's mention of, 341. of New York by the British troops, 2. —, Rebecca, (afterward Lady Johnson,) 203. CeleFis7h, Major Nicholas, took part in the "Constitution cele- brated for her wit, 22, 2T. Her remarks on social life, bration," 110. in New York and Philadelphia, 22, 25. Account of, 26. Fishbourn, Miss Sally, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in Fraser, Charles, his "Reminiscences of Charleston" 1757, 13. quoted, 279, 2,ote. Fisherman, the American, Talleyrand's description of, 882. Praences, Samuel, of New York, called "Black Sam," 147, Fite7h, John, inventor of the steamboat, notice of, 265. note. His tavern in Broad Street, the place where Fitzsimons, Thomas, of Pennsylvanmia, Member of Con- Washington bid farewell to his officers, 2. His stagegress, his place of residence in New York, 166 note. office, 117, smote. Washington commends him, M4; Flat Lands, the foot-race of the grenadiers at, 26. writes a letter to him, 149, snote; employs the daughFlechier, M., his oration on Turenne, quoted, 274, note. ter of, as a housekeeper, 147, note. Floyd, William, of New York, Member of Congress, his FPrederick of Prussia, sends a sword to Washington, 146. residence in the city, 166, note. —, Maryland, is visited by Washington, 283. Flsuckner, Mr. Secretary, father of Mrs. General Knox, 171. 1 Fredericksberpgh, Virginia. 179, 2T4. Force, Peter, of Washington City, Washington's Diary in iPree lleasoss, 227. possession of, 316. Frensch Citizens, many, driven to the U. S., by the French Foreigneess, many of distinguished rank visit the U.S., Revolution, 321. Their inflluence, 321, 322. from 1789 to 1797, 321. fashions. See Costeume. Forest, Mionsieur and Madame de la, 99 note, 156, 164. Revolution, reflections on, 289, 290, 296. Abolishes Fort George, 31, 284. monarchy, 290. Avows atheism, 290. Drives many W-Wcashizgton, 227. of tihe French people to the U. S., 321. Jefferson apWiliamr, tfenry, 284. proves of, 340. Foster, Rev. Mr., Baptist minister in New York, in 1789, Squadron, salute Washington, 188, 189, 195. 138, seote. Freneau, Philip, editor of the New York Daily Advertiser,, Sally, marries Harrison Gray Otis, 337. 234, 288. A classmate of Madison, at Princeton col. Fox, Charles James, his tribute to Waslhington, 874. lege, 235, 288. His attacks on Washington, 289, 293. France, profound interest of, in American affairs, 84. The feelings attributed by him to Hugh Gaine, 16. Alliance of, with the U. S., 217. Portraits of the King Hlis charge brought against the Philadelphia physicians, and Queen of, presented to Congress, by Louis XV[., 314, smote. His satire on the Journey to Nesw York, 122. Declares war against Great Britain, 291. 117. Captain of a schooner, 136. His part in the Francis family, of Philadelphia, its standing, 12, 256. French Patriotic Society, 292. Mr. Jeffersou's mnen-—, John, a subseriber to the Philadelphia dancing as- tion of, 293, note. Account of, by Dr. John W. Fransembly, in 1748,18. cis, 289. Notice of, 288. -, Mrs., and Misses Molly and Betty, among the Phil- Frere, Chevalier, the Portuguese Minister, and MIadame adelphia "dames and belles," in 17T57, 13. F., dine with Washington, 381. Account of Madame, Thomas Willing, son-in-law of Thomas Willing, 15. F., 331; and of her diamonds, 332., Dr. John W., 142. His interesting conversation Fres7 Water Pond. See Kiolich. with Freneau, 289. Ills memoir of Bishop Provoost, Fre-tel, M., tutor of George W. Lafayette, 334. quoted, 176, note t. Felton, Robert, his portrait of Washington, in 1782, 352. Franklin, William, a subscriber for the Philadelphia danc- Feenerels, mode of conducting, in New England (178T), 47. ing assemrnbly, in 1748,13. Mrs. F., one of the "dames" Fbsemell, Miss, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in 175T, 13. of Philadelphia, in 1757, 13. -, Dr. Benjamin, delegate from Pennsylvania to the G "Convention," 55. Influence of his negotiations, on the destiny of the U. S., 37. His first plan for a union Gadedeie, Christopher, of Soutih Carolina, a llepresentative of the Colonies, 88. Submits to Congress the Articles in the Congress of 1765, 72. of Confederation, 38. One of the Signers of the Dec- Gaine, Hugh, sign of the Bible and Crovwn, removes the laration of Independence, 56. His remark on the royal emblem from his sign, 32. Feelings attributed adoption of the Constitution, 7T. Jefferson, the sue- to, by Freneau, 16. At the "Constitution celebracessor of, as Minister to France, 180, 265. Rittenhouse, tion" in New York, 110. the successor of, as President of the American Philo- Gainsbosostg7b, Thomas, portrait of Mrs. Izard, by,-172. sophical Society, 265. Ilis grand-daughter marries CGle, George, of Maryland, Member of Congress, his piace Harwood, the player, 316. Miss Temple meets him at of residence in New York, 166, note. Governor Bowdoin's, 10. His lost manuscript, 219. Gal&,sosiere, Marquis and Marchioness de la, 190, 192. His death and funeral, 221, and sote. Tributes to him Galloway family, of Philadelphia, loyalists, 16. Mrs. G., by Smith, Stiles, Mirabeau, Fanlchet, and Condorcet, much admired, 23. 222, 228. Mourning for, 222, 223. Character and per- Galveston, The, a Spanish ship of war, its salutation of sonal appearance of, 55, 56. Washington, 132., Temple, portrait of, by Trumbull, 354. Gambling, at Philadelphia, 271; and at Charleston, 277. -, Walter, of New York, a member of the Society of Gardoqsi, Don Diego, Spanish Minister to the U. S., 78, Friends, 32, note t. His residence, 32, smote t. One of 79. Dines with Washington, 164. Beautiful illumminahis daughtelrs marries De Witt Clinton, lb. tion of his house, at the festival of the Inanguration, Franks family, of Philadelphia, now represented in the 145, 146. Dines at Mr. Jay's, 92. In Mrs. Jay's Invifemale lines, 13, sote *. tation-list, 99, note. 394 INDEX. Gasrick, a portrait of, painted by Pine, 352. phia, Rochefoucauld's description of, 162, note. Verses Gates; General, escorts Washington to his hotel at Annap- on, 162, note. Reception of Genet at, 292. olis, 4. Dr. Rush's letter to, 264. Reminiscence of his Graydon, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia " belles," in 1757, engagement with Cornwallis, 282. Kosciusko, at the 13. house of, 333 A portrait of, by Du Cimetiere, 352. Grayson, Mr. and Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99 Gesesral, the title by which Mrs. Washington spoke of her note. husband, 216. -, William, of Virginia, Senator of the U. S., his place GeLnet, M., AMinister of the French Republic, his reception of residence in New York, 166, note. at Philadelphia, 292,293. Address from the democrats Greame, Mrs., and Miss Jeany, among the Philadelphia to, 294. Is offended at seeing, at Washington's house, " dames and belles," in 1757, 13. the bust of Louis XVI., 294. Appeals from the gov- Great Britaisz, France declares war against, 292. Mr. ernment of the U. S. to the people, 295. Notice of Jay's treaty with, 301. him, and of his sisters, 295, note. Marries Cornelia Green, Rev. Dr. Ashbel, 266. One of the Chaplains of Tappan Clinton, daughter of Governor Clinton, 295; Congress, at Dr. Shippen's, when the subject of the and, afterward, marries a daughter of Mr. Osgood, the President's title was discussed, 153. His anecdote of Postmaster-General, 296, szote. Washington complains Washington, in relation to the removal of the seat of of the conduct of, 295. He is recalled, and M. Fauchet Government, 234; and to the excitement caused by takes his place, 328. Mr. Jay's treaty, 306. Ganzsevoort, Mr. in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Greene, General Nathaniel, Alexander Hamilton's oration Gentlemen, American, style of dress of, in 1786, 46. See on the life and character of, 178. Hobkirk Hill, where Costme.e. Lord Rawdon attacked, visited by Washington, 282. George, Miss, (Mrs. Oldmixon,) a player, at Philadelphia, Washington dines with Mrs. G., 282. 317. Greenleaf; Miss, marries Noah Webster, 104. Georgetowon, Washington's reception at, 126. --, Mrs. (formerly Miss Allen of Philadelphia,) 270. Georgia, State of, opposed to the assumption of the State -—, the republican printer, place of his office, in New debts, 232. Washington's reception in, 281. Ratifies York, 32, note. (1788) the Constitution, 105. Grenlville, Lord, his despatches, relative to Fauchet and Gerard, M., Washington's farewell letter to, 83. Randolph, 302. Germantown, Pennsylvania, Washington's summer resi- Grffn, Cyrus, President (1787) of Congress, 82. His place dence there, in 1794, 315. of residence in New York, 166, note. His dinnerGe'rry, Elbridge, of Massachusetts, delegate to the "Con- parties, 96. Brissot's anecdote of, 83, note; and devention," 49. Member of the new Congress, 119. One scription of him and his family, 90. of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 49., Lady Christiana, 92, 97, 156, 164. In Mrs. Jay's Invitation-lists, 91, 99, note. His place --, David, one of the Commissioners to settle the diffiof residence in New York, 166, note. Notice of, 49, culties with the Creek confederacy, 224. 100, cot.t Mrs. G., pays her compliments to Mrs. Griswold, Roger, a guest of Oliver Wolcott, 343. Washington, 164. Notice of her, 100, note. Gross, Rev. Mr., of the German Church in the city of New Gibson, Chief Justice, his account of Washington's anger, York, in 1789, 138, note. kindled by Edmund Randolph's " Vindication," 304. Grout, Jonathan, of Massachusetts, Member of Congress Gien, Viscount de Ponteves, French admiral, 189, and his place of residence in New York, 166, note. note. Guest, Mr., his fashionable shop at Philadelphia, 268, note Giles, Major Aquila, of New York, takes part in the " Con- Gilford, North Carolina, visited by Washington, 282. stitution celebration," 110. Gallagher, Mr., of Boston, sculptor, his bust of Washing-, Mr., of Virginia, U. S. Senator, anecdotes of him ton, 356. and Colonel Trumbull, 340, and note, 341. Glnn, James, of Georgia, U. S. Senator, his place of resiGilman, Nicholas, of New Hampshire, Member of Con- dence in New York, 166, note. gress, 166, note. Accompanies Washington to Rhode Gscstavus III, Genet (at the age of 12 years) receives a Island, 227. Dines with Mr. Jay, 91. Is in Mrs, Jay's gold medal and flattering letter from, 295, note. Invitation-list, 99, sote. His place of residence in New York, 166, note. Girard, Stephen, honorably conspicuous in Philadelphia, in 1793, 314, note. iace7ley family, at Philadelphia, its high standing, 12. Glover, General, Washington dines with, 194. tcail Colsemnbia, the national song, composed by Judge God, the Providence of, recognized by Congress, 181; the Hopkinson, 342. existence of, denied by the French Convention, 290. Hall, Susan, cousin of Dr. Rush, at the festival in honor of Godons, Thomas, a subscriber for tilhe Philadelphia dancing the Dauphin, 20. assembly, in 1748, 13, suote. tcallam, Mr., a popular player in America, 213 Goodhue, Benjamin, of Massachusetts, Member of Con- Hallett family, of New York, the place of residence of, 33, gress, his place of residence in New York, 166, Cote. note. Conducts Washington to the balcony of the State Hamilton family, of Philadelphia, their standing, 12. AlexHouse, at Boston, 194. anuder H., and James H., subscribers to the PhiladelGoodrich, Chauncey, marries the youngest sister of Oliver phia dancing assembly, in 1748, 13, note. Miss H., 257. Wolcott, 344, 258. Nancy H., 250. Mrs. H., one of the Philadelphia -, Elizur, his letter introducing Eli Whitney to Oliver "dames," in 1757, 13. Wolcott, in 1794, 34T., Alexander, of New York, delegate to the " ConvenGorham, Mr. and Miss, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, tion," 53. Marries a daughter of General Schuyler, 54. snote. His place of residence in New York, 29, 173. One of Gosuld, Edward, a New York merchant, Member of the the attorneys of the Supreme Court, 175. John Blair Social Club, 148, note. Linn, a law student in the office of, 176. His remarks Gouverszeur, Mr., of New York, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation- on the establishment of the Constitution, 77. Is one list, 99, note. of the authors of the Essays called " The Federalist," Gcray's Ferry, a place of fashionable resort near Philadel- 118. Is appointed Secretary of the Treasuery, 180. A INDEX. 395 vindication of, from the suspicion of favoring "kingly fHarsiN, Captain, of New York, his celebrated New York and aristocratical" institutions, 221. His financial Grenadiers, 139. schemes, 273. At the President's request, suggests Hartford, Connecticut, the manufacturers of, present a Ruaes for the Chief Executive's receiving visitors, and piece of broadcloth to Vice President Adamns, 123. entertaining company, 150. His letter to Washington, Reception of Washington at, 184. Oliver Wolcott's urging him to accept the presidency for a second term, residence at, 205. 285-287. Recovers from the yellow fever, 815. His Hartley, Thomas, of Pennsylvania, Member of Congress, oration on the death of General Greene, 178. His in- his place of residence in New York, 166, n2ote. fluence in removing the seat of Government to the Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 7, 193, 194 District of Columbia, 232, 233. In his Reports, he uses Portrait of Washington painted for, 353. the decimal system of dollars and cents, 26S, szote. Harwood, Mr., a player at Philadelphia, marries Miss Resigns his office as Secretary of the Treasury, 300. Bache, granddaughter of Dr. Franklin, 816. His account of Erick Bollman, 333. Brissot's admi- llTrthorsc, John, of New York, Member of Congress, his ration of, 89. His character vilified by Freneau, 288. place of residence in New York, 166, nqote. Notice of, 53, 173. Personal appearance of, 53. Hlavyiland family, of New York, residence of, 33, ssote. la7cmilton., Mrs. Alexander, daughter of Gen. Schuyler, 54. Hawks, John, architect, his drawings of the old palace of Sister of Mrs. Church, 324. Is present at the Inaugur- Governor Tryon, 275, note. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. ation Ball, 156; and among the assemblage on occasion H., grandson of John H., ib. of Hamilton's Oration on General Greene, 178. Is an Hasvkcins, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, szote. intimate friend of Mrs. Washington, 337; and in Mrs. Hawkslhs7rt family, of New York, residence of, 33, note. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Is now (November, Hay, John, an officer of the British army, a member of the 1854) living, 389. Social Club of New York, 148, note. A, ndrew, of Philadelphia, marries Abigail, daughter Hayes, Lady, daughter of Mrs. Henry White, and widow of David Franks, 27. Occupies the finest rural resi- of Peter Jay Monroe, 210, aote. dence in Pennsylvania, 22, 27. Mrs. H., elder sister of Ifazacrd, Ebenezer, Postmaster General, 180. Miss Rebecca Franks, 22. Heister, Daniel, of Pennsylvania, Member of Congress, his Hnmtecatt, Madame, of Bangor, Maine, niece of Mrs. Cush- residence in New York, 166, note. ing, 331, note. Ilenry, Mr. and Mrs., neighbors of Dr. Rush, present at the Hamnmond, George, British minister, marries Miss Allen, festival in honor of the Dauphin, 20. 302, 324. Description of, 824. He and Mrs. H. dine —, John, of Maryland, U. S. Senator, his place of resiwiih Washington, 331. His communication to Wol- dence in New York, 166, note. cott, respecting Fauchet and Randolph, 302. Is suc- —, Patrick, Governor of Virginia, 207. HIls speech on ceeded by Mr. Liston, 3381. the U. S. being independent of all nations, and under fcampton, Colonel Wade, conducts Washington to Colum- the influence of none, 291. bias South Carolina, 282. —, Mr., a popular player at Philadelphia, 213, ssote. Hiancock, John, Governor of Massachusetts, 8, 123. His Heersey, Ezekiel, portrait of, in the Philosophy Room at residence, 189. His reception of Vice PresidentAdams, Camnbridge, 193, sote. 123. Rumors of a misunderstanding between him and Heraey, Colonel, aid-de-camp to Wellington, marries Miss Washington, 186, 190. Presents a rich carpet, for the Caton, 209, uzote. His widow marries the Marquis of Philosophy Room at Cambridge, 193, note. Mrs. H., Caermarthen (Duke of Leeds), 209, nzote. formerly Miss Quincy, 192, acote. Notice of her, 192, Hewson, John, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing notee; Copley's portrait of her. ib. assembly, in 1748, 13., Thomas, full length portrait of, in the Philosophy caycwcard, Judge, of New York, his dwelling-house, 279, Room at Cambridge, 193, sote. zote. Harding, Miss Peggy, one of the Philadelphia " belles," in iicilcszan, Miss Nancy, one of the Philadelphia " belles," in 1757, 13. 1757, 13. Haring, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, sote. flicks family, of New York, place of residence of, 33, note. Harkly, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia " belles," in 1757,13. lZildreth, R., author of a History of the United States, 157. Harleston, Mrs., and her mother, mention of, by Miss Corrected, 157. Franks, 26. Hill family, of Philadelphia. aristocratic ancestry of, 11. Harp-er, Robert Goodloe, a prominent Federalist, son-in- —, Richard, jr., one of the subscribers to the Philadellaw of Charles Carroll, 339. phia dancing assembly of 1748, 13. iHarrison, Anne, marries Thos. Willing,14. Her pedigree,14. IHisndnaan, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list. 99, nzote. -—, Henry, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing liobart, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs. H., one of the Philadelphia lobbes, J. R., his biographical account of John Woolaston, "' dames," in 1757, 13. the artist, 159, szote. -—, Richard Nichols, of New York, an eminent lawyer, flioffamsn, Charles Fenno, of New York, 207, note. 175, 211. His letter to Mr. Powell, relative to the effect --, Josiah Ogden, eminent lawyer of New York, 175. of Washington's cares and duties on his health, 211. Takes part in the " Constitution-celebration," 110. Member of the Social Club, 148. note. In Mrs. Jay's rotllacnd, Mrsn., her fashi'onable shop in Philadelphia, 268. Invitation-list, 99, szote. Hollis, Thomas, portrait of, in the Philosophy Room at, Robert H., Chief Justice of Maryland, declines the Cambridge, 193, note. appointment of Judge of the Supreme Court of the zlozse, Messrs., of New York, site of their auction-room, 32. U. S., 181. Hooker, Rev. Dr. Herman, his tribute to Mrs. Susan Wal-, Major General Thomas, of Cromwell's army, mem- lace, 310, note. her of the Long Parliament, 14; and of the Court that Huopkiazs, Dr. Lemuel, mention of, by Trumbull, 205, note, condemned Charles 1., 14. Paternal grandfather of 206. Anne Harrison, 14. Copy of the portrait of, painted Hop2kison, Thomas, a subscriber to the Philadelphia for President William Henry Harrison, 14, note ~. dancing assembly, 1748, 13. Mrs. H., one of the PhilaHa.rrisons, William Henry, President of the U. S., a de- delphia " dames," in 1757, 13. scenuant of Major General Thomas H., of Cromwell's -, Judge Francis, of Philadelphia, author of the Battle army, 14, note ~. of the Kegs, 265, 343. Plans the Constitution-celebra 396 I N D E X. tion (1788) at Philadelphia, 106. His ode on the occa- 164; is with him at the Charleston corporation-bal. sion, 107. His verses on Woolaston, 159, qnote. The (1791), 279. Visits London, Paris, and Florence, 172. companion of Dennie and Tom Moore, 162, note. No- Is in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. His place of tice of, 265. Letter to, by Washington, while sitting residence in New York, 166, note. Dislocates his arm, for a portrait by Pine, 351. 8331, qnote. Notice of, 172. Ioegkinson, Judge Joseph, of Philadelphia, author of'Hail Izard, Alice DeLancey, wife of Ralph, portraits of, by Columbia," 842. His account of Oliver Wolcott, 343. Gainsborough and Copley, 172,173. Notice of her, 172. tlospitality, of the people of South Carolina., 276. bonzdetot, Madame la Comtesse d', Mr. Jefferson's letter to, J in relation to Dr. Franklin, 219. Houdon, M., sculptor, comes (1785) from France with Dr. Jackson, Andrew, Member of Congress, votes against resoFranklin, 36, 353. Models the head of Washington, lutions complimentary to Washington, 361. at Mount Vernon, 353. --, General James, of Georgia, Member of Congress, Houston, Mr. and Mrs., in the Invitation-list of Mrs. Jay, his place of residence in New York, 167, note. Recep99,,zote. Mrs. H. pays her compliments to Mrs. Wash- tion of Washington by, at Savannah, 281. ington, 164. - -, Major William, one of Washington's private secreHoecsard, John Eager, of Baltimore, U. S. Senator, 889. taries, 188, 187, 188. Is a connection of the celebrated Marries Miss Chew, 339, 376. Mrs. Bingham, 263. Attends Washington in his EastHowell, Major, his Ode, sung by ladies of Trenton, on Wash- ern Tour, 188; in his Tour to Rhode Island, 227; and ington's Triumphal Progress, 129. in his Southern Tour, 274, 280. His walks with WashMr., of Philadelphia, an eminent Quaker lawyer, ington at Philadelphia, 309. 266. Jccobins and Jacobinism, 294, 296, 801. fisger, Daniel, of South Carolina, Member of Congress, his Jagnes, Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, qnote. place of residence in New York, 167, note. In Mrs. Jclneway family, of New York, tories, their residence in Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Wall street, 31, note t. Hnguzenots, The, settle in South Carolina, 65. Introduce Jacdennes, Don Felipe, Minister from Spain, 3882. He and the custom of New Year's calls in New York, 214. his lady dine (April 2,'95) with Washington, 331. Her IlttnZtingdoee, Benjamin, of Connecticut, Member of Con- diamonds, 332. He is succeeded by Martinez, 332. gress, his place of residence in New York, 166, enote. Jcy family, of New York, its high standing, 97, 203. Hieunticngton, Governor, his reception of Washington, 183. —, John, of New York (Chief Justice of the U. S.), one Hticnplhreys, William, one of the subscribers for the Phila- of the Attorneys of the Supreme Court, 175. A mem(lelphia dancing assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs. William ber of the " Moot " Club, 148, sZote. One of the authors H., one of the Philadelphia "belles," in 1757, 13. of the "Federalist," 113. His remarks on public affairs -, Colonel David, 146, 148,156. Attends Washington in 1786, 43. Vice President Adams conducted to the on his way to New York, 125; and to Rhode Island, house of (1789), 123. Takes part in the reception (1789) o27. Is one of the Commissioners to treat with the of Washington at New York, 180. Is present at WashCreek Indians, 224. Caricature of, 123, zsote. Ameri- ington's Inauguration, 154. Dines with Washington can Minister at Lisbon, 272. His poem on the Happi- (1789), 164; with the French Charg6 d'Affaires, 217. ness of America, quoted, 84S. His dinner-parties, 96. Washington visits him at his country-seat, 183. Washington's letter to him, appointing him Chief Justice, 181. He prepares for I. the President an elaborate report, 147. Accompanies Imnlay, William, of New York, a member of the Social Washington to Paulus Hook, 229. Is Envoy ExtraorClub, 148, note. dinary (1794) to tile Court of London, 301. His treaty, Inzdependence, American, resolution to declare it, adopt- 801, 804. Is burnt in effigy by the Jacobins, 307. ed, June 10, 1776, 39. Acknowledged by foreign na- Washington's letter to, on the subject of the Pennsyltions, 1. Declaration of, celebrated, 177. vania Insurrection, 297. His letter of congratulation to -- all, Philadelphia, 48, 217. Importance of the de- Mr. Bingham, on his marriage to Miss Willing, 256. liberations held in, 48. Notices of the members of the Goes to the theatre at Philadelphia with Mrs. Robert Convention held in, 48-76. Morris, 317. Is present at the dinner to the Creek InIndians, Creek confederacy of, negotiations with, 223. dians, 225. Is called on by young John Quincy Adams, Ingersoll, Joseph R., of Philadelphia, his house, 15, note *. 78. Wounded in the Doctors' mob, 102, note *. M. -, Mrs., her boarding-house, in Court street, Boston, Brissot and Mrs. Colonel Smith dine with, 90, 91. 189. Washington engages lodgings there, 189. Vindicated from the suspicion of favoring kingly and —, Miss Bertha, her letter to Miss McKean, and account aristocratic institutions, 221. Notices of, by Brissot, of the throng at the Inauguration of Washington, 137. 89; by Mrs. Colonel Smith, 91, 92; and by the author, Inglis family, of Philadelphia, its standing, 12. Now re- 817, note. Trumbull's portrait of, 354. presented in the female line, 13, seote *. -, Mrs., her social position, 97. Her Invitation-list,, John, one of the subscribers to the Philadelphia 98, emote. A daughter of Governor William Livingdancing assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs. I., one of the Phil- ston, 97. Letters of, to her husband, 317, note. Exadellphia " belles," in 1757, 18. tract from one of the letters of, to her mother, 98. Is Insurrection7 in Pennsylvania, 297, 298. present at the Inauguration Ball, 156; and at Hamilton's Iredell, Jamles, of North Calolina, one of the Judges of the oration on General Greene, 178. Notices of, by Miss Supreme Court of the United States, 181. Anecdote of Adams, 98; by Mrs. Colonel Smith, 92; by Madame his admiration of Fisher Ames's eloquence, 307. Is Lafayette, 98; and by the author, 817, note. present at Adams's inauguration, 863. —, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick, in Mrs. Jay's InvitationIrvjing, Washington, his recollections of Washington's in- list, 99, czote. auguration, 142. Je.Terson, Thomas, of Virginia (afterward President of the Irwein, General, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. United States), is sent to France to supply the place of Izaccrd, Ralph, of South Carolina, U. S. Senator, 119. A Dr. Franklin, 78. Marie Antoinette speaks to him of member of the Committee of Arrangements at Wash- Miss Vining, 21, ezote *. Is appointed, by Washington, ington's Inauguration. 189. Dines with Washington, to the post of Secretary of State, 1:80, 219. Arrives I N D E X. 397 (Nov. 1790) from France, 218; and is cordially received King, Mrs. Rufus, character and personal beauty of, 100. by Washington, 220. -His disagreeable journey to New Kissam, Dr., a popular physician at New York, 171. He York, 219. Correction of his account of Washington's and Mrs. K., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. levee;, 150, 151. Goes with Washington to Rhode Kzsot, General Henry, embraced by Washington, at his Island, 227; and with Madison (1191) on a tour to Ver- farewell to the army officers, 3. Washington's letter mont, 284. His vindication of the democrats, 319. Is to, relative to the delay of his certificate of election, 124. the patron of Freneau, 235, 288, 289, 293, note; and in- Participates in the reception (1789) of the President, timate friend of Genet, 295, note. Favors the French at New York, 180, 131. Present at the Inauguration, Revolution, 840. Opposes Washington, 840; and, ac- and the ball, 140, 154. Appointed Secretary of War, cording to the testimony of Freneau, calumniates him, 141, 180. Is at the dinner given to the Creek Indians, 289. Offers to Colonel Trnmbull the mission to the 225. An intimate friend of Rochefoucauld, 329. iIis Barbary States, 840. Colonel T.'s description of a din- brilliant conversation, 172. Vilified by Freneau, 288. ner-party given by, 3840. Is present at the dinner given Vindicated from the susplicion of a predilectionl for to the Creek Indians, 225. His conversation with kingly institutions, 221. Resigns his office, 300. With Washington, relative to Randolph, 300; and letter to Mrs. K., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, snote. Resihim, urging him to serve, as President, a second term, dence of, at New York, 1T2. 285. Anecdote of, in relation to the removal of the ~, Mrs., not at the Inauguration Ball, 157. She is one seat of government, 233. Correction of his account of of the most intimate friends of Mrs. Washington, 164, the Inauguration Ball, 156, 157. His letters to Madame 3837. Her removal to Philadelphia, 251; and presence de Brehan, 93; and Madame d'Houdetot, 219. His at the first levee there, 270. Personal appearance, and admiration of Mrs. Bingham, and account of fashion- character of, 91, 95, 172, 337. able life in Paris, 260, and nsote. His letter to his Klolch, The, or Fresh Water Pond, in the city of New daughter Martha, who marries Thomas Mann Ran- York, 33. Account of the neighborhood, 33. dolph, 218, 219, note. His youngest daughter marries Koscizesko, at the house of Gen. Gates, 333. RochefouJohn W. Eppes, 267. The granddaughter of, marries cauld's notice of, 333, 334. Nicholas P. Trist, 218, scote. Ksenzie, Rev. Dr. John Christopher, pastor of the United oJeplhsonz, Mrs., her beautiful rural residence, 168. Lutheran Church, at New York, in 178', 138, nmote. Jewels, few, worn in the U. S., in 1789, 155, cote. His place of residence, 166, note. Notice of, 176, and Jews, section of the city of New York that was occupied note. by them in 1783, 30, note. Jeykell, Mrs. and Miss Fanny, among the "belles and. danes" of Philadelphia, in 1757, 13, szote. Johlsson, Dr. William Samuel, of Connecticut, delegate to Ladd, Dr., the poet, 349, 351. the'"Convention," 52. An Episcopalian, 52. U. S. Lafayette, Marquis de, brother-in-law of Viscount de Senator, 166, note. His place of residence in New Noailles, 332. Washington's letter to, in 1784, 34. A York, 166, note. In Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. guest at Mount Vernon, August, 1784, 34. His affectNotice of, 52. ing leave of W., 35. His meeting with Miss Temple, Johnsston, Lieutenant General Sir Henry, marries Rebecca, 10, note *. Entertains Mrs. Binghamn, 257. Visits Mrs. daughter of David Franks, of Philadelphia, 27. Hancock, 192, note. He and Rochefoucauld second Josses, Dr., a popular New York physician, 177. Mirabeau's motion, that the National Assembly of -, Edward, one of the subscribers for the Philadelphia France wear mourning for Franklin, 223. Washing(lancing assembly, in 1748, 13, note. ton's anxiety on account of the imprisonment of, 334, -—, Chevalier John Paul, and Mrs. S., in Mrs. Jay's 335. Bollman's attempt to liberate, 333. Invitation-list, 99, note., George W. L., in America, 334, 365. La Forest, M. de, the French Consul, and Mrs. L., 97. K. Laidlaw, Mr. C., and Mrs., 99, scote. Lamcesartine, his remarks on Brissot, 85, sqote. Kalb, Baron de, Washington visits the grave of, 282. Lamb family of New York, 31. Keasc, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Langdon, John, of New Hampshire. delegate to the " ConKeasrsley, John, Jr., a subscriber for the Philadelphia dan- vention," 49. Agent, in New Hampshire, of the Concing assembly, in 1748, 13. tinental Congress, 50. Military exploits of, 49. U. S. Kelly, Henry, of New York, a member of the Social Club, Senator, 119, 195, 196, 197. His place of residence, in 148, sote. New York, 166, note. Notice of, 49. Mrs. L., 156,164..Kemnble family, the residence of, at New York, 30 note. Lasnsdownse, Marquis of. commends Talleyrand to Wash-, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. ington, 324, 325. Mr. Bingham sends a full length Kesnnedy, Captain Archibald, R. N., (afterward Earl of portrait of Washington to, 355, 356. Cassilis,) 28, scote 1. His house at New York, destroyed Lansizsg, James, of New York, one of the attorneys of the by the great fire, September 21, 1776, 28, cote t. Supreme Court, 175. Kent, James (afterw'crds Chancellor), of New York, one of Lasrens, Miss Mary, marries Charles Pinckney, 104. the attorneys of the Supreme Court, 175. Lauezescn, Duke de, his opinion of the wocmen of Philadel-, Duke of, brother of William IV, in the U. S., 8831. phia, 253. Kenyon family, of New York, place of residence of, in the Lcaw, Mrs., granddaughter of Mrs. Washington, 111. city, 33, note. Lawzrexnce family, of Philadelphia, 12. John, inc 1748, 13, Kidd, John, a subscriber to the Philadelphia dancing as- note. Mrs., Miss Molly, and Miss Kitty, in 1757, 18, sembly, in 1748, 13, snote. nsote. T., senior, and T., junior, ib. Kizng's (now Columbia) College, New York City, 1., John, of Nsew York, an eminent lawyer, 99, note, Kiny, Rufus, delegate to the "(DConvention," 48. One of 110. Member of Congress, 166, note. His residence, ib. Sullivan's aids, in 1778, 48. Marries Mary, daughter Lees', Tobias. Washington's private secretary, 146, 18, 188, of John Alsop, 30, note, 99, 100. John Adams's letter 196. W.'s letters to, respecting the removal from New to, on the occasion, 100. Social position of the family York to Philadelphia, 238; a wine-cooler, 246; a of, 91, 99, and note. Character and personal appear- coachman, 247; horses, 281. His walks with W., 809, ance of, 48, 52, 89. His place of residence, 30, 100. 3810. Jefferson refers to, 319. Mrs. Lear, 250. 398 INDT J) E X. Lee, Arthur, 99, note, 130. Sarah Van Brugh marries John Jay; Stsan marries -, Governor Henry, of Virginia, Washington's letter John Cleve Symmes; Catherine marries Matthew Ridto, on the Pennsylvania insurrection, 297. ley; and Judith marries John W. Watkins, 97. Char—, Richard Bland, of Virginia, Member of Congress, acter and appearance of, 54. 167, mote. His residence itn New York, 167, note. Livsingston, Mrs. Judge (Brockholst), and Misses Maria and Uncle of John Randolph, 208. Eliza, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. -, Richard Henry (President of Congress), 78. U. S. Lloyd family, of Philadelphia, 11. Senator, 119, 166, nzote. Member of the Committee on Logan family, of Philadelphia, its high standing, 11. the Inauguration, 139. Remarks on, by John Quincy Loengfellow, Henry W., his mansion at Camabridge, formerAdams, 79. In Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. ly Washington's head-quarters, 186, note. His son Thomas marries Mildred, daughter of Angus- Lossisng, Benson J., his Field Book of the Revolution retine Washington, 105. ferred to, 275, note., William, Washington's servant, 239. Louis TIV;., folly of, in revoking the edict of Nantes, 65., Mrs., daughter of Rev. Dr. Buckminster, her me- LosEis XVI, of France, Mrs. Bingham at the Court of, 256. moir of him, quoted, 196. A bust of, in the house of Washington, 294. Presents Leech, Miss Mary, marries Richard D. Spaight, 105. No- to Congress "fiull length portraits of the King and tice of, 105. Queen of France," 122. Leney, Joshua, of Maryland, marries Miss Nicholson, 103. Louis Pleilippe, d'Orleans, in America, 330, 331. Notice Leona'ed, George, of Massachusetts, Member of Congress, of, ib. Is joined by two of his brothers, 330. One of his place of residence in New York, 166, tote. the visitorss of Miss Vining, at Wilmington, 21, note *. Levees, of Mfrs. Washington, at New York, 165, 215; and Lowther, Miss, marries John Page, M. C., of Virginia, 102. at Philadelphia, 270. Loyalists, character of, in 1775, 16. Extracts from a poem Lewis, Francis, of New York, Member of the Social Club, by one, 17-19. 148, note. Ludlow family, of New York, tories, residences of, 80, note*,, Morgan (afterward Governor of New York), one 01, note t. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel, in Mrs. Jay's Invitaof the attorneys of the Supreme Court, 175. Member tion-list, 99, seote. Daniel, George, and William, memof the Social Club, 148, note. Takes a prominent part bers of the Social Club, 148, note. in the Constitution-celebration, 110; and the Inanugra- Lzseerne, Chevalier de la, his festival at Philadelphia, in tion festival, 139. He and Mrs. L. in Mrs. Jay's Invi- honor of the Dauphin, 19. Account of the dancingtation-list, 99, nzote. room, fireworks, company, and supper, on the occasion,, Mrs., sister of Washington, 179, 805. 19-21. A dinner at the house of, described by ChasLiacouert. See Rochefoucasslcd. tellux, 878. Public dinner (1783) to, given by Gov. Lincoln, General, one of the Commissioners to negotiate Clinton, 2. An American officer's description of Washwith the Creek Indians, 224. ington at this dinner, 3, note. Marbois, Secretary of Linn, Rev. Dr. Wm., of New York, 138, note, 175. Notice legation under, 81, szote. Washington's farewell letter of, 175, 176. John Blair L., son of, 176. to (1784), 83. Lispenarc, Leonard and Anthony, members of the Social Lyqnc7h, Mrs. Dominick, 156, 164. Club, 148, note. —, Thomas, of South Carolina, a representative at tho Listos, Mr., British Minister, 33881, 844. He and Mhrs. L. Congress of 1765, 72. at Washington's farewell dinner, 362, 363. Livermore, Samuel, New Hampshire, Member of Congress, his place of residence in New York, 166, note. Liviszgstos family, of New York, their standing, and resi- 3i~Call, family, of Philadelphia, 256. Archibald, George, dence, 31, stote *, 204. Samuel, sen., and Samuel, jun., subscribers for the, Edward, of New York, one of the Attorneys of the Phila. dancing assembly, in 1748, 13. The mansion of Supreme Court, 175. Marries Mary McIvers, 104. Archibald McC., 261. Mrs. Lydia, and Misses Molly,, John, and Henry, of New York, members of the Peggy, and Nelly McC., among the "belles and damnes" Social club, 148, szote. of Philadelphia in 1757, 13., Rev. Dr. John H., of New York, pastor of the Re- McCosnmb family, of New York, 164, 168. Washington ocformed Dutch Church (1789), 138, sote, 175. cupies the commodious house of Mr. McC., in Broad-, John R., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation List, 99, sote. way, 168. Peter Van Brugh, Mrs., sister of Lord Stirling, McCormick, Daniel, his bachelor's hall in Wall-street, New Washington dances with, 156. York, 31. The friend of Col. Win. S. Smith, 91., Philo, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. AicGillivray, a celebrated Indian Chief, notice of, 223, 225. —, Robert Cambridge, the widow of, marries the Brit- 2~fcHensry, of Maryland, a delegate to the " Convention," 67. ish Colonel Crawford, 32, note *. lfcllvaine, David and William, subscribers for the Phila-, Robert R. (afterward Chancellor of the State of delphia dancing assembly (1748), 13. Mrs. McI., one New York), one of the Attorneys of the Supreme Court, of the Philadelphia "dames," in 1757, 13. 175. Member of the Moot, and of the Social Club, 148, Mclntos7h, General, with Washington at Charleston and Sanote. Is in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, sote. Ad- vannah, 281. ministers to Washington his oath of office, 140, 141. Is Jc:elveits, Mary, marries Edward Livingston, 104. present at the Inauguration Ball, 154. His residence, f~icKeasc family, of Philadelphia, 12, 272. 146. - Mrs. L., pays her compliments to Mrs. --, Thomas, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, takes part Washington. in the " Constitution-celebration," 106. His conversa-, Walter, one of the Commissioners of the Treasury, tion with Madison, on the official title of the chief 130. magistrate, 153. -—, William, Governor of New Jersey, delegate from —, Sally (afterward Marchioness d'Yrujo), 1387, stote. New Jersey to the " Convention," 54. Attempt (1779) Daughter of Chief Justice McIK., 33882. Miss Ingersoll's of British troops to capture him, 54, stote. His man- letter to, on the Inauguration, 137. Her remarks on sion, "Liberty Hall," 54. His remarks on fashionable Mrs. Washington's first levee at Philad., 270. Marries life in New York, 83. Extract from his letter (August, Don Carlos Martinez, Marquis d'Yrujo, 333. Notice of, 1779) tqo li dauighter Catherine, 4, note. His daughter 333. Her son's eminence, ib. INDEX. 399 lcPTavish, Mrs., of Baltimnore, daughter of Richard Caton, Mattheos, George, of Georgia, member of Congress, (1789,) and widow of the British consul, 209, note *. his residence in New York, 167, note. M~acam lsay, Catherine, Washington's letter to, 248. Marvwell, Mrs. Jas. H., often danced with Washington, 156. Mfileccimen family, of Philadelphia, 13, note. Robert M., Macynze, Simon, maternal grandfather of Anne Harrison, 14. one of the subscribers for the Philadelphia dancing Mazzei, Philip, the correspondent of Jefferson, 879. His assembly, in 1748, 13. remarks on society in Virginia, 879. Biographical no3~acrlay, William, of Pennsylvania, U. S. Senator (1789), tice of, ib. his residence in New York, 166, note. Mercer, John, of Maryland, delegate to the " Convention," 31acmebbin, Mr1s. James, with Washington opens (Dec. 20, 66. Notice of, ib.'83) a ball at Annapolis, 4, and note. Mereditrl, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. MJaddow family, of Philadelphia, 12. Mefflin family, of Philadelphia, 12. Mactison, James, of Virginia (afterward President of the -—, General Thomas (afterward Governor of PennsylU. S.), delegate to the "Convention," 69. One of the vania), a delegate to the " Convention," 59. President authors of the "Federalist," 118. Member of Congress, of Congress, 5. His tribute to Washington, ib. Is pres119, 222. Was a fellow student of Freneau, 285. His ent at the festival in honor of the Dauphin, 21. Is a tour with Jefferson, 284. Iis conversation with Judge witness of the proceedings at a democratic dinner, 294. McKean, on the official title of the Chief Magistrate, Notices of, 59, 90. Fennell's anecdote of, 816, note. 153. Marries Mrs. Todd (Dolly Payne, the Quaker- Millar, Miss, marries Sir Peyton Skipwith, 104, 105. ess), 339. Character and personal appearance of, 69. MillZer, Rev. Dr. Samuel, of New York, 29. Is commended by Brissot, 89. His sister marries Ro- 2Milseoi, Rev. Dr. James, 266. Notice of, 266, note. bert Rose. His place of residence in New York, 166, Mirabeau, his eulogy on Franklin, 222. zotes. Mirasndla, Gen., his polite notice of Miss Yining, 21, note. Mails, measures by the government, for the transmission Mitchell, Dr. Samuel Latham, of New York, story of his of, 117, note. causing the destruction of the city's trees, 227. Mr. M. Malasnd family, 13, note *. John M., a subscriber for the in the Invitation-list of Mrs. Jay, 99, note. Philadelphia dancing assembly (1748), 13. Monroe, James, Minister to France, 356. His opinion of Malbone, Edward G., miniature painter, 356. the people of Philadelphia, 251. Xandrillose, Joseph, his description of Washington's per- --, Peter Jay, Mrs., dowager Lady Hayes, 210, note. sonal appearance, 873. Montpensier, Due de, brother of Louis Philippe, in AmeM~ansion HIaozse, the residence of Wm. Bingham, at Phila- rica, 830, 331. delphia, 259. Its arrangement and decorations, 262. Montgomery, Mrs. (of New York), widow of General Rich-.Manqtfoacterses, domestic, Washington clothed in, on his ard M., in the first circles of society, 91, 98, note, 164. At Inauguration, 140; on the opening of the second ses- the Inauguration Ball, 156. sion of Congress, 217; and Mrs. Washington at Balti- ----, Miss, her description of Miss Vining, 21, enote.* Her more, 161. account of the journey from Wilmington to New York, Marbois, M. Barbe (afterward Marquis de), French 119; and of a wedding at the Rutgers Mansion, 102, note1t. Charg6 d'affaires, 81, 261. Washington's kind regard Atoor, family, of Philadelphia, 11. for, 83. Marries Miss Moore, of Philadelphia, sister of, Andrew, of Va., member of Congress, 167, note. Col. Moore, 81, note, 262. Washington's letter to, on the —, Rev. (afterward Right Rev.) Benjamin, one of the occasion, 82, note. Notices of, 81, note, 82. His daugh- New York clergy, in 1789, 138, nzote. ter, wife of the Duke de Plaisance, 82, note. Supersed-, John, of New York, a member of the Social Club, ed by Louis Wm. Otto, 82, 83. 148, note. Marie Antoinette, converses with Mr. Jefferson respecting --, Colonel Thomas Lloyd, of Philadelphia, 261 262. Miss Vining, 21, snote *. Revolting picture of, displayed M. Marbois marries the sister of, 81, 262. as a sign, 295. 2Mroot, The, a club at New York, 148, note. 1Vlarks, Mrs., and Miss Fanny, in the list (1757) of Phila- Mboravsians, See Bethlehem. delphia "belles and damese, 18. M~orrill, Rev. Mr., of the Methodist Church, one of the [Marriages, mode of conducting,in New England in 1787, 47. clergy of New York in 1789, 138, note. MarshCall, Christopher, his diary quoted, 163. Morris family, of Philadelphia, 11; and of New York,, Thomas M. (brother of the Chief Justice), one of 81, note *. the boon companions of John Randolph, 267. --, Gouverneur, of New York, an Attorney of the Su—, Miss M., marries Dr. Caspar Wistar, 104. preme Court, 175. Member of the Moot club, and the Marston family, of New York, tories, their residence, 81, Social Club, 148, note. His style of living, 339. J. Q note'. Mr. J. M., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Adams's description of a dinner party given by, ib. Mjllrtin, Luther, of Maryland, delegate to the " Conven- Delegate to the "Convention," 57. Notice of, 58. tion," 66. Notice of, 66. Ml1orris, Robert, of Philadelphia, the financier, delegate to ----—, Governor of North Carolina, his translation of Sir the " Convention," 57. Supplies ordnance and ammuniWm. Draper's Latin lines at Governor Tryon's "pal- tion for the army, ib. Business partner of Mr. Wilace," 275, note. ling, 255. Senator of the U. S., 17S9, 166, note. His Martisnez. See Yrstjo. sumptuous dinners, 271. His part in the removal of Maryland, State of, ratifies (1788) the " Constitution," 105. the seat of government to Phila., 284; and to the Dis- Gazette, a newspaper published at Annapolis, de- trict of Columbia, 233. The Patron of Pine, the painscribes Washington's farewell to Congress, 6. ter, 352. Is caricatured, 233. Notice of, 57. Botta's Mason, Rev. John, of New York, 188, ceote, 176. - Mrs. Robert, entertains Mrs. Washington, 162. Ac-—, Rev. John M., the great pulpit orator, 176. companies her to New York, 163. N otable for her family ---, M1:, Mrs., and Mr., jr., of New York, in Mrs. Jay's arrangements, 245. With John Jay at the Theatre, 817. Invitation-list, 99, zeote. M~orton, Mrs., of Boston, wife of the Attorney Gen. of Mass., ---—, Mr., of Virginia, U. S. Senator, furnishes a copy of 849. Her character and poetic writings, 9, 850, 351. Jay's treaty, for publication in Bache's " Aurora," 301. Moultrie, General. of South Carolina, Washington dines at XMassach7bsetts, appoints delegates to meet at Annapolis, 44. the house of, in Charleston, 280. Ratifies (1788) the constitution, 105. Cultivated state Movnt Desert, Maine, said to be the birth-place of Talleyof society in, in 1787, 45. rand, 325. 400 INDEX. Mfount Vernon, 6, 36, 228, 283. NlVorris family, of Philadelphia, 11. Monstier, Marquis de, French Minister, illumination of his Northb, Major Win., of New York. 99, note, 110. house, on occasion of the Inauguration, 145, 157. HIis Norti CGarolin:a, appoints delegates to meet at Annapolis, ball in honor of the President, 157, 15S. Dines with 44. Accepts the Constitution, 21T. State of society Washington, 164. Is in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, in, 64. " Scotch Irish " population of, 64.'note. Notice of, 83, snote, 92. Northley, a Quaker, of Salem, Mass., his characteristic saluJlfushlenberfy, Frederick Augustus, of Pennsylvania (Speak- tation of Washington, 194. er of the House of Representatives), Member of Congress (1789), 119, 164, 166, ssote. Boards at New York, O. with the Rev. Dr. Kunzie, 176, smote *., General Peter, of Pennsylvania, Member of Con- Ogden, Rev. Mr., of Queen's Chapel, Boston, 196. gress (1789), note. Letter to, from Dr. Rush, on the, Miss, a celebrated beauty, notice of, 80. removal of the seat of government to Philadelphia, 232, Oysbhry, Francis, hardware and fancy shop of, 80. His remarks and vote, on the official title of the Presi- Oldmixos, Sir John, the Bath beau, his reverse of fortune, dent, 153, 154. 317. Lady O., formerly Miss George, is a player on the,Music in America, remarks on, by Brissot, 10; and by Philadelphia stage, 317. Chastellux, 318. Osblnrn, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia " dames," 13. Osgood, Samuel, of New York (Postmaster General), 181. N. Prepares the house at New York, intended for the occupation of President, 167. Standing of his family, Naotes, edict of, the folly of Louis XIV. in revoking it, 65. 99, nLote, 203. One of the Commissioners of the TreaVNaploleon, Ceracchi is put to death, for attempting to as- sury, 130. Postmaster-General, 181. Genet marries sassinate, 354. His tribute to Washington, 146. his daughter, 296, note. Nassaut Hrall (College of New Jersey), 7, 231, 288, 298. Oswald, Mrs., and Misses Peggy, Betty, and Molly, among NVational Gazette, a journal edited by Freneau, 288, 289, 292. the Philadelphia " belles and dames," of 175T, 13. Mrs. National Assembly of France, resolves to wear mourning 0., one of the elite, 23. for Franklin, 223. Otis, Harrison Gray, of Massachusetts, son of the Secretary National Bank. See Baszsk, National. of the U. S. Senate, 337. Marries (1790) Sally Foster, VNe-etrality, address commending Washington's proclama- 3387. Member of Congress (1797), ib. tion of, 293, 294. —, Mrs. -alrrison Gray, her beauty, &c., 337. New England, characteristic traits of the character, intel-, James, of Boston, 8, 191. Mrs. Mercy Warren, his lectual and social, of the people, 45, 65, 66. Habits, sister, 199. manners, dress, 45, 46. Washington's tour to, 183. —, Samuel A., of Boston, Secretary of the Senate, 146, New Hcampshire, appoints delegates to meet at Annapolis, 166, note. Mrs., notice of, 337. 44. Ratifies (1788) the Constitution, 105. President Otto, Louis Guillaume (,afterward Comte de Mosloy), and Council of, give a dinner to Washington, 197. French Charg cl'affaires, supersedes Marbois, 88. CharNew Haven, Connecticut, presents John Adams with the acter and domestic connections of, 93, 94, note, 99, scote. freedom of the city, 128. Oxofordc, young Americans, scholars at. at the beginning of New Jersey, sends delegates to Annapolis, 43. Ratifies the Revolution, 7. the Constitution, 105. College of, see Nassaun Hall. New Year's Caolls, the custom of making, introduced by the Dutch and the Huguenots, 214. Washington's remark on the custom, 216. Paca, Governor, accompanies Washington (1783) on his,New Yotrk, State of, sends Commissioners to Annapolis, way from Annapolis to Mount Vernon, 6. 43. Ratifies the Constitution, 112. Page, John, of Virginia, Member of Congress, 153,166, note. —, City, the seat of government, 203, 231. Evacuated Marries Miss Lowther, 102. His favorable opinion of (1883) by the British, 2. Dr. Duer's particular de- the morality of New York, 232. scription of its appearance, at that time, 2T ss. Rava- Paise, Robert Treat, his poetical epistle to Mrs. Mortonl, ges of the great fire in 1776, 28, scote.i Account of, in quoted, 350. An imitator of Merry, 351. 1788, 86. Dr. Belknap's journey from, to Philadelphia, —, Thomas, J. Q. Adams dines with, 82. His insulting 116, 11T, 119. Rapid increase of its population and public letter to Washington, 360. prosperity, 7.-Social refinement of, at the beginning Painting and painters in America, account of, 351-356. of the Revolution, 7; and in 1789, 203. Topographical Parker, Josiah, of Virginia, Member of Congress (1789), condition, in 1788, 102, and note t. Commercial pros- 166, scote. perity, in 1789, 226. Rates of living, in, 206. Numer- Partridge, George, of Mass., Member of Congress (1789), ous weddings in, in 1787, 1788, 102. Gayety and dissi- 166, nsote. pation of, 22, 207; card-playing, 28; costume, 24, 25; Pasqzin, Anthony (John Williams), driven from England light behavior, 23, 24; the theatre, 213. State of reli- to America, 350. gion, 207. J. Q. Adams's remarks on life in, 79, 80. Paterson, Wm., of New Jersey, U. S. Senator, 166, note. New Year's Calls, 214. Absurd conduct of the Mayor Patterson, Robert, of Baltimore, a wealthy merchant, marand Corporation, in cutting down trees, 226, 227. Re- ries the eldest daughter of Richard Caton, 209, note *. ception of the President, 133.-Principal streets of, 166, Payne, Dolly, marries Mr. Todd, a Quaker, 339. Is a very note, 167, note.-Prospects of, 7. gay widow, ib. Marries James Madison, afterward Niagara Falls, visited by Louis Philippe, and brothers, 331. President of the U. S., ib. Notice of, 339. Nicholson, Comnmodore, 110, 111, 130. Peace with Great Britain (1783), 1. Nieenewiez, the poet, Rochefoucauld's notice of, 333, 8334. Peale, Charles Wilson, of Philadelphia, painted fourteen Noailles, Viscount de, comes to America, in 1793, 322. portraits of Washington, 355. His mezzotint engravBrother-in-law of Lafayette, 322. Attends Mrs. Wash- ing of Washington, ib. ington's drawing-room, ib. The story of his being —, James, painted two portraits of Washington, 35.5. closeted with the President, ib. His proposed settle- —, Rembrandt, painted a portrait of Washington, 355 ment on the Susqulehanna, 322. An entertainment at Pearsall family, of New York, residence of, 33, note. his unpretending quarters in Philadelphia, 323. Peszmbertonc family, of Philadelphia, 11. INDEX. 401 Penn, Wm., founder of Pennsylvania, came to America in I Pine, Robert Edge, painter, visits America, 852. His obo the "Welcome," 11. His death, in 1718, 12. His suc- ject, 36, 852. Portrait of Washington by, 351, 352; and cessors become churchmen, 12. of Garrick, 352. His cast of the Venus do' Medici, 852. -, family, of Philadelphia, loyalists, 16. Mrs. P. (1783), Notice of him, his wife, and daughters, 352. one of the elite of Philadelphia, 23. Her costume, 25. Pinta'crd, Mr., Mrs., and Miss, in Mrs. Jay's InvitationPenneery, Mrs., one of the Phila. " dames," in 1757, 18. list, 91, 99, azote. Major P., of New York, 123. John Pesnnsylvasice, the founder of, comes to America in the P., of N]ew York, his account of Washington's receiving "Welcome," 11. Death (1118) of the founder of, 12. New Year's Calls, 214. Sends Commissioners to Annapolis, 43. Ratifies (1788) Pitt, the elder, statue of, at New York, 30. the Constitution, 105. Insurrection (1794), 297. Ex- Plaisacce, Duc de, son of Le Brun, marries the grandecutive Council of, pass resolutions on the death of daughter of Mr. Moore, of Philadelphia, 82,,note. Franklin, 222. Desires the removal of the seat of gov- Platt, Colonel Richard, Chief Marshal at the New York ernment from New York to Philadelphia, 231. Con- " Constitstion-celebration," 110. siders (1785) the subject of licensing theatres, 213. Plzensnted family, of Philadelphia, 12. Win. P., a subscriWashington's property in, 304. ber for the dancing assembly, in 1748, 13, ssote. Miss Penssnyfisjiittes, Miss, one of the " belles," in 1757, 13, Betty P., one of the "belles," in 1757, 13, asote. Perkins, Dr. Benj. Douglass, of Connecticut. J. Adams's Poelzeitz, Baron, takes part in the New York "Constituaccount of him and his tractors, 347. Mrs. Washington's tion-celebration," 110. story of, 847, 348. His great success in London, 848. Politics, reflections on, 36T, 868. -, Thomas H., of Boston, marries Sally Elliot, 104. Polyceen, James, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dance Perry, Anne, marries Peter S. Duponceau, 105. ing assembly, in 1748, 13, note. Peters family, of Philadelphia, 12. Win. P. and Richard P. Ponteves, Viscount, the French admiral, reception of subscribers for the dancing assembly, in 1748, 13. Washington by, at Boston, 190, 191, 192., Judge Richard, 127. Notice of, 264, 265. Pope, Mr., his Planetarium in the Philosophy Room at, Mrs., granddaughter of Mrs. Washington, 865. Cambridge, 193, note. Phliladelphi,a, distinguished families from Scotland arrive --, the poet, his mention of Win. Shippen, 15, note j. (1140 to 1745) at, 12. Subscription-list of the dancing Portsmousth, New Hampshire, Washington's reception at, assembly held (1148) in, 13. Dr. Belknap's journey to, 195. Refined state of society at (1789), 196. Private 116. Stage-coaches from New York to, 117, seote. The carriages, and liveries, ib. largest town in America, at the beginning of the Revo- Portug',eese ifinister. See Frs'ere. lution, 11. Celebrates (1788) the ratification of the Post, Dr. Wright, a popular physician of New York, 177. Constitution, 106. The metropolis, 263. Effects of the Powell, Samuel, of Philadelphia, 211. Standing of the famremoval of the seat of government to, 237. Reception ily of, 256, 260. Uncle of Mrs. Bingham, 260. Pallof Washington at, 127; and of Mrs. W., 161. W.'s bearer at Dr. Franklin's funeral, 221, note. birth-day celebrated at, 217. Emotion at, produced by -—, Mrs., the intimate friend of Mrs. Washington, the death of Franklin, 221. Reception of the Creek 819, 337. Indians at, (1790), 224. The old Congress insulted Pratt, Mr. and Miss, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, nzote. (1783) by mutineers, adjourns to Princeton, 231. Ge- Prescott family, of Boston, ancient and distinguished, 8. net's reception at, 292, 298. Mob, on account of Jay's Literary fame of, ib. treaty, 307. Freneau's charge against the physicians Prevost, Mrs., widow of a British officer, marries Aaron of, 314, note. Yellow fever at (1793), 314. Markets, Burr, 174. 238. Fashionable shops, 268. Women retailers, 268, Price, Benj., a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing assLote. Currency used in trade, 268, note. Rapid in- sembly, in 1748, 13. crease of the population of, T. Social refinement, at the Pr1iestley, Dr. Joseph, in America, in 1794, 328. Supports beginning of the Revolution, 7, 11, 163, seote. Cele- the French interest, ib. Is disappointed, and retires to brated fetes, 19. Assembly Room, S. Theatre, 315. Northumberland, Pennsylvania, 324. Thomas Cooper, Pleasure excursions to Gray's Ferry, 162, eote. Danc- the intimate friend of, 324. ing and gambling, 271. Prodigality, 2172. Fashionable Pr'ieetosn, New Jersey, the old Congress remove (1183) to, life in, described by Miss Vining, 22; Chastellux, 8; 281. See Neassau I-iall. Brissot, 85. Beaujour's description of the inhabitants, Prisoens of Philadelphia, a work treating of, published by 11. Female beauties of, 257. Women of, compared Rochefoucauld, 330. by Chastellux with those of Boston, 8. Mrs. Bingham's Protector of Liberties, a proposed title of the Chief Magissway, 203. Quakeresses, 268. Costume of the women trate of the U. S., 152. of, 818. Brides for several foreign ministers, furnished Proud, Robert, of Philadelphia, schoolmaster and histoby, 332. Rochefoucauld publishes a work on the prisons rian, notice of, 264. of, 330. Prlovidence, Rhode Island, Washington's enthusiastic rePhillips family, of Philadelphia, loyalists, 16. Of New ception at, 227. York, 203. The family mansion of, 30. Providence qf God, recognized, in the formation of the -, Mrs. IIenry, a great favorite with Washington, 3889. "Convention," 75; and the election of Washington, Physicians, popular, of New York, in 1789, 177. Flight of, 114. Recognized by Congress, 181. from Philadelphia, (luring the yellow fever, 814, note. Provoost, Dr. Samuel (Bishop of New York), one of the Picklering, Colonel Timothy, Secretary of War, 800, 303. clergy of New York, in 1789, 138,?note. Consecrates Washington's letter to, respecting M. d' Yrujo. Trinity Chuich, in the city of New York, 226. Notice Pierce, Mr. and Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. of, by l)r. John W. Francis, 176, szote t. He and Mrs. Piezckney, Charles, delegate from South Carolina to the P., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, auote. Mrs. P. is at " Convention," 74. Character and personal appearance the Inauguration Ball, 156. She paysher compliments of, 74. Marries Miss Mary Laurens, 104. to Mrs. Washington, 164. —, Charles Cotesworth, delegate from South Carolina Pr'yor family, of New York, residence of, 88, note. to the " Convention," 73. His military exploits, cha- P',eblic Worship, Washington's habit of, 151, 184, 190, 196, racter, and appearance, 73, 74. 226, 280, 310., Mrs., of Charleston, letter of, to lMrs. Cushing, 3381, Peech, lmuch used (1781) in genteel families in New Engszote. land, 46. 01 402 INDEX. Rittenzhouse, David, succeeds Dr. Franklin, as President of the Am. Philosophical Society, 265. Is a pall-bearer at Quatkess, and Quakeresses, remarks on, 11, 194, 232, 266, Franklin's funeral, 221. Takes part in the reception of 267, 268, 269, 298, 318. Genet, 293. Quincy family, of Boston, ancient and distinguished, 8. Riin/gtosn family, of Philadelphia, 11. - -, Josiah, the guest of Oliver Wolcott, 344. Mrs. --, of the Royal Gazette, his residence in New York, Adams's account of, 344, 345. 31, zote. -, Mrs. John Hancock, a member of the Quincy Robbisns, Edward (afterward Governor of Massachusetts), family, 192, note. discovers Talleyrand at Mount Desert, in Maine, 325. Robertson, Mrs., of Philadelphia, one of the " belles and 4R. dames," in 1757, 13. -, General, pays his respects to Miss Franks, 24. Ramsay, Dr. David, of South Carolina, a member of the —, Archibald, of Aberdeen, painter, is introduced to Continental Congress, 79. His writings, quoted, 276, Washington by Earl Buchan, 354. Is bearer of the 277. Earl's present to W., of the " Wallace box," ib. PorRasdall, Captain Thomas, of New York, Washington's trait of W. by, 854. letter to, respecting his barge, 230. Robin, Abb6, his views of society in America, 880. His Randobph, Miss, a Philadelphia'belle," in 175T, 13. description of Washington's personal appearance, 372,, Beverly, Governor of Virginia, 215. 373., Edmund, of Virginia, Attorney General of the U. S., Robinson family, offNew York, loyalists, 16. 181. Secretary of State, 298. Conversation of Wash- Rochambeats, Count, with Washington, on his way to ington and Jefferson, in relation to, 300. His disgrace- Yorktown, 6. Chastellux, a Major General under, 9. ful conduct, in reference to cabinet secrets, Jay's trea- His remarks on the extravagance of women's dress in ty, &c., 301. His detection, 302, 303. His "Vindi- America, 267. cation," 304. Notice of, 207. RochefJbocamld, Duc de la, his views of society in America, -,John, account of his law studies, 266, szote t. 880, 381, 882. His remarks on the extravagant love of His boon companions, 267. His correspondence with pleasure in Charleston, 277; and on ribbons and QuaMrs. Morris, 207, nzote. His praise of Miss Martha Jef- keresses, 267. His description of General Knox, Mrs. ferson, 218, note. Notice of, 207, 208. K., and their daughter, 887. His notice of Kosciusko -, Thomas Mann, of Tuckahoe, marries Martha, and Niemcewicz, 383, 834. Is one of Miss Vining's daughter of Thomas Jefferson, 219. guests, 26, note. His description of Gray's Ferry, 162, Rapeltye, Stephen, of New York, member of the Social note. His most intimate associates, 8339. He and LaClub, 148, note. fayette second Mirabeau's motion in the French NaRasedose, Lord, Washington visits the spot where General tional Assembly, to mourn for Franklin, 223. Thiers's Greene was attacked by, 282. description of, 329. His writings, 380. Notice of, 329. -, M., secretary of X. Gardoqui, 79. Rodgers, Rev. Dr. John, of New York, 29, 138, note, 176. Rawle, Wm., of Philadelphia, 260, 267. Rondos, Mr., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, zsote, Rea, Daniel, the vocalist of Boston, his salutation of Wash- Roosevelt family, of New York, their residence, 8833, note. ington, 189. -—, Isaac, sen., first President of the Bank of New York, Read, George, of Delaware, delegate to the " Convention," 33, note. 60. U. S. Senator (1789), 166, note. His character and Rose, Robert, marries the sister of James Madison, 267. personal appearance, 60, 61. Ross, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia " dames," in 1757, 13. Reade, John, of New York, a member of the Social Club, —, James, of Pittsburg (afterward U. S. Senator), Wash 148, note. ington's agent for the sale of his lands in Pennsylvania, Reed family, of Philadelphia, 12. Mr. R., at the festival in 804, His anecdote of Washington on the appearance honor of the Dauphin, 21. William B. Reed's Memoir of bandolph's Vindication, 305. His beautiful daughof President Reed, quoted, 163, note. ter, 838; an intimate friend of Mrs. Washington, 337. Reily, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia "dames," in 1757, 13. —, Miss Eliza, of Bladensburg, Maryland, marries Religion, Oliver Wolcott's account of, in the City of New Jeremiah Smith, 346. York, in 1789, 207. List of clergymen in the city, in Rush, Dr. Benjamin, of Philadelphia, his account of M. 1189, 138, note. Col. Trumbull's account of the con- Luzerne's fete in honor of the Dauphin, 20, 21. His tempt of, exhibited by Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Giles, opinion of the morals of New York, 232. Retires 340-342. See St. Padl's Cholel. (1795) from public life, 264. Mrs. R. at the Dauphin Resoluetiosn, American, dates of its beginning and end, 1. fete, 20. Revolstionary War. See War of the Revolution. —, Judge Jacob, of Philadelphia, takes part in the Reynolds, Sir Joshua, his remarks on portrait painting, "Constitution-celebration," 106. quoted, 356. --, Richard, of Philadelphia, his recollections of WashRhode Islancd, State of, appoints Commissioners to meet at ington, 311, 312. His anecdote of Washington's attachAnnapolis, 44. Sends no delegates to the " Convention," ment to Lafayette, 335; and remarks on his residence, 50. Is visited in 1789, by Washington, 227; who is 242. note. His tribute to Washington, 242, note. His divertingly confounded with President Manning of the notice of Mrs. Bradford, 388, nzote. College of, 185. Rutgers, Colonel, of New York, his mansion and grounds, Richardson, Miss Jeany, one of the Philadelphia " belles," 225. Marriage of his daughter, ib. in 1757, 1.3. Retherford, John, and Mrs., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, -, Rev. Wm., maternal uncle of Wm. R. Davie, 70. 99, note. Ric7hmond, Virginia, Washington's reception at, 275. His Rutledge, John, of So. Carolina, delegate to the " Convenstatue, 353. Celebration of his Birth-day, in 1790, 217. tion," 72. At the Congress in 1765, 72. Judge of the Richmond till, 168, 174. Supreme Court of the U. S., 181. Character, history, Ricketts, Mr., his circus at Philadelphia, visited by Wash- and appearance of, 72, 73. His sister marries William ington, 319, 320, and nzote. Smith, 339. Ridley, Matthew, marries Kitty, daughter of Governor Rye, New York, the estate of Mr. Jay at, 188. Mrs. Jay Wm. Livingston, of New Jersey, 97. buried there, 317, note. IN D E X. 403 Shippen, Joseph, of Philadelphia, subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs. Joseph,St. Clair, General Arthur, meets Washington on his way S., one of the Philadelphia "dames," in 1757, 18. to Philadelphia, 127. Is present at the Inauguration, -, family, of Philadelphia, 11, 12,15, note, 256. Ed140. Dines with Washington, 164. ward, grandfather of Mrs. Anne Willing, 15. Judge St. Glain, M. de, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Edward, 264. Chief Justice, 261. St. Paul's Chapel, New York, the largest and most fre- Siddons, Mrs., sister of Mrs. Whitlock, the actress, 817. quented in the city, 81. J Q. Adams attended service Silnor, Lynford, subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing there, in 1785, 80. President Washington, Vice Presi- assembly, in 1748, 13. dent Adams, and the Senators, Representatives, and Sieyes, Abb6, Pres. of the French National Assembly, letter Heads of Departments, attended prayers there, imme- of, to Washington on the death of Franklin, 223. diately after the Inauguration, 144, 145. Hamilton's Sims family, of Philadelphia, 12. Joseph and Buckridge, Oration on General Greene, delivered there, 177, 178. snbscribers for the dancing assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs., Salete, Massachusetts, Washington's reception at, 194. His one of the Philadelphia " dames," in 1757, 13. birth-day celebrated at, 217. Sinnickson, Thomas, New Jersey, Member of Congress, in Salisbsrsy, Lady, Mrs. Adams describes the appearance of, 17S9, 166, note. 258. Skipwith7, Sir Peyton, married Miss Millar, 104, 105. Saratoga, New York, Jefferson and Madison visit the Sszallwoood, General, escorts Washington, at Annapolis, 4 battle-field of, 284. Washington and Governor George Smith, Mrs. George, one of the Philadelphia " dames," in Clinton contemplate the purchase of the springs of, 35. 1757, 13. Scardam, Holland, Peter the Great works (1697) in the —, Jeremiah, of New Hampshire (afterward Judge of dock-yard at, 243. the Supreme Court), the friend of Wolcott, Ames, and Sausseurse, M. de, one of Mr. Jay's guests, 91. Sedgwick, 345. Playful correspondence with Ames, Savage, Edward, painter, portrait of Washington by, 858. 806. His description of the low state of morals in Sacvasnsahls, Georgia, defence of, in 1799, 281. Reception Philadelphia, 252, 271. His flirtations, and love ditty, of Washington at, 280, 281. 845, 846. Notice of, 845. Schlegel, Augustus von, his remark on authorship, quoted, --, Mr. and Mrs. Melancthon, of New York, in Mrs. 367. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Schserenmanc, James, of New Jelsey, Member of Congress,, — Colonel, Winm. S., of New York, of the Smith famiin 1789, 166, note. ly of Jamaica, Long Island, 91. Is engaged to Miss Schoemler, General, father of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton, Adams, only daughter of John A., 80, 170. Marries Mrs. Van Rensselaer, and Mrs. Church, 324. In Mrs. her (1786), 91, 100. Returns to America, 101. Hires Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. a farm on Long Island, 97. Schzuylkill Rives, celebrated by a poet, 162, note. Con- -—, Mrs. Colonel Win., extracts from letters of, 91, 92, trasted with the Hudson, by Mrs. Adams, 249. 94. Her account of public measures, and public men, Scotch Irish settlement in North Carolina, character of, 64. 1788, 96. She describes Governor and Mrs. Clinton,, families, arrive at Philadelphia, about 1740-45, 12, 94, 95. Her opinion of Miss Mlartha Jefferson, 218, Scott, Thomas, of Pennsylvania, Member of Congress in note. Her account of frequent dinner-parties, 96. Her 1789, 166, note. remarks on the women of Philadelphia, in contrast Scriba, Captain, his German Grenadiers at the Inaugura- with those of Boston, 259. General Armstrong's notice tion, 139. of, 101. J. Q. Adams writes verses in the scrap-book of Seagsosve, James, of New York, a member of the Social her granddaughter, 171, note. Club, 148, note. -, Miss Sally, J. Q. Adams's opinion of, 81. Sears, Mr., and family, guests of Mrs. Jay, 99, note. Miss —, Rev. Dr. Wm., of Philadelphia, Provost of the S. dines with Gen. Knox, 79. tIer personal appear- University of Pennsylvania, is appointed by the Ameance described by J. Q. Adams, 79. rican Philosophical Society, to deliver a discourse on Seat of Governsnent, under the Constitution. at New Franklin, 212, 226. York, 118 ss. Its removal to Philadelphia, 231 ss, 251. --, Winm., of South Carolina, Member of Congress, in Sedgiwick, Theodore, of New York, Member of Congress, 1789, 167, note. A prominent Federalist, and man of in 1789, 166, s/note. A guest at Mr. Jay's, 91. J. Q. fashion, 8839. Accompanies Washington in his Eastern Adams calls on, in 1785, 78. tour (1789), 277. Marries a sister of John Rutledge, -, Mrs. S., at the first levee in Philadelplia,.270. No- 889. Portrait of her, by Woolaston, 159, note. tice of her, ib. —, William, of Maryland, Member of Congress, in Segar. See iC'gar. 1789, 166, ezote. Seisos, Rev. Gershom, of New York, in charge of the —, Jeremiah, of New Hampshire, marries Miss Ross, Jewish congregation there, in 1789,188, note. of Bladensburg, 346, 347. Seney, Joshua, of Maryland, Member of Congress in 1789, Sober family, of Philadelphia, 18, note. John S., a sub166, note. scriber for the Philadelphia assembly, in 1748, 13. Serene Highness, a proposed title of the President of the Mrs. S., one of the Philadelphia " dames " in 1757, 13. U. S, 158. Social CleZb, of New York, list of members of, 148, ezote. Setorn, Miss, marries John Vining, M. C., of Delaware, 102. Society, refined, in America, at the beginning of the ReSevern River, Maryland, the President and his suite meet volntion, 7. State of, then, at Boston, 9, 10; at New with an accident on, 274. York, 7; Philadelphia, 7, 8, 11, 12. In New England, Seyseemour, Julia, Trumbull's portrait of, 854. in 1787, 45; habits, manners, dress, dinners, suppers, Sha7w, Mrs. (sister of Mrs. Adams), Mrs. Adams's letter to, cards, music, 46. At Portsmoutlh, Mrs. Lee's descripdescribing Richmond Hill, 168. tion of, 196. Elegant, at New York, 203; WashingShermac, Roger, of Connecticut, Delegate to the " Conven- ton's reception-days, 165; he seldom at balls, and Mrs. tion," 50. Member of Congess in 1789, 119, 166, note. W. never once, in New York, 204. Amusing descripPlayfullly referred to, by John Armstrong, 122, note. tion of, by Miss Franks, 22-24; and by General ArmPresent at the Inauguration, 140. Character and per- strong, 101, 102; Oliver Wolcott's account of the rates sonal appearance of, 50, 51. One of the Signers of the of living, in New York, 206, 207. Intellectual and Declaration of Independence, 50. refined, at Philadelphia, according to Miss Vining and 404 INDEX. Miss Franks, 22. Brissot's views of it, 85; Lauzun's, Swift, John, of Philadelphia, a subscriber for the dancing 253. State of, in the Southern States, 61 ss. In Vir- assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs., one of the "dames," in ginla, a class of first families, 62; landed estates, 1757, 18. ib.; aristocracy, 61; castes, 62, 63; spirit of hospitality, —, Zephaniah, of Hartford, one of the classmates of Oli63. In North Carolina, 64. In South Carolina, 64, 65; ver Wolcott, 205. the influence of the French element in, 65, 276. Sylvester, Peter, of New York, Member of Congress, in Characteristic traits of, in the North and in the South, 1789, 166, note. 65, 66. Views of American, by Beaujour, 882, 883; Symsssmes, John Cleve, marries Susan, daughter of Governor Chastellux, 378; Mazzel, 879; Robin, 880; Rocham- William Livingston, of New Jersey, 97. Mrs. S., in beau, 877; Rochefoucauld, 380-382; Talleyrand, 882; Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, osote. Volne3?, 88S2. S8derst'rosze, M., Swedish Consul at New York, 81. Solns, Count de, Washington sends a portrait of himself to, 352. ^?tonazyer, Dulke of, sonl of Marquis d2Yrujo, 882. Taft, Mr. innkeeper near Uxbridge, Massachusetts, WashSouetle Car'olicna, ratifies (1788) the Constitution, 105. Pre- ington's interesting letter to, 198, nore. valence of duelling, in, 276. Opposed to assuming alleyrancd, M. de, visits America, in 1794, 824. His letthe State debts, 232. ters of introduction, 824. His reception in the U. S., Soathlfer-B Toter, by Washington, 2T8. 825. Becomes an American citizen, 325. His place of SpatighBt, Richard PD., of North Carolina, marries Mary residence, 325. Anecdote of M. Beanmet's attempt to Leech, 105. take the life of, 326-328. Story of his scorching his Sproat, Rev. Dr., an eminent Presbyterian clergyman of hbuckkin breeches, 326. His personal appearance and Philadelphia, 266. manners, 326. Lord Brougham's remarks on him as a Stcrpord, Blaron, lmarries a danghter of Mr. Cat~on, of Ba~lti- writer, 382. His admirable description of the Amerimore, 2)09, nsote*. can woodcutter, and the American fisherman, 882. Steadiats f20mily, of Philandelphia, 18, note. Alexander Talon, M., with the Viscount de Noailles, projects a settleand Charles, subscribers for the Philadelphia dancing ment on the Susquehanna, 323. assembly, in 1748, 13. Mrs. A. S. and Mrs. C. S. are Tansmaany Society, or Colnbiai Order, 217, 222, 224. aumong thie " dames " of Philadelphia, in 17A7, 13. Taylors, Abram, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing Stesber, a Baron, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, Foote. Is assembly, in 1748. Mrs. T., one of the Philadelphia present at the Inauguration, 140; and the Ball, 154. "belles and dames," in 1751, 18, General Armstrong's notice of, 101. His poverty, 102. Telfccir Governor, of Georia, reception of Waslhingto President Duer's anecdote of him, in relation to the by, at Augnsta, 282. Doctors':Mob, 102, qnote.Tezlpers-aasce, the leading virtue of republicans, according Stevens, J., of New York, a member of the Social Club, to M. Brissot, 90. See Pu'ntch, and.Dlrandceanzess. 148, aeote. I Temnple, Sir John, British Consul General, residence of, in Stewart, General Walter S., of Philadelphia, 388. Mrs., the city of New York, 32, zote5*. Contradictory acnotices of, 259, 837, 388. counts of, by Chastellux and Robert C. Winthrop, 94. Stiles, Rev. Dr. zlra, President of Yale College, his recep- His conduct towards Colonel and Mrs. Smith, 95. tion of Washington, 184. HIis Latin oration on Frank- Lady T., the daughter of Governor Bowdoin, of Massatin, 222. chusetts, 94. She pays her compliments to Mrs. WashStirliny, Lord, his daughter, Katherine Alexander, marries ington, 164. Sir John and she dine at Mr. Jay's, 92; Colonel William Dner, 21. are in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, enote; and are Lady, at the Inauguration Ball, 155; and pays her present at the Inauguration-ball, 156. Notice of Sir compliments to Mrs. Washington, 164. John, 94. Remark on Lady T., by Chastellux, 94. Stillwaoter, New York, Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison visit - -, Miss, daughter of Sir John and Lady T. (afterward the battlefield of, 284. Mrs. Winthrop), long the reigning belle of Boston, 10, Stockton, Sukey, at the Philadelphia festival in honor of a0te6*. Greatly admired by Lafayette, 10, note; and the Dauphin, 20. by Chastellux, 9. Mother of Robert C. Winthrop, 10, Stosne, Colonel, his description of ladies' costume, in 1789, snote*. Notice of, ib. 155; of the Inauguration Ball, 157. His account of aThaZcsgivyiing and Prayer, Congress request the President Washington's levees, 165, note. to appoint a day of, 181. M —, ichael Jenifer, of Maryland, Member of Congress, Thatcher, George, of Massachusetts, Member of Congress, in 1789, 166, stote. in 1789, 166, naote. Story, Judge, as a poet, was an imitator of Mr. Merry, 351. Thayenedasegyea, an Indian Chief. See Brant. Strong, Caleb, of Massachusetts, Delegate to the " Conven- Theatires, the toleration of, advocated by Robert Morris, tion," 49. U. S. Senator, in 1789, 166, note. His char- and General Wayne, 213; and opposed by the Quakers, acter and personal appearance, 49. 318. A theatre opened (1786) at Philadelphia, 214. SRzrges, Jonathan, of Connecticut, Member of Congress, in Frequently visited (1791 and 1792) by the President 1789, 166, note. and Vice President, with their families, 315. New Stuanst, Gilbert, returns to the U. S. from London, 855. theatre erected in Philadelphia, in 1792, ib.; its manaNumerous portraits of Washington, by, 355. Portrait ger and actors, 815, 316. A theatre opened (1786) at of Volney, by, 333. Washington's note to, 355, uote. New York, 214; William Dunlap's success, as a draMrs. Cushing's mention of, 355, matic writer for, 213, 214; Washington attends, 158, Sselivace, General, President of New Hampshire, reception 159. Mrs. Bingham's failure to secure a private box in of Washington, by, 195-197. Wignell's, 818. See Dramnca. Suanter, Thomas, of South Carolina, Member of Congress, 7leodosia, daughter of Aaron Burr, referred to, 173. in 1789, 167, ncote. T7osnson, Adam, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing Sucndray, observance of (1789), in New York City, 207. assembly, in 1748, 13.,R/preane toe'srt of New York, list of attorneys of, in 1789, - -, Charles, Secretary to Congress, is appointed (April 115 6, 1189) to inform Washington of his election to the Swarn,, Mrs., of New York, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, presidency, 122. Is at Mount Vernon (April 14, 17895, anote. 124. He and Mrs. T. in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. INDEX. 405 Thiers, M., his description of M. de Rochefoucauld, 829. of each State, ib. Debt of, 42. Measures to extinguish Ticonderoga, visited by Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Madison, the debt, ib. Early history of the Constitution of, 48, 284. 44. The first President of, 122; his proposed official Tilyhmnan family, of Philadelphia, 12. titles, 152,153. Treaty ofwith Great Britain, by Jay, 3891. Tilly, Alexandre, Comte de, marries Maria Bingham, 862, Unparalleled progress in population and prosperity, 6, 7. note. Titsss family, of New York, residence of, 33, sote. Todd, Mr., a Quaker, marries Dolly Payne, 339; who becomes, after his death, the wife of President Madison, Valle, M. de la, one of Mr. Jay's guests, 91. 339. Van Berckel, Mr., the Dutch Minister to the U. S., 79, 80, Towsnsencd family, of New York, residence of, 33, note. 210. Among the guests of Mr. Jay, 91, 98, note. ReTractors, Metallic. See Perkins. marks on the daughter of, by John Quincy Adams, 80. Tracy, Uriah, of Connecticut, U. S. Senator, anecdote of Vasn Uortlandt, Augustus, of New York, his house escapes him and Mr. Liston, in relation to Mrs. Oliver Wolcott, the ravages of the fire, Sept. 21, 1776, 28. He, Mrs. V., 844. One of Oliver Wolcott's classmates, 205. and the Misses V., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 98, Traselling, state of, in America, at the close of the last note. See Lourtlansdt. century, 115, 116, 119. New Flying Diligence, 116. Vase Dam family, of New York, residence of, 81. Rates of, 60 years ago, 117, note. Fraunces's stage- Van Horne family, of New York, Whigs, the residence of, office, 117, note, 80, note, 81, note. Mr. and Mrs., Mr. C., Miss Betty Trcaversay, Marquis and Marquise de, 190, 192. Her dress, A., and Miss Cornelia, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, at the festivities, during Washington's visit at Boston, note. Miss Franks, the guest of Mrs. V., 22. Miss in 17S9, 1 92. 1Kitty, the belle of the family, 23. Miss Susan marries Trenton, reception of Washington by the ladies of, in 1789, Mr. Turnbull, 104; description of her, by Miss Franks, 129; celebration of Washington's birth-day at, 217. 104. Trisity Cher7ch, New York, burned in the great fire of Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, of New York, Member of ConSept. 21, 1776, 28, note *. The new church conse- gress, in 1789, 166, nzote. crated by Bishop Provoost, in the presence of Wash- Vase Sechaaec, Peter, of Kinderhook, a member of the Soington, the cabinet, &c., in 1789, 226. The Rev. Ben- cial club, 148, note. jamin Blagrove's musical exhibition, in, ib. Van Zanzdt, Miss, at the Inauguration Ball, 156. WashingTrist, Nicholas P., marries the granddaughter of Mr. Jef- ton dances a minuet with her, ib. ferson, 218, note. Vrasic7c, Colonel Richard, of New York, one of the AttorTrott, Benjamin, a celebrated miniature painter, 356. neys of the Supreme Court, 175. He and Mrs. V., in Trotter, James, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, sote. assembly, in 1748, 13. Vcarsenum, General, with other distinguished characters, Trosep, Robert, of New York, one of the attorneys of the escorts Washington into Philadelphia, in 1787, 376. Supreme Court, 175. Takes part in the "Constitution Vasedreuil, Marquis de, dines at Mr. Breck',s, with Chascelebration," 110. tellux, 9. Trs-mnbucll, Jonathan, of Connecticut, Member of Congress Venables, Mrs., one of the Philadelphia " dames," 13. in 1789, 166, note. Verlentenlberf Hill, a portion of the old city wall of New - -, John, of Connecticut, author of "McFingal," one York, 29. of the classmates of Oliver Wolcott, 205, 206. His char- Verpa1caclc family, of New York, residence of, 31, note +. acteristic letter to Wolcott, 205, note. Cornelius V., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, snote, -, Colonel John, of Connecticut, his success as an Gulian V., President of the New York Bank, a memartist, 832. Portraits of Washington, by, 225, 279, ber of Social Club, 148, note. note, 8538; his portrait of Mrs. Washington, 313; and Victoria, Queen of England, the father of, in the U. S., portraits of Temple Franklin, Nelly Custis, Sophia in 1794, 381. Chew, I-Iarriet Chew, Cornelia Schuyler, Julia Sey- FininZg, John, of Delaware, Member of Congress, in 1789, mour, and two daughters of Jeremiah Wadsworth, 166, enote. Marries Miss Seton, 102. 354. Effect produced by his full length portrait of —, Miss, account of society at Philadelphia, by, 22; is Washington, upon the Creek Chiefs, 225, 226. H:is celebrated at the court of Marie Antoinette, 21; among account of a dinner party at Mr. Jefferson's, 840. Is her guests were the Duke de Liancourt, and Duke of - offered, by Mr. Jefferson, a mission to the Barbary Orleans, ib. Miss Montgomery's description of, ib, States, 840. Trumbull Gallery at New Haven, 818. Extract from her letter to Governor Dickinson, 21. Tryout, Governor, of North Carolina, the old palace of, at Firsrgitia, proposal of (1786), for a meeting of CommisNewbern, 275, note. sioners on trade and commerce, 43. Ratifies (1788) the Tsecker, Thomas Tudor, of South Carolina, Member of Constitution, 105. State of society in, 61-64. See Congress in 1789, 167, seote. One of the relatives of Society. John Randolph, 208. His remarks on official titles, Vly ~~ahrket, in the city of New York, 82. and aristocratic living, 154. Polney, M., his observations on dietetics in America, 888. Tudor, Mrs., of Boston, her education and social refine- His unfavorable opinion of Washington's abilities, 833. ment, 9. Meets with Chastellux, ib. His vanity, 332; personal appearance, 333. Applies to Tuzesday Evsen7ing Clsb, of Boston, its antiquity, 9. Washington for letters of introduction, 333. WashingTuren7e, Marshal, Flechier's oration on, quoted, 274, note. ton's pithy reply to him, ib. Portrait of, by Stuart, ib. Ters-nbucll, Mr., marries Susan Van Horne, 104. He and Mrs. T., in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Turner, Joseph, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing assembly, in 1748, 13, note. Wadsweorth, Jeremiah, of Connecticut, Member of Congress, in 1789, 119, 166, note. Wales, Rev. Dr. Samuel, Congregational minister of New U.. Haven, his reception of Washington, 184. United Brethess's school. See Bethlelhem. Walker, Colonel, of New York, a prominent citizen In Unaited States, articles of Confederation of, 40. Sovereignty 1783, 32. 406 IN DE X. Wall Street, New York, formerly the resort of fashion, 81. tended church, and received no company, 151. True Wallace, John, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing account of the institution of his levees, 151; Mr. Jefassembly, in 1748, 13, note. Mrs. W., one of the Phil- ferson's account, corrected, 150, 151. Receives New adelphia "dames." in 175T, 13. Year's calls, 214, 215. The discussion of the subject Watllace, John Bradford, nephew of Attorney General Winm. of his official title, 153,154. His Cabinet, 180. His apBradford, 310, note, 338, note. The friend of Daniel pointment of Judges of the Supreme Court, 181. At Webster, ib. the request of Congress, he appoints a day of public —, Mrs. Susan, wife of John B. W., Rev. Dr. Herman thanksgiving and prayer, 181, 182. His Eastern Hooker's tribute to, 310, smote. Was often at balls with Tour, 183, 202. Visits the French fleet at Boston, 192. Washington, ib. Goes with Mrs. Oliver Wolcott, to His example of punctuality, to the city troops, at Bosone of Mrs. Washington's drawing rooms, ib. Her ton, 193. His speech to Congress (Jan. 8,'90), 216, 211; description of Mrs. William Bradford, 338, nzote. Her is dressed, on the occasion, in a suit of American cloth, account of Washington's habits, appearance, and man- 217. His birthday celebrated, throughout the counners, 309. try, in 1790, 217. He signs the treaty made with the, John W., brother of Horace Binney W., 805, sote. Creek Indians, and holds a personal conference with ---—, Horace Binney, of Philadelphia, his note-book them, 225. His Tour to Rhode Island, 227, 228. His quoted, 309. His conversations with his mother, ib. affecting farewell to New York, 228, 230. Removal - -, Sir Win., of Scotland, a box made of the oak that of the seat of government to Philadelphia, 233, 234. sheltered him, presented to Washington, by the Earl His place of residence there, 309; and (1794) at Gerof Buchan, 354. mantown, 815. His Southern Tour, 213, 283. His Walz family, of Philadelphia, of the elder part of the pro- remark on the situation of the southern country, and vincial aristocracy, 11. the disposition of the people, 283. Ills travelling carTWallpoe, Horace, his mention of Woolaston, the painter, riage, 273, 274, note. Visits the grave of De Kalb, 282. 159, note. Jefferson, Hamilton, and Edmund Randolph entreat Watltosn family, of New York, residence of, 33, note. him to serve, a second term, 285; extract from HamWasesey, Henry, visits Philadelphia, in June, 1794, 312. ilton's letter, on the occasion, 285, 287. His re-election, Describes Washington's simple manners, ib.; Mrs. W. 287. He is assailed, through the public journals, by and Miss Custis, 313, 814. His account of the Philadel- the democratic party, 296, 301. Forms a new cabinet, phia theatre, 816; the dress of the Philadelphians, 318; 300. Is proclamation of neutrality, in the war beHcarrowgate Gardens, and Gray's Gardens, 321. tween France and England, 293. His equipage, when Toar of the Revolution, its duration, 1. Affliction and going to the Senate, 809, 810. His carriage, attendpoverty caused by, 1, 2. Expense of, 42. ants, dress, and appearance, at the opening of ConWarren, Mrs., of Philad., one of the "dames," in 1757, 13. gress, described by Richard Rush, 811, 312. He is -- family, of Boston, one of distinction, 8. urged to continue in office, a third term, 35T. Publishes, James, of Massachusetts, Washington's letter to, (Sept.'96) his Farewell Address, 358. His last message (1785), suggesting the thought of his Eastern Tour, to Congress, Dec.'96, 359. His last levee, 360. His 183, sote. birth-day celebrated at Philadelphia, with great enthu_-, Mrs. Mercy, of Boston, sister of James Otis, 199, 349. siasm, 359, 360; a splendid ball on the occasion, deMrs. Washington's letter to, 200-202. Her writings, scribed by Jeremiah Smith, 360. He attends the inau200, note. Specimens of her poetry,ib. Notice of, ib. guration of Mr. Adams, his successor and devoted Portrait of, by Copley, 200, eote. friend, 363; and retires to Mount Vernon, 364, 365. He Wacrville, M. Jean Pierre Brissot de. See Bo'issot. describes to Gen. Knox the emotions awakened by the WAeHINCGTON, General George, of Virginia, his farewell event, 861. (Nov. 1,'83,) to the American army, 1; and to the offi- In Society.- IIHe attends a ball at Annapolis, an' cers, 2. Enters the city of New York, with Governor opens it with Mrs. James Macubbin, 4, sote *; the fete Clinton and some of the American troops, 2. Governor in honor of the Dauphin, 21; the Inauguration Ball, Clinton's public dinner to, 3. His affectionate manner 154, 155; dances, in a cotillion, with Mrs. Van Brugh of parting with his Officers, 3. A Revolutionary offi- Livingston, and also with Mrs. Maxwell, and, in a cer's tribute to, 3, seote. His arrival at Annapolis, and minuet, with Miss Van Zandt, 156; and attends balls at reception there, 4. He resigns his trust, and retires to Philadelphia and Charleston, 279, 810. Mrs. Cushing's Mount Vernon, 5, 6. His interest in Inland Naviga- account of one of his dinner-parties, 331, 332. He attion, 34. Ills tour to the Western Country, 34. A tends the theatre, 158, 159, 212, seote, 214, 315; and the member of the Convention for forming a Federal circus, 819. I-e witnesses a balloon ascension, the first Constitution, 34, 67; and President of the Convention, in America, 321. He is present at the commencement 36. Unanimously elected President of the U. S., 122. of Columbia College, 158. In society in Philadelphia in The hand of Divine Providence in this, recognized, 114, 1787, 376. tIis "rules of civility and decent behavior 135, 144. Ilts letter to General Knox, on the delay of in company," 374. receiving the certificate of his election, 124. His tri- His'Friends: he reveres Franklin, 222; is affection. umphal progress to New York, the seat of government, ately attached to Lafayette and his son, 34, 835, 334, 125, 134. His places of residence in New York, 33, 335; Hamilton, 285; Greene, 282; Adams, 363, 364; note, 134, 166, 16T, 168. Tribute to, by John Adams, and Benjamin Chew, 264. Enjoyed the society of Mrs. President of the Senate, 135. Ils pensive reflections, Caton, 210; Mrs. Charles Carroll, and Mrs. Henry Philduring his triumphal progress, 135. His Inauguration, ips, 264, 265, 389. His playful letter to Chastellux, 9, 138; the religious feeling indulged on the occasion, 138, note; and farewell letter to M. Gerard, 83; and to M. 139. Particular description of the spectacle, 140, 142. Luzerne, ib. See Jonzat/han 1'2rMsnbusll, Know, lPickesrHis speech in the Senate chamber, 142, 144. The festi- it g, O. Wolcott, Huem2sphreys, and Lear. vities at the inauguration, 145, 146. His rules for re- His eneanies: Jefferson, 289, 293, otes, 358; Freneau, ceiving visitors, and for entertaining company, 149. He 289, 293; Bache, 857; Tom Paine, 360; Andrew Jackgives no formal invitations to dinner, 164. His Wednes- son, 361; Genet, 294, 295; and others, 301. His final day dinner parties, 217. Receives calls, every Tuesday letter to Jefferson, 358. Volney's unfavorable opiniox afternoon, 165. His drawing-rooms open, from 8 to 10 of, 833; Washington's pithy note to him, ib. A caricao'clock, P. m., every Friday, 165. On Sundays, he at- ture of, 123, mote An attempt to poison him, 148, note. IND EX. 407 in, domestic life: he visits his aged mother, 124. Wayrne, General Anthony, is in favor of tolerating theatres, His last interview with her, 124, 125; her death, 179. 218. His ieception of Washington, in Georgia, 280. His home employments, 34; unostentatious mode Webster, Daniel, his favorable mention of John Bradford of living, 206; moderate wishes, 24t; furniture, 167, Wallace, 310, note. His eloquence referred to, 306. 244; servants, 149, note, 243, 24T; interest in minute I, Noah, of Connecticut, classmate of Oliver Wolcott, details of honsehold affairs, 240, 245; custom of having 205, 206. Marries Miss Greenleaf, 104. Takes part in but one dish of meat, 165; moderate use of wine, 165; the " Convention-celebration," 110. dress, 161, 269; early honr of retiring, 216. His daily WTelcome, the name of the vessel in which William Penn life at Mount Vernon, 366. His considerate regard for comes to America, 11. Mrs. W.'s comfort, 164, 247, 248. Wellesley, Sir Arthur, 209, note *. Marquis and Marchiontlis Religiosus Character: he refuses to see compa- ess, ib. See Caton. ny, on Sundays, 149; habitually recognizes the Provi- Wesetwortl,, Governor, the associations of his ancient mandence of God, 4, 5; statedly attends public worship, 151, sion, 192, caote, 197. 184, 190, 196, 226, 280, 810; says Grace at table, 104. WVertmnt16ier, the portrait of Washington which he is said to He attends prayers at St. Paul's Chapel, New York, have painted, 855. immediately after his Inauguration, 144. He appoints West, Benljamin, of New Hampshire, Member of Congress, a day of public thanksgiving and prayer, 182. His 1789, 166, rnote. habit of spending an hour in meditation, before retir- —, Benjamin, President of the Royal Academy, his ing, and before breakfast, 152. opinion of the merits of Malbone, as an artist, 356. HEis declining health, 178, 211, 228, 278. His natural Wet Qynalcers, import of the term, 269. impetuosity, 305. His remarkable self-control, 290, 802. Wheate, Lady, widow of Sir Jacob Wheate, a British ofiHis calm views of death, 179 His death, 366. cer, 81. Portraits of him, by Trumbull, 225, 219, 853, 854: W/seatley, Phillis, of Boston, an African, her poetry comStuart, 355, cote; Pine, 351; Du Cimetiere, 352; Fulton, mended by Abb6 Gregory, and Mr. Clarkson, 349. 852; Dunlap, ib.; Wright, ib.; Savage, 353; Madame TVheatone, Joseph, of Georgia, Member of Congress, in 1789, de Brehan, ib.; Sharpless, 356; Charles W. Peale, 855; 167, note. James Peale, ib.; and Rembrandt Peale, ib. Busts TWIite, Rev. (afterward Right Rev. Dr.) William, Chaplain of him, by HIondon, 353; Gallagher, 856; and Eccles- to Congress, 255. One of the most eminent clergymen ton, 356. Engravings of him, 355. Medallion portrait in Philadelphia, 266. Officiates at the marriage of ofhim, 156. Win. Bingham and Miss Willing, 255; and of M. de Tributes to him, by John Adams, 863; Alfieri, 874; Marbois and Miss Moore, 81, seote. Is present at Erskine, 374; Fox, 3T4; Frederick of Prussia, 146; Washington's farewell dinner, and gives an account of Mirabeau, 312; Napoleon, 146; and the author, 67. it, 362. His personal appearance described, by Chastellux, -, Rear Admiral, and Lieut. General (of the British 372; Dumas, 371; Mandrillon, 373; Robin, 372; Rush, army), brothers of Lady Hayes, 210. 812; Mrs. Wallace, 309; Wansey, 812. family, of Philadelphia, loyalists, 16. Thomas W., His influence on thie destiny of the U. S., 47. a subscriber to the Philadelphia dancing assembly, —, Mrs., not present at the Inauguration, 161; her jour- 1T48, 13. Mrs. Thomas W., and Miss Sophia W., ney from Mount Vernon to New York, 161, 162, 163, among the Philadelphia " belles and dames," of 164; her reception by Washington at New York, 164; 1757, 13. her levees, 150, 165, 215, 216, 270, 318. The democrats --, Alexander, of Virginia, Member of Congress, in object to them, 313. She is not at the Inauguration 1789, 166, note. Ball, 157; and never at a ball, after the Revolution, in, family, of New York, very conspicuous, 210. HenNew York, 204. She requires due attention to the eti- ryj and the Misses, 28, 31, 210, note. quette of refined society, 165, note. Her custom of re- Whiilock, Mrs., sister of Mrs. Siddons, an actress on the tlurning visits, on the third day, 310. She is present at Philadelphia stage, 314, 317. the delivery of Hamilton's oration on General Greene, TFWhitney, Eli, inventor of the cotton gin, 347. 178. Her most intimate friends, 332, 337. Her letter Wignell, Mr., Manager of the new theatre at Philadelphia. to Mrs. Mercy Warren, 199, 202. She always spoke of 213, 315. His difference with Mrs. Bingham, 81S. Washington as " the General," 216. Her grandchildren, Wigs, much worn by gentlemen ill America, in 1786, 46. 202. A reflection upon the fact of Washington's having Willeoc/cs, John, a subscriber for the Philadelphia dancing no children, 160. AMrs. W., her personal appearance, assembly, in 1748. Mrs. W., one of the Philadelphia 159; and manners, 310; described by Chastellux, 160; " dames," in 1757, 13. and by Wansey, 313. Portraits of her, by Woolaston, Willett, family, of New York, residence of, 38, note. 159; and Trumbull, 313. Biographical notice of her, --, Colonel Marinus, the success of his mission to the 159, 160. Creek Indians, 224. TWaeshinrgto, Mildred, daughter of Augustine, marries Williamsone, Dr. Hugh, of North Carolina, delegate to the Thomas Lee, 105. "Convention," 70. Marries Miss Apthorp, 103. Is in WSatkiss, John W., marries Judith, daughter of Governor Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. History, character, Winm. Livingston, 97. and personal appearance of, 71. Conduct towards CeWatson, John F., the antiquary, corrected, 239, 240. racehi, the sculptor, 354. Watts, John, sen., of New York, his house escaped the Williamss ad lJary College, state of, at the beginning of ravages of the great fire (Sept. 21,'76), 28. the Revolution, 7. --—, John, Recorder of New York, a member of the So- Willing, Charles, of Philadelphia, founder of the Willing cial Club, 148, note. One of the Attorneys of the Su- family in America, 15. Notice of, 14. Mrs. Anne, his preme Court, 175. Takes part in the "Constitution wife, 15. See notices of members of the family, 13, 14, celebration," 110. Is in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99. 15, 16, 253, 255, 260. A —, Lady Mary, daughter of Lady Stirling, pays her —, Thomas, Washington dines with, 876. Epitaph on, compliments to Mrs. Washington, 164. Is at the Inau- by Horace Binney, 16. guration Ball, 155. She and Mr. Robert W., her hus- Wileminztocn, Delaware. See A1ontgome?'y and VYiing. band, are in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. Wilson James, of Pennsylvania, delegate to the "C Gnven 408 INDEX. tion," 65. Chairman of the Committee that reported note. Schools for, at the beginning of the Revolution, the Constitution, 181. His oration at the Philadelphia 7. Characteristics of the more elevated class of, 269. " Constitution-celebration," 101. Character of, 75. See Society. Wineecoop, Miss Phebe, one of the Philadelphia "belles," TIood, Win. B., the actor, his "Personal Recollections of in 1757, 13. the Stage," quoted, 818, szote. TYigaycte, Paine, of Newn Iampshire, U. S. Senator, in 1789, Woodclettei, the American, Talleyrand's admirable sketch 166, note, 91, 95, qewte, 195. Describes a dinner-party, of, 882. at Washington's house, 164. Woo drop, Miss Sally, one of the Philadelphia "belles," in Winthrop falllily, of Boston, ancient and distinguished, 8. 1757, 13. -, Robert C., his description of Sir John Temple, 94. Woolaston, John, painter, 351. Portraits of Mrs. Castis and Son of Sir John's beautiful daughter, 10, ezote *. Mrs. Smith by, 159. Notice of, 159, note; by Dunlap, -- mily, of New York, tories, their residence in Wall Hobbes, Walpole, and G. W. P. Custis, ib. Verses to, street, 31 t. by Francis Hopkinson, 159, note. Portrait by (in the Wiseheart, R., a subscriber to the Philadelphia dancing as- British Museum), of Thomas Brittan, ib. sembly, in 1748,13, note. Worcester, the bishop of, who preferred bacon to ShakeWistcar, Dr. Caspar, of Philadelphia, 267. Marries Miss speare, 213. Marshall, 104. Wright, Joseph, portrait of Washington by, 852. Witherspoon, Rev. Dr., President of Nassau Hall (College —, family, of New York, residence of, 33, seote. of New Jersey), 82, 99, seote. Permits students to Wyskoop, Henry, of Pennsylvania, member of Congress, serve in the Revolutionary war, 70. in 1789, 166, seote. Referred to in a conversation on the WFolcott family, of Connecticut, notice of, 204. Henry, subject of the official title of the Chief Magistrate, 153, Roger, Oliver, and the second Oliver, 204. The first 154. Oliver, the Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Wyejne family, of Philadelphia, of the elder part of the pro204. vincial aristocracy, 11. -—, Oliver, the second (Secretary of the Treasury), his Wythe, George, Chancellor of Virginia, 232, 275. Delegate classmates, 204, 205. His letters on the cost of living to the " Convention," 67. Signer of the Declaration of in New York, 206; and in Philadelphia, 237, 238. Ap- Independence, 68. Remarkable character of his mother, pointed Secretary of the Treasury, 300. Learns from 67. History, character, and personal appearance of, 67, Mr. Hammond the fact of Ranidolph's treachery, 302; 68, 69. and informs the President of it, 303. Hils account of George Hammond, 324; and M. Adet, 329; and of the yellow fever in Philadelphia, in 1792, 314., Mrs. Oliver, is accompanied by Mrs. Susan Wallace, Yale College, New Haven, state of, at the beginning of the to one of Mrs. Washington's drawing-rooms, 310. Anec- Revolution, 7. Rev. Dr. Stiles, President of, delivers a dote of Mir. Tracy and Mr. Liston, in relation to her, Latin oration on the character of Dr. Franklin, 222. 844. The Rev. Dr. Tirnothy Dwight's opinion of her, Yates, Judge, in Mrs. Jay's Invitation-list, 99, note. iib. Judge Hopkinson's account of Mr. and Mrs. I Yellow fever, in Philadelphia, in 1798, 814. Account of it, W., 344. by Oliver Wolcott, 814; and by Brockden Brown, 814,, Miss, youngest sister of Oliver W., is a celebrated note. beauty, 344. Marries Channcey Goodrich, ib. Yorkctown, Washington goes to, attended by Rochambeau, 6. Wolfe, Miss Sabina, marries Hugh H. Breckenridge (after- Yswejo, Don Carlos, Marquis d', Spanish Ministel, succeeds wards Judge Breckenridge), 267, nsote. Don F. Jaundennes, 3382. His visit (1796) to WashingWomen, American, style of the dress of, in 1789, 155, frote. ton, at Mount Vernon, 332. Washington's letter to Rochambeau and Brissot charge them with extrava- Pickering on the occasion, 3882. Marries Sally McKean, gance in dress, 267. Many British officers marry, 4, 137, 883.