'1 b8(> J&e&, itu)~'01@ ()t t1/R e;.oe~((( 1j} be k1
(,i.',)bS  )totG (1 al.}Itc  {sol()1(
fi("1.~~~~~feie~~~~~~~~~~~~~t8~~~~. _
t    ~,atoi o k. -  ti e
CAation..
NEW YORK:
The National Temperance-Society,
NO. 58 READE STREET. 
1876.
I
BMr Mark  weg  - ob~ 
MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS.
Bacchlus Dethroned: a Prize Essay. By LI rederick Powell....................... $1
The Bases of the Temperance Eeform. By tIes. Dawson Burns................. 1
Bound Volume of Sermons.......................................................... 
Forty Years' 1 ight with thle Drink leinon.  Bv l)r. Charics,Jewett............. I
Drops of Water. 56 New.Temperance Poems. Iy Ella WVheeler...............
Four Plillars of Temperance.  By John W. Kirton..........................
'flThe l our Pillars are: lReason, Science, Scripture, and lExperience
Alcohol: Its Natui-c ai d Effects. By (iChailes A. Stoy,.............
Scripture restitmony against Inltoxicating Wine.   By  Rev. *Im. Ritchie,,f
Scotland..................................................
B13ibie tilel of Templelance; or. Total Alstinence from all Intoxicating Drinks.
l'y (corge Dueied, I).........................................................
Alcohol: Its Place and Power.  By James MAliller.  And the t se and Abuse of
Tobacco. Iy Jolin Lizais............................... 1
Delavan's (Consideration of the Temperance Argumient and His, tory   1...........
Temperance tAnecdlotes. By G. W. Bungay......................1................
rhe  ational Te.nperance Orator.  By Miss L. Penney........................... 1
The Teiiperance Speaker.  By J. N. Stearns......................................
Comnmnunion \Wine and Bible Temperance.  Ly Rev.'Vm. t. Thayer.  Paper,
-    20 cents. cloth..................................................................
Bible Wines-, or, Laws of Fermentation and    oine                 s  of the Ancients.   by
Rev. W illhan Patton, D.D. Paper, 80 cents; cloth............................
Bound Voluii, of Tracts.  Nos. 1 and 2, e a ch.............1..............
Text-Book of Temnperance.  By Dr. F. R. L         ees.................................... I
'Teniper-ance ( limes.  By William  D. Bradbury and J. N. Ste,arns. Comprising
12t pp. of Songs, Hymns, Glees, etc., set to appropriate music. Papier
cover-s, single copies 30 cents; $25 per 100. In board covers, single copies,
35 cenlts; I)er 10................................................................4
Bugle Notes for the Temperance Aimy.  By W. F. Sherwin and J. I. ~tea-ns.
1'8 pp of New and Popular Music.  Paper. cover, 30 cents single cc,py; $" f)
pet- l                0). P,oard cover,  cents; per P........................................:
Teiperanece Hymiin-tiook.  Paper, 12 cents; boards............................
ackagc of As,;o-ted Tracts. Nos. 1 aid 2. 250 pp.  Each.......................
lackage of 7' Cilarel's Tracts...................................................
Pa,cket of Prohibition Documents. 250 pp........................................
C'amupaign Teniperance Ilyin-'ook. 24 pp. Per 100........................... 
THE YOUTH'S TE.-PERANCE A, INZER.
'The l'ational Temperance Society and Publication  louse publish a beautifuli
Illus,rated Monthly Paper, especiallv adapted to children anid youth. Sunlday-Sch=
and Javenile Temperance Organizations.  Jacl  number contains several chlioi.
engravings, a piece of mnusic, and a great variety ot articles from the pens of t'
best writers for chlildren in  Aimer ica.  It should Le placed in the hands of eve.
chiill in the land.
The Congre,ss of the United States has passed a law that the postage on 
papers sent ttil,'lghl the mails afte r the 1st of January, 18i,3 nust be paid in s
vance at thla office where t'he paper is published.
Terms, Cash in Advancc, Including Postage.
Single copy,  one year,                  5       orty. t    u   ddre,..b
Eight, to one address,.  108     Fifty,.       6
Twenty,. 2 70    One Isn -.      18
THE NATIONAL TEIvIPERANCE ADVOCATE.
The National Temnperance  Society and  Publication  llouse publish a ne
Monthly Tempe  ance Paper, the obiject of whichi i3 to Iro.no'c thle interests of ttl
cause of Tenmpierance lby disseiiinuat,i liiit fromin every (liarter uponi its ieore
soci al, financial, all( seientiic b'earins.  The best talent in the landl will be s(ecure
for its editors and coitrilbutors.  Single copy, one -"ar, $1 10: 0) copies, to one a
dress, o$10; 20 copies, to one address.  aI: a    vll OV-.5' copies, at 90 c','its per cop
which includies postage. A\(tii'ss
J. N. STEARNS. Publishing Agent. 58 Radle St., New  York. 
TEMPERANCE
..... A:D  =
EDUCATION;
OR,
Gloe P,elation of the Soceal Drinking
Ctstomns to tlhe.Educational
Interests of the
Nation.
HOPKINS, D.D.
NEW YORK:
The National Temperance Society,
NO. 58 READE STREET.
I876.
BY MARK 
[The following Ipaper was kindly prepared by
Dr. Hopxr-s, by special invitation, for the openinmg of a series of parlor conferences or conversaziones, under the auspices of the National Temperaince  Society.    It was  read  by the author
oil  the evening of December  23, 1875, in the
l)arlors of the Hion. Wmr. E. DOI)GE, President
of the Society, and listened to with profound attention by a large number of guests, including
iany distinguished representatives of the professional aI(l —mercantile life of the metropolis.] 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
I  AI  desired to open  this  coin   versation by  somie remarks on
" tihe relation of the social drink
ing customs to the educational interests of the nation."
This, I suppose, I am  asked to
do fromi  my long connection with
education.   It is just fifty'years
this autumin since I first went to
Williams College as an instructor,
and, withl the exception of three
years, I have been there  since               3
co
Ca 
4     TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
thirty-six years as president. For
several years I was the oldest president in office in the country.  I
may be supposed, therefore, to
know something about education;
but about the drinking customs of
society I know very little; and to
treat a double subject of this sort
well it would seem necessary to
know both parts of it.  But I have
no statistics;  I have collected no
facts. The evils of intemperance I
have known, but how far they
have originated in social drinking
customs I have not known.
I remember well the first move. 
TEMPERANCE AND EiDUCATION.
inent in Williamstown and in the
college on the subject of temuperance. It was, I think, as early as
1832  or  1833.   There were  two
hotels in the place, both selling
liquor as a matter of course, and
three or four stores that retailed
several  hogsheads  each  annually.
No one seemed to suppose the
traffic wrong.   But  one  Sabbath
Dr.  Hewitt,  then  of  Bridgeport,
preached two tremendouLs' sermons
on the subject; and now note the
effect of a trained conscience when
it is enlightened.   The  next  day
both hotels and every store in
5 
6     TEMPER&NCE AND EDUCATION.
town stopped selling. I have never
known such an effect produced by
any discourse, or any two discourses, before or since. The effeit
of those discourses is felt in the
town to this day. A public sentiment was created that has never
died out. For a long time the
traffic was wholly suppressed, and
has never been resumed in the
stores since.
Dr. Griffin, then president of
the college, a grand man, six feet
four inches high and well proportioned, fond of a good dinner, and
accustomed to have wine with it, 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
gave up his wine at once. A society was formed in the college,
and what could be done by moral
suasion was done.  After that, attention was drawn to the evils
of drinking in the college as it
had not been before; and since
that time it has not ceased to be
watched and guarded against. At
one time the trustees passed a law
requiring every student entering
college to pledge himself not to
use intoxicating drink during termtime and on college ground.  This
law was in force for a numiber of
years, but it was found that the
7 
8     TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
consciences of  studeints-many  of
them, at least —were very elastic
in regard to a pledge which they
regarded as enforced; and the attempt  to  isolate  the  college  by
placing it under a different social
law from that of the general community was abandoned.
The fact that the college could
i-ot be  thus  isolated  shows  two
tb+ gs.   It shows the community
I)f interest that runs through all
parts of the social fabric, as through
an organized body.  This  community of interest must alwvays exist
in some degree, but it becomes 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
fuller and more vital as intelli
gence and the power of the press
and facilities of intercourse are in
creased.   The fact that we cannot
thus isolate a college  shows  also
that we cannot treat this subject of
drinking customs and their effects
in a satisfactory way if we regard
as education simply that which is
technically so called.
By education we commonly mean
t h at           process for    whic h special pro
vision    is mad       e       in teachers, and
building,s, and books, and appara
tus, and which has f      or its object to
fit young persons for their posi
..
:....'.:.....
9 
10    TEMPEPRANCE AND EDUCATION.
tions  in  life.   But  there  is  a
broader view.  Taking the term in
its  wider  sense,  it  will  include
everythlling that has exerted a forinative influence, and has caused a
iyoung person  to  be, at a given
point, what lhe is.
If we place before us a young
man,  say  of  twenty-one,  whose
education is said to be comupleted,
and  technically is so, we ask, the
coimmunity ask, respecting himn, two
questions.   One is, What  is  he.
and the other is, Whlat can lie do?
What  is lie in his character, his
principles, his disposition, his ha-.
'..'...' 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
bits,  his tendencies?  What  can
lie do?  Can he plead a cause, or
keep books, or build a bridge or
a railroad, or run one?  These two
questions we ask, and according to
qur answer  to  them  we estimate
the prospects of the young man.
If now we ask how he came to
be what he is, and  to be able to
do what he can do, we shall need
to consider  four  things.   One is
the constitution and tendencies he
inhlerited  firom  his  parents;  the
second is the family and social in
fluences by whlichl lhe was surrouLnded; the third  is formal teaching
11 
12    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
ill schools and colleges, coimmonly
called  education;  and  the fourth
is that inscrutable will-power that
belongs to every rational and accountable being, through which lhe
is able to modify or control results,
whatever the original constitution,
or social influences, or positive in
struction may have been.
Of the great influence of the first
of these-inherited constitution and
tendencies-there can be no doubt.
(God seems  to have  arranged  the
constitution of the race in a way
to  bring  the  most  powerful  influences possible to bear on those 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
who  were to perpetuato it to do
what they could to improve it, or
at least not to deteriorate it.  It
may seem hard that the iniquities
of the parents should be visited
on the children; but in no other
way could the laws of temperance
be  so  powerfully  enforced.   Let
parents see, as they must, that not
only constitutions generally puny
and feeble are inherited, but also
a tendency to consumption, a tend
ency  to  insanity,  a  tendency  to
drunkenness, and the whole power
of parental affection, as well -as of
self-interest, will work to dissuade
13 
1'4    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
them friom any form of vicious in
dulgence.    It  is  not,  yoLu  will
observe,  the  consLumption,  or  the
insanity, or the drunkenness that
is inherited,  buit the  tendtency  to
these.  That tendency may or lmtay
not be overcome.   There the wvill
powver may come in; but thle child
enters  upon life under  conditions
far  less  favorable  than  it would
othlerwise,  If intemperate parents
could blast onlv their own  lives
and have it stop  there, it  would
be  comparatively  little;  but  to
send  needless  -weakness,  and  exposure,  and  degradation  down  to 
TEMPEREANCE AND IEDUCATION.    15
successive  generations  is  fearful.
To do this for the sake of any tenl
porary pleasure is lilke the wickednes lately discovered of putting al
infernal muachine on board a steam
er tlhat would blow it up in mid
ocean for thle sake of the insurance.
Looking, then,  at our supposed
younllg mlan, we  cannot doubt the
great influence upon himn, bohl in
wvhat he is and in w-hat hle can do,
of his  inherited  constitution  and
tendencies.   But  as  these  were
originally given, and could not be
affected by us, they need not be
considered further
I 
16    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
We  pass,  then,  to the  family
social influences  under  which he
has been placed.   These have suLrroLunded. him as an atmosphere,
and, the constitution being given,
are undoubtedly the most constant,
pervasive,  efficient, and  moulding
of all external influence in causing
him to be what he is.  I hold on
to  the  distinction  between  being
and doing;  and these, I say, are
the influences most likely to have
been efficient in causing himn to be
what he is. So God intended it
should be.   For the same  reason
that he has established the law of 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATIO0N.
heredity, by vwhich the lparents becomet  responsible  for the constinuti',l of the child as it is born into
life, las lie established what'nay be
c(alled a law  of social heredity, by
w-liicli thie famnily becomes responsi
blo for what  lhe shall  be at  his
secoild birthl  into  society.   By  a
iatupral  lw which hle will not ab
rogate, God visits the iniquities of
the fatiers upon the children.  By a
si,iiar lavw, identical in principle,
lie visits the iniquLities of f~amilies
upon  society;  and  through  both
these laws he is constantly  utter
ing  to men  the  broader law an
17 
18    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
nounced by our Saviour:  "lkake
the tree good, and the fruit will
be good." Do men gather grapes
of thorns or figs of thistles   The
family is God's institution, and so
he honors and guards it.   He in
tended it should be the seed-plot
of society. Let all the families in
a community be what they should
be, and the community will be what
it should be. This is according to
the natural course of things; and
then we have the promise of God
for it: "Train up a child "-a
c7tild, observe, not a lad of a dozen
years or a miss in her teens, but 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION X.
a chil(-l" in the way he should go,
and  when he is old he will  not
depart from it." Childhood, early
childhood,  is the  formative,  the
flexible, the impressible period.  If
the mind of a child can go
through with all the processes by
which it learns a language before
it is four years old, it must also
be possible to implant in it guid
ing principles  that shall go with
it thlrough life.
The training spoken of will imply more than teaching.  It implies
a settled, definite purpose and time
given to  its accomplishment.   It
19 
20    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
implies example as well as precept.
It wvill include the set, the drift,
tihe aninus, the general  spirit, of
the famnily.  Let the spirit of the
family be one of industry, econo
my, kindness, cheerfulness,  tempe
rance, purity, liberality, and godli
niess, and the prom-iise of God  will
be made good, however minfa-vorable
the,circumLstances may be by which
they are sturrounded.  When  thbree
young men, more than three thou
send  years ago,  were cast into  a
burning  fiery  furnace, they were
not in favorable circumstances, but
they came out with no smell of fire 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
upon them. What more unfavo
rable circumstances than for a
large family of boys, with no sister
to exert any refining or restraining
influence, to be brought up in a
large  city,  surrounded  by  every
form of temptation, knowing that
their father had  wealth, and that
they were to have it; and yet I
have known a family of seven boys
brought up to manhood in that
way, and the promise not fail in
regard to one of them. The Bible
does not say that if a child is not
trained up in the way he should
go he shall never get into it.
21 
2 2    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
There are formative influences out
side the family, and there are the
will-power and the Spirit of  God
to  help;  but, as  in  the  case of
leredity, the tendencies will be in
the wrong direction.
As  I have said, one main thing
in training is the set, the drift, and
general spirit of thle faimily and of
the social elements  around  them.
Let  a young man  rightly trained
g,o  to a literary institution f-om
,s,tch a fatmily t, I have indicated,
and he will be almost sure neither
to be a promoter of disorder nor to
fall  into  intemperate habits.   In 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
all my experience  I  hacG  never
knowii an  instance, hvlere  I  was
sure  the training lad been  ri i+
ill whiclh  a yoLung  man has tiu;
fallen.   If all  young  muen  g(iing
into our literary institutions wAere
to be tlhuLs trained, the institutions
couLld not fail of being  vwhlat they
shouldcl be.  Suppose, on  the other
hand,  that  tile  imajoritv  of  the
yoLung mien go firom families, repu
table indleed, but worldly,  faslion
able,  selfislh,  self-indulgent,  ac(crta
toined to the use of wine and otlher
forms of nervous stinmtlation, hlav
ingl, perhaps, associated the use of
23 
24    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
wine withl gentility, and the exclusion of it and of drinking customs
generally with fanaticism anld nlar
rowness; and  it is as certain as
any  lawv of nature  that tlhere will
be occasional disgraceful disorder
amongii   the  young mien, and that
nuimbers will form hlabits of drinkilg that will carry them down to
drunkards' graves.  Instructors'nay
preachl,  and  exhort,  and  set tup
wvliat  barriers  tlhey  please;   the
young  men   are  fortified  against
anything tlhey can do by filial Jpicty
itself, to say nothing of  incipient
appetite and the begun work of the 
TE3IPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
deceiver.   God  never  nmeant that
families shlould sinkl down into disregard of him and disobedience of
lhis laws, and then be able to set upl,
a system of outside institutions thatslhould  make  their children what
they  ought  to  be.   Parents  are
willing to  pay  money-oh! yes;,
but the gift of God in the results
of parental faithfulness  cannot be
purchased with money.
It is precisely at thlis point that
the drinking customs of a country'
will bear upon its educational in
terests.   They  will  ensure,  to a
greater or less extent, the use of
2 Ahr 
-26    TEMPERANCE AXND EDUCATION.
intoxicating  drinkls  in  otir  lite rary institutions.   Whatev er iC ay
be said of sucel  use elsewhlere and
in othler connections, as connec,ed,
withl  education thle effect is evil.
In  aft  address, twvo  years  and
more  ago,  before   the   National
TeInperan)ce Conilvention at- Sara
toga,  which I gave, as I n-owv  do
this, at  the request of the Presi
dent of thle:National  Temperance
Society, I stated and illnstratcd. thc
followiing, points in regard  to  tlhe
yonng  generally:
1st. Thllat neither alcoholic drinlks
nor  narcotics  of  any  kind  are 
TE3IPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
needed at that period of life, either
for the upbuLilding of the system or
f)r enjoyment.
2d. That during this period these
suibstances  are especially injurious
and   dangerous -  injurious   from
their  effect upon  the physical systemi  in its formrative period;  dangerous,  first,  from  the  deceptive
character of these stimuilants, espe
cially for the iniexperienced;  and,
secondly, because it is the period
)f the ready formation of habits,
a,ind of lhabits that are also artificial appetites.  It is to the power
of habit that the fearful dominion
27 
8    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
of these substances over men is generally ascribed. It is not wholly or
even chiefly that. It is from that,
in connection with a craving artificially produced, that is really of the
nature of a disease, and which often so
becomes a disease as to require medical treatment and special asylmns.
3d. It vas observed that those
wvbo least need artificial stimulants
a,re in the most danger from them.
Nervous persons, gifted persons,
those of poetical temperament and
special promise, are more likely
than others to become the victims
of artificial stimulation. 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
So much for the young generally.
In  regard  to  those  who  devote
themselves  to  study, some  things
were mentioned as peculiar.
1st. The  life  is  sedentary, and
not in the open air.   Hence less
power to resist or counteract the
influinence of narcotics and artificial
stinmLlants.
2d. That in his proper work a
student has no use for his muscles,
buIt must so use his brain  as  to
drawv from them blood and nervous
energy. Hence the need of avoiding everything that will impair
the digestive functions or lower
29 
30    TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
the tone of muscular power, as
narcotics and artificial stimulants
are known to do.
3d. That life in our educational
institutions is social in such a way
that there is special danger through
the social nature that drinking
habits will be formed.
4th. That the effect of these substances is wholly antagonistic to
that control of the voluntary over
the involuntary powers of the mind
which  it is one  great object of
education to give.
If these propositions can be
-naintained-  and  I am  sure that
Th
I 
TEMPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
every one of them can -it must
follow that the whole influence
upon the educational interests of
the country of intoxicating drinks,
and so of the drinking customs of
society, is evil.
In closing, I desire to say that
I agree with Dr. Edinmutnds, of
London, in saying,  as he recently
did  in  his excellent addresses in
this city, that whatever is physio
logically  right  is  morally  right.
That doctrine I have always held.
In the addresses at Saratoga already referred to, I went so far
as to say that if stimulation  by
*..   * e  ee
31 
32    TE,MPERANCE AND EDUCATION.
alcohol, or  tolbacco, or  opium, or
arsenic vwould ena,ble 11s to  reach
the highliest state of balanced lpowver,
phlkysic~al,  intellectua'l, 1nora'lt, spiri:
tual,  then  wye  are  not  onil v  at
liberty to use thliose substances  but
are bound  to do it.   This I say.
But  I  go  further, and  say  that
whatever  is plhysiologically wIrong
is  niorally wrong.       CWe have  no
rilght to  do  ourselves hlarm.   No
mIan has a right to make his body
:ii instrumient of pleasuLre in such
a wavy as to lowver its tone or deranuge its funcetions, or in anv way
unfit  it for  those  higher uses to
-.,,,..j 
TEM[PERANCE AND EDUCATION.
which  it may  be put in the ser
vice  of  the  rational  spirit.   Let
men  so use their bodies as best to
serve the interests of their higher
powers, and I am content.
33