~ I.i.iiIII II ,_daSIII,L11,S.dwlBJ,UklrLlalllu...,;Z CI_.I3iiI L -dI I;I1_1II IIU-en II 1 I it III ii L ir U/ ELe lil? II I';"""~" illl I. Ili.i ~iiLIE j I s u! 3r I:!- r!!!!!!! er 'I Illlllfl I113LILII:IIIL L:L: =:: i ::: E iri*4 "*::::1,-; — "VW'6fa '_'-:'I" _;-i;""n'-h' .:: iii is -' "i-"-""r' Cr.p ^;'; U"- ". i ~rc: 4 [ -~ "i:~~:~;! ":-";;"xi~- ;I~*rI -.-..-~i-...- rrr- . : " P"" " r - ~p — P 'I l~~T- I F~ ~ 1 - ~rC1 1 ~~- - - T I 11 7 I 1 - r ~ I - Is-T* 9 - -r — T ---s-s -- -rll f~9-~ —srslrpji~r r-Fae-?rrjsqnrei-eilcs7qi~lr;cl IF PH OTOQRAS IF A t ---I S )'IIID! F 5 73 AN ELABORATE COLLECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE BUILDINGS, GROUNDS AND EXHIBITS OF THE W 0sl R L —s * S 0 xi I! \ [31I ta A N Jx I - (ts:SI 10 WITH A SPECIAL DESCRIPTION OF iilA ISANI,, SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION THE WERNER COMPANY CHICAGO:AIR 4'. -,4,..4" 4 " zl. COPYRIGHT I894 BY TIHE WERNER COMPANY ALl, RIGHTS RESE.RVED * —..;*. '.4.4.-\.* ~. ^ \.^'.*~~,-?.4-& —~.^~'^~.^1 4'.. '4.-... I i THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION THE DIFFICULTIES ATTENDING THE ENTERPRISE, ITS COST, AND ITS FINANCIAL AND ARTISTIC SUCCESS. |iR|t HE average citizen of Chicago smiles in a self-satisfied way when he hears any comnmendatory remarks upon the j~i-6 ~of the undertaking and the success, from every point of view, of the World's Columbian Exposition. The ^ l5 i sentiment of the people was summarized in the closing lines of a resolution, offered by Judge Thomas B. Br: |? meeting of one hundred prominent citizens appointed by the Chicago Common Council to take action in sec( f i j!' great celebration for Chicago. Mr. Bryan said: "Men who have helped build Chicago want the Fair, and havi j5l l and well-sustained claim, they intend to have it."; It is a matter of some difficulty, one practically impossible at this time, to determine absolutely who was to mention Chicago as the site for a Columbian Exposition. Without any question it was a citizen of the city which overcame < almost insurmountable to carry this greatest event of the nineteenth century to an artistic, industrial and financial triumph. To the energetic Chicagoan this is all a matter of course. To the outsider, however, to the appreciative man who i thoroughly imbued with the sentiment that nothing is impossible to Chicago, the vastness of the work accomplished and its une success at all points well nigh seems a miracle. The Fair was opened May 1, 1893, and yet it was not before 1889 that the idea of holding it really began to assume the purpose. The dawning light of 1890 was glowing upon the trail of retreating 1889 before it had become a settled fact that should be the site. Three other powerful rivals were in the field, New York, Washington and St. Louis, but Chicago won the d= was her name which filled the blank in the Congressional act providing for the event. It was a proud jubilee for the Western Me hugeness abiding:yan, at a uring the ng a just the first obstacles s not so:quivocal form of Chicago ay and it tropolis, and the people, cemented by the struggle, entered with heart and soul into the work of fulfilling the conditions of the bil conditions! Had they remained as first indicated, Chicago could hardly plume herself with having consummated any very r achievement. It was only required that she should furnish a suitable site together with $5,000,000 for the purpose of constr buildings, etc. That was easy. By March 10, 1890, it had all been accomplished. But other conditions began at once to be I It would be ungracious and indeed untrue to say, that if the citizens of Chicago had known of the impediments to be encoun obstacles they would have to surmount, before they could achieve success, they would have been deterred from their endeavors They would have armed themselves for the fight; they would have doubled their energy and determination; and even had the da of the financial crisis, which did come in the very midst of the Fair, cast its shadow before, still they would have gone on; they wm built those buildings which the world has admired; they would have converted a swamp into a fairyland; they would have success from every opposing force. The World's Fair has been a fact. The nations have come, have seen and have been conque( ry; have acknowledge that in the White City was found the human genius. The $5,000,000 was subscribed, but to indicate how profound was the enthusiasm of the people it may be stated that the 30,000 individuals, firms and corporations were on the subscription books, and that the largest certificate to any one individual 15,000 shares, or $150,000. When the Congressional bill came before the House Committee the trouble began. It was cha subscriptions were all "wind". Responsible Chicago citizens guaranteed the $5,000,000. Then jealousy induced an amendme] bill making the monetary condition $10,000,000. This was hard. But as yet Chicago as a municipality had done nothing. asked to advance in bonds the other $5,000,000. It was learned that by reason of a constitutional prohibition this could not The aid of the State legislature was invoked. The regular session of the General Assembly had just adjourned but the Governor con extra one. The law was amended and the City of Chicago advanced the required amount. The $10,000,000 condition was comp] Now it was discovered that the scope of the Exposition had grown enormously, and that at least $17,000,000 would be nec complete it. The United States Government was asked for a loan of $5,000,00)0. After a long delay Congress decided to Exposition $2,500.000 in souvenir coins, and did so, excepting a sum of $570,880 which was withheld by a subsequent act. W the balance to come from? Again did the men of Chicago spring to the rescue and take 4,550,000 of the Exposition bon souvenir coins were sold at a premium and thus was the $17,000,000 raised. 1. Those 2markable icting the presented. tered, the Never!.rk gloonm ould have z wrested red; they acmle of names of I was for irged tile nt to the She was be done. ivened an lied with.:essary to give the here was ids. The But even that enormous sum was found to be insufficient and the Exposition contracted an indebtedness to the amount I $2,590,000 Thus was the cost of producing the Exposition not less than $20,000,000. But this relates exclusively to the outlay Illinois corporation. To show the full cost the following figures must be taken: Illinois corporation, $20,000,000; U. S. Gove $2,250,000; foreign governments, $6,000,000; the several States, $7,000,000; total, $35,250,000. To this should also be added the of private exhibitors both at the Fair proper and on the Midway Plaisance, for assuredly they contributed their quota to the expenditure. But these vast efforts and outlays have proved to be not in vain. The Exposition to which the nations were bidden was and in fact a " World's Fair." Nothing was wanting either to its greatness or its success. The edifices and their grouping were x the pomp of imperial Rome. The artistic and scenic accessories made them seem like palaces in fairyland, critics of all natic with each other in eulogy on beholding the White City. And, if art had a noble triumph so likewise had industry an invention. before in the world's history was so much gathered together to denote the progress of the nations or to teach with such winning e the brotherhood of the race. The World's Fair at Chicago was a delight, an education and a wonder to all who beheld it, and its i cannot but be felt throughout the entire human family. Such souvenirs of the great event as have been or can be obtained will y as mementoes of incalculable value, and none more so than the pictorial reproductions of the buildings and grounds which have n White City famed in every land. of about,s of the ernment, expense general in truth worthy of mns vied Never Imphasis nfluence )e prized nade the From ice-bound lands where weary stars Look down on nights a half-year long, From lands by old historic wars Made rich in legend and in song; From every country, every clime, Will come the peoples of the earth To join the pageantry sublime In honor of thy birth, COLUMBIA! TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE GENERAL VIEWS The Court of Honor Like a Glimpse of Venice A Cluster of Attractions A Glimpse of the Court of Honor Gathering for the Illuminations Across the Grand Plaza Bird's Eye View to the North Looking Across Wooded Island Vista Beyond the Island North Pond, Looking Westward Shore of the North Lagoon The Daily Tide of Visitors ADMINISTRATION BUILDING MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING A Picturesque Corner EXHIBITS France Statue of the French Republic French Masterpiece in Bronze Germany-Entrance and Iron Gates Italy's Dainty Display Russia —From the Czar's Dominions Switzerland-Swiss Art and Industry. 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31. 3 35 37 39. 41 43 45 Belgium-Entrance to Pavilion Denmark-Danish Taste and Handicraft Spain-Moorish Arcade The Great Chicago Telescope MACHINERY HALL Eastern End Eastern Portal Interior-Looking East AGRICULTURAL BUILDING EXHIBITS General Interior From Michigan Farms and Forests Transept of Building An Old Time Grist Mill ELECTRICITY BUILDING Where Franklin Greets the Visitor EXHIBITS General Interior German Electrical Display MINES AND MINING BUILDING Main Portal EXHIBITS Montana's Silver Queen General Interior PAGE. 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85. 87 47 49 51 53. 55 57 13 89 91 93 95 97 99 T4 CONTENTS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING EXHIBITS Utnder the Nation's Dome Visitors from the Behring Sea Uncle Sam's Corps of Kickers HORTICULTURAL BUILDING A Peep at the Great Dome EXHIBITS General Interior. A Mammoth Conservatory The Mammoth Crystal Cave The Ripe Fruit of Freedom " Innocence." A Mexican Masterpiece TRANSPORTATION BUILDING.. The Golden Gate A Magnificent Bit of Decoration EXHIBITS The Locomotive " Rocket" An Uphill Locomotive Dom Pedro's Carriage Famous Railroad Types FISHERIES BUILDING.... Entrance to Fisheries Arcade Art's Tribute to the Finny Tribe THE WOMEN'S BUILDING.. Transept Portal.... "The Virgin West".... PALACE OF FINE ARTS South Portal.... ANTHROPOLOGICAL BUILDING Indian Tribes of Canada. Relics of a Nameless Race Mastodon and Devil Fish. o SHOE AND LEATHER BUILDING General Interior.... Monarchs of Plain and Mountain PAGE 101 103 105 107 109 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 125 127 129 131 133 135 137 139 141 143 145 147 149 151 153 155 157 159 PAGE TERMINAL STATION General Interior The World's Greatest Dynamo THE PERISTYLE The Peristyle and Great South Pier The Grand Columbian Arch Summit of the Water Gate Approach to the Peristyle ON THE LAKE FRONT Main Pier, Looking East Battle Ship "Illinois " THE MAC MONNIES FOUNTAIN Waterfall.. Detail of Fouiltain The MacMonnies Barge "Columbia" MISCELLANEOUS The North Electric Fountain Adorning the Grand Basin Boat Landing, Grand Basin Gateway to Sylvan Scenes Columbus Taking Possession THE CARAVELS The Santa Maria. The Nina and Pinta. Camp of West Point Cadets A Missionary of Liberty. Among Aboriginal Emblems Down in the Windmill Section A Matchless Perspective Moonlight on the Grand Basin In Luna's Light Alone Twilight on the West Lagoon GENERAL VIEWS Shores of the Wooded Island From the Government Lantern 161 163 165 167 169 171 173 175 177 179 181 183 185 187 189 191 193 195 197 199 201 203 205 207 209 211 213 215 i:;a HAS:\:; I 3~ed ~UISSI/ a S 0S~ so - 7 f l i \S s W Wg As \::E $ S {: 7 0 S 0::: f f THE COURT OF HONOR.-Among all the memories of the great fair, impressed upon the minds of the millions of its visitors, none will cling so fondly, nor stand out so vividly as ti view presented above. Well was it called the Court of Honor! All honor to the master minds that conceived it and to the master hands that wrought out its varied fascinations. Li fairyland, indeed, it is to stand here, backed by the noble Peristyle, and glance along the vista of the shining basin. In the foreground rises the "Republic", a colossal figure with arm showing forth the emblems of liberty and country. In the background is that magnificent architectural triumph, the Administration Building, with its superbly ornamented dome, sur successive tiers of Doric and Ionic pavilions. Between these lie the smooth waters of the basin, now unrippled by the oar of the gay gondolas or the gliding prow of a launch. On the the solid, stately facade of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. At the left extend the graceful lines of the Agricultural Building, meeting in the West the towers of Machinery grand picture, fully deserving its title, "The Court of Honor." 17 he enchanting ke a vision of s uplifted and mounting the e right is seen Hall. It is a LIKE A GLIMPSE OF VENICE. —The many artistic bridges, the numerous canals, banked by walls of apparently solid marble, from the very margins of which rise the stately facades of i White City structures, cannot fail to occupy the mind with ideas of Venice. Could anything be more enchanting, more like the real Venice than the scene presented above. Tl embraces the South Canal, starting from where the Egyptian Obelisk stands up grimly with its mysterious hieroglyphics, yet stately and grand as its tapering summit looms above the c( is marked against the sky. On the right is caught a glimpse of the Agricultural Building, which, large as it is, seems a dwarf as compared with the mammoth structure beyond. At t strikingly handsome eastern entrance to Machinery Hall, with just a prospect of the Electricity Building in the distance. Noble and impressive is the Column, rising from the west end Basin, its gleaming white almost hiding from view the somewhat rigid dome of the Illinois State Building barely outlined in the north. Crossing both the South and North Canals are arched bridges thronged with the visitors to this wondrous Dreamland. It is a scene to be remembered for a life time, a vision which one must wish should never fade from the memc Magic City, wonderful in its beauty and its size, affords many such exquisite treats. 19 the handsome ie foreground olonnade and the left is the of the Grand the gracefully )ry. But this A CLUSTER OF ATTRACTIONS.-The view presented above probably offers a greater combination of attractions than any other that could be had in the Exposition grounds. While tl to be seen on all hands, almost a surfeit of it, there is no question about the west end of the Court of Honor being especially fascinating. Here, close at hand, stands the Administrat chiefest jewel in all the architectural diadem. True it does not appear in the scene above but most of its superb surroundings are brought clearly into view and more than suggest Along on the right is a portion of the Grand Plaza, at this ho-r but scantily peopled with visitors. Full in the center is that triumph of genius, the Columbia Fountain, its varied remarkable beauty standing out among all the other attractions to great advantage. Here the full basin is exposed to view, in the center of which rides the barge "Columbia." At th circle are the rampant sea horses prancing and spouting in attitudes of wild enjoyment, while down over the terrace flows the translucent water, to mingle in creamy foam with that below. Stately and grand rise the St. Gaudens columns and in the background is the arcaded colonnade, partly concealed by the Obelisk with its lions couchants, and by the east end < Hall whose graceful spires form the apex of the artistic pyramid. 21 here is beauty tion Building, its presence. features and ie edge of the of the basin of Machinery i ---iiii-:-::::: i-:T-3PLlassssssssss8sasPs BBiesPI:::::-:-:_-_ —i —:: -i:i:iin a:: ':::": a-wsa:.::::1:: i:.ii- ii: —::: ~~ — ~~ --- —--— ----"~I ---- — —~ ---- ---- ~ - i::: —:: i_ 8~pialaasrasms8ssss8~ii:LZi':1 —::li::-`:;::ii: P' IIII ~~~~"~aasD~-~ ---~~I~~~I~ --- — Ira --- —— P~-~rp --- —:::;i I: -:::::-:r::iiz'ihegs8"iiid I I SB:$sBE!:"'8sa$BgBaP-: i-ii-ii:- -_ 3- i:i i%Bll$IHBB9$%8t!ii': i I:::-:::1:::: ::: iijiii' I::::-:::1:::::::::::-j-:r: r ii c: -- = z C-...; '. C. ~-,~.., -.,-i E co 0 0 0,.(, L- _;.. o k' V) ) b IU bO E,.~, Q) '" c~ c 4-O j a u ~'~ a)-* -' V)..c:: 'o.~- ~u O 4, a E= a a, = "~, 0 ( - ) ljC >~~~~ ~. bO ~> - =; 0 C r u ~~o~'~ C) c, 0;,u U~ ~ c~a! E r,-, o ~ C..a, b= o Lt b: =o 0 0 0C a C, l CJ- y C C C, 5= ed b F~~'C O 3~~~~~,rQ c,-4 -v, a) Olc, Y,;, t' W ~~ k I: O cda,-" o C', co i FF A6jg:::::: 00 00 44i I * A k A. 1 'k K K 'I....A f 2;:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ K Y GATHERING FOR THE ILLUMINATIONS.-The Court of Honor is at any time a place of great attraction but on gala nights it is the one spot where humanity becomes an almost cc Long before the sun had declined from view in the west; long before the bell-peal in Machinery Hall chimed the hour of six, these gatherings began. Slowly yet continuously came thetro from the north and the south, from all directions, everybody eager to secure a good position from which to behold the illuminations, when the mantle of night should have fallen upl City. On these great occasions there is so much to see, the attractions cover so wide a range of territory, that it is no easy matter to obtain a position where all can be surveyed. fountains and Administration Building in a blaze of glory are at the west end; the magnificent pyrotechnic display is eastward out on the lake; the surface of the Grand Basin is covere from which shoot up numberless fiery serpents; all along the roofs of the Agricultural and Liberal Arts Buildings are lines of flickering flambeaux. Long before the display begins the Gr the margin of the basin are crowded with the expectant throng now gathering for the illuminations. Its dispersion will only take place when the last rocket has been shot into the sky string of flambeaux has collapsed into darkness. 25 oncrete mass. >ops of people on the White The electric!d with floats and Plaza and and the last I. ACROSS THE GRAND PLAZA.-The immensity of the Exposition as a whole is simply overwhelming. Any effort to comprehend it is bewildering. The wise visitor was he who care out a plan of sight-seeing and studied the vast display section by section. It would be a difficult matter indeed to select any particular spot or feature and claim for it a higher inte another. If however a choice must be made to win universal and hearty approval, probably it would fix itself on the view of the Grand Plaza from Machinery Hall. In the picture here is just a glimpse of one corner of the Administration Building on the left. At the right is the western end of the Grand Basin and in full foreground that marvel of human genius th Fountain. Directly in front is seen the south entrance to the Electricity Building. A striking feature of this picture is the almost total absence of life. It is an unusual sight to beho square deserted. There is now however, no surging mass of humanity to distract the attention; the fountains are quiescent and fail to shoot their gleaming spray into the air while t which usually appear so rampant are as if bound by a spell; the vari-colored lights which ordinarily glow and flicker in the Electricity Building to the amazement of the thousands are and the visitor can comprehend, absorb as it were, all the beauties of this interesting section of the great fair. 27.fully mappea rest than for offered there ie MacMonies AId this great he sea horses extinguished 1 BIRD'S EYE VIEW TO THE NORTH.-The World's Fair has been a royal feast to every visitor of culture and enlarged sympathies. In all directions around them are scenes and obje to rouse their emotions and even to enkindle the loftiest enthusiams. But that person must be indeed a dullard, a veritable clod of earth, who would not be moved to his inmost magnificence and suggestiveness of the views obtained from the roof of Manufactures Building. Lakeward and landward, north or south, the outlook is full of inspiration, while the bir of the White City itself gives a far better idea of its splendors and fascinations than can otherwise possibly be obtained. Above is a picture of the brilliant group of palaces north of the hi taken from the parapet near its portal at that end. Close at hand, as if one could touch it, is the massive dome of the United States building,the west wing of the Fisheries being visible I farther to the west the lofty Illinois building. The various foreign and State edifices crowd up the background, many of them remarkable for quaint forms of architecture that are rarel1 American skies. Such is that of the Marine Cafe, looming over the curtain of the Fisheries building and whose irregular outlines and numerous peaked turrets are suggestive of a hun in one of the effete monarchies. Thus are the past and present brought into sharp contrast in this most wonderful of expositions. 29 cts calculated heart by the;d's eye view uge structure, beyond it and y seen under iting chateau _-:__:::: f: 01XK' 'l < "he B i:I 1: L. N: LOOKING ACROSS WOODED ISLAND.-The general impression of the White City, considered archlitecturally, is that of imposing grandeur. This feeling is not to be wondered at. Tl are imposing and are one and all constructed on lines of beauty that while they inspire awe they at the same time arouse the most powerful sentiments of admiration. It must not b however that the accessories and the grounds about any building have their effect upon the structure as to the impression created. In this regard the landscape gardener who laid out plan, is entitled to no small degree of credit. Note the view above, taken from a point in front of the Woman's Building. It looks across the West Lagoon, takes in on the right the han White Star Line pavilion; the picturesque bridge across the canal, adorned at the western end with two fine figures of native deer; the water dotted here and there with launches; the Wo covered by its trees and shrubbery, amid which nestle the artistic Hooden or Japanese dwelling houses, and over and Ibeyond all the prodigious hulk of the Manufactures and Liberal A filling in the perspective, its noble entrances, its glistening walls, the long sweep of its spacious roof, all uniting to make a picture of indescribable beauty. 31 he buildings we forgotten the general dsome little )oded Island rts Building I I I i I I i i i I VISTA BEYOND THE ISLAND.-The Court of Honor must ever be looked upon as the mo(st important as well as the most beautiuli place in the Exposition grounds. It was there the ch were held, and there occurred all the great displays wiich formed so prominent a feature in the entertainments devised by the authorities for thb2 pleasure of visitors. About the Grand I principal facades of several of the more famous buildings, forming a stately architectural wall on every side. Here has art had full sway, and though rich and beautiful and grand and im gladly turns to scenes where nature or its close imitation affords relief. From almost any point where a view of the Wooded Island can be obtained a scene that is both picturesque and presented. Look on the one above. The view is taken from a point in front of the Horticultural Building. A portion of the Lagoon is seen in the foreground. Thickly bunched appeal on Wooded Island, indicating that Nature has not been completely neglected in the grand array of art. In the background are seen the Electricity and Mines Buildings, with a po Administration Building between them. The last-named structure is the fitting apex of a scene by which thought is naturally led up to the men who planned and the genius which sti ever-memorable Fair. 33 ief gatherings Basin are the ipressive, one refreshing is rs the foliage rtion of the 11 directs this ___: I i: -I.-::,...: NORTH POND, LOOKING WESTWARD.-It is not too much to say that a true artist, no matter of what school or capacity, could not fail to find within the limit of the World's FI altogether from its more formal features, numberless little,bits" of scenic attractiveness and many of almost fascinating beauty. Above is presented a water scene and even withe accessory of foliage, it is one to charm on the instant as well as afford inspiration to an artist. It is a view of the North Pond looking westward. On the right is the south facac Palace, showing its grand entrance on the canal, its noble classic columns and the statuary adorning either side. At the left is the Illinois State Building, its rather lofty dome outlined ag In the perspective, and forming the western frame of the picture, are three structures, those of the States of Ohio, Wisconsin and Indiana, the distance alone concealing their architectural decorations. The artist has caught his view with just a glint of the sun upon the surface of the water. But one launch appears upon the pond. It is a scene of peacefulness where beauty supreme. 35 air, and apart Dut the usual de of the Art ainst the sky. I beauties and y alone reigns - ----------— --- —— ~ —cl-x^~I-_ --- —-------------— ~~c~l ---~ — *SHORE OF THE NORTH LAGOON.-Almost any view in the World's Fair grounds that includes the Fisheries Building, or even a portion of it, is certain to embrace also man;y other ( picturesque features. The above is taken fron the shore of the North i-agoon, near tie end of the Woman's Building, where the parapet of the causeway is flanked by a cluster of islets foliage. At the extreme right is the west wing of tile Fisheries, with the arcade leading to it from the main pile. The latter is visible beyond the pretty bridge, and nearer and more co peaked turrets ana rounded balconies of the Cafe de la Marine. At the left of the avenue is the ornate structure of the Brazilian Republic, which if built on a larger scale might almost c parison with some of the great buildings of the Fair. Beyond this are seen more faintly the outlines of numerous other foreign structures. The hexagon cupola of the Swedish Building by its national ensign, is perhaps the most conspicuous. At the left of this is the belfry of the picturesque German building, and around and beyond are turrets and domes of several identified from special views. Looking out over the Fisheries colonnade Lake Michigan is visible to the eastern horizon, the matchless frame and setting provided by nature herself exquisite group of structures that man has ever imagined. Thus have art and nature been combined to make this Fair the jewel of all earthly experiences. 37 charming and covered with entral are the hallenge comD, surmounted I that may be for the most ...........................- - - ~...!. il L.irT - i; THE DAILY TIDE OF VISITORS.-One of the most difficult problems handled by the builders of the World's Fair, and one on which its fminancial success was chiefly dependent, wa commodious ingress for the multitudes of people who visited it from day to day. A most valuable feature of this convenience was the immense Terminal Station: by which all transpor were focused to one spot, and this not only within the Exposition grounds but actually in the shadow of the noble Administration Building, which was their central and crowning attract an average daily attendance of 200,000 persons, over half that number certainly found entrance at this point, and the artist has chosen an hour in the early morning when the trains of sev deposited their living freight and the vast crowd of sight-seers are emerging on the sunny plaza to scatter in all directions through the charming resort. Many among this throng persistent visitors; others are out fro:n the city for their periodical "day off," but it may safely be inferred that the majority of this eager, hurrying crowd is made up of country-fo persons from a distance to whom this one bright day may be the event of a toilsome life. Even the picture suggests a wish that every creature in the surging mass had a day of unmir after this unconscious submission to a "snap shot." 39 is to provide -ting railroads tion. Taking eral lines have are daily and )lk and other ngled pleasure 1 THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. —Chiefest jewel in the grandest architectural diadem ever designed and constructed by the gelliLIs of man, this building stands, a perfect dream keystone of all the structures which surround it. The building occupies a space a little over 250 feet square at the west end of the Court of Honor. The main edifice with four pavilions or wings at the four corners. These pavilions are eighty-four feet square, with a height of sixty feet an!ld on the three corners of each, just above the corn pieces of statuary of heroic size. The architecture of these pavilions is Doric and they constitute the first story. The second stage is called the colonnade, simply imposing Ionic style. Surmounting this is the superb dome, the apex of which rises 275 feet from the ground. The building is decorated with twenty-eight groups of statuary, beside smaller single figures and bas-reliefs. The interior affords a wonderful view. Grand arches and gigantic panels surmount each other, beautifully and appropriately decorated with br and reach up to the top of the inner dome, 250 feet above the floor, on which is Dodge's magnificent painting, " The Glorification of the Arts and Sciences." A wondrous work Administration Building and there were none of the 21,000.000 visitors to the Exposition that did not bow in homage to it as the' grandest architectural conception of the human mind. 41 of beauty, the is an octagcn lice, are twelve r in its grand!s innumerable onze and gold, i indeed is this 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~::~:: I! THE MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING.-How dare one attempt a description of this mammoth edifice in to( words? Three times larger t'han St. Peter's Church times the size of the Colosseum, having in its construction 17,000,000 feet of lumber, 13,000,000 pounds of steel, 2,000,000 pounds of iron, and costing $1;,700,000, it stands as the architectural endeavor of human hands. It is by far the largest building in the world, 1,687 x 787 feet in area, and in its central hall alone can seat 75,000 people. This hall, unbrok balcony or a projecting column can be seen at a glance, though its stupendous size can scarcely be comprehended. It is 1,280 feet long and 3s80 wide, with an aisle surroundin width. Over the aisle and encircling the entire building, is a gallery 50 feet wide. The south end of this building overlooks the Grand Basin and its eastern flank extends nortl from the shore of Lake Michigan. The building has four grand entrances, one at each end and one at each side. They are eighty feet high and forty feet wide and are ado whole building inside and out, with magnificent groups of statuary. Extending through the whole length of the central hall is a veritable street, Columbia Avenue, lined on e handsome lamp-posts. Thronged with people, this grand avenue could well be likened to a great thoroughfare in some large metropolis; it might well be termed "A Road Through th 43 at Rome, four most gigantic ten by a single g it 107 feet in hward not far rned as is the ither side with World." A PICTURESQUE CORNER.-In the descriptions of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building it is claimed that beauty has been sacrificed in the interest of immensity. In the glimps............... M~i~i::i:,:::- I~~~ ~:!33!:1:.::::i::....::::::::-::::::::.:::-:-::- ~~:l~:;!!::~!!,i!;i!~... however, of the north-east corner, this claim seems to lose its chief force. The structure is so huge that, looked at in its entirety it is difficult to realize that beauty anywhere exists, 1 a detail like this all difficulty vanishes. The view is from the Wooded Island and embraces a jutting point covered with dense shrubbery anl trees. Smooth and placid is the water of it lies in the foreground and stretches around the point apparently up to the very foundation of the Governinert Building, the south facade of which is seen on the left. Near it little structure known as the United States Hospital. But a grand picture is afforded on the right. Here indeed can be noticed the beauties hitherto unseen. Now we behold the graceft makes the four corners of this structure so attractive. Here are the perfect proportions of the great cap which crowns these noble features, while we also discern with wonderful clearn of its northern facade, accentuated by its very massiveness, and all rendered entrancing by the delicate lace-like fringe of the island foliage, whose shadows are in marked contrast with white of the building. 45II ---lI:::-~::I a:i: i: -: a;e given above, but in face of f the lagoon as is the square ul arch which less the beauty i the polished 45 V~ 2 a >0 - 4 E ^3 ct ).; (V C J 3 S 3 C1,Q X o3tO ` to. _ ~ V) S rJ O crYE,3~r ~ ^ v, Cl Sj = cc O O LS *- ^ U" s: * 3 <+.':; () X t~ 303 au -S "~ -C 'i- C W db~: (E Q F- - s; qj c Y 0 c V ) ^3* S. LT 0L ~ c, ~ E. c^ ca( u-5 5~ I k2l ^Pa ^'"3 cu(/ 1^, Sn ii C" -; Q h- rt m r, T3) CO erf tL i D- S e L I" cc * - bO -E 3 'ts S X C> Q >C c^) 1 U ed X - - X; 5 *i O V)_ M XCL c ^5; -^ ~ =t Cu 0 a) V) 3Edh oj S::=,-C ''' Z= s: v;E C n =. 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'Tff: ~ t0 00:::: i: if 0:0:: D 0 ~ l:,!:, 7: z~:3.0 0 l00:00 l0 000 GERMANY'S IRON GATES.-From the oldest book of the Hebraic scriptures we find that "the artificer of iron" was the distinguished character or genius of his time. In the amplest s be termed a precious metal to mankind, and the progress of the several nations can well be indicatcl by their employment and mastery of it. The wrought iron gate above is from Ge three great sections forms the fence ol boundary to the magnificent display of that empire in Manufactures and Liberal Arts. As some people conclude it is a more fitting subject for p the monster Krupp cannon, inasmuch as it betokens a genuine progress in the mechanical arts of peace and the refinement that springs from them. Anyhow it is an admirable e; perfection of workmanship, flowing lines, graceful curves, and that dainty touch of high art which can only be described by the pictorial semblance, is probably on a par with the best iron-work that have ever been forged. This is no small triumph, as both England and this country have been considered unapproachable in the craft of Vulcan, though there are son cities, Nuremberg for example, which have been famous for artistic forging through many generations. It is pleasing to note that this masterpiece of German handicraft is duly apprec triple gate having become the property of a Chicago gentleman at the cost of $20,000. 51 ense iron may rmany, and in ride even than xhibit, and in specimens of ie old German:iated here, the fTALY'S DAINTY DISPLAY.-Just within the main south portal of the Manufactures Building, on the left side of Columbia avenue, is the beautiful pavilion of Italy shown in above pic construction 90 feet high, in that sumptuous Romanesque which is so typical of luxury and refinement, and yet apparently but a modest casket for the jewels of industrical art that within. These embrace as many as 665 exhibits. from all the chief cities of the Italian peninsula, and both in detail and arrangement they well bear out the claim which is made for this "nursery of the fine arts." Not the simplest appliance of household life but is here presented in some form of beauty, while the collection of decorative objects in bronzes, marbles, mo tapestries, intaglios, glass-ware, jewelry, laces, silken and other fabrics, is simply dazzling in its splendor and variety. Any one of these bright creations the traveler would bring as Rome, Florence or Milan, and place among the treasures of bric-a-brac in his home. Here they are assembled in lavish profusion and of an excellence which was to challenge rivalry as so successfully on this latter point that almost everything in the pavilion was sold to wealthy Americans during the progress of the Fair. The Italians have exhibits in other building City, including, of course, a matchless display of paintings, but nothing they have sent so captivates the popular heart as the contents of this dainty pavilion. 53 ture. This is a are displayed country as the isaics, carvings,; a prize from well as purses, s in the White FROM THE CZAR'S DOMINIONS. —One of the largest and most imposing pavilions in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building is that of Russia. It occupies a space nearly an acre i its construction shows a skill and a degree of artistic talent not generally suspected of the people of that country. The location is near the south end of the building. There are entrances but the main one is at the north corner, where it adjoins on Columbia avenue the Belgian pavilion. This entrance is formed of a scroll-like arch cut into the base of a lofty an tower. Along Columbia avenue is the main facade, an elaborately ornamented and extremely artistic front, having an average height of seventy-five feet. Russia has a number of rich e: Fair, the total value of all being about a half million dollars. That in the Mines and Mining Building is perhaps the most valuable, as there are displayed a rare collection of diamo precious stones. In this pavilion are to be seen some wonderful paintings and groups of statuary which can but give the Northern Empire the credit of being far advanced in the field The prominent features of this exhibit, however, are a display of fine silks, some beautifully carved furniture and a very considerable array of jewelry and precious stones. Furs a conspicuous product, and scattered about in a sort of sumptuous profusion are skins of great value, those of the dainty sable and the priceless ermine setting off that of the national b< 55 in area, and in e a number of id picturesque xhibits at the nds and other of fine arts. re of course a ear. ....... < '', '\ at, IF *& I '" I N i SWISS ART AND INDUSTRY.-It is but natural that when a country or a people has gained a reputation in some one particular field, its specialty, whatever it may be, should consti attraction in any display which it might make at a World's Fair. it is safe to say that the average visitor upon entering the Swiss pavilion in the Manufactures and Liberal Art. nothing but the Swiss watch in mind. The exhibit as seen must have astonished such a person in no small degree. Swiss watches there are, it is true, lots of them, but what a revel The pavilion is a large one and the walls are adorned with the finest display of wood carp:g( ever placed on exhibition. To give an adequate description of the beautiful designs ar handicraft snown in the figures, single and in groups, in the flower pieces, the scroll work and the aninmals, would defy the powers of the ablest pen. It is undoubtedly the largest and fir wood carving ever seen in the world. Among these artistic decorations are a number of exquisite paintings of Swiss scenery; the Castle of Chillon made famous by Byron, a view of Ger Alpine scenes, being the most conspicuous. There are in the Swiss exhibit case after case of beautiful watches of all sizes and designs, there are music boxes of most exquisite choice, carving is the Hlory of the Swiss display and can but excite the highest admiration for the genius of this people. 57 tute the chief s Building had lation besidesl id the skillful nest display of ipva, and some but.he wood ENTRANCE TO BELGIAN PAVILION.-The Belgian pavilion is ain attractive display in itself even without the wonderful exhibit it contains. Like Solomon's Temple it was all practical it ever left its native shores, and on arrival at the Exposition was put together without the sound of a hammer or saw. This pavilion, by its artistic design, rather prepares one for the elaborate features of its contents. From the very first the designers proved themselves to be artists by securing perfect measurements of the pavilions which were to adjoin the o engaged on. Thus they provided for a facade of a uniform height with the others, and thus secured a desirable artistic effect. On Columbia avenue is a high arched entrance, the ma exhibit, and on either side are three lower arches, the effect of the whole being one of extreme grace and beauty. The solid columns on the sides of the main entrance and at each end o ar, richly decorated, as are also the cornice, the entablature and the pediment above the entrance. The main feature of the Belgian exhibit is a furniture display of the richest possible and of carving to denote the highest talent in both design and execution. The plate glass exhibit is also one of a great merit and shows that this people are indeed rivals of the I manufacture of this material. In bronzes too there is no mean display and in artists' materials the exhibit exceeds any other at the ExpositioiI. 5 9 y built before richness and ne they were ain one to the Af the pavilion e upholstering French in the DANISH TASTE AND tHtANDICRAFT.-Little Denmark on the map is not much of a place, but in the falily of the nations it cuts a highly respectable figure. The present "royal Dane,' portal, constructed to represent the three towers which form the Copenhagen coat of arms. The middle one of these is ninety feet high, the two lesser towers being each sixty teet. T1 variety, taste and excellence. In one section are beautiful landscapes from all parts of Denmark and its colonial dependencies. Another has a faithful reproduction of what was the living room of Hans Christian Andersen. The famous sculptures of Thorwaldsen are also shown. Statues of these two great men are among the salient objects in the enclosure, and the re; is occupied by choice displays of iewelry and gold and silver ware, decorative porcelains and terra cotta, laces, embroideries, carvings, and many like products of the industrial arts. k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --- ENs. N? Ai i~r NAii- ~ — x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~B~~~~O DAIH ATEADHADCRF.-ite emakoi h ra i ot11IC1ofaplcbu n h fm~ o hentin t us liIlvrspcabef3ue Teprsn "oalDn ha asn h i ulr fGreeadaghe epes f usia, ad aothr dugher ho i enitld t benex uen o Grat ritin.Denar -ake anad rabe sowig a Wolds ai. boe s reeneda ie o hrpailonintie anfatuesBuldng rgt crssth asl fomtie amot dspayo Rssa.Th vewistht f he an acd portal, constructed to represent the three towers which form the Copenhagen coat of arms. The middle one of these is ninety feet high, the two lessertowers beino, each sixty teet.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~iii~iii~ii inteelterso h or tCpnae adCiao heebaoe evc vrteenrne engta fteDaih nrh isl.Tl xhbt otiedi h ai vait, at ndecllne n n ecinae euifllnscpsfrmalpat f emr adis ooil eedece.Ante hsafitflrerdcio fwhtwsth ii romo asCrsia nesn h amu cltrso Towlsnaeasoson tte f hs w ra enaeaogteslinojcsi h ecoue n h isocuid ycoiedipay fjeeryadgodan ile ardeoatv oreaisad eracttlceemridre, aviga an ik rdut o he dstil rs "for example, hlie Columbian and its elegant he clock dials )n are of rare g and working st of the space 61 MOORISH ARCADE FROM SPAIN.-At the very time Columbus was hovering about Queen Isabella in order to secure her aid for his voyage of discovery, she was engaged in wa; Moors. For seven hundred years this swarthy race had overrun tihe southern part of Spain. Here they had built and dwelt, and it was not until the siege of Grenada, when Boabdi king, surrendered and retired to the African shores, that the Spaniards succeeded in ridding themselves of these troublesome invaders. But though Ferdinand and Isabella drove tl their shores, the Alhambra remained. This wonderful structure with its unique entrances and corridors and its elaborate decoration, has furnished the Spanish architects with design of years. Though the Moors were driven from Spain, their architecture remains, and has wrought its influence on the conquerors. Entirely consistent is it, therefore, that in the cc their pavilion in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, the structure should be a type of the Moorish style. As shown above, with all the exhibits removed, it is a remarkably at The retreating arcade, with its dainty marble columns and uniquely designed roof, is almost a reproduction of a hall in the famous Alhambra, and when filled with the rich art works trophies of this people, formed an exhibit which won general admiration. rfare witn the 1, the Moorish e enemy from for hundreds Instruction of tractive affair. and industrial 63 k- ^ -- It: I:;:at l r1 - 3 ~ *- 0 t *_ g CZWS._^ C: 4, 3 v= 0 * S * ' O L S, ~ S* a;S S, 2 C O E * = ~t * - g ^ r, =C 3vC O c o t >8 s > 3 L<, a3C- X a i a O Co!._ E: O >r s "5 -S g |) 3.~ o La, n 3 < qj C's s E l cd a Cd~~~~~~C Qu W: au*- '" O a oc O u< t 3 C:. Q. g g. a 3~~~~~~~~. t^;> = s 5 v bjn CQ O =: vn _ '7_ 5 = S tit S i O( O O vC k c, ~e O ts cM. MXn r: c, o =, f)X v>,aj _ S D u -C s~ cu, z g= -. a aov'~ ^^S;-;& I^I^J!! qC ^.e S ~c -r 2< .^2^^ *5) oc.A ' INTERIOR OF MACHINERY HALL.-Machines are the paramount symbol of modern material progress. The display of them at this World's Fair is the greatest ever seen on earth. a which they are housed, with its huge annex, is dignified by the title of "Palace of Mechanical Arts." Above is a view of the vast interior, looking along th, annex eastward. The main 1; has a triple-arched roof, gives the appearance of three immense exposition halls in one. A gallery fifty feet wide surrounds the interior of the whole structure, and there are monster t over each of the three naves to assist in the placing and removal of heavy exhibits. From the platforms of these are obtained wonderful views of the forest of moving mechanism. T convey power is supported on their huge iron columns. The engines that supply it are forty-four in number, many of them being Titans of 1,000 horse-power each. On Milwaukee is 2,000 horse-power, and an aggregate of 20,000 horse-power represents the driving force ordinarily in use. It need not be said that several of these engines as well as multi machines are extremely beautiful. The best and most graceful types of all nations are present. To attempt any detail of the exhibits is simply useless. In the photograph before u brick-making machines, wood-workers, and the famous Worthington pump engines. Silk looms are in full operation. So are printing presses and many other contrivances. 73 'he building in building, which raveling cranes he shafting to e engine from itudes of other s can be seen THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.-This view is from the west end of the Grand Basin, the facades forming a wall of architectural beauty along its south border. Tie building is 800 size and cost $618,000. It is but one story in height and yet by the beauty of its construction, is on an equality with all its imposing surroundings. The main entrance, in the center of exposure is sixty-four feet wide and is thirty in depth The Corinthian pillars, five feet in diameter and fifty feet in height, give the entrance a grandly imposing effect. Great pavili( corners and in the center is another, 144 feet square, all of them of unique and attractive design. The architecture is of hereoic style and the numerous groups of statuary, adornir domes,, give the building a very striking appearance The rotunda is about 100 feet across; looking upward the beholder sees the great arch of the grand dome, and through the forms its roof, come the softened rays of light by day. By night, while a myriad of electric jets gleam in the vast arched expanse above, one can imagine a new firmament has beer studded with twinkling stars. The building is handsomely decorated throughout, and the statuary bestowed with a lavish hand, shows by the appropriate designs that profound j employed as well as superb artistic skill. The interior arrangements of the building afford ample accommodations for the meetings of all associations identified with the agricultural inter x 500 feet in the northern ons form the ig the lesser glass which n discovered, udgment was rests. 75 NAVE OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.-Ten thousand separate pictures would scarcely do justice to all the beautiful and artistic exhibits to be found in the chief buildings of the Wo even were they tenfold multiplied they could not convey such a just idea of the Exposition, its hugeness and its magnificence, as do general views like the above of the interior of Agricu The vista down this noble structure is 800 feet in length, and including the galleries the amount of floor space occupied is about 600,000 square feet. All the states and territories of here represented by their soil products and tillage devices, and there are many elaborate pavilions, with similar displays, from the chief foreign nations of the world. Certain single ex of a striking character, both in material and novelty of arrangement, and some of these include statues and other decorative features that would not seem out of place in the Palace of 1 scope of the department embraces all manufactures from products of the soil, and therefore everything in the nature of bread, biscuit, starch, gluten, sugars, syrups, confectionery, p and food preparations, tea, coffee, spices, animal and vegetable fibres, pure and chemical waters, wines, cider, liquors, malt beverages, tobacco and cigars. Most of these are necess mere luxuries of life, but the industries they represent are in all lands the very basis of material prosperity. rid's Fair. But ltural Building. the Union are hibits are also Fine Arts. The reserved meats ities and some FROM MICHIGAN FARMS AND FORESTS.-The day when Michigan could boast of her wealth of pine lands is gone, but in its place, yes, trebly filling the vacancy in revenue and more distinction as a producer, is the supply of fruit which she yields to her people. Above is a view of the Wolverine State's exhibit in the Agricultural Building, and it is to that I attention is now called. Still rich in hardwood lumber; having almost inexhaustible mines of all kinds of ore; having manufactures that are simply gigantic in scope and in importance factors in the business of the country, she holds a position as a fruit-growing State second only to California itself. Her importance in the agricultural field was thus easily recognized, over 2000 feet in area was given for her display. The exhibit is a rich one, and it leaves no wonder in the mind that so productive a commonwealth should have practically no State deb very favorably with all those about it as do the Michigan exhibits in the other buildings. There are States noted for certain lines of products. Some are known as mineral States, some and some for other specialties, but Michigan can fairly claim to furnish a greater variety of products and furnish them in greater abundance, than any other State represented by a star of the Union. 79 giving her far particular field as commercial and a space of t. It compares as agricultural, in the galaxy I: I Iff TRANSEPT OF AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.-Within as well as without the Agricultural Building is among the most striking and magnificent of the World's Fair palaces. h lle aaove noble transept, taken from the gallery at the east end. Onward into the distance extend the food and produce exhibits of all the chief nations, their pavilion spaces ranging in area 15,000 square feet. The displays show an endless variety of natural resources, as they also prove how far the comforts of the race are dependent on the interchange effected by commr the coffees of Arabia, Brazil and Mexico, the teas of China, Japan and India, the spices of the Malay Peninsula, the wines of Portugal, France and Spain, the fruits of Greece and tl islands, the breadstuffs of our own and many foreign lands, and in addition to these the choice food preparations for which certain cities or regions have become famous. Each stat makes the most of its specialty, and in many cases are symbolic or decorated pavilions erected at great cost, to show off the merits of some toothsome table delicacy or rare beverage difficulty in learning the character of the exhibits. Each has its own label giving name of the object, name of producer, how grown, soil, climate, and a variety of like data. The ce products from the States of the Union make an imposing display. The wonderful capacity of this soil, with the variety and excellence of its products, are here so abundantly manifesl one proud to be an American, proud to belong to a land that is as bountiful as it is spacious. 81 is a view ot its from 1,000 to erce. Here are ie West Indian Le and country!. There is no reals and farm ted as to make AN OLD TIME GRIST MILL.-"Where, oh, where is Duluth?" was the satirical outburst of Proctor Knott, only a few years ago, when a modest harbor appropriation was besought f< settlement. Nevertheless in this great World's Fair Duluth is very much in evidence indeed. In the Minnesota State building a generous space is devoted to a relief map of the port a exultingly styled "the Zenith City of the Unsalted Seas." And Duluth herself, in all the Minnesota exhibits, makes a splendid showing from her warehouses and elevators, factories, lum mills, and of the rich soil products of that far Northwest to which she is the natural gateway. Above most things, however, the stalwart young city is proud of her flour-mills, in which efforts of modern invention and constructive skill are applied to the production of material for our daily bread. It is to point a contrast between the past and present, that a Duluth fi this old time grist mill, just as it stood 150 years ago at Reading, in Pennsylvania. That was a period when machinery was in its infancy and men had only learned to use wind or watel them in mechanical tasks. Withal they were our own forefathers, the brave pioneers of the nation, who trudged to those ancient mills with their small loads of grain, and the clatter of was a sweet music to those who first reaped a harvest in the sunshine of liberty. 83 or that remote nd town, now lber and flour I the very best rm also sends r power to aid the millstones THE ELECTRICITY BUILDING.-This structure has been a theme of no little adverse criticism, the grand pylon into which the main entrance is cut being regarded as its only beauts certain complexity of style can be noted in the architecture. There is an excellent reason for this. It is found in the fact that conformity to its surroundings made this treatment nece buildings having a frontage on the Court of Honor were by general consent given the same height of roof line. It is the carrying out of this idea which lends such a charm to that grea grouping. On the western facade of Electricity Building the architects were met with other conditions and in conforming to these the suspicion of a lack of harmony was aroused. T however a grand one and is admirably adapted for its purpose. It is 700 feet long and is 345 feet wide, the western front extending along the line of the North Canal and the north fr lagoon with the charming Wooded Island in full view. Successive Corinthian pilasters, 3Y feet wide and 42 feet high, compose the outside walls. Four domes and ten smaller tow roof of any suggestion of flatness. The south entrance, where the superb statue of Franklin has been placed, is the main feature of interest in this building, aside from the electri contains. This entrance has already been described with a former view. 85 y. It is true a 'ssary. All the it architectural he structure is *ont facing the ers relieve the cal exhibits it are more conspicuous for elaborate decoration, but none can offer such a combination of beauty and imposing grandeur as this entrance from the Grand Plaza, i} __= i 01.......... 110t consists of a great solid pylon into which is cut a grand arch 58 feet wide and nearly 100 feet high. Thus there is formed a huge semi-circular niche with a half dome for its roof. It is in this niche that Franklin has been placed, a heroic, striking figure, among all the groups and single figures in the White City. The design of the pylon is magnificent. It at once indicates great solidity, and the tasteful decorations, the statuary, groups and bas-reliefs which adorn the front make good its claim to beauty. The interior is handsomely treated, the ribs which form the half dome making panels which are covered with devices taken from the Renaissance. It is a grand, a magnificent portal into a grand and magnificent exhibit. 87 THE GENII OF ELECTRICITY.-The power obtained through the application of electricity appeals to the average mind as something almost supernatural. This fact makes the Palac a place of absorbing interest and to hundreds of thousands of visitors the wonders of the brilliant display seem nothing less than miraculous. Here indeed does it appear that the fab high carnival and put forth all their powers to enchant the mortals of earth. Among all the various features of the World's Fair nothing offers so interesting an educational field as is exhibit. The wonders accomplished in electrical science in recent years have excited an intense desire for a deeper knowledge of its mysteries. This great building is filled with electrical here every feature can be studied at will. The secrets of the telephone are revealed and those who have wondered at the "Hello" they have been enabled to hear from some familiar vo be miles away, gain much information regarding it, though perhaps their wonder at the invention may thereby be increased. In the Electricity Building can be seen all manner of ma4 production of electrical currents, electric motors, the ways ot heating and lighting and cooking by electricity, and the adaptation of its energies to the sciences of surgery, dentistry anc Here can be seen all the advances made in the field of electricity since Franklin first succeeded in bringing that element from the clouds to be the agent and servitor of mankind. e of Electricity )led genii hold found in this appliances and )ice, known to chines for the I therapeutics. 89 it i-.y i:-:.:. ^ 4......... ii:::: j::$:B gg - s i:,,:. 'X: i: ~.:n:-::\::: >:-*, 0 A:: -E GERMAN ELECTRICAL DISPLAY.-The small number of countries making exhibits in the Palace of Electricity shows the progress effected in the application of tils science to the nee The only nations making any attempt at display in this field are the United States, Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Japan. Of these the United States largest exhibitor, the credit for second in importance being about equally divided between France and Germany. Though the former of these may perhaps be the more extensive, Germany is of decided interest from its nature. While this country makes a superb showing in the general line of electrical inventions, dynamos, motors, galvanic batteries, electri clocks, telephones, electric signalling apparatus, and an extensive exhibit in scientific instruments, there is one feature of its consignment which is particularly noticeable. This is a cc of search lights. One concern at Nuremberg has sent a grand assortment in that line. It is claimed that some of the devices shown have the power to project a sufficient light to pern of a newspaper fifty miles away. A smaller light of this class has been amply tested, and served to perfection at a distance of forty miles, while every visitor to the Fair has seen the m; such lights in the illumination of the grounds and buildings by night. 91 ds of mankind. is naturally the, the display of c fans, electric )mplete exhibit nit the reading agical effects of — is~ we age~~~.~~~................. - - --- Or " 7 i X 'D' 0I::: 9&2? i - 'o? 1 *^ -^ i shi iiiii.. s... l M MINES AND MINING.-This is a front view taken from a point north on Wooded Island. The building is located immediately west of the Electricity Building and east of the sou Transportation Building. In size it is 700 x 3:0 feet and the architecture is of the rigid classic which prevailed before the downfall of the Roman Empire, To relieve the austerity however, the architect has taken some degree of inspiration from the French, consisting chiefly in the adoption of certain domes and spires, not by any means lofty it is true, but whi< degree, have modified the general effect. There are four entrances to this building, one on each side, and one at each end, the latter being commonly regarded as the main portals exit. These are, as to size, simply enormous. They are grandly arched and elaborately adorned with artistic emblems of the exhibits contained within. At the corners are four sq connected with the main structure by richlv ornamented galleries, and surmounted by low domes. As to the interior of this building, the broad stairways at either side of the four e very prominent features. These lead to th galleries in which are displayed many of the naturally interesting exhibits of this section of the Exposition. S:: \:::::::;: 0:::: C: dS i?:; s (: dS00:X:;::f000:: \::::::: ft: M -:: -:: s ' -::: -: r w -: - - s r - S - - - - - w J' I l_:: I r::::: z - l;:: z g ~~ DI: j _ fD a l _ D g _ i 3 E_ E "_ l E_ i BE I E8 l 3 I E 3 | - I _2ii3 | - 3333aD I - Da l _ | _a R B j _ N i:aE liare.-s BE m33 - _ - - _g - _ME 3a 3 aD3 _ 333 a333 3S_ DaN _ 833 Da _ _ - -:. - 3a * r *!! | - - _ _ _ llr 3llkl | B33 5 gDi _eB *3 S 3_a 1151 DSlilllED a3a aD333as Da3 D - 3B3333a us D3 aDE 3_lDa D 3 33_ _ _is 1i1 lar - _33 - 3aa * | * l _ - _ * _ E _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ _ | _ _s | _ - _ _ - _ _ | _ _D _ | _ _ | _ _ _ | _ 3_ 3 _ _ 3a * _ s * _ _ _ | _ | s | _ _ _ * _ _ - | _ _ _ * _ _ _ * _ _ * _ -_ _ * _ _ - _Na _g _ s - _ _ _ _ I I I I I I _I th half nf the y of this style, ch, in no small of ingress an... uare pavlllons, zntrances form 93 ,e: ^*^l ~aj < - o E c- c=S J 0 z C3 s s ~r 6; s H b0' C ^ 3 o -^ -* 33:5 c _,E 2 S O =: C_ C <) u tu~ <,:* 5 S-4 -21il 4-4 v, ~~ 3 3.4 -c o: 0 O s: Q C o._ uu.C r. 0 C cd:: U._ v 9d U:r W._ E E: O = ed ct C L c; a c t 5. 2. >; < c 3., 'e o E~, c 3:: - 4 cS. L:.... k o 1;; ^ 3 0 0 br, 3 - E c^^ X c, s ~,,- 0 S ), >-~ S S^C. o. ~ '.~ - 0 '~ ~<..u, > = Q _* V ct 3 - 7L 5 0 8 QS < a,> g bO < tt 3:s, a = (9 5 c2 a E ". g= ~L S ~o Lb Ce X q) ~t cs._ ^ 't c5 - 4-1 - i~ - 4- g- '0 ^ 0~^S^ TOOLS AND PRODUCTS OF THE MINES.-Above is a view inside the Mines and Mining Building. In the state in which nature presents them but few minerals are beautiful. It is by toil of men they are freed from their coarse surroundings, their lustre and colors developed, and they are transformed into myriad shapes of utility and elegance. Of all the pursuits of is the grimiest and least inviting, and yet in this great interior is a noble and attractive display of the mere tools and raw products of the mines. The common metals naturally occupy the and a strong practical interest is shown in the machinery and methods by which they are extracted and refined. What are usually called the precious metals command a greater ad visitors stand in crowds around the glittering exhibits of gold and silver ores from California, Montana and Colorado. Precious stones above all come in for the keenest attention, and in the world has there been so large and varied an exhibit of them. Here are garnets from Alaska, amethysts and sapphires from Georgia, opals, emeralds and other gems from a num and a complete exhibit of diamonds and diamond washing from the African Cape Colony. The pavilion of North Carolina is in designs of mica, Kentucky presents a room of the MA and Iowa a miniature coal mine. Some of the foreign pavilions are equally splendid or curious. The whole department is teeming with strange interest. 99 7 the art and' man, too, this. largest space, Imiration, and I rarely if ever iber of states, immoth Cave & THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING.-It detracts nothing from the credit of Chicago, that thile United States Government was the official host and guardian of the Fair. ment Building has a remarkably advantageous location. It is situated on the corner formed by the junction of the North Inlet and the East Lagoon. The view presented above, the across the last named channel, and shows in the shadow the north end of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. To say the least this structure is rather cumbrous. Its adornment is the great dome rising 150 feet from the ground and having a diameter of 120 feet. From this point of observation a magnificent view is obtained of Lake Michigan, r intervening between the dome and that grand expanse of water. The general style of architecture might be termed classic though it is on lines far too heavy to admit of its be beautiful. This building covers an area of 350 x 420 feet and in its interior arrangement is admirably adapted for the purpose of its construction. It contains many exhibits of exce: Along each side, east and west, are wide galleries reached by elegant stairways wherein are exhibited canoes and innumerable features of compact size. On the main floor are which the government has some direct connection, as for instance, a patent office, a postoffice and a treasury department. 101 The Governmain facade, is chief feature of no obstructions ing called very )tional interest. the exhibits in -Adoo TTiI UNDER THE NATION'S DOME.-It is the note of majesty, rather than of mere beauty, that impresses the visitor to the United States Government Building in the White City. And ne better realized than on the floor of the splendid rotunda, as above delineated, immediately under the great dome which is so conspicuous a feature in the landscape without. The statel this interior makes a worthy vestibule to the show-rooms of a great nation. Its ponderous architectural features are softened into gracefulness by their decorations and coloring. glaring contrasts to vex the eye of taste. Over the regular lines of moulding and friezes in the upper stories is a harmonious blending of olive, yellow and blue, most restful in its qualit industries of the country are allegorically represented in the panels, one series portraying ceramics, tapestries, wood carving, stone-cutting and metal work, and the four following leading industries of the north, south, east and west, viz., lumber and mining, cotton and shipping, manufactures and agriculture. On this ground-floor the color scheme includes a b; red with shaded trimmings and stucco in gold relief. Valuable historical cabinets fill the spaces between the entrances to the various departments, which open out from the centre as hub of a mighty wheel. Midway on the floor stands the veritable "big tree" of California, a fitting natural emblem of the powerful and beneficent republic that has also grown up on A] 103 Dwhere is this ly splendor of There are no y. The various the respective ase of Roman rays from the merican soil. VISITORS FROM BEHRING SEA. -Though the seal may not know it, he is amply protected in his interests in the future. The arbitration in Paris in 1S93 settled the matter, and sealsl still be the fashion. In all probability it was this latest feature of the case, rather than the first mentioned, which caused so large a group of ladies to hover about the collection of st exhibited by the Smithsonian Institute in the Government Building. This display is from the coast of California. It does not in fact consist of a group of coimmon seal, but is of the as sea-lions. There is one large walrus from Behring Sea, a sea-otter and some sea-bear from Alaska. There appears to be considerable difference between these branches of the seal fai are distinguished by a covering of hair and the sea-bear has a coating of fur, neither of them beings of the soft texture of the common seal. For the first twenty years after the purchas government rented the best of the seal fishing grounds to a company for $50,000 per annum and a tax of $2 on every skin shipped from the seal islands. In that time this company ca to London above $33,000,000 worth of seal fur. A new lease was entered into with a new company in 1890. The expense to obtain these animals, however, is so great, that the profi to a low figure and the price of the skins must remain high. 105 kin cloaks will uff ed sea-lions species known nily. Sea-lions e of Alaska the tught and sent its are reduced If I:S0:f: F:tN 2An<: S:: ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~j: D i - i.vt:::M 'I AA \ a UNCLE SAM'S CORPS OF KICKERS. -Out of the 21,000,000 visitors to the Fair it is safe to say that there were a good many thousands of old soldiers. It is also reasonable to conclue majority of these took a special interest in many of the exhibits in the Government Building. Following out the same line of thought it is pretty certain when an old soldier came aci exhibit he had memories called up of bygone times that made him shake with laughter, even after the lapse of thirty years. It was of little difference in what department a man served I at on, time or another to have had his experience with the mule. Poor animal! No wonder he obtained the title of "Kicker," for assuredly he did kick, and moreover it is no wond The mule rendered great service during the war and he has never been requited except by blows and rough treatment. No wonder he still kicks. The horse or ox or any beast of bur down and die under the average treatment patiently endured by the mule. He lives on and labors and it is possible he just lives to kick. Among the hosts of mule-train drivers there r on, who would have some pity for the mules. The wonder would be great if there were not, for they were with him in all his hardships and tribulations. They were comrades. man in camp, the sleepy common soldier, colonel, or even general, who was unfortunately near the mule-herd during a night's bivouac, perhaps has reason to remember the creature but satisfaction. 107 de that a large ross the above he was certain ler he kicked. den would lie nay have been But the weary with anything 1..V r i i i ir C i: I I::::: h:, 0,:: ':::::1:: I I C;;:I:C ~V fff g THE HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.-Entirely consistent with the purpose for which it is intended, this structure is in appearance a mammoth hot house, constructed, as to design, size tation, with an apparent reckless prodigality of money. The view given is the central portion, undoubtedly its handsomest and most striking feature, showing the immense glazed two artistic pavilions which border each side of the grand and imposing entrance. The structure is 1,000 feet long and 240 feet wide. It stands on the west bank of the lagoon, between the ends of the wooded island. Stretching north and south from the great pavilion under the main dome, are two galleries at the ends of which are large wings, each formir The central dome is 180 feet in diameter and 144 feet high, erected especially to accomodate the palms and other high trees, exhibited in all the majesty of their natural height. All roof of this building is of glass and the heating and watering facilites are perfect, features of paramount importance for floral or horticultural exhibits. As in the general design, the sai prevails in regard to the ornamentation. The architecture is of the Ionic order of the Venetian Renaissance. Around the entire structure is a magnificent frieze on which the c Cupids and garlands, and though the statuary is limited to six single figures and two large groups, they are of appropriate design and harmonize with the other exceptional beauties ( 109 a and ornameni dome and the about midway ig a gigantic T. mnost the entire me consistency Decorations are )f the building. ;..: ''"^^^^ m X;,,,..^::, * " god 5 ---S X -:s>:<''Tl - -. A:: n- F'y ^. - _ w s O: iki:> ~ 1 * A PEEP AT THE GREAT DOME.-What a splendid combination of art and nature is here presented. The scene is almost sylvan in character. Beyond thie glistening white promenade ap the clumps of evergreens which make the Wooded Island so delightful a spot for a restful saunter. The view given is not far removed from the Hoo-den, which greatly added te picturesqueness, especially at night when the myriads of brilliantly colored Japanese lanterns, hung among the trees, were lighted and shed their fitful rays about the Phoenix Palace. T chosen a wonderfully beautiful spot to delineate. The leaf-covered branches of the larger trees above, with the tops of the shrubs on the island, form an artistic fringe, through an apert can be seen against the cloudless sky the great dome of the Horticultural Building. What a giant it seems and yet how graceful in its form! The apex rises 114 feet from the floor central pavilion and is, at its base, 180 feet in diameter. With the exception of the supporting ribs this immense globular roof is of glass, and affords an admirable covering for the gian other trees that form the gems of this department. At night when this grand dome is lighted by the electric jets inside the effect is one of startling beauty. 111 )pears one of o the general 'he artist has ur.e of which r of the great it palms and A MAMMOTH CONSERVATORY.-To the true lover of nature the Horticultural Building of the Fair is a succession of charminl surprises. Tie huge central pavilion, with its lofty tra and mountains of rare foliage, has already been pictured and described in this portfolio. Between it and thie wing pavilions extend long parallel halls, technically styled curtains, of w pair are glazed all over for the housing of such plants as require most light and heat. These are the delicate pets of tile horticulturist, tile rare exotics from tropical lands and those growths whose bloom is dependent on a ceaseless and loving care. One of these curtains with its treasures of vegetation is what is here presented as a mammoth conservatory, and sur. of whatever rank or means has been privileged to call such a conservatory his own. The exhibitors here are the chief florists and nurserymen ot New York and Pennsylvania. Tl splendor of rare plants is almost bewildering. Roses are in bloom of nearly every imaginable lhue. Orchidts, rhododendrons, azaleas, and the like, are seen in gorgeous raiment, while a vivid or sombre green is afforded by the numerous ferns, palms and rock plants. The very excess of floral n1ovelty would make one cry out with the poet: "Show me tile green grouInd with the datl-odowndillies, And cowslips, and kingcups, and loved lilies." nsparent dome hich the front other sensitive ely no amateur he variety and n undertone of THE MAMMOTH CRYSTAL CAVE. —The mound under the dome of Horticultural building is one of the most pleasing sights in the great White City. Never before was such a wealth varied, brilliant and remarkable, seen blooming together in a single collection. From the equator to the arctic circle all that is brightest and most singular in plant-life lends its charm And a greater wonder still, perhaps, is that which the mound conceals, for within it is the mechanism of the heating apparatus that serves the whole vast structure, enabling the glow to be distributed to the farthest corner where a blossom might pine for it. Below this again is another marvel called the Crystal Cave, to which entrance is given by the door seen in tli which consists in the reproduction of a single chamber of the famous cavern of that name in South Dakota. This is constructed of glittering quartz blocks, stalactites and stalagmites, b its prototype, and being liberally strewn with electric lights, disposed in nooks and grottoes for the most brilliant effects, is a spectacle that dazzles while it delights the beholder. In 1 of South Dakota, erewhile famous as a gold region, is the Mammoth Crystal Cave. It has been explored for thirty-four miles and is said to contain about 1400 rooms connected by tort and all ablaze with crystals of nature's own alchemy. Great multitudes pass under this mound to see the specimen cave room, and the majority of those who do so are heard to breati they must some day take a trip into the far Northwest. 115 of foliage, so to the display. of the tropics iis picture, and orrowed from the Black Hills uous passages, ie a vow that THE RIPE r'RUIT OF FREEDOM.-Much has been saicd andl written about the artistic features of the Wo0rldds Colulllmbian Exposition. The magnificence of the builiidin's has been con the beauty and picturesqueness of the grounds have been praisea; the exquisite ctecorations both ot the buiidings and the grounds have been extolled; the statuary and the exhibits have al meed of eulogy, but there is yet one field in which the hand of the artist can be traced which has to a certain extent been neglected. Reference is made to the artistic manner in which natural products have been arranged. A plain woman is often rmade attractive by a haljndsolme, well-fitting and tasteful attire. Certain kinds of material and certain articles advantages than do others for an elegant effect. In this regard the Californians were particularly fortunate. Their fruit gave them a grand opportunity and full advantage was take display they elaborated in the Horticultural Building. There, as may be seeen above, they reproduced with oranges the Liberty Bell. This unique design is very attractive and may be one of the artistic features of the Fair, as well as the ripe fruit of freedom. This product, indeed, may be said to have proved the salvati-/n of California, for since the large results ( industry fell off the abundance of her grateful fruits has brought her both wealth and population. 117 imnented upon; 1 received their i many of the afford better n of it in the truly regarded of her mining .-. ^ 3. I 2 V).S g O.5 r C.- ^ 3.., _ l 3 m 75,. V) ~'~ * c. 3 t bj 5 < ) - S 2 * ' 5 3 (s y'Vl U 0 o~ c ( s gsE,,.2 a o g V) O - | s = > L~ x c -X; a!:!;, t 3 s. O._. O 5.t:,_ a) 3 ~~.. s:,-3o Z<_ J +' o 3,o;Z; ) c0 S 44 4 --C _X v,...s -, C.. 3 od *- c ~- *^ Us- (U 4 -4 ' bjO — 'T3 < < z) ^ lr oi d igk O. Ot' ' ^ R. co- c. C) - tl D D(F n> 0 3 c 3 t =r 3 3 _ S, C D - o CO C n D 3 f (/- 3 0 g V) R (aj (D - _. 1 R Ctt 3. 5 n _ S ID- m CO a:, 1 '- =I. ---. t,- ~,- D. n pi a ~-~ r~ To He 000 Q-? - 5' rC ~t OF 0 n =C 5 ( 3: P i r~~~t^ -^~C IlctIl c!! FISHERIES BUILDING.-Above is presented to view one ot the White City's most popular structures. Superb, however, as is the work, it fails to show the symbolism of tie piscator feature which its architect took considerable care to make prominent at every point where such emblems might find a place. The entire design of the Fisheries Building, both architecture and its decorations,is wholly consistent with the exhibits ii contains. It is located on the north bank of the North Inlet and just across that canal from the Government Bu each end of the main structure extend two semilunar colonnades, connecting it with duplicate polygonal buildings, one of them occupied by the angling exhibit and the other by the t are the specimens of live fish. In the main building is the general fishing exhibit. One extremely interesting feature of the interior is a great fountain in one of the extended wings. in a rotunda about sixty feet in diameter, having in the center a great basin containing many specimens of all the bright colored fish distinguished for their beauty, such as gold fish, g gold tench, all of which attract great attention as they disport themselves in the limpid pool. The general style of the exterior is of the Romanesque order, made exceedingly attractive towers and tourelles of the Spanish Moresque school. The whole length of this building is about 1,100 feet and the width of the main edifice is 200 feet. The cost is about $200.000. 135 ial interests, a as regards its fildine. From anks In which This is located olden ides and; by numerous - -- --- ENTRANCE TO THE FISHERIES ARCADE.-In all the structures of this wondrous dreamland considerable skill has been exercised to make the adornments of the buildings in perfec their purpose. In no single one has this idea been carried to such elaborate results as in the Fisheries Building. Wherever it was possible to decorate a column, a frieze, an entablatu some marine subject has been chosen for the purpose. The architect made this a chief study and the denizens of both salt and fresh water, of every species known to man, are faithfull The above is the entrance to the eastern corridor or arcade connecting the main building with the polygonal pavilion. This corridor is formed of a series of open arches on ea entrance, which give a great number of capitals susceptible of the decoration peculiar to the building. A close examination of the columns at the entrance will show a large variety c mens. Each column, for a space fully two-thirds down from the cap, is fairly covered with the representation of some kind of fish and each selection is entirely different from its neigh nothing of the animate and inanimate specimens included in the regular exhibit these decorations constitute a study of deep interest. 137:t accord with re or a panel, y reproduced. ch side of the )f finny specibors. Saying ART'S TRIBUTE TO THE FINNY TRIBE.-Taken as a whole the Fisheries Building may well be termed an architectural triumph. The general plan is absolutely unique and is so accordance with the purpose intended as to excite admiration. While such harmony is generally noticeable in all the White City structures, it has here been given a particular promi not only indicated in the plan of the building but in its decoration as well. Every column, every cap, every base, every balustrade and pediment in some way depicts or represents th In this building art has indeed paid a high tribute to the claims of science. And in no part of the work is this perhaps so clearly indicated as in the curving arcades which connec square building with the spherical wings at the east and west ends. These arcades, one of which is shown above, are simply magnificent promenades to either wing. They are ope sides are handsome balustrades with double pillars placed at short intervals rising as supports to the arches above. These arches are of uniform size except that at the middle, v entrances, they are much larger. The decorations, however, are all through elaborate and in some way or another represent fish or other creatures of the watery element. In these stai the piscatorial enthusiasts of the country are wont to meet for an exchange of daily courtesies. 1 c10 il:: S:ii i~ii-iSi -iiii::-ilSi~i-i _:.i i:i '::::Ei-;',,.:iii.ii, gis,,., |,gl -..i -i, 'i~ th u:g l i:,:n::a -:ce::3::::.:::gR: isy 7.'.EEny. tie.:?D'- R '?> 'i, '~'.:'-':'''4 i n o u BInagR'?'020?B?t,:?R''3:?:.f:?h i?' er?:tB: e,RX~ rely arcades al 1JOu THE WOMEN'S BUILDING.-That the women of the country should have a voice, a personality in the World's Columbian Exposition, is a wise and just provision. That a building shs in their name is but a natural outcome of the organization of the Board of Lady Managers. In many respects the Women's Building is considered as one of the most important exhib Its architect is Miss Sophia G. Hayden of Boston, and its beauty and attractiveness are largely augmented by the unique designs for ornamentation by Miss Alice Rideout, of San Franz Enid Yandell of Louisville. The general style is that of the Italian Renaissance. The location is on the west bank of the North Lagoon, which it faces, overlooking the enchanting s by the Flowery Isle situated in that beautiful bay. This building has a frontage of 400 feet and a depth of about 200. The foreground is laid out in terraces, the lower one having an ai down to the edge of the water. This place is made exceedingly attractive by an arrangement of flower beds, filled with the choicest specimens of floriculture. The edifice is form central pavilion with one of similar architecture at each end. Though but two stories in height no appearance of dwarfishness is noted, as the first story is raised about ten feet from t and is reached by wide staircases leading to the main entrances. The groups and singie figures of statuary which adorn this building have all received the highest encomiums from ar 141 ould be erected its of the Fair. cisco, and Miss cene presented rtistic stairway led of a grand he ground line, t critics. TRANSEPT PORTAL, WOMAN'S BUILDING.-The Woman's Building comprises a nave or grand hall extending north and south, with a transept having portals east and west. These are the main entrances and are identical in the matter of architectural features. One of them is delineated above. The conception and plan of this building with all its unique adornments, both of statuary and the lesser decorations on panels, freizes, entablatures or pediments, is entirely the work of the gentle sex. In this is found an added triumph for woman and places her on an equality with man in a new field. This handsome portico we behold is an open balcony above the triple-arched entrance. The entablature is supported by four large Corinthian columns. A beautifully patterned balustrade guards the front of the balcony. The three arches affording ingress to the transept are treated in the Ionic style, the space over the central arch being ornamented with an elaborate floral design. The pediment is decorated with a triangular bas-relief representing the various occupations of women and there are figures typifying "Charity" "Beneficence" "Literature" "Art" and "Home Life." This choice decoration was designed by Miss Alice Rideout of California. The Woman's Building has done great credit to the genius of the sex, and this elegant portal is but one of its numerous attractive features. 143 ~sn!uaS o aalSap paiartu - qj!AM no n! lqnoaM saq puB 'atuoaql ddgq a9soq lsslir aq9qL uo!liodoid ui ssalllnj pur tuwoj ui al!sinbxa,,'lsa& oqtL,, 2u!luasaJdaJ an.~IA aILeUaJ e spurls tuoo utiur aq uI 'uo!lua}ll puptu p qziqam 'AX.jnlls puB sSu!u!id 'laI Jo s.Ao X aLUos aaJ 'Xlgu!p1o3 'Xo!a aUl aql uI 'uo!lpaajad IsouilI aq plnoqs aJaqj juausaiUuxaa aqlj eqt asJno Jo ao alruai ruaas jq.itu 1! pur 'u!euiop lanlru s,utLuom paaaplsuoo si ao!a9lu! aqL s,!atiu s^i ol 9np a9tuoq aql I! pild 9A^q sap!!a aqiL -pnojd aq IlaaX jluj 'uoissajold siq ui spu-ps aq qtiq A\ot!q j9oaBu ou 'UBwU Aur qta!qM jo auo s! insai -tq puV 'uurtUo ol sluolaq 'pap!Aipun put a9ljua?'aananjls aqr Jo Xlo\l aq.i -puiu auilnos-uw aql uuojj peruura sqtl uop!sa9ns jo Tapi ou paaa9jalu!i aJaq seq puaq auilnos-iu ON auoIl pur XlloqM NIOM s~i sl 'pauJa9uo0 axJ suo!pJlo0ap pur surld 'u~lsap sB JBJ os 'pu9 ol Su!uui~aq uo)J juliping suBuruo aql jo uo!lponisuo3 aq~L 'uMoqs uaaq sa!liI!qcrdB si! stq aiJ sT 4ipntu os auiI atllo ou uI 'xas al9ua9 a9q ol aoulBodau! qtlnu jo 3ua9a uB uaaq spq uot!sodxg UBlqunloo S,plOM aoqiL 'J9alsiu- pmzuioa0 9 ll 9 uaq 9jojol9.ltq srtl Unu urijaqm splatl aql Jo urwl spJBO9J sB spuYrs Aou xas aq qoiqAm uodn aurld qtiq ttj azlBUn pur \OU 'o Oq JOMOU 'Plom PABL?Il JO 'XUU 'AX.uno0 siq4 JO UO qo uo0oOm JsI s J su Su! UI UB L q ssal[ 2UIqlqU a 9q 4ouuB: II-*IS3M NI0IA 3H1 PALACE OF FINE ARTS.-In the opinion of the best critics of the world, this structure stands as the ne plus ultra of all the architectural conceptions of later times and of the skill of It is true, in regard to show, the Administration Building occupies a high pinnacle, but this is chiefly for show with but a slender consideration of utility. In the construction ani Palace of Fine Arts, however, is found the true combination of rare beauty and availability. It is in fact a difficult matter to determine which is deserving of the higher commendatior design of the exterior or the ornamentation and convenient arrangement of the interior. It is an oblong structure 500 feet in length and 320 in width, and has been given a superb 1( north bank of the upper pond. The architecture is of the Grecian Ionic order, treated with all permissible freedom. The main structure is divided by a transept 100 feet wide, extend south and at either end, leading to two of the four grand entrances. At the intersecting point rises a magnificent dome sixty feet in diameter. The main corridors and the trans spaces sixty feet wide, and the light, a feature of paramount importance in connection with the hanging of pictures, is received from above. On either side of the building wide galled constructed in which are found many of the most valuable paintings forming this precious collection. On the main floor are the groups of statuary and the larger works of art. 147 human hands. d design of the 1, the exquisite ocation on the ling north and epts have clear ries have been SOUTH PORTAL OF ART BUILDING.-There has already been shown in this series a view of the Art Palace, besides many glimpses that were included in other pictures. But it is a qua beauty to never cloy but rather to court inspection from every point of view and not less close at hand than from a distance. In the present case the artist has taken the observer near portal of the building, as if to satisfy his enthusiasm in the noble Grecian lines, the exquisitely proportioned columns and the chaste Corinthian elegance that has been admire from beyond the waters. It was entirely fitting that the art treasures of the Fair should be enshrined in a structure of purely Hellenic design. Though Egypt may have been their first was assuredly the nursery of the fine arts, and with all the boasted progress of 2000 years nothing has been accomplished in sculpture or architecture, nor even imagined, varied beauty which stands in ruin on her shores. Of all the buildings of the White City this is one which art-lovers have desired to preserve, and if it were possible to convert it marble it would certainly be the brightest jewel of American architectural skill-a hope which is still cherished by thousands whom it has already delighted. This admirable structure by a Chicago architect. 149.lity of genuine to the southern d like a vision: cradle, Greece to surpass the into enduring! was designed NlDIAN TRIBES OP CANADA.-In Canada no less than in this country the aboriginal American seems doomed to extinction. The total number of Indians in the Dominion is est exceed 85,000 souls. Many of the tribes near the frontiel are identical with our own, for in his palmier days the Indian was never particular about geographical boundaries. Nor has much more successful in teaching him civilzation, though it is apparent that very humane and enlightened efforts are put forth in this direction. The exhibit of thie Canadian Ind above is a strong evidence on this point, and its details were studied at the Fair by many public men who are concerned in this grave problem. It is reassuring for the cause of human powerful nations compare notes on such a subject, and one learns with interest that in the older provinces of Canada the Indians have long since been gathered into settlements, undo proper government officers, and in some cases with industrial schools and other helps for hastening their progress to an equalty in all respects with the white settler. Missions und different Christian bodies have also undertaken the work of their religious training and the supervision of their schools. An interesting contrast i seen in the above exhibit between tl these settlements, both of handicraft and intelligence, and the rude appliances of war and the chase from tribes that still roam free by the Saskatchewan and Red River. 151 timated not to s Canada been lians portrayed fity when two er the care of er the care of he products of RELICS OF A NAMELESS RACE-While the ruins and relics of the old world form a theme for every schoolboy, there are antiquities close to this land that should challenge the research. Among the remarkable possessions of Yucatan, the peninsular Mexican state that lies southward of Florida, are no less than "sixty-two ruined cities," all which belonged to occupied this continent before the days of Columbus. Most of these are in the desolate interior and almost inaccessible through dense tropical forests, but the travelers who have report numberless remains of palaces, temples and long lines of streets that abound in sculptured facades, antique images and hieroglyphic inscriptions. The Mayas is the name usuall vanished race that constructed them, but there is much controversy on this point between learned men, and the inscriptions that might reveal have thus far proved undecipherable. monuments pictured above, which stand near the Anthropological Building, are faithful reproductions from the ruins at Uxmal. This now silent city is said to be unrivalled for the m buildings, the richness of its sculptured facades, and the almost classic beauty of its statuary. Conspicuous amongst its edifices are a so-called "nunnery" and the famous Casa del C iovernor's palace. The latter has a wonderful frieze, 325 feet long, exhibiting a row of colossal heads divided into panels. The nunnery is a huge quadrangle, with a frontage 280 very genius of the races who reached them y given to the The group of agnitude of its Jobernador, or feet long, and enclosing a magnificent court. The portal, arch, monoliths and other sculptures above are all moulds from these two buildings. Scholarship will some cay unravel their story. MASTODON AND DEVIL FISH.-Much has been said co icerning the Exposition as an educational ins!itution. Its effects in this direction can not be overestimated. The scope is so reaching that its benefits to the human mind will become, as the years roll by, more anl In )re apparent. There is no fiild in whlich its influence has not been felt, no region of thoug enterprise that has not received a wonderful impetus from the great event. Art in all its branches has already felt and will continue to feel the stimulus; science has gained a wonderfu mechanics will be benefitted ai+d as it advances mankind will reap its share; literature has been stamped with the mark of progress and the spread of knowledge will be without department have the opportunities for study been more freely offered than in anthropology. The exhibit in this department and that of ethnology is as complete as is possible for ma The selection above gives but a meager idea of the whole extent of the display. Here is seen only a mastodon, one of that extinct species of elephant scientists tell about, and clinging with its hideous tentacles reaching out as if in search of prey, is an octopus, a marine creature of the miollusca, which is sometimes called the devil fish. The building from one end to filled with objects every bit as interesting as the above, and al! supplying an admirable field of study. 1 55 broad and farht, learning or ii momentum; limit. In no.n to make it. to the ceiling ) the other is IN SHOE AND LEATHER BUILDING..-The World's Fair has done its part to uphold the venerable claim that "there is nothing like leather." This is the only industrial material that honored with a separate and exclusive building. Above is a view of its interior, which the most casual survey shows to be full of interest and variety and by no means lacking in ad( sources and kinds of leather are in fact almost as numerous as the types of the animal kingdom, the skin or hide of almost every brute creature, from the alligator to the elephant, bein! human industry into this valuable staple. All these classes of leather are here shown, whether of home or foreign production, with the successive stages and methods of manufactui articles made from leather are also shown in immense variety, the place of honor being given to the countless forms ot footwear, a product for which this country now stands prefamous shoe-making towns of New England have an elegant series of displays. The Crispins of other lands are also here to compete, and from a dainty Morocco dancing slipper to a fist long boots, all the best models are arrayed in order. Incidentally are shown the footgear prevalent in every land from the age of sensible Roman sandals down to that of sensele bottines, to-wit, this fin de siecle time we call our own. 157 has here been ornment. The g converted by re. The chief -eminent. The herman's yard-.ss high-heeled MONARCHS OF PLAIN AND MOUNTAIN.-To some it may have seemed strange that a collection of natural history, including the two gladiators depicted above, should have found its Shoe and Leather Building. But the needs and pursuits of humanity are curiously blended with certain of the lower animals. Who can dissociate the Arab from his horse, t from his dogs or the Laplander from his reindeer? The bison of the American plains, which we persist in miscalling the buffalo, has been ruthlessly exterminated from the path of civ: aboriginal natives of this country are also fading away, and it is easy to perceive the connection of the two facts. While the buffalo was monarch of the prairies, migrating in vast h seasons, the Indian found a sure subsistence even with bow and arrow. And as the buffalo was a good provider, so the other "critter" in this picture was the evil genius alike frontiersman. Sometimes it was called the "mountain lion," but more often the painter (for panther) or catamount. Naturalists prefer to give it the Indian name of Couguar, and pro most savage feline discovered on this continent. When hungry it was liable to attack any four-footed beast, and this duel with a lordly buffalo may not only be a striking symbol, bi 4"from the life." 159 s way i.nto the the Esquimaux ilization. The erds at stated )f Indian and nounce it the ut an incident INTERIOR OF TERMINAL STATION.-Passing within the bounds of the marvelous White City the average visitor is almost always in a hurry. Whether at morn or dewy eve he is ea deep into the sea of fascinations before him. Going forth again, some hours later, he is no less likely to be tired and half-bewildered, and on both occasions, therefore, may fail appreciate the beauties that lie on the very threshold of this fairyland. One of these the artist crystallizes in an exquisite picture from the interior of Terminal Station, the view embr known as its main or central section. Few of the hurrying thousands who pass through this stately hall, 200 feet in depth, would dream that it is almost modeled from that of the Baths whose famous ruins in Rome still attest the splendors of a long vanished empire. A most striking effect is given by the wide gallery that extends entirely round it, and also by the frie four immense clock dials which indicate the time at all the chief cities of the world. A great deal more than this, however, can be learned in this enchanting hall. Under the shadow of arches the intelligence of the railroad official blooms into a flower of courtesy. Travelers to and fro can learn all about conveyances to all parts of the world; while those who are curie Fair itself if they will but pause at the elegant Information Bureau, may hear in any language known to civilized races almost anything that civilized beings are interested in knowing. 161 i I i i ger to plunge to observe or -acing what is of Caracalla, ze of twentythese Roman Dus about the THE WORLD'S GREATEST DYNAMO.-At the south end of the Exposition grounds, east of the Dairy barns, is the building of the Intramural Railroad Co. which contains the above largest ever constructed for the generation of electric power. When it is considered that this railroad is 62 miles long, has sixteen trains of cars in constant movement, and this aggre frequently crowded with passengers, some idea may be formed of the energy sent forth by this revolving giant. It may be desirable to many, however, to know just what an electric C 1864, thirty years ago, the Italian Pacinotti described in a scientific journal an "electro magnetic machine," and said it could be used to generate electricity by applying power to revolve Nothing came of it at the time, but in 1873, at the Vienna Exposition, somebody accidentally picked up and attached to the terminals of an electro-magnetic machine the ends of two wir lying on the ground. These two wires happened at that moment to be attached to another similar machine that was running by steam power. The idle machine began to move like the became known what very strangely was not known before, or revealed by investigation, and the revolutionary twins were born, the dynamo and the motor, which are together changing the civilized world. The dynamo grew in potency to meet the demand for electric lighting, and this Samson of the Intramural is by far its most powerful type applied to locomotior 163 e Dynamo, the gate of 64 cars )ynamo is. In * the armature. 'es which were e other. Then g the aspect of 1. f:000;d 0 S ME:::~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_:0:::::;: A: t:;:::::::::iS:: X:: A:::::::::::0s X: i:: I: A:::0: In::: S 0 0 a: 7:::: d::::Xi: A:: 0 i:: X:0:; 0 i: of:: 0: A;:::::0:000::: t:0:::: 7 i I d l:0 D 0 t 0 f 0 07 - 77:::: Aft A:::::::: A:::: b::::: 0 X 0 0::::: ME an: X 7:::: ff Stid:0;;0000:: f:: t;:0: And;::;:000:: I:: Hi:; 7 E: 0 THE PERISTYLE AND GREAT SOUTH PIER.-Entirely in accord with the whole conception of the Fair is the idea of a grand water entrance from the outside world to the charms of dreamland. It was a true measure of propriety, too, that this triumphal arch should be guarded on either hand by the States and territories which form the Union, and be surr artistic group of statuary representing Columbus making his entry to the White City. This is the Peristyle and the Grand Arch connecting the Music Hall on the north and the Casin The Peristyle is formed by forty-eight noble columns, twenty-four on each side of the central arch, representing the States of the Union and the territories. These columns all extend; and are surmounted by heroic figures, fourteen feet in height, emblematic of the States and bearing the coat of arms of each one. The columns are over sixty feet high, the width of being about the same, while the entire length from Casino to Music Hall is 234 feet. The Columbus Quadriga surmounting the Columbian Arch, consists of a huge chariot in v Columbus, drawn by four horses and led by two female figures. At each side of the chariot is a herald oni horseback bearing a banner. Thus is the east end of the Court of Honor adorned by an appropriate structure. From the view given above may be seen the great South Pier, the traction sidewalk and Lake Michigan. 165 this wonderful mounted by an o on the south. above the roof f the colonnade vhich is seated, as is the west, 11 1 ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^00:j::00f '::,* *::::;::::, 0:::::, f *: A ':::,:: >:f:f 1:;;.. f;:0: muk., \ f ~ f:: D E:: b 0 0 -:::::.... THE GRAND COLUMBIAN ARCH.-Magnificent as are the structures around the Court of Honor, from the ponderous elegance of Manufactures Building to the queenly splendor of the } the visitor after entering its precincts finds his gaze most constantly attracted to the water-gate that opens frolm the lake and the long, breezy Peristyle of which it is a central feature. ] amid all this wealth of art, this oppressive magnificence, to catch glimpses between the white columns of the placid blue of the waters. There they are eternally, stretching out to the h vast simplicity by which nature contrasts the pettiness of man's greatest work. And yet there is something noble about this arched portal of the Fair, of which a near view is presented al as it may be deemed to symbolize the highway from loneliness to life, from the dull past into the bustling present, and from the poverty of the realm on which Columbus landed to ti abundance that have since been developed in it by the labor and intelligence of freemen. Never was a contrast so well expressed by art, never did King or Kaiser have such entrance t Honor as this archway that admits to the palaces of the American nation.: 0: 7;Sk:: iAif iStii fiS#; iS:gf!l! ji tSa iESi 4 B t [ 2 i i t w > X::fE fi44000R f:00: 0: t:V? tS? ftiT:;::044:0037:: a::: F;;:ENE;::::: 7::::::: C:::::: f:::::::::::::::::::::: D:: D 0 7:: 70: f: D:::: i::::7::::::::7::::::E:::::::::::::::::: 4:::::::: S::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: l I:: l 7::::::: |: 7::::::S::: l f: I::: l: I *:: | i j i:. I a F e:; f I _ 8 1 - l - - - l s gm I m | I a..:.5B:. - i i iD l i;S > _ i X I a _ _ n * -E:Eng iL: M..:_9;:::BE. sS', s s. r ~; I:::: t_! 9 '::SH_ I _ l Ex I X WS'dS, m I S:'DES.:::::^ _ bhS:... __i:::.:i":E:::E ":E: ''.: -:.':";. E | * | _ - _ _. - | | s. as - _ _ _ __ _ _li _ g i _ | I ' |:1 _ _ | I _ - __ _ _; | -* - | - | - Xdministration, It is refreshing orizon in that bove, inasmuch he beauty and o his Court of "America! half brother of the world!" 167 SUMMIT OF THE WATER GATE.-The impression given to the beholder of the above reproduction is one of great mrassiveness and strength. Such an impression is in perfect acI purpose of this grand adjunct of the World's Fair architecture. It is the crown of the superb Columbian Arch that forms the great water gate, which might be fancifully considered through which Columbus enters the White City. That it should be strong is wholly consistent with the fact of the vast wealth contained within. Consistent also is the idea of having guarded on either side by the States and Territories of the Union. The decorative work upon this graind pediment is rich and elaborate in the extreme. On the platform is the wondr group representing the triumphal entry of Columbus. Four horses abreast, drawing a chariot in which the great discoverer stands erect, are led by two female figures, followed by t heralds bearing banners. On the heavy slab forming the upper portion of this crown is the inscription: " Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free." The elaborate c fusely decorated and bears the names of a number of the early explorers, among them being Ponce de Leon, De Soto, and Champlain. em) cord with the as the portal; the gateway ous Quadriga wo mounted ornice is pro APPROACH TO THE PERISTYLE.-The artist has been reveling in the wonders of the World's Fair as gathered round the Administration Building. In a measure he has been surfeiti stateliness and sensuous forms of beauty. Looking east along the Court of Honor, with its galaxy of architectural triumphs, he sees the blue waters of Lake Michigan smile loving] columns of the noble Peristyle. Thither he will now go to refresh his wearied spirit with a glance at the face of Nature, " At once the source, and end, and test of Art." Leaving the plaza at the head of the Grand Basin he proceeds along the margin of its southern side. The landings, terraces, statuary, and flower-beds make this approach to the Peristyl for an emperor. Nevertheless he is arrested midway by the glimpse here presented of the facade of Agricultural Building. What artist with a soul for beauty could resist this entra Examined and delineated from many points before it holds out a new witchery in the profile that here reveals itself, the lofty and elaborate cornice, the grand Corinthian columns, the r pediment, the groups of statuary above and below-verily it is a triumpth of Art that might excuse a momentary treason to Nature. Nor can it be doubted that all who view the pictur the artist's dilatory approach to the Peristyle. 171 ed with classic ly between the e an avenue fit ncing picture? ich allegorical e will condone MAIN PIER, LOOKING EAST.-Weary with gazing at the splendors of the White City, its "cloud-capped towers and gorgeous palaces,"' the visitor is glad to emerge through the noble rest his fevered sight on the bosom of Lake Michigan. Here it is he gets a view of the main or Casino Pier, though the above delineation is taken from the roof of the peristyle itself. water approach is a delight which has made the Fair unique of all its class. The pier projects 2500 feet into the lake and is 400 feet wide. Its foundation work is of stone, and it is so co there is safe landing in all kinds of weather. It has been justly called the front door of the Fair, as it is the only entrance from which an adequate view can be had of the chief architect In the warm summer time about 100,000 visitors landed daily at this pier, and it is generally admitted that from no other approach can the Court of Honor be realized to equal advantag side may here be recognized the huge lake steamer 'Columbus," which was kept busy all the season conveying passengers to the White City. Along the middle of the pier extend sidewalk, a device of transportation on a continuous platform which was immensely enjoyed by weary sight-seers. To very i.,any, indeed, the shining expanse of the lake is the chief en} Fair, serving as it does in a restful fashion both to mirror and tone down its aggressive magnificence. 173 peristyle and This stately instructed that tural features. re. At the left s the moving oyment of th, 0 E E D: R;N::: 7:;:: hi: w 7 l. IJ:~ Ldl:: -( ---:::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:X:~:-~x~;~::'~~. ~. ~ ~~:~.~_..:. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~: A FORTRESS IN REPOSE.-A picture, at best, is but a representation of what has been, or may be. One must take this grim-looking monster for the battle ship "Illinois," instrument of a great nation, but here lying in repose near the palaces of peace and industry as a symbol of its vigilance and o'ershadowing protection. The view is taken from the shore end of t probably in the early morning, for there are none of the customary throngs who come to inspect "Uncle Sam's Ship." The vessel is identical in appearance with the coast line battle sh "Massachusetts" and "Oregon." Following are the principal data as supplied by the Navy Department: Length, 384 feet; extreme breadth, 69.25 feet; draught 24 feet; displacement, 1O, screws, 9,000 horse power; sea speed, 15 knots; armament: four 13-ilnch breech loading rifled cannon; eight S-inch and four 6-inch of same type; twenty 6-pounders rapid firing guns, of same class; two Gatlings, and Whitehead or Howell Automobile torpedoes. All the guns here except the 13-inch and 8-inch are actual service guns; all vital parts of the vessel are heaviest armor being 18 inches and the lightest 3 Inches in tlickness. At the forward end of the structure is seen the cone-slaped tower called the "military mast," with two cirs,harpshooters. The whole outfit is sufficiently ugly looking to be considered "dangerous" by whoever would venture to trifle with American right or dignity. 17.5 of the power the naval pier, lips "Indiana,",231 tons; twin six l-pounders steel-clad, the cular tops for =k I -*- THE MAC NONNIES FOUNTAiN.-There are few human beings for whom running water does/lot possess a subtle attraction. Combine this with tie aids and accessories of art an: 177 10 0 0 0:0 X::0 ID: --—.-iii-Fi:::I-i:i0:::fs~II:~-,~s 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O TH MC ONIE FUNAI.-hee refe hmn eigsfo womrunig atr oe ntposes sbte ttacio. omin ti wthth adsan acesoie o at n I,77:::::::: t::5:!:.:! ~ d the charm is asy of admirand and stately seen, rising by rater, gushing, ul conception A DETAIL OF THE MACMONNIES FOUNTAIN.-That wonderful and elaborate conception which adorns the west end of the Grand Basin is frequently called the MacMonnies admirable title truly, for it is a work which will place the name of Frederick MacMonnies high in the list of the world's noted artists. The MacMonnies Fountain is a monument to his ger a leeling of the deepest pity that it cannot remain intact in all its beauty and grandeur, to glorify the man whose master mind conceived it. It is practically impossible in any pict fountain in its entirety. The detail above presented is one of its most interesting features. It is a huge barge of the style of classic ages. It is drawn by a number of spouting sea in the present view. On each side are four female figures aiding the prancing horses to move the craft, by means of long-handled and fantastically bladed oars. These figures repre sciences. A grand statue of Fame rises in the bow, trumpeting the approach to land. Old Father Time is at the helm, while upon a high and ornamental pedestal sits Columbia. engraved the motto "E Pluribus Unum." The barge represents the Ship of State and the entire conception is commemorative of the voyage of Columbus. The MacMonnies F prominent part among the delights of the Fair and this, its central feature, has been the theme of unbounded admiration. -ri:8;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~ ~~~~~ R~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~ P~~~~;1", 5_~~~~~~~~~~~~~ r: 7 A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ii ~~~~~-~~~;-:::::::- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M A EAI FTH AMONE FUTIN-ht odrflan lboaecocpio hchaonsteweted fth rndBsn s eqety ald h acon adn-Aable itletruly for t isa wor whic wil plac thename f Freeric Mac~nnieshighin th listof te word's oted rtist. Tie Maconnie Foutain s a mnumet to is g s Memorial. An iius which excites ure to show the i-horses, invisible!sent the arts and On the panel is Fountain plays a THE MAC MONNIES BARGE "COLUMBIA."-T-iie barge has from the earliest times been considered as the ship of state. It is the craft in which great potentates have always sped their way on missions of either duty or pleasure. Conquerors are ever represented as returning from the scene of their victories in triumphal barges, gorgeously decorated and often bearing trophies of their prowess. The barges of Alexander, Julius Caesar, Marc Antony, and all the old Roman or Grecian heroes and tyrants had their own features, and these celebrities appeared in them with greater pomp and splendor than do the railroad magnates of to-day in their magnificent palace cars. The barge of art has ever been modeled after the Roman war galley, and in sculptured delineations only the highest forms of classical decoration are usually employed. The carvings around the stern and prow of the older types of these craft were elaborate in the highest degree, and the luxury of the appointments was in accord with the regal splendor which in those days prevailed among men in power. It was therefore a most happy idea of Mr. Mac Monnies to select a barge as the chief feature of his magnificent fountain. The view of it here given is but one of a number furnished in this series, and descriptions not only of the barge but of the entire fountain have been heretofore presented. 181 THE NORTH ELECTRIC FOUNTAIN.-An almost constant question on the part of the public was whether the electric fountains were to play at the time of any intended visit. These b things of electrical science undoubtedly proved as strong an attraction as any other one feature of the Fair. Considering their importance in this regard, the cost of their construction an of operating them was but a trifle. There are two of these fountains, one on each side of the MacMonnies memorial. The one shown above is the North Fountain, placed nearly in fron entrance to the Electricity Building. It is sixty feet in diameter, much larger than any of its class ever constructed. In the floor are over 300 perforations of different sizes, through whi iets are thrown to a height of 150 feet. Thirty-eight extremely powerful arc lights are used In the illumination of these jets. In the construction, arrangements were made to providi combinations and for many set exhibition pieces. The size of the basin and the great number of jets made it possible to display great sheaves of wheat, or enormous bouquets of flo with showers of precious stones, all of them bearing a wonderful likeness to the reality. The cost of putting in the two fountains was but about $5o,oo0, and the expense of operating tk $500 to $t,000 a night. But this, which at first may seem an inordinate outlay, was trivial as compared with the attendance these two features encouraged. 183 )eautiful playid the expense it of the south ich the watere innumerable wers, mingled iem was from Ihandsome faad of teAgiculura Biding and '' as j the eye gWlane ove te dplaciIdw0;000000000 ater the grcfloutie of MahnryHl En teV Kanfc l dcrte Adiitrto Bl - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ii,; --- 'i:;i-i — -l6S..00.0. _,::-:-:;0:.:;;j;WXfX| ^ rti US @. i-;d f Q s48v ffi_,,,ct< — -i'II- 1 at the western end, while the gleaming white of the MacMonnies Fountain flashes hack the rays of the sun. From the Casino the imposing massiveness of the south wall of the Mani Liberal Arts Building forms a brand frame for the northern side of the picture; the Administration and Electricity Buildings enclose the western end. From a point in the west th< offers vistas that enchain spectators by the thousands as if under a spell. All around the margin at regular Intervals are placed superb pieces of statuary. In the view presented abov( illustrative of the rest. Tile sub ject is " The Boy and Horse." The animal is a noble type of the Norman breed. while beside it stands a lusty youth in a laborer's garb. Towering abo1 level is the statue of " The Republic"9 rising sixty-five feet from tile pedestal Upon which it stands. Thle eastern frame of the scene is the noble Peristyle, its forty-eight pillars representi aind Territories, standing like so many giant sentinels over the water-gate formed by the magnificent Columbian Arch. 185 ---- ---------- Ii: -— i._i —: -ll: ----r-::::i: 1 —i --- —-:ii-:iil 1-1:- 1 -:1 I -— II-i-l;I~-l.::~I: l~i;- 4 144 _-:-.I ~5:I — ~ -:::11: — 1-: ---~ii —:-...::-~ _- _: ---...-_: Ii~i ii-~:-::-;:ME M O!i-._ _-:-:- -~: i: —i:-ii: ADORNING THE GRAND BASIN.-Stand whe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-e one may it is adifficulttask to determine at what point around the Grand Basin the most enchanting view isafforded. Fromthe~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~-i ~iii~i ---ii:;i;l_ —i:.~ —~~- -- -: ii:ii:usici~ handsome facade of the A-ricultural Building, and as the eye glances over the placid waters tile graceful outlines of Machinery Hall and the inagnificently decorated Administration Bu~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I,:i-t: I —:11:.:::-I, —I-.. l_ — j:::iji:i i_-~iiiiii — i:-:: at the western end, while the gleaming white of the Maclii.....::::::onnies Fountain flashes back the rays of tile sun. From the Casino the imposing massiveness of the south wall of the Mx:::::: —:-: i -ii-:-ii~ Liberal Ats Buildng forms grand fame for he northen side o the picure; theAdministation andElectricty Buildngs encloe the wetern end From a pint in te west t offers vistas that enchain spectators by the thousands as if under a spell. All around the margin at regular intervals are placed superb pieces of statuary. In the view presented abo,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I -lii:i:i:_-: i_-ii i:-;:-i '. — -;I I —I-: ----:i-l: —::~ii-li-ii-:'i~~l.-.:':.._ i-i:::-:-::::: -:-i: illutratve o therest Thesubect s 11The oy ad Hose. Theaniml isa nole tpe f tie Noman reed. whle bsid t tand a sty outhin labrer' gar. Toerin ab level is the statue of 11 The Republic " rising sixty-five feet from the pedestal upon which it stands. The eastern f rame of the scene is the noble Peristyle, its forty-eight pillars represen - i-:i s: —:::~l: -i -i —i-:: ---- - --:~ and Territories, standing like so many giant sentinels over the water-gate formed by the magnificerlt Columbian Arch.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. - 1-'11:-:-:.-.I ii i i:::::::::::..::-: - i::::::i:E: -::-:-:_::,::::_:'::::-::: —:s:_:_::. —::54::._: B:.: —:::.:-:::::::: ~~:::::::::E:::::::..:::7.:E::::.:-:-::::-::::::.: -::D:::: ':::z:-.;::i::i i' i-:-: '-:::i i-:-::-::i: -::: ii:'::::: T:i:-.:E::_ --:: i::-.: 7::.-:Ei..'::::::::::::::i::20:::::::::i:::E:D:: —:::::i:?:::: ):B::::::::i::.:'::-:i?:::::::::,::::i:::.:;:::::::::::::':::: -:::::-:i::::::::::::i:::::'::. -: i: —:::E::::;-: i:: -::-:: -::: -::-:d-::::i::::::: i:: -:-: i:-::: -:-i:i i ii: i:: i~::,:::: 7:::::::::::: '::::::::::-.-.::_:::;::-:::::f-: -::-:i,:i~::: 7::::::::E:::::::Er: i,:::::::::i::::::i::iz:::::::: DE::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -:::::::-:::- -:::::t::i:-:::r:::::::S::.C:::::::::::::::::::7:::::::':::i:~:::::::::::::::::::::S::::::::C: r:::::::::::::: ~:::::::ji:::::::::::::::::::::::E::::::::::::::::_:::::::-_::::::-:::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i:::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::: i::::::::::::~::::::::-::::::i::::-::::~::::-:::::::::::::::::-:::::::::_:::::::::::: —:::-:-:::_::;-::::D::: _::::::::::i:::: i:::::::::::,::::.: j::,::::::::: j:: j:~::::::::::::_:::7:::::::::_: —:::::-: i::-::::::::::::: i::::::.:::::::::r:::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::: i::::::::::::::'::::::: i:::::::::i:::::::::: j:::::::::::::::i.:::::::::::::::::::D::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::i:::'::::::i:::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::':::::::: E:::::::::i:::::-::::::::-::i:::::::::i::::::i:g::U::i::::::::::i:::::-::~:::: -:i::: S s2:::~::::R:::::::i:: i:::::::-:::: -::-:::::::::,i:::-::::::: —':: -:E-::i::~:-._:::~: g::::E:::.:::.-'5.... i..'S.-:::E: 2:~ ': -:_::::::::':-: -::S:.:::_::?:-:__::::::i::::::::.::::'-::_::::.:::.::::i:i::-'::: -::_:.:j: ':-:::::::::::::E.::::i::i::.:' -:E.:::.:::_::'::::':::::::::..:::::::E:::E:::: - ~~:.i -~:-..:.:1::.: i~-' >:::::e:E::: -:::::::::::::::.::::li:::::::.:~::::'.E:::::::::: 9::::'l-1-::-::S::::i:-:::.::::~:.::::. i:::i::::i:;:E: ':::-:iii:,:':-:.:-:i.::::-:::-::i_:::::::i i. 7. -::-:-:::i:::::i:::-:::::::::.::s::::E:s?:?-:::::i:: -:::i::::-::::s::: s:::s ':::::?:::::::-:::.?N_::-:: s-;:-:E {:-::?:si?::.:::::::::::::s i:::-::::::::::::::::.:?.:::I::::::::::":':::S::::::i:`:i':::::::::...:s:::::::::':::~::.:y,>:::-:':::::::: l::::::::::.?::s::s:::: ->..: -:::::s::':::-::::::::::'::::'::::E:::::::::::::::s::::?::?::-:::-::::::::s::::::i:~iii:::::::~~iki -.::::-:::::::iS:::S:s-::::::::::::::?::::i:i:;::-:::::::::l-::_:i:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ii:~:::::::i:::: ~:::i:::?::::a::::s:::-::i.::::-:':s::::g::::,,::s:::E::::::' t::\:::::?::~:~:::::::-:::s:,,:i::::::::.:iE.::::*i::i:?: \:.:.::::::::::::,::?:::::::::':1:E:-::::.:::::N<:?.?gl?? sEags aag::::iii::?:.::i:.g:,E~?~E-, sxds.0.:': ':':-:-i:-::_:s:':i.s:?o:ni Ex.Ea.X...?.;s8: sR-.-.:-iiiilii:i: A: -:::.:N o B;:::t k9 l a i i:ses, s g N 85lin ar se uacue a ES In th S M as :,.::;:00;000 O f t > g o A; hi:;~~~~~~~I:: 1 BOAT LANDING, GRAND BASIN.-Some philosopher has observed that a truly great occasion inevitably calls forth the right man or men. It is certainly remarkable that in this nn classicism is no more than a school phrase, architects were found to build up this great White City on such lines of imperial excellence as might satisfy Roman culture. And it is still m perhaps, that American sculptors were also forthcoming who could adorn these buildings and grounds with figures that are worthy of imperishable marble. Among the detached Grand Basin, and on the adjoining inlets, a genuine admiration was excited by the horses and bulls, with accompanying human figures, that were the joint work of Messrs. Potter and Fro one of these groups that stands at the boat landing south of Agricultural Building, and it is hard to concieve of anything more appropriate and majestic as a symbol of the produc the building is stored. The patient cultivation of the soil, which underlies all the strength and prosperity of the nation, as well as the calm dignity of rural life, seem to be typified in th and benign countenance of this most valuable of brute creatures. The singularity of these groups is that though executed by different sculptors the animal and human figures are in pI of composition. 187 ew land, where ore wonderful, figures at the ench. Above is:ts with which ie sturdy frame e rfect harmony s a 4,f:::iii~iypil-.^^8* -: * f:^:,::::i —~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::i:.:::: ~ *: ~ ^: ^.::::: /, '.; 1.' l.: f0 i::-: ' 0 1 * 1 1::;:;X;1& -:.*,.-::~::-.:~ t 0 m f:0:: A: t::::f:00:0:: GATEWAY TO SYLVAN SCENES.-With a due regard for the general fitness of things the decorations about the grounds are, where possible, purely American, and even in the cases of tof such accessories every effort has been made to introduce some feature characteristic of this country. Of course it would be entirely out of place, in fact an impossibility, to adopt in connection with foreign buildings and foreign exhibits. It would scarcely be in keeping with the grand idea of the Exposition, for instance, to attempt the decoration of the British Star Spangled banners, where the Union Jack alone has the right to wave its folds, but there is nothing inconsistent in placing the American eagle over the lions couchants at the base of obelisk, as that imposing monolith constitutes but a feature of the general decoration and is not in any sense a foreign exhibit. Thus was it a happy idea to adorn the various bridges c and lagoons with a purely American fauna. Above are shown the figures of two elk, erected on great square pedestals and guarding the approaches to the bridge connecting the Wood the grounds, at a point just in front of the south end of the Horticultural building. The sculptors have studied their subject well and the result is the production of perfect types of the Peeping over the bridge on the left are the towers of the Electricity Building and on the right a glimpse is obtained of the north end of Mines and Mining. 189 ie importation such a course section with f the Egyptian )ver the canals ed Island with American elk. C1., o4 (U::: o..,,.., V a c ~E,,,4D u E c l C's C) 4-, Cd 4- V) cu;.=,,, 4~,._. 4;;~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 o.. c,,,::, a) c. ' - " ' 4-,.,,,'o.. L. z-.d o ~ '=5 v v, q) q~) Ln n "o 0:: 0- w —..~.~__ =..: cuy (A Cr V aa tn =;?I, v OW M bb ) 4-C ~C a b. 0 ~c, a c, a) -eV) I (u 4- 4-, s cd, O r cu z CU32~ C'j (Uoa 4- 1 b.0 2 Lu-E C 4, r - 0 >- a~c r- Cd EE ~2 cu cu O cr~~~ V) V) 4:I~ cc ~~~~~~ ~~ 3 F- o E ~~~ — 4:: '~~~~~~o v, 30)~ I —I~~~~~~~~~~~~~> lrQu r) aj d iib i a u ~~~~~~~ E e k V a)-6 qj 7: cC c r. u = ( a 0 r b:~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a-r ~~~~~~~~z,~C W::: -:i s i~ g:"' 0iiiii 7iiiii~ i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:: I I~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I M tl I ol- I o I I ' A 1: THE SANTA MARIA AT HER MOORINGS.-In the warm admiration excited by the collective beauty of the buildings of the Columbian Exposition, sight is almost lost of the bI conceived the various details which go to make up the grand whole. The idea of having present fac-similes of the little fleet which brought Columbus and his followers to the Nev happy one. The consort vessels were constructed at the expense of the United States, but the Santa Maria, the flag ship on whose quarter-deck Columbus trod as admiral, was built by and after participating in the grand naval review at New York was presented to this government. The little Caravels, hardly bigger than fishing smacks, as compared with the great shi were towed across the ocean, the Nina and Pinta under command of American officers and the Santa Maria in charge of a Spanish captain. They had a pleasant and safe voyage, no spirit being on board as caused the great discoverer so much anxiety four hundred years ago. The Santa Maria lays fast at the wharf in the inlet just east of the Agricultural Building. proves a very attractive exhibit, and there is no hour in the day in which her decks are not crowded by the wondering and curious visitors. 193 rain-work that v World was a the Spaniards ips of this day, such mutinous Naturally she L I 1 --- - --- e__~1~^_~_~_ j t~~~~~~~~ THE NINA AND PINTA AT THEIR LANDINGS.-No less interest attaches to the Nina and Pinta, the two consorts of the Santa Maria, than to the flag-ship that bore the Great Admi Lying at their wharf at the east end of the Agricultural Building, they attract as much attention from the public as the Santa Maria itself. The three caravels are now the property States. o The flag-ship was built by the Spanish government but has recently been presented to our Navy Department. The Nina and Pinta were constructed at the expense of this count priation having been made for that especial purpose. They were commanded by officers of the United States Navy and were towed across the ocean by United States cruisers. On arri they were loaned to the Spanish authorities in order that they might participate in the naval display at New York. The Sant'a Maria was commanded by a Spanish officer and towed cruiser. She also took part in the review and the three were then brought to Chicago as a feature of the Spanish department at the Expcsition. The Nina and Pinta are both smaller ve Santa Maria, which is less than l00 feet in length. The commission having in charge their construction were engaged for six months in studying ancient models and documents in o caravels should be, as near as possible, fac-similes of the originals. 195 ral in person. of the United try, an approval at Havana by a Spanish!ssels than the rder that the i 1 CAMP OF THE WEST POINT CADETS.-It was a bright inspiration of the War Department, or whatever official suggested it, to send the military cadets of West Point to the Wor summer outing. Such an experience was more valuable than a season's college work in almost every department of their training. They could see in the White City some of the gred and engineering achievements of the age. Every branch of art, and every region of science and industry, was illustrated in their presence by its ripest fruits. They saw the weapons and of many lands, even to the fierce aborigines they may have to deal with in frontier life. They saw the world at large, indeed, with its peoples, customs, products, and comparative res rare completeness as geographies, histories and travel records could never unfold it; this very contact with foreign races and their ways being the highest possible stimulus to manli generosity, patriotism, and all the noble virtues that become an American soldier. The picture above is of the cadets' camp on the plaza near the Federal building, a patch of velvet sw out on beautiful Lake Michigan and must be a charming memory even to those who feast upon the Hudson every day of their lives. The cadets reached the city on August 19, and b the homeward trip August 28. 197 Id's Fair for a atest structural I military types ources in such ness, courtesy, lard that looks )roke camp for d o m::.... @zI i d.'L-.**:' USA ' M:0Sl;8^ l"'I"^^;Tj4 0 0 I: i I::;::: l:: |: 7:;: A::: A:;::::::::::::;:: j::: s f::S: f: AS 0:::r:::: v - - f::::: 7:::: w A MISSIONARY OF LIBERTY.-The above bell is, with the exception of being larger and heavier, an exact duplicate of the original Liberty Bell which has hung in Independence Hall years. This bell has a mission. It is to travel around the world, starting at the World's Fair, ringing its appeal everywhere for liberty and for lthe Parliament of man, the Federation ( The idea of casting such a bell first originated with Mr. W. O. McDowell, of Newark, N. J., and was suggested to him by seeing one of his little solns carrying about a small bell after Independence Hall. He was successful in organizing a Bell Committee, which received contributions of material. When the idea became generally known the people all over the coi interest in it. The bell was to be constructed of the metal of revolutionary relics which could be melted and cast. The relics began at once to pour in upon the Committee. The ladies have been especially active in the work. The Daughters of the Revolution, under the leadership of such well-known ladies as Miss Mary Desha, of Washington, Mrs. Schuyler Hami Roger A. Pryor, of New York, and Mrs. John Quincy Adams, of St. Paul, Minn., have been earnest promoters. A granddaughter of Benjamin Franklin, resident of Pennsylvania, and a d= Houston of Texas, served on the Committee and have worked nobly. 199 1 for so many of the world." having visited untry took an of the country Iuton, Jr., Mrs. aughter of Sam ...... ;.;,........;;_.............,... -- -- -:::::::-: ---: AMONG ABORIGINAL EMBLEMS.-The above view affords an interesting study of the characteristics of the aborigines. It is, to speak scientifically, the Ethnographical exhibit of the d Anthropology. The display is on the border of the South Pond. It not only explains the habits, customs and manners of many savage tribes, but also affords an insight into their rel and their superstitions. In the view presented may be noted the huts which form dwellings for some of the Indians of British Columbia. The most prominent features visible, the grotesquely carved posts of various heights which stand just without the entrances. They are known as Totem Poles and are to commemorate heroic deeds in the lives of those t habitations they are erected. Totem Poles are thus described by a well known traveler. Most of them are three or fourofeet in diameter and about thirty feet high, though some attai of sixty, eighty or even one hundred feet. The height of the pole denotes the rank of the deceased. The natives value these ancestral relics very highly and refuse to part with them It is supposed that only rich natives could have had the honor of a Totem Pole. The carving, however crude it may seem, represents a great deal of time and labor for the native scul over, it is customary to give a grand banquet, free to all comers, whenever such a pole is raised. Hence one of these decorated family ornaments probably involves, in all, an ex several hundred dollars. lepartment of igious beliefs however, are,eside whose in an altitude at any price. ptor. Morecpenditure of 201 DOWN IN THE WINDMILL SECTION.-Of the vast numbers of visitors who have thronged the Exposition from day to day, all bent on seeing as much as possible of its wonders, onl sprinkling invades the territory south of the Stock Pavilion. So much is to be seen in the northern part of the grounds, followed by the fascinations embraced in the Court of Honor, th are fain to content themselves with a hasty survey of this region from the Intramural railway. Thus it is commonly spoken of as the Windmill Section, a number of those useful r always seen in motion as the train circles round on the southern loop. Meanwhile the place is teeming with interest, and there are many admirable views to be had of the clusterir extend for two miles north. The above picture is taken from near the front of the great Live Stock Exhibit, and embraces at the right a glimpse of South Pond and in the left distanc Administration Building. The vast pile of Agricultural Building, including the annex devoted to agricultural implements, is also seen to advantage, while the elegant towers of Machir the vista to the west. The less picturesque of the utilities are close by and all around, for the section is redolent of the material of prime beef; the dairy barns are yonder to the rig interest is strong in the Forestry Building and Loggers' Camp. the White Horse Inn is suggestive of rural excursions, and the bakeries, saw-mills, oil sheds, and similar establishment desirable accessories even to the existence of beauty. 203 y a comparative at the majority machines being ig palaces that e the dome of iery Hall break:ht, the lumber s, are so many I I i t z A MATCHLESS PERSPECTIVh.-Standing alone, with not a vestige of any other structure in sight. the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building presents in itself a remarkably strik domes are needed here to make an imposing edifice. No lofty spires are requisite to engage the attention of the beholder. No gigantic pylon has been constructed here to r impressive some grandly decorated portal. And yet the attention of the observer is at once siezed and fascinated by the very hugeness betokened in the long-drawn stateliness of this I Its strength and solidity would be fully as apparent were there dozens of other structures around it. But the view here presented of this mammoth building is that which is best calcul th visitor. In the foreground the East Lagoon is glinting in the sunlight. In the center rises one of those superb corners which, while not very lofty and not excessively large, wi inviting notice by elaborate ornamentation, is awe-inspiring by reason alone of its massive grandeur. To the left, in the shadow, is the north end of the building, and above the corr imperial roof, so perfect in its sweeping lines that even the whole vast area conveys no appearance of flatness. Stretching away into the distance, in faultless perspective, is the magr facade, carrying with it the thought of the beholder into vagueness and repose. 205:ing view. No make the more majestic facade. ated to impress hile in no way lice looms that nificent western MOONLIGHT ON THE GRAND BASIN. —There is a sad impressiveness in the appearance of a great city during its hours of nightly repose. Sleep and darkness have suspended for a activities, but so much care and suffering, crime and poverty, are known to be within its walls, that the chance pedestrian who thinks of it is invariably filled with gloom. How differe of the great White City basking in the moonlight. Silence is here too, and comparative obscurity, but the ghostly towers and statuary that loom up against the sky have no other those of beauty, peace and enjoyment. It may be supposed that a few hours previously a hundred thousand people were around this Court of Honor, but all or nearly all were in joyous life, happy themselves and making others happy around them, while a similar happy gathering will succeed them here tomorrow when the sun shall have relieved the mol Therefore the spectator here has no painful thoughts, or at the worst He feels like one who reads alone some banquet hall deserted, Whose lights are gone, whose garlands fled and all but he departed. 207 time its fierce ent is this view associates than the heyday of on from duty. IN LUNA'S LIGHT ALONE.-The Electricity Building stands silent, solitary and in the gloom of night. But a short hour ago all within it and without was a scene of brilliant illuminati held full sway. From numberless arc lights strung around in great profusion, a dazzling glare was shed upon the buildings and ground;. The interior was simply in a blaze of effu followed flash in quick succession from every part of the building, and here and there were towers and shafts and pyramids, gleaming from base to summit with the most fantastic ar lights. The scene was one of gorgeous splendor and the spectators thronged about in a daze of wonder and admiration. It was as if all the lightnings of the firmament had assembled in a wild and unrestrained revel. But now the electric spark is dead and the dazzling illumination is succeeded by silence and obscurity. Somber indeed looks the building, and like s; the towers above it loom up against the sky. But the moon is breaking through the clouds and those banks of vapor which but a moment ago were dark and heavy are now luminous, straying earthward, falls upon the gently rippling waters of the lagoon, flecking its surface with patches of silver. Luna, Queen of the Night, is the sole illuminant, and her sweet silver restful contrast to the fierce splendors of the electric lights. 209 on. Electricity Igence. Flash ray of colored here to engage able guardians, and the light, y beams are in :::::::: TWILIGHT ON THE WEST LAGOON.-A hush is over the great White City. Evening has let fall her mantle and the filmy shade of twilight is fast settling into the somber gloom sense of peace and quietness is complete and all-pervading. In the heavens a few early stars are glowing, and their softened rays, shooting earthward, are reflected by the waters of the Standing on the bridge near the north end of Wooded Island, the beholder can drink in a scene of most tender witchery. Gleaming and still lie the waters of the channel, their gentle r noted in the starlight. Above are banks of cumulous clouds, only a shade or two darker than the gray sky. Circling like a crescent in the background is a dark line, partly f Wooded Island, its outlines looming up like a ridge of blackened cliffs over the light-besprinkled waters. Close at hand, on the right, is seen the south half of the Horticultural Buildi is visible a section of the great dome. Like a row of sable sentinels stand the columns of its facade, as if guarding the dark and gloomy portal. Beyond is the Transportation Building making a sharp line against the sky, while the obscurity and distance completely hide from view the magnificent decorations of the Golden Doorway. Partly screened by the Woode Mines and Mining Building, only faintly discernible in the gathering gloom. It is a scene and an hour most conducive to deep reflection. 211 of night. The West Lagoon. ipples scarcely ormed by the ng. Above it g, its long roof d Island is the SHORES OF WOODED ISLAND.-One scarcely knows which feature is most worthy of admiration in this tableau from the World's Fair. It is such a rich grouping of land and wa foliage, bridges, statuary, flowered terraces and majestic buildings, that the eye roves in delight from one charm to another without waiting to fully realize the exquisite loveliness o artist's point of view is at the bridge-crossing between the Electricity and Mining buildings. Thence, looking toward the north, one is enabled to take in the sweep of the island shore and huts that nestle in its bosky coves, and the wealth of cool shadow created by its verdure along the placid lagoon. In this line of vision, also, three great structures, totally distinct rise up in succession to challenge the worshiper of the beautiful. The United States Government Building, with its lordly dome, is first in order and impressiveness; next the Fisheries B rounded quaintness, and farthest in the vista that dream or Grecian splendor which is the fitting casket of the gems of Art. How sad it is that all alike are fragile and ephemeral. How " Loveliest of lovely things are they, On earth that soonest pass away." 213 ter, shore and If either. The, the pavilions t in character, uilding, full of true that I-"1 —"- II --- —-----------— --- —-- ~-~ -~._... _.......;_.......I,.................~~~ ~-. ~~ -~ -----— ~~~ --- —------------— U ----IYYII LLIYIIL-IIl -— FROM THE GOVERNMENT LANTERN.-High above the noise and bustle of the White City, to the lantern balcony on the dome of the United States Building, the photographer has b to look upon the captivating scene below. The lagoon is so perfectly placid as to form an exquisite mirror of its chief beauties. The foliage around the wooded island, whose northeri beneath, is duplicated by a fringe of shadow in which every leaf seems perfect. Beyond, in the western channel, the dainty pile of the Woman's Building is similarly reflected, as are, als bridges that lead to the Fisheries Building from the island and the plaza on this side. Scarcely can one be tempted to bestow more than a glance on the forest of buildings that exter gay as they are with minarets, towers, and streaming banners, there is such a weird fascination in this spectacle of the calm lagoon and the loveliness that is imaged in the waters. Fo not even a steam launch in view to break the spell of quietude; no gay gondolier is pushing his bark over the glassy surface. If any such there were one might fancy him gazing belb bard of Ireland on famed Lough Neagh, where "He sees the round towers of other days In the wave beneath him shining." 215 etaken himself n end stretches o, the graceful nd to the west, r once there is ow as does the t 4, V if: a::E:2: i:::;:::;: S:: ll::::::: fi::Y:: l:t:;:i: t::|::d::: it:::::5::4::f:: \::: T::::::: iL:: s:::a:f E 7:::::):9 w% i -R::S.-' i iSi:; Rt S ( 0 0;tSi0'004;; Z7- T; i:.-C ~:::: t:::S::S-S S S. ' S E i:':::-P 9.Sees f::: xB.::.s:s:::::::;>R S: S:E: 7:',R:s: i::::: R'S, F t,R,-. 0 2,:,','l i::: -:.:iS:::S e: i S: -'.N' i":-Ed;:: E 3:',X' -:::7:::a: uSi:s ) f E:; d egS *,S.,-E:l TS:: >SZ-e.::::E::::: -sS rl:ig. i:::::::i:::::::::: d::5: i S:i '.kR.:::: e.+.v..;S,Js 0S:::Bs::si:s:::e:S:X:::::: s:::f:::: s:2:::::::s::S:::::::::.::::::::::::::::Ls s:::::::::$,::::v-::::::::::: > 0 y I: f:;: f:: X:::::::: 0:::::::: S 0 s::::: Of f:::::::ff::::f:0:00::::::0:f:::::; 0::::::::: 0 g A:; At:;:;;: f:009:f: S;002 0 A;:;::0000:;::X:;:::0:::0:00::::ft:0y;dSt0::0:::S Of::S:S 00; f: t:i:05:tf;: d:00ft;:ft::fffffia::V000:00ffif:00;0:fSt;;00000000|000:j;:;j000 BIRD'S EYE VIEW TO THE WEST.-Looking directly westward from the roof of Manufactures Building, at its northwest corner, the photographer has obtained a picture of surpassi interest. Apparently just beneath lies the Wooded Island, stamped like a piece of embroidery on the burnished waters, its intricate paths and alleys gleaming white through the folia silver. Here and there, amid the soft greenery, is a patch of brighter color that locates the rose garden or other assortment of flowers, while the Japanese Hoo-den, the Hunter's Cabi garden structures peep forth as little toy houses. The airy bridge approach has its throng of pedestrians. Others are dotted like ants, single and in groups, along the island walks. In t its channels the gondolas and steam launches are gliding to and fro. It is a spectacle of life and movement absolutely without noise, for at this height of observation all sound is de flapping of the standards on the roof just below. Beyond the Wooded Island looms up, in majestic proportions, the crystal dome of the Horticultural Building, the parapets beneath i anact the columned facade having the general effect of a miniature palace in ivory. From no other point is this Temple of Flora seen to better advantage than liere. Southward of it i Festival Hall. North are quite a group of buildings that stretch on until they blend with the breezy pinnacles ot the Midway, the Ferris Wheel towering above all like a spider web tra western horizon 217 ing beauty and ige as bands of n. and similar the lagoon and dened save the it, the statuary is a section of ced against the __ 1_1 ULI--LL(IIY — I j:::::: -:::::: i:-i-:-::: ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::: i ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::-:~::::::::::_:_::::::-:_::_::::::_::::: I:,:: i A VISION OF FAIRYLAND.-Happy must be the birds that fly over the White City of the Columbian Exposition. They can certainly rejoice in such views as are not given to mort; partial glimpse of the artist at once beggars description. A correspondent of an English magazine despairingly writes of it: "Considered as a coup d' oeil, regardless of the materi construction of the buildings, it is, I veritably believe, the grandest sight the human eye has ever encountered. At first you will not believe in its actuality. Your imagination has playe * * * Yet it is still before you, growing more distinct, increasing in grandeur as you gaze. Let me try to describe it to you more in detail. On your left a triumphal arch and lof through which the blue waters of the inland sea laugh and sparkle in the sunlight. Before you a grand canal that would make Venice blush, lined with the finest specimens of the pla, of these are gilded domes, awnings and colossal statues, and away on your right, at the head of the grand canal, as a fitting source for its waters, a fountain with basin piled upon basil over by a majestic group, all except the gilded statues, the domes and the awnings white as the driven snow. * * * Much as has been said abcut these buildings enough never can are the realization of a dream-the dream that childhood sees before it as in the picture of the ' Progress of Life;' the only realization of a complete and perfect beauty I ever expect to 1 219 als. Even this ial used in the ed you a trick. ty colonnades, stic art. Back n and presided be said. They behold." r7777-T - I -m( ~~_~__I_ ~ _ r 8::; 1 0: hi t: \::: air A: "~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '17 -J ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f X a:i: 0 In - a *!X-:::F -, + lA. A-2iB~,i~:`~c~~~~-;".,.:i~b~s-U g `.- ~~'~~a~i~r:~ - *~s;~".: ai-rt^^ ^~te^^ ^ A~^ ^*~.w^ '_..(-_:::-:__Z-::.ii~::s::r-~::~~~i:p —:,a-^,3; ~ ~ ii ~ *6(9 iR: i~:~~~ ~ L~:-::r-i-:: —: — '*as;:!^: ~: ~:;-...l.M i!r -r i 1 A GLORIOUS SOUTHERN PROSPECT.-The area of the White City is so vast, and its beautiful and striking features so impartially distributed, that from no given point can a comprehensive view of the whole be obtained. It is a congeries of charming pictures that must be taken separately tor appreciation, a diadem of many jewels to be gloated over one by be any single spot from which the survey is at all complete it is at the far north end, whence the above delightful view was taken, and yet this is no more than the segment of a dazzlir any radius of which the beholder might gaze with an equal rapture. But this is truly an enchanting outlook. It follows the south-eastern sweep of the lake shore, taking in the battle s the two great landing piers, the leviathan Manufactures Building, and the series of lesser palaces that have been permitted for their very loveliness to come nearest to the mirror held fc The group, of buildings inland will also claim attention, and each will be identified by its special note of prominence, but despite of every counter-charm the eye will constantly revert t expanse of water, the long shore line, the distant hive by the Calumet, and on, and on,Till all The stretching landscape into smoke decays." 221 a satisfying or f one. It there lg circle, along ship!' Illinois," )rth by nature. o the gleaming i i ALONG THE LAKE SHORE.-If Steele Mackaye's great building of the Spectatorium, which proved such a financial white elephant, had been erected for no other purpose tha photographer this outlook over the charming White City, it could not be said to have existed quite in vain. The point of view is at the extreme northern limit of the Fair grounds. building with its turreted wings, embracing the original Jackson Park "Shelter," stands just below in the forefront of a cluster of foreign buildings. The graceful curve of the lake fringe of shining roadway and embankment, is like the section of a circlet enclosing a parure of resplendent jewels. Even the patch of tranquil water but intensifies the magnificence beyond. Near and radiant shines the beautiful Art Palace, its lines of Athenian elegance showing clear-cut against the foliage and the crowding domes afar. Conspicuous amongst the representative of Illinois; further to the left, across the turreted Fisheries Building, is the more ponderous dome of the National structure; a companion feature to the right is the gliste Horticultural Building, and shadowy but beautiful in the far center, over the shoulder of the huge Manufactures Building, is visible that dome of the Administration which is the crownir Fair. As to the lesser buildings, beneath and between these, their "infinite variety" can only be judged of by a patient study. 223 n to give the The Iowa State shore, with its e of the scene ese is the lofty mning crown of ig glory of the ~__)~~~~~ ~_~~~~~_~_~I _ ..,::E:'::i:::i:,-;?.ii i i. i '. 7:!i:' I:-.::, ----:-l:-~iiiii:-: OVERLOOKING THE STATES.-While a view of the White City from any point of observation cannot but be interesting, it is a sight to stir tile blood in patriotic veins to stand on si and look over the north end of the Exposition grounds. Picturesquely grouped together are the buildings which represent the States and Territories of the Union. It was a happy tl Exposition authorities to place these structures as they have done, and the interest taken in the matter was at once manifest on the part of the commonwealths that began, so soon as the such an arrangement was decided on, to make application for space. While of course the main buildings of the Exposition, by reason of their size and character, are the objects of espec those of the States prove a feature of high attraction besides being a great comfort and convenience to the public The visitors as a rule never fail to call at the building of their o register their names, being certain also to find in them many pleasant reminders of their distant homes. But the chance spectator of this magnificent array of structures, let him be frc he may, must exult as he realizes that he is a part of the grand exhibit which is called the World's Fair, for it may be said most truly that the American people are here in evidence no arts and industries, and the observer among these State buildings may meet every type that dwells between Florida and Alaska. 225 ome elevation hought of the ey learned that ial admiration, wn State, and m1 what State less than their fi e I 1 lW, ILLINOIS BUILDING.-In many respects this structure failed to meet the anticipations of those who looked ftor something far beyond the ordinary. It was hoped and fully expected th: of the state in which the World's Columbian Exposition was to be held would certainly be an edifice remarkable in every way. After all, however, the main objection offered by the cr looks top-heavy, its gigantic dome being out of proportion to the height and size of the building. This dome is assuredly not graceful, and gives the impression of a vessel sitting too waters on which she should ride. The building is extensive, 450 x t60 feet in area. A transept, each end of which protrudes 50 feet beyond the walls, affords two grand entrances nor Running entirely across either end is a wing or pavilion affording east and west entrances. The structure is three stories high and over the transept rises the great dome, 235 feet abo( and 72 feet in diameter. While the main walls are but 47 feet high the ends of the transept rise to 72 feet and the walls on the east and west fronts are 54 feet. It is entirely appro building should be given the prominent position it holds. It is situated upon a high terrace and from the south entrance a superb view of the Lagoon and Wooded Island can be Memorial Hall is used for a school room exhibit, besides embracing many historical objects usually kept in the state building at Springfield. ar the building:itics is that it iigh above the rth and south. ve the ground priate that this obtained. The 227 l I | I F | i I - ll i l Il: l |: Wt -.::7::: PRODUCTS OF ILLINOIS PRAIRIES. —One toLuch1 of 1.nature mrnkes the whole world kin. Among, all the Worlld's Fair exhibits, as tokens of industry, nIone catch the popular heart so re; that are formed of the simple products of nature. They are to be met in every one of the great departments, but perhaps rIore Ilunerously in the group of State buildings. Many such beautiful and refined decorations. Some almost rise to the dignity of works of art. But in all cases they are appropriate and easily understood. They tell a plain story. Who coulc meaning of the pyramids, liberty bell and other figures constructed of juicy California fruits? The tobaccos of Kentucky, the corn of Iowa, the native timber of Wisconsin, the mineral and other states, whether built into whole pavilions or single figures, denote in the plainest lanlguage the bounties with which kindly nature rewards the industry of man. In the Illiinois was shown the above picture of a thriving farm and homestead. Every fillure and shade in it is formed of prairie growths of cereals, grasses, berries and other products. The beautiful is made of silky corn tassels. It is a glowing symbol of abundance, industry and peace. It tells of a thrifty farming class who spend "Their days in peace, and fatten'd with content." '2_2. adily as those i exhibits are i mistake the s of Colorado State Building curtain even ' --------------— * 1 - l; r..-.*: — - ysh (in i -ri ^'v ^.^0 fi ----- - — S _r___ ___ __~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:,~~~1 ~~: 1.:-:: i:: 1.::: ____ p~-i ':'^ ' ' - '1":.'J i '^^, f^ 'i ___ ~I___ I~__~ z+Eddiy-t~~~~~~~~~~~z;SstT-tes-RH~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~- ~ i i-~~~:~,,.,^ '''' '''"'".:^ *- ^-*i N W *:,;0 0 0.^ i;: 0'"'z''''''"'r'S^f' -'.:v.: - -..,.,J,-E,,,9_,,. * *** —.. -...; ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^- " ^ '"* -^.^ c '" * * ** - - '''8s'i~~- X-'"^"'X' M..Ip~: l____ "`-`:*:;~:"mc~~~~ ^~.-__,_::.wENN-Casinos ~XX- j~.9~X~:D s" C:i"~:0: — -— x- i A I i~~ BLIND MAN'S BUFF.-The group of sculpture delineated in this view, representing a familiar game of childhood, stands in the Exposition grounds near the south entrance of the Illinois The artist was Mr. O. Richards, and it is the only adornment of its class in the vicinity of this edifice, though crowds have been constantly attracted to the dainty allegorical sculptu within. Nevertheless this group found multitudes of admirers, and Imany there were who gazed on it with moistening eyes as it renewed to them the merry pastimes of their own jut mayhap those of beauteous children whom they had loved and lost. The little ones created by the artist are playing "Blind Man's Buff," evidently not far from their home, amid a c stumps that may be the last remnant on a clearing. The dresses they wear and the ferns that carpet the earth betoken the warm summer season, probably in the joyous days of school girls are beaming with delight to think themselves in good hiding, and have just screamed out "Ready!" to challenge to the search their brother who wears the blind. He, the little ras loyal as he should be, for as he gropes round the tree-stumps he is furtively lifting the bandage to catch a glimpse of his intended victims. The group is in every respect a charmin many will recall the pathetic demand of Longfellow: "Ah! what would the world be to us if the children were no more?" 231 State Building. res to be seen venile days, or:luster of treevacation. The scal, is not so ig one, and to CALIFORNIA BUILDlNG.-This structure is interesting as representing the old miSsion style of architecture that prevailed when Sun Luis Rey, Sun Luis Obispo and other Jesuit Mi; their glory. The California Building is modeled after the mission house at Santa Barbara but possesses some features that vividly recall others equally well known. The outer coverin nearly resembling the adobe or primitive brick, very commonly used in the west for house construction. The length of this edifice is 435 feet by 144 feet in width. The height of t eaves is 50 feet, but there is a further height of 15 feet of the roof ridge. The solid and somewhat sombre appearance of the building is relieved by the great dome, 113 feet high, ri center. Around this dome is a roof garden filled with the luxuriant plants and choice garden products of this most fertile State. These also greatly tend to soften the austere lines of In the construction of the windows, too, there has been some degree of embellishment attempted, as there has been in the entrances, both of which are richly graceful in design. In tIe surmount the square-corner pavilions are placed some of the old mission-bells, and their music as it floats out upon the air cannot but be pleasant to the visitors from the Pacific accustomed to hear their melody. The exhibits in the California Building consist chiefly of fruits, wines, mineral ores and handsome native woods. ssions were in ig is a material he walls to the;ing above the f the building. towers which Coast who are 233 ' z * c o,.,_ o 5 c' d_ t " > C< _ T- *_ W *_ ' 3 _,..,, -,-, cl t4 ~o 3 - I I 'E =, d r_,;:: 3. ~ I C I 7:; 0U 4-Q c [u - * c a,< (V.4. 0 _ a-:'= "- ' Y a) 3 S? o 5 a. W * - c= -,:_ i.. -'"" E 3 3 E D ~.[/Q ^ c n G R 517 ~= a:H d?j (U i b ^^S ^^^g ^ se |p,S p |l~t ip a-rsi 0uC': E3 O rSnO ^^S^-S Tl " rlI, cu ^Q ^^ ^^0^ c^ ^ J E ^C- C ^^- ^. ^ ^^ cTcJ -S! bj"ort O - O^. ati tsi11|^-h-irZcn r S^|s| a3 " i i ^ V () - C S 3 ~g._ o _ o _ > ba, c 0 3 > _ed? ~5 Z 3 _ *3 _ g \ ( ) O _ j. 3 rS 0 '.U ~ ' "" - 1 1 - C3 v.,, -4._ -%,S a S E a r Q 0 c3. cu cd L 3 O.' 3 O i~ ~,., c.. _ _ 3 C 0 o * ~ Y *? o *: S i C) 3 * 3 O5- 4 - - L.,C g = <~ *^ ^ _ t *g 3 E t *5 3 ( DJn 3 3 c zo^ ^ U i (U > S a) " a) O J- rL1 3(U d) c~h 4-U, C' F b.0 r~ d I:::::e: 0 i f;000:ffff~:0000fff0000:0:00000:: f; f 0:000:fff0:::f: f:0:ffi f::::000::::00:X00000:g0000000E00000ffff0::::0:00:0::::::f::::f:::: oi::::::: i: iP~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i:::: STATE BUILDINGS.-The chalets that are dotted so picturesquely on the slopes of the Alps have furnished an appropriate type for the building of New Hampshire, a state which is ofte Switzerland of America." The beautiful position allotted to it, directly front ng the lake, makes an added charm for the visitors who linger in its shady veranda or the overhanging 1: second story. Within all is neatness, refinement and comfort. Vermont has delved for her State Building among the ruins of the past, the unique structure shown being an ex; Pompeiian villa, just such as Glancus and his friends might have dined in on the fatal night when Vesuvius began "vomiting destruction." The space given to Maine was a narrow a even this tying of the architect's hands did not hinder himl presenting a dainty little structure, which has a series of balconies, round projecting bays, high square dome and an all-surmo that bespeaks the New England shore. Maps, paintings and historic curios in abundance are among the treasures sent by this State to entertain the passing guest. "Little Rhody" has State Building a classic model, the above being a true type of a two-story Greek mansion, with stately portico, fluted Ionic columns, balustraded roof and ail the other features of Athe The grounds of this building contain a vine-covered arbor and are planted with flowers of the "old fashioned" kinds that bloom in the land of the Pilgrims. 239?n termed "the )alcony of the act model of a.ngular lot, but >unting lantern chosen for her enian elegance. STATE BUILDINGS.-The old residence of John Hancock was taken as a model for the Massachusetts State Building. The style is colonial. It is three stories high, the upper one be dormer windows. Above the roof rises a cupola and on this stands a weather vane formed of a gilded codfish. A flower-laden terrace surrounds the house, which with the great front makes the similarity between it and the original very striking. The New Jersey Building is also patterned after an old house of Revolutionary fame, that in which Washing headquarters during the winter of 1779 and 1780. The structure varies a little from the original by having an additional wing and more piazza space. Naturally the architecture is co adapted not so much for show as for service. Palatial is the only word which will characterize the New York State Building. The structure proper exclusive of terraces, verandas covers an area of 14,538 feet. The entrances are grand and are guarded by casts of Barberine lions. Busts of noted New Yorkers adorn the various niches and the interior appointment ings are in perfect accord with the imposing front. The Connecticut Building is a type of many of the prominent residences of the State. It is 72 x 73 feet in size and two stc front is a grand portico partly roofing a wide balcony which extends the entire length of the structure. The interior affords a home during the Fair for the Connecticut Commissioner 241 eing lighted by liberty-pole in gton made his lonial and was and porticos, ts and furnish)ries high. In and his family. i:_ STATE BUILDINGS.-The stately edifice erected by Pellnnsylvania is amnong the striking features of this section of the Fair. The style is colonial and the material of the first two storie pressed brick. Above the structure rises an imposing tower, being a reproduction of the clock tower on Independence Hall, the home of the famous Liberty Bell, now an exhibit at tl building undoubtedly is among the handsomest of the state constructions. Statues of many of the celebrities of Pennsylvania have been placed in conspicuous positions. The Delawy small but extremely pretty. Its style is southern, having the wide veranda around it so common to that section. The building is 60 x 58 feet in dimensions and has wide arch] entrances. It was one of the first to be completed. In strong contrast as to size is the Maryland Building close at hand. This is 142 x 78 feet in area and its pure Corinthian arch makes it a mark for the eye of the visitor. The building is three stories high with the main entrance through a Corinthian portico which extends up to the second story. A wi the entire length of the front and its decked roof forms a balcony from which a grand view of the surroundings is obtained. Florida chose for her State Building a model of old Fc noted Spanish fortress at St. Augustine. In point of antiquity this certainly outranks any other structure on American soil that has been reproduced at the Exposition. 243 es Philadelphia ie Fair. rThis are Building is ed and pillared litecture easiliy ide piazza runs )rt Marion, the i _ _~~____#I ___ STATE BUILDINGS.-Ohio was given a fine location near the Palace of Fine Arts for her State Building. It is a delightful structure 100 x 80 feet in area and two stories in height. T is of the Italian Renaissance. The front entrance is recessed in a half-circled portico of eight Ionic columns, which rise to the cornice of the building. These columns are in pairs spacesbetween. As is natural and appropriate the Virginia State Building is an exact reproduction of Mt. Vernon, the home where George Washington lived and died. The m 94 x 32 feet and is two stories with an attic in height. The entire front has a portico, the roof of which, projecting from the eaves of the main building, is supported by a row of large portico is ornamented with a somewhat elaborately designed railing around the top. The portico is 14 feet wide and is provided with ample seating conveniences for the visitors who con inspect the one time home of the Father of his Country. The peculiar architecture of the Michigan Building gives it an imposing appearance. The roof shoots upward in numerous their almost perpendicular slopes being ornamentated with fanciful dormer windows. The aim of the architects in the construction of the West Virginia State Building seems t combination of beauty and simplicity. The style is southern colonial with the broad, hospitable piazza so thoroughly characteristic of the Virginian home. 215 he architecture and have wide ain building is columns. T his ie to reverently s sharp angles, to have been a STATE BUILDINGS.-An interesting structure to look at is the Indiana State Building. Gothic in its style of architecture, it is marked by handsome cathedral windows and a number turrets which give it an extremely picturesque appearance. The main entrance is in a large tower which rises from the ground and is surmounted by a spire that reaches a height of first story is constructed of stone quarried in the Hoosier State and the two above it from wood and staff. A wide veranda extends entirely around the building. In the same vicinity of Wisconsin. The architecture is entirely modern and is after the style of many elegant metropolitan club houses. Four great porches afford the entrances, these being connected t which extend around the building. The first story is of Menominee red pressed brick resting on a wall of Lake Superior brownstone. The upper portion is mainly of dime fancifully colored. The general appearance is very striking. The Kentucky State Building is distinguished from the New England style by its wide pillared veranda. It is a typica homestead, not particularly handsome but decidedly substantial. The main extrance leads into a large central hall where there is a wide platform for public speaking. The other in ments are in perfect taste. The Minnesota State Building is of the Italian Renaissance style of architecture. It is 80 x 90 feet in dimensions and the material is wood and staff. 247 of towers and 150 feet, The is the building iy wide piazzas nsion shingles, 1 old Kentucky iterior arrange i iI UWA- WM lI~ LIN=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i fi I t -hi earn ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ RI'0 fdig i I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. v. g - '.... z I STATE BUILDINGS.-The Iowa State building architects had their work limited for them by reason of the space allotted being already partly occupied by the Jackson Park pavilion or "' structure they appropriated and by additions and alterations converted into a unique and attractive edifice. The new portions are all two stories high and in style were subordinated to structure. Handsome decorations prevail in every place where ornamentation is admissible. The Kansas State building was the first one to be dedicated. Its peculiar form naturally attention. The plan of the structure is cruciform and measures 135 x 140 feet. At one end is a low square tower having an almost flat roof projecting far outward, thus forming an o portion of the main roof. On the front of the tower are bas-reliefs representing the State as she was when admitted to the Union, in 1861, and also as she is at present. A massiv the composite order of architecture puts the State Building of Missouri into words. It is two stories high, the upper one being lighted by square windows. At one end of the buildir tower with a roof which rises to a point surmounted by a flag-staff. From the center rises a dome which with its ornamented ribs and panels adds greatly to the whole effect. / and rather homely building is that of the State of Nebraska. It is 6C x 100 feet in area and its long straight front is only relieved by a columned portico which gives it a somewhat c 2(9) b U ylitaii Shelter." Thi3 the permanent attracts much,verlap to that re structure of ng is a square k solid square olonial aspect. i I i I L - ~_ - I STATE BUILDINGS.-The Spanish Renaissance is the style of architecture which prevails in the Colorado State building. In area it is 45 x 125 feet, with walls 26 feet high. At each s entrance are two slender towers rising nearly 60 feet above the roof and tapering to a point from balconies and windows near the top. The entrance is 40 feet wide and consists < portals into a portico 28 feet deep. The structure is in color a glistening white and altogether is a striking and attractive object. The South Dakota Building is most admirably appearance is quite worthy of its position. It is 126 x 70 feet in area and two stories high, costing $15,000. The front is made very attractive by a wide veranda which extends acros the center rounding out in a graceful curve. The roof of this veranda forms a balcony entered from the second story and this in turn is roofed to the extent of the bow. The struct with Yankton cement treated to give the appearance of stone. The building of North Dakota is not large but is solid and compact and rather attractive in its way. It is 70 x 50 feet this a.space 46 x 21 feet is used as a courtyard. The building is two stories high and has a wide veranda in front of each. A balustrade of handsome design extends entirely around the the cornice enclosing the roof and adding wonderfully to the appearance of the structure. Utah has erected a handsome modern building and one which does great credit to that territc 251 ide of the main of three arched located and in s the building, ure is covered in area and of building above )ry. .MONWANA-.-WASHiNGT:ON _________n_______C__ll_ ____ _1_______ _ _ - - ace is recessed STATE BUILDINGS. —The Montana Building is of the Roman type, one story high, its exterior being ornamented with heavy fluted pilasters all round the building. The main entrn:eneath a Roman arch, above it being a pedestal supporting a miniature mountain peak on which is the figure of a huge elk. The pediments of the two wings are decorated with cluster figures or inscriptions denoting other products of the State are to be seen in the vestibule, lobby and elsewhere. The interior is elaborated with hard woods, marble and glass. Tl Building, next in order, is constructed almost entirely from the timber growths of that State, of which it is sufficient to say that the foundation logs are each 120 feet long by 52 inches No less than 2,000,000 feet of lumber were used in the construction, the roofing being of the famous "Washington cedar" shingles. It is a convenient as well as unique edifice and displa3 the natural resources of the State it represents. The Idaho Building reproduces a three-story log cabin, the foundation being of lava and basaltic rock. Round it are hung Swiss bal interior rooms contain all the appliances of mining, hunting and trapping in the virgin Northwest. The adjoining picture at once carries us to the Southwest, that Frenchy-looking strut Arkansas State Building, probably so designed because this region was first settled by Frenchmen. The entrance is through an eliptical veranda, highly ornate. 253 pce is recessed rs of fruit and he Washington s in thickness. ys satisfactorily conies and the cture being the TEXA&s STATE BUILDINGS.-Properly classed among the buildings of the States is the handsome structure erected jointly by New Mexico, Arizona and Oklahoma, under the title of Terri The structure cost less than $8000, and yet is among the beauties of this feature of the Exposition. In construction it is after the style of:a mobern clubhouse. Thle roof-garden, c specimens of the flora of New Mexico and Arizona, makes an attractive exhibit, while the interior has a line archaeological display and some paintings known to be over 600 years old. ture of the Texas building has a decidedly Spanish tinge, but with a new world grace and lightness symbolic of the Lone Star State. The colonnades, balcony and other adjuncts hav Louisiana State Building, which is a distinctly Southern type and is spacious enough to accomodate many treasures and mementos of Creole and plantation life One room, for insfance Louisiana relics of the Spanish and French periods, another to the exhibition of the rice industry, still another to sugar, and so of all the chief products of the State, while there is concert room, kitchen and restaurant, and a special exhibit of the schools for negro children, thus bringing many races down to the kindly modern idea. 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!i~:6 MX'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ll~~~~~~s ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.::i::~~~~~~~~~~~ i: i,~~~U USINAS T A E B I L D N G S - P r p er y las ed m o n th b u ld ng s of h e t at s i t e h nd s m e t ru t ur er ct d j int y b N e M e ic, A iz o a a d O lah m a u n er h e itl of T e Th t u t re c s e s h n $ 0 0,a d y t is a o g t e e u i s of t i e tu e o h E p st o. n c n t uc i n i s f e h s y e o m b r l bh u e h r o - a d n sp e i m e s f t e l o r o N e M xic a d A iz n a, m a es n tt r ct v e x h b it w ile th i n e r o r a s a f n e a rc e o o gi al d is l a a n s m e ai tin s n o w t b e o v r 6 0 e a r o t u re o t h e e x as uildi g h as a d ec d ed ly S p a ni h ti n e, b ut with n e w o rld race nd li ht n es sy m b lic o t h e o n e St r St a e. T h c ol o n ad es b alc ny a n ot h e adj u ct s h ad r e i h se i t o i a p a t, a d in t e c u t a f o n a n p a s e r s i t y r o g t e r ch f l a e o b n n s a m s a' d m g o ia e r t e w e t r n - x f t e A t P itorial Building.:ontaining rare e been fittingly:s also a Creole tial-: B: ii ng containing rare The architece been fittingly ace we find the e, is devoted to s also a Creole THE VOICE OF INDEPENDENCE. —Among genuine historical relics exhibited at the World's Fair, none was more appreciated than our own dear "Liberty Bell." It was conveyed to Ch and carefully. by an escort of Philadelphia citizens, and all along the route was a subject of proud ovation by the people to whom its history is a familiar theme. The above picture sho temporarily enshrined in the Pennsylvania State Building. Its fame originated on the 4th of July, 1776, when it first announced by its peals the "Declaration" then made, the most impo the history of our country. It had been imported from England in 1758, but owing to its being cracked on trial by a stroke of the clapper, was recast in Philadelphia under the direi Morris, by whom was probably chosen the following inscription, which surrounds the bell near the top, from Leviticus xxv. 10: "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all t thereof." Immediately beneath this is added, 'By Order of the Assembly of the Province of Penn. for the State House in Phil." Under this again is, "Pass & Stow, Phil. MDCCLIII." I the occupation of Philadelphia by the British, the bell was removed to Lancaster. After its return it was used as the State-house bell until the erection of the present steeple with its bell it ceased to be used except on great occasions. Finally it was removed to Independence Hall. Its last ringing, when it was unfortunately cracked, was in honor of a visit to Philadelphia o 257 icago, tenderly ws how it was rtant event in ction of Isaac he inhabitants n 1777, during in 1828. Then ot Henry Clay. ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ q: ~,tfS::.::fc -........... i, _i.;, X,.i,,~ 0., C " ) 3, u:: a., ~~ 0 _ -... 3 o ~.~_. C _,~ W Oa O c) 4-h co d, o v; 3 7!5 >, 4 -o E. Q. a ~ > a) j ~ CU o 3 92 ~ 0 '- o -,_ ~ t S < s -, ~ c l o -s m 3 o -o) (') r... O S m;>, o~. U C itS CjS 7 -; U t O 4-,. c c. QZa... c ^ *O 5 4- c ^ *S >.*n r3 jDS 0 a: ^ j^-c:^,r a a E0 U~ - O Ctd 3?1 0 " ) S qj I C- ( C 4 ^ v, i,S g X Zj n a_ Y M o O(" a a, e * O 0; 9s-Sc E cl CO z z ed 0, 3*4, S 4 CII I:$ ca -4-Jed~~ a CI I =, ~~~~~a ~~Z -4 Q)Q3i ~ 0~I~6 e 53'"O dE -4- bba E 75 a L*3 v, Z 0. C C) C 41 V)3"3~ a f s;::E:::k. f::i: -b h z &' 8~-~: : 26: i%: ~- ~ri% v g : r B P-;::-:: 4 ~ i p i-,,c~::4"'* *ijei"I:si I, Id I;: to U i9sW:A CHARIOT OF A NEW EMPIRE.-All the chief nations of the earth show their progress at this great Fair by numberless exhibits of art ald industry. BuIt thie Fair itself is tile overwheli to American progress, embodying as it does a colossal form ot enterprise, some *t the brainiest types of art and invention and a thlousalid other evidences of enlightenment anld lofty both touching and instructive that Americans have also showiln, in quiet criers about the grounds and hblildings, the relics and tokens of those earlier days when the pioneers had hardship for their portion. Of this character is the rude ox-cart depicted ab(,ve, which is one of the miscellaneous exhibits froll North Dakota, and less than a quarter of a century age vehicle for transport in the entire region west of Milinneapolis. It is here called a Red River cart, manifestly because it was usedi by the pioneers who forged a way into the wilderness by that bounteous stream. Doubtless some of its kind are still in use along the northllern reaches of the river where thiev wind ai way throuLIgh the plains of Manitoba. Anyhow it is in ri with the Empire it has helped to build up, which is today recogniedl as the richest granary of the world, has nu11erous )opulent and handsomie cities, and enjoys among other blessings a of rapid intercourse available to the higlhest civilization. This Red River ox-cart is precious as the chariot of a coInquleror in the sense that it has borne labor anid courage along the highvx iing testimony purpose. It is only toil and o was the only? the shores of ckety contrast 111 the facilities vay to success. - GREAT BRITAIN * CHeA FOREIGN BUILDINGS.-Chief among the foreign nations represented at the World's Fair Great Britain has given us a building in the style of an old manor house, one of those quail dious Elizabethan structures, with overhanging gables and nmullioned windows, that have been well termed "the stately homes of England". It has been named "Victoria House" in Britannic Majesty and is fitted and furnished interiorly in the spirit of true comfort which is characteristic of sour transatlantic cousins." In the Canadian Building will be recognized t same race transplanted to a new soil, where a hospitable open veranda replaces the shady porticos and the tnany-windowed pavilion seems to court the air and sunshine. At the ant taste seems to have gone back to classic forms, for the building of New South Wales is as pretty a reproduction of the Doric temple as a student's heart might wish for. The last vies is typical of Britaihi's mighty Indian empire, and even at its portal displays the florid style and lavish decoration that prevail in those laniis"Where the gorgeous East, with richest hand, Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold." 2i3 nt but commohonor of her he ideas of the ipodes English w in this series I I I I L 00gRAZI I IC ^ FOREIGN BUILDINGS.-Brazil, the largest of our South Amnerian neighllbors, is domiciled at the Fair in an elegant structure of the so-called French renaissance. The building is crucifo four facades the columns and capitals are of the pure Corinthan order, while there are four campaniles at the angles, each with an open observatory seventy feet from grade. T surrounded by a balustrade, and excepting the domne space affords a pleasant promenade for visitors. The building cost $90,000 and is scarcely less substantial than it is graceful in app Italian renaissance may be seen in the adjoining view of the Colombia Building, the glass dome on the roof being surmounted by a flying condor, the fit national emblem of that torrid re symbols of the country are its peculiar tricolor flag and the names and deeds of its patriots that are sculptured on the panels beneath the dome. The interior enshrines a collection of Ce antiquities of great interest and value. The Costa Rica Building is in a beautiful location at the east end of the North Pond, and has the chaste, simple outlines of a tropical home, wh is the one great blessing. The adjoining view of the building of Hayti, the " black" republic of the West Indies, is an adaptation of Greek forms to colonial requirements. Eight serve to support the dome and the beautiful piazzas are painted and decorated with luxuriant symbolism. The interior contains mIny relics of historic interest. 265 rm and on all he flat roof is earance. The!public. Other ntral American lerein coolness Doric columns r i, -, ~ ~ ~ ~ YY ~~.C... -.:~;i ~ I 4 -UATEMAI A 1' FOREIGN BUILDINGS.-The Ceylon Building, or Ceylon Court as it is termed, is modeled after the architecture of ancient Indian temples. The center of the structure is an octagon fron wings in either direction forming a hall 50 feet wide and having a total length of 145 feet. It is built of native Cingalese woods and where it has been possible tor the interior finishin have been highly polished and show natural grain of wondrous beauty. The entirely original architecture of the building of Guatemala makes it a very attractive exhibit. It is a sq bordering rather on the Spanish style though it is relieved of severity by the addition ot domes, making it correspond somewhat with the general character of the other foreign building the four corners is a square pavilion surmounted by these domes, they in turn being crowned by a flag-staff from which floats the Guatemalan ensign. In the center is a large court brightness to Spanish interiors and containing the usual fountain with waters gurgling and spouting over a wide rock. The Venezuela Building is small but tasteful in every one story high and of white marble in the Graeco-Roman style. Three handsome towers surmount lthe three sections of the building and add much to the stateliness of the glistening One of the side domes is crowned with a life-size statue of Coluinbus and the other with that of Bolivar tile Liberator. Amon~r the interesting relics exhibited is the flag borne by Piza 2(,7 n which extend g these woods |uare structure,s. At each of such as gives feature. It is white facade. irro. ~ii~~~~~i i?)('ii' ill;,, ~:,*:':. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Al FOREIGN BUILDINGS.-The building erected by France to represent its government is a hlndsome structure, elaborately decorated in every part and ennanced in its impressiveness by statuary. The style is of the French Renaissance and the materials employed are wood and staff. Thie edifice is formed of two large pavilions connected by a semi-circular colonnade an open court containing a magnificent fountain. One room in the chief pavilion is called "De La Fayette." The whole interior is richly furnished. The Spanish Building is alr reproduction of a part of the silk exchange at Valencia, Spain. It has a frontage of 84 feet and a depth of about 95. At one end rises a square tower 65 feet high. The structure is a r what is called Column Hall, in the Valencia building, the original containing' dLun0'e ns in which bankrupt merchants were confined. Column Hall is named thus because of the eight co one half feet in diameter which support the roof. This building is occupied by the Spanish Commission and is used as a reception hall for visitors. Manv relics of Columbus are exhibits. The Turkish government chose as a model for its buildin a foutai erected more t 23 yes i Costatiople by Selim the Great. On three sides of the structure marble basin into which pour streams of water, the fourth side being used as an entrance way for visitors. A feature of this building is its handsome woods and their intricate ca 2()9 adornments ot e, which forms nost exactly a eproduction of lunmns two and included in its extends a large rving. T7::: X f;:::::::::::;: 0 0 f f;:: Ry as S 0::: 0 A::; It ah: * is O RWAY-.J./.,~b WED EN ' ke ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7~... /::h:::0000: in:: if 0 I 0 aim; t: f f \f;d t add X; < t<7^ 500 0 0 0 0:;:0 0 em V # if IT FOREIGN BUILDINGS.-Beginning at the top of this group we find in the Norwegian Building a miodel of the old "Stavkirke," a twelfth-century style of Scandinavian architecture. surely rest on those vertical roofs and oddly peaked gables, while the devices that crane out from them must be the actual figure-heads of the "Vikings" in which Leif Ericson and othe have steered to America. The more pretentious building of Sweden may be called a specimen of architectural ingenuity. The only site available was triangular in shape, and the l conform to it in style and general outline. The result is a quaint pile facing all points of the compass at once and having galleries and projections that seem almost without design. N a dainty pavilion, all of Swedish material and workmanship, and shelters most valuable exhibits of the iron and other products for which that country is famous. A magnificent picture "the Venice of the North," is also one of the attractions As might be expected the German Building is extensive, picturesque and imposing, its open frontage on the lake shore giving i desired. It is 78 feet high and has a tower of nearly double that altitude. Tle style of the structure is composite, with Gothic for the prevalent tone, the middle section forming a cl profusely decorated. The roof is ol glazed tiles, the angles, water spouts, etc., are of brass or bronze, and the walls and galleries are covered with decorations wherever they can be f 2 71 No snow will;rs are said to building had to 2vertheless it is. of Stockholm, it all the effect hapel which is ttingly placed. FOUNTAIN IN FRENCH COURT.-No European building at the World's Fair has a prettier location than that of t"la belle France." Fronting the lake shore near the northern end of t stands out like a glittering commander at the head of the foreign contingent. It consists of two pavilions in the style of the French renaissance, these being connected from the rear by colonnade, which serves not only its structural purpose but as an airy and classic lounging place for the visitors and officials of the building. The court which is thus enclosed betweel faces the lake, and being shaded on every side forms a cool and delicious retreat, its charm being enhanced by an array of exotic blooms, parterres of bright flowers and the richly ar above delineated. No more restful place from the heat and burden of sight-seeing could possibly be desired. The fountain is itself a vision of delight, its figures being bronzes of true while the plashing of its waters is often commingled with the rippling music of Gallic speech. Other features of this building are very dainty. The exterior of both pavilions is elabora and there is a fine group of statuary in front of the northern facade. The decorations include French historical paintings, of course on a colossal scale and this novel outside display the streams of visitors who move north or south by the lake shore. It need not be said that the contents of this building are in keeping with its external elegance; also in full kee vivacious, polished and progressive intellect of the mighty French people. 273 the grounds it a semi-circular n the pavilions tistic fountain Parisian taste, itely decorated is not lost on ping with the FROM INDIA'S CORAL STRAND'.-The present age is so rapid, such gigantic strides are being made in all the arts and sciences and in nmchanics, at least in the more civilized portions that men almost ignore the claims of those older sections of the earth where the human family began its existence. It is only such events as the World's Columbian Exposition that brin, present a knowledge of the almost annihilated past. India, one among the oldest countries of the world, has an exhibit at the Fair. It is not a government display but one of private firms, though the government did afford some aid in promoting the enterprise. The exhibit is a wonder to thousands who have little suspected that this country could produce ar richness either in fabric or design. The building in which the display is contained is a one-story structure of peculiar architecture. Entrance is had through a lofty gateway su minarets, the whole being elaborately decorated. Inside is a collection to make the blood tingle in the veins of an enthusiastic relic-hunter. There are all kinds of pagan deities, wooden and ivory, as well as many made of silver and gold. There are vases and tapestries and carvings of rarest design, and there are, besides, more interesting than any of these cu the natives of the Indian Empire sitting at their little round tables sipping delicious tea from china cups that seem almost two fragile for touch or service. 275; of the world, g to the active e persons and tides of such irmounted by brass, bronze, rious objects, a 3C ) LI =V) ~ 3 }_ 0 O T, Q'-, o- a, ',: o:,. ~ E c ) a X S - o V "- - 3 > ", S 0-X Q S s = E 3,,, E, 4'-) O V 7S L5 V o - 4 w ) m 3 e S 0 Ce * v = O vC _ ^^'^^g-^Crt r^O u n O^q 3 O 3 o S Cu -i-' U t3^ ^ ^, I:L ^!|c si "r a *5*^ Z^-c > ' ~i.| iSd s~~l~ l C I THE KRUPP GUN BUILDING.-The Krupp display at the Fair is one which elicits great interest. The pavilion in which it is contained is located on'the lake shore near the south end c The entire exhibit cost the Krupp Gun Company about $1,000,000. The building is 85 x200 feet in area and has, besides, an annex 25 feet wide extending the full length of the st] pavilion is placed the largest cannon in the world. Its weight is 127 tons and it is 57 feet in length, and has a bore 16% inches in diameter. In making this monster piece of ordnance, of steel was bored and then huge bands of the same metal were shrunken around it until the breech had obtained an enormous circumference. The gun rests on a carriage of steel, arn most perfect and improved appliances for sighting the piece. As exhibited here it is in position for action with the platform for the gun crew all ready for occupancy. The cannon c Company about half a million dollars and was brought to the Exposition from the works at Essen, Germany, upon the special request of the Emperor. This immense gun has been number of times, the expense attending each discharge being about $1,250. It has a range of sixteen miles and carries an explosive shell weighing 2,300 pounds. Its precision at t considered wonderful and there are exhibited with it a number of steel targets 18 inches in thickness which have been penetrated by it at that range. 279 0 f fffS 00 f00000fffff0000 00000; fffi0fAt00jiff ff rS00404 EEt::: d0:ff:;S::f::00:0::fff:00:::fiS00003:ffff:SSS:j0040:;ff:fFAS W: 0f f00f70SffS:ff00t::;ff;0;W;ff00fffiSt000000;fff00fi:ty;ffffffiS0000 E;:::: f::ff:f::S:SS::::::XC:::f::::::t:;:0;::d:g000:0 WS<:4:i:::G0 j::f: S:: i;::: f:): i::0:E: SEVEdiC0!:Fy f::::ff f:X;00:f:0:t:i:0; ffffffffEV;:0fff fAidi:00::ff:f\800 S:; W:::;:: f: $:::iS:0:f:0:;:::0:E00:X:SX f:; C; 0:f:00::fff:fiC00::ff:::j:f:d:fiD00000000000:ff:00:f;f0; f S f fS:;:::iSii: f f; i Fif A: jASSSAdAS:d: fi;f::tS:;Si SiS:ffi::t4000 S:::E C::00::!; d: 70;:02:fA:;7000:St!::::-ff:00:S000000:f::;f:00 f::::D::::::: D:: E\:::::::: ti::j:: D!::ftEV::;03:;j002:X;:::0ff:ff SSEd:0S:000;j00:f;:SS;::::::: 0 0 f:f l:S: X f:::::::iS: idS:;::itSA:05::::D:::::::: f W:SiCCi::::S::;if:::: y i L:::::::::StH A:: d S:::: fff::i::f:::f::0::00000:fff::0::fff:00:fFi;:: f::: 0:::::f:::;:::::::::: f I - - - - - | y - - - - - - | | - | - | - - - - Ea_ - g i:::: {: - 8 of the grounds. cture. In the a solid cylinder anged with thc sost the Krupp X fired already a;hat distance is i1i: fi:70 * it;0:0:00000::0::: s 000:f:000::: f w S: I:: t-r it\::0::00 f:::: A f C$:40:S:: y:: A: An: ':: >: t:::: 0: j -:: - +: w s 0 1 0 4_ 0 1 I t ^ - - -;j F 1 It'5:E0::: \ VESTIBULE OF THE WHITE CITY.-If a study of the figures were made it would undoubtedly be discerned that the admissions to the Exposition through the western entrance t Plaisance exceed those of any other avenue to the Fair. The great popularity of this interesting place is a strong inducement to many visitors to make their first approach by it. T through the Midway without lingering at any of the attractions affords no end of amusement. Here there is such variety of life, such bustle and animation! Here are all the nation represented. In one and the same minute the visitor meets the fair-haired Laplander or Scandinavian from the north and the black-eyed and swarthy-faced descendant of Latin stocl South Africa. The Arabs of the desert here mingle with the cultured and refined denizens of the Paris salon and Mongolian jostles Caucasian in the hurly-burly throng. Above is a no, the west end of Midway. Nothing like the great crowd which pours through this channel in the morning, it is still an animated scene that greets the view. In the distance the Ferris up against the sky, revolving in gentle motion and seeming to give welcome to the incoming tide. Ranged along on either side are the various places of entertainment, the Chinese Jos< left, "Old Vienna" at the right, and the others stretching away into the beckoning distance. 281 o the Midway o merely walk s of tbe earth k or native of onday scene at; Wheel looms s house on the I I:'00;0ft:: ':::::: f:0::;::;;:::::: i i -:::::::::_P~ SBd:~s~lf-r~ ~~:::sP9~e a s:: %::: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,i~~~~~~~~ 0 l 0 f::: S:~::~~~~~~~~~~~~~:: * -: d::: b~~~~~~*': "'::::::::;:::-::::::::::::::;:; -ri04:Xrrt0X00:i-;:::::-::0:::: '::::':: —') —::: W 0S0:- 0q0000 — ffff;:0:;0::f::::::::::::: - -:_::::::~::: j 0 0 0 0 0 2 0:::-::::: -:_:::::-::::::::i:i~ii-:fi::::::::f:::::::::::::: I::00 i::iij-_-i0-i-..... tSS0000.i-ii,:iiii S-ff 0000f f ff- _: 0f::: -i:::: i_:i000: i:f: —:i: fffff;j0000 i:;0000: i-i-:f;S 004000 i'ii-;ffft:0000:;: it Si:S:-i:i —:04:00000:i_:i SC000 fi i: -:00Sy0: Sf:-:-_:ii:if:04;D:X:f::-::: f: f::: \:::::: i:;00: — i:::S -f:f:::,::-:i: _i00000Si 000ftf: 0:000000090:00:0:0fff: A;00:::00000 X:: 00300f:?C0 00::;::::C::::::: 7::;:::::f f::: -::: i:::: ~-:::::iV:-:-:-:i ----:f:it: i:: '' fi -:jS: -:g: t:::::;t:::::j:::E::V::::;ff:SX0::::::: —::: -i::f:::::: t:0:7f;::::::S::::fi::::::: i:::::::::::::-:::::::::;:::::-:::_::X::2 =::~ij::jiili iiAijiaj ff:0000000s ____::__:ff:f;:f:::::0000ffffff:iiii:::-:-i: C's~ tt - cs3 5: O C b.. a o - 4-1 4;- C) c Q.) i -X; \0 c# :)E C g = c G cJ Q cd - 3 o.0 o * u s o X > CC' C ~ (U cu V) tu 3 p * 141 V) U q -~ c5 (n _ 't aj n5,:: 5- X t,; Q.4 nt C O O 5 ) ~C CIS 0 ^ v+, ^:'^ —'0 i \0 U -.cT, W: O SJ ) 3 5.2 vt, V C ) g X;: X a =;;: 5 ) W O X S M O* X. i *" cM c 3:. to o au AC; > u s;> u -s 0j:;: f::: I t;0000 0 [ iD:i:::: 7:: s::: S::: 7:: (:d::.:: D::::: l l 1 F. l [ f I d': ': f I:: l l 1: 00: l I.: 1 I: l l E:: i::: | f l |:; l l I 0 E: I t:: l l I S: \ I:::: I::: l 1:00 fff f:::::: I::: I I: I:; 0 i i::l X:::::::: l, 0:, ff i:: I::,!, i:::::,::::: ' SSS? 0 f:::, iTS00 (t::::::::::::7:r: 7: 7: 7::.:: S 7 j K:: j!.. 7 > A.:.i;; AX 0:r:S0jESjUSt0E I A MODERN OTHELLO.-Not Solomon in all his glory was arrayed like the sturdy African who has won for himself the title of "the Othello of the Midway." Physically speaking he type of humanity, being six feet four inches in height, graceful and sinewy as a tiger and clean and well-proportioned as a bronze statue. The cardinal red fez with bright blue tassel set; from his brow. His burnouse, or cape, is of cream-colored China silk, the vest beneath it being of vivid scarlet embroidered in gold. Light blue trousers, red morocco boots and a colors, help to complete the costume, over which is flung a brilliant green coat, heavily gold-embroidered. This gorgeous creature is called a Moor, but the term is used ratb connection with all the Africans from the Mediterranean shore. He is certainly a pure African type, and among the negroes of this country very many could be found whose features of the same mould. The people of Morocco, who should properly be called Moors, are largely made up of Berbers and Kabyles, with a sprinkling of Negroes in the ports and cities. I Othello is one of the latter, and it may be-Oh, cruel thought!-that he is an African from South Clark Street. There is a great falling off in the Moorish race from the gallantry and di ancestors who were long masters of Spain, and could only be expelled therefrom by such puissant rulers as Ferdinand and Isabella. 287: is a splendid s jauntily back sash of many her vaguely in are identically It may be this ignity of those 70 -i: idi::-:,2-, -~: ii: i r:;::: DRAWBRIDGE AND MOAT, GERMAN VILLAGE.-It is not so very strange, perhaps, that the Teutonic race finds its pastime in the emblems and appliances of "grim-visaged war." with sending to this Fair the monster Krupp cannon, symbolizing the destructiveness of modern warfare, Germany has equipped its village on the plan of a feudal stronghold, and cony buildings into museums of arms and armor that tell the story of attack and defense from the middle ages down to the present. This "Schloss," for instance, is a model of the old Rhine country, encompassed by a deep moat on every side and with no other entrance than by the drawbridge frowning above, which is contrived to be instantly hauled up on the al enemy. There is a jovial tavern sign on the wall near the entrance, and a portion of this stern castle is but an everyday winestube and restaurant, all the rest of its rooms being filled v cavaliers and German soldiery, weapons old and new, armor, uniforms, accoutrements and other requisities of camp and campaign, showing the progress of the art of destruc days of Charlemagne down to the proud young "war lord" who now sways the destinies of Fatherland. Only the traditional good temper and conviviality of the German visitors save of their village from the charge of gloominess. '289 Not satisfied ierted the chief castles of the pproach of an vith figures of:tion trom the es this feature IN THE FATHERLAND.-In one sense at least the German Viliage is perhaps more interesting than any of the other exhibits onil the Midway Plaisance. The structures, instead of being slipshod manner of mere show buildings, were erected in a solid and substantial form, as if the idea of permnanency prevailed. The whole enterprise was promoted and sustained by pr citizens with the sanction of the Emperor. The space occupied is large, as of necessity it should be to carry out the objects of the projectors. The village was also built entirely by Ge and of German material, its features being intended to faithfully represent nmany of the conditions crf life in the Fatherlands. The great castle with its moat, draw-bridge and pali accurate idea of the architecture in vogue in feudal times, while the collection of arms and warlike accoutrements exhibited in its main hall is valued at more than $1,000,000. It is a s moated castle that appears in the view above. Around this is a typical German village with dwvellings of various provinces, from far-off Suabia to sunny Alsace. These include furnishe rooms, a village concert garden and an old style Rath-haus or town hall. In the building are interesting exhibits, all indicating conditions of the domestic, social and industrial life of tl 291 put up in the rivate German?rman artisans sades gives an ection of this.d farm house ie Fatherland. :~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:.:::;:. X:::: IL:- A: SI ACTS::9.@. J I a; T:::::: i:-::: of-::7 p^ /?'".... /.. l'"^,.. ': 1:: j i% O:%L HoZ H LADY ABERDEEN'S IRISH VILLAGE.-It Ireland is not privileged to have a separate display at the Fair being absorbed and overshadowed by that of the conquering Saxon, she at le compensation by unfolding her pathetic story to the millions who throng the Midway. The above picturesque exhibit is fittingly known by the name of its kind-hearted patroness, t Governor General of Canada. When that nobleman was Viceroy in Ireland his countess took a deep interest in bettering the lot of its peasantry, out of which sprang a movement for home or cottage industries of the land. The rural dwellings in this village are devoted to so many pursuits of the class indicated, such as lace making, embroidery, and hand loom wea which the operatives are Irish peasant girls. The village contains also historic features of interest. The gate on the Midway front is a model of the entrance to King Cormac's chapel rock of Cashel. Beyond this is a replica of the cloister of Muckross Abbey, one of the venerable ruins with which Ireland is studded and which nourish the patriotism of her people them of a free and glorious past. A beautiful stone specimen of the Celtic cross stands in the village square. Over all looms a reproduction of Blarney Castle, the ancient ruin nea enshrines the famous stone that is said to be a talisman to confer the gift of eloquence. 1293:ast finds some he wife of the developing the aving, in all of at the ancient by reminding ir Cork which QUAINT BUILDINGS IN "OLD VIENNA."-As a matter of interest to the average visitor to the Fair and to the Midway Plaisance, the detailed view of this Austrian show-place has claims as the interior. The remarkable architecture of the buildings, as indicated by the roofs which may be seen in this illustration, would not fail to excite sympathy with th That many visitors are thus drawn within is apparent, but it affords no slight interest to watch the native Viennese who mingle with other foreigners and with the America] adjacent to this renowned Altmarkt. There are over 500 Austrians employed in this enterprise and it is pleasantly appetizing to enter the large restaurant where 1,000 people can be seat pretty Viennese waitresses flit about taking the orders of its patrons. In the view given the large Rath-haus or city hall can be seen in the foreground on the left. It is the most pretentic Old Vienna and is attractive from an architectural point of view. The entire scene is supposed to be the reproduction of the famous square as it was 150 years ago, even then being an ol within its limits an ancient tree of the forests that here bordered the Danube. This mimic "Der Graben" is a lively trade mart, but its transient visitors undoubtedly have little of the which the Viennese themselves behold the place. 295; quite as many e historic past. ns in the street ted and see the )us structure in d street having reverence with INTERIOR OF "OLD VIENNA."-This interesting feature of the Midway Plaisance is really a reproduction of "Der Graben," a noted public square in the Austrian city. It covers an area c and around the spacious plaza stand rows of antiquated buildings and booths. In all there are thirty-six structures, among them being the "Rath-haus" or City Hall, and a church. bazaars and restaurants. The Graben derives its name from the fact that this was the ancient Grab, or moat, surrounded by the fortified wall which rose where now are yonder buildi some of the most luxurious and expensive retail shops in Vienna. At one corner of the street is a most extraordinary looking object, protected partly by the wall of the building some bands of iron. It is the famous Stock im Eisen, or the Iron stick. It is well named, for it is an old tree of the ancient forest literally covered with nails. The original which apparently could not crumble away if it should try to, was for some cause, now unknown, esteemed especially sacred, and every one who drove a nail into its precious w spiritual shield against the devil. How odd it must seem to see this strange reminder of the past, standing thus grimly in the very center of the city's life; just as some superstitio of Friday or thirteen at a table, still exists amid the common sense and science of the nineteenth century. 2,7 f 195 x 590 feet The others are ings containing r, and partly by tree in Vienna, rood received a n, like a dread CAMP OF DAMASCUS COLONY.-Never in the history of mankind have the old and the new. the long dead past and the breathing present, been brought so strangely and strikingly this World's Fair at Chicago. What could be more remarkable, for instance, than that traders from Syria's ancient capital should be vending their fwares in the heart of the American co venerable city had both commerce and fame long before Athens, Rome or Byzantium. It was a noted place even in the days of Abraham, whose steward is referred to in Genesis Damascus." And how wonderfully eventful is the history that spreads out over four thousand years. At one period, under the rule of the Hadads, Damascus was a rival of Israel her. change of dynasty in the time of the prophet Elisha. As a stronghold it fretted the path of Alexander the Great. It was captured by the Romans under Pompey. It was an opulent C the fourth century. In the seventh it became the prey of Mohammedans, and long continued to be the capital of their empire. The Crusaders besieged and fought for it. Tamerla ravaged it. And lastly came the Turks, who conquered and still retain it. The camp shown above, and claimed to be of a style six hundred years old, is after all but a sample of what r modern Damascus. The costumes, arms and shields betray the presence of the Moslem. There are great days still to come for the ancient capital of Syria. together as in )ntinent? That as "Eliezer of self. It had a hristian city in me the Tartar nay be termed IN THE ALGERIAN THEATRE.-Toward the western end of the Midway Plaisance, beyond the haunts of Turk and Celt, stands the Algerian Village. The theatre here is a square white bI simple in outline. It is broken into square turrets on either corner. The interior is arran-ed much after the fashion of any of our houses, but is devoid of boxes, and the stage is narrc scenery of any description. Along on a divan are seated musicians and artists. From this stands up slowly a comely girl, with fine features and big black eyes, who comes forward a far away smile to the audience. She is arrayed in big blue trousers, dark hose and yellow slippers, and has a broad sash at her waist, a gold-eimbroidered jacket, and loose gauzy sleet jauntilyonherheadandhugeringsofbrassdependfrom herears She has two silken handkerchiefs in her hand,which she waves to the rhythm of the music, and her danci movements, half walk, half shuffle. She gives us in pantomime the toilet of an Oriental lady, illustrated with mirror and hand-washing. When her toilet is completed the music gro and she shuffles, whirls and stamps her foot, and as the stimulating cries of her companions grow louder, she goes through a series of snake-like undulating motions, and then, with foot, retires. 301 uilding severely )w and without nd bows with a ves. A cap sits ng is a series of ws more rapid, a stamp of her HOMES OF THE JAVANESE.-Above all the Malay tribes the Javanese are the most ingenious and painstaking. Their village on tile Midway P;aisance has been a constant centre of visitors never cease admiring the cozy habitations, bazaars and theatre which have been contrived from such simple materials as palm leaves, grasses and split bamboo poles. The dec< produced by the weaving of different colors, striped and fringed mats, and other devices, are also quite attractive, and it is no longer matter for surprise that a Javanese considers him owns "a piece of land, a bamboo hut and a buffalo and cart." In their island home this people are distributed over the country in villages called dessas. Every dessa, however sm independent community; and no sooner does it attain to any considerable size tihan it sends off a score of families or so to form another dessa. Each lies in the midst of its own area c The enclosure is made of an impervious hedge of bamboos forty to seventy feet high. Within this lie the houses, each with its own bamboo fence, and in the centre of all, or forum, is 1 Waringen tree. The mosque stands at the west side. Besides the toil of the rice and coffee plantations the natives have many other useful industries. Cotton spinning, weaving a carried on as domestic operations by the women. The men include metal workers, carpenters, potters and armorers. There are but very few drones in the homes of the Javanese. 3U8 interest, an. orative effects self rich who all, forms an )f cultivation. usually a giant nd dyeing are .,::~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: JAVANESE HOUSE BUILDERS. —As showing the most remarkable ability in the construction of primitive buildings, the Javanese were by all odds the greatest attraction on the Mid) Even the quaint wall of bamboo which surrounded the village engendered a strong desire to pry further into the modes of life of this peculiar people. Within the enclosure are some twv including among them a theatre, a coffee and tea saloon and two bazaars, the rest of the number being dwellings for the natives. Independent of the other structures is an open booth i all grades of coffee in the raw state and as a Javanese export, while their merits may be tested at the regular cafe where they are dispensed as a beverage. The buildings of the vi bamboo and are on one general plan, corresponding to that presented above. They were of course all erected by the natives, of whom fair types may also be seen in this picture. T the main feature of the village. The commodities exposed for sale are all the handiwork of this interesting people and prove the more attractive as many of the articles are fabricated the purchaser. Canes, hats, baskets and ornaments, of wonderful design and variety, form the main stock in trade. The Javanese as a people have won the respect and good will of their uniform courtesy and good nature. 305 way Plaisance. enty buildings, where are sold illage are all of 'he bazaars are in presence of all visitors by JAVANESE BRIDE AND GROOM.-To very few indeed, either visitors or sojourners, was the Midway Plaisance half so interesting as to this Javanese couple. It happened in the brigh and by all accounts was a very pretty wedding. There was no grand wedding march, no grand display of floral decoration, but it was the union of two hearts after the manner of the which the bride shed tears in the good, old-fashioned style. Nevertheless the occasion was made much of by the manager of the village. The young couple were seated in a palanq borne in the midst of a motley procession, chiefly consisting of natives bearing Dutch and American flags. Following the bride and groom came the dancing girls of the village in their The procession stopped in front of the theatre, where a space was roped in and covered with mats. Here the simple nuptials were performed by an aged Malay, an expounder of the K blessed the young people in an impressive way. Then the procession was reformed and proceeded to the groom's cottage, where a feast was spread. After two hours spent in adjourned to the theatre, where the dancing girls performed before the happy pair and wedding marches were ground out from many strange instruments. It was evidently some day; photographer was privileged to make this picture. it mid-summer, Sir faith, and it uin, which was bravest finery. oran, who also banqueting all s later that the 307 *R^j, so ->i^,y^^ BeLB / LAPLAND FAMILY AND DWELLING.-For their own comfort as well as i'or thle purpose of exhibition the Lapland Village on the Midway was coinstructed by its tenants as nearly as pos; they are accustomed to in their far northern home. True these mimic huts are not of snow and ice, but they are dingy and smoky to a degree and have only the small hole for ingre found in the originals. The show has proved a good paying one and is exceedingly interesting. '['here are twenty-four Laplanders in the village but they are nearly all of one family. abov, represents but a small portion of it. The man at the right is Neil Bull and though he has the appearance of being young and fresh, he is really well advanced in years. His wife sit and on the right it their son, who looks every bit as old as his father and bears in his features a striking resemblance to his mother. Neil Bull is said to be a very wealthy man in his col about 2000 reindeer, which have a cash value of about $50 each. The reindeer park in the village is a feature of much interest. In it were nine of these animals, which though so tough, a such endurance, do not take kindly to the warmth of this latitude; eight of them have died. The natives amuse and profit themselves by making and selling various articles and ornamr hair, a pursuit which is congenial to the prolonged indoor life of their arctic homes. sible like those.ss and egress. The picture ts next to him untry, owning ind possessing ents of human A GROUP OF SINGING FIJIANS.-The term South Sea Islanders as applied to a Midway Plaisance attraction in reality embraces natives from a great number of the islands in the India and the South Pacific Ocean, as well as from New Zealand and New South Wales. Although the exhibits known as the Javanese Village and the South Sea Islanders are separate, they v the same type of people. They have proved an interesting feature of the Midway and are without any exception the best natured and most amiable in manner of all the foreign element Most of them speak English, and all appear to have a courtesy and natural politeness entirely at variance with their savage appearance. Their manners and customs and ways of living of never-ending wonder to the visitors and they always have attentive audiences whether engaged in making fires by rubbing two sticks together or in making their favorite brew. Th( are unique, constructed mainly of bamboo poles, thatched with cocoa matting, which also adorns the earthen floors. They make themselves entirely at home and amuse the visitors by l songs, which though not sweet-toned are by no means unmusical. Like all savage music there is a subdued note of melancholy in it, which breaks out in the fierce chorus no less than and though it may grate on the cultured ear is felt to be most touching. 311 n Archipelago ire practically ts represented.. r are a source eir habitations their character in the refrain, A POLYNESIAN STAR COMPANY.-Among the foreign shows on the Midway that of the South Sea Islanders is most populous if not most interesting. It comprises in all 300 native the East Indian Archipelago, included with whom are many Fijians, Tongoese, Samoans, and other tribes of the islands in the Pacific. Many of these are but little removed from their peri savagery, even of downright cannibalism, but all have now the raiment, industries and pastimes of a nascent civilization. It is curious that in this development the theatre takes a forer aside from the jugglers, acrobats and other special attractions, there are seen in the company that performs a certain harmony and fitness denoting study as well as discipline. Above is picture of this company, showing a few of the dancing girls seated in the foreground. These latter are Javanese, and were permitted to come with the party by the native Sultan of whose court retinue they belong. Their dancing talent is hereditary, and they are chiefly young, lithe and well-formed girls. They have a fondness for bangles and similar ornamn brilliant red ballet skirts are made of colored bark fibres. The Sultan, their master, keeps quite a corps cf such dancers, the occupation descending from mother to child; hence they ar and graceful. The male performers delineated have each some specialty, what is termed the cannibal dance being familiar to all. Grim suggestion, that. 313 s, chiefly from iod of complete nost place, and, a "flash light" Jokjerkata, to ants, and their re all very agile GROUP OF TURKS AND BEDOUINS.-The artist who "took" this group was scarcely comprehensive enough in his title. There is a bewildering variety of races under the crescent o and especially in those Asiatic provinces from which our Midway visitors have chiefly come. To begin with the Turk himself is but an intruder from the farther East. The region conquered, though the cradle of the human family, had already been overrun by many races. From time immemorial it has been the battle-ground for the contending tribes of Europe, Among these were none more brave than the Bedouin Arabs, and though the Turks obtained the mastery there are no subjects of the Sultan more independent today than the coui Prophet. But these are not all. Many Armenians and Syrians are likewise Mohammedan, and there is a considerable admixture of Egyptians, Greeks and Persians in the cities of the e to those peoples. Hence in any group of so-called "Turks" there are apt to be representatives of several of these races, some of which adhere fondly to their traditional costumes, interesting fact that the religion of Islam binds them all in fraternal devotion to the ruler at the Golden Horn. At the same time there are numerous bodies of Christians, Greek, Mar and others, though the embroidered crescent on the robes of the men portrayed would mark them as true Mohammedans. a1b f the Ottoman, which he first ksia and Africa. ntrymen of the mpire adjacent while it is an onite, Catholic :E i!::::::::::: i::: X::: IN THE BEDOUINS' QUARTERS.-Associated in the Turkish enterprise on the Midway Plaisance was the featulre caf a Bedouin tent camip, including Arabian horses and camels. It attraction to youthful visitors because of its delineations of the wild life of those desert nomads. The above picture includes some of the best known characters in the show..equestrianism, considering the scanty arena, and their dexterity with scimiter, spear and shield, were entirely worthy of the traditions of the race. It is known to the merest schc Bedouins are all for war and adventure, and their domestic duties are alinost confined to milking. Boys and girls tend the camels, sheep and goats, and the women and slaves do all tl: dressing the beautiful locks of the warriors. The Bedouins are great story tellers, and a thousand and one Arabian Nights are still current among them. Each tribe has its bard, who,deed. of its robber chief and great leaders, and every Bedouin is an aspirant for the position. Their pastimes include story-telling, singing, dancing, ball-playing, feats of horsema coffee and smoking. Their manner of fencing is for the combatants to first rest their spears in the sand, and then ride round and round, using them as a pivot, and keenly watching 1 -to strike. O casionally the spears are raised, crossed and struck together- then there is chasing, turning and circling around again, with their long weapons as pivots. proved a great Their feats of )olboy that the ie rest, even to ) celebrates the nship, drinking for an opening : 1 TRIO OF ORIENTAL GAMBLERS.-In the Koran of the Islamites games of chance are forbidden and a gambler's testimony is ordered not to be received in a court of law. Chess and are only permitted when they do not interfere with religious observances. It is to be feared, therefore, that the Turks who have come to the Midway are not all pious Mohammedans, o trio before us must be of the Arab stock who have learned to disregard the precepts of their national Prophet. A more dread alternative is also suggested by the picture. Can it be have learned to gamble since they came to Chicago, and that they have to thank the White City for this defilement of their simple oriental tastes? It is on record that during the summer individuals from Dahomey were found deeply excited over a throw of "craps," a game which is redolent of the alley resorts of the city. Have the Turks also been corrupted? Has Chicag instead of civilizing its pagan guests? Or, most terrible suspicion of all, is it in the bounds of possibility that some of these gorgeous Turks, naked South-Sea islanders and stalwart Al other than citizens of our own colored race made up for the occasion. It is hateful to be in the business of spoiling any romance but the "snap shot" is as liable as other devices to te of school. These gamblers look "childlike and bland," but they are not playing for peanuts. 319 games of skill r else that this possible they r some bronzed go demoralized rabians are no 11 tales outside ..S.a: a -,4:: E 7:: li v:::: Hi:iii DWELLERS NEAR THE PYRAMIDS.-The Bedouin encampment was about the only attraction on the Midway having any degree of real merit that failed to pay. The manager, a Syr man, has lost about $150,000 in the enterprise. The encampment comprised rather a large company of people and many animals. Of the former there are between forty and fifty and al there are some of the finest Arabian steeds that have ever been seen in this country. The entertainment given in the encampment is very exciting. It is in the Oriental idea what Buff West show is to our own citizens and is popularly known as the "wild east show." The band arrived in Chicago early and opened at Washington Park. Their ill luck began even then. a considerable amount of their properties and a number of their magnificent horses. After they opened on the Midway their location proved faulty and the enterprise has been from be a losing game. These Bedouins are an interesting people and their camels for riding are much finer animals than any seen in Cairo Street. They are a savage people and are constan attempts to carve each other. The scimeter must be kept from rusting by constant use. Whether such strifes were in dead earnest or a mere ruse to keep up an animated show was problems that gave occasion for much gossip among the denizens of Midway.: t: _:: t:::::_::::::::: iii:;:: (.-i~-i~.'.:''":-'i::i-::::-:::~: -:: '::::'-'::::::: -:: i-:.:.::-__:::::: —_:-:::r:~~:_::::::::::D:: Z: i::::::::_-:E:i:::: —:::::: -::-:::) -::>;:-:::: -: _~:-:<:-N '':::::::::::::S::::::.::::::::.r:j:_:: i:::E::::::-;,:::::::::::::::::.'::::: -::::::;Z * v y:::g::::Be:: i j: ~:::: —::::. —:::: i~:: f iii-:i::i::::E:.:-;.:'i::-::: &. -::::' i.:'::::-.S::: '::r::;:::::::y- X B:_::::::::-::T:...: -::.-i:._:B$'x': ': ':::::_: lj_:_::...:,,::"9:~.::::-:-::-:::.:::::i-i' l::ii'::::: —:::::::::::-:~:-; i::::-:......:ii::: i:i-:: 7: -- -: ~:::::;-: ):::: _::kE:: -.::::i: -:-:::_:::::.:-:-::'::.::::i::):::: -:-.::S -::::.::.i:i~t:,S:.:::: -ii --- si~ii:::::::: -i::::f:::E::::::::::::::::::.::.:-::':::-.::::::,::-:. - E. --.:::::-:-:.::. —:::-::~'- i:::.: --:- i:i: a-:iii —i::::i i:::. _:: C::::::: ~::.i:::~~::q::-::::::_::-::-::.: r::::-: -, -r:i:::::: a-::::.C::-:i -::.i::::::-:::i::: -: i: f: -::'-j:: 77- oii-::::\:: S:: i -:::i:::::: _:::i -:::::-::.: 7:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::.. "':::i::::-i::ii —. V: -:::::::: n:::::::: i:i:-_::::::::::::::::::-:::::::::::'.:::::: 'r:::::::: -::-:::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::.: -::::::: -::.:::::::,::::.,,:-' -::::::::::::::::-::::::::::::::::-::-::::::::::: -i::-:::::::i:0:::: i:-:: -::f j 321 A SYRIAN HORSEMAN.-This cavalier from eastern Syria is probably a Bedouin, for these restless sons of Araby are at ho/e in all the deserts that fringe their native peninsula. Anyh< that he rides an Arabian steed, for the blood of this equine jewel is in the most valued breeds all over the provinces of Turkey. It is in the Nejed district, on the west shore of Arabia, horse may be seen in all his perfection. The "Kochlanli" are the horses whose genealogy has been carefully preserved even since the days of Solomnon; the *;Kadeshi" are those whz unknown. The former are reared with the Arab's children, sharing their master's tent, are fed with bread, milk and dates, and petted and treasured as honored guests. Barley and po the animal's chief food. He becomes both the friend and companion-in-arms of his master and shares with him the honor of the legend and ballad. In their meetings outside the tent t tribe always have some wonderful stories to tell of the bravery and faithfulness of their blooded steeds. This Syrian exploited a few such1 tales on the Midway but it is probable they for commercial purposes, for of all the keen money-grabbers who exhibited at the World's Fair the children of the desert were among the shrewdest and most successful. What is calle is almost downright modesty compared with the greed o! a silky Oriental. 4W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4::3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tx WI ii:i~ iii~!ii~:~:i~, ~!ii!!;<:X~!%!;!~!~~':i~? ~::~*::R;,.......:7 ~ ~;I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~w taSRA HOSMN-hiscvler froideastr Srani proablyan stedoi, for thee reslesoods of Araby equie jewelois inal the msvaudbredsaloert thet froinges fTre.Isi theeed isrit onative penisula.ro Arabi, horse may be seen in all his perfection. Te"ohal"aetehre hs eelg a encrflypeevdee ic h aso ooo;te"aehl r hs ' the aimal' chif foo. Hebecoms boh thefrien andcompaion-n-arm of is mater nd shres wth hm thehono of In leendiad balad.nngtherumetingsoutsdettntten tribe always have some Wonderful stories to tell of the bravery and faithfulness of their blooded steeds. This Syrian exploited a few such tales on the Midway but it is probable the, for commercial purposes, for of all the keen money-grabbers who exhibited at the World's Fair the children of the desert were among the shrewdest and most successful. What is calle is almost downright modesty compared with the greed of~ a silky Oriental.::.^ ',...' ' N,^,l, I*':^t;:^|:::; itisc rt i ta th nai ve: d Yake ps 823 SOLOMAN JOSEPH AND TA-RA-RA BOOM DE-AYE.-It is significant of the drollery that abounds on the Midway Plaisance, and to which many nations have lent their share, tha names here given should have been bestowed on guests who come from venerable Nazareth. The truth is, however, this Syrian boy and his donkey do a comedy part in the "Wild Eas would be hard to tell which provokes the greater merriment, the lad by his frolicsome antics or the brute by its stoical indifference to them. In the mountainous regions of Palestine t prized by the natives as it has been for thousands of years. It is satisfied with such coarse and scanty fare, and is so sure-footed and meek under the rudest treatment, as to commen denizens of a country that is now almost a desert. A mighty change indeed has come over that land of Judea since the wonderful happenings that endear it to the Christian. Naz been a place of pilgrimage from the second century. It has passed t irough many vicissitudes from the time of the Crusaders down, but we love best to think of it as the little co peasants and handicraftsmen, nestling in olive groves and green meaciows, separated and yet not distant from the busier life of the important cities of Galilee and surrounded on a pleasantest landscapes of Canaan 3 2, 5 it the fantastic;t" show and it this creature is id itself to the:areth itself has untry town of 11 sides by the / S. s:::i > / THE BABY ARAB, "COLUMBUS CHICAGO." —Selim, a Bedouin Arab, and one of the tribe of Hassan, was presented with a son and heir in the encampment on the Midway Plaisance. above does not represent Selim as looking pleased. But that is nothing. These people do not express their pleasure by wreathed smiles. "Columbus Chicago" does not appear to h awake characteristics of his geographical namesake. He is asleep. Chicago never is. The mother's name is Bander. She is not very attractive as to features but for all that she posse influence over Selim to induce him to forswear his Christian faith and become a Mohammedan for her sweet sake. As Arabs go this is undoubtedly a happy family. Selim has his he his mouth and his scimeter in one hand, and though he is scowling fiercely it is no doubt his habitual expression. He would probably look much worse should he attempt to sm constant rivalry between the tribe of Hassan, who are camel riders, and the tribe of Hagi who are horse riders. Perhaps Selim is meditating vengeance upon one of the Hagi. These rivalr during the summer some noisy conflicts between the children of the desert, mainly among themselves, though at intervals some outsiders got tangled in the melee and the services of t Guard had to be called in to restore "dove-eyed" peace. 327 The picture iave the wide-:ssed sufficient )okah stem in ile. There is ries occasioned he Columbian i E 7 - ' I — I r. I I I III I V - 0 T; m!! 1 A;. 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Although Buddhism has been almost confined t,Divine Island" which tradition assigns as the scene of many of Buddha's priestly labors, yet it has so far invaded the mainland as to prove a strong influence against Brahmanism, t spreading itself over the vast empires to the east. Buddhism abolished caste as a religious institution and carried its own doctrines to all the people. It demanded purity of life and rej of every kind. Its final object is Nirvana, or the deliverance of the soul from all pain and the body from all passions by a rigid observance of right conduct, wise speech and lofty, cor The youth on the other side is a Druse from Damascus, the venerable capital of Syria, where his father enjoys considerable renown as an oculist. Though but sixteen years of age hI horseman and in his native city holds the position of book-keeper at police headquarters. The Druses are a somewhat remarkable sect, chiefly dwelling in the mountains of Lebanc combining the doctrines of the Pentateuch, the Koran, and a garbled conception of Christianity. 337 Parliament of o Ceylon, the )esides further ected sacrifices rrect thinking. e is an expert )n, their creed FEMALE TYPES FROM THE EAST.-Like all or at least most all the institutions of the East the harem claims its authority for existance from the Koran. Mohammed declared and the that a true believer might have four wives. For the man, divorce is an easy matter. He need only say "thou art divorced" and it is done. In this as in almost everything else the eastern countries have no rights whatever. There has for years however been a gradual tide setting against polygamy. Centuries of education have trained the Oriental woman to the is a creature merely to be amused, waited upon, bathed, perfumed and kept from the gaze of the world for her husband's sake alone. She is often placed in the upper rooms of a bull almost as a prisoner, except that all the appointments of the enclosure are rich in fountains, baths, couches and silk draperies. Everything that can please the senses is provided and merely in the interest of her luxurious lord and master. Above are presented two fairly good types of eastern women. It must have been a matter of intense wonder to them on country to find their sex so thoroughly free and independent. On the Midway there were some women seen veiled as is their usual custom, but in the majority of cases this practice wa before thev had been long at the Fair. 339 Koran specifies. women in the. idea that she Iding and kept I after all it is coming to this Ls discontinued VISITORS FROM THE HOLY LAND.-The inhabitants of Palestine or the Holy Land are made up of many races and are very mixed as to origin. In religion they are divided into iM Christians and Jews. The former are the most numerous and are composed of Turks, Arabs, Greeks and Syrians. Though the latter elements include the greater numbers, the Turk ma all the plums to himself. The people of Palestine are as a general class the best looking of any of the Orientals. They are graceful and courteous in manner but are fanatical, ignorant The woman in the picture above is a Nazarene. Her name is Nezaha and she is from the identical village in which the Savior lived up to the time of beginning his public mission. She an Arab gentleman, both being of the Druses religious sect. A picture of the husband may be seen at the left. He is by birth an Arab whose latest home was in a village at the f Lebanon. His father was a prominent figure in the municipal government, and his brother is now a mian of equal importance and activity in the Syrian province. The Druses maintaiq secrecy as to their peculiar tenets but it is known that they belive in one God. Their places of worship are plain buildings, located in the most secluded spots among the hills. In 84( became engaged in a fierce conflict with the Maronites and the most terrible massacres on both sides resulted. 341:0:00 S i:0:X:;ii-_:-::Q$::00000 St::i —:i-:i-:iii:i::$! ii;::0000:tLE:St;: i:0:00: —:-:':i _:; X i h:E:: t;Et i: VE~i~;Ei- ti: i:0:f:. iji:- i: f::t0 0 0:0:; i::0:ff::0:0;00;i: -:;j0::: —:-:: -:00ft:t:::: 0:0::-:X: --:;0::fffff Ci -:e,- iit00;0: 00:: -—::: --- -- ii:i:S;0s WA:::0;0::: DdAil_!-::1::X:: B:::: i:::::::t; 004000400::f::::::: f:: 1:-... -- — 1:- an idlet -:j::.. c~:is the wifeo oot;-':: —:1: of Mount::.:: -"::: niiiii~ii c ni derable:-i D: thesepeopl TURKS OF THE SYRIAN PROVINCE. The unspeakable Turk is a very promiscuous personage. Hie has spread himself over the east of Europe and is the controlling spirit in much Asia. The Turks at the Fair show by their general bearing how domineering is their character and that they consider the Ottoman Empire as the only one worth belonging to. Above two types of these people from the Syrian province. The one at the left, with the boy on his knee, is a much pleasanter looking fellow than the average. He is known as Nicolo Depps of business from Beyrout, where with his father he is largely engaged in the manufacture of upholstered furniture. For all he wears the fierce-looking scimeter and accoutres his boy ir he is a quiet and practical citizen ani is said to be a most excellent business man. The gentleman on the right is one high in authority in Beyrout. As in most of the provinces s Turkey the Turks have the means and hold all the good and paying offices, although they may be outnumblered by the natives of the country. Their rule is often severe and the tim waited for when they shall be driven back to the deserts from whence they came. In fact this is the essence of the eastern question" which has kept Europe with drawn swords for m; and has been the cause ot innumerable sanguinary wars. of Africa and are presented and is a man n like manner subordinate to e is patiently any years past 343 HINDOO JUGGLERS AND BEDOUIN WARRIORS.-The foreign folks at the Fair, at least so far as the Midway shows are concerned, came to this country to make money. Natul object in view the management of the various attractions selected the best material to be had in the different lines of amusement they intended to offer the public. It has ever been fro that the most renowned jugglers of the world have come, and it may be claimed that though other sections have furnished men of wonderful skill in that art the true masters of it have Hindostan. The Hindoo jugglers on the Midway Plaisance are assuredly leaders of their craft and the memory of their wonderful feats will long live in the minds of those who saw the difficult performances were given with a matter-of-fact air which added greatly to the attraction, and even the smiling glance which the performer cast upon his audience only intensified t made the often uttered expression Ivera clevah" seem entirely consistent. Two of these wonderful magicians are seen on the left. On the right is a pair of Bedouin warriors. The Joseph and Kalihl Nasair, the dudes of the Bedouin encampment. They apparently have an idea themselves that they are the Beau Brummels of the Midway and lose no opportu themselves on the promenade. 345 rally with this m the far east all come from m. The most he wonder and ey are Kennan nity to exhibit CHIEFS OF THE ORIENT AND OCCIDENT.-There is a vast difference between the habits and customs of an Oriental chief or grandee and the chief of an American Indian tribe. picture real characters of both classes are seen. The bold-faced arrogant looking Turk standing erect in the usual attitude of defiance contrasts strongly with the apparent tamenes figures of poor Lo. The first is Kalihl Nasair an Arab from Deir-el-Kammer in Syria. He is a grandee in his native village and conducts affairs with a high hand. This man ha fascinating face, the average scowl of his race being absent. He is well aware of his good looks and is never so pleased as when he can promenade the Midway, knowing he is the admirers. The two Indians are of the Sioux tribe. The taller one is called "Medicine Horse" and his companion "Plenty Horse." They are both chiefs of the minor order and thou show it in their appearance, they have become more civilized than many of their race. Medicine Horse, different from the average Indian, displays an apparent eagerness to talk. He is v to listen to, and the information he gives regarding his people and the prospects of their civilization becoming more general, is of much interest and value. The foreign eleme undoubtedly attract the greater part of the visitors' attention and it is a somewhat lamentable fact that the aborgines of this country are almost neglected. 347 In the above;s and squatty s a peculiarly admired of all gh they fail to,ery interesting ents at the Fair ASIATIC AND AFRICAN TYPES.-It is a matter of no little difficulty at present to define exactly what constitutes an Asiatic type. The various countries of Asia have been so over ru tribes and stragglers from ever' other country, who have become thoroughly intermingled with the natives, that there is hardly a definite trace of the originals remaining. The above grow formed of Afghans. These people are the Arabs of the Iramian stock. They are bold and straightforward and are in a state of constant warfare among kindred tribes or with the Per outside world the Afghans are only known as a collection of rude tribes. They are divided into clans and as a people number about 2,000,000. There is a vast difference in the tribes but disposition of all is for a military life while all soldiers are robbers by instinct. In religion the Afghans are Mohammedans, but unlike some others of that faith they never persecute th other religions. Christians are allowed perfect freedom in their domain and in fact many of these people have adopted the Christian belief. The man and woman in white in the aboy Christians. The other two are Mohammedans. On the right is a Soudanese man and boy. They are genuine Ethiops and are as lazy and peaceable as when the Arabs over-ran Mohammedanism has been naturalized among these people bus they stil! retain many pagan beliefs as a general rule. 349 In by nomadic ip on the left is sians. To the t the prevailing e adherents of ve picture are their country. 'Tf people with such scowling physiognomies can well be. Hsnm sAmdadh a h eoo h yugLcivr nieto h iwy hc erybogthsnc woud-elbid-unerthevegeulecunder hme, hohsefveenrieeofulielpedwihmeteradauhtrboitedtiboofHaheran tefpotsedbrdeof erfaters narri however, won her love with the picturesque result stated.ThrwaimeittrulintecmanAheanAiawldavsueedtepatyoAabawadotte: hindered by our municipal powers. The young lady on the right is not Aida. Sei el rmteSuhPcfcoen n soeo h ra etrso trcini h o Exhibit. Her name is Lola. She is a pure Samoan, but her features are European in every lineament. Lola has a magnificent physique which with jet black eyes and stately bearing her above. s handsome as ind that of his iend. Ahmed, xecution been ith Sea Island gives her the has portrayed 351 I ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I : -:, I 11, l QA~, * if, UNIVER5slT OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 00529 6127 0 is::: \::: \ A:::::f; LEE1? in Effi mmo-rr ~: 11 i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~,-i~-~-~y — I ~ ~ ~ ~ '? ~: ~;.; i.6 -*i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~