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PAUSANIAS THE SPARTAN.
A2n Unfinizb8e   %isitorical lRomance.
BY
THE  LATE  LORD  LYTTON.
(EDITED BY HIS SON.)
NEW  YORK:
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS,
FRANKLIN SQUARE.
1876.








kbirkation.
TO
THE REV. BENJAMIN HALL KENNEDY, D.D.,
CANON OF ELY, AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN THE UNIVERSITY
OF CAMBRIDGE.
MY DEAR DR. KENNEDY,-Revised by your helpful hand, and
corrected by your accurate scholarship, to whom may these pages
be so fitly inscribed as to that one of their author's earliest and
most honored friends,* whose generous assistance has enabled me
to place them before the public in their present form?
It is fully fifteen, if not twenty, years since my father commenced the composition of an historical romance on the subject
of Pausanias, the Spartan Regent.  Circumstances, which need
not here be recorded, compelled him to lay aside the work thus
begun. But the subject continued to haunt his imagination and
occupy his thoughts. He detected in it singular opportunities
for effective exercise of the gifts most peculiar to his genius;
and repeatedly, in the intervals of other literary labor, he returned
to the task which, though again and again interrupted, was never
abandoned. To that rare combination of the imaginative and
practical faculties which characterized my father's intellect, and
received from his life such varied illustration, the story of " Pausanias," indeed, briefly as it is told by Thucydides and Plutarch,
addressed itself with singular force. The vast consp:acy of the
Spartan Regent, had it been successful, would have changed the
* The late Lord Lytton, in his unpublished autobiographical memoirs,
describing his contemporaries at Cambridge, speaks of Dr. Kennedy as "a
young giant of learning."-L.




6                      DEDICATION.
whole course of Grecian history.  To any student of political
phenomena, but more especially to one who, during the greater
part of his life, had been personally engaged in active politics,
the story of such a conspirady could not fail to be attractive.
To the student of human nature the character of Pausanias himself offers sources of the deepest interest; and, in the strange
career and tragic fate of the great conspirator, an imagination
fascinated by the supernatural must have recognized remarkable
elements of awe and terror. A few months previous to his
death, I asked my father whether he had abandoned all intention of finishing his romance of "Pausanias."  He replied, "On
the contrary, I am finishing it now," and entered, with great animation, into a discussion of the subject and its capabilities. This
reply to my inquiry surprised and impressed me; for, as you are
aware, my father was then engaged in the simultaneous composition of two other and very different works, " Kenelm Chillingly"
and the "Parisians." It was the last time he ever spoke to me
about "Pausanias;" but from what he then said of it I derived
an impression that the book was all but completed, and needing
only a few finishing touches to be ready for publication at no
distant date.
This impression was confirmed, subsequent to my father's
death, by a letter of instructions hbout his posthumous papers
which accompanied his will. In that letter, dated 1856, special
allusion is made to "Pausanias" as a work already far advanced
toward its conclusion.
You, to whom, in your kind and careful revision of it, this unfinished work has suggested many questions which, alas! I can
not answer, as to the probable conduct and fate of its fictitious
characters, will readily understand my reluctance to surrender an
impression seemingly so well justified. I did not, indeed, cease
to cherish it until reiterated and exhaustive search had failed to
recover from the "wallet" wherein Time "puts alms for oblivion" more than those few imperfect fragments which, by your
valued help, are here arranged in such order as to carry on the
narrative of " Pausanias," with no solution of continuity, to the
middle of the second volume.




DEDICATION.                      7
There the manuscript breaks off. Was it ever continued further? I know not. Many circumstances induce me to believe
that the conception had long been carefully completed in the
mind of its author; but he has left behind him only a very
meagre and imperfect indication of the course which, beyond the
point where it is broken, his narrative was intended to follow.
In presence of this fact, I have had to choose between the total
suppression of the fragment, and the publication of it in its present form. My choice has not been made without hesitation;
but I trust that, from many points of view, the following pages
will be found to justify it.
Judiciously (as I can not but think) for the purposes of his
fiction, my father has taken up the story of "Pausanias" at a
period subsequent to the battle of Platea; when the Spartan
Regent, as Admiral of the United Greek Fleet in the waters of
Byzantium, was at the summit of his power and reputation. Mr.
Grote, in his great work, expresses the opinion (which certainly
can not be disputed by unbiased readers of Thucydides) that the
victory of Plataea was not attributable to any remarkable abilities on the. part of Pausanias. But Mr. Grote fairly recognizes as
quite exceptional the fame and authority accorded to Pausanias,
after the battle, by all the Hellenic States, the influence which
his name commanded, and the awe which his character inspired.
Not to the mere fact of his birth as a Heracleid, not to the lucky
accident (if such it were) of his success at Plat.ea, and certainly
not to his undisputed (but surely by no means uncommon) physical courage, is it possible to attribute the peculiar position which
this remarkable man so long occupied in the estimation of his
contemporaries. For the little that we know about Pausanias we
are mainly dependent upon Athenian writers, who must have
been strongly prejudiced against him. Mr. Grote, adopting (as
any modern historian needs must do) the narrative so handed
down to him, never once pauses to question its estimate of the
character of a man who was at one time the glory, and at another the terror, of all Greece. Yet in comparing the summary
proceedings taken against Leotychides with the extreme, and
seemingly pusillanimous, deference paid to Pausanias by the Eph



8                       DEDICATION.
ors long after they possessed the most alarming proofs of his
treason, Mr. Grote observes, without attempting to account for
the fact, that Pausanias, though only Regent, was far more powerful than any Spartan King. Why so powerful?  Obviously,
because he possessed uncommon force of character; a force of
character strikingly attested by every known incident of his career; and which, when concentrated upon the conception and execution of vast designs (even if those designs be criminal), must
be recognized as the special attribute of genius. Thucydides,
Plutarch, Diodorus, Grote, all these writers ascribe solely to the
administrative incapacity of Pausanias that offensive arrogance
which characterized his command at Byzantium, and apparently
cost Sparta the loss of her maritime hegemony. But here is precisely one of those problems in public policy and personal conduct which the historian bequeaths to the imaginative writer, and
which needs, for its solution, a profound knowledge rather of human nature than of books. For, dealing with su.ch a problem,
my father, in addition to the intuitive penetration of character
and motive which is common to every great romance-writer, certainly possessed two qualifications special to himself: the habit
of dealing practically with political questions, and experience in
the active management of men. His explanation of the policy
of Pausanias at Byzantium, if it be not (as I think it is) the
right one, is at least the only one yet offered. I venture to
think that, historically, it merits attention; as, from the imaginative point of view, it is undoubtedly felicitous. By elevating
our estimate of Pausanias as a statesman, it increases our interest in him as a man.
The author of "Pausanias" does not merely tell us that his
hero, when in conference with the Spartan commissioners, displayed " great natural powers which, rightly trained, might have
made him not less renowned in council than in war," but he
gives us, though briefly, the arguments used by Pausanias. He
presents to us the image, always interesting, of a man who grasps
firmly the clear conception of a definite but difficult policy, for
success in which he is dependent on the conscious or involuntary
co-operation of men impenetrable to that conception, and pos



DEDICATION.                       9
sessed of a collective authority even greater than his own. To
retain Sparta temporarily at the head of Greece was an ambition
quite consistent with the more criminal designs of Pausanias;
and his whole conduct at Byzantium is rendered more intelligible than it appears in history, when he points out that "for Sparta to maintain her ascendency two things are needful: first, to
continue the war by land; secondly, to disgust the Ionians with
their sojourn at Byzantium, to send them with their ships back
to their own havens, and. so leave Hellas under the sole guardianship of the Spartans and their Peloponnesian allies." And who
has not learned, in a later school, the wisdom of the Spartan
commissioners? Do not their utterances sound familiar to us?
"Increase of dominion is waste of life and treasure.  Sparta is
content to hold her own. What care we who leads the Greeks
into blows? The fewer blows, the better. Brave men fight- if
they must: wise men never fight if they can help it." Of this
scene and some others in the first volume of the present fragment
(notably the scene in which the Regent confronts the allied chiefs,
and defends himself against the charge of connivance at the escape of the Persian prisoners), I should have been tempted to say
that they could not have been written without personal experience of political life, if the interview between Wallenstein and the
Swedish embassadors in Schiller's great trilogy did not recur to
my recollection as I write. The language of the embassadors in
that interview is a perfect manual of practical diplomacy; and
yet in practical diplomacy Schiller had no personal experience.
There are, indeed, no limits to the creative power of genius. But
it is perhaps the practical politician who will be most interested
by the chapters in which Pausanias explains his policy, or defends
his position.
In publishing a romance which its author has left unfinished, I
may perhaps be allowed to indicate briefly what I believe to have
been the general scope of its design, and the probable progress of
its narrative.
The " domestic interest" of that narrative is supplied by the
story of Cleonice: a story which, briefly told by Plutarch, suggests one of the most tragic situations it is possible to conceive.
1*




10                      DEDICATION.
The pathos and terror of this dark, weird episode in a life which
history herself invests with all the character of romance, long
haunted the imagination of Byron, and elicited from Goethe one
of the most whimsical illustrations of the astonishing absurdity
into which criticism sometimes tumbles, when it "o'erleaps itself
and falls o' tle other."
Writing of Manfred and its author, he says: "There are, properly speaking, two females whose phantoms forever haunt him;
and which, in this piece also, perform principal parts. One under the name of Astarte, the other without form or actual presence, and merely a voice. Of the horrid occurrence which took
place with the former, the following is related: When a bold and
enterprising young man, he won the affections of a Florentine
lady. Her husband discovered the amour, and murdered his wife.
But the murderer was the same night found dead in the street,
and there was no one to whom any suspicion could be attached.
Lord Byron removed from Florence, and these spirits haunted him
all his life after. This romantic incident is rendered highly probable by innumerable allusions to it in his poems; as, for instance,
when turning his sad contemplations inward, he applies to himself the fatal history of the King of Sparta. It is as follows:
Pausanias, a Lacedoemonian general, acquires glory by the important victory at Platea; but afterward forfeits the confidence of
his countrymen by his arrogance, obstinacy, and secret intrigues
with the common enemy. This man draws upon himself the
heavy guilt of innocent blood, which attends him to his end; for,
while commanding the fleet of the allied Greeks in the Black
Sea, he is inflamed with a violent passion for a Byzantine maiden.
After long resistance, he at length obtains her from her parents,
and she is to be delivered up to him at night. She modestly
desires the servant to put out the lamp, and, while groping her
way in the dark, she overturns it. Pausanias is awakened from
his sleep: apprehensive of an attack from murderers, he seizes
his sword and destroys his mistress.  The horrid sight never
leaves him. Her shade pursues him unceasingly; and in vain
he implores aid of the gods and the exorcising priests. That
poet must have a lacerated heart who selects such a scene from




DEDICATION.                       11
antiquity, appropriates it to himself, and burdens his tragic image
with it."*
It is extremely characteristic of Byron that, instead of resenting this charge of murder, he was so pleased by the criticism
in which it occurs that he afterward dedicated "The Deformed
Transformed" to Goethe.  Mr. Grote repeats the story above alluded to, with all the sanction of his grave authority, and even
mentions the name of the young lady; apparently for the sake
of adding a few black strokes to his character of Pausanias.
But the supernatural part of the legend was, of course, beneath
the notice of a nineteenth-century critic; and he passes it by.
This part of the story is, however, essential to the psychological
interest of it. For whether it be that Pausanias supposed himself, or that. contemporary gossips supposed him, to be haunted
by the phantom of the woman he had loved and slain, the fact
in either case affords a lurid glimpse into the inner life of the
man; just as, although Goethe's murder-story about Byron is
ludicrously untrue, yet the fact that such a story was circulated,
and could be seriously repeated by such a man as Goethe without being resented by Byron himself, offers significant illustration, both of what Byron was, and of what he appeared to his
contemporaries. Grote also assigns the death of Cleonice to
that period in the life of Pausanias when he was in the command
of the allies at Byzantium, and refers to it as one of the numerous outrages whereby Pausanias abused and disgraced the authority confided to him. Plutarch, however, who tells the story
in greater detail, distinctly fixes the date of its catastrophe subsequent to the return of the Regent to Byzantium, as a solitary
volunteer, in the trireme of Hermione. The following is his account of the affair:
" It is related that Pausanias, when at Byzantium, sought, with
criminal purpose, the love of a young lady of good family, named
Cleonice. The parents, yielding to fear or necessity, suffered
him to carry away their daughter. Before entering his chamber,
she requested that the light might be extinguished, and, in dark* Moore's " Life and Letters of Lord Byron," p. 723.




12                      DEDICATION.
ness and silence, she approached the couch of Pausanias, who
was already asleep. In so doing, she accidentally upset the lamp.
Pausanias, suddenly aroused from slumber, and supposing that
some enemy was about to assassinate him, seized his sword,
which lay by his bedside, and with it struck the maiden to the
ground. She died of her wound; and from that moment repose
was banished from the life of Pausanias. A spectre appeared to
him every night in his sleep, and repeated to him, in reproachful tones, this hexameter verse:
"' Whither I wait thee, march, and receive the doom thou deservest:
Sooner or later, but ever, to man crime bringeth disaster.'
The allies, scandalized by this misdeed, concerted with Cimon,
and besieged Pausanias in Byzantium; but he succeeded in escaping.. Continually troubled by the phantom, he took refuge,
it is said, at Heraclea, in that temple where the souls of the
dead are evoked. He appealed to Cleonice, and conjured her
to mitigate his torment. She appeared to him, and told him
that on his return to Sparta he would attain the end of his sufferings; indicating, as it would seem, by these enigmatic words,
the death which there awaited him. This" (adds Plutarch) "is
a story told by most of the historians.".*
I feel, no doubt, that this version of the story, or at least the
general outline of it, would have been followed by the romance,
had my father lived to complete it. Some modification of its details would doubtless have been necessary for the purposes of fiction. But that the Cleonice of the novel is destined to die by
the hand of her lover is clearly indicated. To-,me it seems that
considerable skill and judgment are shown in the pains taken, at
the very opening of the book, to prepare the mind of the reader
for an incident which would have been intolerably painful, and
must have prematurely ended the whole narrative interest, had
the character of Cleonice been drawn otherwise than as we find it
in this first portion of the book. From the outset she appears
before us under the shadow of a tragic fatality. Of that fatality
* Plutarch, "Life of Cimon."




DEDIOATION.                       13
she is herself intuitively conscious, and with it her whole being
is in harmony. No sooner do we recognize her real character
than we perceive that, for such a character, there can be no fit or
satisfactory issue from the difficulties of her position, in any conceivable combination of earthly circumstances. But she is not of
the earth, earthly. Her thoughts already habitually hover on the
dim frontier of some vague spiritual region in which her love
seeks refuge from the hopeless realities of her life; and, recognizing this betimes, we are prepared to see above the hand of
her ill-fated lover, when it strikes her down in the dark, the
merciful and releasing hand of her natural destiny.
But, assuming the author to have adopted Plutarch's chronology, and deferred the death of Cleonice till the return of Pausanias to Byzantium  (the latest date to which he could possibly
have deferred it), this catastrophe must still have occurred somewhere in the course, or at the close, of his second volume. There
would, in that case, have still remained about nine years (and
those the most eventful) of his hero's career to be narrated.
The premature removal of the heroine from the narrative, so
early in the course of it, would therefore, at first sight, appear to
be a serious defect in the conception of this romance. Here it
is, however, that the credulous gossip of the old biographer
comes to the rescue of the modern artist. I apprehend that the
Cleonice of the novel would, after her death, have been still sensibly present to the reader's imagination throughout the rest of
the romance. She would then have moved through it like a
fate, re-appearing in the most solemn moments of the story, and
at all times apparent, even when unseen, in her visible influence
upon the fierce and passionate character, the sombre and turbulent career, of her guilty lover. In short, we may fairly suppose
that, in all the closing scenes of the tragedy, Cleonice would
have still figured and acted as one of those supernatural agencies which my father, following the example of his great predecessor, Scott, did not scruple to introduce into the composition of
historical romance.*
* "Harold."




14                         DEDICATION.
Without the explanation here suggested, those metaphysical
conversations between Cleonice, Aleman, and Pausanias, which occupy the opening chapters of Book II., might be deemed superfluous. But, in fact, they are essential to the preparation of the
catastrophe; and that catastrophe, if reached, would undoubtedly
have revealed to any reflective reader their important connection
wfth the narrative which they now appear to retard somewhat
unduly.
Quite apart from the unfinished manuscript of this story of
Pausanias, and in another portion of my father's papers which
have no reference to this story, I have discovered the following,
undated, memorandum of the destined contents of the second
and third volumes of the work.
PAUSANIAS.
VOL. II.
Lysander-Sparta-Ephors-Decision to recall Pausanias. 60.
Pausanias with Pharnabazes-On the point of success-Xerxes' daughter-Interview with Cleonice —Recalled. 60.
Sparta-Alcman withhis family. 60.
Cleonice-Antagoras-Yields to suit of marriage. 60.
Pausanias suddenly re-appears, as a volunteer-Scenes. 60.
VOL. III.
Pausanias removes Cleonice, etc.-Conspiracy against him-Up to Cleonice's death. 100.
His expulsion from Byzantium —His despair-His journey into ThraceScythians, etc.?
Heraclea-Ghost. 60.
His return-to Colonre.?
Antagoras resolved on revenge-Communicates with Sparta.?
The * * *-Conference with Alcman-Pausanias depends on Helots, and
money. 40.
His return-to death. 120.




DEDICATION.                      15
This is the only indication I can find of the intended conclusion of the story. Meagre though it be, however, it sufficiently
suggests the manner in which the author of the romance intended to deal with the circumstances of Cleonice's death as related
by Plutarch. With her forcible removal by Pausanias, or her
willing flight with him from the house of her father, it would
probably have been difficult to reconcile the general sentiment of
the romance, in connection with any circumstances less conceivable than those which are indicated in the memorandum. But, in
such circumstances, the step taken by Pausanias might have had
no worse motive than the rescue of the woman who loved him
from forced union with another; and Cleonice's assent to that
step might have been quite compatible with the purity and heroism of her character. In this manner, moreover, a strong motive
is prepared for that sentiment of revenge on the part of Antagoras whereby the dramatic interest of the story might be greatly
heightened in the subsequent chapters. The intended introduction of the supernatural element is also clearly indicated. But,
apart from this, fine opportunities for psychological analysis
would doubtless have occurred in tracing the gradual deterioration of such a character as that of Pausanias when, deprived of
the guardian influence of a hope passionate, but not impure, its
craving for fierce excitement must have been stimulated by remorseful memories and impotent despairs. Indeed, the imperfect manuscript now printed contains only the exposition of a
tragedy. All the most striking effects, all the strongest dramatic situations, have been reserved for the pages of the manuscript
which, alas! are either lost or unwritten.
Who can doubt, for instance, how effectually, in the closing
scenes of this tragedy, the grim image of Alithea might have assumed the place assigned to it by history? All that we now see
is the preparation made for its effective presentation in the foreground of such later scenes, by the chapter in the second volume
describing the meeting between Lysander and the stern mother
of his Spartan chief. In Lysander himself, moreover, we have
the germ of a singularly dramatic situation. How would Lysander act in the final struggle which his character and fate are




16                     DEDICATION.
already preparing for him, between patriotism and friendship, his
fidelity to Pausanias, and his devotion to Sparta? Is Lysander's
father intended for that Ephor who, in the last moment, made
the sign that warned Pausanias to take refuge in the temple
which became his living tomb? Probably. Would Themistocles, who was so seriously compromised in the conspiracy of Pausanias, have appeared and played a part in those scenes on which
the curtain must remain unlifted? Possibly. Is Alcman the
Helot who revealed to the Ephors the gigantic plots of his master just when those plots were on the eve of execution a There
is much in the relations between Pausanias and the Mothon, as
they are described in the opening chapters of the romance, which
favors, and indeed renders almost irresistible, such a supposition.
But then, on the other hand, what genius on the part of the author could reconcile us to the perpetration by his hero of a crime
so mean, so cowardly, as that personal perfidy to which history
astribes the revelation. of the Regent's far more excusable treasons, and their terrible punishment?
These questions must remain unanswered. The magician can
wave his wand no more. The circle is broken, the spells are scattered, the secret lost. The images which he evoked, and which
he alone could animate, remain before us incomplete, semi-articulate, unable to satisfy the curiosity they inspire. A group of
fragments, in many places broken, you have helped me to restore. With what reverent and kindly care, with what disciplined judgment and felicitous suggestion, you have accomplished the difficult task so generously undertaken, let me here most
gratefully attest. Beneath the sculptor's name allow me to inscribe upon the pedestal your own, and accept this sincere assurance of the inherited esteem and personal regard with which I
am, my dear Dr. Kennedy,
Your obliged and faithful
LYTTON.
CINTRA, July 5th, 1875.




BOOK I.








PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER I.
ON one of the quays which bordered the unrivaled harbor of
Byzantium, more than twenty-three centuries before the date at
which this narrative is begun, stood two Athenians. In the waters of the haven rode the vessels of the Grecian fleet. So deep
was the basin, in which the tides are scarcely felt,* that the prows
of some of the ships touched the quays, and the setting sun glittered upon the smooth and waxen surfaces of the prows, rich with
diversified colors and wrought gilding. To the extreme right of
the fleet, and nearly opposite the place upon which the Athenians
stood, was a vessel still more profusely ornamented than the rest.
On the prow were elaborately carved the heads of the twin deities
of the Laconian mariner, Castor and Pollux; in the centre of the
deck was a wooden edifice or pavilion, having a gilded roof and
shaded by purple awnings, an imitation of the luxurious galleys
of the Barbarian; while the parasemon, or flag, as it idly waved
in the faint breeze of the gentle evening, exhibited the terrible
serpent, which, if it was the fabulous type of demi-gods and heroes, might also be regarded as an emblem of the wily but stern
policy of the Spartan State. Such was the galley of the commander of the armament, which (after the reduction of Cyprus)
had but lately wrested from the yoke of Persia that link between
her European and Asiatic domains, that key of the Bosporus"the Golden Horn " of Byzantine.t
* Gibbon, ch. 17.
t "The harbor of Constantinople, which may be considered as an




20                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
High above all other Greeks (Themistocles alone excepted)
soared the fame of that renowned chief, Pausanias, Regent of
Sparta, and General of the allied troops at the victorious battlefield of Platsea. The spot on which the Athenians stood was
lonely, and now unoccupied, save by themselves and the sentries
stationed at some distance on either hand. The larger proportion of the crews in the various vessels were on shore; but on
the decks idly reclined small groups of sailors, and the murmur
of their voices stole, indistinguishably blended, upon the translucent air. Behind rose, one above the other, the Seven Hills, on
which long afterward the Emperor Constantine built a second
Rome; and over these heights, even then, buildings were scattered of various forms and dates; here the pillared temples of the
Greek colonists, to whom Byzantium owed its origin, there the
light roofs and painted domes which the Eastern conquerors had
introduced.
One of the Athenians was a man in the meridian of manhood,
of a calm, sedate, but somewhat haughty aspect; the other was in
the full bloom of youth, of lofty stature, and with a certain rnajesty of bearing; down his shoulders flowed a profusion of long
curled hair,* divided in the centre of the forehead, and connected with golden clasps, in which was wrought the emblem of the
Athenian nobles-the Grasshopper-a fashion not yet obsolete,
as it had become in the days of Thucydides. Still, to an observer, there was something heavy in the ordinary expression of
the handsome countenance. His dress differed from the earlier
fashion of the Ionians; it dispensed with those loose linen garments which had something of effeminacy in their folds, and was
confined to the simple and statue-like grace that characterized
the Dorian garb. Yet the clasp that fastened the chlamys
upon the right shoulder, leaving the arm free, was of pure gold
arm of the Bosporus, obtained in a very remote period the denomination of the Golden Horn.- The curve which it describes might be
compared to the horn of a stag, or, as it should seem, with more propriety, to that of an ox."-Gib., ch. 17; Strab., 1. x.
* Ion apud Plut.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                21
and exquisite workmanship, and the materials of the simple
vesture were of a quality that betokened wealth and rank in the
wearer.
"Yes, Cimon," said the elder of the Athenians, "yonder galley
itself affords sufficient testimony of the change that has come
over the haughty Spartan. It is difficult, indeed, to recognize in
this luxurious satrap, who affects the dress, the manners, the very
insolence of the Barbarian, that Pausanias who, after the glorious
day of Platiea, ordered the slaves to prepare in the tent of Mardonius such a banquet as would have been served to the Persian,
while his own Spartan broth and bread were set beside it, in order that he might utter to the chiefs of Greece that noble pleasantry,'Behold the folly of the Persians, who forsook such splendor to plunder such poverty.' "*
"Shame upon his degeneracy, and thrice shame!" said the
young Cimon, sternly.  "I love the Spartans so well, that I blush
for whatever degrades them. And all Sparta is dwarfed by the
effeminacy of her chief."
"Softly, Cimon," said Aristides, with a sober smile.  "Whatever surprise we may feel at the'corruption of Pausanias, he is
not one who will allow us to feel contempt. Through all the
voluptuous softness acquired by intercourse with these Barbarians, the strong nature of the descendant of the demi-god still
breaks forth. Even at the distaff I recognize Alcides, whether
for evil or for good. Pausanias is one on whom our most anxious gaze must be duly bent. But in this change of his I rejoice; the gods are at work for Athens. See you not that, day
after day, while Pausanias disgusts the allies with the Spartans
themselves, he throws them more and more into the arms of
Athens? Let his madness go on, and ere long the violet-crowned
city will become the queen of the seas."
"Such was my own hope," said Cimon, his face assuming a
new expression, brightened with all the intelligence of ambition
and pride; " but I did not dare own it to myself till you spoke.
Several officers of tonia and the Isles have already openly and
* Herod., ix. 82.




22               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTA;.
loidly proclaimed to me their wish to exchange the Spartan ascendency for the Athenian."
"And with all your love for Sparta," said Aristides, looking
steadfastly and searchingly at his comrade; "you would not,
then, hesitate to rob her of a glory which you might bestow on
your own Athens?"
"Ah, am I not Athenian?" answered Cimon, with a deep passion in his voice. "Though my great father perished a victim
to the injustice of a faction-though he who had saved Athens
from the Mede died in the Athenian dungeon-still, fatherless, I
see in Athens but a mother; and if her voice sounded harshly in
my boyish years, in manhood I have feasted on her smiles. Yes,
I honor Sparta, but I love Athens. You have my answer."
" You speak well," said Aristides, with warmth; " you are worthy of the destinies for which I foresee that the son of Miltiades is reserved. Be wary, be cautious; above all, be smooth, and
blend with men of every state and grade. I would wish that the
allies themselves should draw the contrast between the insolence
of the Spartan chief and the courtesy of the Athenians. What
said you to the Ionian officers?"
" I said that Athens held there was no difference between to
command and to obey, except so far as was best for the interests
of Greece; that, as on the field of Platsea, when the Tegeans asserted precedence over the Athenians, we, the Athenian army, at
once exclaimed, through your voice, Aristides,'We come here to
fight the Barbarian, not to dispute among ourselves; place us
where you will'*- even so now, while the allies give the command to Sparta, Sparta we will obey. But if we were thought
by the Grecian States the fittest leaders, our answer would be the
same that we gave at Platsea,'Not we, but Greece be consulted:
place us where you will!'"
"O wise Cimon!" exclaimed Aristides, "I have no caution to
bestow on you. You do by intuition that which I attempt by
experience. But hark! What music sounds in the distance?
The airs that Lydia borrowed from the East?"
* Plut., in Vit. Arist.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                23
"And for which," said Cimon, sarcastically, " Pausanias hath
abandoned the Dorian flute."
Softy airy, and voluptuous were indeed the sounds which now,
from the streets leading upward from the quay, floated along
the delicious air. The sailors rose, listening and eager, from the
decks; there was once more bustle, life, and animation on board
the fleet. From several of the vessels the trumpets woke a sonorous signal-note. In a few minutes the quays, before so deserted, swarmed with the Grecian mariners, who emerged hastily,
whether from various houses in the haven, or from the encampment which stretched along it, and hurried to their respective
ships. On board the galley of Pausanias there was more especial animation; not only mariners, but slaves, evidently from the
Eastern markets, were seen jostling each other, and heard talking, quick and loud, in foreign tongues. Rich carpets were unfurled and laid across the deck, while trembling and hasty hands
smoothed into yet more graceful folds the curtains that shaded
the gay pavilion in the centre. The Athenians looked on, the
one with thoughtful composure, the other with a bitter smile,
while these preparations announced the unexpected, and not undireaded, approach of the great Pausanias.
"IIHo, noble Cimon!" cried a young man who, hurrying toward
one of the vessels, caught sight of the Athenians and paused.
"You are the very person whom I most desired to see. Aristides toQ!-we are fortunate."
The speaker was a young man of slighter make and lower
stature than the Atheniians, but well shaped, and with features
the partial effeminacy of which was elevated by an expression of
great vivacity and intelligence. The steed trained for Elis never
bore in its proportions the evidence of blood and rare breeding
more visibly than the dark brilliant eye of this young man; his
broad, low, transparent brow, expanded nostril, and sensitive lip
revealed the passionate and somewhat arrogant character of the
vivacious Greek of the zEgean Isles.
"Antagoras," replied Cimon, laying his hand with frank and
somewhat blunt cordiality on the Greek's shoulder, "like the




24               PAUSANIASB THE SPARTAN.
grape of your own Chios, you can not fail to be welcome at all
times. But why would you seek us now a"
"Because I will no longer endure the insolence of this rude
Spartan. Will you believe it, Cimon-will you believe it, Aristides?  Pausanias has actually dared to sentence to blows, to
stripes, one of my own men- a free Chian - nay, a Decadarchus.* I have but this instant heard it. And the offense
-gods! the offense!-was that he ventured to contest with
a Laconian, an underling in the Spartan army, which one of
the two had the fair right to a wine-cask! Shall this be borne,
Cimon.?"
" Stripes to a Greek!" said Cimon, and the color mounted to
his brow. "Thinks Pausanias that the Ionian race are already
his Helots?"
"Be calm," sail Aristides; " Pausanias approaches. I will accost hih."
"But listen still!" exclaimed Antagoras, eagerly, plucking the
gown of the Athenian, as the latter turned away. " When Pausanias heard of the contest between my soldier and his Laconian,
what said he, think you?'Prior claim; learn henceforth that,
where the Spartans are to be found, the Spartans in all matters
have the prior claim.'"
" We will see to it," returned Aristides, calmly; " but keep by
my side."
And now the music sounded loud and near, and suddenly, as
the procession approached, the character of that music altered.
The Lydian measures ceased, those who had attuned them gave
way to musicians of loftier aspect and simpler garb; in whom
might be recognized, not indeed the genuine Spartans, but their
free, if subordinate, countrymen of Laconia; and a minstrel, who
walked beside them, broke out into a song, partially adapted from
the bold and lively.strain of Alcoeus, the first two lines in each
stanza ringing much to that chime, the two latter reduced into
briefer compass, as, with allowance for the differing laws of national rhythm, we thus seek to render the verse:
* Leader of ten men.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                25
SONG.
Multitudes, backward! Way for the Dorian!
Way for the Lord of rocky Laconia!
Heaven to Hercules opened
Way on the earth for his son.
Steel and fate, blunted, break on his fortitude;
Two evils only never endureth heDeath by a wound in retreating,
Life with a blot on his name.
Rocky his birthplace; rocks are immutable;
So are his laws, and so shall his glory be.
Time is the Victor of Nations,
Sparta the Victor of Time.
Watch o'er him heedful on the wide ocean,
Brothers of Helen, luminous guiding stars;
Dangerous to Truth are the fickle,
Dangerous to Sparta the seas.
Multitudes, backward! Way for the Conqueror!
Way for the footstep half the world fled before;
Nothing that Phoebus can shine on
Needs so much space as Renown.
Behind the musicians came ten Spartans, selected from the
celebrated three hundred who claimed the right to be stationed
around the king in battle.  Tall, stalwart, sheathed in armor,
their shields slung at their backs, their crests of plumage or
horse-hair waving over their strong and stern features, these
hardy warriors betrayed to the keen eye of Aristides their sullen
discontent at the part assigned to them in the luxurious procession; their brows were knit, their lips contracted, and each of
them who caught the glance of the Athenians turned his eyes, as
half in shame, half in anger, to the ground.
Coming now upon the quay, opposite to the galley of Pausanias, from which was suspended a ladder of silken cords, the procession halted, and, opening on either side, left space in the midst
for the commander.
2




26                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
" He comes," whispered Antagoras to Cimon.  "By Hercules!
I pray you survey him well. Is it the conqueror of Mardonius, or
the ghost of Mardonius himself?"
The question of the Chian seemed not extravagant to the blunt
son of Miltiades, as his eyes now rested on Pausanias.
The pure Spartan race boasted, perhaps, the most superb models of masculine beauty which the land blessed by Apollo could
afford.  The laws that regulated marriage insured a healthful
and vigorous progeny. Gymnastic discipline from early boyhood
gave ease to the limbs, iron to the muscle, grace to the whole
frame. Every Spartan, being born to command, being noble by
his birth, lord of the Laconians, Master of the Helots, superior in
the eyes of Greece to all other Greeks, was at once a Republican
and an Aristocrat. Schooled in the arts that compose the presence, and give calmness and majesty to the bearing, he combined
with the mere physical advantages of activity and strength a conscious and yet natural dignity of mien. Amidst the Greeks assembled at the Olympian contests, others showed richer garments,
more sumptuous chariots, rarer steeds; but no state could vie with
Sparta in the thews and sinews, the aspect and the majesty, of the
men. Nor were the royal race, the descendants of Hercules, in
external appearance unworthy of their countrymen and of their
fabled origin.
Sculptor and painter would have vainly tasked their imaginative minds to invent a nobler ideal for the effigies of a hero than
that which the Victor of Plateea offered to their inspiration. As
he now paused amidst the group, he towered high above them all,
even above Cimon himself. But in his stature there was fiothing
of the cumbrous bulk and stolid heaviness which often destroy
the beauty of vast strength. Severe and early training, long habits of rigid abstemiousness, the toils of war, and, more than all,
perhaps, the constant play of a restless, anxious, aspiring temper,
had left, undisfigured by superfluous flesh, the grand proportions
of a frame, the very spareness of which had at once the strength
and the beauty of one of those hardy victors in the wrestling or
boxing match, whose agility and force are modeled by discipline
to the purest forms of grace. Without that exact and chiseled




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                27
harmony of countenance which characterized perhaps the Ionic
rather than the Doric race, the features of the royal Spartan were
noble and commanding.  His complexion was sunburned, almost to Oriental swarthiness, and the raven's plume had no darker
gloss than that of his long hair, which (contrary to the Spartan
custom), flowing on either side, mingled with the closer curls of
the beard. To a scrutinizing gaze, the more dignified and prepossessing effect of this exterior would perhaps have been counterbalanced by an eye, bright indeed and penetrating, but restless
and suspicious, by a certain ineffable mixture of arrogant pride
and profound melancholy in the general expression of the countenance, ill according with that frank and serene aspect which
best becomes the face of one who would lead mankind. About
him altogether —the countenance, the form, the bearing-there
was that which woke a vague, profound, and singular interest, an
interest somewhat mingled with awe, but not altogether uncalculated to produce that affection which belongs to admiration, save
when the sudden frown or disdainful lip repelled the gentler impulse, and tended rather to excite fear, or to irritate pride, or to
wound self-love.
But if the form and features of Pausanias were eminently those
of the purest race of Greece, the dress which he assumed was no
less characteristic of the Barbarian. He wore, not the garb of
the noble Persian race, which, close and simple, was but a little
less manly than that of the Greeks, but the flowing and gorgeous
garments of the Mede. His long gown, which swept the earth,
was covered with flowers wrought in golden tissue. Instead of
the Spartan hat, the high Median cap or tiara crowned his perfumed and lustrous hair, while (what of all was most hateful to
Grecian eyes) he wore, though otherwise unarmed; the curved
cimeter and short dirk that were the national weapons of the Barbarian. And as it was not customary, nor indeed legitimate, for
the Greeks to wear weapons on peaceful occasions and with their
ordinary costume, so this departure from the common practice
had not only in itself something offensive to the jealous eyes of
his comrades, but was rendered yet more obnoxious by the adoption of the very arms of the East.




28               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
By the side of Pausanias was a man whose dark beard was already sown with gray. This man, named Gongylus, though a
Greek-a native of Eretria, in Eubcea-was in high command under the great Persian king. At the time of the'Barbarian invasion under Datis and Artaphernes, he had deserted the cause of
Greece, and had been rewarded with the lordship of four towns
in AEolis. Few among the apostate Greeks were more deeply instructed in the language and manners of the Persians; and the
intimate and sudden friendship that had grown up between him
and the Spartan was regarded by the Greeks with the most bitter
and angry suspicion. As if to show his contempt for the natural jealousy of his countrymen, Pausanias, however, had just given
to the Eretrian the government of Byzantium itself, and with the
command of the citadel had intrusted to him the custody of the
Persian prisoners captured in that port. Among these were men
of the highest rank and influence at the court of Xerxes; and it
was more than rumored that of late Pausanias had visited and
conferred with them, through the interpretation of Gongylus, far
more frequently than became the General of the Greeks. Gongylus had one of those countenances which are observed when many
of more striking semblance are overlooked.  But the features
were sharp and the visage lean, the eyes vivid and sparkling as
those of the lynx, and the dark pupil seemed yet more dark from
the extreme whiteness of the ball, from which it lessened or dilated with the impulse of the spirit which gave it fire. There
was in that eye all the subtle craft, the plotting and restless malignity, which usually characterized those Greek renegades who
prostituted their native energies to the rich service of the Barbarian; and the lips, narrow and thin, wore that everlasting
smile which to the credulous disguises wile, and to the experienced betrays it. Small, spare, and prematurely bent, the Eretrian supported himself by a staff, upon which now leaning, he
glanced, quickly and pryingly, around, till his eyes rested upon
the Athenians, with the young Chian standing in their rear.
"The Athenian Captains are here to do you homage, Pausanias," said he, in a whisper, as he touched with his small lean fingers the arm of the Spartan.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                29
Pausanias turned and muttered to himself, and at that instant
Aristides approached.
" If it please you, Pausanias, Cimon and myself, the leaders of
the Athenians, would crave a hearing upon certain matters."
"Son of Lysimachus, say on."
" Your pardon, Pausanias," returned the Athenian, lowering his
voice, and with a smile — "this is too crowded a council-hall;
may we attend you on board your galley?"'"Not so," answered the Spartan, haughtily;' the morning to
affairs, the evening to recreation. We shall sail in the bay to see
the moon rise, and if we indulge in consultations, it will be over
our wine-cups. It is a good custom."
"It is a Persian one," said Cimon, bluntly.
" It is permitted to us," returned the Spartan, coldly, "to borrow from those we conquer. But enough of this. I have no secrets with the Athenians. No matter if the whole city hear what
you would address to Pausanias."
"It is to complain;"."said Aristides with calm emphasis, but still
in an under-tone.' Ay, I doubt it not: the Athenians are eloquent in grumbling."
"It was not found so at Platsea," returned Cimon.
"Son of Miltiades," said Pausanias, loftily, " your wit outruns
your experience. But my time is short. To the matter!"
" If you will have it so, I will speak," said Aristides, raising his
voice. " Before your own Spartans, our comrades in arms, I proclaim our causes of complaint. Firstly, then, I demand release
and compensation to seven Athenians, free-born and citizens,
whom your orders have condemned to the unworthy punishment
of standing all day in the open sun with the weight of iron anchors on their shoulders."
"The mutinous knaves!" exclaimed the Spartan.  "They introduced into the camp the insolence of their own Agora, and were
publicly heard in the streets inveighing against myself as a favorer
of the Persians."
" It was easy to confute the charge; it was tyrannical to punish words in men whose deeds had raised you to the command
of Greece."




30               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Their deeds! Ye gods, give me patience! By the help of
Juno the Protectress, it was this brain and this arm that-  But
I will not justify myself by imitating the Athenian fashion of
wordy boasting. Pass on to your next complaint."
"You have placed slaves-yes, Helots —around the springs, to
drive away with scourges the soldiers that come for water."
"Not so, but merely to prevent others from filling their vases
until the Spartans are supplied."
"And by what right — " began Cimon, but Aristides checked
him with a gesture, and proceeded.
"That precedence is not warranted by custom, nor by the
terms of our alliance; and the springs, 0 Pausanias, are bounteous enough to provide for all. I proceed. You have formally
sentenced citizens and soldiers to the scourge. Nay, this very
day you have extended the sentence to one in actual command
among the Chians. Is it not so, Antagoras 2"
" It is," said the young Chian, coming forward boldly; "and
in the name of my countrymen I demand justice."
"And I also, Uliades of Samos," said a thick-set and burly
Greek who had joined the group unobserved, "I demand justice.
What, by the gods! Are we to be all equals in the day of battle?'My good sir, march here;' and,' My dear sir, just run into
that breach;' and yet when we have won the victory and should
share the glory, is one state, nay, one man, to seize the whole, and
deal out iron anchors and tough cowhides to his companions?
No, Spartans, this is not your view of the case; you suffer in the
eyes of Greece by this misconduct. To Sparta itself I appeal."
"And what, most patient sir," said Pausanias, with calm sarcasm, though his eye shot fire, and the upper lip, on which no
Spartan suffered the beard to grow, slightly quivered-" what is
your contribution to the catalogue of complaints?"
"Jest not, Pausanias; you will find me in earnest," answered
Uliades, doggedly, and encouraged by the evident effect that his
eloquence had produced upon the Spartans themselves. "I have
met with a grievous wrong, and all Greece shall hear of it, if it
be not redressed.  My own brother, who at Mycale slew four
Persians with his own hand, headed a detachment for forage.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                31
He and his men were met by a company of mixed Laconians
and, Helots, their forage taken from them, they themselves assaulted, and my brother, a man who has moneys and maintains
forty slaves of his own, struck thrice across the face by a rascally
Helot. Now, Pausanias, your answer!"
"You have. prepared a notable scene for the commander of
your forces, son of Lysimachus," said the Spartan, addressing
himself to Aristides.  "Far be it from me to affect the Agamemnon, but your friends are less modest in imitating the venerable
model of Thersites.  Enough" (and, changing the tone of his
voice, the chief stamped his foot vehemently to the ground):
"we owe no account to our inferiors; we render no explanation
save to Sparta and her Ephors."
"So be it, then," said Aristides, gravely; "we have our answer, and you will hear of our appeal."
Pausanias, changed color. " How a" said he, with a slight hesitation in his tone. "Mean you to threaten me-Me-with carrying the busy tales of your disaffection to the Spartan government?"
"Time will show. Farewell, Pausanias. We will detain you
no longer from your pastime."
"But," began Uliades.
"Hush," said the Athenian, laying his hand on the Samian's
shoulder. " We will confer anon."
Pausanias paused a moment, irresolute and in thought. His
eyes glanced toward his own countrymen, who, true to their rigid
discipline, neither spake nor moved, but whose countenances were
sullen and overcast, and at that moment his pride was shaken,
and his heart misgave him. Gongylus watched his countenance,
and, once more laying his hand on his arm, said, in a whisper,
" He who seeks to rule never goes back."
"Tush! you know not the Spartans."
"But I know Human Nature; it is the same everywhere.
You can not yield to this insolence; to-morrow, of your own accord, send for these men separately and pacify them."
"You are right. Now to the vessel!"
With this, leaning on the shoulder of the Persian, and with a




32               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
slight wave of his hand toward the Athenians-he did not deign
even that gesture to the island officers —Pausanias advanced to
the vessel, and, slowly ascending, disappeared within his pavilion. The Spartans and the musicians followed; then, spare and
swarthy, some half score of Egyptian sailors; last came a small
party of Laconians and Helots, who, standing at some distance
behind Pausanias, had not hitherto been observed. The former
were but slightly armed; the latter had forsaken their customary
rude and savage garb, and wore long g6wns and gay tunics, somewhat in the fashion of the Lydians. With these last there was
one of a mien and aspect that strongly differed from the lowering and ferocious cast of countenance common to the Helot race.
He was of the ordinary stature, and his frame was not characterized by any appearance of unusual strength; but'he trod the
earth with a firm' step and an erect crest, as if the curse of the
slave had not yet destroyed the inborn dignity of the human
being. There were a certain delicacy and refinement, rather of
thought than beauty, in his clear, sharp, and singularly intelligent
features. In contradistinction from the free-born Spartans, -his
hair was short, and curled close above a broad and manly forehead; and his large eyes of dark blue looked full and bold upon
the Athenians with something, if not of defiance, at least of pride
in their gaze, as he stalked by them to the vessel.
"A sturdy fellow for a Hielot," muttered Cimon.
"And merits well his freedom," said the son of Lysimachus.
" I remember him well. He is Aleman, the foster-brother of Pausanias, whom he attended at Plataea.  Not a Spartan that day
bore himself more bravely."
"No doubt they will put him to death when he goes back to
Sparta," said Antagoras. " When a Helot is brave, the Ephors
clap the black mark against his name, and at the next crypteia
he suddenly disappears."
"Pausanias may share the same fate as his Helot, for all I
care," quoth Uliades. "Well, Athenians, what say you to the
answer we have received?"
"That Sparta shall hear of it," answered Aristides.
"Ah, but is that all?  Recollect the Ionians have the majority




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               33
in the fleet; let us not wait for the slow Ephors. Let us at once
throw off this insufferable yoke, and proclaim Athens the Mistress
of the Seas. What say you, Cimon?"
" Let Aristides answer."
"'Yonder lie the Athenian vessels," said Aristides. "Those
who put themselves voluntarily under our protection we will not
reject. But remember we assert no claim; we yield but to the
general wish."
"Enough; I understand you," said Antagoras.
"Not quite," returned the Athenian, with a smile.  "The
breach between you and Pausanias is begun, but it is not yet
wide enough. You yourselves must do that which will annul all
power in the Spartan, and then if ye come to Athens ye will find
her as bold against the Doric despot as against the Barbarian
foe."
"But speak more plainly. What would ye have us do?" asked
Uliades, rubbing his chin in great perplexity.
" Nay, nay, I have already said enough. Fare ye well, fellowcountrymen," and, leaning lightly on the shoulder of Cimon, the
Athenian passed on.
Meanwhile, the splendid galley of Pausanias slowly' put forth
into the farther waters of the bay. The oars of the rowers broke
the surface into countless phosphoric sparkles; and the sound
they made, as they dashed amidst the gentle waters, seemed to
keep time with the song and the instruments on the deck. The
Ionians gazed in silence as the stately vessel, now shooting far
ahead of the rest, swept into the centre of the bay. And the
mron, just rising, shone full upon the glittering prow, and
streaked the rippling billows over which it had bounded, with a
light, as it were, of glory.
Antagoras sighed.
" What think you of?" asked the rough Samian.
" Peace," replied Antagoras. "In this hour, when the fair face
of Artemis recalls the old legends of Endymion, is it not permitted to man to remember that before the iron age came the golden,
before war reigned love?"
"Tush!" said Uliades.  "Time enough to think of love when
2*




34               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
we have satisfied vengeance. Let us summon our friends, and
hold council on the Spartan's insults."
"Whither goes now the Spartan " murmured Antagoras abstractedly, as he suffered his companion to lead him  away.
Then, halting abruptly, he struck his clenched hand on his breast.
" O Aphrodite i" he cried; "this night-this night I will seek
thy temple. Hear my vows-soothe my jealousy!"
"lAh," grunted Uliades, "if, as men say, thou lovest a fair
Byzantine, Aphrodite will have sharp work to cure thee of jealousy, unless she first makes thee blind."
Antagoras smiled faintly, and the two Ionians moved on slowly and in silence. In a few minutes more the quays were deserted, and nothing but the blended murmur, spreading wide and indistinct throughout the camp, and a noisier but occasional burst
of merriment from those resorts of obscener pleasure which were
profusely scattered along the haven, mingled with the whispers of
"the far resounding sea."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               35
CHAPTER II.
ON a couch, beneath his voluptuous awning, reclined Pausanias.
The curtains, drawn aside, gave to view the moonlit ocean and
the dim shadows of the shore, with the dark woods beyond, relieved by the distant lights of the city. On one side of the Spartan was a small table, that supported goblets and vases of that
exquisite wine which Maronea proffered to the thirst of the Byzantine; and those cooling and delicious fruits which the orchards
around the city supplied as, amply as the fabled gardens of the
HIesperides, were heaped on the other side. Toward the foot of
the couch, propped upon cushions piled on the floor, sat Gongylus, conversing in a low, earnest voice, and fixing his eyes steadfastly on the Spartan. The habits of the Eretrian's life, which
had brought him in constant contact with the Persians, had infected his very language with the luxuriant extravagance of the
East. And the thoughts he uttered made his language but too
musical to the ears of the listening Spartan.
"And fair as these climes may seem to you, and rich as are the
gardens and granaries of Byzantium, yet to me who have stood
on the terraces of Babylon and looked upon groves covering with
blossom and fruit the very fortresses and walls of that queen of
nations-to me, who have roved amidst the vast delights of Susa,
through palaces whose very porticoes might inclose the limits-of
a Grecian city-who have stood, awed and dazzled, in the courts
of that wonder of the world, that crown of the East, the marble
magnificence of Persepolis —to me, Pausanias, who have been
thus admitted into the very heart of Persian glories, this city of
Byzantium appears but a village of artisans and fishermen. The
very foliage of its forests, pale and sickly, the very moonlight
upon these waters, cold and smileless-ah, if thou couldst but
see! But pardon me, I weary thee i"




36               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
" Not so," said the Spartan, who, raised upon his elbow, listened
to the words of Gongylus with deep attention. "Proceed."
"Ah, if thou couldst but see the fair regions which the great
king has apportioned to thy countryman, Demaratus. And if a
domain that would satiate the ambition of the most craving of
your earlier tyrants fall to Demaratus, what would be the splendid
satrapy in which the conqueror of Plataea might plant his throne?"
"In truth, my renown and my power are greater than those
ever possessed by Demaratus," said the Spartan, musingly.
"Yet," pursued Gongylus, " it is not so much the mere extent
of the territories which the grateful Xerxes could proffer to the
brave Pausanias-it is not their extent so much that might tempt
desire, neither is it their stately forests, nor the fertile meadows,
nor the ocean-like rivers, which the gods of the East have given
to the race of Cyrus. There, free from the strange constraints
which our austere customs and solemn deities impose upon the
Greeks, the beneficent Ormuzd scatters ever-varying delights upon
the paths of men. All that art can invent, all that the marts of
the universe can afford of the rare and voluptuous, are lavished
upon abodes the splendor of which even our idle dreams of Olympus never shadowed forth. There, instead of the harsh and imperious helpmate to whom the joyless Spartan confines his reluctant love, all the beauties of every clime contend for the smile of
their lord. And wherever are turned the change-loving eyes of
Passion, the Aphrodite of our poets, such as.the Cytherean and
the Cyprian fable her, seems to recline on the lotus leaf or to
rise from the unruffled ocean of delight. Instead of the gloomy
brows and the harsh tones of rivals envious of your fame, hosts
of friends aspiring only to be followers will catch gladness from
your smile or sorrow from your frown. There, no jarring contests with little men, who deem themselves the equals of the
great, no jealous Ephor is found, to load the commonest acts of
life with fetters of iron custom. Talk of liberty! Liberty in
Sparta is but one eternal servitude; you can not move, or eat, or
sleep, save as the law directs. Your very children are wrested
from you just in the age when their voices sound most sweet.
Ye are not men; ye are machines. Call you this liberty, Pausa



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                37
nias? I, a Greek, have known both Grecian liberty and Persian
royalty. Better be chieftain to a king than servant to a mob!
But in Eretria, at least, pleasure was not denied. In Sparta the
very Graces preside over discipline and war only."
"Your fire falls upon flax," said Pausanias; rising; and with
passionate emotion.  "And if you, the Greek of a happier state,
you who know but by report the unnatural bondage to which the
Spartans are subjected, can weary of the very name of Greek,
what must be the feelings of one who from the cradle upward
has been starved out of the genial desires of life? Even in earliest youth, while yet all other lands and customs were unknown,
when it was duly poured into my ears that to be born a Spartan
constituted the glory and the bliss of earth, my soul sickened at
the lesson, and my reason revolted against the lie. Often when
my w4ole body was lacerated with stripes, disdaining to groan, I
yet yearned to strike, and I cursed my savage tutors who denied
pleasure even to childhood with all the madness of impotent revenge. My mother herself (sweet name elsewhere) had no kindness in her face. She was the pride of the matronage of Sparta,
because of all our women Alithea was the most unsexed. When
I went forth to my first crypteia, to watch, amidst the wintry
dreariness of the mountains, upon the movements of the wretched
Helots, to spy upon their sufferings, to take account of their
groans, and if one more manly than the rest dared to mingle
curses with his groans, to mark him for slaughter, as' a wolf'that
threatened danger to the fold; to lurk, an assassin,- about his
home, to dog his walks, to fall on him unawares, to strike him
from behind, to filch away his life, to bury him in the ravines, so
that murder might- leave no trace; when upon this initiating campaign, the virgin trials of our youth, I first set forth, my mother
drew near, and girding me herself with my grandsire's sword,' Go
forth,' she said,'as the young hound to the chase, to wind, to
double, to leap on the prey, and to taste of blood. See, the
sword is bright; show me the stains at thy return.'"
"Is it, then, true, as the Greeks generally declare," interrupted
Gongylus, "that in these campaigns, or crypteias, the sole aim
and object is the massacre of Helots?"




38                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Not so," replied Pausanias; "savage though the custom, it
smells not so foully of the shambles. The avowed object is to
harden the nerves of our youth. Barefooted, unattended, through
cold and storm, performing ourselves the most menial offices necessary to life, we wander for a certain season daily and nightly
through the rugged territories of Laconia.*  We go as boys-we
come back as men.t The avowed object, I say, is inurement to
hardship, but. with this is connected the secret end of keeping
watch -on these half-tamed and bull-like herds of men whom-we
call the Helots. If any be dangerous, we mark him for the knife.
One of them had thrice been a ringleader in revolt. He was
wary as well as fierce. He had escaped in three succeeding crypteias. To me, as one of the Heraclidse, was assigned the honor
of tracking and destroying him. For three days and three nights
I dogged his footsteps (for he had caught the scent of the pursuers and fled), through forest and defile, through valley and
crag, stealthily and relentlessly.  I followed him close. At last,
one, evening, having lost sight of all my comrades, I camne suddenly upon him  as I emerged from a wood. It was a broad
patch of waste land, through which rushed a stream swollen by
the rains, and plunging with a sullen roar down a deep and
gloomy precipice, that to the right and left bounded the waste,
the stream in front, the wood in the rear. He was -reclining by
the stream, -at which,- with the hollow of his hand, he quenched
his thirst. I paused to gaze upon him, and as I did so he turned
and saw me. He rose and fixed his eyes on mine, and we examined each other in silence. The Helots are rarely of tall stature,
but this was a giant. His dress, that of his tribe, of rude sheepskins, and his cap, made from the hide of a dog, increased the
savage rudeness of his appearance. I rejoiced that he saw me, and
that, as we were alone, I might fight him fairly. It would have
been terrible to slay the wretch if I had caught him in his sleep."
"Proceed," said Gongylus, with interest, for so little was known
* Plat. Leg. i., p. 633. See also MUller's "Doriaus," vol. ii., p. 41.
t Pueros puberes-neque prius in urbem redire quam viri facti essent.-Justin, iii., 3.




PAUISANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               39
of Sparta by the rest of the Greeks, especially outside the Peloponnesus, that these details gratified his natural spirit of gossiping inquisitiveness.
"'Stand!' said I, and he moved not. I approached him slowly.'Thou art a Spartan,' said he, in a deep and harsh voice,'and thou. comest for my blood. Go, boy, go, thou art not mellowed to thy prime, and thy comrades are far away. The shears
of the Fatal deities hover over the thread, not of my life, but of
thine.' I was struck, Gongylus, by this address, for it was neither desperate nor dastardly, as I had anticipated; nevertheless,
it beseemed not a Spartan to fly from a Helot, and I drew the
sword which my mother had girded on. The Helot watched my
movements, and seized a rude and knotted club that lay on the
ground beside him.
"'Wretch,' said I,' darest thou attack face to face a descendant of the Heraclidte?  In me behold Pausanias, the son of Cleombrotus.'
"' Be it so; in the city one is the god-born, the other the manenslaved. On the mountains we are equals.'
"'Knowest thou not,' said I,'that if the gods condemned me
to die by- thy hand, not only thou, but thy whole house, thy wife
and thy children, would be sacrificed to my ghost i'
"'The earth can hide. the Spartan's bones as secretly as the
Helot's,' answered my strange foe.'Begone, young and unfleshed in slaughter as you are; why make war upon me? My
death can give you neither gold nor glory. I have never harmed
thee or thine. How much of the air and sun does this form take
from the descendant of the Heraclidee?'
"'Thrice hast thou raised revolt among the Helots; thrice at
thy voice have they risen in bloody, though fruitless, strife against
their masters.'
"'Not at my voice, but at that of the two deities who are the
war-gods of slaves-Persecution and Despair.'*
* When Themistocles sought to extort tribute from the Andrians,
he said, "I bring with me two powerful gods-Persuasion and Force."
"And on our side," was the answer, "are two deities not less powerful
-Poverty and Despair!"




40               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Impatient of this parley, I tarried no longer: I sprung upon
the Helot.  He evaded my sword, and I soon found that all
my agility and skill were requisite to save me from the massive
weapon, one blow of which would have sufficed to crush me.
But the Helot seemed to stand on the defensive, and continued
to back toward the wood from which I had emerged. Fearful
lest he would escape me, I pressed hard on his footsteps. My
blood grew warm; my fury got the better of my prudence. My
foot stumbled; I recovered in an instant, and, looking up, beheld the terrible club suspended over my head; it might have
fallen, but the stroke of'death was withheld. I misinterpreted
the merciful delay; the lifted arm left the body of my enemy exposed. I struck him on the side; the thick hide blunted the
stroke, but it drew blood. Afraid to draw back within the reach
of his weapon, I threw myself on him, and grappled'to his throat.
We rolled on the earth together;'it was but a moment's struggle.
Strong as I was even in boyhood, the Helot would have been a
match for Alcides. A shade passed over my eyes; my breath
heaved short. The slave was kneeling on my breast, and, dropping the club, he drew a short knife from his girdle. I gazed
upon him grim and mute. I was conquered, and I cared not for
the rest.
" The blood from his side, as he bent over me, trickled down
upon my face.
"'And this blood,' said the Helot,'you shed in the very moment when I spared your life; such is the honor of a Spartan.
Do you not'deserve to die?'
"'Yes, for I am subdued, and by a slave. Strike!'
"'There,' said the Helot, in a melancholy and altered tone,'there speaks the soul of the Dorian, the fatal spirit to which the
gods have rendered up our wretched race. We are doomeddoomed-and one victim will not expiate our curse. Rise, return
to Sparta, and forget that thou art innocent of murder.'
" He lifted his knee from my breast, and I rose, ashamed and
humbled.
" At that instant I heard the crashing of the leaves in the wood,
for the air was exceedingly still. I knew that my companions




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               41
were at hand.'Fly,' I cried;'fly. If they come I can not save
thee, royal though I be. Fly.'
"'And wouldest thou save me!'. said the Helot in surprise.
"'Ay, with my own life. Canst thou doubt it? Lose not a
moment. Fly. Yet stay;' and I tore off a part of the woolen
vest that I. wore.'Place this at thy side; stanch the blood, that
it may not track thee.'Now, begone!'
"The Helot looked hard at me, and I thought there were tears
in his rude eyes; then, catching up the club with as much ease
as I this staff, he sped with inconceivable rapidity, despite his
wound, toward the precipice on the right, and disappeared amidst
the thick brambles that clothed the gorge. In a few moments
three of my companions approached. They found me exhausted,
and panting rather with excitement than fatigue. Their quick
eyes detected the blood upon the ground. I gave them no time
to pause and examine.'He has escaped me-he has fled,' I
cried;'follow,' and I led them to the opposite part of the precipice from that which the Helot had taken. Heading the search,
I pretended to catch a glimpse of the goat-skin ever and anon
through the trees, and I stayed not the pursuit till night grew
dark, and I judged the victim was far away."
"And he escaped?"
" He did. The crypteia ended. Three other Helots were slain,
but not by me. We returned to Sparta, and my mother was comforted for my misfortune in not having slain my foe by seeing
the stains on my grandsire's sword. I will tell thee a secret, Gongylus "-and here Pauganias lowered his voice, and looked anxiously toward him-" since that day I have not hated the Helot
race. Nay, it may be that I have loved them better than the Dorian."
" I do not wonder at it. But has not your wounded giant yet
met with his death?"
"No, I never related what had passed between us to any one
save my father. He was gentle for a Spartan, and he rested not
till Gylippus-so was the Helot named-obtained exemption from
the black list. He dared not, however, attribute his intercession
to the true cause. It happened, fortunately, that Gylippus was




42               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
related to my own foster-brother, Alcman, brother to my nurse;
and Alcman is celebrated in Sparta, not only for courage in war,
but for arts in peace. He is a poet, and his strains please the
Dorian ear, for they are stern and simple, and they breathe of
war. Alcman's merits won forgiveness for the offenses of Gylippus. May the gods be kind to his race!"
" Your Aleman seems one of no common intelligence, and your
gentleness to him does not astonish me, though it seems often to
raise a frown on the brows of your Spartans."
"We have lain on the same bosom," said Pausanias, touchingly, " and his mother was kinder to me than my. own. You must
know that to those Helots who have been our foster-brothers, and
whom we distinguish by the name of Mothons, our stern law relaxes. They have no rights of citizenship, it is true, but they
cease to be slaves;* nay, sometimes they attain not only to entire emancipation, but to distinction. Alcman has bound his fate
to mine. But to return, Gongylus. I tell thee that it is not thy
descriptions of pomp and dominion that allure me, though I am
not above the love of power; neither is it thy glowing promises,
though blood too wild for a Dorian runs riot in my veins: but it
is my deep loathing, my inexpressible disgust for Sparta and her
laws, my horror at the thought of wearing away life in those sullen customs, amidst that joyless round of tyrannic duties, in my
rapture at the hope of escape, of life in a land which the eye of
the Ephor never pierces; this it is, and this alone, O Persian, that
makes me (the words must out) a traitor to my country-one
who dreams of becoming a dependent on her foe."
"Nay," said Gongylus, eagerly; for here Pausanias moved uneasily, and the color.mounted to his brow. "Nay, speak not of
dependence. Consider the proposals that you can alone condescend to offer to the great king. Can the conqueror of Platoea,
with millions for his subjects, hold himself dependent, even on the
sovereign of the East? How, hereafter, will the memories of our
* The appellation of Mothons was not confined to the Helots who
claimed the connection of foster-brothers, but was given also to household slaves.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               43
sterile Greece and your rocky Sparta fade from your mind; or be
remembered only as a state of thralldom and bondage, which your
riper manlhood has outgrown'!"
"I will try to think so, at least," said Pausanias, gloonfily.
"And, come what may, I am not one to recede. I have thrown
my shield into a fearful peril; but I will win it back or perish.
Enough of this, Gongylus. Night advances. I will attend the
appointment you have made. Take the -boat, and within an hour
I will-meet you with the prisoners at the spot agreed on, near the
Temple of Aphrodite. All things are prepared?"
"All," said Gongylus, rising, with a gleam of malignant joy on
his dark face. "I leave thee, kingly slave of the rocky Sparta, to
prepare the way for thee, as Satrap of half the East."
So saying, he quit the awning, and motioned three Egyptian
sailors who lay on the deck without. A boat was lowered, and
the sound of its oars woke Pausanias from the reverie into which
the parting words of the Eretrian had plunged his mind.




44                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER III.
WITH a slow and thoughtful step, Pausanias passed on to the
outer deck. The moon was up, and the vessel scarcely seemed to
stir, so gently did it glide along the sparkling waters. They were
still within the bay, and the shores rose, white and distinct, to his
view. A group of Spartans, reclining by the side of the ship, were
gazing listlessly on the waters. The Regent paused beside them.
"Ye weary of the ocean, methinks," said he.  "We Dorians
have not the merchant tastes of the Ionians."*
" Son of Cleombrotus," said one of the group, a Spartan whose
rank and services entitled him to more than ordinary familiarity
with the chief, "it is not the ocean itself that we should dread;
it is the contagion of those who, living on the element, seem to
share in its ebb and flow. The Ionians are never three hours in
the same mind."
"For that reason," said Pausanias, fixing his eyes steadfastly
on the Spartan, "for that reason I have judged it advisable to
adopt a rough manner with these innovators, to draw with a
broad chalk the line between them and the Spartans, and to teach
those who never knew discipline the stern duties of obedience.
Think you I have done wisely?"
The Spartan, who had risen when Pausanias addressed him,
drew his chief a little aside from the rest.
"Pausanias," said he, " the hard Naxian stone best tames and
tempers the fine steel;t but the steel may break if the workman
be not skillful. These Athenians are grown insolent since Marathon, and their soft kindred of Asia have relighted the fires they
* No Spartan served as a sailor, or indeed condescended to any
trade or calling but that of war.
t Pind., Isth., v. (vi.), 73.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                45
took of old from the Cecropian Prytaneum. Their sail is more
numerous than ours; on the sea they find the courage they lose
on land. Better be gentle with those wayward allies, for the
Spartan greyhound shows not his teeth but to bite."
"Perhaps you are right. I will consider these things, and appease the mutineers. But it goes hard with my pride, Thrasyllus,
to make equals of this soft-tongued race. Why, these Ionians, do
they not enjoy themselves in perpetual holidays?- spend days
at the banquet?-ransack earth and sea for dainties and for perfumes?-and shall they be the equals of us men, who, from the
age of seven to that of sixty, are wisely taught to make life so
barren and toilsome that we may well have no fear of death? I
hate these sleek and merry.feast-givers; they are a perpetual insult to our solemn existence."
There was a strange mixture of irony and passion in the Spartan's voice as he thus spoke, and Thrasyllus looked at him in
grave surprise.
"There is nothing to envy in the woman-like debaucheries of
the Ionian," said he, after a pause.
"Envy! no; we only hate them, Thrasyllus. Yon Eretrian
tells me rare things of the East. Time may come when we shall
sup on the black broth in Susa."
"The gods forbid! Sparta never invades. Life with us is too
precious, for we are few. Pausanias, I would we were well quit
of Byzantium. I do not suspect you, not I; but there are those
who look with vexed eyes on those garments, and I, who love
you, fear the sharp jealousies of the Ephors, to whose ears the
birds carry all tidings."
"My poor Thrasyllus," said Pausanias, laughing scornfully,
"think you that I wear these robes, or mimic the Median manners, for love of the Mede? No, no! But there are arts which
save countries as well as those of war. This Gongylus is in the
confidence of Xerxes. I desire to establish a peace for Greece
upon everlasting foundations. Reflect; Persia hath millions yet
left. Another invasion may find a different fortune; and even at
the best, Sparta gains nothing by these wars. Athens triumphs,
not Lacedsemon. I would, I say, establish a peace with Persia.




46               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
I would that Sparta, not Athens, should have that honor. Hence
these flatteries to the Persian —trivial to us who render them,
sweet and powerful to those who receive. Remember these
words hereafter, if the Ephors make question of my discretion.
And now, Thrasyllus, return to our friends, and satisfy them as
to the conduct of Pausanias."
Quitting Thrasyllus, the Regent now joined a young Spartan
who stood alone by the prow in a musing attitude.
"Lysander, my friend, my only friend, my best-loved Lysander," said Pausanias, placing his hand on the Spartan's shoulder.
-"And why so sad?"
" How many leagues are we from Sparta?" answered Lysander,
mournfully.
" And canst thou sigh for the black broth, my friend? Come,
how often hast thou said,' Where Pausanias is, there is Sparta!"'
"Forgive me, I am ungrateful," said Lysander with warmth.
"My benefactor, my guardian, my hero, forgive me if I have
added to your own countless causes of anxiety. Wherever you
are, there is life, and there glory. When I was just born, sickly
and feeble, I was exposed on Taygetus. You, then -a boy, heard
my faint cry, and took on me that compassion which my parents
had forsworn. You bore me to your father's roof, you interceded for my life. You prevailed even on your stern mother. I
was saved; and the gods smiled upon the infant whom the son
of the humane Hercules protected. I grew up strong and hardy,
and belied the signs of my birth. My parents then owned me;
but still you were my fosterer, my savior, my more than father.
As I grew up, placed under your care, I imbibed my first lessons
of war. By your side I fought, and from your example I won
glory. Yes, Pausanias, even here, amidst luxuries which revolt
me more than the Parthian bow and the Persian sword, even
amidst the faces of the stranger, I still feel thy presence my
home, thyself my Sparta."
The proud Pausanias was touched, and his voice trembled as
he replied, "Brother in arms and in love, whatever service fate
may have allowed me to render unto thee, thy high nature and
thy cheering affection have more than paid me back. Often in




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                47
our lonely rambles amidst the dark oaks of the sacred Scotitas,*
or by the wayward waters of Tiasa,t when I have poured into
thy faithful breast my impatient loathing, my ineffable distaste
for the iron life, the countless and wearisome tyrannies of custom which surround the Spartans, often have I found a consoling
refuge in thy divine contentment, thy cheerful wisdom. Thou
lovest Sparta; why is she not worthier of thy love? Allowed
ohly to be half men, in war we are demi-gods; in peace, slaves.
Thou wouldst interrupt me. Be silent. I am in a willful mood;
thou canst not comprehend me, and I often marvel at thee.
Still we are friends, such friends as the Dorian discipline, which
makes friendship necessary in order to endure life, alone can form.
Come, take up thy staff and mantle. Thou shalt be my companion ashore. I seek one whom alone in the world I love better
than thee. To-morrow  to stern duties once more. Alcman
shall row us across the bay; and as we glide along, if thou wilt
praise Sparta, I will listen to thee as the Ionians listen to their
tale-tellers. Ho! Aleman, stop the rowers, and lower the boat."
The orders were obeyed, and a second boat soon darted toward the same part of the bay as that to which the one that bore
Gongylus had directed its course. Thrasyllus and his companions watched the boat that bore Pausanias and his two comrades,
as it bounded, arrow-like, over the glassy sea.
"Whither goes Pausanias?" asked one of the Spartans.
"Back to Byzantium on business," replied Thrasyllus.
"And we V2"
"Are to cruise in the bay till his return."
"Pausanias is changed."
"Sparta will restore him to what he was. Nothing thrives out
of Sparta. Even man spoils."
"True, sleep is'the sole constant friend, the same in all climates."
Paus., Lac., x.                      t Ibid., c. xviii.




48                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER IV.
ON the shore to the right of the port of Byzantium were at
that time thickly scattered the villas or suburban retreats of the
wealthier and more luxurious citizens. Byzantium was originally
colonized by the Megarians, a Dorian race kindred with that of
Sparta; and the old features of the pure and antique Hellas were
still preserved in the dialect,* as well as in the forms, of the descendants of the colonists; in their favorite deities and rites and
traditions; even in the names of places, transferred from the sterile Megara to that fertile coast; in the rigid and Helot-like slavery to which the native Bithynians were subjected; and in the
attachment of their masters to the oligarchic principles of government.  Nor was it till long after the present date that democracy in its most corrupt and licentious form was introduced among
them. But like all the Dorian colonies, when once they departed
from the severe and masculine mode of life inherited from their
ancestors, the reaction was rapid, the degeneracy complete. Even
then the Byzantines, intermingled with the foreign merchants and
traders that thronged their haven, and womanized by the soft
contagion of the East, wvere voluptuous, timid, and prone to every
excess save that of valor. The higher class were exceedingly
wealthy, and gave to their vices or their pleasures a splendor and
refinement of which the elder states of Greece were as yet unconscious. At a later period, indeed, we are informed that the Byzantine citizens had their habitual residence in the public hostels,
and let their houses-not even taking the trouble to remove their
wives —to the strangers who crowded their gay capital. And
~ "The Byzantine dialect was in the time of Philip, as we know
from the decree in Demosthenes, rich in Dorisms."-M'iLLER on the
Doric Dialect.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               49
when their general found it necessary to demand their aid on the
ramparts, he could only secure their attendance by ordering the
taverns and cook-shops to be removed to the place of duty. Not
yet so far sunk in sloth-and debauch, the Byzantines were nevertheless hosts eminently dangerous to the austerer manners of their
Greek visitors. The people, the women, the delicious wine, the
balm of the subduing climate, served to tempt the senses and relax the mind. Like all the Dorians, when freed from primitive
restraint, the higher class, that'is, the descendants of the colonists, were in themselves an agreeable, jovial race. They had that
strong bias to humor, to jest, to satire, which in their ancestral
Megara gave birth to the Grecian comedy, and which lurked even
beneath the pithy aphorisms and rude merry-makings of the severe Spartan.
K Such were the people with whom of late Pausanias had familiarly mixed, and with whose manners he contrasted, far too favor-,
ably for his honor and his peace, the habits of his countrymen.
It was in one of the villas we have described, the favorite abode
of the rich Diagoras, and in an apartment connected with those
more private recesses of the house appropriated to the females,
that two persons were seated by a window which commanded a
wide view of the glittering sea below. One of these was an old
man in a long robe that reached to his feet, with a bald head and
a beard in which some dark hairs yet withstood the encroachments of the gray. In his well-cut features and large eyes were
remains of the beauty that characterized his race; but the mouth
was' full and wide, the forehead low though broad, the cheeks
swollen, the chin double, and the whole form corpulent and unwieldy. Still there was a jolly2 sleek good-humor about the aspect of the man.that prepossessed you in his favor. This personage, who was no less than Piagoras himself, was reclining lazily
upon a kind of narrow sofa cunningly inlaid with ivory, and
studying new combinations in that scientific game which Palamedes is said to have invented at the siege of Troy.
His companion was of a very different appearance. She was a
girl who to the eye of a Northern stranger might have seemed
about eighteen, though she was probably much younger, of a
3




50               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
countenance so remarkable for intelligence that it was easy to see
that her mind had outgrown her years. ~ Beautiful she certainly.
was, yet scarcely of'that beauty from which the Greek sculptor
would have drawn his models. The -features were not strictly
regular, and yet so harmoniously did each blend with each, that
to have amended one would have spoiled the whole. There was
in the fullness and depth of the large but genial eye, with its
sweeping fringe, and straight, slightly chiseled brow, more of Asia
than of Greece. The lips, of the freshest red, were'somewhat full
and pouting, and dimples without number lay scattered round
them-lurking-places for the loves. Her complexion was clear,
though dark; and the purest and most virgin bloom mantled,
now paler, now richer, through the soft surface. At the time we
speak of she was leaning against the open door with her arms
crossed on her bosom, and her face turned toward the Byzantine.,.er robe, of a deep yellow, so trying to the fair women of the
North, became well the glowing colors of her beauty —the damask cheek, the purple hair. Like those of the Ionians, the sleeves
of the robe, long and loose, descended to her hands, which were
marvelously small and delicate. Long ear-rings, which terminated
in a kind of berry, studded with precious stones, then common
only with the women of the East; a broad collar, or necklace, of
the smaragdus, or emerald; and large clasps, medallion-like, where
the swan-like throat joined the graceful shoulder, gave to her
dress an appearance of opulence and splendor that betokened how
much the ladies of Byzantium had borrowed from the fashions of
the Oriental world. Nothing could exceed the lightness of her
form, rounded, it is true, but slight and girlish; and the high instep, with the slender foot, so well set off by the embroidered sandal, would have suited such dances as those in which the huntress
nymphs of Delos moved around Diana. The natural expression
of her face, if countenance so mobile and changeful had one expression more predominant than another, appeared to be irresistibly arch and joyous, as of one full of youth and conscious
of her beauty; yet, if a cloud came over the face, nothing
could equal the thoughtful and deep sadness of the dark abstracted eyes, as if some touch of higher and more animated




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                51
emotion - such as belongs to pride, or courage, or intellectvibrated on the heart.  The color rose, the form  dilated, the
lip quivered, the eye flashed light, and the mirthful'expression
heightened almost into the sublime. Yet, lovely as Cleonice was
deemed at Byzantium, lovelier still as she would hfave appeared
in modern eyes, she failed in what the Greeks generally, but especially the Spartans, deemed an essential of beauty-in height
of stature. Accustomed to look upon the virgin but as the future mother of a race of warriors, the Spartans saw beauty only
in those proportions which promised a robust and stately progeny; and the reader may remember the well-known story of the
opprobrious reproaches, even, it is said, accompanied with stripes,
which the Ephors addressed to a Spartan king for presuming to
make choice of a wife'below the ordinary stature. Cleonice was
small and delicate, rather like the Peri of the Persian than the
sturdy Grace of the Dorian. But her beauty was her least charm.
She had all that feminine fascination of manner, wayward, varying, inexpressible, yet irresistible, which seizes hold of the imagination as well as the senses, and which has sQ often made willing
slaves of the proud rulers of the world. In fact, Cleonice, the
daughter of Diagoras, had enjoyed those advantages of womanly
education wholly unknown at that time to the free-born ladies of
Greece proper, but which gave to the women of some of the Isles
and Ionian cities their celebrity in ancient story. Her mother
was of Miletus, famed for the intellectual cultivation of the sex
no less than for their beauty-of Miletus, the birthplace of Aspasia-of Miletus, from which those remarkable women who, under
the name of Hetseroe, exercised afterward so signal an influence
over the mind and manners of Athens, chiefly derived their origin, and who seem to have inspired an affection, which in depth,
constancy, and fervor approached to the more chivalrous passion
of the North. Such an education consisted not only in the feminine and household arts honored universally throughout Greece,
but in a kind of spontaneous and luxuriant cultivation of all that
captivates the fancy and enlivens the leisure. If there were something pedantic in their affectation of philosophy, it was so graced
and vivified by a brilliancy of conversation, a charm of manner




.52               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
carried almost to a science, a womanly facility of softening all
that comes within their circle, of suiting yet refining each complexity and discord of character admitted to their intercourse,
that it had at least nothing masculine or harsh. Wisdom, taken
lightly or easily, seemed but another shape of poetry. The matrons of Athens, who could often neither read nor write-ignorant, vain, tawdry, and not always faithful, if we may trust to
such scandal as has reached the modern time-must have seemed
insipid beside these brilliant strangers; and while certainly wanting their power to retain love, must have -had but a doubtful superiority in the qualifications that insure esteem.  But we are
not.to suppose'that the Hetaerwe (that mysterious and important
class peculiar to a certain state of society, and whose appellation
we can not: render by any proper word in modern language) monopolized all the graces'of their countrywomen.  In the same
cities were many of unblemished virtue and repute who possessed
equal cultivation and attraction, but whom a more decorous life
has concealed from the equivocal admiration of posterity; though
the numerous female disciples of Pythagoras throw some light on
their capacity and intellect. Among such as these had been the
mother of Cleonice, not long since dead, and her daughter inherited and equaled her accomplishments, while her virgin youth, her
inborn playfulness of manner, her pure guilelessness, which the
secluded habits of the unmarried women at Byzantium preserved
from all contagion, gave to qualities and gifts so little published
abroad the effect,' as it were, of a happy and wondrous inspiration
rather than of elaborate culture.
Such was the fair creature whom Diagoras, looking up from
his pastime, thus addressed:
"And so, perverse one, thou canst not love this great hero; a proper person truly, and a mighty warrior, who will eat you an army of
Persians at a meal. These Spartan fighting-cocks want no garlic,
I warrant you.*' And yet you can't love him, you little' rogue."
* Fighting-cocks were fed with garlic, to make them more fierce.
The learned reader will remember how Theorus advised Dicaeopolis
to keep clear of the Thracians with garlic in their mouths.-See the
Acharlzians of Aristophanes.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                53
"Why, my father," said Cleonice, with an arch smile, and a
slight blush, "even if I did look kindly on Pausanias, would it
not be to my own sorrow? What Spartan-above all, what royal Spartan-may marry with a foreigner, and a Byzantine?"
"I did not precisely talk of marriage -a very happy state,
doubtless, to those who dislike too quiet a life, and a very honorable one, for war is honor itself; but I did not speak of that, Cleonice. I would only say that this man of might loves thee-that
he is rich, rich, rich. Pretty pickings at Platsea; and we have
known losses, mny child, sad losses. And if you do not love him,
why, you can but smile and talk as if you did, and when the
Spartan goes home, you will lose a tormentor and gain a dowry."
"My father, for shame!"
"Who talks of shame. You women are always so sharp at
finding oracles in oak -leaves, that one doesn't wonder Apollo
makes choice of your sex for his priests. But listen to me, girl,
seriously," and here Diagoras with a great effort raised himself
on his elbow, and, lowering his voice, spoke with evident earnestness. "Pausanias has life and death, and, what is worse, wealth
or poverty in his hands; he can raise or ruin us with a nod of
his head, this black-curled Jupiter. They tell me that he is fierce,
irascible, haughty; and what slighted lover is not revengeful?
For my sake, Cleonice, for your poor father's sake, show no scorn,
no repugnance; be gentle, play with him, draw not down the
thunder-bolt, even if you turn from the golden shower."
VWhile Diagoras spoke, the girl listened with downcast eyes
and flushed cheeks, and there was an expression of such shame
and sadness on her countenance, that even the Byzantine, pausing
and looking up for a reply, was startled by it.
"My child," said he, hesitatingly and absorbed, "do not misconceive me. Cursed be the hour when the Spartan saw thee;
but since the Fates have'so served us, let us not make bad worse.
I love thee, Cleonice, more dearly than the apple of my eye; it
is for thee I fear, for thee I speak. Alas! it is not dishonor I
recommend; it is force I would shun."
"Force!" said the girl, drawing up her form with sudden animation. "Fear. not that. It is not Pausanias I dread; it is-"




54                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
" What then 2"
" No matter; talk of this no more. Shall I sing to thee?"
"But Pausanias will visit us this very night."
" I know it. Hark!" and, with her finger to her lip, her ear
bent downward, her cheek varying from pale to red, from red to
pale, the maiden stole beyond the window to a kind of platform
or terrace that overhung the sea. There, the faint breeze stirring
her long hair, and the moonlight full upon her face, she stood, as
stood that immortal priestess who looked along the starry Hellespont for the young Leander; and her ear bhd not deceived
her. The oars were dashing in the waves below, and dark and
rapid the boat bounded on toward the rocky shore. She gazed
long and steadfastly on the dim and shadowy forms which that
slender raft contained, and her eye detected among the three the
loftier form of her haughty wooer. Presently the thick foliage
that clothed the descent shut the boat, nearing the strand, from
her view; but she now heard below, mellowed and softened in the
-still and fragrant air, the sound of the cithara and the melodious
song of the Mothon, thus imperfectly rendered from the language
of immortal melody:
SONG.
Carry a sword in the myrtle bough,
Ye who would honor the tyrant-slayer;
I, in the leaves of the myrtle bough,
Carry a tyrant to slay myself.
I pluck'd the branch with a hasty hand,
But Love was lurking amidst the leaves;
His bow is bent and his shaft is poised,
And I must perish or pass the bough.
Maiden, I come with a gift to thee;
Maiden, I come with a myrtle wreath;
Over thy forehead, or round thy breast,
B3ind, I implore thee, my myrtle wreath.*
* Garlands were twined round the neck, or placed upon the bosom
(b7roOVipa&g). See the quotations from AlcGeus, Sappho, and Anacreon,
in Athenaeus,'book xiii., c. 17.




PAUSANIAS, THi SPARTAN.                65
From hand to hand by the banquet lights
On with the myrtle bough passes song;
From hand to hand by the silent stars
What with the myrtle wreath passes? Love.
I bear the god in a myrtle wreath,
- Under the stars let him bass to thee;
Empty his quiver and bind his wings,
Then pass the myrtle wreath back to me.
Cleonice listened breathlessly to the words, and sighed heavily
as they ceased.., Then, as the foliage rustled below, she turned
quickly into the chaiber and seated herself at a little distance
from Diagoras; to all appearance calm, indifferent, and composed.
Was it nature, or the arts of Miletus, that taught the young beauty the hereditary artifices of the sex?
" So it is he, then a?" said Diagoras, with a fidgety and nervous
trepidation.  "Well, he chooses strange hours to visit us. But
he is right; his visits can not be too private. Cleonice, you look
provokingly at your ease."
Cleonice made no reply, but shifted her position so that the
light from the lamp did not fall upon her face, while her father,
hurrying to the threshold of his hall to receive his illustrious visitor, soon re-appeared with the Spartan Regent, talking as he entered with the volubility of one of the parasites of Alciphron and
Athenaeus.
"This is most kind, most affable. Cleonice said you would
come, Pausanias, though I began to distrust you. The hours
seem long to those who expect pleasure."
"And, Cleonice, you knew that I should come," said Pausanias,
approaching the fair Byzantine; but his step was timid, and there
was no pride now in his anxious eye and bended brow.
"You said you would come to-night," said Cleonice, calmly,
"and Spartans, according to proverbs, speak the truth."'
".When it is to their advantage, yes,"* said Pausanias, with a
* So said Thucydides of the Spartans, many years afterward.
"They give evidence of honor among themselves; but with respect
to others, they consider honorable whatever pleases them, and just
whatever is to theiir advantage."-See Thucyd., lib. v.




56               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
slight curl of his lips; and, as if the girl's compliment to his
countrymen had roused his - spleen and changed -his thoughts, he
seated himself moodily by Cleonice, and remained silent.
The Byzantine stole an arch glance at the Spartan, as he thus
sat, from the corner of her eyes, and said, after a pause,
"You Spartans ought to speak the truth more than other people, for you say much less. We too have our proverb at Byzantium, and one which implies that it requires some wit to tell
fibs."
"Child, child!" exclaimed Diagoras, holding up'his hand reprovingly, and directing a terrified look- at'the Spartan. To his
great relief, Pausanias smiled, andreplied,
"Fair maiden, we Dorians are said to have a wit peculiar to
ourselves, but I confess that it is of a nature that is but little attractive to your sex. The Athenians are blander wooers."
"Do you ever attempt to woo in Lacedremon, then? Ah, but
the maidens there, perhaps, are not difficult to please."
"The girl puts me in a cold sweat!" muttered Diagoras, wiping
his brow. And this time Pausanias did not smile; he colored,
and answered, gravely; 
"And is it, then, a vain hope for a Spartan to please a Byzantine?"
"You puzzle me. That is an enigma; put it tod the oracle."
The Spartan raised his.eyes toward Cleonice, and, as she saw
the inquiring, perplexed look that his features assumed, the ruby
lips broke into so wicked a smile, and the eyes that met his had
so much laughter in them, that Pausanias was fairly bewitched
out of his own displeasure.
"Ah, cruel one!" said he, lowering his voice, "I am not so
proud of being Spartan that the thought should console me for
thy mockery."
"Not proud of being Spartan! say not so," exclaimed Cleo-'
nice.  "Who ever speaks of Greece and places not Sparta at her
head? Who ever speaks of freedom and forget; Thermopylae?
Who ever burns for glory, and sighs not for the fame of Pausanias and Plataea? Ah, yes, even in jest say not that you are not
proud to be a-Spartan!"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               57
"The little fool!" cried Diagoras, chuckling, and mightily delighted; "she is quite mad about Sparta-no wonder!"
Pausanias, surprised and moved by the burst of the fair Byzantine, gazed at her admiringly, and thought within himself how
harshly the same sentiment would have sounded on the lips of a
tall Spartan virgin; but when Cleonice heard the approving interlocution of Diagoras, her enthusiasm vanished from her face, and,
putting out her lips poutingly, she said, "Nay, father, I repeat
only what others say of the Spartans. They are admirable heroes; but from the little I have seen, they are-"
"What?'" said Pausanias, eagerly, and leaning nearer to Cleonice.
"Proud, dictatorial, and stern as companions."
Pausanias once more drew back.
"There it is again!" groaned Diagoras. "I feel exactly as if
I were playing at odd and even with a lion; she does it to vex
me..1 shall retaliate, and creep away."
"Cleonice," said Pausanias, with suppressed emotion, "you
trifle with me, and I bear it."
"You are condescending. How would you avenge yourself?"
"How!"
"You would not beat me; you would not make me bear an
anchor on the Shoulders, as they say you do your soldiers. Shame
on you! You bear with me! True, what help for you?"
"Maiden," said the Spartan, rising in great anger, "for him
who loves and is slighted there is a revenge. you have not mentioned."
"For him who loves! No, Spartan; for him who shuns disgrace and courts the fame dear to gods and men, there is no revenge upon women. Blush for your threat."
"You madden, but subdue me," said the Spartan, as he turned
away. He then first perceived that Diagoras had gone — that
they were alone. His contempt for the father awoke suspicion
of the daughter. Again he approached, and said: "Cleonice, I
know but little of the fables of poets, yet is it an old maxim often sung and ever belied, that love scorned becomes hate. There
are moments whet I think I hate thee."
3*




58               PAUSAENIAS`; THE SPARTAN.
"And yet thou hast never loved me," said Cleonice; and there
was something soft and tender in the tone of her voice, and the
rough Spartan was again subdued.
" I never loved thee! What, then, is love? Is not thine image always before me?-amidst schemes, amidst perils of which
thy very dreams have never presented equal perplexity or phantoms so uncertain, I am occupied but with thee. Surely, as upon
the hyacinth is written the exclamation of woe, so on this heart
is graven thy name. Cleonice, you who know not what it is to
love, you affect to deny or to question mine."
"And what," said Cleonice, blushing deeply, andl with tears in
her eyes, " what result can come from such a love? You may not
wed with the stranger. And yet, Pausanias, yet you know that
all other love dishonors the virgin even of Byzantium. You are
silent; you turn away. Ah, do not let them wrong you. My father fears your power. If you love me, you are powerless-; your
power has passed to me. Is it not so? I, a weak girl, can rule,
command, irritate, mock you, if I will. You may fly me, but not
control."
"Do not tempt metoo far, Cleonice," said the Spartan, with a
faint smile.
"Nay, I will be merciful henceforth; and you, Pausanias, come
here no more. Awake to the true sense of what'is due to vour
divine ancestry-your great name.. Is it not told of you that,
after the fall of Mardonius, you nobly dismissed to her country,
unscathed and honored, the captive Coan lady?* Will you reverse
at Byzantium the fame acquired at Platiea? Pausanias, spare us;
appeal not to my father's fear, still less to his love of gold."
"I can not, I can not fly thee," said the Spartan, with great
emotion. "You know not how stormy, how inexorable are the
passions which burst forth after a whole youth of restraint.
When Nature breaks the barriers, she rushes headlong on her
course. I am no gentle wooer; where in Sparta should I learn
the art? But, if I love thee not, as these mincing Ionians, who
come with offerings of flowers and song, I do love thee with all
H* erod. ix.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               59
that fervor of which the old Dorian legends tell. I could brave,
like the Thracian, the dark gates of Hades, were thy embrace my
reward. Command me as thou wilt-make me thy slave in all
things, even as Hercules was to Omphale; but tell me only that
I may win thy love at last. Fear not. Why fear me?  In my
wildest moments a look from thee can control me. I ask but
love for love. Without thy love thy beauty were valueless. Bid
me not despair."
Cleonice.turned pale, and the large tears that had gathered in
her eyes fell slowly down her cheeks; but she did not withdraw
her hand from his clasp, or avert her countenance from his eyes.
" I do not fear thee/' said she, in a very low voice. "I told
my father so; but-but-" (and here she drew back her hand
and averted her face), " I fear myself."'Ah, no, no," cried the delighted Spartan, detaining her, " do
not fear to trust to thine own heart. Talk not of dishonor. There
are" (and- here the Spartan drew himself up, and his voice took
a deeper swell)-" there are those on earth who hold themselves
above the miserable judgments of the vulgar herd —who can
emancipate themselves from those galling chains of custom and
of country which helotize affection, genius, Nature herself. What
is dishonor here may be glory elsewhere; and this hand, outstretched toward a mightier sceptre than Greek ever wielded yet,
may dispense, not shame and sorrow, but glory and golden affluence to those I love."
"You amaze me, Pausanias. Now I fear you. What mean
these mysterious boasts? Have you the dark ambition to restore
in your own person that race of tyrants whom your country hath
helped to sweep away? Can you hope to change the laws of
Sparta, and reignfi there, your will the state.?"
"Cleonice, we touch upon matters that should not disturb the
ears of women. Forgive me if I have been roused from myself."
"At Miletus - so have I heard my mother say - there were
twomen worthy to be the confidants of men."; "But they were women who loved. Cleonice, I should rejoice
in an hour when I might pour every thought into thy bosom."
At this moment there was heard on the strand below a single




60               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN;:
note from the Mothon's instrument, low, but prolonged; it ceased,
and was again renewed.  The royal conspirator started and
breathed hard.
"It is the signal," he muttered; "they wait me. Cleonice,"
he said aloud, and with much earnestness in his voice, "I had
hoped, ere we parted, to have drawn from your lips those assur*ances which would give me energy for the present and hope in
the future. Ah, turn not from me because my speech is plain
and my manner rugged. What, Cleonice, what.if I could defy
the laws of Sparta; what if, instead of that gloomy soil, I could
bear thee to lands where heaven and man alike smile benignant
on love? Might I not hope then?"
"Do nothing to sully your fame."
" Is it, then, dear to thee?"
"It is a part of thee," said Cleonice, falteringly; and as if she
had said too much, she covered her face with her hands.
Emboldened by this emotion, the Spartan gave way to his passion and his joy. He clasped her in his arms-his first embrace
-and kissed, with wild fervor, the crimsoned forehead, the veiling hands. Then, as he tore himself away, he cast his right arm
aloft.
"O Hercules!" he cried, in solemn and kindling adjuration,
" my ancestor and my divine guardian, it was not by confining
thy labors to one spot of earth that thou wert borne from thy
throne of fire to the seats of the gods.  Like thee I will spread
the influence of my arms to nations whose glory shall be my
name; and as thy sons, my fathers, expelled from Sparta, returned thither with sword and spear to defeat usurpers and to
found the long dynasty of the Heracleids, even so may it be mine
to visit that dread abode of torturers and spies, and to build up
in the halls of the Atridae a power worthier of the lineage of the
demi-god. Again the signal! Fear not, Cleonice, I will not tarnish my fame, but I will exchange the envy of abhorring rivals
for the obedience of a world. One kiss more! Farewell!"
EMe Cleonice recovered herself, Pausanias was gone, his wild
and uncomprehended boasts still ringing in her ear. She sighed
heavily, and turned toward the opening that admitted to the ter



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                61
races. There she stood watching for the parting of her lover's
boat. It was midnight; the air, laden with the perfumes of a
thousand fragrant shrubs and flowers that bloom along that coast
in the rich luxuriance of nature, was hushed and breathless. In
its stillness every sound was audible, the rustling of a leaf, the
ripple of a wave. She heard the murmur of whispered voices
below, and in a few moments she recognized, emerging from the
foliage, the form of Pausanias; but he was not alone. Who
were his companions? In the deep lustre of that shining and
splendid atmosphere she could see sufficient of the outline of
their figures to observe that they were not dressed in the Grecian
garb; their long robes betrayed the Persian.
They seemed conversing familiarly and eagerly as they passed
along the smooth sands, till a curve in the wooded shore hid
them from her view'.
" Why do I love him so," said the girl, mechanically, " and yet
wrestle against that love? Dark forebodings tell me that Aphrodite smiles -not on our vows. Woe is me! What will be the
end a?"




062             FPAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER V.
ON quitting Cleonice, Pausanias hastily traversed the long passage that communicated with a square peristyle or colonnade,
which again led, on the one hand, to the more public parts of
the villa, and, on the other, through a small door left ajar, conducted by a back entrance, to the garden and the sea-shore. Pursuing the latter path, the Spartan bounded down the descent and
came upon an opening in the foliage, in which Lysander was seated beside the boat that had been drawn partially on the strand.
"Alone? Where is Alcmani " 
"Yonder; you heard his signal?"
"I heard it."
" Pausanias, they who seek you are Persians. Beware!"
" Of what? murder? I am warned."
"Murder to your good name. There are no arms against appearances."
"But I may trust thee " said the Regent, quickly; "and of
Alcman's faith I am convinced."
" Why trust to any mpn what it were wisdom to reveal to the
whole Grecian Council? To parley secretly with the foe is half
a treason to our friends."
"Lysander," replied Pausanias; coldly, "you have much to
learn before you can be wholly Spartan. Tarry here yet a
while."
"What shall I do with this boy?" muttered the conspirator as
he strode on. "I know that he will not betray me, yet can I
hope for his aid? I love him so well that I would fain he shared
my fortunes. Perhaps by little and little I may lead him on.
Meanwhile, his race and his name are so well accredited in Sparta, his father himself an Ephor, that his presence allays suspicion.
Well, here are my Persians."
A little apart from the Mothon, who, resting his cithar$ on a




PAUSANIAS, THE SBARTAN.                63
fragment of rock, appeared to be absorbed in reflection, stood
the men of the East. There. were two of them; one of tall
stature and noble presence, in the prime of life; the other more
advanced in years, of a coarser make, a yet darker complexion,
and of a sullen and gloomy countenance. They were not dressed alike; the taller, a Persian of pure blood, wore a short tunic
that reached only to the knees; and the dress fitted to his shape
without a single fold. On his round cap or bonnet glittered a
string of those rare pearls, especially and immemorially prized in
the East, which formed the favorite and characteristic ornament
of the illustrious tribe of the Pasargadae. The other, who was a
Mede, differed scarcely in his dress from Pausanias himself, except that he was profusely covered with ornaments; his arms
were decorated with bracelets, he wore ear-rings, and a broad collar of unpolished stdnes in a kind of filigree was suspended from
his throat. Behind the Orientals stood Gongylus, leaning both
hands on his staff, and watching the approach of Pausanias with
the same icy smile and glittering eye with which he listened to
the passionate invectives or flattered the dark ambition of' the
Spartan. The Orientals saluted Pausanias with a lofty gravity,
and Gongylus, drawing near, said: "Son of Cleoinbrotus, the illustrious Ariamanes, kinsman to Xerxes, and of the house of the
Achaemenids, is so far versed in the Grecian tongue that I need
not proffer my offices as interpreter. In Datis the Mede, brother
to the most renowned of the Magi, you behold a warrior worthy
to assist the arms even of Pausanias."
"I greet ye in our Spartan phrase,'The beautiful to the
good,"' said Pausanias, regarding the Barbarians with an earnest
gaze. "And I requested Gongylus to lead ye hither in order
that I might confer with ye more at ease, than in the confinement to which I regret ye are still sentenced. Not in prisons
should be held the conversations of brave men."
"I know," said Ariamanes (the statelier of the Barbarians), in
the Greek tongue, which he spoke intelligibly indeed, but with
slowness and hesitation, "I know that I am with that hero who
refused to dishonor the corpse of Mardonius; and even though a
-captive, I converse without shame with my victor."




64                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
" Rested it with me alone, your captivity should cease," replied Pausanias.  "War, that has made me acquainted with the
valor of the Persians, has also enlightened me as to their character. Your king has ever been humane to such of the Greeks as
have sought a refuge near his throne. I would but imitate his
clemency."
"Had the great Darius less esteemed the Greeks, he would
never have invaded Greece. From  the wanderers whom misfortune drove to his realms, he learned to wonder at the arts, the
genius, the energies of the people of Hellas. He desired less to
win their territories than to gain such subjects. Too vast, alas!
was the work he bequeathed to Xerxes."
"He should not have trusted to force alone," returned Pausanias.  "Greece may be won, but by the arts of her sons, not
by the arms of the stranger. A Greek only can subdue Greece.
By such profound knowledge of the factions, the interests, the
envies, and the jealousies of each state as a Greek alone can possess, the mistaken chain that binds them might be easily severed;
some bought, some intimidated, and the few that hold out subdued amidst the apathy of the rest."
"You speak'wisely, right hand of Hellas," answered the Persian, who had listened to these remarks with deep attention.
"Yet had we in our armies your countryman, the brave Demaratus."
" But, if f have heard rightly, ye too often disdained his counsel. Had he been listened to, there had been neither a Salamis
nor a Plateea.* Yet Demaratus himself had been too long a
* After the action at Thermopylve, Demaratus advised Xerxes to
send three hundred vessels to the Laconian coast, and seize the island
of Cythera, which commanded Sparta.'" The profound experience of
Demaratus in the selfish and exclusive policy of his countrymen made
him argue that if this were done the fear of Sparta for herself would
prevent her joining the forces of the rest of Greece, and leave the latter a more easy prey to the invader."-Athens, its Rise and Fall. This
advice was overruled by Achaemenes. So, again, had the. advice of
Artemisia, the Carian princess, been taken -to delay the -naval en



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                65
stranger to Greece, and he knew little of any state save that of
Sparta. Lives he still!?"
"Surely yes, in honor and renown; little less than the son of
Darius himself."
"And what reward would Xerxes bestow on one of greater
influence than Demaratus; on one who has hitherto conquered
every foe, and now beholds before him the conquest of Greece
herself?"
"If -such a man were found," answered the Persian, "let his
thought run loose, let his imagination rove, let him seek only
how to find a fitting estimate of the gratitude of the king and
the vastness of the service."
Pausanias shaded his brow with his hand, and mused a few
moments; then lifting his eyes to the Persian's watchful but
composed countenance, he said, with a slight smile:
"Hard is it, 0 Persian, when the choice is actually before him,
for a man to renounce his country. There have been hours within this very day wheil my desires swept afar from Sparta, from
all Hellas, and rested on the tranquil pomp of Oriental satra-,pies. But now, rude and stern parent though Sparta be to me,
I feel still that I am her son; and, while we speak, a throne
in stormy Hellas'seems the fitting object of a Greek's ambition.
In a word, then, I would rise, and yet raise my country. I
would have at my will a force that may suffice to overthrow in
Sparta its grim and unnatural laws, to found amidst its rocks that
single throne which the son of a demi-god should ascend. From
that throne I would spread my empire over the whole of Greece,
Corinth and Athens being my tributaries. So that, though men
now, and posterity hereafter, may say,'Pausanias overthrew the
Spartan government,' they shall add,'but Pausanias annexed to
the Spartan sceptre the realm of Greece. Pausanias was a tyrant,
but not a traitor.' How, O Persian, can these designs accord
with the policy of the Persian king?"
gagement of Salamis, and rather to sail to the Peloponnesus- the
Greeks, failing of provisions and divided among themselves, would
probably have dispersed.




66                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
" Not without the authority of my master can I answer thee,"
replied Ariamanes, "so that my answer may be as the king's
signet to his decree. But so much at least I say: that it is not
the custom of the Persians to interfere with the institutions of
those states with which they.are connected. Thou desirest to
make a monarchy of Greece, with Sparta for its head. Be it so;
the. king my master will aid thee so to scheme and so to reign,
provided thou dost but concede to him a vase of the water from
thy fountains, a fragment of earth from thy gardens."
"In other words," said Pausanias, thoughtfully, but with a
slight color on his brow, "if I hold my dominions tributary to
the king-?"
"The dominions that by the king's aid -thou wilt have conquered. Is that a hard law?"
" To a Greek and a Spartan the very mimicry of allegiance to
the foreigner is hard."
The Persian smiled.  "Yet, if I understand thee aright, O
Chief, even kings in Sparta are but.subjects to their people.
Slave to a crowd at home, or tributary to a throne abroad; slave
every hour, or tributary for earth and water once a year, which is
the freer lot?"
" Thou canst not understand our Grecian notions," replied Pausanias, "nor have I leisure to explain them. But though I may
subdue Sparta to myself as to its native sovereign, I will not, even
by a type, subdue the land of the Heracleid to the Barbarian."
Ariamanes looked grave; the difficulty raised was serious.
And here the craft of Gongylus interposed.
"This may be adjusted, Ariamanes, as befits both parties.
Let Pausanias rule in Sparta' as he lists, and Sparta stand free of
tribute. But for all other states and cities that Pausanias, aided.by the. great king, shall conquer, let the vase be filled, and the
earth be Grecian. Let him but render tribute for those lands
which the Persians submit to his sceptre. So shall the pride of
the Spartan be appeased, and the claims of the king be satisfied."
"Shall it be so i" said Pausanias.
"Instruct me so to propose to my master, and I will do my
best to content him with the exception to the wonted rights of




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               67
the Persian diadem.: Aind then," continued Ariamanes, "then,
Pausanias, Conqueror of Mardonius, Captain at Plataea, thou art
indeed a man with whom the lord of Asia may treat as an equal.
Greeks before thee have offered to render Greece to the king my
master; but they were exiles and fugitives, they had nothing to
risk or lose; thou hast fame, and command, and power, and riches,
and all-"
" But for a throne," interrupted Gongylus.
"It does not matter what may be my motives," returned the
Spartan, gloomily, " and were I to tell them, you might not comprehend. But so much by way of explanation. You too have
held command.?"
"I have."
"If you knew that, when power became to you so sweet that
it was as necessary to life itself as food and drink, it would then
be snatched from you forever, and you would serve as a soldier
in the very ranks you had commanded as a leader; if you knew
that, no matter what your services, your superiority, your desires,
this shameful fall was inexorably doomed, might you not see
humiliation in power itselff obscurity in renown, gloom in the
present, despair in the future? And would it not seem to you
nobler even to desert the camp than to sink into a subaltern?"
" Such a prospect has in our couttry made out of good subjects
fierce rebels," observed the Persian.
"Ay, ay, I doubt it not," said Pausanias, laughing bitterly.
"Well, then, such will be my lot, if I pluck not out a fairer one
from the Fatal Urn. As Regent of Sparta, while my nephew is
beardless, I am general of her armies, and I have the sway and
functions of her king. When he arrives at the customary age, I'
am a subject, a citizen, a nothing, a miserable fool of memories
gnawing my heart away amidst joyless customs and stern austerities, with the recollection of the glories of Platiea and the delights of Byzantium. Persian, I am filled from the crown to the
sole with the desire of power, with the tastes of pleasure. I have
that within me which before my time has made-heroes and traitors, raised demi-gods to heaven, or chained the lofty Titans to
the rocks of Hades. Something I may yet be; I know not what.




68                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
But as the man never returns to the boy, so never, never, never
once more, can I be again the Spartan subject. Enough; such
as I am, I can fulfill what I have said to thee. Will thy king
accept me as his ally, and ratify the terms I have proposed?"
"I feel well-nigh assured of it," answered the Persian; "for
since thou hast spokenh thus boldly, I will answer thee in the same
strain. Know, then, that we of the pure race of Persia, we the
sons of those who overthrew the Mede, and extended the race of
the mountain tribe, from the Scythian to the Arab, from Egypt
to Ind, we at least feel that no sacrifice were too great to redeem
the disgrace we have suffered at the hands of thy countrymen;
and the world. itself were too small an empire, too confined a
breathing-place, for the son of Darius, if this nook of earth were
still left without the pale of his dominion."' "This nook of earth a Ay, but Sparta itself must own no lord
but me."
"It is agreed."
"If I release thee, wilt thou bear these offers to the king, traveling day and night till thou restest at the foot of his throne?"
"I should carry tidings too grateful to suffer me to loiter by
the road."
"And Datis, he comprehends us not; but his eyes glitter fiercely on me. It is easy to see that thy comrade loves not the
Greek."
"For that reason he will aid us well. Though but a Mede,
and not admitted to the privileges of the Pasargadae, his relationship to the most powerful and learned of our Magi, and his owri
services in war, have won him such influence with both priests
and soldiers that I would fain have him as my companion. I
will answer for his fidelity to our joint object."
" Enough; ye are both free. Gongylus, you will now conduct
our friends to the place where the steeds await them. You will
then privately return to the citadel, and give to their pretended escape the probable appearances we devised. Be quick, while
it is yet night. One word more. Persian, our success depends
upon thy speed. It is while the Greeks are yet at Byzantium,
while I yet am in command, that we should strike the blow. If'




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               69
the king consent, through Gongylus thou wilt have means to advise me. A Persian army must march at once to the Phrygian
confines, instructed to yield command to me when the hour comes
to assume it. Delay not that aid by such vast and profitless recruits as swelled the pomp, but embarrassed the arms, of Xerxes.
Armies too large rot by their own un"ieldiness into decay. A
band of fifty thousand, composed solely of the Medes and Persians, will more than suffice. With such an army, if my command be undisputed, I will win a second Platwea, but against the
Greek."
"Your suggestions shall be law. May Ormuzd favor the bold!"
"Away, Gongylus! You know the rest."
Pausanias followed with thoughtful eyes the receding forms of
Gongylus and the Barbarians. "I have passed forever," he muttered, "the pillars of Hercules. I must go on or perish. If I
fall, I die execrated and abhorred; if I succeed, the sound of the
choratfiutes will drown the hootings.: Be it. as it may, I do not
and will not repent. If the wolf gnaw my entrails, none shall
hear me groan."  He turned and met the eyes of Aleman, fixed
on him so intently, so exultingly, that, wondering at their strange
expression, he drew back and said, haughtily, "You imitate Medusa, but I am stone already."
"Nay," said the Mothon, in a voice of great humility, " if you
are of stone, it is like the divine one which, when borne before
armies, secures their victory. Blame me not that I gazed on you
with triumph and hope. For, while you conferred with the Persian, methought the murmurs that reached my ear sounded thus:'When Pausanias shall rise, Sparta shall bend low, and the Helot
shall break his chains."'
"They do not hate me, these Helots i"
"You are the only Spartan they love:"
"Were my life in danger from the Ephors-"
"The Helots would rise to-a man."
"Did I plant my standard on Taygetus, though all Sparta encamped against it-"
" All the slaves would cut their way to thy side. O Pausanias,
think how much nobler it were to reign over tens of thousands




70                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
who become freemen at thy word, than t6 be but the equal of ten
thoufand tyrants."
" The Helots fight well, when well led," said Pausanias, as if to
himself.  "Launch the boat."
"Pardon me, Pausanias, but is it prudent any longer to trust
Lysander? He is the pattern of the Spartan youth, and Sparta
is his mistress. He loves her too well n6t to blab to her every
secret."
"O Sparta, Sparta! wilt thou not leave me one friend " exclaimed Pausanias. " No, Aleman, I will not separate myself from
Lysander till I despair of his alliance.  To your oars! Be
quick!"
At the sound of the Mothon's tread upon the pebbles, Lysander, who had hitherto remained motionless, reclining by the boat,
rose and advanced toward Pausanias. There was in his countenance, as the moon shining on it cast over his statue-like features
a pale and marble hue, so much of anxiety, of affection, of fear,
so much of the evident, unmistakable solicitude of friendship,
that Pausanias, who, like most men envied and unloved, was susceptible even of the semblance of attachment, muttered to himself, "No, thou wilt not desert me, nor I thee."
"My friend, my Pausanias," said Lysander, as he approached,
"I have had fears-I have seen omens.  Undertake nothing, I
beseech thee, which thou hast meditated this night."
"And what hast thou seen "' said Pausanias, -with a slight
change of countenance.
" I was praying the gods for thee and Sparta, when a star shot
suddenly from the heavens. Pausanias, this is the eighth year, the
year in which on moonless nights the Ephors watch the heavens."
"And if a star fall, they judge their kings," interrupted Pausanias (with a curl of his haughty lip), " to have offended the gods,
and suspend them from their office till acquitted by an oracle at
Delphi, or a priest at Olympia. A wise superstition. But, Lysander, the night is not moonless, and the omen is therefore
naught."
Lysander shook his head mournfully, and followed his chieftain
to the boat, in gloomy silence.




BOOK II.








PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               73
CHAPTER I.
AT noon the next day, not only the vessels in the harbor presented the same appearance of inactivity and desertion which had
characterized the preceding evening, but the camp itself seemed
forsaken. Pausanias had quit his ship for the citadel, in which
he took up his lodgment when on shore; and most of the officers and sailors of the squadron were dispersed among the taverns and wine-shops, for which, even at that day, Byzantium was
celebrated.
It was in one of the lowest and most popular of these latter
resorts, and in a large and rude chamber, or rather outhouse, separated from the rest of the building, that a number of the Laconian Helots were assembled. Some of these were employed as
sailors, others were the military attendants on the Regent and the
Spartans who accompanied him.
At the time we speak of, these unhappy beings were in the full
excitement of that wild and melancholy gayety which is almost
peculiar to slaves in their hours of recreation, and in which reaction of wretchedness modern writers have discovered the indulgence of a native humor. Some of them were drinking deep,
wrangling, jesting, laughing in loud discord over their cups. At
another table rose the deep voice of a singer, chanting one of
those antique airs known but to these degraded sons of the Homeric Achaean, and probably in its origin going beyond the date
of the Tale of Troy; a song of gross and rustic buffoonery, but
ever and anon charged with some image or thought worthy of
that language of the universal Muses. His companions listened
with a rude delight to the rough voice ana homely sounds, and
now and then interrupted the wassailers at the other tables by
cries for silence, which none regarded. Here and there, with intense and fierce anxiety on their faces, small groups were playing
4




'74               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
at dice; for gambling is the passion of slaves. And many of
these men, to whom wealth could bring no comfort, had secretly
amassed large hoards at the plunder of Platmea, from which they
had sold to the traders of AEgina gold at the price of brass. The
appearance of the rioters was startling and melancholy. They
were mostly stunted and undersized, as are generally the progeny
of the sons of woe; lean and gaunt with early hardship, the spine
of the back curved and bowed by habitual degradation; but
with the hard-knit sinews and prominent muscles which are produced by labor and the mountain air; and under shaggy and lowering brows sparkled many a fierce, perfidious, and malignant eye;
while, as mirth, or gaming, or song, aroused smiles in the various
groups, the rude features spoke of passions easily released from
the sullen bondage of servitude, and revealed the nature of the
animals which thralldom had failed to tame. Here and there,
however, were to be seen forms, unlike the rest, of stately stature, of fair proportions, wearing the divine linetaments of Grecian
beauty. From some of these a higher nature spoke out, not in
mirth, that last mockery of supreme woe, but in an expression of
stern, grave, and disdainful melancholy; others, on the contrary,
surpassed the rest in vehemence, clamor, and exuberant extravagance of emotion, as if their nobler physical development only
served to entitle them to that base superiority, For health and
vigor can make an aristocracy even among Helots. The garments
of these merry-makers increased the peculiar effect of their general appearance. The Helots in military excursions naturally relinquished the rough sheep-skin dress that characterized their countrymen at home, the serfs of the soil. The sailors had thrown off,
for coolness, the leathern jerkins they habitually wore, and, with
their bare arms and breasts, looked as if of a race that yet shivered, primitive and unredeemed, on the outskirts of civilization.
Strangely contrasted with their rougher comrades were those
who, placed occasionally about the person of the Regent, were indulged with the loose and clean robes of gay colors worn by the
Asiatic slaves; and these ever and anon glanced at their finery
with an air of conscious triumph. Altogether, it was a sight that
might well havye appalled, by its solemn lessons of human change,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              75
the poet who would have beheld in that imbruted flock the descendants of the race over whom Pelops, and Atreus, and Menelaus, and Agamemnon, the king of men, had held their antique
sway, and might still more have saddened the philosopher who
believed, as Menander has nobly written, "That Nature knows no
slaves."
Suddenly, in the midst of the confused and uproarious hubbub,
the'door opened, and Alcman the Mothon entered the chamber..
At this sight the clamor ceased in an instant. The party rose,
as by a general impulse, and crowded round the new-comer.
"My friends," said he, regarding them with the same calm and
frigid indifference which usually characterized his demeanor, " you
do well to make merry while you may, for something tells me
it will not last long. We shall return to Lacedaemon. You look
black. - So, then, is there no delight in the thought of home a?"
"Home i" muttered one of the Helots, and the word, sounding
drearily on his lips,- was echoed by many, so that it circled like a
groan.
"Yet ye have your children as much as if ye were free," said'
Alcman.
"And for that reason it pains us to see them play, unaware of
the future," said a Helot of better mien than his comrades.
" But do yoiu know," returned the Mothon, gazing on the last
speaker steadily, "that for your children there may not be a future fairer than that which your fathers knew?"
"Tush!" exclaimed one of the unhappy men, old before his
time, and of an aspect singularly sullen and ferocious. "Such
have been your half hints and mystic prophecies for years. What
good comes of them? Was there ever an oracle for Helots?"
"There was no repute in the oracles even of Apollo," returned
Aleman, " till the Apollo-serving Dorians became conquerors. Oracles are the children of victories."
"But there are no victories for us," said the first speaker,
mournfully.
"Never, if ye despair," said the Mothon, loftily. "What!" he
added, after a pause, looking round at the crowd, "what! do ye
not see that hope dawned upon us from the hour when thirty



766              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
five thousand of us were admitted as soldiers, ay, and as conquerors, at PlatEea? From that moment we knew our strength.
Listen to me. At Samos once a thousand slaves-mark me, but a
thousand-escaped the yoke, seized on arms, fled to the mountains (we have mountains even in Laconia), descended from time
to time to devastate the fields and to ha'rass their ancient lords.
By habit they learned war, by desperation they grew indomitable.
What became of these slaves? Were they cut off? Did they
perish by hunger, by the sword, in the dungeon or field? No;
those brave men were the founders of Ephesus."*
" But the Samians were not Spartans," mumbled the old Helot.
"As ye will, as ye will," said Aleman, relapsing into his usual
coldness. " I wish you never to strike unless ye are prepared to
die or conquer."
" Some of us are," said the younger Helot.
" Sacrifice a cock to the Fates, then."
" But why, think you," asked one of the Helots, "that we shall
be so soon summoned back to Laconia?"
"Because while ye are drinking and idling here-drones that
ye are —there is commotion in the Athenian bee-hive yonder.
Know that Ariamanes the Persian, and Datis the Mede, have escaped. The allies, especially the Athenians, are excited and angry; and many of them are already come in a body to Pausanias,
whom they accuse of abetting the escape of the fugitives."
"Well?"
"Well, and if Pausanias does not give honey in his wordsand few flowers grow on his lips — the bees will sting, that is all.
A trireme will be dispatched to Sparta with complaints. Pausanias will be recalled-perhaps his life endangered."
"Endangered 1" echoed several voices.
"Yes. What is that to you-what care you for his danger?
He is a Spartan."
"Ay," cried one; " but he has been kind to the Helots."
"And we have fought by his side," said another.
Malacus ap. Athen., 6.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              7'7
"And he dressed my wound with his own hand," murmured a
third.
"And we have got money under him," growled a fourth.
"And, more than all," said Alcman, in a loud voice, " if he lives,
he will break down the Spartan government. Ye will not let this
man die?"
"Never!" exclaimed the whole assembly. Aleman gazed with
a kind of calm and strange contempt on the flashing eyes, the
fiery gestures, of the throng, and then said, coldly,
" So, then, ye would fight for one man?"
"Ay, ay, that would we."
"But not for your own liberties, and those of your children
unborn?"
There was a dead silence; but the taunt was felt, and its logic
was already at work in many of these rugged breasts.
At this moment, the door was suddenly thrown open; and a
Helot, in the dress worn by the attendants of the Regent, entered,
breathless and panting.
"Alcman! the gods be praised, you are here. Pausanias commands your presence. Lose not a moment. And you too, comrades, by Demeter I! do you mean to spend whole days at your
cups? Come to the citadel; ye may be wanted."
This was sporken to such of the Helots as belonged to the train
of Pausanias.
"Wanted-what for a? said one. "Pausanias gives us a holi-'day while he employs the sleek Egyptians."
"Who that serves Pausanias ever asks that question, or can
foresee from one hour to another what he may be required to
do?" returned the self-important messenger, with great contempt.
Meanwhile the Mothon, all whose movements were peculiarly
silent and rapid, was already on his way to the citadel.  The
distance was not inconsiderable, but Alcman was~ swift of foot.
Tightening the girdle round his waist, he swung himself, as it
were, into a kind of run, which, though not seemingly rapid,
cleared the ground with a speed almost rivaling that of the ostrich, from the length of the stride and the extreme regularity of
the pace. Such was at that day the method by which messages




'78              PALUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
were dispatched from state to state,. especially in mountainous
countries; and the length of way which was performed, without
stopping, by the foot-couriers might startle the best-trained pedestrians in our times. So swiftly, indeed, did the Mothon pursue
his course, that just by the citadel he came up with the Grecian
captains who, before he joined the Helots, had set off for -their
audience with Pausanias. There were some fourteen or fifteen
of them, and they so filled up the path, which, just there, was
not broad, that Alcman was obliged to pause as he came. upon
their rear.
"And whither so fast, fellow a" said Uliades the Samian, turning round as he heard the strides of the Mothon.
"Please you, master, I am bound to the General."
" Oh, his slave! Is he going to free you?"
"I am already as free as a man who has no city can be."
"Pithy. The Spartan slaves have the dryness of their masters.
How, sirrah! do you jostle me?"
"I crave pardon. I only seek to pass."
" Never! to take precedence of a Samian. Keep back."
"I dare not."
"Nay, nay, let him pass," said the young Chian, Antagoras;
"he will get scourged if he is too late. Perhaps, like the Persians, Pausanias wears false hair, and wishes the slave to dress it
in honor of- us."
"Hush!" whispered an Athenian. "Are these taunts prudent?"
Here there suddenly broke forth a loud oath from  Uliades,
who, lingering a little behind the rest, had laid rough hands on
the Mothon, as the latter once more attempted to pass him.
With a dexterous and abrupt agility, Aleman had extricated himself from the Samian's grasp, but with a force that swung the
captain on his knee.'Taking advantage of the position of the
foe, the Mothon darted onward, and, threading the rest of the
party, disappeared through the neighboring gates of the citadel.
" You saw the insult?" said Uliades, between his ground teeth,
as he recovered himself. " The master shall answer for the slave;
and to me, too, who have forty slaves of my own at home!"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               7-9
"Pooh! think no more of it," said Antagoras, gayly; "the
poor fellow meant only to save his own hide."
"As if that were of any consequence! My slaves are brought
up from the cradle not to know if they have hides or not. You
may pinch them by the hour together, and they don't feel you.
My little ones do it, in rainy weather, -to strengthen their fingers.
The gods keep them!"
"An excellent gymnastic invention. But we are now within
the citadel. Courage! The Spartan greyhound has long teeth."
Pausanias was striding with hasty steps up and down a long
and narrow peristyle or colonnade that surrounded the apartments appropriated to his private use, when Aleman joined him.
"Well, well," cried he, eagerly, as he saw the Mothon, "you
have mingled with the common gangs of these worshipful seamen,
these new men, these Ionians. Think you they have so far overcome their awe of the Spartan that they would obey the mutinous commands of their officers?"
"Pausanias, the truth must be spoken-Yes!"
" Ye gods! one would think each of these wranglers imagined
he had a whole Persian army in his boat. Why, I have seen the
day when, if in any assembly of Greeks a Spartan entered, the
sight of his very hat and walking-staff cast a terror through the
whole conclave.."
"True, Pausanias; but they suspect that Sparta herself will
disown her General."
"Ah! say they so?"
"With one voice.".
Pausanias paused a moment in deep and perturbed thought.
" Have they dared yet, think you, to send to Sparta?"
"I hear not; but a trireme is in readiness to sail after your
conference with the captains."
"So, Aleman, it were ruin to my schemes to be recalled-until
-until-"
"The hour to join the Persians on the frontier-yes."
" One word more. Have you had occasion to sound the Helots?"
"But half an hour since. They will be true to you. Lift




80                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
your right hand, and the ground where you stand will bristle
with men who fear death even less than the Spartans."
"Their aid were useless here against the whole Grecian fleet;
but in the defiles of Laconia, otherwise.  I am prepared, then, for
the worst, even recall."
Here a slave crossed frofn a kind of passage that led from the
outer chambers into the peristyle.
"The Grecian Captains have arrived to demand audience."
" Bid them wait," cried Pausanias, passionately.
"list! Pausanias," whispered the Mothon.  "Is it not best
to soothe them-to play with them  to cover the lion with the
fox's hide?"
The Regent turned with a frown to his foster-brother, as if
surprised and irritated by his presumption in advising; and indeed of late, since Pausanias had admitted the son of the Helot
into his guilty intrigues, Alcman had assumed a bearing and tone
of equality which Pausanias, wrapped in his dark schemes, did
not always notice, but at which from time to time he chafed angrily, yet again permitted it, and the custom gained ground; for
in guilt conventional distinctions rapidly vanish, and mind speaks
freely out to mind. The presence of the slave, however, restrained him, and after a momentary silence his natural acuteness, great
when undisturbed by passion or pride, made him sensible of the
wisdom of Aleman's counsel.
"Hold!" he said to the slave.  "Announce to the Grecian
Chiefs that Pausanias will await them  forthwith.  Begone!
Now, Alcman, I will talk over these gentle monitors. Not in
vain have I been educated in Sparta; yet if by chance I fail,
hold thyself ready to haste to Sparta at.a minute's warning. I
must forestall the foe. I have gold, gold; and he who employs
most of the yellow orators will prevail most with the Ephors.
Give me my staff; and tarry in yon chamber to the left."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               8 
CHAPTER II.
IN a large hall, with a marble fountain in the middle of it,
the Greek Captains awaited the coming of Pausanias. A low
and muttered conversation was carried on among them, in small
knots and groups, amidst which the voice of Uliades was heard
the loudest. Suddenly the hum was hushed, for footsteps were
heard without. The thick curtains that at one extreme screened
the doorway were drawn aside, and, attended by three of the
Spartan knights, among whom was Lysander, and by two soothsayers, who were seldom absent, in war or warlike council, from
the side of the Royal Heracleid, Pausanias slowly entered the
hall. So majestic, grave, and self-collected'were the bearing and
aspect of the Spartan General, that the hereditary awe inspired by
his race was once more awakened, and the angry crowd saluted
him, silent and half abashed. Although the strong passions and
the daring arrogance of Pausanias did not allow him the exercise
of that enduring, systematic, unsleeping hypocrisy which, in relations with the foreigner, often characterized his countrymen, and
which, from its outward dignity and profound craft, exalted the
vice into genius; yet, trained from earliest childhood in the arts
that hide design, that control the countenance, and convey in the
fewest words the most ambiguous meanings, the Spartan general
could, for a brief period, or for a critical purpose, command all
the wiles for which the Greek was'nationally famous, and in
which Thucydides believed that, of all Greeks, the Spartan was
the most skillful adept. And now, as, uniting the courtesy of
the host with the dignity of the chief, he returned the salute of
the officers, and smiled his gracious welcome, the unwonted affability of his manner took the discontented by surprise, and half
propitiated the most indignant in' his favor.
"I need not ask you, 0 Greeks," said he, why ye have sought
4*




82               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
me. Ye have learned the escape of Ariamanes and Datis-a
strange and unaccountable mischance."
The captains looked round at each. other in silence, till at last
every eye rested upon Cimon, whose illustrious birth, as well as
his known respect for Sparta, combined with his equally wellknown dislike of her chief, seemed to mark him, despite his
-youth, as the fittest person to be speaker for the rest. Cimon,
who understood the mute appeal, and whose courage never failed
his ambition, raised his head, and, after a moment's hesitation,
replied to the Spartan:
" Pausanias, you guess rightly the cause which leads us to your
presence. These prisoners were our noblest; their capture the
reward of our common valor; they were generals, moreover, of
high skill and repute. They had become experienced in our Grecian warfare, even by their defeats. Those two men, should
Xerxes again invade Greece, are worth more to his service than
half the nations whose myriads crossed the Hellespont. But
this is not all. The arms of the Barbarians we can encounter
undismayed. -It is treason at home which can alone appall us."
There was a low murmur among the Ionians at these words.
Pausanias, with well-dissembled surprise on his countenance, turned his eyes from Cimon to the murmurers, and from them again
to Cimon, and repeated,
" Treason! son of Miltiades; and from whom?"
" Such is the question that we would put to theej Pausaniasto thee, whose eyes, as leader of our armies, are doubtless vigilant
daily and nightly over the interests of Greece."
"I am not blind," returned Pausanias, appearing unconscious
of the irony; "but I am not Argus. If thou hast discovered
aught that is hidden from me, speak boldly."
"Thou hast made Gongylus the Eretrian governor of Byzantium; for what great services we know not. But he has lived
much in Persia."
"For that reason, on this the frontier of her domains, he is better enabled to penetrate her designs and counteract her. ambition."
"This Gongylus," continued Cimon, "is well known to have
much frequented the Persian captives in their confinement."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               83
"In order to learn from them what may yet be the strength of
the king. In this he had my commands."
"I question it not. But, Pausanias," continued Cimon, raising his voice, and with energy, " had he also thy commands to
leave thy galley last night, and to return to the citadel?"
" He had. What then?"
"And on his return the Persians disappear-a singular chance,
truly. But that is not all. Last night, before -he returned to the
citadel, Gongylus was perceived, alone, in a retired spot on the
outskirts of the city."
"Alone?" echoed Pausanias.
"Alone. If he had companions, they were not discerned.
This spot was out of the path he should have taken. By this
spot, on the soft soil, are the marks of hoofs, and in the thicket
close by were found these witnesses;" and Cimon drew from
his vest a handful of the pearls only worn by the Eastern captives.
"There is something in this," said Xanthippus, "which requires at least examination. May it please you, Pausanias, to
summon Gongylus hither?"
A momentary shade passed over the brow of the conspirator,
but the eyes of the Greeks were on him, and to refuse were as
dangerous as to comply. IIe turned to one of his Spartans, and
ordered him to summon the Eretrian.
"You have spoken well, Xanthippus. This matter must be
sifted."
With that, motioning the captains to the seats that were
ranged round the walls and before a long table, he cast himself
into a large chair at the head of the table, and waited in silent
anxiety the entrance of the Eretrian. His whole trust now was
in the craft and penetration of his friend. If the courage or the
cunning of Gongylus failed him-if but a word betrayed himPausanias was lost. He was girt by men who hated him; and
he read in the dark, fierce eyes of the Ionians-whose pride he
had so often galled, whose revenge he had so carelessly provoked
— the certainty of ruin. One hand hidden within the folds of
his robe convulsively clenched the flesh, in the stern agony of his




84               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
suspense. His calm and composed face nevertheless exhibited to
the captains no trace of fear.
The draperies were -again drawn aside, and Gongylus slowly
entered.
Habituated to peril of every kind from his earliest youth, the
Eretrian was quick to detect its presence. The sight of the silent
Greeks, formally seated round the hall, and watching his steps
and countenance with eyes whose jealous and vindictive meaning
it required no CEdipus to read; the grave and half-averted brow
of Pausanias; and the angry excitement that had prevailed
amidst the host at the news of the escape of the Persians-all
sufficed to apprise him of the nature of the council to which he
had been summoned.
Supporting himself on his staff, and dragging his limbs tardily
along, he had leisure to examine, though with apparent indifference, the whole group; and when, with a calm salutation, he arrested his steps at the foot of the table immediately facing Pausanias, he darted one glance at the Spartan, so fearless, so bright,
so cheering, that Pausanias breathed hard, as if a load were
thrown from his breast, and, turning easily toward Cimon, said,
" Behold your witness. Which of us shall be questioner, and
which judge?"
"That matters but little," returned Cimon.  " Before this audience justice must force its way."
"It rests with you, Pausanias," said Xanthippus, "to acquaint
the Governor of Byzantium with the suspicions he has excited."
" Gongylus," said Pausanias, "the captive Barbarians, Ariamanes and Datis, were placed by me especially under thy vigilance
and guard. Thou knowest that, while (for humanity becomes the
victor) I ordered thee to vex them by no undue restraints, I nevertheless commanded thee to consider thy life itself answerable
for their durance. They have escaped. The Captains of Greece
demand of thee, as I demanded-by what means-by what connivance? Speak the truth, and deem that in falsehood, as well as
in treachery, detection is easy, and death certain."
The tone of Pausanias, and his severe look, pleased and re-assured all the Greeks, except the wiser Cimon, who, though his




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               85
suspicions were a little shaken, continued to fix his eyes rather on
Pausanias than on the Eretrian.
"Pausanias," replied Gongylus, drawing up his lean frame, as
with the dignity of conscious innocence, "that suspicion could
fall upon me, I find it difficult to suppose. Raised by thy favor
to the command of Byzantium, what have I to gain by treason
or neglect? These Persians-I knew them well. I had known
them in Susa-known them when I served Darius, being then anexile from Eretria. Ye know, my countrymen, that when Darius
invaded Greece I left his court and armies, and sought my native
land, to fall or to conquer in its cause. Well, then, I knew these
Barbarians. I sought them frequently; partly, it may be, to return to them in their adversity the courtesies shown me in mine.
Ye are Greeks: ye will not condemn me for humanity and gratitude. Partly with another motive. I knew that Ariamanes had
the greatest influence over Xerxes. I knew that the great king
would at any cost seek to regain the liberty of his friend. I
urged upon Ariamanes the wisdom of a peace with the Greeks
even on their own terms. I told him that when Xerxes sent to
offer the ransom, conditions of peace would avail more than sacks
of gold. He listened and approved. Did I wrong in this, Pausanias? No; for thou, whose deep sagacity has made thee condescend even to appear half Persian, because thou art all Greekthou thyself didst sanction my efforts on behalf of Greece."
Pausanias looked with a silent triumph round the conclave, and
Xanthippus nodded approval.
"In order to conciliate them, and with too great confidence in
their faith, I relaxed by degrees the rigor of their confinement;
that was a fault, I own it. Their apartments communicated with
a court in which I suffered them to walk at will. But I placed
there two sentinels in whom I deemed I could repose all trustnot my own countrymen-not Eretrians-not thy Spartans- or
Laconians, Pausanias. No; I deemed that if ever the jealousy
(a laudable jealousy) of the Greeks should demand an account of
my faith and vigilance, my witnesses should be the countrymen
of those who have ever the most suspected me. Those sentinels
were, the one a Samian, the other a PElateean. These men have




86               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
betrayed me and Greece. Last night, on returning hither from
the vessel, I visited the Persians. They were about to retire to
rest, and I quit them soon, suspecting nothing. This morning
they had fled, and with them their abettors, the sentinels. I hastened, first, to send soldiers in search of them; and, secondly, to
inform Pausanias in his galley. If I have erred, I submit me to
your punishment. Punish my error, but acquit my honesty."
"And what," said Cimon, abruptly, "'led thee far from  thy
path, between the Heracleid's galley and the citadel, to the fields
near the temple of Aphrodite, between the citadel and the bay?
Thy color changes. Mark him, Greeks. Quick; thine answer."
The countenance of Gongylus had indeed lost its color and
hardihood. The loud tone of Cimon-the effect his confusion
produced on the Greeks, some of whom, the Ionians, less self-possessed and dignified than the rest, half rose, with fierce gestures
and muttered exclamations-served still more to embarrass and
intimidate him. He cast a hasty look on Pausanias, who averted
his eyes. There was a pause. The Spartan gave himself up for
lost; but how much more was his fear increased when Gongylus,
casting an imploring gaze upon the Greeks, said, hesitatingly,
" Question me no further. I dare not speak;" and as he spoke
he pointed to Pausanias.
"' It was the dread of thy resentment, Pausanias," said Cimon,
coldly, "that withheld his confession. Vouchsafe to re-assure
him."
"Eretrian," said Pausanias, striking his clenched hand on the
table, "I know not what tale trembles on thy lips; but, be it
what it may, give it voice, I command thee."
"Thou thyself, thou wert the cause that led me toward the
temple of Aphrodite," said Gongylus, in a low voice.
At these words there went forth a general deep-breathed murmur. With one accord every Greek rose to his feet. The Spartan attendants in the rear of Pausanias drew closer to his person;
but there was nothing in their faces —yet more dark and vindictive than those of the other Greeks —that promised protection.
Pausanias alone remained seated and unmoved. His imminent
danger gave him back all his'valor, all his pride, all his passionate




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                87
and profound disdain. With unbleached cheek, with haughty
eyes, he met the gaze of the assembly; and then waving his hand
as if that gesture sufficed to restrain and awe them, he said,
"In the name of all Greece, whose chief I yet am, whose protector I have once been, I command ye to resume your seats, and
listen to the Eretrian. Spartans, fall back. Governor of Byzantium, pursue your tale."
"Yes, Pausanias," resumed Gongylus, "you alone were the
cause that drew me from my rest. I would fain be silent, but-"
"Say on!" cried Pausanias, fiercely, and measuring the space
between himself and Gongylus, in doubt whether the Eretrian's
head were within reach of his cinieter; so at least Gongylus interpreted that freezing look of despair and vengeance, and he
drew back some paces. "I place myself, O Greeks, under your
protection; it is dangerous to reveal the errors of the great.
Know that, as Governor of Byzantium, many things ye wot not
of reach my ears. Hence, I guard against dangers while ye sleep.
Learn, then, that Pausanias is not without the weakness of his
ancestor, Alcides; he loves a maiden-a Byzantine-Cleonice, the
daughter of Diagoras."
This unexpected announcement, made in so grave a tone, provoked a smile among the gay Ionians; but an exclamation of jealous anger broke from Antagoras, and a blush, partly of wounded
pride, partly of warlike shame, crimsoned the swarthy cheek of
Pausanias. Cimon, who was by no means free from the joyous
infirmities of youth, relaxed his severe brow, and said, after a
short pause,
"Is it, then, among the grave duties of the Governor of Byzantium to watch over the fair Cleonice, or to aid the suit of her
illustrious lover?"
"Not so," answered Gongylus; "but the life of the Grecian
General is dear, at least, to the grateful Governor of Byzantium.
Greeks, ye know that among you Pausanias has many foes. Returning last night from his presence, and passing through the
thicket, I overheard voices at hand. I caught the name of Pausanias.'The Spartan,' said one voice,'nightly visits the house
of Diagoras. He goes usually alone. From the height near the




88               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
temple we can watch well, for the night is clear; if he goes alone,
we can intercept his way on his return.''To the height!' cried
the other. I thought to distinguish the voices, but the trees hid
the speakers. I followed the footsteps toward the temple, for it
behooved me to learn who thus menaced the chief of Greece.
But ye know that the wood reaches even to the sacred building,
and the steps gained the temple before I could recognize the men.
I concealed myself, as I thought, to watch; but it seems that I
was perceived, for he who saw me, and now accuses, was doubtless one of the assassins. Happy I, if the sight of a witness scared
him from the crime. Either fearing detection, or aware that their
intent that night was frustrated-for Pausanias, visiting Cleonice
earlier than his wont, had already. resought his galley-the men
retreated as they came, unseen, not unheard. I caught their receding steps through the brush-wood. Greeks, I have said. Who
is my accuser? in him behold the would-be murderer of Pausanias!"
"Liar!" cried an indignant and loud voice among the captains,
and Antagoras stood forth from the circle.
" It is I who saw thee. Darest thou accuse Antagoras of Chios?"
"What at that hour brought Antagoras of Chios to the Temple of Aphrodite?" retorted Gongylus.
The eyes of the Greeks turned toward the young captain,.and
there was confusion on his face. But, recovering himself quickly, the Chian answered, " Why should I blush to own it? Aphrodite is no dishonorable deity to the men of the Ionian Isles. I
sought the temple at that hour, as is our wont, to make my offering and record my prayer."
"Certainly," said Cimon. "We must own that Aphrodite is
powerful at Byzantium. Who can acquit Pausanias and blame
Antagoras?"
"Pardon me —one question," said Gongylus. " Is not the female heart which Antagoras would beseech the goddess to soften toward him that of the Cleonice of whom we spoke? See, he
denies it not. Greeks, the Chians are warm lovers, and warm
lovers are revengeful rivals."
This artful speech had its instantaneous effect among the




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               89
younger and more unthinking loiterers.  Those who at once
would have disbelieved the imputed guilt of Antagoras upon
motives merely political, inclined to a suggestion that ascribed it
to the jealousy of a lover. And his character, ardent and fiery,
rendered the suspicion yet more plausible. Meanwhile the minds
of the audience had been craftily drawn from the grave and main
object of the meeting-the flight of the Persians-and a lighter
and livelier curiosity had supplanted the eager and dark resentment which had hitherto animated the circle. Pausanias, with
the subtle genius that belonged to him, hastened to seize advantage of the momentary diversion in his favor, and before the
Chian could recover his consternation, both at the charge and the
evident effect it had produced upon a part of the assembly, the
Spartan stretched his hand, and spake.
"Greeks, Pausanias listens to no tale of danger to himself.
Willingly he believes that Gongylus either misinterpreted the intent of some jealous and heated threats, or that the words he
overheard were not uttered by Antagoras. Possible is it, too,
that others may have sought the temple with less gentle desires
than our Chian ally. Let this pass. Unworthy such matters of
the councils of bearded men; too much reference has been made
to those follies which our idleness has given birth to. Let no
fair Briseis renew strife among chiefs and soldiers. Excuse not
thyself, Antagoras; we dismiss all charge against thee. On the
other hand, Gongylus will doubtless seem to you to have accounted for his appearance near the precincts of the temple. And it
is but a coincidence, natural enough, that the Persian prisoners
should have chosen, later in the night, the same spot for the steeds
to await them. The thickness of the wood round the temple,
and the direction of the place toward the east, points out the
neighborhood as the very one in which the fugitives would appoint the horses. Waste no further time, but provide at once
for the pursuit. To you, Cimon, be this case confided. Already
have I dispatched fifty light-armed men on fleet Thessalian steeds.
You, Cimon, increase the number of the pursuers. The prisoners
may be yet recaptured. Doth aught else remain worthy of our
ears? If so, speak; if not, depart."




90                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Pausanias," said Antagoras, firmly, " let Gongylus retract, or
not, his charge against me, I retain mine against Gongylus.
Wholly false is it that in word or deed I plotted violence against
thee, though of much-not as Cleonice's lover, but as Grecian
captain-I have good reason to complain. Wholly false is it
that I had a comrade. I was alone. And coming out from the
temple, where I had hung my chaplet, I perceived Gongylus clearly under the starlit skies. He stood in listening attitude close by
the sacred myrtle grove. I hastened toward him, but methinks
he saw me not; he turned slowly, penetrated the wood, and vanished. I gained the spot on the soft sward which the dropping
boughs make ever humid. I saw the print of hoofs. Within
the thicket I found the pearls that Cimon has displayed to you.
Clear, then, is it that this man lies-clear that the Persians must
have fled already-although Gongylus declares that on his return
to the citadel he visited them in their prison.  Explain- this,
Eretrian!"
"He who would speak false witness," answered Gongylus, with
a firmness equal to the Chian's, " can find pearls at whatsoever
hour he pleases. Greeks, this man presses me to renew the charge
which Pausanias generously sought to stifle. I have said. And
I, Governor of Byzantium, call on the council of the Grecian
Leaders to maintain my authority, and protect their own Chief."
Then arose a vexed and perturbed murmur, most of the Ionians
siding with Antagoras, such of the allies as yet clung to the Dorian ascendency grouping round Gongylus.
The persistence of Antagoras had made the dilemma of no
slight embarrassment to Pausanias. Something lofty in his original nature urged him to shrink from supporting Gongylus in
an accusation which he believed untrue. On the other hand, he
could not abandon his accomplice in an effort, as dangerous as it
was crafty, to conceal their common guilt.
" Son of Miltiades," he said, after a brief pause, in which his
dexterous resolution was formed, "I invoke your aid to'appease
a contest in which I foresee no result but that of schism among
ourselves. Antagoras has no witness to support his tale, Gongylus none to support his own. Who shall decide between conflict



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                91'
ing testimonies which rest but on the lips of accuser and accused? Hereafter, if the matter be deemed sufficiently grave, let
us refer the decision to the oracle that never errs.  Time and
chance meanwhile may favor us in clearing up the darkness we
can not now penetrate. For you, Governor of Byzantium, it behooves me to say that the escape of prisoners intrusted to your
charge justifies vigilance, if not suspicion. We shall consult at
our leisure whether or not that course suffices to remove you
from  the government of Byzantium.  Heralds, advance; our
council is dissolved."
With these words Pausanias rose, and the majesty of his bearing,
with the unwonted temper and conciliation of his language, so came
in aid of his high office, that no man ventured a dissentient murmur.
The conclave broke up, and not till its members had gained the
outer air did any signs of suspicion or dissatisfaction evince themselves; but then, gathering in groups, the Ionians with especial
jealousy discussed what had passed, and with their native shrewdness ascribed the moderation of Pausanias to his desire to screen
Gongylus and avoid further inquisition into the flight of the prisoners. The discontented looked round for Cimon, but the young
Athenian had hastily retired from the throng, and, after issuing
orders to pursue the fugitives, sought Aristides in the house near
the quay in which he lodged.
Cimon related to his friend what had passed at the meeting,
and, terminating his recital, said,
" Thou shouldst have been with us. With thee we might have
ventured more."
"And if so," returned the wise Athenian, with a smile, "ye
would have prospered less. Precisely because I would not commit our country to the suspicion of fomenting intrigues and mutiny to her own advantage, did I abstain from the assembly, well
aware that Pausanias would bring his minion harmless from the
unsupported accusation of Antagoras.  Thou hast acted with
cool judgment, Cimon. The Spartan is weaving the webs of the
Parcme for his own feet. Leave him to weave on, undisturbed.
The hour in which- Athens shall assume the sovereignty of the seas
is drawing near. Let it come, like Jove's thunder, in.a calm sky."




92'               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER III.
PAUSANIAS did not that night quit the city. After the meeting, he held a private conference with the Spartan Equals, whom
custom and the government assigned, in appearance as his attendants, in reality as witnesses, if not spies, of his conduct. Though
every pure Spartan, as compared with the subject Laconian population, was noble, the republic acknowledged two main distinctions in class —the higher, entitled Equals, a word which we
might not inaptly and more intelligibly render Peers; the lower,
Inferiors. These distinctions, though hereditary, were not immut —
able. The peer could be degraded, the inferior could become a
peer. To the royal person in war three peers were allotted.
Those assigned to Pausanias, of the tribe called the Hylleans,
were naturally of a rank and influence that constrained him to
treat them with a certain deference, which perpetually chafed his
pride and confirmed his discontent; for these three men were
precisely of the mold which at heart he most despised.  Polydorus, the first in rank — for, like Pausanias, he boasted his descent from HIercules-1was the personification of the rudeness and
bigotry of a Spartan who had never before stirred from his rocky
home, and who disdained all that he could not comprehend.
Gelon, the second, passed for a very wise man, for he seldom
spoke but in monosyllables; yet, probably, his words were as numerous as his ideas. Cleomenes, the third, was as distasteful to
the Regent from his merits as the others from their deficiencies.
He had risen from the grade of the Inferiors by his valor: blunt,
homely, frank, sincere, he never disguised his displeasure at the
manner of Pausanias; though a true Spartan in discipline, he
never transgressed the respect which his chief commanded in
time of war.
Pausanias knew that these officers were in correspondence with




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                93
Sparta, and he now exerted all his powers to remove from their
minds any suspicion which the disappearance of the prisoners
might have left in them.
In this interview he displayed all those great natural powers
which, rightly trained and guided, might have made him not less
great in council than in war. With masterly precision he enlarged on the growing ambition of Athens, on the disposition in
her favor evinced by all the Ionian confederates. "Hitherto," he
said truly, " Sparta has uniformly held rank as the first state of
Greece; the leadership of the Greeks belongs to us by birth and
renown. But see you not that the war is now shifting from land
to sea? Sea is not our element; it is that of Athens, of all the
Ionian race. If this continue, we lose our ascendency, and Athens becomes the sovereign of Hellas. Beneath the calm of Aristides I detect his deep design. In vain Cimon affects the manner
of the Spartan; at heart he is Athenian. This charge against
Gongylus is aimed at me. Grant that the plot which it conceals
succeed; grant that Sparta share the affected suspicions of the
Ionians, and recall me from Byzantium; deem you that there
lives one Spartan who could delay for a day the supremacy of
Athens? Naught save the respect the Dorian Greeks at least attach to the General at Platoea could restrain the secret ambition
oT the city of the demagogues. Deem not that I have been as
rash and vain as some hold me for the stern visage I have shown
to the Ionians. Trust me that it was necessary to awe them,
with a view to maintain our majesty. For Sparta to preserve her
ascendency two things are needful: first, to continue the war by
land; secondly, to disgust the Ionians with their sojourn here,
send them with their ships to their own havens, and so leave
Hellas under the sole guardianship of ourselves and our Peloponnesian allies. Therefore I say, bear with me in this double design; chide me not if my haughty manner disperse these subtle
Ionians. If I bore with them  to-day, it was less from respect
than, shall I say it, my fear lest you should misinterpret me. Beware how you detail to Sparta whatever might rouse the jealousy
of her government. Trust to me, and I will extend the dominion
of Sparta till it grasp the whole of Greece. We will depose ev



94                PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
erywhere the revolutionary Demos, and establish our own oligarchies in every Grecian state. We will Laconize all Hellas."
Much of what Pausanias said was wise and profound. Such
statesmanship, narrow and congenial, but vigorous and crafty,
Sparta taught in later years to her alert politicians. And we
have already seen that, despite the dazzling prospects of Oriental
dominion, he as yet had separated himself rather from the laws
than the interests of Sparta, and still incorporated his own ambition with the extension of the sovereignty of his country over
the rest of Greece.
But the peers heard him in dull and gloomy silence; and not till
he had paused and thrice asked for a reply did Polydorus speak.' You would increase the dominion of Sparta, Pausanias.' Increase of dominion is waste of life and treasure. We have few
men, little gold; Sparta is content to hold her own."
"Good," said Gelon, with impassive countenance.  "What
care we who leads the Greeks into blows? The fewer blows the
better. Brave men fight if they must; wise men never fight if
they can help it."
"And such is your counsel, Cleomenes?" asked Pausanias, with
a quivering lip.
"Not from the same reasons," answered the nobler and more
generous Spartan. "I presume not to question your motives,
Pausanias. I leave you to explain them to the Ephors and the
Gerusia. But since you press me, this I say. First, all the
Greeks, Ionian as well as Dorian, fought equally against the Mede,
and from the commander of the Greeks all should receive fellowship and courtesy. Secondly, I say if Athens is better fitted
than Sparta for the maritime ascendency, let Athens rule, so that
Hellas be saved from the Mede. Thirdly, O Pausanias, I pray
that Sparta may rest satisfied with her own institutions, and not
disturb the peace of Greece by forcing them upon other states,
and thereby enslaving Hellas. What more could the Persian do?
Finally, my advice is to suspend Gongylus from his office, to conciliate the Ionians, to remain as a Grecian armament firm and
united, and so procure, on better terms, peace with Persia. And
then let each state retire within itself, and none aspire to rule the




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTA-N.               95
other. A thousand free cities are better guard against the Barbarian than a single state made up of republics overthrown and
resting its strength upon hearts enslaved.'?
"Do you too," said Pausanias, gnawing his nether lip, " do you
too, Polydorus; you too, Gelon, agree with Cleomenes, that, if
Athens is better fitted than Sparta for the sovereignty of the seas,
we should yield to that restless rival so perilous a power?"
~ "Ships cost gold," said Polydorus; "Spartans have none to
spare. Mariners require skillful captains; Spartans know nothing
of the sea."
" Moreover," quoth Gelon, "the ocean is a terrible element.
What can valor do against a storm? We may lose more men by
adverse weather than a century can repair. Let who will have
the seas. Sparta has her rocks and defiles."
" Men and Peers," said Pausanias, ill repressing his scorn, "ye
little dream what arms ye place in the hands of the Athenians.
I have done. Take only this prophecy: You are now the head
of Greece. You surrender your sceptre to Athens, and become a
second-rate power."'Never second-rate when Greece shall demand armed men,"
said Cleomenes, proudly.
"Armed men, armed men!" cried the more profound Pausanias. "Do you suppose that commerce-that trade-that maritime energy-that fleets which ransack the shores of the world,
will not obtain a power greater than mere brute-like valor? But
as ye will, as ye will."
"As we speak, our forefathers thought," said Gelon.
"And, Pausanias," said Cleomenes, gravely, "as we speak, so
think the Ephors."
Pausanias fixed his dark eye on Cleomenes, and, after a brief
pause, saluted the Equals and withdrew. " Sparta," he muttered,
as he regained, his chamber, " Sparta, thou refusest to be great;
but greatness is necessary to thy son. Ah, their iron laws would
constrain my soul! but it shall wear them as a warrior wears his
armor and adapts it to his body. Thou shalt be queen of all
Hellas, despite thyself, thine Ephors, and thy laws. Then only
will I forgive thee."




96                PAUSANIAS, THE. SPARTAN.
CHAPTER IV.
DIAGORAS was sitting outside his door and giving various instructions to the slaves employed on his farm, when, through an
arcade thickly covered with the vine, the light form of Antagoras
came slowly in sight.
" Hail to thee, Diagoras!" said the Chian; "thou art the only
wise man I meet with. Thou art tranquil while all else are disturbed; and, worshiping the great Mother, thou carest naught,
methinks, for the Persian who invades or the Spartan who professes to defend."
"Tut 1" said Diagoras, in a whisper; "thou knowest the contrary: thou knowest that if the Persian comes, I am ruined;
and, by the gods, I am on a bed of thorns as long as the Spartan
stays."
"Dismiss thy slaves," exclaimed Antagoras, in the same undertone; "I would speak with thee on grave matters that concern
us both."
After hastily finishing his instructions and dismissing his
slaves, Diagoras turned to the impatient Chian, and said,
" Now, young warrior, I am all ears for thy speech.'"
"Truly," said Antagoras, "if thou wert aware of what I am
about to utter, thou wouldst not have postponed consideration
for thy daughter to thy care for a few jars of beggarly olives."
"Hem!" said Diagoras, peevishly.  "Olives are not to be despised: oil to the limbs makes them supple; to the stomach it
gives gladness. Oil, moreover, bringeth money, when sold. But
a daughter is the plague of a man's life. First, one has to keep
away lovers; and, next, to find a husband; and when all is done,
one has to put one's hand in one's chest, and pay a tall fellow
like thee for robbing one of one's own child. That custom of
dowries is abominable. In the good old times a bridegroom, as




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               97
was meet and proper, paid for his bride; now we poor fathers
pay him for taking her. Well, well, never bite thy forefinger,
and curl up thy brows. What thou hast to say, say."
""Diagoras, I know that thy heart is better than thy speech,
and that, much as thou covetest money, thou lovest thy child
more. KnQw, then, that Pausanias —a curse light on him!brings shame upon Cleonice. Know that already her name hath
grown the talk of the camp. Know that his visit to her the
night before last was proclaimed in the Council of the Captains
as a theme for jest and rude laughter. By the head of Zens,
how thinkest thou to profit by the stealthy wooings of this blackbrowed Spartan? Knowest thou not that his laws forbid him to
marry Cleonice? Wouldst thou have him dishonor her? Speak
out to him as thou speakest to men, and tell him that the maidens of Byzantium are not in the control of the General of the
Greeks."' Youth, youth," cried Diagoras, greatly agitated, "wouldst
thou bring my gray hairs to a bloody grave? Wouldst thou see,
my daughter reft from me by force, and-"
" How darest thou speak thus, old man?" interrupted the indignant Chian. "If Pausanias wronged a virgin, all Hellas would
rise against him."
"Yes, but not till the ill were done, till my throat were cut,
and my child dishonored. Listen. At first, indeed, when, as
ill-luck would have it, Pausanias, lodging a few days under my
roof, saw and admired Cleonice, I did venture to remonstrate;
and how think you he took it?'Never,' quoth he, with his
stern, quivering lip,'never did conquest forego its best right to
the smiles of beauty. The legends of Hercules, my ancestor, tell
thee that to him who labors for men, the gods grant the love of
women. Fear not that I should wrong thy daughter; to woo
her is not to wrong. But close thy door on me; immure Cleonice from my sight; and nor armed slaves, nor bolts, nor bars
shall keep love from the loved one.' Therewith he turned on his
heel and left me. But the next day came a Lydian in his train,
with a goodly pannier of rich stuffs and a short Spartan sword.
On the pannier was written'Friendship;' on the sword,' Wrath;'
5




98               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
and Alcman gave me a scrap of parchment, whereon, with the
cursed brief wit of a Spartan, was inscribed'Choose!'' Who
could doubt which to take? who, by the gods, would prefer three
inches of Spartan iron in his stomach to- a basketful of rich stuffs
for his shoulders? Wherefore, from that hour, Pausanias comes
as he lists. But Cleonice humors him not, let tongues wag as
they may. Easer to take three cities than that child's heart."
" Is it so, indeed?" exclaimed the Chian, joyfully.  "Cleonice
loves him not?"
"Laughs at him to his beard; that is, would laugh if he wore
one."
" 0 Diagoras!" cried Antagoras, "hear me, hear me. I need
not remind thee that our families are united by the hospitable
ties; that among thy treasures thou wilt find the gifts of my
ancestors for five generations; that when, a year since, my affairs
brought me to Byzantium, I came to thee with the symbols of
my right to claim thy hospitable cares. On leaving thee, we
broke the sacred die. I have one half, thou the other. In that
visit I saw and loved Cleonice. Fain would I have told my love,
but then my fatherlived, and I feared lest he should oppose my
suit; therefore, as became me, I was silent. On my return home,
my fears were confirmed; my father desired that I, a Chian,
should wed a Chian. Since I have been with the fleet, news has
reached me that the urn holds my father's ashes."  Here the
young Chian paused. "Alas! alas!" he murmured, smiting his
breast, " and I was not at hand to fix over thy doors the sacred
branch, to give thee the parting kiss, and receive into my lips thy
latest breath! May Hermes, 0 father, have led thee to pleasant
groves!"
Diagoras, who had listened attentively to the young Chian, was
touched by his grief, and said, pityingly:
"I know thou art a good son, and thy father was a worthy
man, though harsh. It is a comfort to think that all does not
die with the dead. His money at least survives him."
"But," resumed Antagoras, not heeding this consolation"but now I am free; and ere this, so soon as my mourning garment had been laid aside, I had asked thee to bless me with Cleo



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              99
nice, but that I feared her love was gone-gone to the haughty
Spartan. Thou re-assurest me; and, in so doing, thou confirmest
the fair omens with which Aphrodite has received my offerings.
Therefore, I speak out. No dowry ask I with Cleonice, save
such, more in name than amount, as may distinguish the wife
from the concubine, and assure her an honored place among my
kinsmen. Thou knowest I am rich; thou knowest that my birth
dates from the oldest citizens of Chios. Give me thy child, and
deliver her thyself at once from the Spartan's power. Once
mine, all the fleets of Hellas are her protection, and our marriagetorches are the swords of a Grecian army. O Diagoras, I clasp
thy knees; put thy right hand in mine. Give me thy child as
wife!"
The Byzantine was strongly affected. The suitor was one
who, in birth and possessions, was all that he could desire for
his daughter; and at Byzantium there did not exist that feeling
against intermarriages with the foreigner which prevailed in
towns more purely Greek, though in many of them, too, that
antique prejudice had worn away. On the other hand, by transferring to Antagoras his anxious charge, he felt that he should
take the best course to preserve it untarnished from the fierce
love of Pausanias, and there was truth in the Chian's suggestion.
The daughter of a Byzantine might be unprotected; the wife of
an Ionian captain was safe, even from the power of Pausanias.
As these reflections occurred to him, he placed his right hand in
the Chian's, and said:
"Be it as thou wilt; I consent to betroth thee to Cleonice.
Follow me; thou art free to woo her."
So saying, he rose, and, as if in fear of his own second thoughts,
he traversed the hall with hasty strides to the interior of the mansion. He ascended a flight of steps, and, drawing aside a curtain
suspended between two columns, Antagoras, who followed timidly
behind, beheld Cleonice.
As was the wont in the domestic life of all Grecian states, her
handmaids were around the noble'irgin. Two were engaged on
embroidery, one in spinning, a fourth was reading aloud to Cleonice, and that at least was a rare diversion to women, for few had




100              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
the education of the fair Byzantine. Cleonice herself was half
reclined upon a bench inlaid with ivory and covered with cushions; before her stood a small tripod table on which she leaned
the arm the hand of which supported her cheek, and she seemed
listening to the lecture of the slave with earnest and absorbed attention, so earnest, so absorbed, that she did riot for some moments perceive the entrance of Diagoras and- the Chian.
"Child," said the former — and Cleonice started to her feet,
and stood modestly before her father, her eyes downcast, her arms
crossed upon her bosom —" child, I bid thee welcome my guestfriend, Antagoras of Chios. Slaves, ye may withdraw."
Cleonice bowed her head; and an unquiet, anxious change
came over her countenance.
As soon as the slaves were gone, Diagoras resumed:
" Daughter, I present to thee a suitor for thy hand. Receive
him as I have done, and he shall have my leave to carve thy
name on every tree in the garden, with the lover's epithet of'Beautiful' attached to it. Antagoras, look up, then, and speak
for thyself."
But Antagoras was silent; and a fear unknown to his frank,
hardy nature came over him. With an arch smile, Diagoras, deeming his presence no longer necessary or expedient, lifted the curtain, and lover and maid were left alone.
Then, with an effort, and still with hesitating accents, the Chian spoke:
"Fair virgin, not in the groves of Byzantium will thy name be
first written by the hand of Antagoras.  In my native Chios the
myrtle-trees are already eloquent of thee. Since I first saw thee,
I loved. Maiden, wilt thou be my wife a"
Thrice moved the lips of Cleonice, and thrice her voice seemed
to fail her. At length she said, " Chian, thou art a stranger, and
the laws of the Grecian cities dishonor the stranger whom the
free citizen stoops to marry."
"Nay," cried Antagoras, " such cruel laws are obsolete in Chios.
Nature and custom, and love's almighty goddess, long since have set
them aside. Fear not, the haughtiest matron of my native state':ill not be more honored than the Byzantium bride of Antagoras."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN..101
"Is it in Sparta only that such laws exist?" said Cleonice, half
unconsciously, and to the sigh with which she spoke a deep blush
succeeded.
"Sparta!" exclaimed Antagoras, with a fierce and jealous pang
-" ah, are thy thoughts, then, upon the son of Sparta? Were
Pausanias a Chian, wouldst thou turn from him scornfully as thou
now dost from me?"
"Not scornfully, Antagoras," answered Cleonice (who had indeed averted her face at his reproachful question; but now turned
it full upon him, with an expression of sad and pathetic sweetness), " not scornfully do I turn from thee, though with pain; for
what worthier homage canst thou render to woman than honorable love? Gratefully do I hearken to the suit that comes from
thee; but gratitude is not the return thou wouldst ask, Antagoras.
My hand is my father's; my heart, alas! is mine. Thou mayst
claim from him the one; the other, neither he can give, nor thou
receive."
" Say not so, Cleonice," cried the Chian; "say not that thou
canst not love me, if so I am to interpret thy words. Love brings
love with the young. How canst thou yet know thine own heart?
Tarry till thou hast listened to mine. As the fire on the altar
spreads from offering to offering, so spreads love; its flame envelops all that are near to it. Thy heart will catch the heavenly
spark from mine."
" Chian," said Cleonice, gently withdrawing the hand that he
sought to clasp, " when as my father's guest-friend thou wert a sojourner within these walls, oft have I heard thee speak, and all thy
words spoke the thoughts of a noble soul. Were it otherwise, not
thus would I now address thee. Didst thou love gold, and wooed
in me but the child of the rich Diagoras, or wert thou one of those
who would treat for a wife, as a trader for a slave, invoking Hiere,
but disdaining Aphrodite, I should bow my head to my doom.
But thou, Antagoras, iskest love for love; this I can not give
thee. Spare me, 0 generous Chian. Let not my father enforce
his-right to my obedience."
"Answer me but one question," interrupted Antagoras in a low
voice, though with compressed lips, " dost thou, then, love another?"




102               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
The blood mounted to the virgin's cheeks, it suffused her brow,
her neck, with burning blushes, and then, receding, left her face
colorless as a statue. Then with tones low and constrained as
his own, she pressed her hand on her heart, and replied, "Thou
sayest it; I love another."
"And that other is Pausanias. Alas! thy silence, thy trembling, answer me."
Antagoras groaned aloud, and covered his face with his hands;
but after a short pause he exclaimed, with great emotion, "No,
no-say not that thou lovest Pausanias; say not that Aphrodite
hath so accursed thee: for to love Pausanias is to love dishonor."
"Hold, Chian!  Not so; for my love has no hope.  Our
hearts are not our own, but our actions are."
Antagoras gazed on her with suspense and awe; for as she
spoke her slight form dilated, her lip curled, her cheek glowed
again, but with the blush less of love than of pride. In her
countenance, her attitude, there was something divine and holy,
such as would have beseemed a priestess of Diana.
"Yes," she resumed, raising her eyes, and with a still and
mournful sweetness in her upraised features.  "What I love is
not Pausanias, it is the glory of which he is the symbol, it is the
Greece of which he has been the savior. Let him depart, as soon
he must-let these eyes behold him no more; still there exists
for me all that exists now-a name, a renown, a dream. Never
for me may the nuptial Lymn resound, or the marriage-torch be
illumined. 0 goddess of the silver bow,.0 chaste and venerable
Artemis! receive, protect thy servant; and ye, 0 funereal gods,
lead me soon, lead the virgin unreluctant to the shades."
A superstitious fear, a dread as if his earthly love would violate something sacred, chilled the ardor of the young Chian; and
for several moments both were silent.
At length, Antagoras, kissing the hem of her robe, said:
"Maiden of Byzantium, like thee, then, I will love, though
without hope. I will not, I dare not, profane thy presence by
prayers which pain thee, and seem to me, having heard thee,
almost guilty, as if proffered to some nymph circling in choral
dance the moonlit mountain-tops of Delos. But ere I depart,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             103.
and tell thy father that my suit is over, oh, place at least thy
right hand in mine, and swear to me, not the bride's vow of faith
and troth, but that vow which a virgin sister may pledge to a
brother, mindful to protect and to avenge her. Swear to me,
that if this haughty. Spartan, contemning alike men, laws, and
the household gods, should seek to constrain thy purity to his
will; if thou shouldst have cause to tremble at power and force;
and fierce desire should demand what gentle love would but reverently impl6re-then, Cleonice, seeing how little thy father can
defend thee, wilt thou remember Antagoras, and through him
summon around thee all the majesty of Hellas? Grant me but
this-prayer, and I leave thee, if in sorrow, yet not with terror."
"Generous and noble Chian," returned Cleonice, as her tears
fell upon the hand he extended to her, " why, why do I so ill repay thee?  Thy love is indeed that which ennobles the heart
that yields it, and her who shall one day recompense thee for the
loss of me. Fear not the power of Pausanias: dream not that I
shall need a defender, while above us reign the gods, and below
us lies the grave. Yet, to appease thee, take my right hand, and
hear my oath: If the hour comes when I have need of man's
honor against man's wrong, I will call on Antagoras as a brother."
Their hands closed in each other; and, not trusting himself to
speech, Antagoras turned away his face and left the room.




104              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER V.
FOR some days, an appearance, at least, of harmony was restored
to the contending factions in the Byzantine camp.
Pausanias did not dismiss Gongylus from the government of
the city; but he sent, one by one, for the more important of the
Ionian complainants, listened to their grievances, and promised
redress.  He adopted a more popular and gracious demeanor,
and seemed, with a noble grace, to submit to the policy of conciliating the allies.
But discontent arose from causes beyond his power, had he
genuinely exerted it, to remove. For it was a discontent that lay
in the hostility of race to race. Though the Spartan Equals had
preached courtesy to the Ionians, the ordinary manner of the
Spartan warriors was invariably offensive to the vain and susceptible confederates of a more polished race. A Spartan, wherever
he might be placed, unconsciously assumed superiority. -The
levity of an Ionian was ever displeasing to him. Out of the.
actual battle -field, they could have no topics in common, none
which did not provoke irritation and dispute. On the other
hand, most of the Ionians could ill conceal their disaffection,
mingled with something of just contempt at the notorious and
confessed incapacity of the Spartans for maritime affairs, while
a Spartan was yet the commander of the fleet. And many of
them, wearied with inaction and anxious to return home, were
willing to seize any reasonable pretext for desertion. In this last
motive lay the real strength and safety of Pausanias. And to
this end his previous policy of arrogance was not so idle as it had 
seemed to the Greeks, and appears still in the page of history.
For a Spartan really anxious to preserve the pre-eminence of his
country, and to prevent the sceptre of the seas passing to Athens,
could have devised no plan of action more sagacious and profound




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             105
than one which would disperse the Ionians, and the Athenians
themselves, and reduce the operations of the Grecian force to that
land warfare in which the Spartan pre-eminence was equally indisputable and undisputed. And still Pausanias, even in his change
of manner, plotted and intrigued and hoped for this end. Could
he once sever from the encampment the Athenians and the Ionian
allies, and yet remain with his own force at Byzantium until the
Persian army could collect on the Phrygian frontier, the way
seemed clear to his ambition. Under ordinary circumstances, in
this object he might easily have succeeded. But it chanced that
all his schemes were met with invincible mistrust by those in
whose interest they were conceived, and on whose co-operation
they depended for success. The means adopted by Pausanias in
pursuit of his policy were too distasteful to the national prejudices of the Spartan government, to enable him to elicit from the,national ambition of that government sufficient sympathy with
the object of it. The more he felt himself uncomprehended and
mistrusted by his countrymen, the biore personal became the
character, and the more unscrupulous the course, of his ambition.
Unhappily for Pausanias, moreover, the circumstances which
chafed his pride also thwarted the satisfaction of his affections;
and his criminal ambition was stimulated by that less guilty passion which shared with it the mastery of a singularly turbulent
and impetuous soul. Not his the love of sleek, gallant, and wanton youth; it was the love of man in his mature years, but of
man to whom love till then had been unknown. In that large
and dark and stormy nature, all passions, once admitted, took the
growth of Titans. He loved as those long lonely at heart alone
can love; he loved as love the unhappy when the unfamiliar
bliss of the sweet human emotion descends like dew upon the
desert. To him Cleonice was a'creature wholly out of the range
of experience. Differing in every shade of her versatile humor
from the only women he had known-the simple, sturdy, uneducated maids and matrons of Sparta-her softness enthralled him,
her anger awed. In his dreams of future power, of an absolute
throne and unlimited dominion, Pausanias beheld the fair Byzantine crowned by his side. Fiercely as he loved, and little as the
5*




106               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
sentiment of love mingled with his passion, he yet thought not to
dishonor a victim, but to elevate a bride. What though the laws
of Sparta were against such nuptials, was not the hour approaching when these laws should be trampled under his armed heel?
Since- the contract with the Persians, which Gongylus assured him
Xerxes would joyously and promptly fulfill, Pausanias already
felt, in a soul whose arrogance arose from the consciousness of
powers that had not yet found their field, as if he were not the
subject of Sparta, but her lord and king. In his interviews with
Cleonice, his language took a tone of promise and of hope that
at times lulled.her fears, and communicated its sanguine colorings of the future to her own dreams. With the elasticity of
youth her spirits rose from the solemn despondency with which
she had replied to the reproaches of Antagoras. For though
Pausanias spoke not openly of his schemes, though his words
were mysterious, and his replies to her questions ambiguous and
equivocal, still it seemed to her, seeing in him the hero of all
iellas, so natural that he could make the laws of Sparta yield to
the weight of his authority, or relax in homage to his renown,
that she indulged the belief that his influence would set aside the
iron customs of his country. Was it too extravagant a reward
to the conqueror of the Mede to suffer him to select at least the
partner of his hearth? No, Hope was not dead in that young
breast. Still might she be the bride of him whose glory had
dazzled her noble and sensitive nature, till the faults that darkened it were lost in the blaze. Thus, insensibly to herself, her
tones became softer to her stern lover, and her heart betrayed i1ts
self more in her gentle looks. Yet again were there times when
doubt and alarm returned with more than their earlie forcetimes when, wrapped in his lurid and absorbing ambition, Pausanias escaped from his usual suppressed reserve-times when she
recalled that night in which she had witnessed his interview with
the strangers of the East, and had trembled lest the altar should
be kindled upon the ruins of his fame. For Cleonice was wholly, ardently, sublimely Greek, filled in each crevice of her soul
with its lovely poetry, its beautiful superstition, its heroic freedom. As Greek, she had loved Pausanias, seeing in him the lofty




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              107
incarnation of Greece itself. The descendant of the demi-god,
the champion of Platea, the savior of Hellas-theme for song till
song should be no more-these attributes were what she beheld
and loved; and not to have reigned by his side over a world,
would she have welcomed one object of that evil ambition which
renounced the loyalty of a Greek for the supremacy of a king.
Meanwhile, though Antagoras had, with no mean degree of
generosity, relinquished his suit to Cleonice, he detected with a
jealous vigilance the continued visits of Pausanias, and burned
with increasing hatred against his favored and powerful rivaL
Though, in common with all the Greeks out of the Peloponnesus,
he was very imperfectly acquainted with the Spartan constitution,
he could not be blinded, like Cleonice, into the belief that a law
so fundamental in Sparta, and so general in all the primitive states
of Greece, as that which forbade intermarriage with a foreigner,
could be canceled for the Regent of Sparta, and in favor of an
obscure maiden of Byzantium. Every visit Pausanias paid to
Cleonice but served, in his eyes, as a prelude to her ultimate dishonor. He lent himself, therefore, with all the zeal of his vivacious and ardent character, to the design of removing Pausanias
himself from Byzantium. He plotted with the implacable Uliades and the other Ionian captains to send to Sparta a formal
mission, stating their grievances against the Regent and urging
his recall. But the altered manner of Pausanias deprived them
of their just pretext; and the Ionians, more and more under
the influence of the Athenian chief, were disinclined to so exIreme a measure without the consent of Aristides and Cimon.
These two chiefs were not passive spectators of affairs so critical to thleir ambition for Athens —they penetrated into the
motives of Pausanias in the novel courtesy of demeanor that
he adopted, and they foresaw that if he could succeed in wearing
away the patience of the allies and dispersing the fleet, yet without giving occasion for his own recall, the golden opportunity
of securing to Athens the maritime ascendency would be lost.
They resolved, therefore, to make the occasion which the wiles
of the Regent had delayed; and toward this object Antagoras,
moved by his own jealous hate against Pausanias, worked inces



[08               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
santly. Fearless and vigilant, he was ever on the watch for some
new charge against the Spartan chief, ever relentless in stimulating suspicion, aggravating discontent, inflaming the fierce, and
arguing with the timid. His less exalted station allowed him to
mix more familiarly with the various Ionian officers than would
have become the high-born Cimon, and the dignified repute of
Aristides. Seeking to distract his mind from the haunting
thought of Cleonice, he flung himself with the ardor of his Greek
temperament into the social pleasures, which took a zest from
the design that he carried into them all. In the banquets, in the
sports, he was ever seeking to increase the enemies of his rival;
and where he charmed a gay companion, there he often enlisted
a bold conspirator.
Pausanias, the unconscious or the careless object of the Ionian's jealous hate, could not resist the fatal charm of Cleonice's
presence; and if it sometimes exasperated the more evil elements
of his nature, at other times it so lulled them to rest, that had
the Fates given him  the rightful claim to that single treasure,
not one guilty thought might have disturbed the majesty of a
soul which, though undisciplined and uncultured, owed half its
turbulence and half its rebellious pride to its baffled yearnings.
for human affection and natural joy. And Cleonice, unable to
shun the visits which her weak and covetous father, despite his
promised favor to the suit of Antagoras, still encouraged; and
feeling her honor, at least, if not her peace, was secured by that
ascendency which, with each successive interview between them,
her character more and more asserted over the Spartan's higher
nature, relinquished the tormenting levity of tone whereby she
had once sought to elude his earnestness, or conceal her own
sentiments. An interest in a fate so solemn, an interest far deeper than mere human love, stole into her heart and elevated its instincts. She recognized the immense compassion which was due
to the man so desolate at the head of armaments, so dark in the
midst of glory. Centuries roll, customs change, but, ever since
the time of the earliest mother, woman yearns to be the soother.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              109
CHAPTER VI.
IT was the hour of the day when between the two principal
meals of the Greeks men surrendered themselves to idleness or
pleasure; when groups formed in the market-place, or crowded
the barbers' shops, to'gossip and talk of news; when the taleteller or ballad-singer collected round him on the quays his credulous audience; when on playgrounds that stretched behind the
taverns or without the walls the more active youths assembled,
and the quoit was hurled, or mimic battles waged with weapons
of wood; or the Dorians weaved their simple, the Ionians their
more intricate or less decorous, dances. At that hour Lysander,
wandering from the circles of his countrymen, walked musingly
by the sea-shore.
"And why," said the voice of a person who had approached
him unperceived, "and why, O Lysander, art thou absent from
thy comrades, thou model and theme of the youths of Sparta,
foremost in their manly sports, as in their martial labors?"
Lysander turned and bowed low his graceful head, for he who
accosted him was scarcely more honored by the Athenians, whom
his birth, his wealth, and his popular demeanor dazzled, than by
the plain sons of Sparta, who, in his simple garb, his blunt and
hasty manner, his professed admiration for all things Spartan, beheld one'Athenian at least congenial to their tastes.
"The child that misses its mother," answered Lysander, "has
small joy with its playmates. And I, a Spartan, pine for Sparta."
"Truly," returned Cimon, " there must be charms in thy noble
country of which we other Greeks know but little, if amidst all
the luxuries and delights of Byzantium thou canst pine for her
rugged hills. And although, as thou knowest well, I was once
a sojourner in thy city as embassador from my own, yet to foreigners so little of the inner Spartan life is revealed, that I pray




110               PATUSANIAS5 THE SPARTAN.
thee to satisfy my. curiosity and explain to me the charm that
reconciles thee and thine to institutions which seem to the Ionians
at war with the pleasures and the graces of social life."*
" Ill can the native of one land explain to the son of another
why he loves it," returned Lysander.  "That which the Ionian
calls pleasure is to me but tedious vanity; that which he calls
grace is to me but enervate levity. Me it pleases to find the day,
from sunrise to night, full of occupations that leave no languor,
that employ, but not excite. For the morning, our gymnasia; our
military games, the chase-diversions that brace the limbs and
leave us in peace fit for war —diversions -Which, unlike the brawls
of the wordy Agora, bless us with the calm mind and clear spirit
resulting from vigorous habits, and insuring jocund health. Noon
brings our simple feast, shared in public, enlivened by jest; late
at eve we collect in our Leschoa, and the winter nights seem short,
listening to the old men's talk of our sires and heroes. To us
life is one serene yet active holiday. No Spartan condescends to
labor, yet no Spartan can womanize himself by ease. For us, too,
differing from you Ionian Greeks, for us women, are companions,
not slaves. Man's youtTi is passed under the eyes and in the presence of those from whom he may select, as his heart inclines, the
future mother of his children. Not for us your feverish and mis* Alexander, King of Macedon, had visited the Athenians with
overtures of peace and alliance from Xerxes and Mardonius. These
overtures were confined to the Athenians alone, and the Spartans
were fearful lest they should be accepted. The Athenians, however,
generously refused them. Gold, said they, hath no amount, earth no
territory how beautiful soever that could tempt the Athenians to accept conditions from the Mede for the servitude of Greece. On this
the Persians invaded Attica, and the Athenians, after waiting in vain
for promised aid from Sparta, took refuge at Salamis. Meanwhile,
they had sent messengers or embassadors to Sparta, to remonstrate on
the violation of their agreement in delaying succor. This chanced at
the very time when, by the death of his father, Cleombrotus, Pausanias became Regent Slowly, and after much hesitation, the Spartans
sent them aid under Pausanias. Two -of the embassadors were Arise
tides and Cimon.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              111
erable ambitions, the intrigues of demagogues, the drudgery of the
mart, the babble of the populace; we alone know'the quiet repose
of heart. That which I see everywhere else, the gnawing strife of
passion, visits not the stately calmn of the Spartan life. We have
the leisure, not of the body alone, but of the soul. Equality with
us is the all in all, and we know not that jealous anguish-the desire to rise one above the other. We busy ourselves not in making wealth, in ruling mobs, in ostentatious rivalries of state, and
gaud, and power-struggles without an object. When we struggle, it is for an end. Nothing moves us from our calm but danger to Sparta, or woe to Hellas. Harmony, peace, and orderthese are the graces of our social life. Pity us, O Athenian!"
Cimon had listened with profound attention to a speech unusually prolix and descriptive for a Spartan; and he sighed deeply
as it closed. For that young Athenian, destined to so renowned
a place in the history of his country, was, despite his popular
manners, no favorer of the popular passions. Lofty and calm,
and essentially an aristocrat by nature and opinion, this picture
of a life unruffled by the restless changes of democracy, safe and
aloof from the shifting humors of the multitude, charmed and allured him. He forgot for the moment those counter-propensities
which made him still Athenian-the taste for magnificence, the
love of women, and the desire of rule. His busy schemes slept
within him, and he answered:' " Happy is the Spartan who thinks with you. Yet," he added, after a pause, "yet own that there are among you many to
whom the life you describe has ceased to proffer the charms that
inthrall you, and who envy the more diversified and exciting existence of surrounding states. Lysander's eulogiums shame his
chief, Pausanias."
" It is not for me, nor for thee, whose years scarce exceed my
own, to judge of our elders in renown," said Lysander, with a
slight shade over his calmn brow.  "Pausanias will surely be
found still a Spartan, when Sparta needs him; and the heart of
the Heracleid beats under the robe of the Mede."
"Be frank with me, Lysander; thou knowest that my own
countrymen often jealously accuse me of loving Sparta too well




112              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
I imitate, say they, the manners and dress of the Spartan, as Pausanias those of the Mede. Trust me, then, and bear with me,
when I say that Pausanias ruins-the cause of Sparta. If he tarry
here longer in the command, he will render all the allies enemies
to thy country. Already' he has impaired his fame and dimmed
his laurels; already, despite his pretexts and excuses, we perceive
that his whole nature is corrupted. Recall him to Sparta while
it is yet time-time to reconcile the Greeks with Sparta, time to
save the hero of Plataea from the contaminations of the East.
Preserve his own glory, dearer to thee as his special friend than
to all men, yet dear to me, though an Athenian, from the memory of the deeds which delivered Hellas."
Cimon spoke with the blunt and candid eloquence natural to
him, and to which his manly countenance and earnest tone and
character for truth gave singular effect.
Lysander remained long silent. At length he said: "I neither
deny nor assent to thine arguments, son of Miltiades. The Ephors
alone can judge of their wisdom."
"But if we address them, by message, to the Ephors, thou and
the nobler Spartans will not resent our remonstrances?"
"All that injures Pausanias, Lysander will resent. Little know
I of the fables of poets, but Homer is at least as familiar to the
Dorian as to the- Ionian, and I think with him that between
friends there is but one love and one anger."
"Then are the frailties of Pausanias dearer to thee than his
fame, or Pausanias himself tearer to thee than Sparta-the erring brother than the venerable mother."
Lysander's voice died on his lips; the reproof struck home to
him. He turned away his face, and, with a slow wave of his
hand, seemed to implore forbearance. Cimon was touched by
the action and the generous embarrassment of the Spartan; he
saw, too, that he had left in the mind he had addressed thoughts
that might work as he had designed; and he judged by the effect produced on Lysander what influence the same arguments
might effect addressed to others less under the control of personal friendship. Therefore, with a few gentle words, he turned
aside, continued his way, and left Lysander alone.




PAUSANIAS, TIIE SPARTAN.            113
Entering the town, the Athenian threaded his path through
some of the narrow lanes and alleys that wound from the quays
toward the citadel, avoiding the broader and more frequented
streets. The course he took was such as rendered it little probable that he should encounter any of the higher classes, and especially the Spartans, who from their constitutional pride shunned
the resorts of the populace. - But as he came nearer the citadel,
stray Helots were seen at times emerging from the inns and drinking-houses, and these stopped short and inclined low if they caught
sight of him at a distance; for his hat and staff, his majestic stature and composed step, made them take him for a Spartan.
One of these slaves, however, emerging suddenly from a house
close by which Cimon passed, recognized him, and, retreating
within abruptly, entered a room in which a man sat alone, and
seemingly in profound thought; his cheek rested on one hand,
with the other he leaned upon a small lyre; his eyes were bent
on the ground, and he started, as a man does dream-like from a
reverie, when the Helot touched him, and said abruptly, and in a
tone of surprise and inquiry,
"Cimon the Athenian is ascending the hill toward the Spartan
quarter."
"The Spartan quarter! Cimon!" exclaimed Aleman, for it
was he. "Give me thy cap and hide."
Hastily enduing himself in these rough garments, and drawing
the cap over his face, the Mothon hurried to the threshold, and,
seeing the Athenian at the distance, followed his footsteps, though,
with the skill of a man used to ambush, he kept himself unseen
-now under the projecting roofs of the houses, now skirting the
wall, which, heavy with buttresses, led. toward the outworks of the
citadel. And with such success did he pursue his track that when Cimon paused at last at the place of his destination, and gave one vigilant and searching glance around him, he detected no living form.
He had then reached a small space of table-land on which stood
a few trees of great age-all that time and the encroachments of
the citadel and the town had spared of the sacred grove which
formerly surrounded a rude and primitive temple, the gray columns of which gleamed through the heavy foliage. Passing, with




114              PAUSANIAS, THE: SPARTAN.
a slow and cautious step, under the thick shadow of these trees,
Cimon now arrived before the open door of the temple, placed at
the east so as to admit the first beams of the rising sun. Through
the threshold, in the middle of the fane, the eye rested on the
statue of Apollo, raised upon a lofty pedestal and surrounded by
a rail-a statue not such as the later genius of the Athenian represented the god of light, and youth, and beauty; not wrought
from Parian marble, or smoothest ivory, and in the divinest proportions of the human form, but rude, formal, and roughly hewn
from the'wood of the yew-tree —some early effigy of the god,
made by the simple piety of the first Dorian colonizers of Byzantium. Three forms stood mute by an altar equally homely
and ancient, and adorned with horns, placed a little apart, and
considerably below-the statue.
As the shadow of the Athenian, who halted at the threshold,
fell long and dark along the floor, the figures turned slowly, and
advanced toward him. With an inclination of his head, Cimon
retreated from the temple, and, looking round, saw abutting from
the rear of the building a small cell or chamber, which doubtless
in former times had served some priestly purpose, but now, doorless, empty, desolate, showed the utter neglect into which the ancient shrine of the Dorian god had fallen amidst the gay and dissolute Byzantians. To this cell Cimon directed his steps; the
men he had seen in the temple followed him; and all four, with
brief and formal greeting, seated themselves, Cimon on a fragment of some broken column, the others on a bench that stretched
along the wall.
"Peers of Sparta," said the Athenian, " ye have doubtless ere
this revolved sufficiently the grave matter which I opened to you
in a former conference, and in which, to hear your decision, I seek
at your appointment these sacred precincts."
"Son of Miltiades," answered the blunt Polydorus, "you inform us that it is the intention of the Athenians to dispatch a
messenger- to Sparta demanding the instant recall of Pausanias.
You ask us to second that request. But without our aid the
Athenians are masters to do as they will. Why should we abet
your quarrel against the Regent?"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               115
"Friend," replied Cimon, "we, the Athenians, confess to no
quarrel with Pausanias; what we demand is to avoid all quarrel
with him or yourselves. You seem to have overlooked my main
arguments. Permit me to reurge them briefly. If Pausanias remains, the allies have resolved openly to revolt; if you, the Spartans, assist your chief, as methinks you needs must do, you are
at once at war with the rest of the Greeks. If you desert him,
you leave Hellas without a chief, and we will choose one of our
own. Meanwhile, in the midst of our dissensions, the towns and
states well affected to Persia will return to her sway; and Persia
herself falls upon us as no longer a united enemy, but an easy
prey. For the sake, therefore, of Sparta and of Greece, we entreat you to co-operate with us; or, rather, to let the recall of
Pausanias be effected more by the wise precaution of the Spartans than by the fierce resolve of the other Greeks. So you save
best the dignity of your state, and so, in reality, you best serve
your chief. For less shameful to him is it to be recalled by you
than to be deposed by us."
"I know not," said Gelon, surlily, " what Sparta hath to do at
all with this foreign expedition. We are safe in our own defiles."
" Pardon me, if I remind you that you were scarcely safe at
Thermopylae, and that had the advice Demaratus proffered to
Xerxes been taken, and that island of Cythera, which commands
Sparta itself, been occupied by Persian troops, as in a future
time, if Sparta desert Greece, it may be, you were undone. And,
wisely or not, Sparta is now in command at Byzantium, and it
behooves her to maintain, with the dignity she assumes, the interests she represents. Grant that Pausanias be recalled, another
Spartan can succeed him. Whom of your countrymen would
you prefer to that high post, if you, 0 Peers, aid us in the dismissal of Pausanias 2"*
* This chapter was left unfinished by the author; probably with
the intention of recasting it. Such an intention, at least, is indicated
by the marginal -.aks upon the MS.-L.








BOOK III.








PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               119
CHAPTER I.
THE fountain sparkled to the noonday, the sward around it
was sheltered from the sun by vines formed into shadowy arcades, with interlaced leaves for roof. Afar through the vistas
thus formed gleamed the blue of a sleeping sea.
Under the hills, or close by the margin of the fountain, Cleonice was seated upon a grassy knoll, covered with wild flowers.
Behind her, at a little distance, grouped her handmaids, engaged
in their womanly work, and occasionally conversing in whispers.
At her feet reposed the grand form of Pausanias. Alcman stood
not far behind him, his hand resting on his lyre, his gaze fixed
upon the upward jet of the fountain.
" Behold," said Cleonice, "how the water soars up to the level
of its source!"
"As my soul would soar to thy love," said the Spartan, amorously.
" As thy soul should soar to the stars. 0 son of Hercules,
when I hear thee burst into thy wild flights of ambition, I see
not thy way to the stars."
"Why dost thou ever thus chide the ambition which may give
me thee?"
"No, for thou mightest then be as much below me as thou art
now above.'Too humble to mate with the Heracleid, I am too
proud to stoop to the Tributary of the Mede."
"Tributary for a sprinkling of water and a handful of earth.
Well, my pride may revolt, too, from that tribute. But, alas!
what is the tribute Sparta exacts from me now?-personal liberty-freedom of soul itself. The Mede's Tributary may be a king
over millions; the Spartan Regent is a slave to the few."
"Cease —cease-cease. I will not hear thee," cried Cleonice,
placing her hands on her ears.
Pausanias gently drew them away; and holding them both




120              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
captive in the large clasp of his own right hand, gazed eagerly
into her pure, unshrinking eyes.
" Tell me," he said, "for in much thou art wiser than I am, unjust though thou art. Tell me this. Look onward to the future
with a gaze as steadfast as now meets mine, and say if thou canst
discover any path, except thatwhich it pleases thee to condemn,
which may lead thee and me to the marriage altar 1'
Down sunk those candid eyes, and the virgin's cheek grew first
rosy red, and then pale, as if every drop of blood had receded to
the heart.
"Speak!" insisted Pausanias, softening his haughty voice to its
meekest tone.
"I can not see the path to the altar," murmured Cleonice, and
the tears rolled down her cheeks.
"And if thou seest it not," returned Pausanias, " art thou brave
enough to say,'Be we lost to each other for life?' I, though man
and Spartan, am not brave enough to say that."
He released her hands as he spoke, and clasped his own over
his face. Both were long silent.
Aleman had for some moments watched the lovers with deep
interest, and had caught into his listening ears the purport of
their words. He now raised his lyre, and swept his hand over
the chords. The touch was that of a master, and the musical
sounds produced their effect on all. The handmaids paused from
their work. Cleonice turned her eyes wistfully toward the Mothon. Pausanias drew his hands from his face, and cried joyously: "I accept the omen. Foster-brother, I have heard that measure to a hymeneal song. Sing us the words that go with the
melody."
"Nay," said Alcman, gently, "the words are not those which
are sung before youth and maiden when they walk over perishing flowers to bridal altars. They are the words which embody
a legend of the land in which the heroes of old dwell, removed
from earth, yet preserved from Hades."
"Ah," said Cleonice-and a strange expression, calmly mournful, settled on her features —" then the words may haply utter
my own thoughts. Sing them to us, I pray thee."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               121
The Mothon bowed his head, and thus began:
THE ISLE OF SPIRITS.
Many wonders on the ocean
By the moonlight may be seen;
Under moonlight on the Euxine
Rose the blessed silver isle,
As Leostratus of Croton,
At the Pythian god's behest,
Steer'd along the troubled waters
To the tranquil spirit-land.
In the earthquake of the battle,
When the Locrians reel'd before
Croton's shock of marching iron,
Strode a Phantom to their van:
Strode the shade of Locrian Ajax,
Guarding still the native soil,
And Leostratus, confronting,
Wounded fell before the spear.
Leech and herb the wound could heal not;
Said the Pythian god, "Depart,
Voyage o'er the troubled Euxine
To the tranquil spirit-land.
"There abides the Locrian Ajax,
He who gave the wound shall heal;
Godlike souls are in their mercy
Stronger yet than in their wrath."
While at ease on lulled waters
Rose the blessed silver isle,
Purple vines in lengthening vistas
Knit the hill-top to the beach.
And the beach had sparry caverns,
And a floor of golden sands,
6




122               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
And wherever soar'd the cypress,
Underneath it bloom'd the rose.
Glimmer'd there amid the vine-trees,
Thoro' cavern, over beach,
Life-like shadows of a beauty
Which the living know no more;
Towering statures of great heroes,
They who fought at Thebes and Troy;
And with looks that poets dream of
Beam'd the women heroes loved.
Kingly, forth before their comrades,
As the vessel touch'd the shore,
Came the stateliest Two by Hymen
Ever hallow'd into One.
As He strode, the forests trembled
To the awe that crown'd his brow:
As She stepp'd, the ocean dimpled
To the ray that left her smile.
"Welcome hither, fearless warrior!"
Said a voice in which there slept
Thunder-sounds to scatter armies,
As a north wind scatters leaves.
"Welcome hither, wounded sufferer,"
Said a voice of music low
As the coo of doves that nestle
Under summer boughs at noon.
"Who are ye, 0 shapes of glory?"
Ask'd the wondering living man:
Quoth the Man-ghost, "This is Helen,
And the Fair is for the Brave.
"Fairest prize to bravest victor;
Whom doth Greece her bravest deem?"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                123
Said Leostratus, "Achilles:"
"Bride and bridegroom then are we."
"Low I kneel to thee, Pelides,
But, O marvel, she thy bride,
She whose guilt unpeopled Hellas,
She whose marriage lights fired Troy?"
Frown'd the large front of Achilles,
Overshadowing sea and sky,
Even as when between Olympus
And Oceanus hangs storm.
"Know, thou dullard," said lelides,
" That on the funereal pyre
Earthly sins are purged from glory,
And the Soul is as the Name.
"If to her in life-a Paris,
If to me in life-a slave,
Helen's mate is here Achilles,
Mine —the sister of the stars.
"Naught of her survives but beauty,
Naught of me survives but fame;
Here the Beautiful and Famous
Intermingle evermore."
Then throughout the Blessed Island
Sung aloud the Race of Light,
"Know, the Beautiful and Famous
Marry here for evermore!"
"Thy song bears a meaning deeper than its words," said Pausanias; " but if that meaning be consolation, I comprehend it not."
"I do," said Cleonice.  "Singer, I pray thee draw near.  Let
us talk of what my lost mother said was the favorite theme of
the grander sages of Miletus. Let us talk of what lies afar and
undiscovered amidst waters more troubled than the Euxine. Let
us speak of the Land of Souls."




124               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Who ever returned from that land to tell us qf it?" said Pausanias.  "Voyagers that never voyaged thither save in song."
"Son of Cleombrotus," said Aleman, "hast thou not heard
that in one of the cities founded by thine ancestor, Hercules, and
named afterhis own name, there yet dwells a Priesthood that can
summon to living eyes the Phantoms of the Dead?"
"No," answered Pausanias, with the credulous wonder common to eager natures which philosophy has not withdrawn from
the realm of superstition.
" But," asked Cleonice, "does it need the Necromancer to convince us that the soul does not perish when the breath leaves the
lips?  If I judge the burden of thy song aright, thou art not, O
singer, uninitiated in the divine and consoling doctrines which,
emanating, it is said, from the schools of Miletus, establish the
immortality of the soul, not for demi-gods and heroes only, but
for us all; which imply the soul's purification from earthly sins,
in some regions less chilling and stationary than the sunless and
melancholy Hades."
Aleman looked at the girl surprised.
"Art thou not, maiden," said he, "one of the many female disciples whom the successors of Pythagoras the Samian have enrolled?"
"Nay," said Cleonice, modestly; " but my mother had listened
to great teachers of wisdom, and I speak imperfectly the thoughts
I have heard her utter when she told me she had no terror of the
grave."
"Fair Byzantine," returned the Mothon, while Pausanias, leaning his upraised face on his hand, listened mutely to themes new
to his mind and foreign to his Spartan culture-" fair Byzantine,
we in Lacedaemon, whether free or enslaved, are not educated to
the subtle learning which distinguishes the intellect of Ionian
Sages. But I, born and licensed to be a poet, converse eagerly
with all who swell the stores whliich enrich the treasure-house of
song. And thus, since we have left the land of Sparta, and more
especially in yon city, the centre of many tribes and of many
minds, I have picked up, as it were, desultory and scattered notions, which, for want of a fitting teacher, I bind and arrange for




PAJUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              125
myself as wellbas I-' iay.- And since the ideas that now float
through the atmosphere of Hellas are not confined to the great,
nay, perhaps are less visible to them than to those whose eyes are
not riveted on the absorbing substances of ambition and power,
so I have learned something, I kiow not how, save that I have
listened and reflected. And here, where I have heard what sages
conjecture of a world which seems so far off, but to which we are
so near that we may reach it in a moment, my interest might indeed be intense. For what is this world to him who came into
it a slave?"
"Aleman," exclaimed Pausanias, "the foster-brother of the
Heracleid is no more a slave."
The Mothon bowed his head gratefully, but the expression on
his face retained the same calm and sombre resignation.
"Alas!" said Cleonice, with the delicacy of female consolation,
L" who in this life is really.free? Have citizens no thralldom in
custom and law? Are we not all slaves 8?"
"True. All slaves!" murmured the royal victor. "Envy none,
O Aleman. Yet," he continued, gloomily, "what is the life beyond the grave which sacred tradition and ancient song holds out
to us? Not thy silver island, vain singer, unless it by only for
an early race more immediately akin to the gods. Shadows in
the shade are the dead, at the best reviving only their habits when
on earth, in phantom-like delusions; aiming spectral darts, like
Orion, at spectral lions; things bloodless and pulseless; existences followed to no purpose through eternity, as dreams are
through a night. Who cares so to live again? Not I."
" The sages that now rise around, and speak oracles different
from those heard at Delphi," said Alcman, " treat not thus the
soul's immortality. They begin by inquiring how creation rose;
they seek to find the primitive element; what that may be they
dispute; some say the fiery, some the airy, some the ethereal element. Their language here is obscure. But it is a something
which forms, harmonizes, works, and lives on forever. And of
that something is the soul; creative, harmonious, active, an element in itself. Out of its development here, that soul comes on
to a new development elsewhere. If here the beginning lead to




126               PAUSANIAS, TIE SPARTAN.
that new development in what we call virtue, itq'moves to light
and joy; if it can only roll on through the grooves it has here
made for itself, in what we call vice and crime, its path is darkness and wretchedness."
"In what we call virtue-what we call vice and crime? Ah,"
said Pausanias, with a stern sneer, " Spartan virtue, O Alcman, is
what a Helot may call crime. And if ever the Helot rose and
shouted freedom, would he not say, This is virtue?  Would the
Spartan call it virtue, too, my foster-brother?"
"Son of Cleombrotus," answered Aleman, "it is not for me to
vindicate the acts of the master; nor to blame the slave who is
of my race. Yet the sage definers of virtue distinguish between
the Conscience of a Polity and that of the Individual Man. Selfpreservation is the instinct of every community, and all the ordinances ascribed to Lycurgus are designed to preserve the Spartan existence. For what are the pure Spartan race a? a handful of
men established as lords in the midst of a hostile population.
Close by the eyrie thine eagle fathers built in the rocks, hung
the silent Amyclae, a city of foes that cost the Spartans many
generations to subdue. Hence thy state was a camp, its citizens
sentinels; its children were brought up from the cradle to support the stern life to which necessity devoted the men. Hardship and privation were second nature. Not enough to be brave;
vigilance was equially essential. Every Spartan life was precious;
therefore came the cunning which characterizes the Spartan;
therefore the boy is permitted to steal, but punished if detected;
therefore the whole Commonwealth strives to keep aloof from
the wars of Greece unless itself be threatened.  A single battle
in a common cause might suffice to depopulate the Spartan race,
and leave it at the mercy of the thousands that so reluctantly
own its dominion. Hence the ruthless determination to crush
the spirit, to degrade the class of the enslaved Helots; hence its
dread lest the slumbering brute force of the Servile find in its
own masses a head to teach the consciousness, and a hand to
guide the movements, of its power. These are the necessities of
the Polity; its vices are the outgrowth of its necessities; and the
life that so galls thee, and which has sometimes rendered mad




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               127
those who return to it from having known'another, and the danger that'evermore surrounds the lords of a sullen multitude, are
the punishments of these vices. Comprehendest thou 8?"
"I comprehend."
"But individuals have a conscience apart from that of the
Community. Every community has its errors in its laws. No
human laws, how skillfully soever framed, but give to a national character defects as well as merits, merits as well as defects.
Craft, selfishness, cruelty to the subdued, inhospitable frigidity
to neighbors, make the defects of the Spartan character. But,"
added Alcman, with a kind of reluctant anguish in his voice,
"the character has its grand virtues, too, or would the Helots not
be the masters?  Valor' indomitable; grand scorn of death; passionate ardor for the State, which is so severe a mother to them;
antique faith in the sacred altars; sublime devotion to what is
held to be duty. Are these not found in the Spartan beyond all
the Greeks, as thou seest them in thy friend Lysander-in that
soul, stately, pure, compact in its own firm substance as a statue
within a temple is in its Parian stone? But what the gods ask
from man is virtue in himself, according as he comprehends it.
And, therefore, here all societies are equal; for the gods pardon
in the man the faults he shares with his Community, and ask
from him but the good and the beautiful, such as the nature of
his Community will permit him to conceive and to accomplish.
Thou knowest that there are many kinds of music-for instance,
the Doric, the Lolian, the Ionian-in Hellas. The Lydians have
their music, the Phrygians theirs, too. The Scyth and the Mede
doubtless have their own. Each race prefers the music it cultivates, and finds fault with the music of other races. And yet a
man who has learned melody and measure will recognize a music
in them all. So it is with virtue, the music of the. human soul.
It differs in differing races. But he who has learned to know
what virtue is can recognize its harmonies, wherever they be
heard. And thus the soul that fulfills its own notions of music,
and carries them up to its idea of excellence, is the master soul;
and in the regions to which it goes, when the breath leaves the
lips, it pursues the same art set free from the trammels that con



128              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
fined and the false judgments that marred it here. For then the
soul is no longer Spartan, or Ionian, Lydian, Median, or Scythian.
Escaped into the upper air, it is the citizen of universal freedom
and universal light. And hence it does not live as a ghost in
gloomy shades, being merely a pale memory of things that have
passed away; but in its primitive being as an emanation from
the one divine principle which penetrates everywhere, vivifies all
things, and enjoys in all. This is what I weave together from
the doctrines of varying schools; schools that collect from the
fields of thought flowers of different kinds which conceal, by
adorning it, the ligament that unites them all: this, I say, 0 Pausanias, is my conception of the soul."
Cleonice rose softly, and, taking from her bosom a rose, kissed
it fervently, and laid it at the feet of the singer.
" Were this my soul," cried she, " I would ask thee to bind it
in the wreath."
Vague and troubled thoughts passed meanwhile through the
mind of the Heracleid: old ideas being disturbed and dislodged,
the new ones did not find easy settlement in a brain occupied
with ambitious schemes and a heart agitated by stormy passions.
In much superstitious, in much skeptical, as education had made
him the one, and experience but of worldly things was calculated
to make him the other, he followed not the wing of the philosophy which passed through heights not occupied by Olympus, and
dived into depths where no Tartarus echoed to the wail of Cocytus.
After a pause he said, in his perplexity,
"Well mayst thou own that no Delphian oracle tells thee all
this. And when thou speakest of the Divine Principle as one,
dost thou not, 0 presumptuous man, depopulate the Halls of
Ida? Nay, is it not Zeus himself whom thou dethronest? is
not thy Divine Principle the Fate which Zeus himself must
obey?"
"There is a young man of Clazomenae," answered the singer,
"named Anaxagoras, who, avoiding all active life, though of birth
the noblest, gives himself up to contemplation, and whom I have
listened to in the city as he passed through it, on his way into




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               129
Egypt. And I heard him say,'Fate is an empty name.'* Fate
is blind, the Divine is All-seeing."
"How!" cried Cleonice. "An empty name-she! Necessity,
the All-compelling."
The musician drew from the harp one of the most artful of
Sappho's exquisite melodies.
"What drew forth that music?" he asked, smiling. " My hand
and my will, from a genius not present, not visible. Was that
genius a blind fate?  No, it was a grand intelligence.  Nature is
to the Deity what my hand and will are to the unseen genius of
the musician. They obey an intelligence and they form a music.
If creation proceed from an intelligence, what we call fate is but
the consequence of its laws. And Nature operates not in the external world alone, but in the core of all life; therefore in the
mind of man obeying only what some supreme intelligence has
placed there; therefore in man's mind producing music or discord, according as he has learned the principles of harmony, that
is, of good. And there be sages who declare that Intelligence and
Love are the same. Yet," added the Mothon, with an aspect solemnly compassionate, "not the love thou mockest by the name
of Aphrodite. No mortal eye hath ever seen that love within the
known sphere, yet all insensibly feel its reign. What keeps the
world together but affection? What makes the earth bring forth
its fruits but the kindness which beams in the sunlight and descends in the dews? What makes the lioness watch over her cubs,
and the bird, with all air for its wanderings, come back to the
fledglings in its nest?  Strike love, the conjoiner, from creation,
and creation returns to a void. Destroy love, the parental, and
life is born but to perish. Where stop the influence of love, or
how limit its multiform degrees?  Love guards the fatherland;
crowns with turrets the walls of the freeman. What but love
binds the citizens of states together, and frames and heeds the
laws that submit individual liberty to the rule of the common
* Anaxagoras was then between twenty and thirty years of age.See Ritter, vol. ii., for the sentiment here ascribed to him, and a general view of his tenets.
6*




130              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
good?  Love creates, love cements, love enters and harmonizes all
things. And as like attracts like, so love attracts in the hereafter
the loving souls that conceived it here. From the region where
it summons them, its opposites are excluded. There ceases war;
there ceases pain. There, indeed, intermingle the beautiful and
glorious, but beauty purified from earthly sin, the glorious resting from earthly toil. Ask ye how to know on earth where love
is really presiding? Not in Paphos, not in Amathus. Wherever
thou seest beauty and good; wherever thou seest life, and that
life pervaded with faculties of joy, there thou seest love; there
thou shouldst recognize the Divinity."
"And where I see misery and hate," said the Spartan, "what
should I recognize there?"
"Master," returned the singer, "can the good come without a
struggle? Is the beautiful accomplished without-strife? Recall
the tales of primeval chaos, when, as sung the Ascraean singer,
love first darted into the midst; imagine the heave and throe of
joining elements; conjure up the first living shapes, born of the
fluctuating slime and vapor. Surely they were things incomplete,
deformed ghastly fragments of being, as are the dreams of a maniac. Mad creative Love stopped there, and then, standing on
the height of some fair completed world, had viewed the warring
portents, wouldst thou not have said, But these are the works of
Evil and Hate? Love did not stop there, it worked on; and out
of the chaos once ensouled, this glorious world swung itself into
ether, the completed sister of the stars. Again, 0 my listeners,
contemplate the sculptor, when the block from the granite shaft
first stands, rude and shapeless, before him. See him in his earlier
strife with the obstinate matter-how uncouth the first outline
of limb and feature; unlovelier often in the rugged commencements of shape than when the dumb mass stood shapeless. If
the sculptor had stopped there, the thing might serve as an image
for the savage of an abominable creed, engaged in the sacrifice of
human flesh. But he pauses not, he works on. Stroke by stroke
comes from the stone a shape of more beauty than man himself
is endowed with, and in a human temple stands a celestial image.
"Thus is it with the soul in the mundane sphere; it works its




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                131
way on through the adverse matter. We see its work half completed; we cry,' Lo! this is misery, this is hate,' because the chaos
is not yet a perfected world, and the stone block is not yet a
statue of Apollo. But for that reason must we pause? No; we
must work on, till the victory brings the repose.
"All things come into order from the war of contraries; the
elements fight and wrestle to produce the wild flower at our feet;
from a wild flower man hath striven and toiled to perfect the
marvelous rose of the hundred leaves.  Hate is necessary for the
energies of love, evil for the activity of good; until, I say, the
victory is won, until Hate and Evil. are subdued, as the sculptor
subdues the stone; and then rises the divine image serene forever, and rests on its pedestal in the Uranian Temple. Lift thine
eyes; that temple is yonder. 0 Pausanias, the sculptor's workroom is the earth."
Alcman paused, and, sweeping his hand once more over his
lyre, chanted as follows:
"Dew-drop that weepest on the sharp-barbed thorn,
Why didst thou fall from Day's golden chalices?'My tears bathe the thorn,' said the Dew-drop,'To nourish the bloom of the rose.'
"Soul of the Infant, why to calamity
Comest thou wailing from the calm spirit-source?'Ask of the Dew,' said the Infant,'Why it descends on the thorn!"
"Dew-drop from storm, and soul from calamity
Vanish soon-whither? let the Dew answer thee;'Have not my tears been my glory t
Tears drew me up to the sun.'
"What were thine uses, that thou art glorified?
What did thy tears give, profiting earth or sky'There, to the thorn-stem a blossom;
Here, to the Iris a tint."'
Alcman had modulated the tones of his voice into a sweetness
so plaintive and touching, that, when he paused, the handmaidens




132              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.had involuntarily risen and gathered round, hushed and noiseless.
Cleonice had lowered her veil over her face and bosom; but the
heaving of its tissue betrayed her half-suppressed, gentle sob; and
the proud mournfulness on the Spartan's swarthy countenance
had given way to a soft composure, melancholy still-but melancholy as a lulled, though dark water, over which starlight steals
through disparted cloud.
Cleonice was the first to break the spell which bound them all.
"I would go within," she murmured, faintly. "The sun, now
slanting, strikes through the vine-leaves, and blinds me with its
glare.".
Pausanias approached timidly, and, taking her by the hand,
drew her aside, along one of the grassy alleys that stretched onward to the sea.
The handmaidens tarried behind to cluster nearer round the
singer. They forgot he was a slave.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.-              133
CHAPTER II.
" THOU art weeping still, Cleonice!" said the Spartan, "and I
have not the privilege to kiss away thy tears."
"Nay, I weep not," answered the girl, throwing up her veil;
and her face was calm, if still sad-the tear yet on the eyelids,
but the smile upon the lip — acpv6ov yeXaouaa. "Thy singer has
learned his art from a teacher heavenlier than the Pierides, and
its name is Hope."
" But if I understand him aright," said Pausanias, " the Hope
that inspires him is a goddess who blesses us little on the earth."
As if the Mothon had overheard the Spartan, his voice here
suddenly rose behind them, singing:
"There the Beautiful and Glorious
Intermingle evermore."
Involuntarily both turned. The Mothon seemed as if explaining to the handmaids the allegory of his marriage-song upon
Helen and Achilles, for his hand was raised on high, and again,
with an emphasis, he chanted:
"There, throughout the Blessed Islands,
And amid the Race of Light,
Do the Beautiful and Glorious
Intermingle evermore."
"Canst thou not wait, if thou so lovest me?" said Cleonice,
with more tenderness in her voice than it had ever yet betrayed
to him; "life is very short. Hush!" she continued, checking the
passionate interruption that burst from his lips; "I have something I would confide to thee: listen. Know that in my childhood I had a dear friend, a maiden a few years older than myself,
and she had the divine gift of trance which comes from Apollo.




134               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
Often, gazing into space, her eyes became fixed, and her frame
still as a statue's; then a shiver seized her limbs, and prophecy
broke from her lips. And she told me in one of these hours,
when, as she said,'all space and all time seemed spread before
her like a sunlit ocean,' she told me of my future, so far as its
leaves have yet unfolded from the stem of my life.  Spartan,
she prophesied that I should see thee-and —" Cleonice paused,
blushing, and then hurried on, "and she told me that suddenly
her eye could follow my fate on the earth no more, that it vanished out of the time and the space on which it gazed, and, saying it, she wept, and broke into funeral song. And therefore,
Pausanias, I say life is very short for me at least —"
"Hold," cried Pausanias; "torture not me, nor delude thyself
with the dreams of a raving girl. Lives she near? Let me visit
her with thee, and I will prove thy prophetess an impostor."
"They whom the Priesthood of Delphi employ throughout
Hellas to find the fit natures for a Pythoness heard of her, and
heard herself. She whom thou callest impostor gives the answer
to perplexed nations from the Pythian shrine. But wherefore
doubt her? —where the sorrow? I feel none. If love does rule
the worlds beyond, and does unite souls who love nobly here,
yonder we shall meet, 0 descendant of Hercules, and human laws
will not part us there!"
" Thou die! die before me! thou, scarcely half my years! And
I be left here, with no comfort but a singer's dreamy verse, not
even mine ambition! Thrones would vanish out of earth, and
turn to cinders in thine urn."
"Speak not of thrones," said Cleonice, with imploring softness, " for the prophetess, too, spake of steps that went toward a
throne, and vanished at the threshold of darkness, beside which
sat the Furies. Speak not of thrones, dream but of glory and
Hellas-of what thy soul tells thee is that virtue which makes
life a Uranian music, and thus unites it to the eternal symphony,
as the breath of the single flute melts when it parts from the instrument into the great concord of the choir. Knowest thou not
that in the creed of the Persians each mortal is watched on earth
by a good spirit and an evil one? And they who loved us below,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             135
or to whom we have done beneficent and gentle deeds, if they go
before us into death, pass to the side of the good spirit, and
strengthen him to save and to bless thee against the malice of
the bad, and the bad is strengthened in his turn by those whom
we have injured. Wouldst thou have all the Greeks whose birthright thou wouldst barter, whose blood thou wouldst shed for barbaric aid to thy solitary and lawless power, stand by the side of
the evil Fiend? And what could I do against so many? what
could my soul do," added Cleonice, with simple pathos, " by the
side of the kinder spirit?"
Pausanias was wholly subdued. He knelt to the girl, he kissed
the hem of her robe, and for the moment ambition, luxury, pomp,
pride fled from his soul, and left there only the grateful tenderness of the man, and the lofty instincts of the hero. But just
then-was it the evil spirit that sent him?-the boughs of the
vine were put aside, and Gongylus the Eretrian stood before
them! His black eyes glittered keen upon Pausanias, who rose
from his knee, startled and displeased.
" What brings thee hither, man?" said the Regent, haughtily.
"Danger," answered Gongylus, in a hissing whisper. "Lose
not a moment-come."
" Danger!" exclaimed Cleonice, tremblingly, and clasping her
hands, and all the human love at her heart was visible in her aspect. "Danger, and to him!"
"Danger is but as the breeze of my native air," said the Spartan, smiling; "thus I draw it in and thus breathe it away. I
follow thee, Gongylus. Take my greeting, Cleonice-the Good
to the Beautiful. Well, then, keep Alcman yet a while to sing
thy kind face to repose, and this time let him tune his lyre to
songs of a more Dorian strain-songs that show what a Heracleid
thinks of danger."
He waved his hand, and the two men, striding hastily, passed
along the vine alley, darkened its vista for a few minutes, then
vanishing down the descent to the beach, the wide blue sea again
lay lone and still before the eyes of the Byzantine maid.




136              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER III.
PAUSANIAS and the Eretrian halted on the shore.
"Now speak," said the Spartan Regent.  "Where is the danger a"
"Before thee," answered Gongylus, and his hand pointed to
the ocean.
"I see the fleet of the Greeks in the harbor-I see the flag of
my galley above the forest of their masts. I see detached vessels
skimming along the waves hither and thither as in holiday and
sport; but discipline slackens where no foe dares to show himself. Eretrian, I see no danger."'Yet danger is there, and where danger is thou shouldst be.
I have learned from my spies, not an hour since, that there is a
conspiracy formed -a mutiny on the eve of an outburst. Thy
place now should be in thy galley."
"My boat waits yonder in that creek, overspread by the wild
shrubs," answered Pausanias; " a few strokes of the oar, and I
am where thou seest. And in truth, without thy summons, I
should have been on board ere sunset, seeing that on the morrow
I have ordered a general review of the vessels of the fleet. Was
that to be the occasion for the mutiny?"
"So it is supposed."
"I shall see the faces of the mutineers," said Pausanias, with a
calm visage, and an eye which seemed to brighten the very atmosphere. " Thou shakest thy head; is this all a"
*" Thou art not a bird-this moment in one place, that moment
in another. There, with yon armament, is the danger thou canst
meet. But yonder sails a danger which thou canst not, I fear
me, overtake."
"Yonder!" said Pausanias, his eye following the hand of the
Eretrian. "I see naught save the white wing of a sea-gull —perchance, by its dip into the water, it foretells a storm."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              137
"Farther off than the sea-gull, and seeming smaller than the
white spot of its wing, seest thou nothing 8?"
"A dim speck on the farthest horizon, if mine eyes mistake
not."
" The speck of a sail that is bound to Sparta. It carries with
it a request for thy recall."
This time the cheek of Pausanias paled, and his voice slightly
faltered as he said,
"Art thou sure of this?"
"So I hear that the Samian captain, Uliades, has boasted at
noon in the public baths."
"A Samian! —is it only a Samian who hath ventured to address to Sparta a complaint of her General?"
"From  what I could gather," replied Gongylus, "the complaint is more powerfully backed. But I have not, as yet, heard
more, though I conjecture that Athens has not been silent, and
before the vessel sailed Ionian captains were seen to come with
joyous faces from the lodgings of Cimon."
The Regent's brow grew yet more troubled.  " Cimon, of all
the Greeks out of Laconia, is the one whose word would weigh
most in Sparta. But my Spartans themselves are not suspected
of privity and connivance in this mission?"
"It is not said that they are."
Pausanias shaded his face with his hand for a moment in deep
thought. Gongylus continued,
"If the Ephors recall thee before the Asian army is on the
frontier, farewell to the sovereignty of Hellas!"
"Ha!" cried Pausanias, "tempt me not.  Thinkest thou I
need other tempter than I have here?" —smiting his breast.
Gongylus recoiled in surprise. "Pardon me, Pausanias, but
temptation is another word for hesitation. I dreamed that I
could not tempt; I did not know that thou didst hesitate."
The Spartan remained silent.
"Are not thy messengers on the road to the great king?-nay,
perhaps already they have reached him. Didst thou not say how
intolerable to thee would be life henceforth in the iron thralldom
of Sparta-and now?'




138              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"And now-I forbid thee to question me more. Thou hast
performed thy task; leave me to mine."
He sprung with the spring of the mountain goat from the crag
on which he stood-over a precipitous chasm, lighted on a narrow ledge, from which a slip of the foot would have been sure
death, another bound yet more fearful, and his whole weight
hung suspended by the bough of the ilex which he grasped with
a single hand; then from bough to bough, from crag to crag,
the Eretrian saw him descending till he vanished amidst the trees
that darkened over the fissures at the foot of the cliff.
And before Gongylus had recovered his amaze at the almost
preterhuman agility and vigor of the Spartan, and his dizzy sense
at the contemplation of such peril braved by another, a boat shot
into the sea from the green creek, and he saw Pausanias seated
beside Lysander on one of the benches, and conversing with him,
as if in calm earnestness, while the ten rowers sent the boat toward the fleet with the swiftness of an arrow to its goal.
"Lysander," said Pausanias, " hast thou heard that the Ionians
have offered to me the insult of a mission to the Ephors demanding my recall?"
" No. Who would tell me of insult to thee a"
" But hast thou any conjecture that other Spartans around me,
and who love me less than thou, would approve, nay, have approved, this embassy of spies and malcontents al"
"I think none have so approved. I fear some would so approve. The Spartans round thee would rejoice did they know
that the pride of their armies, the Victor of Platiea, were once
more within their walls."
"Even to the danger of Hellas from the Mede 2"
"They would rather all Hellas were Medized than Pausanias
the Heracleid."
"BLoy, boy," said Pausanias, between his ground teeth, "dost
thou not see that what is sought is the disgrace of Pausanias the
iHeracleid? Grant that I am recalled from the head of this armament, and on the charge of Ionians, and I am dishonored in the
eyes of all Greece. Dost thou remember in the last Olympiad
that when Themistocles, the only rival now to me in glory, ap



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             139
peared on the Altis, assembled Greece rose to greet and do him
honor 8 And if I, deposed, dismissed, appeared at the next Olympiad, how would assembled Greece receive me? Couldst thou
not see the pointed finger and hear the muttered taunt,'That is
Pausanias, whom the Ionians banished from Byzantium.' No, I
must abide here; I must prosecute the vast plans which shall
dwarf into shadow the petty genius of Themistocles. I must
counteract this mischievous embassy to the Ephors. I must send
to them an embassador of my own. Lysander, wilt thou go, and,
burying in thy bosom thine own Spartan prejudices, deem that
thou canst only serve me by proving the reasons why I should remain here; pleading for me, arguing for me, and winning my suit 8?"
"It is for thee to command, and for me to obey thee," answered Lysander, simply. "Is not that the duty of soldier to
chief? When we converse as friends I may contend with thee in
speech. When thou sayest,'Do this,' I execute thine action. To
reason with thee would be revolt."
Pausanias placed his clasped hands on the young man's shoulder, and, leaving them there, impressively said:
" I select thee for this mission because thee alone can I trust.
And of me hast thou a doubt? Tell me."
" If I saw thee taking the Persian gold, I should say that the
Demon had mocked mine eyes with a delusion. Never could I
doubt, unless —unless-"
" Unless what?"
"Thou wert standing under Jove's sky, against the arms of
Hellas."
"And then, if some other chief bid thee raise thy sword
against me, thou art Spartan, and wouldst obey?"
"I am Spartan, and can not believe that I should ever have a
cause, or listen to a command, to raise my sword against the
chief I now serve and love," replied Lysander.
Pausanias withdrew his hands from the young man's broad
shoulder. He felt humbled beside the quiet truth of that sublime soul. His own deceit became more black to his conscience.
"Methinks," he said, tremulously, " I will not send thee, after all
-and perhaps the news may be false."




140              PAUSANIAS, THE SPaRTA-N.
The boat had now gained the fleet, and, steering amidst the
crowded triremes, made its way toward the floating banner of the
Spartan Serpent. More immediately round the General's galley
were the vessels of the Peloponnesian allies, by whom he was still
honored. A welcoming shout rose from the seamen lounging on
their decks as they caught sight of the renowned Heracleid.
Cimon, who was on his own galley, at- some distance, heard the
shout.
"So Pausanias," he said, turning to the officers round him,
"has deigned to come on board, to direct, I suppose, the manceuvres for to-morrow."
"I believe it is but the form of a review for manceuvres," said
an Athenian officer, " in which Pausanias will inspect the various
divisions of the fleet, and, if more be intended, will give the requisite orders for a subsequent day. No arrangements demanding much preparation can be anticipated, for Antagoras, the rich
Chian, gives a great banquet this day-a supper to the principal
captains of the Isles."
"A frank and hospitable reveler is Antagoras," answered Cimon. "He would have extended his invitation to the Athenians
-me included-but in their name I declined."
"May I ask wherefore?" said the officer who had before
spoken.  "Cimon is not held averse to wine-cup and myrtle
bough."
"But things are said over some wine-cups and under some
myrtle boughs," answered Cimon, with a quiet laugh, "which it
is imprudence to hear, and would be treason to repeat. Sup with
me here on deck, friends-a supper for sober companions-sober
as the Laconian Syssitia, and let not Spartans say that our manners are spoiled by the luxuries of Byzantium."




PAUSAMIAS, THE SPARTAN.              141
CHAPTER IV.
~IN an immense peristyle of a house -which a Byzantine noble,
ruined by lavish extravagance, had been glad to cede to the accommodation of Antagoras and other officers of Chios, the young
rival of Pausanias feasted the chiefs of the.Egean. However
modern civilization may in some things surpass the ancient, it is
certainly not in luxury and splendor. And although the Hellenic
States had not, at that period, aimed at the pomp of show and
the refinements of voluptuous pleasure which preceded their decline, and although they never did carry luxury to the wondrous
extent which it reached in Asia, or even in Sicily, yet even at that
time a wealthy sojourner in such a city as Byzantium could command an entertainment that no monarch in our age would venture
to parade before royal guests, and submit to the criticism of taxpaying subjects.
The columns of the peristyle were of dazzling alabaster, with
their capitals richly gilt. The space above was roofless; but an
immense awning of purple, richly embroidered in Persian looms
-a spoil of some gorgeous Mede-shaded the feasters from the
summer sky. The couches on which the banqueters reclined
were of citron-wood, inlaid with ivory, and covered with the tapestries of Asiatic looms. At the four' corners of the vast hall
played four fountains, and their spray sparkled to a blaze of light
from colossal candelabra, in which burned perfumed oil. The
guests were not assembled at a single table, but in small groups;
to each group its tripod of exquisite workmanship. To that feast
of fifty revelers no less than seventy cooks had contributed the
inventions of their art, but under one great master, to whose care
the banquet had been consigned by the liberal host, and who ransacked earth, sky, and sea for dainties more various than this degenerate age ever sees accumulated at a single board. And the




142               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.epicure who has but glanced over the elaborate page of Athenaeus
must own with melancholy self-humiliation that the ancients must
have carried the art of flattering the palate to a perfection as absolute as the art which built the Parthenon and sculptured out of
gold and ivory the Olympian Jove. But the first course, with its
profusion of birds, flesh, and fishes, its marvelous combinations of
forced meats, and inventive poetry of sauces, was now over. And
in the interval preceding that second course, in which gastronomy
put forth its most exquisite masterpieces, the slaves began to remove the tables, soon to be replaced. Vessels of fragrant waters,
in which the banqueters dipped their fingers, were handed round;
perfumes, which the Byzantine marts collected from every clime,
escaped from their precious receptacles.
Then were distributed the garlands. With these each guest
crowned locks that steamed with odors; and in them were combined the flowers that most charm the eye, with bud or herb that
most guards from the head the fumes of wine: with hyacinth and
flax, with golden asphodel and silver lily, the green of ivy and
parsley leaf were thus entwined; and above all, the rose, said to
convey a delicious coolness to the temples on which it bloomed.
And now for the first time wine came to heighten the spirits and
test the charm of the garlands. Each, as the large goblet passed
to him, poured from the brim, before it touched his lips, his libation to the good spirit. And as Antagoras, rising first, set this
pious example, out from the farther ends of the hall, behind the
fountains, burst a concert of flutes, and the great Hellenic Hymn
of the Paean.
As this ceased, the fresh tables appeared before the banqueters,
covered with all the fruits in season, and with those triumphs in
confectionery, of which honey was the main ingredient, that well
justified the favor in which the Greeks held the bee.
Then, instead of the pure juice of the grape, from which the
libation had been poured, came the wines, mixed at least three
parts with water, and deliciously cooled.
Up again rose Antagoras, and every eye turned to him.
"Companions," said the young Chian, "it is not held in free
states well for a man to seize by himself upon supreme authority.




-'PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.            143
We deem that a magistracy should only be obtained by the votes
of others. Nevertheless, I venture to think that the latter plan
does not always insure to us a good master. I believe it was by
election that we Greeks have given to ourselves a generalissimo,
not contented, it is said, to prove the invariable wisdom of that
mode of government; wherefore this seems an occasion to revive
the good custom of tyranny. And I propose to do so in my person by proclaiming myself Symposiarch and absolute Promander in the Commonwealth here assembled. But if ye prefer the
chance of the die —"
"No, no," cried the guests almost universally; "Antagoras, the
Symposiarch, we submit. Issue thy laws."
"Hearken, then, and obey. First, then, as to the strength of
the wine. Behold the crater in which there are three Naiades to
one Dionysos. He is a match for them; not for more. No man
shall put into his wine more water than the slaves have mixed.
Yet if any man is so diffident of the god that he thinks three
Naiades too much for him, he may omit one or two, and let the
wine and the water fight it out upon equal terms. So much for
the quality of the drink. As to' quantity, it is a question to be
deliberated hereafter. And now this cup to Zeus the Preserver."
The toast went round.
" Music, and the music of Lydia!" then shouted Antagoras, and
resumed his place on the couch beside Uliades.
The music proceeded, the wines circled.
"Friend," whispered Uliades to the host, " thy father left thee
wines, I know. But if thou givest many banquets like this, I
doubt if thou wilt leave wines to thy son."
" I shall die childless, perhaps," answered the Chian; " and any
friend will give me enough to pay Charon's fee across the Styx."
"That is a melancholy reflection," said Uliades, "and there is
no subject of talk that pleases me less than that same Styx. Why
dost thou bite thy lip, and choke the sigh? By the gods! art
thou not happy a?"
"Happy!" repeated Antagoras, with a bitter smile. " Oh yes!"
"Good. Cleonice torments thee no more. I myself have gone
through thy trials; ay, and oftentimes. Seven times at Samos,




144              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
five at Rhodes, once at' Miletus, and forty-three times at Corinth,
have I been an impassioned and unsuccessful lover. Courage; I
love still."
Antagoras turned away. By this time the hall was yet more
crowded, for many not invited to the supper came, as was the
custom with the Greeks, to the Symposium; but these were all
of the Ionian race.
"The music is dull without the dancers," cried the host. " Ho,
there! the dancing-girls. Now would I give all the rest of my
wealth to see among these girls one face that yet but for a moment could make me forget-"
" Forget what, or whom?" said Uliades; " not Cleonice?"
"Man, man, wilt thou provoke me to strangle thee?" muttered
Antagoras.
Uliades edged himself away.
"Ungrateful!" he cried. "What are a hundred Byzantine
girls to one tried male friend a?"
"I will not be ungrateful, Uliades, if thou stand by my side
against the Spartan."
"Thou art, then, bent upon this perilous hazard?"
"Bent on driving Pausanias from Byzantium, or into Hadesyes."
"Touch!" said Uliades, holding out his right hand. "By Cypris, but these girls dance like the daughters of Qceanus; every
step undulates as a wave.". Antagoras motioned to his cup-bearer.  "Tell the leader of
that dancing choir to come hither."  The cup-bearer obeyed.
A man with a solemn air came to the foot of the Chian's couch,
bowing low. He was an Egyptian —one of the meanest castes.
" Swarthy friend," said Antagoras, "didst thou ever hear of the
Pyrrhic dance of the Spartans?"
"Surely, of all dances am I teacher and preceptor."
"Your girls know it, then l"
"Somewhat, from having seen it; but not from practice.'Tis
a male dance and a warlike dance, O magnanimous, but, in this
instance, untutored, Chian!"
"Hist, and listen." Antagoras whispered. The Egyptian nod



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             145
ded his head, returned to the dancing-girls, and when their measure had ceased, gathered them round him.
Antagoras again rose.
" Companions, we are bound now to do homage to our masters
-the pleasant, affable, and familiar warriors of Sparta."
At this the guests gave way to their applauding laughter.
"And, therefore, these delicate maidens will present to us that
flowing and Amathusian dance which the Graces taught to Spartan sinews. Hio, there-begin!"
The Egyptian had by this time told the dancers what they
were expected to do; and they came forward with an affectation
of stern dignity, the burlesque humor of which delighted all
those lively revelers. And when, with adroit mimicry, their slight
arms and mincing steps mocked that grand and masculine measure so associated with images of Spartan austerity and decorum,
the exhibition became so humorously ludicrous that perhaps a
Spartan himself would have been compelled to laugh at it. But
the merriment rose tb its height, when the Egyptian, who had
withdrawn for a few minutes, re-appeared with a Median robe
and mitred cap, and, calling out in his barbarous African accent,
"Way for the conqueror!" threw into his mien and gestures all
the likeness to Pausanias himself which a practiced mime and
posture-master could attain. The laughter of Antagoras alone
was not loud-, it was low and sullen, as if sobs of rage were stifling it; but his eye watched the effect produced, and it answered
the end he had in view.
As the dancers now, while the laughter was at its loudest roar,
vanished behind the draperies, the host rose, and his countenance
was severe and grave.
"Companions, one cup more, and let it be to IIarmodius and
Aristogiton. Let the song in their honor come only from the
lips of free citizens, of our Ionian comrades. Uliades, begin! I
pass to thee a myrtle bough; and under it I pass a sword."
Phen he began the famous hymn ascribed to Callistratus, commencing with a clear and sonorous voice, and the guests repeating
each stanza after him with the enthusiasm which the words usually produced among the Hellenic republicans:'7




146               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
I in a myrtle bough the sword will carry,
As did Harmodius and Aristogiton;
When they the tyrant slew,
And back to Athens gave her equal laws.
Thou art in nowise dead, best-loved Harmodius;
Isles of the Blessed are, they say, thy dwelling;
There swift Achilles dwells,
And there, they say, with thee dwells Diomed.
I in a myrtle bough the sword will carry,
As did Harmodius and Aristogiton,
When to Athene's shrine
They gave their sacrifice-a tyrant man.
Ever on earth for both of you lives glory,
O loved Harmodius, loved Aristogiton,
For ye the tyrant slew,
And back to Athens ye gave equal laws.
When the song had ceased, the dancers, the musicians, the
attendant slaves, had withdrawn from the hall, dismissed by a
whispered order from Antagoras.
He, now standing up, took from his brows the floral crown,
and first sprinkling them with wine, replaced the flowers by a
wreath of poplar.. The assembly, a little.while before so noisy,
was hushed into attentive and earnest silence. The action of
Antagoras, the expression of his countenance, the exclusion of
the slaves, prepared all present for something' more than the convivial address of a Symposiarch.
"Men and Greeks," said the Chian, "on the evening before
Teucer led his comrades in exile over the wide waters to found a
second Salamis, he sprinkled his forehead with Lysean dews, being crowned with the poplar leaves-emblems of hardihood and
contest; and, this done, he invited his companions to dispel their
cares for the night, that their hearts might with more cheerful
hope and bolder courage meet what the morrow might bring to
them on the ocean. I imitate the ancient hero, in honor less of
him than of the name of Salamis. We, too, have a Salamis to
remember, and a second Salamis to found. Can ye forget that,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               14 7
had the advice of the Spartan leader Eurybiades been adopted,
the victory of Salamis would never have been achieved? He was
for retreat to the Isthmus; he was for defending the Peloponnese, because in the Peloponnesus was the unsocial, selfish Sp'rta,
and leaving the rest of Hellas to the armament of Xerxes. Themistocles spoke against the ignoble counsel; the Spartan raised
his staff to strike him. Ye know the Spartan manners.'Strike
if you will, but hear me,' cried Themistocles. He was heard,
Xerxes was defeated, and Hellas saved. I am not Themistocles;
nor is there a Spartan staff to silence free lips. But I too say,
Hear me! for a new Salamis is to be won. What was the former
Salamis?-the victory that secured independence to the Greeks,
and delivered them from the Mede and the Medizing traitors.
Again we must fight a Salamis. Where, ye say, is the Mede? —
not at Byzantium, it is true, in-person; but the Medizing traitor
is here."
A profound sensation thrilled through the assembly.
"Enough of humility do the maritime Ionians practice when
they accept the hegemony of a Spartan landsman; enough of
submission do the free citizens of Hellas show when they suffer
the imperious Dorian to sentence them to punishments only fit
for slaves. But when the Spartan appears in the robes of the
Mede, when the imperious Dorian places in the government of
a city, which our joint arms now occupy, a recreant who has
changed an Eretrian birthright for a Persian satrapy; when prisoners, made by the valor -of all Hellas, mysteriously escape the
care of the Lacediemonian, who wears their garb, and imitates
their manners-say, O ye Greeks, O ye warriors, if there is no
second Salamis to conqqer!"
The animated words, and the wine already drunk, produced on
the banqueters an effect sudden, electrical, universal. They had
come to the hall gay revelers; they were prepared to leave the
hall stern conspirators.
Their hoarse murmur was as the voice of the sea before a
storm.
Antagoras surveyed them with a fierce joy, and, with a change
of tone, thus continued: "Ye understand me, ye know already




148              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
that a delivery is to be achieved. I pass on: I submit to your
wisdom the mode of achieving it. While I speak, a swift-sailing
vessel bears to Sparta the complaints of myself, of Uliades, and
of many Ionian captains here present, against the Spartan General. And although the Athenian chiefs decline to proffer complaints of their own, lest their State, which has risked so much
for the common cause, be suspected of using the admiration it
excites for the purpose of subserving its ambition, yet Cimon,
the young son of the great Miltiades, who has ties of friendship
and hospitality with families of high mark in Sparta, has been
persuaded 4t add to our public statement a private letter to the
effect that, speaking for himself, not in the name of Athens, he
deems our complaints justly founded, and the recall of Pausanias
expedient for the discipline of the armament. But can we say
what effect this embassy may have upon a sullen and haughty government; against, too, a royal descendant of Hercules;
against the General who at Platiea flattered Sparta with a renown
to which her absence from Marathon, and her meditated flight
from Salamis, gave but disputable pretensions?"
"And," interrupted Uliades, rising, "and- if, 0 Antagoras, I
may crave pardon for standing a moment between thee and thy
guests-and this is not all, for even if they recall Pausanias, they
may send us another general as bad, and without the fame which
somewhat reconciles our Ionian pride to the hegemony of a
Dorian. Now, whatever my quarrel with Pausanias, I am less
against a man than a principle. I anf a seaman, and against the
principle of having for the commander of the Greek fleet a Spartan who does not know how to handle a sail. I am an Ionian,
and against the principle of placing the Ionian race under the
imperious domination of a Dorian. Therefore I say, now is the
moment to emancipate our blood and our ocean-the one from
an alien, the other from a landsman. And the hegemony of the
Spartan should pass away."
Uliades sat down with an applause more clamorous than had
greeted the eloquence of Antagoras, for the pride of race and of
special calling is ever more strong in its impulses than hatred to
a single man. And, despite of all that could be said against




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               149
Pausanias, still these warriors felt awe for his greatness, and remembered that at Platpea, where all were brave, he had been proclaimed the bravest.
Antagoras, with the quickness of a republican Greek, trained
from  earliest youth to sympathy with popular assemblies, saw
that Uliades had touched the right key, and swallowed down
with a passionate gulp his personal wrath against his rival, which
might otherwise have been carried too far, and have lost him the
advantage he had gained.
"Rightly and wisely speaks Uliades," said he.  "Our cause is
that of our whole race; and clear has that true Samian made it
to you all, O Ionians and captains of the seas, that we must not
wait for the lordly answer Sparta may return to our embassage.
Ye know that while night lasts we must return to our several vessels; an hour more, and we shall be on deck. To-morrow Pausanias reviews the fleet, and we may be some days before we return to land, and can meet in concert. Whether to-morrow or
later the occasion for action may present itself, is a question I
would pray you to leave to these whom you intrust with the discretionary power to act."
"How act?" cried a Lesbian officer.
" Thus would I suggest," said Antagoras, with well-dissembled
humility; "let the captains of one or more Ionian vessels perform such a deed of open defiance against Pausanias as leaves to
them no option between death and success; having so done, hoist
a signal, and, sailing at once to the Athenian ships, place tlemselves under the Athenian leader; all the rest of the Ionian captains will then follow their example. And then, too numerous
and too powerful to be punished for a revolt, we shall proclaim a
revolution, and declare that we will all sail back to our native havens unless we have the liberty of choosing our own hegemon."
"But," said the Lesbian who had before spoken, " the Athenians as yet have held back and declined our overtures, and without them we are not strong enough to cope with the Peloponnesian allies."
"The Athenians will be compelled to protect the Ionians, if
the Ionians in sufficient force demand it," said Uliades. "For as




150              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
we are naught without them, they are naught without us. Take
the course suggested by Antagoras: I advise it. Ye know me,
a plain man, but I speak not without warrant. And before the
Spartans can either contemptuously dismiss our embassy or send
us out another general, the Ionian will be the mistress of the
Hellenic seas, and Sparta, the land of oligarchies, will no more
have the power to oligarchize democracy.  Otherwise, believe
me, that power she has now from her hegemony, and that power,
whenever it suit her, she will use."
Uliades was chiefly popular in the fleet as a rough, good seaman, as a blunt and somewhat vulgar humorist. But whenever he
gave advice, the advice carried with it a weight not always bestowed upon superior genius, because, from the very commonness
of his nature, he reached at the common sense and the common
feelings of those whom he addressed. He spoke, in short, what
an ordinary man thought and felt. He was a practical man, brave,
but not overaudacious, not likely to run himself or others into
idle dangers; and when he said he had a warrant for his advice,
he was believed to speak from his knowledge of the course which
the Athenian chiefs, Aristides and Cimon, would pursue if the
plan recommended were actively executed.
"I am convinced," said the Lesbian. "And since all are grateful to Athens for that final stand against the Mede, to which all
Greece owes her liberties, and since the chief of her armaments
here is a man of so modest a virtue, and so clement a justice, as
we all acknowledge in Aristides, fitting is it for us Ionians to constitute Athens the maritime sovereign of our race."
"Are ye all of that mind?" cried Antagoras, and was answered
by the universal shout, "We are-all!" or if the shout was not
universal, none heeded the few whom fear or prudence might
keep silent. "All that remains, then, is to appoint the captain
who shall hazard the first danger and make the first signal. For
my part, as one of the electors, I give my vote for Jliades, and
this is my ballot." He took from his temples the poplar wreath,
and cast it into a silver vase on the tripod placed before him.
"Uliades by acclamation!" cried several voices.
"I accept," said the Ionian; "and as Ulysses, a prudent man,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               151
asked for a colleague in enterprises of danger, so I ask for a companion in the hazard I undertake, and I select Antagoras."
This choice received the same applauding acquiescence as that
which had greeted the nomination of the Ionian.
And in the midst of the applause was heard without the sharp,
shrill sound of the Phrygian pipe.
"Comrades," said Antagoras, "ye hear the summons to our
ships? Our boats are waiting at the steps of the quay, by the
Temple of Neptune. Two sentences more, and then to sea. First,
silence and fidelity; the finger to the lip, the right hand raised to
Zeus Horkios. For a pledge, here is an oath. Secondly, be this
the signal: whenever ye shall see Uliades and myself steer our
triremes out of the line in which they may be marshaled, look
forth and watch, breathless; and the instant you perceive that
beside our flags of Samos and Chios we hoist the ensign of
Athens, draw off from your stations, and follow the wake of our
keels, to the Athenian navy. Then, as the gods direct us. Hark!
a second time shrills the fife."




152              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER V.
AT the very hour when the Ionian captains were hurrying
toward their boats Pausanias was pacing his decks alone, with irregular strides, and through the cordage and the masts the starshine came fitfully on his troubled features. Long undecided he
paused, as the waves sparkled to the stroke of oars, and beheld
the boats of the feasters making toward the division of the fleet
in which lay the navy of the isles. Farther on, remote and still,
anchored the ships of Athens. Hle clenched his hand, and turned
from the sight.
" To lose an empire," he muttered, " and without a struggle;
an empire over yon mutinous rivals, over yon happy and envied
Athens: an empire-where its limits?-if Asia puts her armies
to my lead, why should not Asia be Hellenized, rather than Hellas
be within the tribute of the Mede?  Dull, dull, stolid Sparta!
methinks I could pardon the slavery thou inflictest on my life,
didst thou but leave unshackled my intelligence. But each vast
scheme to be thwarted, every thought for thine own aggrandizement beyond thy barren rocks, met and inexorably baffled by a
selfish aphorism, a cramping saw-' Sparta is wide eno' for Spartans.'-' Ocean is the element of the fickle.'-' What matters the
ascendency of Athens?-it does not cross the Isthmus.' —'Venture nothing where I want nothing.' Why, this is the soul's
prison! Ah, had I been born Athenian, I had never uttered a
thought against my country. She and I would have expanded
and aspired together."
Thus arguing with himself, he at length confirmed his resolve,
and with a steadfast step entered his pavilion. There, not on
broidered cushions, but by preference on the hard floor, without
coverlet, lay Lysander calmly sleeping, his crimson warlike cloak,
weather-stained, partially wrapped around him; no pillow to his
head but his own right arm.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               153
By the light of the high lamp that stood within the pavilion,
Pausanias contemplated the slumberer.
"He says he loves me, and yet can sleep," he murmured, bitterly. Then, seating himself before a table, he began to write,
with slowness and precision, whether as one not accustomed to
the task or weighing every word.
When he had concluded, he again turned his eyes to the sleeper. "How tranquil! Was my sleep ever as serene?  I will not
disturb him to the last."
The fold of the curtain was drawn aside, and Alcman entered
noiselessly.
" Thou hast obeyed?" whispered Pausanias.
"Yes; the ship is ready, the wind favors. Hast thou decided?"
" I have," said Pausanias, with compressed lips.
Hie rose, and touched Lysander lightly, but the touch sufficed;
the sleeper woke on the instant, casting aside slumber easily as a
garment.
" My Pausanias," said the young Spartan, "I am at thine orders-shall I go? Alas! I read thine eye, and I shall leave thee
in peril."
"Greater peril in the council of the Ephors and in the babbling
lips of the hoary Gerontes than amidst the meeting of armaments. Thou wilt take this letter to the Ephors. I have said in
it but little; I have said that I confide my cause to thee. Remember that thou insist on the disgrace to me-the Heracleid,
and through me to Sparta, that my recall would occasion; remember that thou prove that my alleged harshness is but necessary to the discipline that preserves armies, and to the ascendency of Spartan rule. And as to the idle tale of Persian prisoners
escaped, why thou knowest how even the Ionians could make
nothing of that change. Crowd all sail, strain every oar; no ship
in the fleet so swift as that which bears thee. I care not for the
few hours' start the tale-bearers have. Our Spartan forms are
slow; they can scarce have an audience ere thou reach. The
gods speed and guard thee, beloved friend. With thee goes all;
the future of Pausanias."




154-             PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
Lysander grasped his hand in a silence more eloquent than
words, and a tear fell on that hand which he clasped. " Be not
ashamed of it," he said then, as he turned away, and, wrapping
his cloak round his face, left the pavilion. Aleman followed,
lowered a boat from the side, and in a few moments the Spartan
and the Mothon were on the sea. The boat made to a vessel close
at hand-a vessel built in Cyprus, manned by Bithynians; its sails
were all up, but it bore no flag. Scarcely had Lysander climbed
the deck when it heaved to and fro, swaying as the anchor was
drawn up, then, righting itself, sprung forward, like a hound unleashed for the chase. Pausanias, with folded arms, stood on the
deck of his own vessel, gazing after it, gazing long, till, shooting
far beyond the fleet, far toward the melting line between sea and
sky, it grew less and lesser; and as the twilight dawned, it had
faded into space.
The Heracleid turned to Aleman, who, after he had conveyed
Lysander to the ship, had regained his master's side.
"What thinkest thou, Aleman, will be the result of all this?"
"The emancipation of the Helots," said the Mothon, quietly.
"The Athenians are too near thee; the Persians are too far.
Wouldst thou have armies Sparta can neither give nor take away
from thee, bind to thee a race by the strongest of human ties —
make them see in thy power the necessary condition of their freedom."
Pausanias made no answer. He turned within his pavilion,
and, flinging himself down on the same spot from which he had
disturbed Lysander,' said, "Sleep here was so kind to him that it
may linger where he left it. I have two hours yet for oblivion
before the sun rise."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              155
CHAPTER VI.
IF we were enabled minutely to examine the mental organization of men who have risked great dangers, whether by the impulse of virtue or in the perpetration of crime, we should probably find therein a large preponderance of hope. By that preponderance we should account for those heroic designs which
would annihilate prudence as a calculator, did not a sanguine confidence in the results produce special energies to achieve them,
and thus create a prudence of its own, being, as it were, the selfconscious admeasurement of the diviner strength which justified
the preterhuman spring. Nor less should we account by the
same cause for that audacity which startles'us in criminals on a
colossal scale, which blinds them' to the risks of'detection, and
often at the bar of justice,' while the evidences that insure condemnation are thickening round them, with the persuasion of
acquittal or escape. Hope is thus alike the sublime inspirer or
the arch corrupter; it is the foe of terror, the defier of consequences, the buoyant gamester which at every loss doubles the
stakes, with a firm hand rattles the dice, and,.invoking ruin, cries
within itself, " How shall I expend the gain?"
In,the character, therefore, of a man like Pausanias, risking so
much glory, daring so much peril, strong indeed must have been
this sanguine motive power of human action. Nor is a large and
active development of hope incompatible with a temperament
habitually grave and often profoundly melancholy.  For hope
itself is often engendered by discontent.  A vigorous nature
keenly susceptible to joy, and deprived of the possession of the
joy it yearns for by circumstances that surround it in the present, is goaded on by its impatience and dissatisfaction; it hopes
for the something it has not got, indifferent to the things it possesses, and saddened by the want which it experiences. And




156               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.therefore it has been well said by philosophers that real happiness
would exclude desire; in other words, not only at the gates of
hell, but at the porch of heaven, he who entered would leave hope
behind him. For perfect bliss is but supreme content. And if
content could say to itself, "But I hope for something more," it
would destroy its own existence.
From  his brief slumber the Spartan rose refreshed.  The
trumpets were sounding near him, and the very sound brightened
his aspect, and animated his spirits.
Agreeably to orders he had given the night before, the anchor
was raiwd, the rowers were on their benches, the libation to the
Carnean Apollo, under whose special protection the ship-was
placed, had been poured forth, and with the rising sea and to the
blare of trumpets the gorgeous trireme moved forth from the
bay.
It moved, as the trumpets ceased, to the note of a sweeter, but
not less exciting, music. For, according to Hellenic custom, to
the rowers was allotted a musician, with whose harmony their
oars, when first putting forth to sea, kept time. And on this occasion Alcman superseded the wonted performer by his own
more popular song and the melody of his richer voice. Standing
by the mainmast, and holding the large harp, which was stricken
by the quill, its strings being deepened by a sounding-board, he
chanted an Io Paean to the Dorian god of ligat and poesy. The
harp at stated intervals was supported by a burst of flutes, and
the burden of the verse was caught up by the rowers as in chorus.
Thus, far and wide over the shining waves, went forth the hymn.
Io, Io Pean! slowly. Song and oar must chime together:
Io, Io Paean! by what title call Apollo?
Clarian t Xanthian? Bo6dromian?
Countless are thy names, Apollo.
Io CarnEe, Io CarnEe!
By the margent of Eurotas,'Neath the shadows of Taygetus,
Thee the sons of Lacedmamon
Name Carneus. Io, Io!
Io CarnEe! Io Camrne!




PAUSANIAS, THE - SPARTAN.              157
Io, Io Paean! quicker. Song and voice must chime together:
Io Paean! Io Paean! King Apollo, Io, Io!
Io Carnee!
For thine altars do the seasons
Paint the tributary flowers,
Spring thy hyacinth restores,
Summer greets thee with the rose,
Autumn the blue Cyane mingles
With the coronals of corn,
And in every wreath thy laurel
Weaves its everlasting green.
Io Carnie! Io Carleie!
For the brows Apollo favors
Spring and winter does the laurel
Weave its everlasting green.
io, Io Plean! louder. Voice and oar must chime together:
For the brows Apollo favors
Even Ocean bears the laurel.
Io Carne! Io Carnee!
Io, Io Poean! stronger. Strong are those who win the laurel.
As the ship of the Spartan commander thus bore out to sea,
the other vessels of the armament had been gradually forming
themselves into a crescent, preserving still the order in which the
allies maintained their several contributions to the fleet, the Athenian ships at the extreme end occupying the right wing, the Peloponnesians massed together at the left.
The Chian galleys adjoined the Samian; for Uliades and Antagoras had contrived that their ships should be close to each
other, so that they might take counsel at any moment and act in
concert.
And now when the fleet had thus opened its arms, as it were,
to receive the commander, the great trireme of Pausanias began
to veer round, and to approach the half moon of the expanded armament. On it came, with its beaked prow, like a falcon. swooping down on some array of the lesser birds.
From the stern hung a gilded shield and a crimson pennon.




158              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
The heavy-armed soldiers in their Spartan mail occupied the centre of the vessel, and the sun shone full upon their armor.
"By Pallas the guardian," said Cimon, "it is the Athenian
vessels that the strategus honors with his first visit."
And indeed the Spartan galley now came' along-side that of
Aristides, the admiral of the Athenian navy.
The soldiers on board the former gave way on either side.
And a murmur of admiration circled through the Athenian ship,
as Pausanias suddenly appeared. F.or, as if bent that day on either awing mutiny or conciliating the discontented, the Spartan
chief had wisely laid aside the wondrous Median robes. He stood
on her stern in the armor he had wori at Platsea, resting one
hand upon his shield, which itself rested on the deck. His head
alone was uncovered, his long sable locks gathered up into a knot,
in the Spartan fashion, a crest, as it were, in itself to that lofty
head. And so imposing were his whole air and carriage, that Cimon, gazing at him, muttered, "What profane hand will dare to
rob that demi-god of command?"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              159
CHAPTER VII.
PAUSANIAS came on board the vessel of the Athenian admiral,
attended by the five Spartan chiefs who have been mentioned before as the warlike companions assigned to him. He relaxed the
haughty demeanor which had given so much displeasure, adopting a tone of marked courtesy. He spoke with high and merited
praise of the seaman-like appearance of the Athenian crews, and.
the admirable build and equipment of their vessels.
"Pity only," said he, smiling, " that we have no Persians on
the ocean now, and that instead of their visiting us we must go in
search of them."
"Would that be wise on our part?" said Aristides. " Is not
Greece large enough for Greeks?"
"Greece has not done growing," answered the Spartan; "and
the gods forbid that she should do so.  When man ceases to
grow in height he expands in bulk; when he stops there too, the
frame begins to stoop, the muscles to shrink, the skin to shrivel,
and decrepit old age steals on. I have heard it said of the Athenians that they think nothing done while aught remains to do.
Is it not truly said, worthy son of Miltiades."
Cimon bowed his head. "General, I can not disavow the sentiment. But if Greece entered Asia, would it not be as a river
that runs into a sea? it expands, and is merged."
"The river, Cimon, may lose the sweetness of its wave, and
take the brine of the sea. But the Greek can never lose the
flavor of the Greek genius; and could he penetrate the universe,
the universe would be Hellenized. But if, O Athenian chiefs, ye
judge that we have now done all that is needful to protect Athens, and awe the Barbarian, ye must be longing to retire from
the armament and return to your homes."
"When it is fit that we should return, we shall be recalled,"
said Aristides, quietly.




160              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN'
"What, is your state so unerring in its judgment? Experience
does not permit me to think so, for it ostracized Aristides."
"An honor," replied the Athenian, "that I did not. deserve,
but an action that, had I been the adviser of those who sent me
forth, I should have opposed as too lenient. Instead of ostracizing me, they should have cast both myself and Themistocles into
the Barathrum."
"You speak with true Attic honor, and I comprehend that
where, in commonwealths constituted like yours, party runs high,
and the state itself is shaken, ostracism may be a necessary tribute
to the very virtues that attract the zeal of a party and imperil the
equality ye so prize. But what can compensate to a state for
the evil of depriving itself of its greatest citizens?"
"Peace and freedom," said Aristides. " If you would have the
young trees thrive, you must not let one tree be so large as to
overshadow them. Ah, General, at Platoea," added the Athenian,
in a benignant whisper, for the grand image before him moved
his heart with a mingled feeling of generous admiration and prophetic pity-" ah, pardon me if I remind thee of the ring of Polycrates, and say that Fortune is a queen that requires tribute.
Man should tremble most when most seemingly fortune-favored, and guard most against a fall when his rise is at the highest."
"But it is only at its highest flight that the eagle is safe from
the arrow," answered Pausanias.
"And the nest the eagle has forgotten in her soaring is the
more exposed to the spoiler."
" Well, my nest is in rocky Sparta; hardy the spoiler who ventures thither. Yet, to descend from these speculative comparisons, it seems that thou hast a friendly and meaning purpose in
thy warnings. Thou -knowest that there are in this armament
men who grudge to me whatever I now owe to Fortune; who
would topple me from the height to which I did not climb, but
was led by the congregated Greeks; and who, while, perhaps,
they are forging arrow-heads for the eagle, have sent to place poison and a snare in its distant nest. So the Nausicaa is on its
voyage to Sparta, conveying to the Ephors complaints against




PAUSANI-AS, THE SPARTAN.            161
me —complaints from men who fought by my side- against the
Mede!"'
"I have heard that a Cyprian vessel left the fleet yesterday,
bound to Laconia. I have heard that it does bear men' charged
by some of the Ionians with representations unfavorable to the
continuance of thy command.  It bears none from me as the
Nauarchus of the Athenians. But-"
" But-what?"
"But I have complained to thyself, Pausanias, in vain."
" Hast thou complained of late, and in vain?"
" Nay."
"Honest men may err. If they amend, do just men continue
to accuse 8'.
"I do not accuse, Pausanias; I but imply that those who do
may have a cause; but it will be heard before a tribunal of thine
own countrymen, and doubtless thou hast sent to the tribunal
those who may meet the charge on thy behalf."
"Well," said Pausanias, still preserving his studied urbanity.
and lofty smile, " even Agamemnon and Achilles quarreled; but
Greece took Troy not the less. And, at least, since Aristides does
not denounce met, if I have committed even worse faults than
Agamemnon, I have not made-an enemy of Achilles. And if,"
he added, after a pause, " if some of these Ionians, not waiting for
the return of their envoys, openly mutiny, they must be treated
as Thersites was." Then he hurried on quickly, for, observing
that Cimon's brow lowered and his lips quivered, he desired to
cut off all words that might lead to altercation.
"But I have a request to ask of the Athenian Nauarchus.
Will you gratify myself and the fleet by putting your Athenian
triremes into play? Your seamen are so famous for their manceluvres that they might furnish us with sports of more grace
and agility than do the Lydian dancers. Landsmaii though I be,
no sight more glads mine eye than these sea-lions of pine and
brass, bounding under the yoke of their tamers. I presume not
to give thee instructions what to perform. Who can dictate to
the seamen of Salamis? But when your ships have played out
their martial sport, let them exchange stations with the Pelopon



162              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
nesian vessels, and occupy for the present the left of the armament. Ye object not?"
"Place us where thou wilt, as was said to thee at Platoea," answered Aristides.
"I now leave ye to prepare, Athenians, and greet ye, saying,
The Good to the Beautiful."
"A wondrous presence for a Greek commander!" said Cimon,
as Pausanias again stood on the stern of his own vessel, which
moved off toward the ships of the Islands.
"And no mean capacity," returned Aristides.  "See you not
his object in transplacing us?"
"Ha, truly; in case of mutiny on board the Ionian ships, he
separates them from Athens. But woe to him if he thinks in his
heart'that an Ionian is a Thersites, to be silenced by the blow of
a sceptre: Meanwhile let the Greeks see' what manner of seamen
are the Athenians. Methinks this game ordained to us is a contest before Neptune, and for a crown."
Pausanias bore right on toward the vessels from the ~Egean
Isles. Their masts and prows were heavy with garlands, but no
music sounded from their decks, no welcoming shout fiom their
crews.
"Son of Cleombrotus," said the prudent Erasinidas, "sullen
dogs bite. Unwise the stranger who trusts himself to their kennel. Pass not to those triremes; let the captains, if thou wantest
them, come to thee."
Pausanias replied, "Dogs fear the steady eye and spring at the
recreant back. Helmsman, steer to yonder ship with the olivetree on the parasemon, and the image of Bacchus on the guardian
standard. It is the ship of Antagoras, the Chian captain.".
Pausanias turned to his warlike Five.  "This time; forgive me,
I go alone." And before their natural Spartan slowness enabled
them to combat this resolution, their leader was by the side of
his rival, alone in the Chian vessel, and surrounded by his sworn
foes.
"Antagoras," said the Spartan, "a Chian seaman's ship is his
dearest home. I stand on thy deck as at thy hearth, and ask thy
hospitality; a crust of thy honeyed bread, and a cup of thy Chian




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               163
wine. For from thy ship I would see the Athenian vessels go
through their nautical gymnastics."
The Chian turned pale and trembled; his vengeance was braved
and foiled. He was powerless against the man who trusted to
his honor, and asked to break of his bread and eat of his cup.
Pausanias did not appear to heed the embarrassment of his unwilling host, but, turning round, addressed some careless words to
the soldiers on the raised central platform, and then quietly seated himself, directing his eyes toward the Athenian ships. ~ Upon
these all the sails were now lowered. In nice manceuvres the seamen- preferred trusting to their oars. Presently one vessel started forth, and with a swiftness that seemed to increase at every
stroke.
A table was brought upon deck and placed before Pausanias,
and the slaves began to serve to him such light food as sufficed
to furnish the customary meal of the Greeks in the earlier forenoon.
"But where is mine host?" asked the Spartan. " Does Antagoras himself not deign to share a meal with his guest?"
On receiving the message, Antagoras had no option but to
come forward. The Spartan eyed him  deliberately, and the
young Chian felt with secret rage the magic of that commanding
eye.
Pausanias motioned to him to be seated, making room beside
himself. The Chian silently obeyed.
"Antagoras," said the Spartan, in a low voice, " thou art doubtless one of those who have already infringed the laws of military
discipline and obedience. Interrupt me not yet. A vessel, without vwaiting my permission, has left the fleet with accusations
against me, thy commander; of what nature I am not even advised. Thou wilt scarcely deny that thou art one of those who
sent forth the ship and shared in the accusations. Yet I had
thought that if I had ever merited thine ill-will, there had been
reconciliation between us in the council-hall. What has chanced
since?'Why shouldst thou hate me?  Speak frankly; frankly
have I spoken to thee."
"General," replied Antagoras, "there is no hegemony over




164              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN5'men's hearts; thou sayest truly, as man to man, I hate thee.
Wherefore? Because, as man to man, thou standest between me
and happiness. Because thou wooest, and canst only woo to dishonor, the virgin in whom I would seek the sacred wife."
Pausanias slightly recoiled, and the courtesy he had simulated,
and which was essentially foreign to his vehement and haughty
character, fell from him like a mask. For with the words of Antagoras, jealousy passed within him, and for the moment its agony was such that the Chian was avenged. But he was too habituated to the stateliness of self-control to give vent to the rage
that seized him. He only said, with a whitened and writhing lip,
"Thou art right; all animosities may yield, save those which a
woman's eye can kindle. Thou hatest me-be it so-that is as
man to man. But as officer to chieftain, I bid thee henceforth
beware how thou givest me cause to set this foot on the head
that lifts itself to the height of mine."
With that he rose, turned on his heel, and walked toward the
stern, where he stood apart, gazing on the Athenian triremes,
which by this time were in the broad sea. And all the eyes in
the fleet were turned toward that exhibition. For marvelous were
the ease and beauty with which these ships went through their
nautical movements: now as in chase of each other; now approaching as in conflict, veering off, darting aside, threading, as it
were, a harmonious maze, gliding in and out, here, there, with
the undulous celerity of the serpent. The admirable build of the
ships; the perfect skill of the seamen; the noiseless docility and
instinctive comprehension by which they seemed to seize and to
obey the unforeseen signals of their Admiral-all struck the lively Greeks that beheld the display, and universal was the thought,
if not the murmur, There was the power that should command
the Grecian seas.
Pausanias was too much accustomed to the sway of masses not
to have acquired that electric knowledge of what circles among
them from breast to breast, to which habit gives the quickness of
an instinct. He saw that he had committed an imprudence, and
that in seeking to divert a mutiny he had incurred a yet greater
peril.           ~




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              165
He returned to his own ship without exchanging another word
with Antagoras, who had retired to the centre of the vessel, fearing to trust himself to a premature utterance of that defiance
which the last warning of his chief provoked, and who was therefore arousing the soldiers to louder shouts of admiration at the
Athenian skill.
Rowing back toward the wing occupied by the Peloponnesian
allies, of whose loyalty he was assured, Pausanias then summoned
on board their principal officer, and communicated to him his
policy of placing the Ionians not only apart from the Athenians,
but under the vigilance and control of Peloponnesian vessels in
the immediate neighborhood. "Therefore," said he, "while the
Athenians will occupy this wing, I wish you to divide yourselves;
the Lacedoemonian ships will take the way the Athenians abandon, but the Corinthian triremes will place themselves between
the ships of the Islands and the Athenians. I shall give further
orders toward distributing the Ionian navy. And thus I trust
either all' chance of a mutiny is cut off, or it will be put down at
the first outbreak. Now, give orders to your men to take the
places thus' assigned to you. And having gratified the vanity of
our friends, the Athenians, by their holiday evolutions, I shall send
to thank and release them from the fatigue so gracefully borne."
All those with whom he here conferred, and who had no love
for Athens or Ionia, readily fell into the plan suggested. Pausanias then dispatched a Laconian vessel to the Athenian Admiral,
with complimentary messages and orders to cease the manceuvres,
and then, heading the rest of the Laconian contingent, made slow
and stately way toward the station deserted by the Athenians.
But, pausing once more before the vessels of the Isles, he dispatched orders to their several commanders, which had the effect
of dividing their array, and placing between them the powerful
Corinthian service. In the orders of the vessels he forwarded for
this change, he took especial care to dislocate the dangerous contiguity of the Samian and Chian triremes.
The sun was declining toward the west when Pausanias had
marshaled the vessels he headed, at their new stations, and the
Athenian ships were already anchored close and secured. But




166               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
there was an evident commotion in that part of the fleet to which
the Corinthian galleys had sailed. The jonians had received with
indignant murmurs the command which divided their strength.
Under various pretexts each vessel delayed to move; and when
the Corinthian ships came to take a vacant space, they found a
formidable array-the soldiers on the platforms armed to the
teeth. The confusion was visible to the Spartan chief; the loud
hubbub almost reached to his ears.  He hastened toward the
place; but anxious to continue the gracious part he had so unwontedly played that day, he cleared his decks of their formidable hoplites, lest he might seem to meet menace by menace, and,
drafting them into other vessels, and accompanied only by his
personal serving-men and rowers, he put forth alone, the gilded
shield and the red banner still displayed at his stern.
But as he was thus conspicuous and solitary, and midway in
the space left between the Laconian and Ionian- galleys, suddenly
two ships from the latter darted forth, passed through the centre
of the Corinthian contingent, and steered, with the force of all
their rowers, righttoward the Spartan's ship.
"Surely," said Pausanias, " that is the Chian's vessel. I recognize the vine-tree and the image of the Bromian god; and surely
that other one is the Chimera under Uliades, the Samian. They
come hither, the Ionian with them, to harangue against obedience
to my orders."
" They conre hither to assault us," exclaimed Erasinidas; "their
beaks are right upon us."
He had scarcely spoken, when the Chian's brass prow smote
the gilded shield, and rent the red banner from its staff. At the
same time the Chimera, under Uliades, struck the right side of
the Spartan ship, and with both strokes the stout vessel reeled
and dived. " Know, Spartan," cried Antagoras, from the platform
in the midst of his soldiers, " that we Ionians hold together.  He
who would separate means to conquer us. We disown thy hegemony. If ye would seek us, we are with the Athenians."
With that the two vessels, having performed their insolent and
daring feat, veered and shot off with the same rapidity with which
they had come to the assault; and, as they did so, hoisted the




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             167
Athenian ensign over their own national standards. The instant
that signal was given from the other Ionian vessels, which had
been evidently awaiting it, there came a simultaneous shout; and
all, vacating their place and either gliding through or wheeling
round the Corinthian galleys, steered toward the Athenian fleet.
The trireme of Pausanias, meanwhile, sorely damaged, part of
its side rent away, and the water rushing in, swayed and struggled
alone in great peril of sinking.
Instead of pursuing the Ionians, the Corinthian galleys made
at once to the aid of the insulted commander.
" Oh," cried Pausanias, in powerless wrath," oh, the accursed
element! Oh that mine enemies had attacked me on the land!"
"How are we to act?" said Aristides.
" We are citizens of a Republic in which the majority govern,"
answered Cimon. "And the majority here tell us how we are to
act. Hark to the shouts of our men, as they are opening way for
their kinsmen of the Isles."
The sun sunk, and with it sunk the Spartan maritime ascendency over Hellas. And from that hour in which the Samian and
the Chian insulted the galley of Pausanias, if we accord weight to
the authority. on which Plutarch must have based his tale, commenced the brief and glorious sovereignty of Athens. Commence
when and how it might, it was an epoch most signal in the records of the ancient world for its results upon a civilization to
which as yet human foresight can predict no end.








BOOK IV.








PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               171
CHAPTER I.
WE pass from Byzantium; we are in Sparta. In the Archeion,
or office of the Ephoralty, sat five men, all somewhat advanced in
years. These constituted that stern and terrible authority which
had gradually, and from unknown beginnings,* assumed a kind
of tyranny over the descendants of Hercules themselves. They
were the representatives of the Spartan people, elected without
reference to rank or wealth,t and possessing jurisdiction not only
over the ielots and Laconians, but over most of the magistrates.
They could suspend or terminate any office; they could accuse
the kings, and bring them before a court in which they themselves
were judges upon trial of life and death. They exercised control
over the armies and the embassies sent abroad; and the king, at
the head of his forces, was still bound to receive his instructions
from this Council of Five. Their duty, in fact, was to act as a
check upon the kings, and they were the representatives of that
nobility which embraced the whole Spartan people, in contradistinction to the Laconians and Helots.
The conference in which they engaged seemed to rivet their
most earnest attention. And as the presiding Ephor continued
the observations he addressed to them, the rest listened with profound and almost breathless silence.
* K. O. Muller ("Dorians"), book 3, ch. 7, Q 2. According to Aristotle, Cicero, and others, the Ephoralty was founded by Theopompus
subsequently to the mythical time of Lyf'urgus. To Lycurgus himself it is referred by Xenophon and Herodotus. MUller considers
rightly that, though an ancient Doric institution, it was incompatible
with the primitive constitution of Lycurgus, and had gradually acquired its peculiar character by causes operating on the Spartan State
alone.
t Aristot., Pol. ii.




172               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
The speaker, named Periclides, was older than the others.  His
frame, still upright and sinewy, was yet lean almost to emaciation,
his face sharp, and his dark eyes gleamed with a cunning and sinister light under his gray brows.
" If," said he, "we are to believe these Ionians, Pausanias meditates some deadly injury to Greece. As for the complaints of
his arrogance, they are to be received with due caution. Our
Spartans, accustomed to the peculiar discipline of the Laws of.Egimius, rarely suit the humors of Ionians and innovators. The
question to consider is not whether he has been too imperious toward Ionians who were but the other day subjected to the Mede,
but whether he can make the command he received from Sparta
menacing to Sparta herself. We lend him iron, he hath holpen
himself to gold."
"Besides the booty at Platmea, they say that he has amassed
much plunder at Byzantium," said Zeuxidamus, one of the Ephors, after a pause.
Periclides looked hard at the speaker, and the two men exchanged a significant glance.
"For my part," said a third, a man of a severe but noble countenance, the father of Lysander, and, what was not usual with the
Ephors, belonging to one of the highest families of Sparta, " I
have- always held that Sparta should limit its policy to self-defense; that, since the Persian invasion is over, we have no business with Byzantium. Let the busy Athenians obtain, if they
will, the empire of the sea. The sea is no province of ours. All
intercourse with foreigners, Asiatics and Ionians, enervates our
men and corrupts our generals. Recall Pausanias — recall our
Spartans. I have said."
"Recall Pausanias first," said Periclides, "and we shall then
hear the truth, and decidewhat is best to be done."
" If he has Medized, if he has conspired against Greece, let us
accuse him to the death," said Agesilaus, Lysander's father.
"WVe may accuse, but it rests not with us to sentence," said
Periclides, disapprovingly.
"And," said a fourth Ephor, with a visible shudder, "what Spartan dare counsel sentence of death to the descendant of the gods?"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN,              173
"I dare," replied Agesilaus, "but provided only that the descendant of the gods had counseled death to Greece. And for
that reason, I say that I would not, without evidence the clearest,
even harbor the thought that a Heracleid could meditate treason
to his country."
Periclides felt the reproof, and bit his lips.
"Besides," observed Zeuxidamus, "fines enrich the state."
Periclides nodded approvingly.
An expression of lofty contempt passed over the brow and lip
of Agesilaus. But with national self-command, he replied gravely, and with equal laconic brevity, "If Pausanias hath committed
a trivial error that a fine can expiate, so be it. But talk not of
fines till ye acquit him of all treasonable connivance with the
Mede."
At that moment an officer entered on the conclave, and, approaching the presiding Ephor, whispered in his ear.
"This is well," exclaimed Periclides, aloud.  "A  messenger
from Pausanias himself. Your son Lysander has just arrived
from Byzantium."
"My son!" exclaimed Agesilaus, eagerly, and then, checking
himself, added calmly, " That is a sign no danger to Sparta threatened Byzantium when he left."
"Let him be admitted," said Periclides.
Lysander entered; and, pausing at a little distance from the
council-board, inclined his head submissively to the Ephors: save
a rapid interchange of glances, no separate greeting took place
between son and father.
"Thou art welcome," said Periclides. "Thou hast done thy
duty since thou hast left the city. Virgins will praise thee as
the brave man; age, more sober, is contented to say thou hast
upheld the Spartan name. And thy father without shame may
take thy hand."
A warm flush spread over the young man's face. He stepped
forward with a quick step, his eyes beaming with joy. Calm and
stately, his father rose, clasped the extended hand, then, releasing
his own, placed it an instant on his son's bended head, and reseated himself in silence.




174              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Thou camest straight from Pausanias?" said Periclides.
Lysander drew from his vest the dispatch intrusted to him, and
gave it to the presiding Ephor. Periclides half rose, as if to take
with more respect what had come from the hand of the son of
Hercules.
"Withdraw, Lysander," he said, "and wait without while we
deliberate on the contents herein."
Lysander obeyed, and returned to the outer chamber.
Here he was instantly surrounded by eager, though not noisy,
groups. Some in that chamber were waiting on business connected with the civil jurisdiction of the Ephors. Some had gained
admittance for the purpose of greeting their brave countryman,
and hearing news of the distant camp from one who had so lately
quit the great Pausanias. For men could talk without restraint
of their General, though it was but with reserve and indirectly
that they slid in some furtive question.as to the health and safety
of a brother or a son.
"My heart warms to be among ye again," said the simple
Spartan youth. "As I came through the defiles from the seacoast, and saw on the height the gleam from the old Temple of
Pallas Chalcicecus, I said to myself,'Blessed be the gods that
ordained me to live with Spartans or die with Sparta!"'
-" Thou wilt see how much we shall make of thee, Lysander,"
cried a Spartan youth a little younger than himself, one of the
superior tribe of the Hylleans.  "We have heard of thee at
Plataea.  It is said.that had Pausanias not been there thou
wouldst have been called the bravest Greek in the armament."
"Hush!" said Lysander, "thy few years excuse thee, young
friend. Save our General, we were all equals in the day of battle."
" So thinks not my sister Percalus," whispered the youth, archly; " scold her as thou dost me, if thou dare."
Lysander colored, and replied in a voice that slightly trembled,
"I can not hope that thy sister interests herself in me. Nay,
when I left Sparta, I thought-" He checked himself.
"Thought what?"
"That among those who remained behind Percalus might find
her betrothed long before I returned."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              175
"Among those who remained behind! Percalus! How meanly thou must think of her 1"
Before Lysander could utter the eager assurance that he was
very far from thinking meanly of Percalus, the other by-standers,
impatient at this whispered colloquy, seized his attention with a
volley of questions, to which he gave but curt and not very relevant answers, so much had the lad's few sentences disturbed the
calm tenor of his existing self-possession. Nor did he quite regain his presence of mind until he was once more summoned into
the presence of the Ephors.




1736             PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER II.
THE communication of Pausanias had caused an animated discussion in the Council, and led to a strong division of opinion.
But the faces of the Ephors, rigid and composed, revealed nothing to guide the sagacity of Lysander as he re-entered the chamber. He himself, by a strong effort, had recovered from the disturbance into which the words of the boy had thrown his mind,
and he stood before the Ephors intent upon the object of defending the name and fulfilling the commands of his chief. So reverent and grateful was the love that he bore to Pausanias that he
scarcely permitted himself even to blame the deviations from
Spartan austerity which he secretly mourned in his mind; and as
to the grave guilt of treason to the Hellenic cause, he had never
suffered the suspicion of it to rest upon an intellect that only
failed to be penetrating where its sight was limited by discipline
and affection. He felt that Pausanias had intrusted to him his
defense; and though he would fain, in his secret heart, have beheld the Regent once more in Sparta, yet he well knew that it
was the duty of obedience and friendship to plead against the
sentence of recall which was so dreaded by his chief.
With all his thoughts collected toward that end, he stood before the Ephors, modest in demeanor, vigilant in purpose.
"Lysander," said Periclides, after a short pause, " we know thy
affection to the Regent, thy chosen friend; but we know, also,
thy affection for thy native Sparta: where the two may come
into conflict, it is, and it must be, thy country which will claim
the preference. We charge thee, by virtue of our high powers
and authority, to speak the truth on the questions we shall address to thee, without fear or favor."
Lysander bowed his head.  "I am in presence of Sparta my
mother, and Agesilaus my father. They know that I was not
reared to lie to either."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              177
"Thou say'st well. Now answer. Is it true that Pausanias
wears the robes of the Mede."
" It is true."
"And has he stated to thee his reasons 2"
"Not only to me, but.to others."
"What are they?"
"That, in the mixed and half-Medized population of Byzantium, splendor of attire has become so associated with the notion
of sovereign power that the Eastern dress and attributes of pomp
are essential to authority; -and that men bow before his tiara who
might rebel against the helm and the horse-hair. Outward signs
have a value, 0 Ephors, according to the notions men are brought
up to attach to them."
"Good," said one of the Ephors.  "There is in this departure
from our habits, be it right or wrong, no sign, then, of connivance with the Barbarian."
"Connivance is a thing secret and concealed, and shuns all outward signs."
"But," said Periclides, "what say the other Spartan captains
to this vain fashion, which saviors not of the laws of ~Egimius."
"The first law of zEgimius commands us to fight and to die
for the king or the chief who has kingly sway. The Ephors
may blame, but the soldier must not question."
"Thou speakest boldly for so young a man," said Periclides,
harshlv.
" I was commanded to speak the truth."
" Has Pausanias intrusted the command of Byzantium to
Gongylus the Eretrian, who already holds four provinces under
Xerxes 2"
" He has done so."
" Know you the reason for that selection?"
"Pausanias says that the Eretrian could not more show his
faith to Hellas than by resigning Eastern satrapies so vast."
" Has he resigned them 2"
"I know not; but I presume that when the Persian king
knows that the Eretrian is leagued against him with the other
captains of Hellas, he will assign the satrapies to another."
8*




178              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"And is it true that the Persian prisoners, Ariamanes and
Datis, have escaped from the custody of Gongylus?"
"It is true. The charge against Gongylus for that error was
heard in a council of confederate captains, and no proof against
him was brought forward. Cimon was intrusted with the pursuit of the prisoners. Pausanias himself sent forth fifty scouts
on Thessalian horses. The prisoners were not discovered."
"Is it true," said Zeuxidamus, "that Pausanias has amassed
much plunder at Byzantium 8"
"What he has won as a conqueror was assigned to him by
common voice; but he has spent largely out of his own resources in securing the Greek sway at Byzantium."
There was a silence. None liked to question the young soldier
further; none liked to put the direct question, whether or not the
Ionian embassador could have cause for suspecting the descendant of Hercules of harm against the Greeks. At length Agesilaus said:
"I demand the word, and I claim the right to speakplainly.
My son is young, but he is of the blood of Hyllus.
"Son, Pausanias is dear to thee.- Man soon dies: man's name
lives forever. Dear to thee if Pausanias is, dearer must be his
name. In brief, the Ionian embassadors complain of his arrogance toward the confederates; they demand his recall. Cimon
has addressed a private letter to the Spartan host, with whom he
lodged here, intimating that it may be the best for the honor of
Pausanias, and for our weight with the allies, to hearken to the
Ionian embassy. It is a grave question, therefore, whether we
should recall the Regent or refuse to hear these charges. Thou
art fresh from Byzantium; thou must know more of this matter
than we. Loose thy tongue, put aside equivocation. Say thy
mind; it is for us to decide afterward what is our duty to the
state."
"I thank thee, my father," said Lysander, coloring deeply at a
compliment paid rarely to one so young, "and thus I answer
thee:
"Pausanias, in seeking to enforce discipline and preserve the
Spartan supremacy, was at first somewhat harsh and severe to




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             1 79
these Ionians, who had indeed but lately emancipated themselves
from the Persian yoke, and who were little accustomed to steady
rule. But of late he has been affable and courteous, and no complaint was urged against him for austerity at the time when this
embassy was sent to you. Wherefore was it then sent? Partly,
it may be, from motives of private hate, not public zeal, but part-'
ly because the Ionian race sees with reluctance and jealousy the
hegemony of Sparta. I would speak plainly. It is not for me
to say whether ye will or not that Sparta should retain the maritime supremacy of Hellas; but if ye do will it, ye will not recall
Pausanias. No other than the Conqueror of Plataea has a chance
of maintaining that authority. Eager would the Ionians be upon
any pretext, false or frivolous, to rid themselves of Pausanias.
Artfully willing would be the Athenians in especial that ye listened to such pretexts; for, Pausanias gone, Athens remains and
rules. On what belongs to the policy of the state it becomes not
me to proffer a word, 0 Ephors. In what I have said I speak
what the whole armament thinks and murmurs., But this I may
say as soldier to whom the honor of his chief is dear: The recall
of Pausanias may or may not be wise as a public act, but it will
be regarded throughout all Hellas as a personal affront to your
General; it will lower the royalty of Sparta, it will be an insult
to the blood of Hercules. Forgive me, O venerable magistrates.
I have fought by the side of Pausanias, and I can not dare to
think that the great Conqueror of Platwea, the man who saved
Hellas from the Mede, the man who raised Sparta on that day to
a renown which penetrated the farthest corners of the East, will
receive from you other return than fame and glory. And fame
and glory will surely make that proud spirit doubly Spartan."
Lysander paused, breathing hard and coloring deeply-annoyed with himself for a speech of which both the length and the
audacity were much more Ionian than Spartan.
The Ephors looked at each other, and there was again silence.
"'Son of Agesilaus," said Periclides, "thou hast proved thy
Lacedaemonian virtues too well, and too high and general is thy
repute among our army, as it is borne to our ears, for us to doubt
thy purity and patriotism; otherwise, we might fear that while




180              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
thou speakest in some contempt of Ionian wolves, thou hadst
learned the arts of Ionian Agoras. But enough: thou art dismissed. Go to thy home; glad the eyes of thy mother; enjoy
the honors thou wilt find awaiting thee among thy coevals.
Thou wilt learn later whether thou return to Byzantium, or
whether a better field for thy valor may not be found in tte
nearer war with which Arcadia threatens us."
As soon as Lysander left the chamber, Agesilaus spoke:
"Ye will pardon me, Ephors, if I bid my son speak thus boldly. I need not say I am no vain, foolish father, desiring to raise
the youth above his years. But, making allowance for his partiality to the Regent, ye will grant that he is a fair specimen of
our young soldiery. Probably, as he speaks, so will our young
men think. To recall Pausanias is to disgrace our General. Ye
have my mind. If the Regent be guilty of the darker charges
insinuated —correspondence with the Persian against Greece-I
know but one sentence for him-Death. And it is because I
would have ye consider well how dread is such a charge, and how
awful such a sentence, that I entreat ye not lightly to entertain
the one unless ye are prepared to meditate the other. As for the
maritime supremacy of Sparta, I hold, as I have held before, that
it is not within our councils to strive for it: it must pass from
us. We may surrender it later with dignity.  If we recall our
General on such complaints, we lose it with humiliation."
"I agree with Agesilaus," said another.  "Pausanias is a Heracleid; my vote shall not insult him."
"I agree, too, with Agesilaus," said a third Ephor; "not because Pausanias is the Heracleid, but because he is the victorious General who demands gratitude and respect from every true
Spartan."
"Be it so," said Periclides, who, seeing himself thus outvoted
in the council, covered his disappointment with the self-control
habitual to his race. " But be we in no hurry to give these Ionian legates their answer to-day. We must deliberate well how to
send such a reply as may be most conciliating and prudent. And
for the next few days we have an excuse for delay in the religious
ceremonials due to the venerable Divinity of Fear, which com



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             181
mence to-morrow.  Pass we to the other business before us;
there are many whom we have kept waiting. Agesilaus, thou art
excused from the public table to-day, if thou wouldst sup with
thy brave son at home."
"Nay," said Agesilaus, " my son will go to his pheidition and
I to mine-as I did on the day when I lost my first-born."




1-82             PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER III.
ON quitting the Hall of the Ephors, Lysander found himself at
once on the Spartan Agora, wherein that hall was placed. This
was situated on the highest of the five hills, over which the unwalled city spread its scattered population, and was popularly
called the Tower. Before the eyes of the young Spartan rose the
statues, rude and antique, of Latona, the Pythian Apollo, and his
sister Artemis —venerable images to Lysander's early associations.
The place which they consecrated was called Chorus; for there,
in honor of Apollo, and in the most pompous of all the Spartan
festivals, the young men were accustomed to lead the sacred
dance. The Temple of Apollo himself stood a little in the background, and near to it that of Hera. But more vast than any
image of a god was a colossal statue which represented the Spartan people; while on a still loftier pinnacle of the hill than that
table-land which inclosed the Agora-dominating, as it were, the
whole city-soared into the bright-blue sky the sacred Chalcicecus, or Temple of the Brazen Pallas, darkening with its shadow
another fane toward the left dedicated to the Lacedaemonian
Muses, and receiving a gleam on the right from the brazen statue
of Zeus, which was said by tradition to have been made by a disciple of Daedalus himself.
But short time had Lysander to note undisturbed the old familiar scenes. A crowd of his early friends had already collected
round the doors of the Archeion, and rushed forward to greet
and welcome him. The Spartan coldness and austerity of social
intercourse vanished always before the enthusiasm created by the
return to his native city of a man renowned for valor; and Lysander's fame had come back to Sparta before himself. JoyQusly, and in triumph, the young men bore away their comrade. As
they passed through the centre of the Agora, where assembled the
various merchants and farmers, who, under the name of Periceci,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              183
carried on the main business of the Laconian mart, and were often
much wealthier than the Spartan citizens, trade ceased its hubbub; all drew near to gaze on the young warrior; and now, as
they turned from the Agora, a group of eager women met them
on the road, and shrill voices exclaimed, "Go, Lysander, thou hast
fought well-go and choose for thyself the maiden that seems to
thee the fairest. Go, marry, and get sons for Sparta."
Lysander's step seemed to tread on air, and tears of rapture
stood in his downcast eyes. But suddenly all the voices hushed;
the crowds drew back; his friends halted. Close by the great
Temple of Fear, and coming from some place within its sanctuary,
there approached toward the Spartan and his comrades a majestic woman-a woman of so grand a step and port, that, though
her veil as yet hid her face, her form alone sufficed to inspire awe.
All knew her by her gait; all made way for Alithea, the widow
of a king, the mother of Pausanias the Regent. Lysander, lifting
his eyes from the ground, impressed by the hush around him, recognized the form as it advanced slowly toward him, and, leaving
his comrades behind, stepped forward to salute the mother of his
chief. She, thus seeing him, turned slightly aside, and paused by
a rude building of immemorial antiquity which stood near the temple. That building was the tomb of the mythical Orestes, whose
bones were said to have been interred there by the command of
the Delphian Oracle. On a stone at Vie foot of the tomb sat
calmly down the veiled woman, and waited the approach of Lysander. When he came near, and alone-all the rest remaining
aloof and silent-Alithea removed her veil, and a countenance
grand and terrible as that of a Fate lifted its rigid looks to the
young Spartan's eyes. Despite her age-for she had passed into
middle life before she had borne Pausanias-Alithea retained all
the traces of a marvelous and almost preterhuman beauty. But
it was not the beauty of woman. No softness sat on those lips;
no love beamed from those eyes. Stern, inexorable-not a fault
in her grand proportions-the stoutest heart might have felt a
throb of terror as the eye rested upon that pitiless and imposing
front. And the deep voice of the Spartan warrior had a slight
-tremor in its tone as it uttered its respectful salutation.




184              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Draw near, Lysander. What sayest thou of my son 2"
" I left him well, and —"
" Does a Spartan mother first ask of the bodily health of an absent man-child? By the tomb of Orestes and near the Temple
of Fear, a king's widow asks a Spartan soldier what he says of a
Spartan chief."
"All Hellas," replied Lysander, recovering his spirit, "might
answer thee best, Alithea. For all Hellas proclaimed that the
bravest man at Platoaa was thy son, my chief."
" And where did my son, thy chief, learn to boast of bravery?
They tell me he inscribed the offerings to the gods with his name
as the Victor of Plataea-the battle won, not by one man, but assembled Greece. The inscription that dishonors him by its vainglory will be erased. To be brave is naught. Barbarians may
be brave. But to dedicate bravery to his native land becomes a
-Spartan. He who is every thing against a foe should count himself as nothing in the service of his country."
Lysander remained silent under the gaze of those fixed and impqrious eyes.
"Youth," said Alithea, after a short pause, " if thou returnest
to Byzantium, say this from Alithea to thy chief:'From  thy
childhood, Pausanias, has thy mother feared for thee; and at the
Temple of Fear did she sacrifice when she heard that thou wert
victorious at Platiea; foll#n thy heart are the seeds of arrogance
and pride; and victory to thine arms may end in ruin to thy
name. And ever since that day does Alithea haunt the precincts
of that temple. Come back and be Spartan, as thine ancestors
were before thee, and Alithea will rejoice, and think the gods have
heard her. But if thou seest within thyself one cause why thy
mother should sacrifice to Fear, lest her son should break the laws
of Sparta, or sully his Spartan name, humble thyself, and mourn
that thou didst not perish at Plattea. By a temple and from a
tomb I send thee warning.' Say this. I have done; join thy
friends."
Again the veil fell over the face, and the figure of the woman
remained seated at the tomb long after the procession had passed
on, and the mirth of young voices was again released.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN..              185
CHAPTER IV.
THE group that attended Lysander continued to swell as he
mounted the acclivity on which his parental home was placed.
The houses of the Spartan proprietors were at that day not closely packed together as in the dense population of commercial
towns. More like the villas of a suburb, they lay a little apart,
on the unequal surface of the rugged ground, perfectly plain and
unadorned, covering a large space with ample court-yards, closed
in, in front of the narrow streets.  And still was in force the
primitive law which ordained that door-ways should be shaped
only by the saw, and the ceilings by the axe; but in contrast to
the rudeness of the private houses, at every opening in the street
were seen the Doric pillars or graceful stairs of a temple; and
high over all dominated the Tower-hill, or Acropolis, with the
antique fane of Pallas Chalcicecus.  t
And so, loud and joyous, the procession bore the young warrior to the threshold of his home. It was an act of public honior
to his fair repute and his proven valor. And the Spartan felt as
proud of that unceremonious attendance as ever did Roman chief
sweeping under arches of triumph in the curule car.
At the threshold of the door stood his mother-for the tidings
of his coming had preceded him —and his little brothers and sisters. IIis step quickened at the sight of these beloved faces.
"Bound forward, Lysander," said one of the train; "thou hast
won the right to thy mother's kiss."
" But fail us not at the pheidition before sunset," cried another. " Every one of the obe will send his best contribution to the
feast to welcome thee back. We shall have a rare banquet of it."
And so, as his mother drew him within the doors, his arm
round her waist, and the children clung to his cloak, to his knees,
or sprung up to claim his kiss, tlhe procession set up a kind of
chanted shout, and left the warrior in his home.




186              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Oh, this is joy, joy!" said Lysander, with sweet tears in his
eyes, as he sat in the women's apartment, his mother by his side,
and the little ones round him. "Where, save in Sparta, does a.
man love a home?"
And this exclamation, which might have astonished an Ionian
-seeing how much the Spartan civilians merged the individual
in the state-was yet true, where the Spartan was wholly Spartan, where, by habit and association, he had learned to love the
severities of the existence that surrounded him, and where the
routine of duties which took him from his home, whether for exercises or the public tables, made yet more precious the hours of
rest and intimate intercourse with his family. For the gay pleasures and lewd resorts of other Greek cities were not known to
the Spartan. Not for him were the cook-shops and baths and
revels of Ionian idlers. When the state ceased to claim him, he
had nothing but his home.
As Lysander thus exclaimed, the door of the room had opened
noiselessly, and Agesilaus stood unperceived at the entrance, and
overheard his son. His face brightened singularly at Lysander's
words. He came forward and opened his arms.
"Embrace me now, my boy! my brave boy! embrace me
nor! The Ephors are not here."
Lysander turned, sprung up, and was in his father's arms.
"So thou art not changed. Byzantium has not spoiled thee.
Thy name is uttered with praise unmixed with fear. All Persia's
gold, all the great king's satrapies, could not Medize myfLysander. Ah," continued the father, turning to his wife, "who could
have predicted the happiness of this hour? Poor child! he was
lorn sickly. Hera had already given us more sons than we could
provide for, ere our lands were increased by the death of thy
childless relatives. Wife, wife! when the family council ordained him to be exposed on Taygetus, when thou didst hide thyself
lest thy tears should be seen, and my voice trembled as I said,'Be the laws obeyed,' who could have guessed that the gods
would yet preserve him to be the pride of our house? Blessed
be Zeus the savior, and Hercule's the warrior!"
"And," said the mother, "blessed be Pausanias, the descend



PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              187
ant of Hercules, who took the forlorn infant to his father's home,
and who has reared him now to be the example of Spartan
youths."
"Ah," said Lysander, looking up into his father's eyes, "if I
can ever be worthy of your love, O my father, forget not, I pray
thee, that it is to Pausanias I owe life, home, and a Spartan's glorious destiny."
"I forget it not," answered Agesilaus, with a mournful and serious expression of countenance. "And on this I would speak
to thee. Thy mother must spare thee a while to me. Come. I
lean on thy shoulder instead of my staff."
Agesilaus led his son into the large hall, which was the main
chamber of the house; and pacing up and down the wide and
solitary floor, questioned him closely as to the truth of the stories
respecting the Regent which had reached the Ephors.
"Thou must speak with naked heart to me," said Agesilaus;
"for I tell thee that, if I am Spartan, I am also man and father;
and I would serve him, who saved thy life and taught thee how
to fight for thy country, in every way that may be lawful to a
Spartan and a Greek."
Thus addressed, and convinced of his father's sincerity, Lysander replied with ingenuous and brief simplicity. He granted that
Pausanias had exposed himself with a haughty imprudence, which
it was difficult to account for, to the charges of the Ionians.
"But," he added, with that shrewd observation which his affection for Pausanias rather than his experience of human nature
had taught him —" but we must remember that in Pausanias we
are dealing with no ordinary man. If he has faults of judgment
which a Spartan rarely commits, he has, O my father, a force of
intellect and passion which a Spartan as rarely knows. Shall I
tell you the truth? Our state is too small for him. But would
it not have been too small for Hercules?  Would the laws of
AEgimius have permitted Hercules to perform his labors and
achieve his conquests? This vast and fiery nature suddenly released from the cramps of our customs, which Pausanias never in
his youth regarded save as galling, expands itself, as an eagle long
caged would outspread its wings."




188              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"I comprehend," said Agesilaus, thoughtfully, and somewhat
sadly. "There have been moments in my own life when I regarded Sparta as a prison. In my early manhood I was sent on
a mission to Corinth. Its pleasures, its wild tumult of gay license, dazzled and inebriated me. I said,'This it is to live.' I
came back to Sparta sullen and discontented. But then, happily,
I saw thy mother at the festival of Diana. We loved each other,
we married; and when I was permitted to take her to my home,
I became sobered and was a Spartan again. I comprehend. Poor
Pausanias! But luxury and pleasure, though they charm a while,
do not fill up the whole of a soul like that of our Heracleid.
From these he may recover; but ambition-that is the true liver
of Tantalus, and grows larger under the beak that feeds on it.
What is his ambition, if Sparta be too small for him?"
" I think his ambition would be to make Sparta as big as himself."
Agesilaus stroked his chin musingly.
"And how?"
"I can not tell, I can only guess. But the Persian war, if I
may judge by what I hear and see, can not roll away and leave
the boundaries of each Greek state the same. Two states now
stand forth prominent, Athens and Sparta. Themistocles and Cimon aim at making Athens the head'f Hellas. Perhaps Pausanias aims to effect for Sparta what they would effect for Athens."
"And what thinkest thou of such a scheme?"
"Ask me not. I am too young, too inexperienced, and perhaps too Spartan to answer rightly."
"Too Spartan, because thou art too covetous of power for
Sparta."
"Too Spartan, because I may be too anxious to keep Sparta
what she is."
Agesilaus smiled. "We are of the same mind, my son. Think
not that the rocky defiles which inclose us shut out from our
minds all the ideas that new circumstance strikes from time. I
have meditated on what thou sayest. Pausanias may scheme.
It is true that the invasion of the Mede must tend to raise up one
state in Greece to which the others will look for a head. I have




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              189
asked myself, can Sparta be that state? and my reason tells me,
No; Sparta is lost if she attempt it. She may become something
else, but she can not be Sparta. Such a state must become maritime, and depend on fleets. Our inland situation forbids this.
True, we have ports in which the Periceci flourish; but did we
use them for a permanent policy, the Periceci must become our
masters. These five villages would be abandoned for a mart on
the sea-shore. This mother of men would be no more. A state
that so aspires must have ample wealth at its command. We
have none. We might raise tribute from other Greek cities, but
for that purpose we must have fleets again, to overawe and compel, for no tribute will be long voluntary. A state that would be
the active governor of Hellas must have lives to spare in abundance. We have none, unless we always do hereafter as we did
at Platiea, raise an army of Helots-seven Helots to one Spartan.
How long, if we did so, would the Helots obey us, and meanwhile
how would our lands be cultivated? A state that would be the
centre of Greece must cultivate all that can charm and allure
strangers. We banish strangers, and what charms and allures
them would womanize us. More than all, a state that would obtain the sympathies of the turbulent Hellenic populations must
have the most popular institutions. It must be governed by a
Demus. We are an Oligarchic Aristocracy-a disciplined camp
of warriors, not a licentious Agora.  Therefore, Sparta can not
assume the head of a Greek Confederacy except in the rare seasons of actual war; and the attempt to make her the head of
such a" confederacy would cause changes so repugnant to our manners and habits, that it would be fraught with destruction to him
who made the attempt, or to us if he succeeded. Wherefore, to
sum up, the ambition of Pausanias is in this impracticable, and
must be opposed."
"And Athens," cried Lysander, with a slight pang of natural
and national jealousy, "Athens, then, must wrest from Pausanias
the hegemony he now holds for Sparta, and Athens must be what
the Athenian ambition covets."
"We can not help it-she must; but can it last? Impossible.
And woe to her if she ever comes in contact with the bronze of




190              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
Laconian shields. But, in the mean while, what is to be done
with this great and awful Heracleid? They accuse him of Medizing, of secret conspiracy with Persia itself. Can that be possible?"
" If so, it is but to use Persia on behalf of Sparta. If he would
subdue Greece, it is not for the king-it is for the race of Hercules."
"Ay, ay, ay,"' cried Agesilaus, shading his face with his hand.
"All becomes clear to me now. Listen. Did I openly defend
Pausanias before the Ephors, I should injure his cause.. But
when they talk of his betraying Hellas and Sparta, I place before
them, nakedly and broadly, their duty if that charge be true.
For if true, O my son, Pausanias must die as criminals die."
"Die-criminal-a ileracleid-king's blood-the Victor of
Plataea-my friend Pausanias!"
" Rather he than Sparta. What sayest thou?"
" Neither, neither," exclaimed Lysander, wringing his hands —
"impossible both."
"Impossible both, be it so. I place before the Ephors the terrors of accrediting that charge, in order that they may repudiate
it. For the lesser ones it matters not; he is in n6 danger there,
save that of fine. And his gold," added Agesilaus, with a curved
lip of disdain, " will both condemn and save him. For the rest,
I would spare him the dishonor of being publicly recalled, and, to
say truth, I would save Sparta the peril she might incur from his
wrath, if she inflicted on him that slight. But mark me, he himself must resign his command, voluntarily, and return to Sparta.
Better so for him and his pride, for he can not keep the hegemony against the will of the Ionians, whose fleet is so much
larger than ours, and it is to his gain if his successor lose it, not
he. But better, not only for his pride, but for his glory and his
name, that he should come from these scenes of fierce temptation, and, since birth made him a Spartan, learn here again to conform to what he can not change. I have spoken thus plainly to
thee. Use the words I have uttered as thou best may, after thy
return to Pausanias, which I will strive to make speedy. But
while we talk there goes on danger-danger still of his abrupt




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               191
recall —for there are those who will seize every excuse for it.
Enough of these grave matters: the sun is sinking toward the
west, and thy companions await thee at thy feast; mine will be
eager to greet me on thy return, and thy little brothers, who go
with me to my pheidition, will hear thee so praised that they will
long for the crypteia-long to be men, and find some future Platoea for themselves. May the gods forbid it! War is a terrible
unsettler. Time saps states, as a tide the cliff. War is an inundation; and when it ebbs, a landmark has vanished."




192              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER V.
NOTHING SO largely contributed to the peculiar character of
Spartan society as the uniform custom of taking the principal
meal at a public table. It conduced to four objects: the precise
status of aristocracy, since each table was formed according to title and rank; equality among aristocrats, since each at the same
table was held the equal of the other; military union, for as they
feasted so they fought, being formed into divisions in the field according as they messed together at home; and, lastly, that sort of
fellowship in public opinion which intimate association among
those of the same rank and habit naturally occasions. These tables in Sparta were supplied by private contributions; each head
of a family was obliged to send a certain portion at his own cost,
and according to the number of his children. If his fortune did
not allow him to do this, he was excluded from the public tables.
Hence, a certain fortune was indispensable to the pure Spartan,
and this was one reason why it was permitted to expose infants,
if the family threatened to be too large for the father's means.
The general arrangements were divided into syssitia, according,
perhaps, to the number of families, and correspondent to the divisions, or obes, acknowledged by the state.  But these larger
sections were again subdivided into companies or clubs of fifteen,
vacancies being filled up by ballot; but one vote could exclude.
And since, as we have said, the companies were marshaled in the
field according to their association at the table, it is clear that fathers of grave years and of high station (station in Sparta increased with years) could not have belonged to the same table as
the young men, their sons. Their boys under a certain age they
took to their own pheiditia, where the children sat upon a lower
bench, and partook of the simplest dishes of the fare.
Though the cheer at these public tables was habitually plain,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              193
yet upon occasion it was enriched by presents to the after-course,
of game and fruit.
Lysander was received by his old comrades with that cordiality
in which was mingled for the first time a certain manly respect,
due to feats in battle, and so flattering to the young.
The prayer to the gods, correspondent to the modern grace,
and the pious libations being concluded, the attendant Helots
served the black broth, and the party fell to, with the appetite
produced by hardy exercise and mountain air.
"What do the allies say to the black broth?" asked a young
Spartan.
"They do not comprehend its merits," answered Lysander.




194               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
CHAPTER VI.
EVERY thing in the familiar life to which he had returned delighted the young Lysander. But for anxious thoughts about
Pausanias, he would have been supremely blessed. To him the
various scenes of his early years brought no associations of the
restraint and harshness which revolted the moie luxurious nature
and the fiercer genius of Pausanias. The plunge into the frigid
waters of Eurotas-the sole bath permitted to the Spartans* at a
time when the rest of Greece had already carried the art of bathing into voluptuous refinement; the sight of the vehement contests of the boys, drawn up as in battle, at the game of foot-ball,
or in detached engagements, sparing each other so little that the
popular belief out of Sparta was that they were permitted to tear
out each other's eyed,t but subjecting strength to every skillful art
that gymnastics could teach; the mimic war on the island, near
the antique trees of the Plane Garden, waged with weapons of
wood and blunted iron, and the march regulated to the music of
flutes and lyres; nay, even the sight of the stern altar, at which
boys had learned to bear the anguish of stripes without a murmur
-all produced in this primitive and intensely national intelligence
an increased admiration for the ancestral laws, which, carrying
patience, fortitude, address, and strength to the utmost perfection,
had formed a handful of men into the calm lords of a fierce pop* Except occasionally the dry sudorific bath, all warm bathing was
strictly forbidden, as enervating.
t An evident exaggeration. The Spartans had too great a regard
for the physical gifts as essential to warlike uses, to permit cruelties
that would have blinded their young warriors. And they even forbade the practice of the pancratium as ferocious and needlessly dangerous to life.




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             195
ulation, and placed the fenceless villages of Sparta beyond a fear
of the external assaults and the civil revolutions which perpetually stormed the citadels and agitated the market-places of Hellenic
cities. His was not the mind to perceive that much was relinquished for the sake of that which was gained, or to comprehend
that there was more which consecrates humanity in one stormy
day of Athens than in a serene century of iron Lacedaemon. But
there is ever beauty of soul where there is enthusiastic love of
country; and the young Spartan was wise in his own Dorian way.
The religious festival which had provided the Ephors with an
excuse for delaying their answer to the Ionian envoys occupied
the city. The youths and the maidens met in the sacred chorus;
and Lysander, standing by amidst the gazers, suddenly felt his
heart beat. A boy pulled him by the skirt of his mantle.
"Lysander, hast thou yet scolded Percalus?" said the boy's
voice, archly.' My young friend," answered Lysander, coloring high, " Percalus hath vouchsafed me as yet no occasion; and, indeed, she
alone, of all the friends whom I left behind, does not seem to recognize me."
His eyes, as he spoke, rested with a mute reproach in their gaze
on the form of a virgin who had just paused in the choral dance,
and whose looks were bent obdurately on the ground. Her luxuriant hair was drawn upward from cheek and brow, braided into
a knot at the crown of the head, in the fashion so trying to those
who have neither bloom nor beauty, so exquisitely becoming to
those who have both; and the maiden, even amidst Spartan girls,
was pre-eminently lovely. It is true that the sun had somewhat
embrowned the smooth cheek; but the stately throat and the
rounded arms were admirably fair-not, indeed, with the pale and
dead whiteness which the Ionian women sought to obtain by art,
but with the delicate rose-hue of Hebe's youth. Her garment of
snow-white wool, fastened over both shoulders with large golden
clasps, was without sleeves, fitting not too tightly to the harmonious form, and leaving more than the ankle free to the easy
glide of the dance. Taller than Hellenic women usually were, but
about the average height of her Spartan companions, her shape




196              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
was that which the sculptors give to Artemis. Light and feminine and virgin-like, but with all the rich vitality of a divine
youth, with a force, not indeed of a man, but such as art would
give to the goddess whose step bounds over the mountain-top,
and whose arm can launch the shaft from the silver bow —yet
was there something in the mien and face of Percalus more subdued and bashful than in those of most of the girls around her;
and, as if her ear had caught Lysander's words, a smile just now
played round her lips, and gave to all the countenance a wonderful sweetness. Then, as it became her turn once more to join in
the circling measure, she lifted her eyes, directed them full upon
the young Spartan, and the eyes said plainly, "Ungrateful! I
forget thee! I!"
It was but one glance, and she seemed again wholly intent
upon the dance; but Lysander felt as if he had tasted the nectar
and caught a glimpse of the courts of the gods. No further approach was made by either, although intervals in the evening permitted it. But if, on the one hand, there was in Sparta an intercourse between the youth of both sexes wholly unknown in most
of the Grecian States, and if that intercourse made marriages of
love especially more common there than elsewhere, yet, when love
did actually exist, and was acknowledged by some young pair,
they shunned public notice; the passion became a secret, or confidants to it were few. Then came the charm of stealth: to woo
and to win, as if the treasure were to be robbed by a lover from
the heaven unknown to man. Accordingly, Lysander now mixed
with the spectators, conversed cheerfully, only at distant intervals
permitted his eyes to turn to Percalus, and when her part in the
chorus had concluded, a sigh, undetected by others, seemed to
have been exchanged between them, and, a little while after, Lysander had disappeared from the assembly.
He wandered down the street called the Aphetais) and after a
little while the way became perfectly still and lonely, for the inhabitants had crowded to the sacred festival, and the houses lay
quiet and scattered. So he went on, passing the ancient temple
in which Ulysses is said to have dedicated a statue in honor of
his victory in the race over the suitors of Penelope, and paused




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.             197
where the ground lay bare and rugged around many a monument
to the fabled chiefs of the heroic age. Upon a crag that jutted
over a silent hollow, covered with oleander and arbute, and here
and there the wild rose, the young lover sat down, waiting patiently; for the eyes of Percalus had told him he should not wait
in vain. Afar he saw, in the exceeding clearness of the atmosphere, the Taenarium, or Temple of Neptune, unprophetic of the
dark connection that shrine would hereafter have with him whom
he then honored as a chief worthy, after death, of a monument
amidst those heroes; and the gale that cooled his forehead wandered to him from the field of the llellanium in which the envoys
of Greece had taken council how to oppose the march of Xerxes,
when his myriads first poured into Europe.
Alas! all the great passions that distinguish race from race
pass away in the tide of generations. The enthusiasm of soul
which gives us heroes and demi-gods for ancestors, and hallows
their empty tombs; the vigor of thoughtful freedom which guards
the soil from invasion, and shivers.force upon the edge of intelligence. The heroic age and the civilized alike depart; and he
who wanders through the glens of Laconia can scarcely guess
where was the monument of Lelex, or the field of the Hellanium.
And yet on the same spot where sat the young Spartan warrior,
waiting for the steps of the beloved one, may, at this very hour,
some rustic lover be seated, with a heart beating with like emotions, and an ear listening for as light a tread. Love alone never
passes away from the spot where its footstep hath once pressed
the earth, and reclaimed the savage.  Traditions, freedom, the
thirst for glory, art, laws, creeds, vanish; but the eye thrills the
breast, and hand warms to hand, as before the name of Lycurgus
was heard, or Helen was borne a bride to the home of Menelaus.
Under the influence of this power, then, something of youth is
still retained by nations the most worn with time. But the power thus eternal in nations is short-lived for the individual being.
Brief, indeed, in the life of each is that season which lasts forever in the life of all. From the old age of nations glory fades
away; but in their utmost decrepitude there is still a generation
young enough to love. To the individual man, however, glory




198              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
alone remains when the snows of ages have fallen, and love is but
the memory of a boyish dream. No wonder that the Greek genius, half incredulous of the soul, clung with such tenacity to
youth. What a sigh from the heart of the old sensuous world
breathes in the strain of Mimnermus, bewailing with so fierce and
so deep a sorrow the advent of the years in which man is loved
no more!
Lysander's eye was still along the solitary road, when he heard
a low, musical laugh behind him. He started in surprise, and beheld Percalus. Her mirth was increased by his astonished gaze,
till, in revenge, he caught both her hands, and, drawing her toward him, kissed, not without a struggle, the lips into serious
gravity.
Extricating herself from him, the maiden put on an air of offended dignity, and Lysander, abashed at his own audacity, muttered some broken words of penitence.
"But, indeed," he added, as he saw the cloud vanishing from
her brow, "indeed thou wert so provoking, and so irresistibly
beauteous. And how camest thou here, as if thou hadst dropped
from the heavens?"
"Didst thou think," answered Percalus, demurely, "that I
could be suspected of following thee? Nay; I tarried till I could
accompany Euryclea to her home yonder, and then, slipping from
her by her door, I came across the grass and the glen to search
for the arrow shot yesterday in the hollow below thee." So saying, she tripped from the crag by his side into the nooked recess
below, which was all out of sight, in case some passenger should
pass the road, and where, stooping down, she seemed to busy herself in searching for the shaft amidst the odorous shrubs.
Lysander was not slow in following her footstep.
"Thine arrow is here," said he, placing his hand to his heart.
" Fie! The Ionian poets teach thee these compliments."
"Not so. Who hath sung more of Love and his arrows than
our own Aleman?"
" Mean you the Regent's favorite brother?"
"Oh no! The ancient Alcman; the poet whom even the
Ephors sanction."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              199
Percalus ceased to seek for the arrow, and they seated themselves on a little knoll in the hollow, side by side, and frankly she
gave him her hand, and listened, with rosy cheek and rising bosom, to his honest wooing. He told her truly how her image had
been with him in the strange lands; how faithful he had been to
the absent, amidst all the beauties of the Isles and of the East.
He reminded her of their early days-how, even as children, each
had sought the other. He spoke of his doubts, his fears, lest he
should find himself forgotten or replaced; and how overjoyed he
had been when at last her eye replied to his.
"And we understood each other so well, did we not, Percalus?
Here we have so often met before; here we parted last; here
thou knewest I should go; here I knew that I might await thee."
Percalus did not answer at much length, but what she said
sufficed to enchant her lover. For the education of a Spartan
maid did not favor the affected concealment of real feelings. It
could not, indeed, banish what Nature prescribes to women-the
modest self-esteem, the difficulty to utter by word what eye and
blush reveal-nor, perhaps, something of that arch and innocent
malice which enjoys to taste the power which.beauty exercises
before the warm heart will freely acknowledge the power which
sways itself. But the girl, though a little willful and high-spirited, was a candid, pure, and noble creature, and too proud of being loved by Lysander to feel more than a maiden's shame to
confess her own.
"And when I return," said the Spartan, "ah! then, look out
and take care; for I shall speak to thy father, gain his consent
to our betrothal, and then carry thee away despite all thy struggles, to the brides-maid, and these long locks, alas! will fall."
"I thank thee for thy warning, and will find my arrow in time
to guard myself," said Percalus, turning away her face, but hold-.ing up her hand in pretty menace; "but where is the arrow?
I must make haste and find it."
"Thou wilt have time enough, courteous Amazon, in mine absence, for I must soon return to Byzantium."
Percalus. "Art thou so sure of that?"
Lysander. " Why-dost thou doubt it?"




200              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
Percalus (rising and moving the arbute boughs aside with the
tip of her sandal). "And unless thou wouldst wait very long for
my father's consent, perchance thou mayst have to ask for it very
soon-too soon to prepare thy courage for so great a peril."
Lysander (perplexed). " What canst thou mean? By all the
gods, I pray thee speak plain!"
Percalus. "If Pausanias be recalled, wouldst thou still go to
Byzantium?"
Lysander. "No; but I think the Ephors have decided not so
to'discredit their General."
Percalus (shaking her head incredulously). Count not on their
decision so surely, valiant warrior. And suppose that Pausanias
is recalled, and that some one else is sent in his place whose absence would prevent thy obtaining that consent thou covetest, and
so frustrate thy designs on-on —" (she added, blushing scarlet)
-" on these poor locks of mine."
Lysander (starting). " Oh, Percalus, do I conceive thee aright?
iast thou any reason to think that thy father Dorcis will be sent
to replace Pausanias-the great Pausanias!"
Percalus (a little offended at a tone of expression which seemed
to slight her father's pretensions). ",Dorcis, my father, is a warrior whom Sparta reckons second to none; a most brave captain,
and every inch a Spartan; but-but —"
Lysander. "Percalus, do not trifle with me.  Thou knowest
how my fate has been linked to the Regent's. Thou must have
intelligence not shared even by my father, himself an Ephor.
What is it?"
Percalus. " Thou wilt be secret, my Lysander, for what I may
tell thee I can only learn at the hearth-stone."
Lysander. " Fear me not. Is not all between us a secret?."
Percalus. ",Well, then, Periclides and my father, as thou art
aware, are near kinsmen. And when the Ionian envoys first arrived, it was my father who was specially appointed to see to their
fitting entertainment. And that same night I overheard Dorcis
say to my mother,' If I could succeed Pausanias, and conclude
this war, I should be consoled for not having commanded at
Plataea.' And my mother, who is proud for her husband's glory,




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.               201
as-a woman should be, said,' Why not'strain every nerve as for a
crown in Olympia? Periclides will aid thee —thou wilt win. "
Lysander.. "But that was the first night of the Ionians' arrival."
Percalus. "Since then I believe that thy father and others of
the Ephors overruled Periclides and Zeuxidamus, for I have heard
all that passed between my father and mother on the subject.
But early this morning, while my mother was assisting to attire
me for the festival, Periclides himself called at our house, and before I came from home,'my mother, after a short conference with
Dorcis, said to me,:in the exuberance of her joy,'Go, child, and
call here all the maidens, as thy father ere long will go to outshine all the Grecian chiefs.' So that if my father does go, thou
wilt remain in Sparta. Then, my beloved Lysander —and-andbut what ails thee? Is that thought so sorrowful?"
Lysander. "Pardon me, pardon; thou art a Spartan maid;
thou must comprehend what should be felt by a Spartan soldier
when he thinks of humiliation and ingratitude to his chief. Gods!
the man who rolled back the storm of the Mede to be insulted in
the face of Hellas by the government of his native city! The
blush of shame upon his cheek burns my own."
The warrior bowed his face in his clasped hands.
Not a resentful thought natural to female vanity and exacting
affection then crossed the mind of the Spartan girl. She felt at
once, by the sympathy of kindred nurture, all that was torturing
her lover. She was even prouder of him that he forgot her for
the moment to be so truthful to his chief; and, abandoning the
innocent coyness she had before shown, she put her arm round
his neck with a pure and sisterly fondness, and, kissing his brow,
whispered, soothingly, " It is for me to ask pardon, that I did not
think of this-that I spoke so foolishly; but comfort-thy chief
is not disgraced even by recall. Let them recall Pausanias, they
can not recall his glory. When, in Sparta, did we ever hold a
brave man discredited by obedience to the government?  None
are disgraced who do not disgrace themselves."
"Ah! my Percalus, so I should say; but so will not think
Pausanias, nor the allies; and in this slight to him I see the
9*




202              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
shadow of the Erinnys. -But it may not be true yet; nor can
Periclides of himself dispose thus of the Lacedaemonian armies."
"We will hope so, dear Lysander," said Percalus, who, born to
be man's helpmate, then only thought of consoling and cheering
him. "And if thou dost return to the camp, tarry as long as
thou wilt, thou wilt find Percalus the same."
"The gods bless thee, maiden!" said Lysander, with grateful
passion, "and blessed be the state that rears such women! Elsewhere Greece knows them not."
"And does Greece elsewhere know such men?" asked Percalus,
raising her graceful head. "But so late-is it possible?  See
where the shadows are falling! Thou wilt but be in time for thy
pheidition. Farewell."
"But when to meet again?"
"Alas! when we can."- She sprung lightly away; then, turning her face as she fled, added, "Look out! thou wert taught to
steal in thy boyhood-steal an interview. I will be thy accomplice."




PAUSANIASj THE SPARTAN.             203
CHAPTER VII.
THAT night, as Agesilaus was'leaving the public table at which
he supped, Periclides, who was one of the same company, but who
had been unusually silent during the entertainment, approached
him, and said, " Let us walk toward thy home together; the moon
is up, and will betray listeners to our converse, should there be
any."
"And in default of the moon, thy years, if not yet mine, permit thee a lantern, Periclides."
"I have not drunk enough to need it," answered the chief of
the Ephors, with unusual pleasantry; "but as thou art the younger man, I will lean on thine arm, so as to be closer to thine ear."
"Thou hast something secret and grave to say, then?"
Periclides nodded.
As they ascended the rugged acclivity, different groups, equally returning home from the public tables, passed them. Though
the sacred festival had given excuse for prolonging the evening
meal, and the wine-cup had been replenished beyond the abstemious wont, still each little knot of revelers passed and dispersed in
ma sober and decorous quiet which, perhaps, no other eminent city
in Greece could have exhibited; young and old equally grave and
noiseless. For the Spartan youth, no fair Hetuertar-then opened
homes adorned with flowers, and gay with wit, no less than alluring with beauty; but as the streets grew more deserted, there
stood in the thick shadow of some angle, or glided furtively by
some winding wall, a bridegroom lover, tarrying till all was still,
to steal to the arms of the lawful wife, whom for years perhaps
he might not openly acknowledge and carry in triumph to his
home.
But not of such young adventurers thought the sage Periclides,




204              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
though his voice was as low as a lover's "hist!" and his step as
stealthy as a bridegroom's tread.
"My friend," said he, " with the faint gray of the dawn there
comes to my house a new messenger from the camp, and the tidings he brings change all our decisions. The Festival does not
permit us as Ephors to meet in public, or, at least, I think thou
wilt agree with me, it is more prudent not to do so. All we
should do now should be in strict privacy."
" But, hush! from whom the message-Pausanias 8"
"No-from Aristides the Athenian."
"And to what effect 8?"
"The Ionians have revolted from the Spartan hegemony, and
ranged themselves under the Athenian flag."
"Gods! what I feared has already come to pass."
"And Aristides writes to me, with whom you remember that
he has the hospitable ties, that the Athenians can not abandon their Ionian allies and kindred who thus appeal to them;
and that if Pausanias remain, open war may break out between the two divisions into which the fleet of Hellas is now
rent."
"This must not be, for it would be war at sea; we and the
Peleponnesians have far the fewer vessels, the less able seamen.
Sparta would be conquered."
"Rather than Sparta should be conquered, must we not recall
her General."
"I would give all my lands, and sink out of the rank of Equal,
that this had not chanced," said Agesilaus, bitterly.
"Hist! hist! not so loud."
"I had hoped we might induce the Regent himself to resign
the command, and so have been spared the shame and the pain
of an act that affects the hero-blood of our kings. Could not
that be done yet 8?"
"Dost thou think so? Pausanias resign in the midst of a
mutiny! Thou canst not know the man."
" Thou art right-impossible. I see no option now. He must
be recalled.. But the Spartan hegemony is, then, gone —gone
forever-gone to Athens."




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.              205
"Notso. Sparta hath many a worthy son besides this too arrogant iHeracleid."
"Yes; but where his genius of command?-where his immense
renown?-where a man, I say, not in Sparta, but in all Greece,
fit to cope with Aristides and Cimon in the camp, with Themistocles in the city of our rivals? If Pausanias fails, who' succeeds?"
"Be not deceived. What must be, must; it is but a little
time earlier than necessity would have fixed. Wouldst thou take
the command?"
"I? The gods forbid!"
"Then, if thou wilt not, I know but one man."
"And who is he l"
" Dorcis."
Agesilaus started, and, by the light of the moon, gazed full
upon the face of the chief Ephor.
"Thy kinsman, Dorcis! Ah, Periclides, hast thou schemed
this from the first?"
Periclides changed color at finding himself thus abruptly detected, and as abruptly charged; however, he answered with laconic dryness:
" Friend, did I scheme the revolt of the Ionians?  But if thou
knowest a better man than Dorcis, speak. Is he not brave?"
" Yes."
" Skillful a"
" No. Tut! thou art as conscious as I am that thou mightest
as well compare the hat on thy brow to the brain it hides, as liken
the stolid Dorcis to the fiery but profound Heracleid."
"Ay, ay. But there is one merit the- hat has which the brow
has not-it can do no harm. Shall we send our chiefs to be
made worse men by Eastern manners? Dorcis has dull wit, granted; no arts can corrupt it. He may not save the hegemony, but
he will return as he went, a Spartan."
"Thou art right again, and a wise man, Periclides. I submit.
Thou hast my vote for Dorcis. What else hast thou designed?
for I see now that whatever thou designest that wilt thou accomplish; and our meeting on the Archeion is but an idle form."




206              PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
"Nay, nay," said Periclides, with his austere smile, " thou givest
me a wit and a will that I have not. But as chief of the Ephors
I watch over the state. And though I design nothing, this I
would counsel: On the day we answer the Ionians, we shall tell
them,'What ye ask, we long since proposed to do.' And Dorcis
is already on the seas as successor to Pausanias."
"When will Dorcis leave?" said Agesilaus, curtly.
"If the other Ephors concur, to-morrow night."
" Here we are at my doors; wilt thou not enter?"
" No. I have others yet to see. I knew we should be of the
same mind."
Agesilaus made no reply; but as he entered the court-yard of
his house, he muttered uneasily,
"And if Lysander is right, and Sparta is too small for Pausanias, do not we bring back a giant who will widen it to his own
girth, and raze the old foundations to rmake room for the buildings he would add?"
(UNFINISHED.)
[The pages covered by the manuscript of this uncompleted
story of "Pausanias" are scarcely more numerous than those
which its author has filled with the notes made by him from'
works consulted with special reference to the subject of it. Those
notes (upon Greek and Persian antiquities) are wholly without
interest for the general public. They illustrate the author's conscientious industry, but they afford no clue to the plot of his romance. Under the sawdust, however, thus fallen in the industrial
process of an imaginative work, unhappily unfinished, I have
found two specimens of original composition. They are rough
sketches of songs expressly composed for "Pausanias;" and,
since they are not included in the foregoing portion of it, I think
they may properly be added here. The unrhymed lyrics introduced by my father into some of the opening chapters of this
romance appear to have been suggested by some fragments of
Mimnermus, and composed about the same time as "The Lost




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                207
Tales of Miletus." Indeed, one of them has been already printed
in that work. The following verses, however, which are rhymed,
bear evidence of having been composed at a much earlier period.
I know not whether it wag my father's intention to discard them
altogether, or to alter them materially, or to insert them without
alteration in some later portion of the romance. But I print
them here precisely as they are written.-L.]
FOR PAUSANLAS.
[Partially borrowed from Aristophanes's "Peace," v. 1127, etc.]
Away, away, with the helm and greaves,
Away with the leeks and cheese!
I have conquer'd my passion for wounds and blows,
And the worst that I wish to the worst of my foes
Is the glory and gain
Of a year's campaign
On a diet of leeks and cheese.
I love to drink by my own warm hearth,
Nourisht with logs from the pine-clad heights,
Which were hewn in the blaze of the summer sun
To treasure his rays for the winter nights
On the hearth where my grandam spun.
I love to drink of the grape I press,
And to drink with a friend of yore;
Quick! bring me a bough from the myrtle-tree
Which is budding afresh by Nicander's door.
Tell Nicander himself he must sup with me,
And along with the bough from his myrtle-tree
We will circle the lute, in a choral glee
To the goddess of corn and peace.
For Nicander and I were fast friends at school.
Here he comes! We are boys once more.
* Tvpoi 76' ral rpoyl!Vwv. Cheese and onions, the rations furnished
to soldiers in campaign.




208               PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.
When the grasshopper chants in the bells of thyme,
I love to watch if the Lemnian grape*
Is donning the purple that decks its prime;
And, as I sit at my porch to see,,
With my little one trying to scale my knee,
To join in the grasshopper's chant, and sing
To Apollo and Pan from the heart of Spring.t
Listen, O list!
Hear ye not, neighbors, the voice of Peace I
"The swallow I hear in the household eaves."
Io AEgien! Peace!
"And the skylark at poise o'er the bended sheaves,"
lo 2Egien! Peace!
Here and there, everywhere, hear we Peace,
Hear her, and see her, and clasp her-Peace!
The grasshopper chants in the bells of thyme,
And the halcyon is back to her nest in Greece!
IN PRAISE OF THE ATHENIAN KNIGHTS.
[Imitated from the " Knights " of Aristophanes, v. 565, etc.]
Chant the fame of the Knights, or in war or in peace,
Chant the darlings of Athens,t the bulwarks of Greece,
Pressing foremost to glory, on wave and on shore,
Where the steed has no footing they win with the oar.~
* It ripened earlier than the others. The words of the Chorus are,
rka Anyvilag ai7riXovg Ei 7rEsravovfatlY  U.
t Variation" What a blessing, is life in a noon of Spring."
t Variation — ~
"The adorners of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece."
~ Variation"Keenest racers to glory, on wave or on shore,
By the rush of the steed or the stroke of the oar!"




PAUSANIAS, THE SPARTAN.                209
On their bosoms the battle splits, wasting its shock.
If they charge like the whirlwind, they stand like the rock.
Ha! they count not the numbers, they scan not the ground;
When a foe comes in sight, on his lances they bound.
Fails a foot in its speed? heed it not. One and all*
Spurn the earth that they spring from, and own not a fall.
O the darlings of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece,
Wherefore envy the love-locks they perfume in peace!
Wherefore scowl if they fondle a quail or a dove,
Or inscribe on a myrtle the names that they love?
Does Alcides not teach us how valor is mild?
Lo, at rest from his labors he plays with a child.
When the slayer of Python has put down his bow,
By his lute and his love-locks Apollo we know.
Fear'd, 0 rowers, those gallants their beauty to spoil
When they sat on your benches, and shared in your toil?
When with laughter they row'd to your cry "Hippopai,"
" On, ye coursers of wood, for the palm wreath, away!"
Did those dainty youths ask you to store in your holds
Or a cask from their crypt or a lamb from their folds?
No, they cried, " We are here both to fight and to fast,
Place us first in the fight, at the board serve us last!
Wheresoever is peril, we knights lead the way,
Wheresoever is hardship, we claim it as pay.
Call us proud, 0 Athenians, we know it full well,
And we give you the lie we're too haughty to sell."
Hail the stoutest in war, hail the mildest in peace,
Hail the darlings of Athens, the bulwarks of Greece!
* Variation"Falls there one? never help him! Our knights one and all."








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