THE


MICHIGAN BOOK..d
I"
* *:
I


ANN ARBOR
1898




L. -L_
I-        /  C. )


Copyright 1898
By EDWIN Hf. HUMPH-RZEY


THE INLAND PRESS
ANN ARBOR




it )
I6 
I
rr
t. -s
i-  I    I I
I~'"  ''   '   -'


C N E NT S


I
II
III
V'
V
VI
VIII
Vill
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV


Our Alma Mater
Graduates and Former Students
The Departments
The Classes.
Town and Gown
Religious Societies
Literary Societies 
Student Publications
Student Music.
Sports and Games
Academic Fraternities
Professional-School Fraternities
Class Societies
Collegiate Sisterhoods
Index of Subjects.
Index of Illustrations


5
i6....... 35
40
78
87
93
0o3
130
142
177
282
299
306
329
322




FORMER SEAL OF THE UNIVERSITY.




CHAPTER I


OUR ALMA MATER
By an act of Congress passed in I804 one township of land in
the prospective Territory of Michigan was set apart for the support of a seminary of learning. Twenty-two years later Congress
enlarged the grant to two townships. In the year I8I7 the Governor and Judges of the Territory enacted a marvellous bill drawn by
Augustus P. Woodward, Presiding Judge, whereby was established
the "Catholepistemiad or University of Michigania". This statute
decreed that the University should be composed of thirteen professorships, each called a didaxia, the didactors or professors to
be appointed by the Governor. Two "didactors" at salaries of
$12.50 each were appointed, and a primary school and a classical
academy were established in Detroit; but in I821 the act of 1817
was repealed, and a new act was passed for the establishment at
Detroit of the University of Michigan, to be managed by twentyone trustees. This board was legislated out of office by the Michigan statute of March I8, 1837. entitled "An act to provide for
the organization and government of the University of Michigan",
and passed only two months after the admission of the State into
the Union by Congress. To the Rev. John D PierP   graduate
of Brown University and of Princeton Theological Seminary, who
in the summer of 1836 had been appointed Superintendent of
Public Instruction, is due the framing of this law under which the
final organization of our Alma Mater was effected. As closely as
possible the German idea of an university was followed, instead of
imitating Yale and Harvard, themselves copies of English institutions. Michigan's University was to crown the educational system
of the commonwealth, and to "provide the inhabitants of the State
with the means of acquiring a thorough knowledge of literature,
science, and the arts". The business affairs of the University
were to be managed by a Board of Regents appointed by the
Governor of the State and approved by the Senate. Two days
after the passage of the organizing act the legislature adopted
another statute locating the University at Ann Arbor, "upon such
site or lot of ground as shall be selected by the Regents of the Uni2




6


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


versity and conveyed to them by the proprietors... free from
cost... which site or lot of ground shall not be less than forty
acres ". One day later the Regents appointed by Governor Mason
under the new law were approved by the Senate. The Board held
its first meeting in Ann Arbor, June 5, I837. In 1839 Governor
Mason saved the University from destruction by vetoing a bill
which had passed both houses of the legislature for the sale of
the endowment lands at a price far below their value.
From  1837 to 184i branches or preparatory schools were
established in different localities throughout the State, and five
buildings,-four dwellings
and what is now the north
" wing of University Hallwere erected at Ann Arbor
liams, Vermont'25, and the.~v;~~         ~ Rev. Joseph Whiting, Yale
'23, constituted the active
Faculty when collegiate inTHI CAMPUtS-NORTH\ESTF ENTRANCE.
struction began. The number of students increased from six, in September, 1841, to eightynine in I847-48.
In 1848 the assistance of the University was withdrawn from
the branches. This had the effect of depriving the institution of
most of its preparatory schools, and in consequence the attendance
diminished. Still more effective in checking growth was the secretsociety struggle, which ultimately led to the entire reorganization
of the University, and to constitutional changes whereby the Board
of Regents became an elective body, charged by the fundamental
law with "the general supervision of the University, and the direction of all expenditures from the University interest fund". In
October, 1850, the Department of Medicine and Surgery was
formally opened.
In August, 1852, Henry P. Tappan, Union '25, was by the
new Board of Regents elected President of the University. It has
been customary to attribute to this illustrious man whatever eminence the University attained in its earlier career, and it has been
said somewhat extravagantly "His administration begins the his

4
4




OUR ALMA MATER


tory of the University as an educational power in Michigan and in
the Northwest". The truth is that during its first decade, notwithstanding the disastrous society-war, our Alma Mater flourished
as no other Western institution had ever flourished, and as no
Eastern institution had flourished in the period of infancy. Michigan's first ten classes, all of which had been matriculated and
eight of which had been graduated before Dr. Tappan's advent,
gave a roll of 141 alumni; the first twenty classes of Yale and the
first twenty of Harvard graduated only 102 and 136 respectively.
The original lines of the University were laid upon the Prussian
plan, to which Chancellor Tappan adhered; and the institution
prior to 1852 had become such an "intellectual power" that it
drew to its doors the representatives of the best families in Michigan, who thus were prevented from going East for their education.
Whoever cares to contrast the first ten years of Michigan with the
first ten of any other state university will find abundant evidence
not only that our University was on the whole ably managed
from the outset, but that it was successful beyond all precedent.
Nor should it be forgotten that the alumni graduated before
Dr. Tappan's time are not less renowned than those whom he
trained.
Nevertheless the University owes to its first President an
incalculable debt.  He gathered around himself a Faculty equal
to any in the country-such men as Boise, Frieze, Briinnow,
White, and Watson; he introduced the scientific course; he opened
the laboratory and the law department; he procured the erection
and equipment of the astronomical observatory; and he imparted
to the students and to the people of the State true ideas of what a
University should be.
That the arbitrary and impolitic removal of President Tappan
by the Regents did not wreck the University was due to the tact
and energy of his successor, Erastus Otis Haven, who from i863
to I869 held the presidential office. During Dr. Haven's time a
new course, the Latin and scientific, was organized; a course in
pharmacy was arranged; additions were made to the laboratory,
the observatory, and the medical building; the library was
enlarged and rendered serviceable; the number of students so
increased as to exceed the enrolment of any other institution of
learning in the country; and, more than all else, an annual appropriation was obtained from the legislature, thus controverting
these words of The Nation "The people will never consent to a




8


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


general tax for the purpose of instructing a small body of men in
Yale or Harvard or the University of Michigan".  It was in 1867,
when the University was only twenty-six years olq, that George
William Curtis, the Chairman of the Committee on education in
the Constitutional Convention of New York, said of Yale, Harvard and the University of Michigan:  "They are the three great
institutions of learning in this country ".
Upon the resignation of Dr. Haven in 1869, Professor Henry
S. Frieze became Acting-President. In his brief but exceedingly 
important administration of two years the graduates of approved
high schools were admitted upon presentation of diplomas, thus
unifying the educational system of the State. The annual roll of
academic graduates became very long for those times, and far surpassed the class lists of the struggling colleges of Michigan and
the surrounding states. In January, 1869, women were permitted
to enter the University.
At Commencement in 1871 James Burrill Angell, L. L. D.,
who had resigned the control of the University of Vermont, and
whose student life at Brown had ended twenty-two years before
with his delivering the valedictory for his class, was inducted into
the presidency. Among the results of Dr. Angell's long adminis- 
tration, which covers nearly half of the active existence of the
University, have been the occupying of our campus with commodious buildings, the erectiof and equipment of a splendid
gymnasium, the acquiring of a field for athletic exercises, the
broadening and strengthening of the curriculum, the doubling of the
time required for graduation in law and medicine, the development
of graduate courses, an extraordinary increase in the number of
students and graduates, and the obtaining from the state of a fixed 
and fairly liberal annual income. All this has been accomplished
in spite of great obstacles, and notwithstanding untoward episodes
against which no foresight could guard.
Twice the active service of Dr. Angell has been interrupted
by his absence from Ann Arbor owing to public duties as Envoy 
of the United States, first to the court of Peking from i880 to
1882, and second to the Ottoman Porte, from  T897 to 1898.
During the earlier of these absences Professor Frieze again
became Acting-President; and at the present writing Harry B.
Hutchins, '7I, formerly Dean of the Law Department, has charge
of affairs, he being the first of the graduates of the University to
act as its chief executive.




OUR ALMA MATER


9


The square tract of forty acres now called the campus was
given to the Regents in 1837 by the Ann Arbor Land Company
a thrifty association which had persuaded the legislature to overrule Detroit and other cities in favor of Ann Arbor as the site of
the new University.  Notwithstanding the advice of President
Tappan, who was in favor of buying the land clear through to the
river, the campus itself never has been enlarged, the tracts purchased for the observatory, the hospitals, and the athletic field
being separated from it by considerable distances.
Elaborate plans for beautifying the college grounds were
adopted more than fifty years ago; but these were soon abandoned,
and the forest growths of which the campus 
had been deprived before it passed to the
Regents were replaced without any set design. |  X  I
There was planting of trees in 1845, I847, and 
I854, and much more from   I858 to i860.
"Tappan Oak" which stands east of the south 
wing has survived most of the maples placed
around it, and notwithstanding the terrible
versification to which it has been subjected it
bids fair to live to a great age. Among the <
memorials on the campus are the class stone
CHANCELLOR  TAPPAN.
of '58 at the foot of the Tappan Oak, the
huge boulder left by '62, "calico rock" the offering of '69, the
statue of Benjamin Franklin contributed by '70, and the broken
column which commemorates the virtues of Professors Whiting,
Houghton, Fox, and Denton.
In the autumn of I870 a new fence was placed around the
campus. This was so often injured by "rushes" and otherwise
that in 1889-90 the remains of it were removed, and the grounds
were thrown open. Old pictures of the University show a walk in
front of the campus, but no such thing existed before 1890. In
that year artificial stone was laid all the way along State street,
and in the year following the other sides of the campus received
like attention. As these sidewalks are not in the street proper,
but occupy University ground, they are not within the city ordinance concerning bicycles, and one who takes to them jeopards his
life. As for the old tar walks in the campus they have been replaced
gradually by cement flagging, and the grounds themselves, formerly
devoted to the Secretary's cow and to the raising of an annual
crop of hay, have been levelled, sodded, and otherwise cared for.




10


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


In 1839 a magnificent plan for the erection of buildings was
adopted by the Regents. This would have involved the spending
of half a million of dollars, nearly as much as has been realized
from the sales of the endowment lands; and it failed to receive the
approval, then necessary, of the Superintendent of Public Instruction.  Since then the principle that the first requisite of an university is great teachers rather than magnificent buildings has been
recognized.  Michigan has flourished because its funds have been
put less into brick and stone and more into professorships.
Four two-story houses of stuccoed brick, designed as residences for professors, and costing about eight thousand dollars,
were erected in I839-40, two on the north side and two on the
south side of the campus. These, the first buildings of the Uni- 
versity, still remain. One is the President's House, which was
greatly enlarged and improved five years ago at an expenditure of
twelve thousand dollars. Another of these houses, the one east of
Dr. Angell's residence, was occupied by Professor Frieze until 1877,
when it was given to the dental school. A wing was added in
1879, a.nd in I891-92 the building was enlarged for the classes in
engineering. Of the two dwellings on the north side of the campus the one towards the east was given in 1869 to the medical de-,
partment for hospital purposes.  It was enlarged in T875 by a
frame pavilion, and in I879 by an ampitheatre for surgical operations.  Similar additions were made in 1879 to the northwest
dwelling, which since 1875 has been used by the homoeopathic college. The dental school was a joint tenant of the same building
from 1875 to 1877; then it occupied the southeast dwelling; and
since 1891 it has held the house formerly used by the " regular"
medical hospital.
What is now the north wing of University Hall was finished 
in 1841, and south college, the counterpart of it, was completed
eight years later.  Both are of brick, stuccoed.  When built
they were thought to be very handsome, and certainly they were
equal if not superior to the generality of collegiate edifices of that
day. At first these buildings were used in part as dormitories 
for the academic students.  Each set of apartments consisted of
a study, two sleeping chambers, and a room which was both a
lavatory and a place of storage for luggage and wood. To each
suite were assigned three and sometimes four students.  Upperclassmen had the first choice of suites ahd generally took the highest floor. We are told that the furniture usually found in the




OUR ALMA MATER


I 


rooms was a table or two, a lounge, a few chairs, a supply of hardoil lamps or candlesticks, beds, occasionally a carpet, and now
and then a clock. In 1856-57 the dormitories were abolished, the
space they occupied being needed for other purposes.
The western part or front of the medical building, begun in
1848, was finished in the summer of I850. It cost about nine
thousand dollars, and in i864 more than twice that sum was spent
in enlarging it to its present dimensions.
In I853-54 the astronomical observatory was built upon
ground situated northeast of the campus. Citizens of Detroit contributed most of the money which went into this building. An
addition to the observatory was made in I865. The chemical laboratory, or rather the nucleus of it, was erected in 1856-57, and
was enlarged in i86I, i866, I868, 1874, i880, and I890.
Thirty-five years ago was built the structure of red brick
trimmed with yellow which continues to disfigure the northwestern
part of the campus. Until 1872 it held the general offices, and
until 1883 the library, of the University; and prior to 1872 the
chapel exercises of the literary department were held in the large
lecture room of its second story.  Since 1883, however, the law
school has had full possession of the building. In the summer
of 1892 the sum of twenty-seven thousand dollars was spent in putting up an extensive addition with a tower. In March, 1898, work
was begun upon a still larger addition toward the south. The
tower is to be taken down, the rest of the building is to be remodelled, and there is to be an entirely new front, of which the lower
story will be of light-colored stone, while the second and third
story will be of pressed brick. Fifty thousand dollars will be
spent upon these improvements.
University Hall, occupying the space between north college
and south college, was building from I87I to I873, and cost
$I08,ooo. Like the wings it is of brick covered with stucco. It
contains a hall capable of seating three thousand persons. In the
winter vacation of 1895-96 the wooden dome was removed, and it
will not be replaced until a new roof shall have been constructed.
In the rear of the north wing of the main building is the central boiler-house erected in I879, now used for storage purposes.
That same year was built the museum, a structure of red brick
which cost forty-two thousand dollars, and which underwent important repairs in 1894. The library, one of the best of the buildings in the campus, was begun in I881. It was dedicated Decem



12


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


ber 12, 1883, by public exercises in University Hall, and it cost
one hundred thousand dollars. 
The first section, forty by eighty feet, of the engineering laboratory, was built in 1885. Another section was added in i888
and a third in 1892, making the total expenditure fifty thousand
dollars. In i888 the physical laboratory and the anatomical laboratory were erected. New hospitals-large brick buildings near
Catherine street, northeast of the campus-were finished for the two
medical schools toward the close of 1891. Three years later Tappan Hall was built for the purpose of relieving the crowded classrooms of the literary department. It cost thirty thousand dollars.
In 1894 was reared the stone structure whence light and heat are
supplied to the other buildings in the campus.
Of all the University buildings the one most desired by the
students was the Waterman Gymnasium. The University
Chronicle of October 17, I868, said:  " Each class here, within the last thirty years, has asked 'shall we ever have a gymnasium?' Faculties have promised, Regents have promised, legislatures have promised, and the people have promised, but some of
those old college boys are growing gray." In April, 1869, the
Regents appointed President Haven and Professor
oTyler a committee wto
more pressobtain plans for the construction of a building not
campus itself, wih      to cost more than $5,o000;
and The Castalia for.~..~.~..,~ ~        I68-69, in its editorial
welcome to the class of '72::,  said: " Before you graduTweny yeate yoa will see in all likean enerlihood, a new gymnasium
UNVHstarALLcompleted."         But it was
UNIVERSITY HALL.
found that the sum mentioned was inadequate; other needs of the University were deemed
more pressing; and for long the gymnasium consisted of the
campus itself, with two upright posts, a cross-bar, and a rope, for
equipment.
Twenty years ago the growing interest in athletic sports led to
an energetic revival of the gymnasium  project. A fund was
started by the students, and to it were added contributions from




OUR ALMA MATER


I3


friends of the University and the profits from football and baseball
games, from college publications, from student entertainments, and
from the sales of college songs. Yet the sum realized in twelve
years from all sources was little more than six thousand dollars;
and as aid had been sought in vain from the state, the prospect of
securing a building seemed remote. In the college year i889-90,
Mr. Joshua W. Waterman, Yale '44, a prominent citizen of Detroit,
who during the sixties had taken much interest in field sports at
Ann Arbor, and whose son-in-law, Dr. Ernest T. Tappey, was a
Michigan graduate, offered to give twenty thousand dollars to the
gymnasium fund if a like sum were raised by others. This condition was met in April, I891, and in 1894 the building was completed and opened. The sum realized from savings and subscriptions was about forty-nine thousand dollars, sixteen thousand less
than the expenditure upon building and equipment. Large gifts
from former Regents Hebard and Barbour, and contributions
from others, have made it possible to add to the gymnasium a
wing for the use of women students; but enough money to complete the interior of the new part has not been raised.
The twenty buildings owned by the University, and the
arrangements for heating and lighting them, represent a total outlay of a million of dollars. An extensive addition to the library,
and a separate building for the fine-art collection, have became
necessary; and it is hoped that before many years shall have passed
University Hall and the museum building will be replaced by
structures worthy of our Alma Mater.
There are in all the libraries of the University about 123,000
bound volumes, i8,000 unbound pamphlets, and 1,400 maps. The
law library contains about 14,000 volumes, and the library of the
medical department has about 8,ooo. The libraries include special
collections of great value, such as the McMillan Shakespeare library, the Parsons library of political economy, the Goethe library,
and the Hagerman library of history and political science.
In the museum are collections illustrative of natural history,
the industrial arts, chemistry, materia medica, archaeology, ethnology, and the fine arts. The works of art belonging to the University are in galleries in the library building. Among them are the
original casts of the works of the late Randolph Rogers, the six
hundred paintings-some of them of considerable value-of the
Lewis art collection, and many good casts from the antique.
The annual income of the University is now about $400,000,




4


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


of which amount the sum of $164,000 is derived from students'
fees. The fixed income from the fund held in trust by the State
and from the annual one-sixth mill tax is about a quarter of a million of dollars-equivalent to thy interest, computed at five per
cent, upon an endowment of $4,500,000. Yet the requirements of
the institution are far in advance of its income.  Money is needed
for books, for buildings, for graduate scholarships, and for fellowships. A million a year could well be spent by the University;
and the State of Michigan would profit by giving the University
that amount to spend.
Venerable for the eighty-one years through which it has been
transmitted to us, and honorable for the official connection which
it implies with one of the greatest of the American sovereignties,
the name of our Alma Mater has not satisfied all persons. Just as
Canadians speak of "The States ", a term never used by educated
persons in this country, so men who should know better talk and
write of " Ann Arbor University "; and the substitution of the latter
title for " University of Michigan" has been advocated with
apparent seriousness in the columns of an undergraduate magazine.
If a short title is needed, "Michigan " suffices. The Latinized
name " Universitas Michiganensium " appears in the catalogue of
1848; and diplomas awarded to graduates use the title "' Universitas Reipublicae Michiganensium ". In a catalogue of the Delta Phi
society the name is Latinized thus: "Universitas Michiganiensis".
The original seal of the University is rather less than two
inches in diameter. It represents the Goddess of Wisdom directing the attention of an ingenuous youth to the Temple of Fame
perched upon a lofty mountain; below is the explanatory legend
"Minerva monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra sequamur ";
around the whole within concentric circles are the words " University of Michigan ". This seal never was engraved for printingat any rate no representation of it appears in the catalogues or
other publications of the University —but impressed upon paper of
a light-green hue it adorns thousands of diplomas. From I858 to 
1878 the coat-of-arms of the State appeared upon the cover or the
title-page-frequently upon both-of the annual catalogue.
December 14, I894, the Regents adopted an entirely new seal,
an inch and three-fourths in diameter. This displays a shield
charged with a lighted antique lamp set upon an open book, which
itself rests upon a closed volume; below the shield, in a scroll, is
the motto "Artes Scientia Veritas ". For crest there is a rising




OUR ALMA MATER


I 5


sun with rays which fill the back-ground of the inner circle of the
seal. The shield bears the horizontal lines that in heraldry indicate blue; and presumably the lamp and the books are intended to
be of gold, thus utilizing the distinctive colors of the University.
A likeness of this seal, having a diameter half an inch shorter than
that of the original, has been engraved for printing, and appears
upon the title-pages of the catalogues from 1895 to I898.
Our college colors were chosen at a meeting of the literary department held in the chapel on Saturday, February 12, 1867, when
Milton Jackson, '67, Albert
H. Pattengill, '68, and J..
Eugene Jackson, '69, the
committee appointed for the  sick.l
purpose, reported a resolution in favor of " azure-blue 
and  maize", which was 
adopted. In about ten years
the colors came to be styled,l 
as they are now styled, yellow and blue. The original w   be
blue was neither light nor
very dark, and the yellow was   THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE.
decidedlygolden. Neverhas
there been any warrant for the sickly yellow and the faded blue
furnished by some of the tradesmen of Detroit and Ann Arbor.
Of course the colors are made much of in all possible ways.
The best of our songs is called '" The Yellow and Blue ", and one
of the college papers had the same name. They are used in college
buttons, a yellow ground with blue letters "U of M " or yellow
letters in a blue field; or the letters may be blue and yellow counter-charged on a field divided by a diagonal between the colors.
Minute pennants attached to stickpins and enamelled to show the
colors and " U of M " or "Michigan " are often seen.
Two years after the adoption of the colors a discussion concerning college caps began. Class caps were of earlier origin.
Finally, after prolonged debate, the students of the academic department-nobody dreamed in those days of consulting other students-voted by a large majority at a meeting held in the chapel,
Saturday morning, November 27, I869, to adopt a cap. Professor
Williams and Acting-President Frieze strongly favored the movement, the latter declaring that a cap which he could wear without




i6


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


reference to changes of fashion would be most acceptable to one of
his slender income. The cap selected was not the Oxford cap-the
regular mortar-board. It was made of fine blue cloth, with square
top, to the centre of which was attached a black tassel. Above
the moveable visor were the letters U M, and just beneath them
the class numeral. The failure to designate to what department
the wearer belonged was soon noted, and on other grounds it was
felt by not a few students that the thing desired had not been
found. The caps arrived in January, I870, and were donned by a
majority of the Faculty and by many students.  But the sophomores, who had previously obtained the class-caps, would not
adopt the University affair, and before long those who had the latter grew tired of it. The C h ronicle of November 5, I870, said
" At present it is a meaningless oddity, and, unless more generally
worn, ought to be discarded entirely ". In January, 1877, another
cap, a genuine mortar-board, was adopted, but T h e C h r o nicle
of March 3, I877, declared " Thus far only about one-fourth of
the literary students have purchased them, and the demand is on
the decline ". Six months later the same paper said " The Oxford
Cap has already become a stranger in our streets, an early victim
of the fickleness of the students' preferences ".
Following the not altogether dignified custom of the students
of other institutions of learning, a peculiar cheer or " yell " has
been adopted-or, more accurately speaking, has been developedby our undergraduates. According to The Chronicle of April
28, I883, the " yell " at that date was " Rah, rah, rah! U-of-M!!
rah, rah, rah, rah!! ". More dangerous to the ear, and therefore more effective, is the present cheer: U. of M., rah, rah, rah,
rah! U. of M. rah, rah, rah, rah! Hoo rah, Hoo rah, Michigan, Michigan, rah, rah, rah!!


*




CHAPTER II


GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS
An official list of the graduates of the University was first
printed in 1848, as an appendix to the annual catalogue of that
year. It is headed "Alumnorum Catalogus ", and contains four
classes, thus: '45, eleven men; '46, seventeen; '47, twelve; '48,
sixteen; total, 56 alumni. This corresponds with the roll as published in the general catalogue of 1891, except that '45 is credited
in the latter book with twelve men; Mr. W. B. Wesson making
the twelfth because of his nunc pro tunc degree given in I873. Of
the 56 men graduated 1845-48, thirty-two have died.
The general catalogue has passed through three editions, those
of 1864, 1871, and I891; and to these should be added the admirable catalogue issued in i880 by Theodore R. Chase, with the approval of the Board of Regents. Forty pages containing the
names of 999 graduates made up the edition of 1864. Of the
alumni proper, the graduates of the collegiate department, nineteen
classes, from '45 to '63, with 428 members, were enrolled. The
thirteen graduated classes of the medical school were credited with
363 men, and for the law school four classes and I44 graduates
were given. Sixty-four graduates, forty-four of whom belonged to
the literary department, were marked with the " fatal star ". No
account of non-graduates was taken by the general catalogue of
1864; residences were not designated; and the biographical notes
were few and meagre.
The general catalogue of I87 -misnamed "Triennial "-was
much like its predecessor, except that it included eight additional
classes and the names of about 2,000 recent graduates. It was a
pamphlet of eighty-eight pages.  "The Michigan University
Book " edited and published in i880 by Theodore R. Chase of '49,
is a fine volume of 400 pages. It includes the graduates of I880,
gives the names and classes of non-graduates, and presents a total
of 7,542 names, the total number of graduates enrolled being about
6,ooo. Mr. Chase's book is especially valuable for its geographical index, a feature omitted from the general catalogue of I891.
The latter contains 472 handsomely printed octavo pages bound in




i8


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


cloth boards with gilt top. According to the figures of this catalogue the total number of persons (up to and including Commencement in 1890) who had received degrees was 10, 127, the number of
those upon whom the ordinary degrees of the collegiate department
had been conferred being 2,524. A count shows that the number
of non-graduates enrolled in this catalogue is about 9,400, of which
total the college proper claims 2,500, the medical school 4,300,
and the law school 2,050.
Thus far about 14,000 persons have been graduated from the
University. The number of those who have received the ordinary
collegiate degrees is 3,990. The degree of M. D. has been conferred upon 3,190 persons, that of LL. B. upon 5,765, that of Ph.
C. upon 744, that of D. D. S. upon 738, that of M. D. (Homoeopathic) upon 323. It would seem that the number of academic
non-graduates is about equal to that of the graduates, that degrees
are received by not more
than forty per cent of the
medical matriculates, and
that about two-thirds of the gradu
law-school men finish the ir 
course. The e   total numbera, ta o 
of those who have received  ii fom for many year
Any attempted list of those alumni and former students who
instruction in the halls s of illife must:i I/i 1  
our Alia Mbe ater is abouthe nas to be 
27,000. It is supposed that        THE HURON  VER.
about i,5ooof the graduates
have died. Edmund Fish is believed to be the sole survivor of
the oldest graduated class, that of '45, George E. armelee, also
ofthat class, not having been heard from for many years  Eightytwo of the 145 graduates of the first ten classes are known to have
passed away.
Any attempted list of those alumni and former students who
have been especially prominent in the various walks of life must
necessarily be both defective and invidious. 'The names to be
dealt with are so numerous, our graduates are so widely dispersed,
and changes occur so frequently, that mistakes of fact are not
merely possible but certain. And even when the facts 'are known
the problem is one of selection; a few must be chosen to represent
many; and errors of judgment are inevitable. It must be remembered also that many alumni who never have held political, judicial, or educational offices, who have done little that can be sum



4




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


I9


marized in print, may as successful lawyers, doctors, bankers, or
manufacturers be the leaders of the communities wherein they reside. This much having been said by way of forestalling criticism,
an effort will be made to name the distinguished sons of our common Alma Mater.
In the Senate of the United States the University has been
represented by Adonijah S. Welch, A. B. '46, Thomas W. Palmer,
'49, Cushman K. Davis, A. B. '57, Ozora P. Stearns, B. S. '58,
LL. B. '60, Arthur Brown, A. M. '63, LL. B. '64, Calvin S. Brice,
'67 1, John B. Allen, '68 1, and Lucien Baker, '70 /. Messrs. Davis
and Baker are members of the present Senate.  Oddly enough
none of the eight served in the House before entering the other
branch of the National legislature.
The following Ann Arbor men have sat or are sitting in the
Federal House of Representatives: William W. Phelps, A. B. '46;
J. Logan Chipman, '47; John S. Newberry, A. B. '47; Byron G.
Stout, A. B. '5i; Henry A. Reeves, '52; Jay A. Hubbell, A. B.
'53; Jasper Packard, A. B. '55; Edwin Willits, A. B. '55; Levi T.
Griffin, A. B. '57; Augustus H. Pettibone, A. B. '59; Byron M.
Cutcheon, A. B. '6I, LL. B. '66; Jonas H. McGowan, B. S. '6I,
LL. B. '68; Seth C. Moffatt, '64, LL. B. '63; Justin R. Whiting,
'67; Horace G. Snover, A. B. '69, LL. B. '71; William C.
Maybury, '70, LL. B. '71; Roswell P. Bishop, '72; John F.
Shafroth, B. S. '75; Ben T. Cable, B. S. '76; Charles A. Towne,
Ph. B. '8I; John J. Lentz, A. B. '82; John B. Rice, M. D. '57;
Henry F. Thomas, M. D. '68; Walter I. Hayes, LL. B. '63; John
H. O'Neall, LL. B. '64; Edwin W. Keightley, LL. B. '65; James
WV. Owens, '66 /; Edward P. Allen, LL. B. '67; Adoniram J.
Holmes, LL. B. '67; Samuel R. Peters, IL. B. '67; Thomas J.
Wood, LL. B. '67; Marriott Brosius, LL. B. '68; William  H.
Harries, LL. B. '68; George Ford, LL. B. '69; S. S. Kirkpatrick,
'6) /; John C. Tarsney, LL. B. '69; Solomon G. Comstock, '70 /;
Melvin M. Boothman, LL. B. '71; William F. L. Hadley, LL. B.
'71; James Laird, LL. B. '71; John A. Pickler, LL. B. '72;
Timothy E. Tarsney, LL. B. '72; John D. White, LL. B. '72;
Thomas A. E. Weadock, LL. B. '73; Nils P. Haugen, LL. B. '74;
Theobald Otjen, LL. B. '75; James S. Gorman, LL. B. '76;
Samuel W. Smith, LL. B. '78; Winfield S. Kerr, LL. B. '79;
George D. Meiklejohn, LL. B. '80; Ferdinand Brucker,,LL. B.
'81; Edward E. Wilson, '8i 1; David H. Mercer, LL. B. '82;
William S. Mesick, '82 1; Joseph M. Kendall, '83 /; Edgar Wilson,




20


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


LL. B. '84; Benjamin F. Shively, LL. B. '86; William H. King,
LL. B. '87; and Marion DeVries, LL. B. '88.
Two of our number-David Mills, LL. B. '67, and William F.
Roome, M. D. '67-have been members of the Canadian Parliament.
In the President's Cabinet our Alma Mater has had these
representatives: Edwin F. Uhl, A. B. '62, Secretary of State; Don
M. Dickinson, LL. B. '67, Postmaster-General; J. Sterling Morton,
'54, Secretary of Agriculture; and William R. Day, B. S. '70, the
present Secretary of State. Other important posts at the national
capital have been filled by the following alumni: Eugene Willits,
A. B. '55, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture; George Chandler,
LL. B. '66, Assistant Secretary of the Interior; George D. Meiklejohn, LL. B. '80, now Assistant Secretary of War; Bluford
Wilson, '65, Solicitor of the Treasury; Charles H. Aldrich,
A. B. '75, Solicitor-General of the United States, and Lawrence
Maxwell, Jr., B. S. '74, his successor in the same office; Mark W.
Harrington, A. B. '68, Ex-Chief of the Weather Bureau; and
Henry T. Thurber, A. B. '74, President Cleveland's Private
Secretary.
The following children of the University have held important
positions in the diplomatic and consular service of the United
States: Edwin F. Uhl, A. B. '62, Ambassador to the German
Empire; Thomas W. Palmer, '49, Minister to Spain; William E.
Quinby, A. B. '58, Minister to the Netherlands; Richard Beardsley, B. S. '59, Consul-General at Cairo; and William K. Anderson,
A. B. '68, Consul at Hanover.
The Ann Arbor men who have been governors of states or
territories, are: Thomas B. Cuming, A. B. '45, Acting Governor
of Nebraska, I856-58; Cushman K. Davis, A. B. '57, Governor of
Minnesota, 1874-76; Lyman U. Humphrey, '68 1, Governor of
Kansas, 1889-93; Ridgley C. Powers, '63, Military Governor of
Mississippi, 1871-74. Although the chief magistracy of Michigan
has not yet been exercised by any graduate (O. M. Barnes, A. B.
'5o, having been defeated by his Republican opponent in the election of I877), yet the office of Lieutenant-Governor has been held
by Dwight May, A. B. '49, and by Thomas B. Dunstan, '73 /, both
former students at Ann Arbor; and State Senator Joseph R. McLaughlin, B. S..'77, recently acted as Lieutenant-Governor.
Henry A. Conant, '65, was Michigan's Secretary of State, I883-87.
Edward H. Butler, '6i, Benjamin D. Pritchard, '62 /, and James
M. Wilkinson, '64, LL. B. '64, have all served Michigan as State




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


21


Treasurers.  William C. Stevens, LL. B. '68, was Auditor General, 1883-87, and the post of Attorney-General of Michigan has
been held by Dwight May, A. B. '49, Fred A. Maynard, A. B. '74,
LL. B. '76, S. V. R. Trowbridge, '76, Byron D. Ball, LL. B. '6i,
Isaac Marston, LL. B. '6i, Jacob J. VanRiper, '62 /, and Moses
Taggart, LL. B. '67. The alumni who have held like offices in
other states are too numerous to mention. Among the alumni to
whom large cities have turned for good government are Isaac M.
Weston, '67, formerly Mayor of Grand Rapids, William C. Maybury, '70, LL. B. '7I, now Mayor of Detroit, and Cyrus P. Walbridge, LL. B. '74, recently Mayor of St. Louis.
Our University has trained nearly a score of college presidents, including Charles Kendall Adams, A. B. '6i, formerly at the
head of Cornell University, but now the President of the University of Wisconsin; Harry B. Hutchins, Ph. B. '7I, Acting Presi
dent of the University of Michigan; Austin Scott, A. M. '70,
President of Rutgers College; Lewis R. Fiske, A. B. '50, President
of Albion College, I877-97; Mark W. Harrington, A. B. '68, recently President of the Uni- 
versity of Washington, over which institution  i 
William F. Edwards, B. S. 'go, now presides;
Henry Wade Rogers, A. B. '74, President of 
Northwestern University; George G. Groff, '78,
President of Bucknell University, 1888-89, and,
now in the Faculty there; Hosmer A. Johnson,  4  t >?
A. B. '49, late President of the Chicago Medical College; Adonijah S. Welch, A. B. '46,
Edwin Willits, A. B. '55, Lewis McLouth, A. B.
PRESIDENT HAVEN.
'58, and Oscar Clute, '67, all of whom have RESDENT HA
governed agricultural colleges; Park S. Donelson, A. B. '49, now
deceased, President of the Ohio Wesleyan Female College; and
Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer, A. B. '76, President of Wellesley
College, I881-87.
Of course our Alma Mater has drawn heavily upon her own sons
to fill her Faculties, until many of the leading chairs are occupied
by men who formerly were students here. Without attempting to
give a complete list these may be named: Alfred DuBois, A. B.
'48, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, I857-63; Edward P. Evans.
A. B. '54, Professor of Modern Languages and Literature, i863-70;
Levi T. Griffin, A. B. '57, Fletcher Professor of Law, i886-97;
James C. Watson, A. B. '57, Professor of Astronomy, i863-79;
3




22


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Bradley M. Thompson, A. B. '58, Jay Professor of Law since i888;
Charles Kendall Adams, A. B. '6i, Professor of History, I865-85;
Martin L. D'Ooge, A. B. '62, Professor of the Greek Language and
Literature since 1870: Joseph B. Davis, C. E. '68, now Professor
of Geodesy and Surveying; Isaac N. Demmon, A. B.'68, Professor
of English and Rhetoric since 1871; Mark W. Harrington, A. B.
'68, Professor of Astronomy, 1889-93; Albert H. Pattengill, A. B.
'68, Professor of Greek since 1889; Joseph B. Steere, A. B '68,
Professor of Zoology since I88I; Edward L. Walter, A. B. '68,
Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures since 1887;
Wooster W. Beman, A. B. '70, Professor of Mathematics since
1887; Richard Hudson, A. B. '71, Professor of History since i888,
and Dean of the Literary Faculty since 1897; William J. Herdman,
Ph. B. '72, Professor of Practical Anatomy since i888; Volney M.
Spalding, A. B. '73, Professor of Botany since 1886; Victor H.
Lane, C. E. '74, LL. B. '78, Professor of Law since 1897; Jerome
C. Knowlton, A. B. '75, LL. B. '78, Marshall Professor of Law
since 1889; Victor C. Vaughan, M. S. '75, M. D. '78, Professor of
Hygiene and Physiological Chemistry; Alexis C. Angell, A. B. '78,
Professor of Law; George Hempl, A. B. '79, now Junior Professor
of English; Andrew C. McLaughlin, A. B. '82, now Professor of
American History; Jacob E. Reighard, Ph. B. '82, now Professor
of Zo6logy; Fred N. Scott, A. B. '84, now Junior Professor of
Rhetoric; Joseph H. Drake, A. B. '85, now Assistant Professor of
Latin; John 0. Reed, Ph. B. '85, Assistant Professor of Physics;
Edward D. Campbell, B. S. '86, now Junior Professor of Analytical Chemistry; Frederick G. Novy, B. S. '86, Junior Professor of
Hygiene and Analytical Chemistry; Fred M. Taylor, Ph. D. '88,
Junior Professor of Political Economy and Finance; Dean C. Worcester, A. B. '89, Assistant Professor of Zo6logy; Frederick C.
Newcombe, B. S. 'go, Assistant Professor of Botany; George E.
Frothingham, M. D. '64, Professor of Materia Medica, etc., I880 -89; Albert B. Prescott, M. D. '64, Professor of Organic Chemistry
since 1874; Oscar LeSeure, M. D. '73, Professor of Surgery in the
Homoeopathic College; Eliza M. Mosher, M. D. '75, Professor of
Hygiene, and Women's Dean in the Literary Department; G. Carl
Huber, M. D. '87, Assistant Professor of Histology; Thomas A.
Bogle, LL. B. '88, now Professor of Law; Elias F. Johnson,
LL. B. '9o, Professor of Law; Otis C. Johnson, Ph. C. '71, Professor of Applied Chemistry; Alviso B. Stevens, Ph. C. '75,
Assistant Professor of Pharmacy; Roy S. Copeland, M. D. '89,




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


23


Professor in the Homceopathic Medical College; and William H.
Dorrance, D. D. S. '79, Professor in the Dental School.
How vast a debt the educational interests of our country owe
to Michigan may be learned by reading the roll of those whom
our University has sent to teach in other halls of learning. From
Maine to California, from Cambridge to Berkeley, there is hardly
a prominent college in which Michigan instructors are not found.
Following is a partial list: Edmund Andrews, A. B. '49, for many
years Professor of Surgery in the Chicago Medical College;
Alexander Martin, A. B. '55, Dean of the Law Department of the
University of Missouri; John E. Clark, A. B. '56, Professor of
Mathematics at Yale College; Moses Coit Tyler, '56, Professor of
English Literature at Cornell University; William J. Beal, A. B.
'59, Professor of Botany in the Michigan Agricultural College;
Volney G. Barbour, '64, Professor of Civil Engineering in the
University of Vermont; Gabriel Campbell, A. B. '65, Professor of
Philosophy in Dartmouth College; Amos E. Dolbear, M. E. '67,
Professor of Physics and Astronomy in Tufts College; Willard B.
Rising, M. E. '67, Professor of Chemistry in the University of
California; Francis A. Blackburn, A. B. '68, Professor of English
in the University of Chicago; John C. Freeman, A. B. '68, Professor of English Literature in the University of Wisconsin;
Bernard Moses, Ph. B. '70, Professor of History and Poli:ical
Economy in the University of California; S. Robertson Winchell,
A. B. '70, Professor of Latin in the University of Illinois; Edwirn
L. Mark, A. B. '71, Professor of Anatomy in Harvard University:
John B. Webb, C. E. '71, Professor of Mathematics and Mechanics
in Stevens Institute; Charles L. Doolittle, C. E. '73, Professor of
Astronomy in the University of Pennsylvania; Mrs. Mary Sheldon
Barnes, A. B. '74, Assistant Professor of History in Leland
Stanford, Jr., University; Calvin Thomas, A. B. '74, Professor of
German in Columbia University; Rolla C. Carpenter, C. E. '75,
Professor of Experimental Mechanics in Cornell University; Angie
C. Chapin, A. B. '75, Professor of Greek in Wellesley College; A.
V. E. Young, A. B. '75, Professor of Chemistry in Northwestern
University; Archibald L. Daniels, A. B. '76, Professor of Mathematics in the University of Vermont; John F. Downey, '76,
Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in the University of
Minnesota; William P. Durfee, A. B. '76, Professor of Mathematics in Hobart College, and Dean of the Faculty of the same
institution; Lucy M. Salmon, A. B. '76, Professor of History in




24


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Vassar College; John M. Schaeberle, C. E. '76, Astronomer of
the Lick Observatory; George C. Comstock, Ph. B. '77, Professor
of Astronomy in the University of Wisconsin; Mary E. Byrd,
A. B. '78, Director of the Smith College Observatory; Eva
Chandler, A. B. '78, Associate Professor of Mathematics in
Wellesley College; Charles M. Gayley, A. B. '78, Professor of
English Literature in the University of California; Jeremiah W.
Jenks, A. B. '78, Professor of Political Economy in Cornell University; George W. Knight, A. B. '78, Professor of History and Political
Economy in Ohio State University; Charles C. Brown, (C. E. '79,
Professor of Civil Engineering in Union College; Edward M.
Brown, Ph. B. '80, Professor of Modern Languages and Litera___ _   ture in the University of
Cincinnati; Katharine E.
Coman, Ph. B. '80o, Prot  1 X A   fessor of History and Economics in Wellesley College;
Carl W. Belser, A. B. '82,
Professor of Latin in the
University of  Colorado;
MEDICAL BUILDING.
MEDICAL BUILIN     Douglas H. Campbell, Ph.
M. '82, Professor of Botanyin Leland Stanford, Jr., University; John
J. Abel, A. B. '83, Professor in Johns Hopkins University; Lewis
A. Rhoades, A. B. '84, Professor of German in the University of
Illinois; Louis M. Dennis, Ph. B. '85, Associate Professor of
Analytical Chemistry in Cornell University; Alexander F. Lange,
A, M. '85, Associate Professor of English Philology in the University of California; Charles W. Dodge, B. S. '86, Professor of
Biology in the University of Rochester; Lawrence A. McLouth,
A. B. '87, Professor of German in New York University; Robert
B. Moore, Ph. B. '87, Professor of Modern Languages in Colgate
University; Pomeroy Ladue, B. S. '9o, Professor of Mathematics
in New York University; Robert C. Kedzie, M. D. '51, Professor
of Chemistry in the Agricultural College since 1863; Charles
Ambrook, M. D. '70, Professor of the Theory and Practice of
Medicine in the University of Colorado; Laureston A. Merriam,
M. D. '73, Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine
in the University of Nebraska; George E. Morrow, LL. B. '66,




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


25


Dean of the College of Agriculture of the University of Illinois;
David Mills, LL. B. '67, Professor of International and Constitutional Law in the University of Toronto; Marshall D. Ewell,
LL. B. '68, Professor in the Union College of Law, Chicago;
Arthur L. Green, Ph. C. '72, Professor of Chemistry in Purdue
University; Maurice J. Sullivan, D. D. S. '80, Professor of Dental
Pathology and Therapeutics in the University of California; and
Byron S. Palmer, D. D. S. '83, Professor of Dental Techniques in
Northwestern University.
The list of our alumni who have been prominent in educational work by no means ends with those who have taught in
college halls. The following graduates have been or are Presidents
of State Normal Schools: William H. Beadle, A. B. '6i: Edward
Searing, A. B. '6I; George S. Albee, A. B. '64; and John J.
Mapel, A. B. '72. Herschel R. Gass, A. B. '73, was Superintendent of Public Instruction in Michigan from 1882 to I885, as was
Henry R. Pattengill from 1892 to 1896. Walter S. Perry, A. B.
'6i, was Superintendent of Schools at Ann Arbor from T870 until
his death in 1897. Duane Doty, A. B. '56, was for many years
Superintendent of Schools in Detroit and Chicago. Cornelius A.
Gower, A. B. '67, has been Superintendent of Public Instruction
and also Superintendent of the State Reform School at Lansing.
Among those who are prominent in the work of secondary education, the following may be named: George L. Maris, '67, Principal
of the George School at Newtown, Pennsylvania; Charles A. Cook,
A. B. '7I, Principal of the Jefferson High School, Chicago; Judson
G. Pattengill, A. B. '73, Principal of the Ann Arbor High School;
Theodore H. Johnston, A. B. '74, Principal of the West Side High
School, Cleveland; Albert J. Volland, A. B. '76, Principal of the
Grand Rapids High School; Frederick L. Bliss, A. B. '77, Principal of the Detroit High School; Lawrence C. Hull, A. B. '77, Principal of the Lawrenceville School; James H. Norton, B. L. '82, Principal of the Lake View High School; Avon S. Hall, A. B. '84,
Principal of the Calumet High School; and William A. McAndrew,
A. B. '86, Principal of the Hyde Park High School.
The following librarians are graduates of Michigan: Hamilton
J. Dennis, A. B. '58, State Librarian of Kansas; Henry M. Utley,
A. B. '6_, City Librarian of Detroit; Charles E. Lowrey, A. B.
'77, Librarian of the University of Colorado; James P. Dunn,
LL. B. '76, State Librarian of Indiana; and Raymond C. Davis,
'59, Librarian of our University.




26


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Hiram A. Burt, A. B. '62, was the first alumnus to become a
member of the Board of Regents, to which body the constitution
of Michigan entrusts the government of the University. Since his
election in 1867, thirty others have been elected or appointed to
seats in the Board, of whom the following have been students in the
University: Jonas H. McGowan, B. S. '6i, LL. B. '68, 1870-77;
Claudius B. Grant, A. B. '59, 1872-79; Charles Rynd, M. D. '59,
I872-79; Byron M. Cutcheon, A. B. '6i, LL. B. '66, 1876-83;
Samuel S. Walker, B. S. '6i, 1876-83; Jacob J. VanRiper, '62 1,
i880-86; Lyman D. Norris, '45, 1883-84; Charles J. Willett, A.
B. '7I, I884-91; Charles R. Whitman, A. B. '70, LL. B. '73,
1886-93; Charles S. Draper, A. B. '63, I887-92; Roger W. Butterfield, LL. B. '68, since i888; William J. Cocker, A. B. '69,
since 1890; Peter N. Cook, LL. B. '74, since 1891; Levi L. Barbour, A. B. '63, LL. B. '65, 1892-97; and Frank W. Fletcher, Ph.
B. '75, since I893. So it appears that of the thirty-one members
chosen during the past thirty years, sixteen are sons of our Alma
Mater.
Among the distinguished clergymen who have studied in our
University the following may be named: David M. Cooper, A. B.
'48, of Detroit; Justin D. Fulton, '52, S. T. D., of Brooklyn; the
late Tillman C. Trowbridge, A. B. '52, for many years a missionary in Turkey; Edward G. Thurber, A. B. '57, Pastor of the
American Chapel at Paris; William J. Darby, A. B. '69, one of
the leaders of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church; Edward A.
Horton, '69, of the Old South Church, Boston; and Joseph M.
Gelston, A. B. '69, of Ann Arbor.
In the Federal Judiciary the University is represented by William B. Gilbert, LL. B. '72, Circuit Judge, and by Henry H.
Swan, '62, William Story, LL. B. '64, and John A. Riner, LL. B.
'79, District Judges. Of the Supreme Court of Michigan the following graduates have been Chief Justices: Claudius B. Grant, A.
B. '59; Isaac Marston, LL. B. '61; Frank A. Hooker, LL. B. '65,
and John W. McGrath, LL. B. '68; and Joseph B. Moore, '68 /,
is one of the Associate Justices. In the Supreme Courts of other
states and of the territories the following has been our representation: Albert H. Horton, '60, Chief Justice, Kansas; Theophilus
L. Norval, LL. B. '71, Chief Justice, Nebraska; William Story,
LL. B. '64, Chief Justice, Arkansas; John B. Cassoday, '57,
Chief Justice, Wisconsin; Thomas Burke, and Thomas J. Anders,
LL. B. '6I, Chief '74, Justices, Washington; John C. Shields,




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


27


LL. B. '72, Chief Justice, Arizona; Timothy E. Howard, '59, and
Allen Zollers, LL. B. '66, Associate Justices, Indiana; James H.
Cartwright, LL. B. '67, and Joseph N. Carter, LL. B. '68, Associate
Justices, Illinois; LaVega G. Kinne, LL. B. '68, Associate Justice,
Iowa; James E. Riddick, LL. B, '72, Associate Justice, Arkansas;
Orlando M. Powers, LL. B. '71, Associate Justice, Utah; William
H. Barnes, A. B. '65, Associate Justice, Arizona; Charles N. Potter, LL. B. '73, Associate Justice, Wyoming; and Alexander Martin, A. B. '55, Judge of the Supreme Court Commission of Missouri.
The following, all graduates or former students of the University, have been or are Circuit Judges in Michigan: Jay A. Hubbell, A. B. '53; Jared Patchin, A. B. '53; James B. Eldredge, A. B.
'55; William D. Williams, B. S. '57; John J. Speed, '58; Robert E.
Frazer, B. S. '59, LL. B. 'ti; Claudius B. Grant, A. B. '59; Orville W. Coolidge, A. B. '63; Edward D. Kinne, A. B. '64; Herman W. Stevens, A. B. '66, LL. B. '68; Aaron V. McAlvay, '68,
LL. B. '69; Frank Emerick, '70, '75 /; Victor H. Lane, C. E. '74,
LL. B. '78; George S. Hosmer, A. B. '75; James B. McMahon,
Ph. B. '75; Joseph H. Steere, A. B. '76; Norman W. Haire, A. B.
'80, LL. B. '85; Dan J. Arnold, LL. B. '6i; Levi L. Wixson, LL.
B. '62; Henry Hart, LL. B. '65; Frank A. Hooker, LL. B. '65;
Clement Smith, '67 1; Richmond W. Melendy, '67 /; Philip T. VanZile, LL. B. '67; George P. Cobb, LL. B. '68; Robert J. Kelley,
LL. B. '68; Joseph B. Moore, '68/; Charles H. Wisner, LL. B.
'71; John A. Edget, LL. B.   _
'72; Silas S. Fallass, LL.
B. '72; George Gartner,
LL. B. '72; Luke S. Mon-          /? 
tague, LL. B. '72; Stearns
F. Smith, LL. B. '73; John
H. Palmer, '74 7; Rollin
H. Person, '74 7; George  ii..
IV. Smith, '75 7; Peter F.
D)odds, '76 /; William L.
Carpenter, LL. B. '78;
Samuel W. Vance, '78 l;       ASTRONOMICAL ORSERVATORY.
Robert B. McKnight, LL.
B. '79; Roscoe L. Corbett, LL. B. '80; and John W. Stone,
'86 1. The late Lyman Cochrane, A. B. '49, and the late J.
Logan Chipman, '47, were Judges of the Superior Court of De



28


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


troit, and Edwin A. Burlingame, LL. B. '69, is Judge of the Superior Court of Grand Rapids.
It is not altogether uninteresting to note that our University
claims three of the five Justices of the Supreme Court of the State
(including the Chief Justice), twenty-two of the thirty-five Circuit
Judges, and a considerable majority of the probate Judges.
Space fails for the recording here of all of our graduates who
in other states have served as judges in courts not of last resort.
The roll is long, and contains the names of many who soon will be
sitting in courts of final jurisdiction. Suffice it to mention Alfred
Spring, '74, of the Supreme Court of New York; John E. McKeighan, A. B. '66, of St. Louis, Missouri; Morris L. Buchwalter,
'69, of Cincinnati; Carroll C. Boggs, '66, of the Circuit Court of
Illinois; and John A. Shauck, LL. B. '67, Judge of the Second
Judicial Circuit of Ohio.
It is impossible to name here more than a few of the alumni
and former students who have become distinguished in the active
practice of the law. Many of these are mentioned elsewhere in
this book, and need not be recalled now. The following list,
which includes no graduates of classes later than '76, is suggestive
merely: Sidney D. Miller, A. B. '48, William A. Moore, A. B. '50,
Henry M. Cheever, A. B. '53, Ashley Pond, A. B. '54, Levi T.
Griffin, A. B. '57, Browse T. Prentis, A. B. '58, Henry M. Duffield,
'6i, Hoyt Post, A. B. '62, LL. B. '63, John Atkinson, LL. B. '62,
Levi L. Barbour, A. B. '63, LL. B. '65, Don M. Dickinson, LIL. B.
'67, Edward E. Kane, A. B. '67, Charles F. Burton, A. B. '70,
LL. B. '72, Harlow P. Davock, B. S. '70, the late George H.
Lothrop, '70, Edwin F. Conely, '71 /, Charles K. Latham, LL. B.
'72, Frank D. Andrus, A. B. '72, LL. B. '79, Edward W. Pendleton, A. B. '72, Samuel T. Douglas, Ph. B. '73, Henry Russel,
A. B. '73, LL. B. '75, and George Whitney Moore, '73 /, of the
bar of Detroit; Dan H. Ball, '60, of Marquette; Edwin F. Uhl,
A. B. '62, William J. Stuart, A. B. '68, LL. B. '72, Moses Taggart,
LL. B. '67, and Loyal E. Knappen, A. B. '73, of Grand Rapids;
Edgar A. Cooley, A. B. '72, of Bay City; William B. Williams,
A. B. '73, of Lapeer; O'Brien J. Atkinson, LL. B. '6o, of Port
Huron; Orlando M. Barnes, A. B. '5o, and Samuel L. Kilbourne,
LL. B. '60, of Lansing; Henry H. Barlow, A. B. '70, of Coldwater; Frederick L. Geddes, A. B. '72, Barton Smith, B. S. '72,
and George P. Voorheis, A. B. '72, of Toledo; Lawrence Maxwell,
Jr., '74, of Cincinnati; the late James M. Walker, A. B. '46, H.




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


29


H. C. Miller, A. B. '68, William H. Barnum, '6i, Sidney C. Eastman, A. B. '73, Charles H. Aldrich, A. B. '75, James L. High, LL.
13. '66, and M. D. Ewell, LL. B. '68, all of Chicago; Joseph V.
Quarles, A. B. '66, Charles Quarles, '68, and Charles H. Hamilton, B. S. '69, of Milwaukee; Oliver H. Dean, A. B. '68, LL. B.
'70, and Homer Reed, A. B. '72, of Kansas City; Charles L. Buckingham, C. E. '75, of New York; Melvin M. Bigelow, A. B. '66,
of Boston; Walter S. Harsha, A. B. '71, of Detroit, Clerk of the
Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of
Michigan; Darius J. Davison, A. B. '54, Clerk of the United States
District Court for that District; and Charles C. Hopkins, LL. B.
'76, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Michigan.
Not a few of the eminent physicians educated by the University have been named in the lists of college presidents and professors. Others follow: The late Edmund P. Christian, A. B. '47,
of Wyandotte; Samuel P. Duffield, A. B. '54, the late Henry F.
Lyster, A. B. '58, M. D. '60, Theodore A. McGraw, A. B. '59, the
late D. O. Farrand, '62, James B. Book, '64 m, John D. Mulheron,
M: D. '69, David Inglis, '70, Hal C. Wyman, M. D. '73, Howard
Longyear, '75 li, and Rolin C. Olin, M. D. '77, all of Detroit;
Samuel A. McWilliams, A. B. '6i, of Chicago; Henry M. Hurd,
A. B. '63, M. D. '66, now Superintendent of John Hopkins Hospital; James D. Munson, M. D. '73, Medical Superintendent of the
Northern Michigan Asylum for the Insane; and Edward A. Christian, A. B. '79, M. D. '82, Superintendent of the Eastern Michigan
Asylum for the Insane.
Many names familiar in science have been mentioned in the
lists of college professors already given. To those may be added
Asaph Hall, '60, Director of the United States Naval Observatory;
Newton H. Winchell, A. B. '66, State Geologist of Minnesota;
Charles F. Brush, M. E. '69, inventor of the electric arc-light
which bears his name; Marcus Baker, A. B. '70, Geologist of the
United States Geological Survey; and Robert S. Woodward, C. E.
'72, Astronomer of that survey.
William E. Quinby, A. B. '58, of the Detroit Free Press;
Almon L. Aldrich, B. S. '60, of the Flint Globe; James H.
Goodsell, '62, President of the National Associated Press; Charles
M. Goodsell, A. B. '65, of the D a i 1 y G r a p h i c; Abram J. Aldrich,
A. B. '65, Editor of the Coldwater Republican; Isaac M.
Weston, '67, of the Grand Rapids Democrat;Stanley Waterloo, '69, of Chicago; Lucien Swift, M. E. '69, Manager of the




3~


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Minneapolis Evening Journal; and Newton McMillan, A. B.
'79, Associate Editor of the Chicago Evening Post, are a few
of the representatives of the University in journalism.
Among the bankers who spent their college days at Ann Arbor
the following may be named: the late William B. Wesson, '44,
Edward H. Butler, '6i, Joseph C. Hart, A. B. '64, William A.
Butler, B. S. '69, Hamilton Dey, Ph. B. '72, and Edwin F. Mack,
A. B. '83, all of Detroit; George R. Gibson,
'74, of New York; Luther Mendenhall, A.
B. '60, of Duluth; James J. Hagerman,
B. S. '6i, of Colorado Springs; Oliver P.
Dickinson, A. B. '66, of Kansas City; William
N. Ladue. A. B. '60, of Salem, Oregon, and
Archibald B. Darragh, A. B. '68, of Allegheny City. Jacob I. Greene, '6, President
of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance
Company, and Schuyler Grant, A. B. '64,
General Agent for Michigan of the Mutual
T. w. 'AIII R, 49.  Life Insurance Company of New York,
represent the University in insurance circles.  Henry W. Ashley,
A. B. '79, General Manager of the Ann Arbor Railroad, Charles
B. Lamborn, A. B. '58, Land Commissioner of the Northern
Pacific Railroad, Horace G. Burt, '73, President of the Northern
Pacific, and James D. Hawks, '70, of Detroit, are types of the
alumni who are interested in railroad matters. The Michigan roll
embraces also such merchants, manufacturers, and business men
as Eugene F. Cooley, A. B. '70, of Lansing; Charles A. Rust,
B. S. '71, of Saginaw; Francis D. Bennett, '72, of Jackson; George
H. Hopkins, '73, LL. B. '71, formerly Collector of Customs at
Detroit; and Franklin H. Walker, B. S. '73, Charles H. Jacobs,
A. B. '75, Walter S. Russel, C. E. '75, John H. Avery, Ph. C. '77,
Frederick K. Stearns, '77, William C. Johnson, Ph. B. '78, and
William H. Murphy, '79, all of Detroit.
Nearly six hundred former students of the University were
enlisted in the federal armies during the Civil War. Of these the
only one who attained the rank of Brigadier General was a nongraduate of the collegiate department, Elon J. Farnsworth, '59. He
was killed at Gettysburg.  The following, sixteen in all, acquired
the rank of Colonel: Dwight May, A. B. '49; Edward Bacon, A.
B. '50; Jasper Packard, A. B. '55; William W. Wheeler, A. B. '56;




GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


31


Frank Askew, B. S. '58; John W. Horner, A. B. '58; Ozora P.
Stearns, B. S. '58; Charles F. Taylor, '59; Arthur T. Wilcox, A. B.
'59; Byron M. Cutcheon, A. B. '6I; Isaac H. Elliott, A. B. '6i;
William T. Frohock, '6i; George D. Robinson, B. S. '62; James
H. Kidd, '64; Norval E. Welch, LL. B. '6o; and Henry H. Jefferds, LL. B. '6T. Nearly all of these, and several LieutenantColonels, were rewarded by the brevet rank of Brigadier-General.
Recapitulating the lists that have been presented we find that
the roll of Michigan students includes eight Senators of the United
States, fifty-nine Representatives in Congress, four Cabinet Ministers, three Assistant Secretaries (Interior, War, Agriculture), two
Solicitors-General of the United States, one Ambassador, two
Envoys Extraordinary and Envoys Plenipotentiary, one ConsulGeneral, four Governors of Territories or States, one Federal Circuit Judge, three Federal District Judges, eleven Chief Justices
and eleven Associate Justices of State or Territorial Supreme
Courts, forty-two Judges of the Circuit Courts of Michigan, fifteen
Presidents of Colleges, forty-two Professors in the Faculty at Ann
Arbor, sixty-three Professors in important colleges, one BrigadierGeneral, and sixteen Colonels.
Forty years ago an organization somewhat informal in its
nature was effected by the alumni of the literary department.  On
the 26th of June, r860, a constitution was adopted for the society,
which thenceforth was known as "'The Association of Alumni of
the University of Michigan". According to the preamble of the
constitution the objects of the Association were "the improvement of its members, the perpetuation of pleasant associations, the
promotion of the interests of the University, and through that of
the interests of higher education in general".  In June, 1875, the
Association was superseded by an incorporated organization " The
Society of Alumni of the University of Michigan ", which had been
formed in July of the preceding year. Notwithstanding the general name, membership is restricted to graduates of the collegiate
department. Merchant H. Goodrich, '45, was the President of
the literary alumrti from 1859 to I860, and his successor was Datus
C. Brooks, '56. Among later presidents have been Charles W.
Noble, '46, Lieutenant-Governor Dwight May, '49, Thomas W.
Palmer, '49,. M. Barnes, '5o, William A. Moore, '5o, Ashley
Pond, '53, Charles Kendall Adams, '6i, Martin L. D'Ooge, '62,
Levi L. Barbour, '63, E. D. Kinne, '64, and William J. Cocker,
'69.  The most important business of the literary alumni has




32


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


related to the thrice unfortunate "Williams Professorship Fund",
which was started for the purpose of providing for the venerable
Professor Williams. For the business meeting of the Society the
morning of Alumni Day, the day preceding Commencement, is set
apart, and the literary exercises, consisting of an oration and
poem, are held in University Hall on the afternoon of the same
day.
An association of the graduates of the law school was formed
on the 29th of March, I871. The society held its first reunion at
Cook's Hotel, Ann Arbor, on the evening of Tuesday, March 26,
1872. Isaac Marston, '6i, was the first president, and among his
successors have been Byron D. Ball, '6I, Byron M. Cutcheon, '66,
George H. Hopkins, '71, George WT. Moore, '73, and other wellknown graduates.
Before many years all of the departments had graduate associations of their own. It must be admitted that the interest taken
in these organizations was perfunctory. The annual meetings and
literary exercises were poorly attended, and little enthusiasm was
displayed. In view of these facts-which however are equally
true of all other universities-it was decided to unite the societies;
and on the day before Commencement in 1897 the consolidation
was affected.  "The Alumni Association of the University of
Michigan " as the amalgamated society is called, has a Board of
five Directors. The President is Levi L. Barbour, '63. All persons who have received degrees or who have been recommended
for degrees from the University are members, and any person who
has been in attendance in any department for a period of not less
than one year may be elected as an associate member after the
expiration of four years from such year of resident study.
One of the earliest efforts, perhaps the earliest effort, to organize a local association of alumni was made in Detroit, where,
April 7, 1869, at the office of Wilkinson & Post, a meeting was
held for the purpose of combining in one society the graduates
residing in the chief city of Michigan. This meeting formed the
"Michigan University Club of Detroit", with E. B. Wight,'57,
as President, Levi T. Griffin, '57, as Vice-President, Duane Doty,
'56, as Corresponding Secretary, AV. A. Green, '58, as Recording
Secretary, Darius J. Davison, '54, as Treasurer, and Henry F.
Iyster, '58, Browse Prentis, '58, and Theodore A. McGraw, '59,
as Directors.  Notwithstanding this formidable array of officers
the organization never enjoyed a very vigorous existence, and be



GRADUATES AND FORMER STUDENTS


33


fore long it became a memory. Once in a decade or so an attempt
was made to start a new society in Detroit, but the nearness of the
city to Ann Arbor seemed to render organized effort less necessary
or less popular than in more distant localities. What promises to
be a permanently successful society was organized on the last day
of October, 1895.  It is called "The University of Michigan
Alumni Association of Detroit", and has already held two successful reunions. William E. Quinby, '58, is the present presiding
officer.
Beginning in 1869 three attempts have been made to establish or revive a society of Michigan's alumni in the city of Chicago.
James M. Walker, '46, was the first President of this organization,
which in 1887 was incorporated under the laws of Illinois.  During
the past decade the Chicago
Graduate Association has
been unceasing in its efforts
to promote the interests of
the University.  It estabof the University Glee and
Banjo Clubs; it arranged for
the presentation in Chicago
by Michigan students of a::i::   '
Latin play; it founded the
annual football contest be-      CHEMICAL LABORA ORY.
tween the elevens of Michigan and Chicago; it contributed largely to the Waterman Gymnasium; it paid for two years the salary of a coach for the football team; and it founded a medal and testimonial for the winners
in the annual oratorical contest at Ann Arbor.
December 7, 1876, "The Ann Arbor Club of the Pacific
Slope " was formed, and three weeks later forty alumni members
had a reunion dinner in the Palace Hotel, San Francisco. The
alumni in Grand Rapids organized an association in 1877. Two
years afterwards the New England Alumni Association was instituted. On the 17th of March, 1882, the alumni in New York
gave a dinner at Delmonico's to Judge Thomas M. Cooley, and
constituted themselves into a society, and fourteen days later the
graduates in Cleveland held a reunion which was followed by
the usual feast. An association was formed at Minneapolis in
1883, with N. H. Winchell, '66, as the first President.




34


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


On the I8th of February, 1885, a meeting was held at Willard's Hotel in Washington, for the purpose of forming a permanent organization of the alumni residing at the national capital.
After articles of association had been adopted, the fifty alumni
partook of a dinner over which the first President of the Association, Senator Thomas W. Palmer, presided. In response to the
first toast "The University", Professor Charles Kendall Adams
spoke concerning the part of the University of Michigan in the
work of higher education.  The activity of the Washington
alumni has been continuous and successful; and the annual dinner
is attended by nearly all of the many congressmen who claim
Michigan as their Alma Mater.
"The Central Michigan Alumni Association", with headquarters at Battle Creek, was formed in I885. It has had several
reunions. In 1887 the University of Michigan Alumni Association of Colorado was organized. The second annual reunion of
that society was held March 27, i888. In I889 a graduate association was formed in Kansas City. During the present decade
alumni clubs have been founded in Buffalo, St. Louis, Milwaukee,
Macomb County (Michigan), Saginaw, and elsewhere.   It is
believed that the cause of the University will be strengthened
greatly by these organizations.




CHAPTER III


THE DEPARTMENTS
From the opening of the University in September, 1841, until
the organization of the Medical Department in I850, all the students were nnited in the pursuit of academic studies. Had the
conditions precedent to the study of medicine been made as rigorous as those imposed upon would-be matriculates in the college
proper, and had the time required for graduation been the same in
both, it is possible that the two branches would have stood from
the first upon an equal plane in popular opinion and in student
esteem. But with slight requisites for admission, and with only
two years-those years of six instead of nine months as in the collegiate department-it was impossible for medical students as such
to receive much consideration from their fellow matriculates on the
other side of the campus. With the opening of the law school in
1859, the difference between the so-called "lits" and the "professionals " was accented rather than diminished. As the requirements for admission to the law department were nominal, and as
the term examinations were by no means rigid, that seat of learning became a retreat for academic students and others who desired
to enjoy the advantages of university life without labor of preparation or of daily study. Thus it happened that in addition to the
large number of college graduates and of other well-equipped students to be found in the law classes, were men who never should
have been matriculated, and whose conduct was not invariably
creditable to the University.  Moreover the professional school
undergraduates of a generation ago paid less attention than their
literary comrades paid, or than their own successors pay, to matters of dress and address. But whatever the reasons, the students
in the college proper used to look upon "laws" and "medics 
as creatures of an inferior mold.
During the interval between the departure of President Haven
and the inauguration of President Angell literary prejudice against
the professional students was at its height. University Day had
its origin in a resolution passed by the University Senate at the instance of Judge Cooley in i868, and the express object of it was




36


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


to consolidate friendly relations between the departments; but before the arrival of the date set for the first celebration disputes
arose about the order of the different schools in the procession, and
about the selection of the chief officer of the day. Finally it was
decided that medicine should precede law, and that literature
should follow both. Orson W. Tock, '70 m, was chosen grand
marshal. Notwithstanding the preliminary controversies the first
University Day, November I7, I869, was very successful. The
public was impressed by the parade, and the University profited by
the attention the affair attracted. For the second celebration,
November 9, i870, Preston C. Hudson, '7I, was elected grand
marshal. The order of march was
law, literature, and medicine. Un|\\,A fortunate arrangement! As the
lk  E   - ~ 2 at~   procession was returning from the
r  exercises-which were held in one..       i...    th' e ~of the city churches —that part of
the legal contingent in which was
carried the beautiful blue-silk ban7i  ner of the department came by
some strange tactical evolution in
contact with the under-class "Ilits "
A wild " rush" followed; many
combatants lost collars, cuffs, and
even more important parts of their
raiment; and the banner of the law
was sadly torn. Betaking themselves
LAW BUILDING, 1863-98.  to their lecture-room the law students made many fiery speeches, and adopted a series of incendiary
resolutions. A third University Day was not attempted. Speaking of the departed celebration T h e C h ron i c 1 e said " We doubt
if a real, genuine, University feeling can ever be established, however desirable it may be. The ties are too slight by which the
professional school men who constitute a majority in the University are bound to the institution, their connection with it too
slight, to inspire any great enthusiasm. The connection between
the three departments exists more in name than in reality ".
A great passage at arms between literature and medicine
occurred November 9, I872. For that day a game of football
between academic freshmen and sophomores had been scheduled,
and the medical students determined to play at the same time on




THE DEPARTMENTS


37


the same ground. A meeting was held the evening before, and
the medical students decided to wear, as an appropriate badge
of the department, a red ribbon around either their wrists or their
necks, and to put oft the ground every person not so distinguished.
Without any such organizing by the college men the two parties
assembled in the northeastern part of the campus. The doctors
tried to play, but the noise and the confusion were too great.
Then the literary boys challenged them to play football just as
they were. They refused. A crowd soon gathered around two
excited speakers; some one on the outside began to push; and
the rush began.  Seven hundred and more men pushed and
shouted, and tugged and wrestled, the "lits" trying to carry the
"medics" eastward and the latter seeking to force the former
westward. The senseless struggle continued until both sides
needed rest, so rings were formed, and the wrestlers of both
parties met in the midst. This was not exciting enough, nor as yet
was sufficient damage done; at it again went the whole mob, and
the pushing and battering were renewed. Spectators from all parts
of the city filled the campus around the ball-ground. And now a
large area was formed, and more wrestling and more boxing took
place. As darkness came on many of the medical students repaired to their boarding houses, since your true "medic " never
allows himself to remain hungry for long. Taking advantage of
this strategic error the college men rushed upon their weakened
foes, and soon every one of the ebryonic doctors, his red badge
torn from him, was over the fence and out of the campus. Then
the literary students formed in a triumphal procession, arranged in
the order of the classes, and marched down into the city, where
cheers were given and songs sung.
What must be regarded as the first important step toward
placing the different departments on the plane of equalitywhich in
theory they occupy, and which they really do occupy in the German universities, and in the University of Virginia, was the lengthening of the terms in the professional schools from six to nine
months. Thus the Commencements of all the schools were in i885
for the first time held on the same day. In i880 the course in
medicine was increased from three to four years, and since 1894
three years.insteacT o two have been required for admission to the
law school. These changes, together with advances in the requirements for admission, and with such rigid enforcement of work
during term time that neither law nor medicine is alluring to the




38


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


lazy student, have done much to rehabilitate the professional
schools in collegiate opinion. Should it be found practicable to
require a college diploma before matriculation in any school save
the academic, the lines between the different departments may in
time be obliterated as far as student feeling goes. At present the
relations, though not intimate, are friendly. It should be added
here that the Engineering Department, which in I895 was carved
out of the Depam ent of Litera —tue, Science, and the Arts, is still
reckoned as part of the latter in social and class matters; and as
the requirements for admission to it are sufficiently rigorous academic students are not likely to ostracise their former associates
________     because of the arbitrary division made by the
authorities.....| ^Until 1876 the School of Pharmacy, the
first class of which was graduated in I869,
ag Gu ^    was catalogued as a sudivision of the literary
department.  For a time the students of the
school insisted that they were "lits" and
they claimed-but were denied —the right as
such to vote in the elections for editors of
The Chronicle and for officers of the Students' Lecture Association. Indeed the feelw.. QUINBY, '58.  ing of the real "lits " against them never was
so acrimonious as it was against the "medics " and the "laws ".
As for the College of Homceopathy and the Dental School, the
relations of their students with the academic undergraduates have
been slight. The advocates of homceopathy used to complain of 
unfair discrimination against them on the part of the professors
and students of the " regular " school; but such complaints are rare.
Years ago departmental spirit was fostered by circumstances.
The entire medical school was called together very often, the law
school daily, to hear lectures; and compulsory chapel exercises
assembled every morning all the academic undergraduates. Meetings of the literary department used to be held on Saturday after
chapel, and on occasion, as in choosing colors and when adopting
a University cap, those meetings legislated for the whole body of
students. At a department meeting some one of the seniors was
called to preside.  In October, 1870, a full complement of officers, with Charles E. Gorton, '7, as President, was elected, and
it was determined that a new choice should be made at the end of
every college year. But a second election did not take place.




THE DEPARTMENTS


39


With the abolition of Saturday morning chapel department meetings ceased, or were held on extraordinary occasions only. In
fact when attendance at chapel became voluntary the academic
students, no longer brought together by any official exercise, lost
much of their partisan feeling. That feeling, however, has been
preserved in each of the other schools by the solidifying influence
of a common profession. The law students in particular have
always manifested a genuine regard for their school. When the
old University custom of celebrating the birthday of Washington
was discontinued, the undergraduates of the law department took
it up; and they have made so much of it that the list of those who
have delivered the twenty-second of February addresses includes
the most eminent men in the country. Of late the law students
have been very active-and correspondingly successful —in the
elections wherein members of different departments participate.


-.
-~ -
--


THE MUSEUM BUILDING.




CHAPTER IV
THE CLASSES
Of all the institutions with which the Michigan student comes
in contact the most important is the class. This the young
matriculate helps to organize, through it he becomes a factor in
college life, and in memory of it he returns to Ann Arbor long
after student days have passed. If anybody cares, fifty-eight
academic classes have been matriculated.  William B. Wesson of
Detroit, who entered as a sophomore in i841, but who left college
in 1842 on account of poor health, con^^<*^ Istituted the class of '44; and Judson D.
_       - i   Collins, Merchant H. Goodrich, Lyman
D. Norris, George E. Parmelee, and
a          C- H George IV. Pray, formed at the outset
the class of '45, which, after receiving
eight accessions during the four years of
its course, and after losing three of its
number, came up to Commencement with
eleven men. These eleven included all
of the original six except Norris, who took his degree in 1845
at Yale where he had spent the last two years of his course. One
of the two non-graduates was Alexander M. Campau of Detroit,
whose place in the University has been taken by his sons and
grandsons. With the class of '46 twenty-two men were associated,
and the class of '47 had twenty-five, the number of graduates in
each being seventeen and twelve respectively.  Twenty-three
alumni and twelve non-graduates made up the class of '49, which
kept the lead in numbers until surpassed by '57. The attempt of
the Faculty to suppress the secret societies drove to other colleges
eight members of the class of '50 alone, and the evil effects of it
were not effaced until the entrance of the large class of '58, the
strongest ante-bellum  delegation.  With that class eighty-nine
men, of whom   forty-nine received diplomas, were connected.
The academic class of '6i graduated fifty-three men, but the
Civil War caused the attendance to diminish, and not until the
class of '68 with its fifty-four alumni was the record of '6i




THE CLASSES


4I


equalled or surpassed.  In i866 was matriculated the largest
delegation known up to that time; one hundred and four men
entered with the class of '70, which also-despite a serious conflict
with the Faculty-graduated a number before then unprecedented,
viz., seventy-six. Now came many large classes, foremost among
them being '75, with which ninety-two men took degrees. For a
long time '75 remained the largest of the classes if the number of
graduates is regarded as the test; but '88 carried Io9 men through
the ordeal of Commencement. At present '96 with its record of
170 male graduates is the banner class. The number of women
graduated with each academic class has varied from one in '73 to
eighty-two in '96.
Coming to the professional schools one learns that '5I, the
earliest class in medicine, was also the smallest, for it graduated
only six men. This number grew to forty-one in I854, but the
hard times of I857 caused a relapse. Toward the close of the
Civil War and thereafter the delegations increased, ninety-seven
men being graduated in I869. Notwithstanding the lengthening of
the terms from six to nine months, the popularity of the school
continued to grow, so that as many as II7 students received diplomas with '83. Probably that class will long hold the record, for
the addition of a third year to the course so diminished class rolls
that nine years passed before the old figures were approached; and
since '92 the requirement of a fourth year has lowered the average
annual graduation to sixty.
As for the law school, its classes increased every year from
I86o, when twenty-four men were graduated, to i868, when I50
took degrees. This record remained until 1876, in which year the
graduates numbered 159. In 1879 diplomas were conferred upon
193 students, a number which was not equalled until the graduation of '90 with 212 members. The classes now grew so large as to
be almost unmanageable-'93 finishing with 327, '95 with 301,
and '96 with 324-and the extension of the course to three years
became necessary. This had the effect of reducing the class for
1897 to fifty-one members, but it is believed '98 will graduate
nearly 200.
Classes in the school of pharmacy have varied in size at the
time of graduation from five in 1872 to forty-one in 1889. The first
class ('69) had twenty-three members, the latest ('97) twenty-one.
In the dental school the earliest class '(76) graduated nine students, and the largest class ('94) includes sixty-five alumni. As




42


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


for the homceopathic medical school, its classes, beginning with
'77, have ranged from twenty-five men in I879 to one man in I895;
and the class of 'oi is the largest, with one exception, ever matriculated. The engineering department began in I895-96 to have
classes of its own, but its students are regarded as classmates by
their comrades in the college proper, and its classes are included
in the figures given for those of the literary department.
In the early days when the students roomed in the college
dormitory, and when all the members of a particular class met in
the same recitation rooms day after day, class spirit was necessarily strong. This spirit, of which class badges, canes, caps, colors,
publications, reunions, seals, and songs are the legitimate exponents, while "bolts ", "hazing ", and "rushing" are its abnormal
outgrowths, has varied greatly in different classes. Of it '68, '70,
and '73 had perhaps a superabundance, while '69 was thought to
have but little. Gradually changes have been introduced which
have done away with much that nourished special pride in and affection for one's class. The dormitory is no more; compulsory attendance at chapel, where all academic students used to meet
daily, each class sitting by itself, has been abolished; the privilege
of holding class meetings immediately after chapel has been with^, _  4 L~     ~ drawn; oratorical exhibitions in which
HI  the class as such was interested, have
been abandoned; the system of elective
m, @1EB ~          studies has destroyed the integrity of
tse m          ae w i the class by throwing together men of
was reag f0o all classes; and finally, the Faculty has,
since i88o, ignored class distinctions
altogether, the names of all academic
- _ T1        students being printed in one alphabetical
arrangement in the catalogue. Some of
these changes were made with the intention of minimizing what
was regarded as a dangerous force; and already many zealous
friends of the University are questioning whether the force has not
been lessened too much, and whether anything else is a substitute
for it in producing that collegiate loyalty without which Alma
Mater can profit little by her sons.
It is to be regretted that the official catalogue has given up the
arrangement by classes. That arrangement could easily be made
in accordance with the proportionate amount of credits held, and
it would be very convenient for purposes of reference, especially




THE CLASSES


43


as to men who leave college without degrees. The editors of the
general catalogue of the University, published in I891, carried the
official abolition of classes so far as to print in one long alphabetical roll the names of all the non-graduates of each department, an
arrangement whereby the member of 'go precedes the member of
'45, and which is both unscientific and inconvenient.  It should be
noticed that ever since I860 the annual catalogue has distributed
the law students into classes, and that the medical students since
I88o have received like treatment.  Of course the academic students have inofficially preserved as well as they could the class
arrangement.    In this the student annuals and the catalogues
of the leading fraternities have assisted, so that it is probable
the class of every non-graduate since I880 can be ascertained.
Names prior to that date are properly classified in the exceedingly
useful "University Book" published by the late Theodore R.
Chase, '49.
Of class organizations no record earlier than I860 remains,
although before that date a full set of officers must have been
elected annually by each class.  In the literary department considerable interest attaches to the choice of officers for freshman year,
as the election constitutes a kind of introduction to the college
public.  Thirty years ago the positions of freshman president and
freshman orator were regarded as quite important, but the annual
supper being the chief exercise of the class as such, the toastmastership-now usually given to a fraternity man-is considered very
desirable.  Following is the list of the freshman academic presidents:
'64 W. B. Hendryx,              '83 P. B. Haid,
'65 F. W. Becker,               '84 S. A. May,
'66 J. V. Quarles,              '85 W. E. Brownlee,
'67 Richard Montgomery,         '86 H. J. Powell,
'68 E. C. Burns,                '87 J. H. Cotteral,
'69 0. J. Campbell,             '88 H. G. Coburn, Jr.,
'70 V. S. Lovell,               '89 C. U. Champion,
'71 P. C. Hudson,               '90 Dugald Brown,
'72 L. H. Jennings,              '91 C. D. Warner,
'73 V. M. Spalding,              '92 W. C. Quarles,
'74 G. S. Baker,                 93 P. M. Day,
'75 E. F. Laible,               '94 J. W. Loeb,
'76 S. C. Fuller,               '95 F. F. VanTuyl,
'77 G. A. Cady,                  '96 W. N. Choate,
'78 G. H. Harrower,             '97 0. H. Tower,
'79 F. D. Haskell,              '98 F. C. Hyde,
'80 B. S. Waite,                '99 Allen Campbell,
'81 F. C. Robbins,              'oo A. P. Cox,
'82 W. D. Robbins,               'oI H. J. Idema.




44


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The freshman orators in the literary department have been:


'64 J. C. Hart,
'65 L. W. Halsey,
'66 J. F. Lawrence,
'67 Amos Wakelin,
'68 E. L. Walter,
'69 H. B. Farwell,
'70 G. T. Campau,
'7I Joseph McGrath,
'72 M. W. Ward,
73 H. A. Adams,
'74 F. A. Maynard,
'75 J. M. Barrett,
'76 D. H. Stringham,
'77 B. H. Colby,
'78 P. H. Hanus,
'79 F. D. Mead,
'80 F. G. Allen,


'81 T. D. Wilson,
'82 J. M. Smith,
'83 C. T. Wilkins,
'84 R. M. Dott,
'86 J. C. Shattuck,
'87 J. H. Patterson,
'88 C. H. Perry,
'89 Louis Boyle,
'9o H. R. Seager,
'91 E. W. Dow,
'92 S. B. Grubbs,
'93 Hugo Pam,
'94 R. A. J. Shaw,
'95 C. M. Holt,
'99 C. G. Roe,
'oo Charles Frank,
'oI C. VanKeuren.


The toastmasters of the academic freshman classes have been:


'64 N. J. Hotchkiss,
'65 J. I. Christiancy,
'67 Thomas Parker, Jr.,
'68 Adoniram Carter,
'69 W. C. Johns,
'7o Z. K. McCormack,
'7i Horace Phillips,
'72 C. C. Worthington,
73 Henry Russel,
'74 W. H. Wells,
'75 E. W. Jenney,
'76 B. T. Cable,
'77 M. H. Brennan,
'78 C. M. Dougherty,
'79 H. T. Morley,
'80 A. S. Deacon,
'8 C. H. Kumler.


'82 J. E. Beal,
'83 F. J. Jennison,
'84 J. B. Whelan,
'86 J. C. Shaw,
'87 S. K. Pittman,
'88 H. W. Allport,
'9o W. B. Ramsey,
'91 J. A. Jameson, Jr.,
'92 J. B. Miller,
'93 F. L. Evans,
'95 G. B. Russel,
'96 E. M. Holland,
'97 Benjamin Townsend,
'98 H. W. Standart,
'99 Muir Snow,
'oo R. C. Apted,
'OI J. M. Wetmore.


Years have passed since the offices of the academic sophomore year were regarded as important. Those of junior year
were neither sought nor shunned until a brilliant intellect in one
of the classes of the seventies conceived that dangerous candidates for the positions of senior year could be killed off by
electing them to junior places; it being regarded improper to elect
the same officers for two successive years. This artless scheme
failing, the junior-class offices were bestowed upon worthy men
whom the enmity or jealousy of fellows of the baser sort picked
out for what had come to be a mark of disrespect.  Usually the
men nominated felt too indifferent to resist, and the election went
by default.  Sometimes these contests were embittered by the
attempts of one fraternity to elect members of another to the




THE CLASSES


45


objectionable positions.  When the class of '82 reached its junior
year the faction which had oftenest succeeded in this particular
kind of enterprise was worsted, and its men were chosen.    However they managed to get even by calling a class election upon
insufficient notice; then they resigned, and elected their enemies
to the places they had left. The members of '83 after much pulling and hauling resolved not to cast a slur upon any of their
number, and abolished junior offices.  Their immediate successors, 
the class of '84, went a step further,
and by formal resolution declared                \
the offices of junior year to be
honorable; but '88 declined to do                 t
this, and bestowed its junior presi-           s  o 
dency upon a member of the non- 
secret fraternity. In'87 there were
no officers during the third year.
A  spirited conflict arose in the 
class of '89 between the fraternitymen   and   the  "Independents ", 
each faction trying   to foist the
junior presidency upon a member             _of the opposing crowd, but finally
as a compromise a committee of three was elected to exercise
executive powers.
As the principal officers of the senior class have parts in the
public exercises of class day, their positions have long been
regarded as among the most desirable of collegiate honors, the
presidency and the oratorship being especially sought.  Following
are the names of the presidents of the senior academic classes:
'6I J. W. Wood,                 '76 B. T. Cable,
'62 R. C. Powers,               '77 J. S. Ayers,
'63 L. J. Brown,                '78 C. M. Daugherty,
'64 W. D. Hitchcock,            '79 C. S. Henning,
'65 J. B. Root,                 '80 B. S. Waite,
'66 S. T. Chapin,               '8r Wetmore Hunt,
'67 J. 0. Andrews,              '82 D. H. Campbell,
'68 E. S. Jenison,              '83 H. A. Mandell,
'69 B. L. C. Lothrop,           '84 J. H. Tyler,
'70 G. E. Dawson,               '85 T. C. Phillips,
'71 J. A. Mercer,               '86 W. A. McAndrew,
'72 Lester McLean,              '87 S. K. Pittman,
'73 J. M. Hemingway,            '88 J. H. Powell,
'74 G. H. Jameson,              '89 W. S. Holden,
'75 C. S. Burch,                 '90 W. J. Baldwin,




46


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'91 R. P. Lamont,
'92 P. W. Ross,
'93 Hadley Baldwin,
'94 D. F. Lyons,


'95 R. R. Lyman,
'96 E. B. House,
'97 S. W. Smith,
'98 F. S. Simons.


The orators of the senior academic classes have been:


'61 J. C. Johnston,
'62 E. F. Uhl,
'63 0. W. Coolidge,
'64 E. D. W. Kinne,
'65 S. B. Ladd,
'66 Eleazer Darrow,
'67 G. E. Church,
'68 E. L. Walter,
'69 W. J. Gibson,
'70 Bernard Moses,
'71 H. B. Hutchins,
'72 J. F. Dutton,
'73 H. W. Gelston,
'74 C. T. Lane,
'75 B. C. Burt,
'76 R. J. Young,
'77 H. C. McDougall,
'78 F. A. Barbour,
'79 George Wright,
The position of poet of
by the following:
'6 I H. M. Utley,
'62 W. E. Nelson,
'63 N. H. Winchell,
'64 S. C. Stacy,
'65 Gabriel Campbell
'66 C. S. Fraser,
'67 D. N. Lowell,
'6S R. J. Reeves,
'69 A. E. Wilkinson,
'70 Edwin Fleming,
'71 R. E. Phinney,
'72 W. A. Brooks,
'73 A. L. Todd,
'74 T. H. Johnston,
75 J. B. McMahon,
'76 H. S. Harris,
'77 W. J. Miller,
'78 George Horton,
'79 E. P. Anderson,


'80 W. W. Cook,
'8 C. A. Towne,
'82 J. F. Gallaher,
'83 W. B. Garvin,
'84 A. S. VanValkenburg,
'85 J. O. Reed,
'86 S. B. Todd,
'87 T. F. Moran,
'88 Moritz Rosenthal,
'89 E. C. Goddard,
'90 H. B. Dewey,
'91 W. H. Nichols,
'92 W. H. Dellenbeck,
'93 S. C. Spitzer,
'94 W. W. Wedemeyer,
'95 J. S. Handy,
'96 F. P. Sadler,
'97 B. H. Ames,
'98 Charles Simons.
the academic senior class has been held
'80 A. J. Potter,
'81 I. R. Crosette,
'82 F. E. Baker,
'83 Kitty VanHarlingen,
'84 Elmer Dwiggins,
'85 Mary B. Putnam,
'86 Helen L. Osgood,
'87 A. G. Newcomer,
'88 Elsie Jones,
'89 Isabella M. Andrews,
'90 Grace E. Harrah,
'9g  Maud Miller,
'92 Julia Herrick,
'93 A. H. Holmes,
'94 J. R. Nelson,
'95 F. P. Daniels,
'96 Euretta A. Hoyles,
'97 A. M. Smith,
'98 C. F. Gauss.


The office of historian has been held by the following academic
seniors:


'6i E. L. Little,
'62 T. H. Hurd,
'63 C. W. Noble,
'64 J. C. Hart,
'65 Albert Jennings,
'66 H. W. Lewis,


'67 Artemas Roberts,
'68 E. L. Hessenmueller,
'69 Henry Lamm,
'70 W. B. Stevens,
'71 J. L. Gillespie,
'72 W. T. Underwood,




THE CLASSES


47


'73 Henry Russel,                 '86 M. D. Atkins,
'74 Calvin Thomas,                '87 A. G. Hall,
'75 Lorenzo Davis, Jr.,           '88 J. N. McBride,
'76 J. H. Steere,                 '89 E. B. Perry,
'77 G. N. Orcutt,                 '90 J. A. C. Hildner,
'78 W. J. Jenks,                  '9I 0. R. Hardy,
79 I. K. Pond,                    '92 A. J. Tuttle,
'80 C. M. Wilson,                 '93 Jennie Eddy,
'8I Allan Frazer,                 '94 F. L. Osenburg,
'82 W. B. Cady,                   '95 R. O. Austin,
'83 J. C. Moore,                  '96 Annie L. Bacorn,
'84 Hugh Brown,                   '97 Oceana Ferrey,
'85 E. E. Powell,                 '98 C. H. Farrell.
The office of seer or prophet, a leading honor in the senior
academic class, has been held by the following:
'6I T. B. Weir,                   '80 C. H. Campbell,
'62 H. D. Follett,                '81 N. A. Stanley,
'64 W. S. Brewster,               '82 Laura Hills,
'65 C. M. Goodsell,               '83 A. M. Brown,
'66 Sidney Beckwith,              '84 Jennie Emerson,
'67 H. P. Churchill,              '85 D. H. Browne,
'68 I. N. Demon,                  '86 F. B. Wixson,
'69 T. O. Perry,                  '87 Nettie Brown,
'70 C. G. Wing,                   '88 Laura 0. Tupper,
'71 S. S. Green,                  '89 Fannie Barker,
'72 Hector Neuhoff,               '92 Mamah Borthwick,
'73 Wayne Hayman,                 '93 Maude E. Merritt,
'74 H. R. Pattengill,             '94 Marian U. Strong,
'75 G. S. Hosmer,                 '95 Mabel Colton,
'76 C. A. Blair,                  '96 Florence Halleck,
'77 V. J. Tefft,                  '97 Inez C. Perrin,
'78 S. D. Walling,                '98 Florence H. Pomeroy.
'79 F. H. Coe,
In the law department class officers are eagerly sought, and
often the contest over them in senior year is long and bitter.
When the class of '76 came to choose officers for the finishing
year an attempt was made to elect to the presidency a member
who had held the same office in the preceding-junior-year. The
candidate was the noted "Colonel" Burleigh, who since his graduation has been lawyer, state senator, actor-"everything by turns
and nothing long". He was fiercely opposed, the secret society
to which he belonged being openly divided upon the question of
supporting him.     He was defeated.      In i886 the class of '87
occupied the entire day in balloting for orator. Finally W. W.
Davis was elected, his success being noticeable because, although
a "one-year man" and a member of a fraternity, he overcame
the obstacle of a two-thirds' vote rule. Five different meetings
were held by the class of '93 before the list of senior officers was
completed, the struggle over the position of valedictorian being




48


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


particularly exciting. At the fourth meeting ten ballots were
taken, none of the candidates being successful. At the fifth meeting, after fourteen ballots, a choice was made.
Prior to I875 the class officers outside of the literary department are not mentioned in The Palladium, and as there is no
other continuous record the lists here presented are not complete.
The roll of senior-class presidents in the law department is as
follows:
'62 W. D. Wiltsie,                '86 J. W. Hamilton,
'63 Hoyt Post,                    '87 E. D. Black,
'70 J. B. Steere,                 '88 W. S. Frost,
'75 W. R. Taggart,                '89 A. F. Wingert,
'76 M. P. Kinkaid,                 '90 F. W. Moultrie,
'77 G. F. White,                   '9I N. A. Phillips,
'78 J. A. Stacy,                  '92 A. C. MacKenzie,
'79 Charles Chandler,             '93 A. W. Jefferis,
'80 I. L. Hillis,                 '94 R. E. Minahan,
'81 T. R. Shaw,                    '95 E. M. Walsh,
'82 B. N. Rooks,                  '96 F. L. Ingraham,
'83 S. C. Blake,                  '97 W. L. Hart,
'84 Frank Healy,                  '98 L. C. Thompson.
'85 E. A. Woodward,
The orators of the senior law classes have been:
'63 Cholwell Knox,                '88 Marion DeVries,
'70 Louis Fockler,                '89 V. O. Hildreth,
'78 H. M. Campbell,               '90 J. B. Chaddock,
'79 H. M. Woodford,                '91 L. S. Baldwin,
'80 J. H. Bayes,                  '92 W. I. Manny,
'81 J. W. Lounsbury,              '93 J. W. Wood,
'82 W. F. Paxton,                  '94 J. L. Poston,
'83 N. P. Conrey,                 '95 L. G. Long,
'84 J. P. Elkin,                   '96 E. D. Reynolds,
'85 F. R. Lander,                 '97 J. S. Handy,
'86 I. N. Huntsberger,            '98 R. L. Weaver.
'87 W. W. Davis,
Following are the poets of the senior classes in the law department:
'63 C. E. Yost,                   '86 Lettie Burlingame,
'70 Fleming Rogers,               '87 Margaret L. Wilcox,
'78 H. S. Reed,                    '88 Charles Ailing,
'79 L. K. Mihills,                '89 S. R. Ireland,
'80 D. H. S. McClure,              '90 C. T. King,
'81 L. R. Taylor,                 '92 J. H. Whitely,
'82 W. R. Wood,                   '93 C. E. Dedrick,
'83 H. M. Oren,                    '95 S. G. Baker,
'84 Z. F. Wharton,                 '96 H. E. Northomb,
'85 Mary C. Geigus,               '97 Albert Kocourek.
The historians of the senior classes in the law department have
been the following:
'70 J. W. Wood,                    '8I W. G. Sharp,
'80 T. M. Sloane,                  '82 G. W. Allen,




THE CLASSES


49


'83 C. I. York,                   '91 H. D. Jewell,
'84 T. C. Jones,                  '92 J. W. Dawson,
'85 H. W. Dickinson,              '93 C. K. Friedman,
'86 J. A. Crawford,               '94 L. R. Herrick,
'87 Absalom Rosenberger,          '95 J. W. Ferrier,
'88 P. F. Gosbey,                 '96 D. R. Williams,
'89 F. A. Brown,                  '97 H. N. Hayes,
'90 0. C. Volkmor,                '98 M. H. Abbott.
Prior to 1882 the senior law students seem not to have indulged in the luxury of a class prophecy.     The list of the seers follows:


'82 0. F. Hunt,
'83 F. W. Smith,
'84 C. W. Miller,
'85 L. A. Springer,
'86 F. G. Higgins,
'87 E. L. Curtis,
'88 Almeda E. Hitchcock,
'89 0. S. Riggs,
'90 R. M. King,


'91 E. R. Satton,
'92 J. G. Erdlitz,
'93 A. J. Hitchcock,
'94 D. J. Buckley,
'95 G. W. Dayton,
'96 A. A. Huseman,
'97 M. W. Babb,
'98 P. Y. Albright.


In I891 the senior class in the law department devised a new
office, that of valedictorian.  It has been held by the following
men:
'91 S. E. Low,                     '95 P. G. Burnham,
'92 J. E. Roberts,                 '96 E. P. O'Leary,
'93 Milton Johnson,               '97 E. C. Ryan,
'94 V. 0. Coltrane,               '98 Robert Healy.
It is commonly supposed that in the medical department the
strife for class offices is less bitter than in the college and in the
law-school.    Following are the names of the presidents of the
senior medical classes, I880-96:
'8r G. F. Heath,                  '90 L. C. Bacon,
'82 Eugene Baker,                 '91 G. L. Kiefer,
'83 J. B. Siggins,                '92 LeRoy Southmayd,
'84 T. L. Iddings,                '93 R. H. Wolcott,
'85 M. L. Eaton,                  '94 R. B. Armstrong,
'86 W. B. Sexton,                  '95 H. A. Haze,
'87 M. H. Clark,                  '96 C. S. McIntyre,
'88 Henry Hulst,                  '97 G. B. Wallace,
'89 E. H. Parker,                 '98 G. M. Livingston.
The presidents of the senior pharmacy classes from I873 have
been:


'74 G. C. Henry,
'75 J. H. Sails,
'76 J. H. Ames,
'77 W. H. D. Lewis,
'78 W. A. Hasbrouck,
'79 R. F. Mull,
'80 Ferdinand Thum,
'8I E. E. Gatchell,


'82 E. E. Meredith,
'83 C. S. Koon,
'84 J. D. Muir,
'85 Henry Palmer,
'86 E. A. Ruddiman,
'87 E. R. Beal,
'88 F. B. Raynale,
'89 Mark Rockwell,




50


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'9g C. C. Sherrard,
'91 A. W. Adams,
'92 Richard Fischer,
'93 C. O. Hill,
'94 M. S. Nichols,
The presidents of the
have been:
'8r W. P. Polhemus,
'83 J. B. Hubbell,
'84 W. H. Sawyer,
'86 H. B. Reynolds,
'87 S. G. Milner,
'88 E. W. Ruggles,
'89 E. C. Williams,
'9o L. A. Howe,


'95 W. J. Teeters,
'96 F. H. Wilson,
'97 E. D. Benjamin,
'98 Edgar Schiller.
senior homoeopathic classes since I88I
'91 A. W. Burdick,
'92 F. J. Peck,
'93 G. F. Clark,
'94 L. E. Peck,
'95 W. H. Atterbury,
'96 W. F. Holmes,
'97 C. M. Steele,
'98 S. P. Tuttle.


These have been the presidents of the senior dental classes:


'84 L. M. James,
'85 E. F. Randolph,
'86 E. K. Clements,
'87 William Saunders,
'88 T. S. Maxwell,
'89 Arthur Richardson,
'90 C. H. Farman,
'91 P. P. Nelson,


'92 C. L. Blunt,
'93 C. A. Hawley,
'94 M. P. Green,
'95 J. H. Neeley,
'96 J. W. Lyons,
'97 G. D. Edgar,
'98 R. J. Roper.


Several of the classes have left memorials of themselves upon
the campus or in the college buildings. One of these offerings is
the huge mass of jasper conglomerate weighing seven and a quarter tons which stands in the northwestern corner of the University
grounds. It was found in a garden below the old county jail, and
only what is now the east face of it was exposed. Professor Winchell, to use the words of Dr. E. H. Wells, '62, had just been
pounding into the class all the strata of the universe, and some
brilliant member of '62 suggested the removal for a class monument of this pebble which the great geologist declared had been
carried from the far North by a glacier. As the boys were poor
they did the excavating themselves.  After much tugging the
rock was loaded on a sledge, and with flags flying was drawn by
ten horses over slushy snow to its present resting place, February 24, 1862.
After the class of '66 had immortalized itself by depositing
in the museum a copy of one of Murillo's master-pieces, '69
reverted to the example of '62, and brought upon the campus
the choice geological specimen which lies in front of University
Hall.  The juniors planned to carry away or bury this stone,
which is much smaller than the '62 affair, but being pre



THE CLASSES


5 


vented they made such feints as caused the seniors to stand guard
over their memorial until after Class-Day.  Still another stone,
which lies under the Tappan Oak, was placed in pursuance of a
resolution adopted by the class of '58 at its twenty-fifth anniversary. That class before its graduation set out trees in circles
around the Tappan Oak, and while some of these have been cut
down others have survived. Trees were set out by the class of
'71 also. The class of '72 planted ivy close to the south wing in
what seems to have been uncongenial soil.
Taking an entirely new departure the class of '70 on the afternoon of Class-Day dedicated to the University the statue of Benjamin Franklin which adorns the campus. As early as I872 fears
were expressed for the health of the
venerable printer and diplomat, and a          \%
writer for The C hronic e wentsofar 
as to insinuate that he is of perishable
cast-iron rather than enduring bronze. 
Benjamin has been taken twice from
his pedestal, and has suffered sundry
coats of whitewash, but he survives.
Other memorials are: the bronze bust 
of Judge Cooley, presented by the law
class of '95; the bust of President,~:
Angell given by the academic class of /        r         \
'95; a cast of the Triumphal Arch of
the Emperor Trajan at Beneventum,
presented by the literary class of '96; a portrait in oil of Professor J. C. Knowlton contributed by the law class of '96; and
a surp of money left as the nucleus of a scholarship fund by the
academic class of '97.
Class songs came into vogue at an early day. The Unive r -
sity Magazine for March, 1862, contains the "Parting Song
of '62 " in ten stanzas to the tune of "Auld Lang Syne ". Richard S. Dewey wrote the " Parting song of '68 ". The song of '69
was in three stanzas, and was sung to the air of " Benny Havens,
O," which also was utilized by Charles A. Warren for the class of
'74. Among the writers, not already mentioned, of class songs,
are G. W. Seavey, '71, H. H. Lyons, '72, J. R. Goffe, '73, B. C.
Burt, '75, M. L. Woolsey, '77, C. M. Gayley, '78, F. S. Bell, '79,
W. E. Brownlee, '85, and R. G. Cole, '88.
With the class of '62 began the series of class seals which for




52


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


a quarter of a century formed part of Michigan's collegiate insignia. Most of them were not real seals; that is, they were not impressions upon wax or paper, but were printed from blocks of
wood or metal. However, the seal of '70 was a stamp, and was not
engraved for printing until the issue of the class book in I890.
Programmes of class exercises, stationery used by enthusiastic
classmen, and class rolls in the P a a d i u m and C as t al i a, were
adorned with these designs, which contained the numerals and the
mottoes of the classes, and, usually, the name or the abbreviated
name of the University.  Very unfilially the class cuts of '64, '65,
'68, and '70, made no reference to Alma Mater. The mottoes
were these: '62, Juncti semper; '63, Sapientia, facetiae, laetitia; '64,
AI~r' aycva cr1Savos; '65, Vivere sat vincere; '66, Droit et avant; '67,
Unus amore, more, ore, re; '68, Palmam habeat qui meruit; '69,
Virtute et labore; '70, Nec mora nec requies; '71, Per aspera ad
astra; '72, "J'Io ouSev 'rogrt'Ov; '73, Scientiae amor nos ducit; '74,
Semper plus ultra; '75, M.er r3 T ray; '76, Respice finem; '77, Surgere tento; '78, "AXpe s, a`cpa; '79, Volens et potens; '80, Esse quam
videri; '8i, Hnps oi maitv  7rovi~aat; '82, Pudeat extremos rediisse;
'83, Ne tentes aut perfice; '84, Els relfav &vSpziav; '85, Semper sursum. The series ended with '85, although the class of '93, some
time after it had left college, made
use of a design which displayed
on a shield within a circle three
crescents interfretted. The seals
of '63, '67, and '73 are coats-of4 ^\*^5    s7 ~arms, and those of '72, '75, '76,
ec. \ss K     +-   and '78 are shields imperfectly
7      PW ^ s  heraldic. Itmust be admitted that
'63's design is a close copy of the
arms of Brazil, and that '73's is
very like the seal of the Yale class
of '69. As for the seal of '84,
it unblushingly adopts the wavebeaten rock and even the owl-andfasces crest of the frontispiece of
the catalogue of one of the secret
societies.  The class of '65 had two seals, it choosing to discard
the earlier and neater after its freshman year. Two experiments
were made by '66 also, the first a characterless affair, the second a
huge design which covered half a page of The Palla d ium; and




THE CLASSES


53


neither was used after sophomore year. While the design adopted
by '67 was by no means poor, yet '62's seal remained unrivalled
until the St. George's cross adopted by '7I came into the field.
This in turn was surpassed by '72's very neat vignette. The seal
of '74 was said to mean that the angular freshman would be developed into the complete and well-rounded senior. At first the
class of '75 adopted for its seal a likeness of the statue of Michigan; but this was discarded in favor of a less ambitious design.
Only one appearance in T h e P all a d i u m was accorded to the seal
of '82, a design representing Pallas, her right arm resting on a
shield which shows the numerals '82, while her left hand grasps a
spear from which floats a long streamer inscribed with the class
motto.
As considerable delay usually attended the selection of a design and the engraving thereof, and as the finished product was not
infrequently unsatisfactory, it sometimes happened that the freshmen did not have their seal ready for The Palladiu m. The
editors kindly supplied the freshmen of '77 with a cut of a donkey
accompanied by the motto " In hoc signo v i n c e s ". This had
the effect of bringing '78 and '79 to time, but '80, '82, '83, and '85,
whether in default or not, were set forth with burlesque seals in the
annual aforesaid. A boycott being threatened by '84 in the event of
the omission of its seal, the class gained its point. In The Palladium of '83 and in later issues all the classes save the seniors
received burlesque vignettes. Finally class cuts were given up altogether. This was due in part to the absurd notion, assiduously
cultivated by vendors of college stationery, that seals and arms of
societies or classes must be printed from steel plates to be truly
artistic. With the decline of class spirit the expense necessarily
involved put steel engravings out of the question. The Chronic Ie of Nov. 17, i888, recommends the purchase of a seal by each
class, which, it says, " would be a good custom and would beautify
our college annual "; but the suggestion remains unheeded even to
this day.
Colors have been adopted by many classes, but the record is
defective.  The following is a list of the selections made by some
of the academic delegations: '73 and '87, blue and maize; '88,
ruby and silver; '89, seal-brown and gold; 'go, steel-gray and carmine; '9I, old-gold and white; '93, cardinal and black. Pink and
Nile-green were the colors of the law class of '89, red and white
those of the law class of '94.
5




54


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Class caps have with us been more popular than college caps.
Early in October, 1869, the sophomores adopted for their special
use a four-cornered affair of blue broadcloth encircled with a silver band, and bearing the figures '72. A small tassel gave the finishing touch. This cap was very neat, and the '72 men were so
proud of it that they actually wore it, a most unusual thing to do
with a college cap. They also had to battle for it, as the '73
freshmen from the top of the stairs leading to the chapel (then the
law-lecture room) precipitated much flour upon such sophomoric
heads as they could reach on the morning of its first appearance,
thus bringing on one of the liveliest " rushes " ever known in Ann
Arbor. From time to time other classes adopted caps. In the
spring of I88i distinctive head-coverings were observed on the
campus: the seniors wore maroon fez caps with old-gold tassels,
the juniors white "plugs ", the sophs white derbies, the freshmen
black mortar-boards with cardinal tassels, the senior medical students black silk hats, the senior law students straw derbies with
band of blue and maize, the " pliarmics " low Mackinac, straw hats
with band of old-gold and cardinal.  Most of the academic senior
classes in the eighties had class caps, the prevailing style being the
mortar-board, which, indeed, with the gown, is now quite a frequent sight in senior year. The sophomores of '85 and the freshmen of '87 are among the lower classes which have had peculiar
caps.
The wearing of class badges is hardly a Michigan custom.
However, the members of '74 quite generally wore during sophomore year, and even later, the interlaced triangle and circle displayed in their seal; and the law class of '86 had as a pin a plain
monogram of gold with a chain and guard.
After spending three years in quiet and unpretentious devotion
to college duties the class of '69 suddenly became an originator of
a new custom; it adopted a class cane. This is described as a
Malacca stick with an ivory handle and a gold band; '69 being
carved in raised figures on the end of the handle, and the owner's
name being inscribed on the band. The class of '70 brought into
fashion the class " autograph cane", and its members gave much
of their time each to carving his name on every other's walkingstick. When '73 attained its seniority this nuisance was abated,
to be revived at intervals afterwards-as in 1877-but hardly with
the old fervor which caused the instructors of '70 and '71 to despair of the republic.




THE CLASSES


55


Another line of activity in which the academic classes became
interested at an early date was the public literary exhibition. The
first affair of this kind was given in the old Presbyterian Church
by the sophomores on the evening of Aug. Io, 1843. Four orations, four dissertations, four essays, and one poem, gave every
member of the class a chance. By the same class, '45, the first
junior exhibition was given Aug. 14,
1844.  Many years passed before a
freshman exhibition took place, the 
first being on the evening of May 28, 
1869. It was given by eighteen members of the class of '72 who had been
appointed by Professor Tyler; and it 
may be observed that only two of the       -
eighteen were chosen to speak at Commencement. The second and last of
the freshman exhibitions was held on 
the evening of May3I, I870. Twentythree appointments were made for this by Professor Tyler. Henry
Russel, George Hopkins, and S. T. Douglas, now of the Detroit
Bar, and V. M. Spalding, now of the Faculty, were among the
speakers. The exercises consisted of declamations and recitals. 
Sophomore exhibitions were revived in the spring of i868 for
the immediate benefit of the class of '70. Two of these affairs
were given, the first in March, the second in May. The speakers
were self-appointed. As was sagely remarked none but sophomores would volunteer for such a purpose. On the evening of
April 29, 1870, the last of this species of entertainment was given
by the class of '72. Possibly by preconcerted arrangement the
class of '73 was on hand to study the methods of its hated foe.
Much pleased by the speeches, which were inconceivably poor,
the '73 men were vigorous in applause and prodigal of testimonials,
the latter taking the form of grass bouquets. As the evening wore
away the flagging interest of the audience was aroused by the
descent of a rooster in a somewhat intricate curve from the gallery to the stage, where it lay at the feet of Acting-President
Frieze. This induction of poultry into the Methodist Church was
too much for the patience of the authorities. Four of the class
were suspended for six months, others for a longer period, but all
were restored in consideration of a pledge by the class that it
would refrain during the ensuing year from the usual disorderly




56


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


conduct of sophomores.       Perhaps the class thought that the giving of an exhibition would necessarily constitute a breach of its
agreement; at any rate no sophomore exhibition-of a literary
character-has occurred since that April night.     At '73's class-day
exercises what was claimed to be the rooster above mentioned was
produced, but the identity of the fowl was strenuously denied, it
being claimed by '72 that the janitor of the church had killed and
eaten the bird. Affidavits for and against were produced, and
much interest was aroused by the discussion.
Junior exhibitions were deeply rooted in the traditions of the
college, and many believed they would long survive their sophoomore and freshman analogues.       The speakers were elected by the
academic Faculty (for law or medical students had nothing to do
with these distinctly collegiate exercises), and were usually the
leading men of the class in scholarship and literary ability.
"Junior Exhibition", says The University Chronicle of Oct. 26,
1867, "is looked upon by the undergraduates as the most important event of the course, and its honors are coveted more than all
others, more, even, than class-day positions or Commencement
preferences; in fact it is the only thing in the nature of a prize
connected with the University." Under the system which went
into effect in 1867, an appointment to speak on Commencement
Day became a greater honor than one for Junior Ex.; but the latter continued to be regarded as very desirable, although some of
every class professed indifference.   These exhibitions were characterized by the publication of mock programmes, of which Professor Frieze once wrote:
" A 'mock programme' afforded large opportunity to those members of the
junior class who were not honored with an appointment to exercise their wit at the
expense of their more lucky classmates, and of any others, whether officers or students, whom they might wish to ridicule. Members of the Faculty, especially
such as had salient peculiarities, and sometimes the President, not infrequently
found themselves advertised in doggerel lines to take part in the performance,
while the exhibitors themselves were named and characterized in such a manner,
and their themes also designated with such absurd titles, that when the poor victims appeared on the stage, the audience being plentifully supplied with the
'mock programmes' as well as the genuine, could hardly escape their influence.
Many of the officers were indicated in these humorous documents by some nickname; even the venerable Dr. Williams was not spared. But beginning as they
did, in a spirit of harmless mirth, just like the practice of hazing, they inevitably
took on at last a more or less criminal character, not seldom outraging both morality and decency. For college life cannot avoid occasions of personal enmity, and
the college community most always contain at least some bad characters; and the
influence of both came naturally to show themselves in these anonymous programmes. Playful satire, if it becomes anonymous, soon becomes malicious satire.
Attacking in the dark, in sport, leads to stabbing in the dark. The mock pro



THE CLASSES


57


gramme, therefore, like all anonymous writings of a personal nature, tended to
breed in the authors of them an unmanly and dastardly spirit. Accordingly these
programmes at last became a public nuisance; and President Tappan and the
Faculty made every effort to suppress them. This was very difficult because of
the facility with which the printing of them could be secured in neighboring
towns, and of the ease with which they could be circulated in secret; but the temptation to make use of such a congenial instrument for venting malice and vileness
from time to time led some of the more reckless to repeat the offence, and it can
scarcely be said to have been abolished until the exhibitions themselves disappeared ".
Rascally as many of these programs are, they make up not the
most uninteresting part of the memorabilia Michiganiensia. The
one which had to deal with the exhibition of the class of '62 was
T h e University Bedbug", and it is said that a member of
that class aided in getting it out and received a suspension therefor.  Martin L. D'Ooge, now of the Faculty, was in junior year
connected with '62 (although he was matriculated with '6I), and
of him this was written in the B e db u g:
'-I and the Profs, (a pome)-Mighty little 'D'Ogan.
God save this junior sent
To teach us virtue's bent,
And when his say is out,
God save him, let him went.
"Music-'( Oh could we climb where D'Ooge stands.' (Sung by the Freshmen, en masse.) ".
The mock programme of the exhibition of '63 measures 14 x 6
inches and is printed in two columns upon one side only of the
sheet.  It is entitled "Great Moral Exhibition of the Junior Class
of Mich. University, Wednesday eve., March 26, 1862."           Levi
L. Barbour, recently Regent, and N. H. Winchell, afterwards of
the University of Minnesota, are subjected to discourteous verses;
and ten other speakers suffer.
The burlesque on the Junior Ex. of '64 took the form of a
long play-bill headed "Unparalled attraction! The Wild Beasts
of the Forest, or the Dogans of '64.     For one night only".     In
the bill of particulars which follows much liberty is taken with the
initials of the Christian names of the twelve victims; 0. F. Drury
becomes "Our Fool Drury", W. B. Hendryx is rendered "Woe
Begone Hendryx", and E. D. W. Kinne is translated "Endless
Drawling Windy Kinne ". After the speaking comes " Music ", viz.,
a "Dirge" in these lines:
"Now view the young as off the stage they pass,
And ask how Nature made so vile a class".
When '65 gave its public performance it was treated to a fourpage programme, the outer cover of which read: "Public Degra



58


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


dation of the Class of '65. To take place at the Athens of the West,
under the Direction of Mister ' Old Owl' and his Satanic Majesty.
Tuesday Evening, March 29, I864". Within is the "Order of
Exercises, showing the different stages of degradation"; this
begins with "Music-'Ain't you glad you come', By the Select
Twelve". Toward the close we are told " the Sigs and Alpha Delts
will appear in mourning because Bills and Williams were not
appointed to spout".
An altogether outrageous
eight-page pamphlet was re- e
quired to illustrate the defects wa  r
of the appointed juniors of '66. 
This was entitled ' Happy Moral 
Combination of Dirty Dilutions 
from a demoralized Squad of
the Class of '66; McIntyre's       COMMENCEMENT,
Presbyterian Ranch, Ann Arbor,
Mich., March 28, I865". The                   o 
class of '67 was gratified by an
alleged account of its prospective exercises the title of which    *W9 ABata
covered half a page, and read:
"Declamation and Composition
by some of the Younger Members of Mr. Rast Haven's School
for Boys at the Parthenon,            DYEVILUO-.
Athens, March 27, i866". An   _"
exceptionally vicious attack was
COMMENCEMENT PROGRAMME, 1845.
made upon '68's Exhibition.
Tradition has it that the assault upon the Class of '69 by sophomores of '70 was so phenomenally atrocious that energetic efforts
were made to discover the offenders, who, being found out, were
expelled, thus more than decimating the class, and putting an end
to the business of issuing mock programmes.
As the classes grew larger the difficulty, always great, of
pleasing everybody with the annual list of speakers, increased.
The problem became more intricate when public opinion compelled the cutting down the number of appointees. The marking
system in vogue at all other important colleges had never been
used by us, so that there was no actual written evidence of
superiority in scholarship or literary merit. Consequently the




THE CLASSES


59


reasons for a particular appointment were matters of opinion, and
in a country where every one's opinion is as good as every other's,
that test is apt to be unsatisfactory.  For several years there was
much quiet discontent; but '70, '71,
ORDER OF EXERCISES,      and '72 managed to hold their Exhibitions in peace.  When the elec_ _bo~~w*~     tions for this important honor were
made in '73, a class in which the
a:e 0a. o          delegations of the   leading  secret
i. Sacred Music      societies were at swords' points, it. Prayer.            happened that the smallest delegaaaory Address. DMUND FA, Bi  tion had the most appointments, and
4. Romance.                 that certain worthy members of the
EDwIN LAWmBNcB, Monroe.
5. The Power and Province of Rational Philosophy, other delegations were passed by.
JUDS D. CoLn, Lyndon. Some also of the non-society men
6. Music.
7. The Ideal.               felt slighted.  No doubt there was
To.. A.. s B..G. Cuo, GrdR. ground  for criticism, yet when,
8, Intellectual Sovereicnly.


MERCHANTr H. GOODICB, AmAiwor.
9. Perfection of Philosophy.
P. W. H. RAWLS, Klamazoo.
10. Music,
11. Claims of Agriculture on Science.
GEO. W. PLYA, Spwerw.


months afterwards, the names of
the appointing committee transpired,
the charge of intentional unfairness
became ridiculous.  But the appointees themselves cared so little
about the matter that they offered
their resignations, which were accepted.  In accordance with the
policy, adopted some years before,
of giving up any custom which
developed friction, Junior Exhibition
was then and there discontinued.
Another kind of class exhibition
was given on the Commencement
stage from I845 to 1878. The first
Commencement of the University


12. Lamech-A Fragment.
J. D. COLLINS, LyndEn.
Lambert,.. D. Collins.
Jarah,           C. A. Clark.
C   ctrers,  Naphel,          P. W. H. Rawts.
Sons of Lamech,  T B. Cning,
E. Lawrence.
13. The Hire of Intellect.
EDMUND FrSH, Bloomfield.
14. Music.
1& Greek Poem.
THOS. B. CUMING, Grand Rapids.
16. The proper direction of Intellectual Effort.
GEO. E. PARMELEE, Ann Arbor.
17. Physics and Metaphysics-Their Laws equally
determinable.      JOHN MACKAY, Calais, Me.
18. Music.
19. Poem. The Nazarine.
P. W. H. RAWLS, Kalamazoo.
20. Connection between Faith and Knowledge.
CHAS. A. CLARK, Moroe.
21. Influence of the Crusades.
FLETCHER 0. MARSH, Kalamazoo
22. Music.
23. Degrees conferred.
24. Address to the Class.
25. Prayer.


took place in the Presbyterian Church-not the present structure-on the sixth day of August, I845.    Professor Williams
presided, and eleven students were graduated Bachelors of




6o


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Arts. Every member of the class delivered an oration, and two
of them read poems in addition to their oratorical efforts. The
nature of the rest of the exercises can be made out from the facsimiles herewith presented of the first three pages of the programme, which was a four-page affair, five inches in width and
nearly eight inches in height, having the fourth page blank.
Professor TenBrook made the closing address to the class. In
the evening Mesdames Denton, Hawkins, and Page gave an entertainment in honor of the graduating class.
Not until the Commencement of '74 was the University able
to hold the closing exercises of the college year under its own
roof. Prior to the completion of University Hall recourse was
had to the city churches, and, sometimes, to the hall of the Union
School building.  The Methodist Church was used from  1870
to 1873.
In early times each member of the graduating class in the
literary department spoke on the Commencement stage. This
necessitated in 1854 a morning and an afternoon session. When
the large class of '6i was departing all of its members were
required to write orations, and twenty-five speakers were chosen
by lot. Beginning with '67 there was but one session on Commencement Day, and a comparatively small number of speakers
was selected from the class by the faculty. Thereafter a Commencement appointment became the highest honor in college, and
the desire to obtain one undoubtedly led to harder work on
the part of the leading third of each class. From '67 to '77, both
inclusive, 134 appointments were made, the proportion of appointments to graduates being about one in six. As was the case with
Junior Exhibition, the selections made by the Faculty were not
always exempt from criticism, yet on the whole they were fairly
representative of the ability of the students as shown by their
four years' records. The authorities gave '70 the option of making
its own appointees, but after several meetings that wise class
decided to let the speakers be chosen as before. In 1873-74 The
Chronicle urged that 'the standard of excellence to be
attained, and the regulations of award, be fixed for this, our only
college honor". After '75 had reached its senior year it asked
that Commencement speaking be abolished; but the Faculty denied
the request, and, perplexed by the great size and abnormal merits
of the class, adopted the unprecedented plan of selecting twenty
men by vote, and then of drawing by lot ten speakers from the




THE CLASSES


twenty.   As the names of the ten not drawn were not made public,
every member of the class could flatter himself that he was one of
the twenty even if his name did not appear among the ten; and
it was jocosely reported that at least thirty men were individually
and privately informed by members of the Faculty that they were
among the worthy but unfortunate ten whose names were lost in
the official lottery.  No subterfuge of the kind was resorted to in
'76 or '77, but with the departure of the latter class student speaking at Commencement ceased, and the plan of inviting some distinguished person to deliver a formal "Commencement Address"
was inaugurated. Many alumni think that the Commencement
exercises have lost somewhat in personal interest because of the
radical change which was introduced twenty years ago. Following
is the list of the Commencement appointees from '67 to '77, the
men whose names are italicised having been excused from speaking:
'67 William M. Brown,             '69 T. O. Perry,
George E. Church,               " If. G. Snozer,
Isaac N. Elwood,                 " O. S. Vreeland,
"William J. English,             " A. E. Wilkinson,
"Henry N. French,               '70 Marcus Baker,
George S. Hastings,             " Charles Ballenger,
" Edward E. Kane,                 " Wooster W. Beman,
Dwight N. Lowell,               " Oscar J. Campbell,
George L. Maris,                " George T. Campau,
"Isaac N. Otis,                   " Thomas C. Christy,
"Artemas Richards,               " Edwin Fleming,
" Edward W. Wetmore,              " Washington Hyde,
'68 William K. Anderson,           " John S. A2altman,
" Wickliffe W. Belville,           " William L. Penfield,
"Francis A. Blackburn,           " Vincent S. Lovell,
" Daniel W. Crouse,               " Walter B. Stevens,
Isaac N. Demmon,                " Burrie L. Swift,
"John C. Freeman,               '71 Charles E. Gorton,
" Mark W. Harrington,              " Preston C. Hudson,
George S. Hickey,               " Richard Hudson, Jr.,
Roselle N. Jenne,               " Harry B. Hutchins,
Edward C. Lovell,               " EarZlKnight,
" Albert H. Pattengill,           " Edward L. Mark,
Galusha Pennell,                ' Joseph A. leercer,
" Edward L. Walter,               " Rufus E. Phinney,
'69 W. J. Cocker,                  " Edward B. Sumner,
" W. J. Darby,                    " Robert M. Wright,
"F. S. I)ewey,                  '72 Charles G. Bennett,
"F. A. Dudgeon,                  " Archer H. Brown,
J. M. Gelston,                   " Walter A. Brooks,
W. J. Gibson,                   " Henry F. Burton,
" F. M. Hamilton,                 " Horatio N. Chute,
' W. C. Johns,                     " Will J. Herdman,
"M. B. Kellogg,                  " Lester McLean,
T..  Kerr,                     " Herbert Maguire,
Henry Lamm,                    " Barton Smith,
" Charles E. Otis,                 " Madelon L. Stockwell,




62


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'72 Charles K. Turner,            '75 Olive S. L. Anderson,
" William T. Underwood,           " James M. Barrett,
'73 Sidney C. Eastman,             " Lorenzo Davis, Jr.,
" Henry W. Gelston,               " Bronson C. Keeler,
" Robert S. Gross,                " Jerome C. Knowlton,
" Albert P. Jacobs,               " Andrew J. McGowan,
" Charles B. Keeler,              " James B. McMahon,
" Loyal E. Knappen,               " Leslie C. McPherson,
Sherwtood R. Peabody,            " Jonathan W. Parker,
" Marshall K. Ross,               " John S. Stoddart,
" Volney M. Spalding,            '76 Charles A. Blair,
"   rnest 7: Tapipey,             " Clarence S. Brown,
" Charles M. VanCleve,            " Henry M. Campbell,
" William B. Williams,            " Annie W. Ekin,
" Charles L. Wilson,              " Alice E. Freeman,
'74 Frank A. Carle,                " James K. Ilsley,
" Lyman I). Follett,              " ioward B. Smith,
" Emma M. Hall,                   " Orlaf Varlo,
" Sarah D. Hamlin,                ' Bryant Walker,
" Frank C. Hayman,                ( Willis S. Walker,
"George H. Jameson,             '77 George S. Bishop,
" Theodore H. Johnston,           " Granville W. Browning,
" Chester T. Lane,                " George C. Comstock,
" Don A. Matthews,                " John S. Crombie,
" Lawrence Maxwell, Jr.,          " Frank C. Ferguson,
" Charles H. May,                 " Ferris S. Fitch, Jr.,
Henry R. Pattengill,            " William J. Gray,
" Henry W. Rogers,                " Lawrence C. Hull,
" Mary D. Sheldon,                " Mary 0. Marston,
" Calvin Thomas,                  " George N. Orcutt.
Class Day, the most distinctive function of a college class as
such, seems to have had its origin in the " Class Day Exercises "
held by '62 in its junior year on the evening of March I9, i86i,
in the Congregational Church.      The entertainment consisted of
an address by the President, Albert J. Chapman, a poem by M. L.
D'Ooge, a "chronicle" by J. H. Goodsell, an oration by Albert
Nye, and a prophecy by J. E. Colby. Class Day proper, however, is supposed to refer particularly to the senior class; and the
first celebration of this kind whereof we have record was held by
'61 on the Monday before Commencement, when an oration and a
poem were publicly delivered in the afternoon, a history and a
prophecy being presented at the class supper at Hangsterfer's in
the evening. The observance of Class Day by '63 and '64 was
very informal, the latter class being satisfied with the formation of
a tumulus near the north college from such materials as text-books
and geological specimen>; but the class of '65 had a very formal
celebration on the last day of May, the beginning of senior vacation.  The exercises were held in the Presbyterian Church.      Professor Boise "presented " the class in a Greek speech, to which
President Haven replied in Latin.     It is said that of the other




THE CLASSES


63


exercises the class poem by Gabriel Campbell was particularly
worthy of mention.  Every subsequent class, with one exception,
has carefully celebrated its " Day ", the date chosen being, at first,
the opening of the senior vacation.  When that vacation was
abolished, Monday before Commencement was preempted by the
graduating class, but when Commencement was moved from
Wednesday to Thursday, Tuesday was selected for these exercises.
The class of '66 was presented by Professor Frieze, who spoke in
Latin, as did also President Haven.
Professor Winchell delivered the pre-          p
sentation address for '67. Owing to       \\'
the absence of President Haven the
class of '68 was not presented, but   s,
otherwise the customary exercises took 
place. When the turn of '69 came the
presentation was by Professor Evans.                 i
That class, like its predecessors, gave.1['
its presentation exercises, its oration, 
and its poem in the forenoon in one
of the city churches, but unlike earlier
classes it planned to hold its afternoon
exercises in the open air. However 
there was rain, and the class history and
prophecy were read in the law-lecture room. Later in the day the
class planted a white elm in front of south college, near by its previously-placed memorial, "calico rock ". Professor Olney made
the presentation speech for the class of '70, and his address was the
last of its kind, for when '7 I was to be graduated an unpopular professor stood next in the line, and the class would have none of him,
nor would any other member of the Faculty so violate inter-professorial courtesy as to accept an invitation over his head. Thus a very
interesting custom perished. The class of '70 held afternoon exercises on the campus, an unique feature of the occasion being the
presentation, in an address by George T. Campau, of the class
memorial, a statue of Benjamin Franklin. This class also added
to the usual exercises the presentation to the homeliest of its number by the next homeliest of a leather medal. Prizes were given
by '71 on its Class Day to the best (?) ponyist, the best (?) penman, the best (?) whiskered man, the best (?) orator, and the
biggest eater. The class of '72 gave as "Rewards of Merit" a
"Mean Time Chronometer to "The Coming Man", and a copy




64


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


of the treatise "What I know about Farming" to the Representative of the Farmers' club (an association organized for the purpose
of inspecting corn juice and malt fluids). Presentations also figured in the Class Day exercises of '77.
At first not much attention was paid to the history read on
Class Day, but gradually the historian learned the art of detailing
therein exploits which never had been performed, or which had
been performed on a scale much humbler than the narrative disclosed. Often also members of the Faculty were insulted. Twice
or thrice, particularly in 1871, the authorities manifested a wish to
revise the class history before the reading thereof; but this was
strenuously resisted. Finally action was taken, and in February,
1878, the Faculty adopted a resolution providing that if any member of a graduating class should thereafter upon Class Day indulge
in words or acts regarded by the Faculty as disrespectful to any
officer of the University, or deemed of a nature to encourage misdemeanors in other students and to interfere with the good government of the institution, the name of such offender should not be
presented for graduation. This decree brought grief to the heart
of the historian of '78, for it took away his vocation. If one
could not indulge in boastful recitals, if one could not "get even"
with professors and instructors who had made college life a bore,
why should one set up the pins for election as historian?  Efforts
were made to do away with Class Day, but other counsels prevailed.
In consequence of the indignation of many members of the class
against certain class officers who, chosen as "Independents" had
joined in forming a new society and had refused to resign, there
was no celebration by the class of '80, and consequently there was
no oration, history, poem, or prophecy.
In the professional departments, with the exception of the
law school, Class Day is not so formal an affair as in the college
proper.  Formerly the celebration took place in March; but
beginning in 1885 June has been the favored month. Of course,
the exercises of each department are distinct from those of the
other schools.
Nearly all of the important social functions among the students have originated with and have been conducted under the
auspices of some one of the academic classes. To '68 belongs
the honor of having introduced the Senior Hop.  "Friday evening, Nov. 29, 1867", says a college paper of the time, "forty
ladies and an equal number of gentlemen assembled by invita



THE CLASSES


65


tion of the Senior class at the Gregory House to trip the light
fantastic toe. We congratulate '68 on their (its) success, and
we hope that many seniors may be found in coming years to continue the custom thus happily inaugurated ". It should be said
here that the Gregory House so often named in accounts of social
affairs of the sixties and seventies was a hotel long since discontinued but occupying the large brick block at the northwest corner
of Main and Huron streets. In speaking of the Hop given by
the class of '70, at which twenty-eight couples were present, The
Chronicle of November 20, I869, speaks of the Senior Hop
"as one of the established customs of college life" and declares
that the success of the class of '70 "should put to flight all scepticism in the matter". A similar party was given by the class of
'71 in December, 1870, but for some reason '72 failed to follow
suit, and the custom fell through.
The Junior Promenade Concert given by the class of '73 on
the evening of the ninth of February, 1872, was the first of the
long series of entertainments given by the junior class or by the
secret-fraternity men in that class. We are told by the college
paper that '73's effort "was a great success", and the same periodical records the gradual development of this function.  "The
invitations of '73, '74, and '75 had not", says The Chronicle,
" the least bit of engraving" (by which was meant illustration, for
all the invitations were printed from steel plates), "though each
was an improvement on its predecessor". With '76 the place of
giving the "Junior Hop" was changed from the hotel to the
Armory, and various improvements were introduced.   "Sixty
couples" we are told, "attended, including many guests from
Toledo, Detroit, East Saginaw, and other cities ". By '77 and '78
the Junior Hop was brought up to the standard of similar entertainments given by Eastern colleges. When given by '79 this
affair was officially styled "Promenade Concert", and the invitations contained illustrations of the college buildings. As the time
for the class of '8i to begin preparing for its Junior Hop drew
near, a spirit of opposition to the continuance of the function was
disclosed; and just before the Thanksgiving recess the class by a
large majority voted to abolish the entertainment. In strictness
the Hop never had been a class affair, and never could be made
such. Nominally carried on under class auspices it never happened that a majority of its participants was drawn from the class.
As The C h ro n i c le of December 6, 1879, said "The class has the;




66


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


privilege of taxing themselves (itself) so much each to pay for the
invitations, of fretting around a month to make every arrangement
complete, and, perhaps, of finally making up a deficit in the finances.... As a general thing, probably, not one out of five
of the juniors will be found on the floor".
It was however felt that the Junior Hop should continue;
and the secret societies-which from the first had really managed
the entertainment,-now came forward
to sustain it when abandoned by the
juniors as a class  Saturday, Decem)6 ^    ^*P         ber I3, delegations from  Chi Psi,
_j     _,    ~~Alpha Delta Phi, Delta Kappa Epsilon,
Sigma Phi, Zeta Psi, and Psi Upsilon
met to discuss the advisability of giving
a Junior Hop under the auspices of
the secret fraternities. It was determined to invite the remaining societies
(Beta Theta Pi and Phi Kappa Psi) to
join, and after adopting several resolutions the meeting adjourned until Saturday, December 15, when a permanent organization was effected.
For many years the eight societies named above, and Delta Tau
Delta, (admitted to the league in 1883), conducted the annual
ball which had become so strongly entrenched in student esteem.
The first Junior Hop officially conducted by the secret
fraternities was given at Hangsterfer's on the evening of January
30, i88o. Engraved invitations illustrated with several misprints
had been sent into many peaceful homes in the chief cities of
Michigan and of the neighboring states, and were very generally
accepted. As for the Hop itself "it was a brilliant affair, and
reflected credit upon the ambitious juniors. The hall was handsomely decorated with festoons of evergreens, spreading from the
chandeliers to the sides of the hall, and with a liberal display of
bunting looped up in graceful folds.  The monograms of the
societies which united in giving the entertainment were displayed
upon the walls, and added materially to the generally good effect
of the decorations". Another Hop was given under fraternity
management in i88I, and a third in 1882. In 1882-83 Alpha
Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, and Phi Kappa Psi, owing to alleged
unfairness in the distribution of the committeeships, and influenced
no doubt by the animosities which had arisen in the recent elec



THE CLASSES


67


tions of T h e C h r o n i c 1 e and the Students' Lecture Association,
withdrew from the Junior Hop, and that entertainment was given
by only five societies, February 3, 1883. Efforts were made in
November, 1883, to reconcile the warring factions, and there was
a full attendance of delegates from the eight fraternities, together
with a representative from Delta Tau Delta seeking admission into
the league. Then the Hop committee was organized by the election of a chairman and secretary from the element which had given
the last preceding ball, and an adjournment was taken.  An
unfavorable distribution of the sub-committee honors being foreshadowed, Psi Upsilon at the next meeting of the committee
announced its withdrawal, alleging, says The Chronicle, "its
superior advantages for giving privace parties, and a lack of interest on the part of its members". At the following meeting the
resignation was accepted, and Delta Tau Delta was admitted to
representation. Then Alpha Delta Phi and Phi Kappa Psi withdrew, the latter giving no reasons, the former expressing itself
dissatisfied with the appointments which in the meantime had been
made by the chairman. Influenced by the action of the three
dissentients Delta Tau Delta soon withdrew, leaving five societies
to conduct the festivities. But owing to the deaths of two members and the serious illness of a third member of the fraternity
party which was supporting the Hop, the entertainment was
omitted for that year. An amicable agreement was effected before
another year passed; and on the evening of February 19, 1885,
the Junior or Society Hop was given in the skating rink, nine
fraternities participating, and  everybody being happy.  This
peaceful state of affairs continued for several years, the annual
Hop all the time gaining in importance. In I888-89 a disagreement arose over the committees, the fraternities which had founded
The Argonaut demanding a reapportionment of the honors, and
in lieu thereof that the tax should be changed from one per capita
to a fixed amount to be paid by each fraternity irrespective of the
number of its members. Of course the latter method of taxation
is the only just one where each society has one vote and only one
vote. At the next meeting of the committee the tax proposition
was withdrawn, and the first demand was renewed. This being
refused, Alpha Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, Chi Psi, and Phi Kappa
Psi withdrew. However a compromise was effected, and the Hop
took place as usual. By a system which assured to each of the
constituent members of the society trust proper recognition, affairs




68


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


were for several years successfully and harmoniously conducted.
But opposition to the management by nine fraternities of what was
in name at least a class function gradually increased among the
independents, and especially among the members af the excluded
Greek-letter orders. To the latter-the men of Delta Upsilon,
Phi Gamma Delta, Phi Delta Theta, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, and
Theta Delta Chi, the unrelenting attitude of the older fraternities
was as gall and worm-wood. With the completion of the Waterman Gymnasium, in which building the Junior Hop was held as
early as 1893, this annual festival became so important that the
non-participating organizations determined at all hazards to gain
admission. From the stronger members of the nine the opposition
to increasing the number of the elect was somewhat perfunctory,
and it was quietly said in the principal chapter houses that two
or three of the outside groups were stronger at Ann Arbor and
elsewhere than some of the elect; but the weaker societies, realizing the value of the inside seats, obstinately refused to enlarge the
train.  In I894-95 President Angell so far yielded to the importunities of the aggrieved orders and to the neutrals whom the
latter influenced, that he declined to grant the use of the Gymnasium to the nine fraternities, the ground of refusal being that the
organization had not the sanction of the junior class or a majority
thereof. This recognition of an officially obsolete class system
was not cheerfully acquiesced in by the nine societies, all the
members of which united at least outwardly in resisting dictation.
They gave up the old name Junior Hop, and adopted for the festivities of 1895 the title "Nineteenth Annual Ball". Why that
particular ordinal should have been selected it is hard to say, since
the Junior class balls, by whatever name called, began in 1872,
while those conducted under the auspices of the fraternities began
in I880. But other than numerical calculations interested the members of the old combination. Their enemies sought to prevent them
from obtaining the Gymnsium, and it was only after much discussion that the Regents adopted a resolution authorizing the President and the Secretary to allow the use of the building "to any
properly organized body of students at a rental of $ioo a night".
At the "Nineteenth Annual", so.called, given February 15, I895,
the nine fraternities appeared in full regalia, reinforced by the two
dental societies, one of the law societies, and a group of independents, the nine however being the sole managers.   Two
hundred and fifty couples were present. So successful was the




THE CLASSES


69


affair that another like it was planned for I896. Accordingly,
under the resolution of the Regents, the Gymnasium was leased
for the appointed night, and the rent-money was duly paid; but
the opposition, not discouraged by this vested interest, appeared
before the Regents and begged them not to allow the use of the
building to so proscriptive a body as the nine. They contended
that the Annual Ball should not take place in the gymnasium
unless it were made a genuine University affair in which there
should be no discrimination against any society or body of students; and they showed that although they had been admitted to
the floor on payment of a fixed fee they were there snubbed and
discriminated against, and were not allowed to put up booths or
insignia. In the appeals made to the Regents the sad state of the
outside societies was movingly portrayed, while the undemocratic
and unfeeling attitude of their oppressors was scathingly condemned. In truth the Regents cared for none of these things;
they knew they were legally bound to carry out their lease; but an
appeal unto the people had been threatened, and it was feared that
appropriations would be withheld. After attempts to effect a compromise between the warring factions had failed, the Regents by a
divided vote rescinded their lease, and
adopted a resolution which excluded
the illiberal nine unless the latter should  ll A 
reform. Undaunted by this rebuff the
coalition took back the money it had       l
paid in advance for the Gymnasium, 
and all of its constituent fraternities  l
save Delta Kappa Epsilon went to 
Toledo for the "Twentieth Annual". 
On the other hand the academic fra-  NTE   SAUTPERRC
ternities-now reduced to four by the
demise of Phi Gamma Delta-which had so long been kept in the
anteroom, gave a hop of their own in the Gymnasium. Each of
these entertainments was successful if the reports of its partisans
are to be accepted.
From what has been said it is plain that the nine fraternities
were not broadly liberal in their treatment of younger rivals; nor
can the action of the latter in persistently forcing themselves upon
those who did not want their company, be approved. After the
nine had surrendered the old name they were strictly within their
rights, although it is of course true that rights are not always to
6




70


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


be insisted upon. Toward the close of I896 a settlement was
effected. All the academic societies and the independents are
allowed representation on the committee for the Annual Ball, the
general chairmanship going to the fraternities in order of establishment; while the other places on the committee are chosen by
lot. This arrangement having been made, all hands united in
labor for the Hop of 1897, which occurred on the evening of February nineteenth. Whatever may be said about the present plan
it has the advantage of conducing to harmony.
Senior Reception, a social event hardly second in importance
to the Junior Hop, was, like the latter, inaugurated by the class
of '73. The invitations issued by that class were printed from a
steel plate the chief feature of the design being a monogram of
the letters "U" and "M ", with the class numerals in the centre.
A committee appointed by the class president, and consisting of
A. G. Bishop, S. T. Douglas, J. R. Goff, R. D. Harrison, V. M.
Spalding, F. H. Walker, and W. B. Williams-one member of
each of the five secret societies in the class, and two neutralsmanaged this very successful affair, which was given in University
Hall on the evening of May 27, 1873, the night before Class-Day.
Room A, then used by Professor Cocker, was set aside for dancing, and the entire lower floor was thrown open to the guests.
Similar receptions were given by '74, '75, and '76. In 1877 the
Methodist Conference adopted a resolution protesting against the
use of the college buildings for dancing, and the Board of Regents
deemed it wise to forbid such use; so the class of '77 put up on
the north side of the campus near the present homceopathic college a pavilion in which the afternoon exercises of Class Day,
and also the Senior Reception-with abundant dancing-were held.
In 1878 and for some years thereafter a pavilion for the use of
dancers was erected close to the east entrance to University Hall,
and the latter was open to the guests.  The Regents in 1882
rescinded their decree against dancing in Room A. By the class
of '84 it was resolved not to give a reception with dancing, and as
this was the action of a majority of the class, a petition from
members to be allowed the use of the halls and grounds of the
college for the purposes of a reception was refused by President
Angell, he conceiving that he had no right to grant such a privilege to any but the class in its entirety. Consequently the Senior
Reception that year was given by those seniors who favored dancing. The invitations were to the St. James Hotel, and later to the




THE CLASSES


7i


skating rink. Since the completion of the Gymnasium the Senior
Reception has been held in that building, on the Tuesday evening
before Commencement.
In I886, on the evening of the sixth of November, a "fraternity
sophomore hop" was given, and several events of like character
have occurred since. At present the sophomore hop is not restricted to members of the societies.
Strictly a class custom was the burning or hanging of Mechanics, Physics, or Mathematics, which certainly began as early as
i860, and which, with variations and interruptions, lasted until
i88i. The class of '6I burned Mechanics on the night of February 6, i860; but '64 put its enemy to death in another way, as
appears from the elaborate four-page programme of the obsequies,
entitled " Severance of the Mechanical Jugular by the Class of '64.
' Fiat justitia ruat coelum ' University of Michigan ". That programme contains a " Dirge ", an "Opening Hymn", a "Paean of
Victory ", a "Closing Ode", a "Grand Finale!! The Corpus
abducted by the Prince of Medicks ", and a " Doxology by the
Class ". The programme emitted by '65 is entitled:  "Suspension of the Physical Corpus! by the Class of '65 ", and the one
which '66 published had on the first page these words: " Corpuscularian Separation of the Mechanical Body of Physics, Through
the Instrumentality of Spontaneous Combustion, by the class of
'66". Many unique ceremonies accompanied the burning or
hanging.  Professor Williams, popularly called "Punky", was
much averse to the custom, and in 1865 he told the boys they'd
"better not do that any more", but '67 burned Physics just the
same in I866, "the examination of witnesses being postponed until
after execution, as there is no doubt of the culprit's guilt ". Toward
the close of Dr. Williams's labors there was little to rejoice at in
the finishing of the study of Mechanics, for no one pretended to
study the subject; and so the annual burning was dispensed with.
But when the class of '73 reached its junior year a new man stood
in "Punky's" shoes, and the men who had planned to take their
ease remained to work. Consequently the old custom was revived,
and the ashes of Ganot's treatise were dispersed to the four winds
in the most approved manner. By '74 also the custom   was
observed. The class of '75 gave an entertainment at Hangsterfer's
in which Physics, in its most ludicrous aspects, was portrayed.
There was no burning or other ceremony by '76, but the custom
cannot be said to have become obsolete until after i88i. The




72


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


programmes of the executions are an interesting and a very rare
part of the memorabilia of student life at Ann Arbor.


PROGRAM M E.
IGNOtMITI US EXECUTION
PHYSICA MECHANICA,


In accordance with a judgment rendered by a Military Commissaon, authorized by President
OCMabony, under a special suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus.


CONDUCTED BY THE CLASS OF '67.


*'A4A  I to ble phlysickied and 1blistered 1by this vilo orevi e t"


FEBRUARY 10. 1866
UN TIVER-SITAS MICHIGAENENSLU3.


" Hazing " at Michigan as elsewhere is one of the outgrowths
of class feeling. Half a century ago there was little of it, although
we are told that occasionally a precocious freshman received by




THE CLASSES


73


way of admonition a nocturnal application of cold water. With
the rapid increase in the number of students which marked the
third decade of the University, class spirit waxed fiercer, and
sophomoric attentions to freshmen became more varied and more
frequent. Three or four years after the close of the Civil War an
old soldier, having entered the freshman class, was waited upon
by a committee of sophomores who informed him that he was to be
" smoked out ". He treated his uninvited guests with great politeness, and after closing all the windows seated himself upon the
floor. The sophomores smoked, and he smoked. Some of them
began to feel the joke had gone far enough, but he thought otherwise. Finally they left, making, as he related, a very disorderly
retreat. Not long afterwards another freshman, learning that the
tormentors were upon him, stood armed with a full grown baseball
bat, behind his door. As the foremost sophomore entered he was
received with so tremendous a whack that his comrades withdrew
to effect upon him the needed repairs. This failure to appreciate
the humor of a college joke was severely criticised by all the
sophomores.
Before the building of University Hall four hundred students
of the literary department were crowded into the same halls and
recitation rooms which preceding classes aggregating fewer than
two hundred had filled. Here were occasions and opportunities
for class rushes which could not fail to be improved. If sophomores going down stairs were jostled by freshmen going up, a
"rush" ensued.   Early in October, 1867, there was a spirited
fight between '70 and '7I, in which a freshman fiercely laid low a
professor who was trying to quell the tumult. The novus homo
remarked "that feller thought he could send me to grass, but he
can't do it; I can down him every time ". After this a goodnatured test of strength and weight took place every year between
the newly-fledged sophomores and the entering class. For some
time the Faculty interposed no objection to this annual contest.
On the other hand, disorder in chapel was regarded as a high
breach of discipline; and when the sophomores of '72 in their
anxiety to demolish their enemies of '73 hurled at them as they
were taking their seats apples and other missiles, the former were
compelled by a per capita assessment to pay for the damage inflicted upon the walls, windows, and pictures of the chapel. The
annual struggle between the classes soon took the form of a football contest in which the organization and discipline of the sopho



74


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


mores were usually more than a match for the greater numbers of
the freshmen. Long after the Rugby rules had been introduced
at Ann Arbor the old and simple style of football prevailed
so far as this particular game was concerned. All that was necessary was to kick two out of three goals, and as many men as
possible were mustered on each side. Of course the game often
degenerated into a rush; and it was usually followed-or preceded-by boxing and wrestling. T h e C h r o n i c 1 e of October 6,
I888, suggested doing away with the annual
y S^  ~ football rush, but this was not heeded.  In
^^^j^ ^ athe great contest between '92 and '93, when
II 7 sophomores captained by Van Inwagen
met 163 freshmen commanded by Dygert,
one of the freshmen had a rib smashed;
and this led to the declaration by The U.
o f M. D a i y that the University had finally
outgrown this antiquated sport.  No more
conflicts of the kind have occurred; but in the autumn of I886
some old-time "rushing" occurred, two freshmen were suspended,
and a petition for their reinstatement was denied.
It has been related that the class of '73, in order to secure the
return to college of some of its malefactors, was obliged to pledge
itself to proper behavior. Accordingly chapel exercises for the
first time in years were quiet and orderly at the opening of college
in September, 1870.  But '73 construed its pledge as requiring the
class to maintain good order; and learning that some of the members of '74 were engaged in serenading with horns an objectionable
tutor, a select band of sophomores showed the freshmen the error of
their ways by "pumping" them, that is, treating their heads to a
cold-water bath. This started the ball, and "pumping" thenceforth and for some time was a collegiate exercise much in vogue.
One evening in October, 1872, occurred a lively pumping
contest and a moonlight rush between '75 and '76. The former
conceived itself to be victorious, and one of its members prepared
a neat banner out of the trousers of one of the enemy. Another
member attempted to take this ensign into chapel, but one of the
professors interfered, and the young man was suspended for one
year. All attempts to secure the reinstatement of their classmate
proving ineffectual, the men of '75 remained irreconcilable during
the rest of their college life.
In the spring of 1874 "hazing" had become so common a




THE CLASSES


75


species of amusement,that the Faculty determined to put an end
to it. Accordingly three members of '76 and three of '77 were
suspended for the rest of the college year. This occasioned great
indignation, the condemned and their classmates complaining of
lack of warning; and papers were drawn up in which the signersthirty-nine sophomores and forty-five freshmen-declared themselves equally guilty with the six. Before doing this a procession
of 150 students from both classes, headed by an omnibus containing the suspended men passed through the streets of an afternoon,
stopping before the houses of various professors, cheering those
supposed to be favorable, and giving groans to those regarded as
hostile to their cause.  They also followed one or two professors
through the streets, howling and hissing at them. Two days later
at a union meeting of the two classes a committee was by unanimous vote instructed to present an apology for the insults offered
to the professors, but by a heavy vote the papers were allowed to
remain. The Faculty waited one week before taking official action
upon the papers; and in the meantime it was intimated that the
signatures might 'be withdrawn.  Several names were withdrawn.
At its next meeting the Faculty suspended for the rest of the college year the eighty-one students whose names remained.  Soon
after a committee from the upper classes issued a circular sustaining the sophomores and freshmen, and stating in these words the
nature of hazing:
"As practiced in the University of Michigan hazing is simply an athletic
contest between the sophomore and freshman classes, and, like other athletic sports,
is participated in with the best of mutual good-feeling. Only hazers are hazed.
A principle of hazing here is that those who refrain from it are not molested."
Among the signers of this letter, which was addressed to the
friends of the University throughout the State, were Lawrence
Maxwell, Jr., recently Solicitor-General of the United States, and
Calvin Thomas now of the Faculty of Columbia University.
Kidnapping the toastmaster of the freshmen on the eve of
the class supper came into fashion between i880 and I890. In
May, I890, the sophomores took the "magister bibendi" of '93
to the little village of Mooreville twelve miles from Ann Arbor.
He was rescued by his comrades, and five sophomores were suspended from   college for their villainy.  As late as 1895 the
abduction and mild mistreatment of freshmen by sophomores led
to the suspension of the latter.  So severe have been the preventive influences of athletic sports and of the gymnasium, that hazing




76


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


is now almost a lost art. While it lived it gave rise to much harmless fun, but when it died it was not to be regretted.
When the exterior of University Hall was finished certain
members of '73 were troubled-as many other students have been
since-by the plain and bald appearance of the structure.  One
evening nine men of the class climbed at dead of night to the top
of the dome and nailed to the newly-erected flag-staff a banner
twenty feet long upon which appeared an immense rooster, and, in
large letters, the words " Junior Brigands ". Toward the close of
the course a deputation from the same class put a Modoc squaw
theretofore used as a tobacco sign, on the pedestal surmounting
the dome, just where it was hoped the generosity of some benefactor would place a statue of Michigan. To the wooden Indian
they tied four roosters, which crowed unceasingly from the middle
of the night until morning, when the janitor gave to them their
liberty and to her owners the Indian.
One of the rules of the University punishes concerted absence
from any appointed duty by a class. This regulation was suddenly
called to the attention of members of '73 and '74, who, on Tuesday, May 23, 187, had "bolted" their recitations for the purpose
of attending the circus. Forty-seven of the sixty-one victims were
sophomores, nearly all being members of the Greek section. Their
instructor, Acting-Professor Jones, had promised to give them a
holiday, but for some reason had refused to give this particular
day. He found in his class-room only two students-those two
having failed to receive notice of the proposed "bolt "-but the
recitation, one in the most difficult part of the Antigone, went on
just the same. All the "bolters " were suspended from college
until September. The college paper pronounced the punishment
too sudden and sweeping. However, "concerted absences" have
been rare since the experience of '73; and the members of that
turbulent class never think of a circus without recalling their
"bolt " and its penalty.
Every class, holds, or is expected to hold, a reunion at Ann
Arbor three years after it has left college. Sometimes classmates
meet at Ann Arbor or Detroit in the year following their graduation. The second formal reunion generally takes place six years
after the departure of the class from college. Another assembly
is formed ten years after graduation, and at the close of everylater
decade. Reunions after fifteen years are not infrequent. The
class of '70 has been particularly successful in its gatherings,




THE CLASSES


77


which have been conducted with a good deal of zeal and
ceremony. A class book describing the last preceding reunion,
and giving all attainable information concerning the members,
follows or should follow every formal post-graduate assembling of a class. The most elaborate of these reports was issued by
the class of '70 after the members of that fine delegation had celebrated their vigentennial.  Class books have also been printed by
'66, '69, '73, and '75, and one is preparing for '68.


VIEW ON THE HURON.




CHAPTER V


TOWN AND GOWN
Ann Arbor is said to have derived its name from an incident
which occurred when the adjacent country was first settled. The
story runs that two pioneers established themselves and their families one on the east side the other on the west side. As the distance was too great for frequent visits, the wives of the two settlers
used to meet in a beautiful grove half way distant from each home.
Their husbands called the meeting-place Ann's Arbor, as each of
the women was named Ann. In time the meeting place gave its
name to a village.  According to another account the Indian
name of the district was Anaba, which, carelessly pronounced and
erroneously written, became the name of the town.
When Ann Arbor was chosen as the site of the University the
number of its inhabitants was much less than the present attendp.;:....go ---- ~ance         in  the  halls  of  our
Alma Mater.    What was
an  insignificant village
sixty-one years ago has beLIBR B      G            o  hcome a beautiful city with
handsome public buildings,
fine churches, and twelve
thousand permanent residents. The environment is
the most picturesque in
southern Michigan.  Most
LIBRARY BUILDING.        of the city lies upon an
elevated plateau all the sides of which descend only to meet ground


which rises into the encircling hills.
Many years ago the presence in Ann Arbor of not a few families of wealth and prominence gave rise to a local society quite
distinct from that of which the professors and their wives were the
constituents. Deaths and removals have nearly obliterated this
peculiar coterie to which many alumni gratefully acknowledge
indebtedness; and the town is overshadowed socially and otherwise by the extraordinary growth of the University.




TOWN AND GOWN


79


In the present prosaic times the students seldom have with
the town-people disputes more serious than are wont to arise over
unsettled bills for board, lodging, and laundrying.  Of old, things
were different. Ann Arbor counted among its people a railroad
element and a foreign element; and to neither of these elements
were the college boys strictly congenial. Therefore when the student met the "townie" on the latter's ground trouble was likely
to result; and it is not to be supposed that the college youth
treated too courteously his less fortunate fellow-being. An illustration of this is furnished by the so-called "IDutch War," which
arose from the rough treatment accorded one evening in the
winter of i856 to two students who were making themselves
unpleasantly conspicuous in Hangsterfer's saloon. The  next
night they returned with many of their comrades, and the obnoxious proprietor was told he must treat the crowd or suffer dire consequences as to his beer, his head, and his assembled friends.
He refusing, the boys raised the battle cry "Revenge or Beer"
and made a wild charge. Knives were drawn, clubs were flourished, kegs and barrels were staved in, and much beer was spilled.
Finally the Germans fled, hotly pursued past the old Franklin
House and out into the suburbs, until the boys were halted by
the police. The parley wound up, we are told, with some complimentary remarks from the marshal, and three cheers for college
spirit. But hard feeling remained, and one night, after an Alpha
Nu "election-spread" at Hangsterfer's, six students ripe for mischief started to attend a Dutch ball which was in progress at Binder's. That they were not invited to attend the entertainment made
no difference except in the degree of caution required. Having
climbed the high ground behind the house they looked through a
window and saw the refreshments spread in a vacant room. Improvising a ladder they crawled through the window, and soon
were among the provisions.  Elated with success they grew noisy,
and the enemy came upon theni so quickly as to capture one of
their number who had stopped to take a farewell drink. Rushing
to the campus his comrades secured reinforcements, and all hurried to the rescue, but Binder insisted upon a ransom of ten dollars. Meanwhile the alarm reached the medical students, and
they too hastened to the scene of action. The crowd, grown
larger and fiercer, chose a leader, and made a final demand, which
was refused, for the surrender of the captive. Three large timbers were procured and used as battering rams. The brick walls




8o


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


began to give way, the girls within screamed, and a huge dog
which Binder had sent out was met and killed by another furnished
by one of the besiegers. Then a squad of students was detailed to
fetch from the campus the muskets with which the boys were wont
to drill. This move frightened Binder and he released the
prisoner.
The next day six warrants of arrest were sworn out, and officers
were sent to apprehend the accused. One of the latter was called
upon to recite, but an innocent man rose in his place and went
on with the lesson, the professor making no objection. When the
class was adjourned an officer in waiting bade the one who had
arisen to follow him, which he did, while the real culprit took to
the woods. Again and again were the officers foiled. Students
exchanged clothes, took breakfast in one place, dinner at another,
and supper at a third. Three were concealed in the observatory,
and three in a regent's house. Finally the boys devised a scheme
to get rid of their troubles. Two students under age were sent to
Binder's as decoys, and bought liquor there. The statute prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors to minors was invoked against
the truculent Teuton, who withdrew his complaints and allowed
his warrants to be quashed. This ended the " Dutch War," one
of the most stirring episodes in Michigan student life.
Away back in the fifties some of the more reckless students
began to devote an occasional evening to tearing up sidewalks and
to lifting gates. So much stone flagging has been laid since 1890,
and so much more attention has been given to the streets by the
authorities, that it is hard for one familiar with the present condition of things to realize what pedestrians used to suffer. In 1882
one of the college papers made a complaint on this score, but
matters in earlier years were far worse. Perhaps the extreme of
dilapidation was revealed to the student eye when, under the influence of spring sunshine, the rickety planks of Ann Arbor's walks
lay bare of snow after the winter of i869-70. To the class of '73
the opportunity of working a great reform now presented itself;
and on Monday evening, April ii, about half of those members
whom the semi-annual examinations had spared executed upon
aged side-walks a raid unsurpassed in Michigan annals for extent
and thoroughness. The consequences were more serious than had
been anticipated; warrants of arrest were gotten out, and only
with the utmost difficulty, by dodging from one boarding-house to
another, and by taking hasty trips to Detroit, did the chief male



TOWN AND GOWN


8 


factors avoid the minions of the law. It is impossible to tell what
would have happened, for the city officials were wild with rage,
had not Acting President Frieze, having obtained from the authorities an estimate of the damage caused by the freshmen, paid the
amount-$225-out of his own pocket. One of the histories of
the University says "the students engaged in the work at once
repaid it (the money) to him"; but as a matter of fact the class of
'73 raised the money for Dr. Frieze by levying a tax of $2.25 a
head upon its members, regardless of whether or not they had
been invited to attend the midnight party which brought on so
much trouble. Although the tax was cheerfully paid there were
those who thought that very bad form had been shown somewhere.
At the Exhibition given by the class in May of the same year the
glee-club sang an original song entitled "Send Me Some Money
From Home", one stanza of which ran:
"And now we've to pay for the piper
For dancing on that April night;
Two hundred and twenty-five dollarsWhy don't the old gentleman write?"
Not long afterwards The Chronicle innocently inquired
whether the money had not been spent for the aldermen's beer
instead of for new sidewalks.
Another "fine" time was enjoyed in May, i88i, by a few
unior medical students, who paid $I50 for sundry street-lamps
smashed by them in the course of a nocturnal
spree. The college paper heartlessly suggested to the victims that at $io apiece street- 
lamps come high. 
From 1877 until after I890 Hallowe'en
was an occasion when gates required to be i      -H
fastened with unusual care, and when walks,il 
and signs needed to be watched. On that
night in I883 there was much disturbance;
more plank walks were raised than at any
time since the outburst of '73; the statue of
PROFESSOR FRIEZE.
the late B. Franklin received a coat of paint;
and many business signs were removed to places where they could
not be discerned. These varieties of lawlessness have now almost
disappeared, and certainly are not as frequent as might be expected
when the number and age of the students are considered.
A standing aggravation to law-breaking used to be the Ann




82


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Arbor policeman, a queer compound of prejudice, ignorance, and
stupidity. In the early years of the " force " indiscriminate threats
to shoot students for the offence of gathering in little groups at the
down-town street corners, or for singing their college songs, were
often made. In October, I874, two students wrestling after dark
on the campus were arrested by the vigilant guardians of the
peace. There was a show of resistance, and the next night counter demonstrations were made by the students. The Chronicle
with good reason remonstrated against the invasion of the University's grounds by the police. Soon afterwards the latter attacked
a group of sophomores, and seizing the smallest of the lot began to
drag him to the lock-up. The prisoner, now a representative in
Congress from one of the Illinois districts, made a sudden jump,
partially freed himself, and being caught by the coat-tails adroitly
slipped his arms out of the coat and made good his escape. The
astonished officers held up the coat and blandly invited the young
fellow to get back into it, but were told where they might go with
the garment. They concluded, says The C hronicle, to wait
until cooler weather before they hung the coat on its accustomed
peg in those warm regions.
Before 1882 the post-office was in a small and inconvenient
building the entrance into and the egress from which were by the
same narrow door. The carrier-delivery system had not yet been
introduced, and the students were accustomed to assemble at the
office every evening about the time of the arrival and distribution
of the mails from the east and the west. Often there were provoking delays in the delivery, and it could hardly be expected that
every one of five hundred or more students would refrain from
jostling and pushing, or from raising his voice somewhat higher
than the conversational pitch. On the night of the I2th of October, T877, the freshmen and sophomores came into closer contact
at the post-office than the patience of either would allow, and as
the office seemed not the best of places for a "rush" they adjourned to the campus. After they had gone the Mayor and his
minions came forward and boldly arrested a young fellow who had
taken ro part in the disturbance. He was released that night on
his own recognizance, and was discharged the next morning.
More serious trouble came two years later. From the opening of the fall session of I879 the policemen took especial satisfaction in making themselves obnoxious to students. A group of
twenty-five could not assemble in any place without an officer's




TOWN AND GOWN


83


making his appearance. Tuesday evening, October 14, the boys
on reaching the post-office found at the door policemen who would
allow but one student to enter at a time. The passage to the delivery windows was long and narrow, and as the closing hour was
early, it became evident that unless the delivery was rapid many
would not get their letters that night. Still, the students kept remarkably good order, but finally, incensed by the rough movements and language of the police they broke out into shouts and
yells, whereupon several of them were struck and arrested. On
the following night a large crowd of students and citizens gathered
in the same place. This assemblage was a signal for the ringing
of the fire-bell to call out the state militia and also a gang of
roughs deputized as special policemen. The former charged with
fixed bayonets, wounding a citizen of the town; and the special
police, incited, it was said, by an offer from the mayor of two dollars for each arrest, laid hands on every student who could be
found, no matter where he was going or what he was doing. Ten
or twelve sons of Michigan tax-payers passed the night in the
county jail, to be discharged the next morning, none of the officers who made the arrests being on hand to prefer charges. For
the disturbances of that term Mayor Smith was chiefly responsible.
His action-influenced by hostility to the University-in calling
out the militia and in summoning special policemen was both ridiculous and dangerous. Mr. Sessions, the city attorney, who refused to uphold the mayor's course was removed by the city council. Money having been raised, suits for false imprisonment were
brought against the city and the Mayor, but on the advice of Judge
Cooley and others who feared the consequences to the University
of prolonging an unfortunate conflict, the actions were discontinued. In April, i88I, Mayor Smith, to the great delight of the
students, failed of re-election.
One afternoon a few months after the post-office incident, fire
broke out in a small room adjoining the law-building. The fire
company having arrived on the scene too late to be of service in
extinguishing the fire, and being angered by the raillery of the students, attacked the latter and were worsted. The Chronicle
deprecated the affair, saying that the firemen had reached the fire
as soon as they could.
About the middle of January, 1882, a policeman named Porter whose officiousness in quelling serenades had made him decidedly a persona non grata to the students, wantonly assaulted some




84


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


members of the Alpha Delta Phi as they were returning from a
supper at Hangsterfer's. For this he was prosecuted, the society
courageously standing up for its rights. On the first trial the jury
disagreed, although the evidence was clearly in favor of the prosecution; but on the second trial he was found guilty, and was sentenced to pay a fine of six dollars and four dollars costs.
Of all the encounters between town and gown the most serious occurred Wednesday, November 12, 1890. Several days before five undergraduates had been arrested for " rushing " in the
post-office, and the student community was in a state of great
excitement.  Consequently when the sound of rifle-shots was heard
on the evening of the day mentioned, many supposed that trouble
was at hand. At least four hundred students soon gathered at the; ~i._. '.       -I-.
PHYSICAL LABORATORY.
2,,;    PYIA     LABORATOR.i
PHYSICAL LABORATORY.


place of the firing, which
was in front of a house in
the most densely populated
part of the city. It seems
that the marriage of a
member of the local militia
company was celebrating
in the house that night, and
that a number of the bridegroom's comrades, being
about to attend the ceremonies, fired, before entering the house, several


volleys in honor of the occasion.  Assembled in front of the
house the students gave the University yell, and called for a
speech. Some one came out and said to the boys-who had ceased
their cries so they could hear-"This is the biggest crowd of
ignorant people I ever saw". Of course this did not tend to disperse the crowd, which however was very good-natured and not
particularly noisy. Soon the same speaker appeared again, and
threateningly ordered the gathering to disperse. In a little while
the militia-men filed out, and marched down the street to the intersection of Division and Liberty streets. Here Sergeant Granger,
the commander of the detachment, urged his men to resist the
students who were following and guying the squad. The so-called
soldiers charged, using their muskets as clubs, and chased the
unresisting students hither and thither, following them individually.
Two or three of the excited militia-men rushed to the side-walk




TOWN AND GOWN


85


and ordered I. J. Denison, a member of the freshman class, to "go ".
He had been standing quietly upon the walk, taking no part in the
tumult, and when he asked where he should go, one of the
soldiers struck him on the head with the butt end of his musket,
and felled him to the ground. Then the students rallied, and
having supplied themselves with sticks and stones began to make
show of resistance. Some one whose name it is to be hoped will
not forever remain unknown to the chroniclers of deeds worthily
done by Michigan men, hurled a missile at Granger, hitting the
latter in the head, cutting a fearful gash, and completely disabling
him.  He still urged on the "military", and in a second charge
four or five students were slightly injured. Then several policemen appeared on the scene, the soldiers were advised to go down
town, Professor Thompson persuaded the boys to proceed to the
campus, and comparative quiet reigned. After listening to a short
speech in which the Professor thanked them for their self-restraint
under difficult circumstances, the students went home, not realizing
the extent of the injury to their associate. Young Denison died
early the next morning, an artery under the skull having been
ruptured.  He was of a very quiet disposition, and during the few
weeks of his stay in Ann Arbor had greatly endeared himself to
his comrades. His parents lived in Toledo. As for Granger, a
piece of his skull had to be removed, and he was for some time in
a critical condition; but he survived to carry permanently the mark
of the avenging stone. At the inquest it was shown that permission to fire had been refused by the mayor, that the discharge of
musketry within the city limits was prohibited by the ordinance,
and that the students had been guilty of nothing but noise. Eight
of the militia were arrested on two counts, murder and manslaughter, but it was impossible to ascertain who dealt the fatal
blow. The Governor of the State disbanded the Company for the
unsoldierly conduct of its men, and not long afterwards a new
military organization composed of some of the best citizens of the
town, together with several of the University's professors, was
effected. Mayor Manly, fearful of prosecution for the unwarranted arrest of students at the post-office, caused the cases against
the boys to be discontinued, they agreeing not to sue him for
damages, and he paying the costs.
Another episode of which the sensational press made much to
the temporary injury of the University occurred on the evening of
March 21, I89I.  A member of the junior academic class, H. W.
7




86


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Booth, was a passenger in one of the cars of the new electric
street railway, and having been carried beyond the street at which
he wished to alight, he demanded that the car should return. Of
course the motor-man refused to put the car back, whereupon an
altercation ensued, both men getting out and standing beside the
car. Whether apprehensive of attack, or in sheer anger, Booth
drew a revolver and shot the motor-man, inflicting a slight wound.
Booth was arrested, on the charge of assault with intent to kill,
and also of assault with intent to do great bodily injury, but pleading
self-defence he escaped conviction.  He was however expelled
from the University and from his fraternity.
Disputes between students and those good citizens of Ann
Arbor who furnish the former with food, lodging, and other necessaries, are not so frequent as the number and the circumstances of
the undergraduates would lead one to expect. Occasionally a student or a newly-fledged graduate leaves the city without settling an
account which some landlady or shopkeeper has allowed to run too
long; but as a rule the college boys pay their bills. Not many
years ago two students were sued in trespass by an angry woman
whose table they had forsaken, and over whose ground they were
wont to pass en route to the abode of another provider of meals.
Nothing came of the action.




CHAPTER VI


RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES
Although the instruction given by our University is entirely
secular, yet the religious needs of the students are served even
more amply than in most of the denominational colleges by certain institutions which private liberality has founded and endowed,
and which the zeal of the undergraduates has kept in active and
beneficial operation.  The oldest of these valuable adjuncts to
student life and culture, in fact the oldest society of its kind in
America, is the Students' Christian Association, itself the successor of an older organization which had been estab-, 
lished some years prior to 
I85 7 for the encouragement -
of foreign missions and for
mation concerning mission
of a few periodicals, and to
the holding of occasional
meetings for reading and
for the discussion of missionary affairs.  Not long STUDENTS' CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING.
after the beginning of the
academic year 1857-58, a disposition was manifested to modify
the character of this institute.  Foremost in the reorganization,
which took place in February, I858, was Adam K. Spence, '58,
the first President of the new society, and afterwards President of
Fisk University.  Henry A. Humphrey, also of '58, identified
himself with the movement at the start.   Fayette Hurd, '58,
Simon C. Guild, '6o, Eben L. Little, '6i, Byron M. Cutcheon, '6I,
and R. H. Tripp, '6i, were all early and influential members.
Charles Kendall Adams, '6i, now President of the University of
Wisconsin, says that the organization of the Association was very
largely due to the powerful Christian influence of the class of




88


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


i861. He adds "The nature of the work in those early days was
somewhat different from that of similar associations at a later
time. The exercises were largely devotional; but at almost every
meeting a paper was read on some religious subject believed to be
of more or less vital importance to Christian living and working ".
A room on the fourth floor of South College, now the south
wing of the Main Building, was the meeting-place of the Students'
Christian Association until I864, when room 9, at the right of the
north entry of South College was set apart for the use of the
society. This continued to be the headquarters until the organization obtained a home of its own.  In 1883 the twenty-fifth
anniversary was celebrated, and the society became a corporation.
As a result of the interest then aroused a building fund was started,
and in September, 1883, the lot directly in front of the central
entrance to the campus was purchased for $2,500. Work upon
the building was begun in April, i888, the corner-stone was laid
May 26 of the same year, and the dedication-deferred until the
debt resting upon the edifice had been paid-took place June 2.
I891.  Of the total cost of the building, $36,775, the sum of
$17,400 was given by Mrs. Helen F. Newberry of Detroit, widow
of the late John S. Newberry, '47, in whose honor the structure is
named Newberry Hall. With outside dimensions of 62x9I feet,
the building is two stories in height above the basement. The
material is field-stone, trimmed with Ohio blue stone and ' Forest
City" brown stone.  On the first floor are reception rooms, a
library, and three rooms for prayer meetings. The floors are of
hard wood. A staircase of oak leads to the upper story, which is
mainly devoted to a hall capable of seating 550 persons. There
is a large memorial window on one side, and leading out of the
hall are two rooms for those who take care of the building.
From the outset the S. C. A., as it is familiarly called, has
been an important factor in college life. During the year 1866-67
work was begun by it in the medical and law schools. The society
opened its doors to women as soon as they were admitted to the
University; but they did not take an active part in its operations
until 1874. The successive heads of the University, and many of
the leading professors, have been earnest promoters of the Association, attending its meetings, advising its councils, and contributing to its funds.  Until 1895 students not members of
evangelical churches were not eligible to active membership,
though they could be admitted to associate membership; but by




RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES


89


a change in the pledge a more liberal rule now prevails. About
3250 members have been enrolled by the Association, and the
present number of active members is 675, far more than the entire
collegiate attendance upon any of the denominational institutions
in the State.  Under an arrangement recently made the duties of
the officers are divided so that the woman vice-president has entire
charge of the work among the women members. The men and
women meet together once a month; the other meetings are
separate.  The Association offers courses in the systematic study
of the Bible; assists new students in obtaining rooms and boardingplaces; and extends the valuable privileges of its library and
reading-rooms to all mem-                                     1
bers and   persons  intro- | 
duced by members.       In 
began    the   publication
thebruary i88o,                the   society 1X-; -;  K K
of a   periodical called                  i
T h e Mo n t h l y B u ll ie t i n, 
which, as the S. C. A. Bul1 e t in, is now issued every  i:
week.   Anotherand a very                                  d  s.i 
useful publication of this
organization is a Students'
Hand-Book or manual of
HARRIS HALL (EPISCOPALIAN).
information co n cerning
the University, Ann Arbor, and the Association, which is issued
annually at the opening of college.  Early in March, I898, this
society celebrated its fortieth anniversary.  An endowment of
$o, ooo  is now sought, and a large part of that sum has been
subscribed.  Following is the list of those who have served as
presidents of the S. C. A.:
A. K. Spence, '58,              H. W. Gelston, '73,
S. C. Guild, '6o,               D. A. Matthews, '74,
E. L. Little, '6i,              J. W. Parker, '75,
H. A. Burt, '62,                W. J. Warner, '76,
J. H. McClure, '63,             H. C. McDougall, '77,
W. B. Hendryx, '04,             F. A. Barbour, '78,
John Thompson, '65,             J. F. Millspaugh, '79,
J. A. VanFleet, '66,            T. C. Green, '8o,
I. N. Elwood, '1)7,             A. G. Hall, '8i,
J. C. Freeman, '68,             F. C. Bailey, '82,
W. C. Darby, '69,               A. T. Packard, '83,
T. C. Christy, '70,             W. S. Hough, '84,
W. B. Millard, '71.             F. C. Wagner, '85,
J. F. Dutton, '72,              H. J. Powell, '86,




9~


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


A. J. Covell, '87,             F. A. Manny, '93,
John E. Hodge, '88,            A. J. Ladd, '94,
E. C. Goddard, '89,            N. A. Gilchrist, '95,
W. E. Goddard, '90,            W. M. Mertz, '96,
W. H. Nichols, '9I,            H. M. Rich, '97,
C. P. McAllaster, '92,         J. K. Marden, '98 in.
Formerly the Students' Christian Association was a member of
the Young Men's Christian Association, State and National, but
the firm adherence of its leaders to the union of men and women
in religious work led to the severance of the connection.  In 1895
the society decided not to permit the organization within its membership of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., and in consequence a college branch of the Y. M. C. A. was founded by students who had been members of the older organization.  This new
society occupies the Presbyterian hall at the southwest corner of
Huron and State streets.   Its first presiding officer was F. A.
Beach, '95; his successor was G. G. Crozier, '96 ni; and the present incumbent is C. E. Tompkins, '98.
In the college year 1867-68 students attached to the Protestant Episcopal Church joined in organizing "The St. Andrew's
Church Society", a society designed to do for undergraduates
of Episcopal affiliations what the S. C. A. seeks to accomplish
in a wider field.  Among the presidents of this organization
were W. J. Stuart, '68, George T. Campau, '70, and Albert
P. Jacobs, '73. After 1873 the society became dormant; but when
the late Samuel S. Harris was consecrated Bishop of Michigan, he
learned about the organization which had existed at Ann Arbor a
few years before, and under his advice and direction it was revived
in 1885 as "The Hobart Guild ".   Of his action President Gilman
of John Hopkins University has written thus in T he N o r th A merican Review:
" The Bishop of Michigan, having seen the vigor and prospects of the great
foundation at Ann Arbor, has wisely directed his zeal to the building of a great
collegiate hall, which shall not be in rivalry with the state university, but in cordial though informal cooperation with it "
Through the zealous labors of Bishop Harris, supplemented by
contributions and bequests from pious churchmen and churchwomen, the edifice at the northwest corner of State and Huron was
built at an expenditure of $31,ooo, and was formally dedicated in
April, 1887. An endowment of $30,ooo has been raised, the income of which is used partly in maintaining the house-now called
Harris Hall-and partly in sustaining courses of lectures.  The
Hobart Guild has a large membership, and the privileges of the




RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES


91


Hall-library, reading-rooms, bowling-alley, lecture-room, etc.,are fully improved. It may be added here that Bishop Perry of
Iowa, following the example set in Michigan, has laid in connection with the Iowa State University a foundation similar to the one
at Ann Arbor. Doubtless the chief theological school of the Episcopal Church west of New York will be established before many
years upon the basis furnished by Harris Hall and its endowment.
Another religious society affiliated with the University is "The
Presbyterian Tappan Hall Association", the objects of which are to
bring the Presbyterian students of the University into closer communion with each other, and to increase their influence in advancing the cause of Christianity. Professor Francis W. Kelsey, in
papers which have attracted the attention of all thinking Presbyterians throughout the United States, has shown that our undergraduates include more students of Presbyterian connections than
are to be found in the aggregate attendance at half a
dozen colleges of the de- 
nomination named; so that
sion of the lot and building
at the southwest corner of
State and Huron streets.
Early in   I890  Senator
SACKETT HALL-TAPPAN HALL.
James McMillan gave $15,ooo for the erection of a building in Huron street, and this gift
he supplemented with $5,000 to complete the structure, which
was dedicated May 23, I89I. At present the property is used by
the Young Men's Christian Association, but efforts are making to
secure an endowment and to establish courses of lectures.
In I888 a society which had been formed three years before
for the purpose of bringing students into closer relations with the
Methodist Episcopal Church, was reorganized as "The Wesleyan
Guild of the University of Michigan ". Through the liberality of
the Hon. Henry M. Loud of Oscoda, who gave $I5,000 for the
purpose, a course of lectures has been endowed. The property at
the southwest corner of Huron and Washington streets has been
secured, and it is planned to erect a commodious hall in the near




92                   THE MICHIGAN BOOK
future. As early as I870 students of the University contributed
$500 to aid in paying the debt of the Methodist Church.
A fourth organization, the Foley Guild, which was founded in
i889-90 by the Roman Catholic interest at Ann Arbor, is doing
good work among the many students for whom it is designed; and
about one year ago a similar society was established under the
auspices of the Congregational Church.
It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of these voluntary
associations which include in their memberships or spheres of
influence the greater part of the student attendance. When provided with chapter houses and adequately endowed, they will
accomplish much in a field which the University itself cannot enter
directly  It may be that before many years have passed the leaders of other religious bodies will realize, as the Episcopalians have
realized, the futility of seeking to rival with their little colleges the
great institution which the State itself fosters, and, turning those.
colleges into academies, will establish at Ann Arbor theological
schools in which the graduates of the University may be trained
for the Christian ministry.




CHAPTER VII


LITERARY SOCIETIES
In each of the older Eastern colleges the undergraduates
founded as soon as practicable two literary societies, to which
were given Greek-letter names or names compounded of Greek
words. Adopting this custom, students of our University organized during the first academic year at Ann Arbor a literary club
called the Phi Phi Alpha.  This was started June io, 1842, under
the presidency of the late William B. Wesson, '44, of Detroit. To
it belonged Collins, Fish, Goodrich, Lawrence, Marsh, and Pray,
all of '45. On the 3oth of September, 1843, some of its members, including Collins, Fish, and Marsh, joined in forming the
Alpha Nu, of which P. W. H. Rawles, '45, was the first presiding
officer. The two societies embraced in the early days most of the
students in college, and were nearly equal in membership.  It is
said that they were generally at variance about questions of college import.  "The elections of their officers " says a graduate
of '48, "were fruitful of bitter contests managed after the most
approved methods of the political wire-pullers of the day ". For
some years the societies were measurably secret, and to reveal
their transactions was an offence for which members were tried
and punished. This imitation of Princetonian methods did not
however last long.
On the 6th of March, I857, Phi Phi Alpha was deserted by
a large number of its men, members of secret fraternities, who,
appropriating another hall, founded the Literary Adelphi. From
that time Phi Phi Alpha gradually grew weaker until, on the Ist
day of November, i86i, it expired, leaving its library and other
effects to the Adelphi.  Cushman K. Davis, '57, was the first
President of the society.  Still another literary society, Delta Nu,
was founded with a large membership in i865, but it seems not to
have survived more than one year.
The exercises of the literary societies in old as in present
times consisted of debates, orations, and papers.  We ae told
that at their meetings all business was transacted with the closest
reference to parliamentary law, and that questions of current inter



94


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


est were discussed, and, as far as possible in such forums, settled.
Each society supported a monthly serial made up of carefully
edited manuscripts upon almost every conceivable topic. These
writings were copied into a book "to be read monthly for the edification of the hearers and the glory of the writers."  Phi Phi
Alpha's paper was called The Castalian, Alpha Nu's The
Sibyl. and Adelphi's The Hesperian. Annual debates
between chosen members of the Alpha Nu and the Adelphi were
collegiate events in the sixties, and in i868 each society had in its
own membership a series of prize contests.  In i885 Alpha Nu
and the Jeffersonian (law) Society had a "joint programme". This
was regarded as a great innovation.
Up to I868-69 Alpha Nu and the Literary Adelphi flourished.
The former had 113 members-its largest enrolment-in 1865-66,
and its rival had seventy-three at that date and eighty in i867-68.
These figures sank in i880 to thirty-four for the Adelphi and to
twenty-seven for Alpha Nu. Toward the close of the sixties the
college papers began to complain that little interest was taken in
the literary clubs.  "The majority of the students" says The
C h r o nicl e for September 24, 1870, "never frequent these societies, and never become acquainted with them ". The lack of social
intercourse in the societies between members of
the different classes was
also deplored.  In May,
1871, the combined mem-./                  Xi/ bership of the two academic
societies could be found
at any one meeting, and
adjournment for want of
ENGINEERING LABORATORY.     a quorum   was frequent.
Many students were members solely for the purpose of drawing
books. Yet partly because of occasional revivals of interest, and
partly because of the tendency to keep going when once started,
the Alpha Nu and the Adelphi have outlived by nearly thirty years
the timte set for their demise. The former published in 1870 a
catalogue of the 920 volumes then in its library. It had at Commencement in 1876 a reunion of its alumni, almost every class as




LITERARY SOCIETIES


95


far back as '49 being represented.  In 1877 this society opened its
doors to women, as its rival had done three years before. Each
of the literary organizations holds, as it always has held, a room
in the college buildings free of rent. In 1896 Alpha Nu's quarters were refurnished at an expense of $200, the proceeds of the
sale to the University of its library of I,ooo volumes. Neither of
the societies has published a catalogue of its members, and it is
probable that a complete catalogue could not now be compiled.
Alpha Nu must have admitted at least 1,200 men, and the total
membership of the Literary Adelphi is about 200 less.
For the loss of the prestige and influence formerly possessed
and exerted by the literary societies blame has been attached to
the secret fraternities, the Students' Lecture Association, undergraduate journalism, the Oratorical Association, and the advanced
requirements of the college curriculum.  Whatever the cause of
the decline of interest, it is to be hoped that it will not long continue, and that these ancient organizations will not be allowed to
perish.
Among the prominent alumni of Phi Phi Alpha, these may be
named: 'the late Judge Lyman Cochrane, '49; William A. Moore,
'5o; Henry M. Cheever, '53; Judge James B. Eldredge, '55;
Duane Doty, '56; Levi T. Griffin, '57; Professor James C. Watson, '57; Judge Albert H. Horton, '6o; and General Isaac H.
Elliott, '6I. Alpha Nu, of course, has a longer list, and includes
such men as the late John S. Newberry, '47; Dr. Edmund Andrews,
'49; O. M. Barnes, '50; Lewis R. Fiske, '50; Ashley Pond, '54;
William E. Quinby, '58; Judge C. B. Grant, Dr. T. A. McGraw,
and Judge A. H. Wilkinson, all of '59; Charles Kendall Adams,
Byron M. Cutcheon, and Henry M. Utley, all of '61; Edwin F.
Uhl, '62; Ex-Regent Levi L. Barbour, Judge 0. W. Coolidge,
and Dr. Henry M. Hurd, all of '63; Schuyler Grant, '64; Harry
A. Conant, '65; Melvin M. Bigelow, '66; John M. Hinchman, and
Professor Newton H. WVinchell, both of '66; Professor George L.
Maris, '67; Justin R. Whiting, '67; H. H. C. Miller, Edward C.
Lovell, and William  J. Stuart, all of '68; William  A. Butler,
Henry A. Chaney, Professor I. N. Demmon, and A. E. Wilkinson,
all of '69; H. P. Davock, James D. Hawks, George H. Lothrop,
and William C. Maybury, all of '70; Professor Richard Hudson,
'7I; Dwight C. Rexford, '72; George P. Voorheis, '72; Sidney C.
Eastman, Charles B. Keeler, and Professor V. M. Spalding, all of
'73; Frederick A. Maynard and Calvin Thomas, both of '74;




96


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Charles H. Aldrich, Judge George S. Hosmer, and Professor J. C.
Knowlton, all of '75; Frederick L. Bliss, '77; E. H. Guyer, '77;
and Professor G. W. Knight, '78.
Among the alumni of the Literary Adelphi are United States
Senator Cushman K. Davis, '57; Jonas H. McGowan, '6i; Hoyt
Post, '6i; Martin L. D'Ooge, '62; Judge Henry H. Swan, '62;
Noah W. Cheever, '63; Seth C. Moffatt, '64; Judge E. D. Kinne,
'64; Edward E. Kane, '67; Isaac M. Weston, '67; O. H. Dean,
Mark VW. Harrington, and Edward L. Walter, all of '68; Regent
W. J. Cocker, '69; Oscar J. Campbell, '70; Acting-President H. B.
Hutchins, '7I; F. L. Geddes, J. J. Mapel, and W. T. Underwood,
all of '72; Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., '74; and Ben T. Cable, '76.
Besides the regular literary societies there have been many
class debating clubs, such as the Homotrapezoi and the Philomathean of the class of '68; the Prescott Club, the Philologoi, the
Jay Club and the Panarmonian, of '69; the Aristotelian, the Huron,
and the Philozetian of '70; the Excelsior Club, the Tyler Club, the
Alpha Club, and the Delta Club of '7I; the Frieze Club, the R. T. V.
Society, the Spenser Club, and the Sophomore Society (" The
Seven"), of '72; the Everett Club, the Haven Club, and the Senior Forum, of '73; the Adams Club and the Morris Club, of '74;
the Sumner Debating Club of '75; and the '77 Debating Club.
" The Literary Q. C." a society for women in the literary department was founded November i8, I872, and existed until 1878.
It seems to have been in some respects a secret organization, and
its name-supposed to stand for "Quidnunc Combination "-was
the theme of much guessing and joking. In The Palladium
for I876-77 is a picture entitled "Q. C.'s Studying Art", which
represents six women engaged in a lively and complicated fight
with one another. A new literary society for women was started
in 1897. It is called Philologia.
Literary associations have thrived in the law school. Soon
after the opening of that Department a movement was set on foot
to organize a club for practice in oratory and debate. That club
is the present venerable and flourishing Webster Literary Society,
which  received its name on the 21st of October, I859.
Edward P. Clark, of '60, the first President, was killed in the battle of New Orleans, July I5, I862. An active membership of
sixty-six is recorded for the Webster in The Palladium of
i860-6i, and the undergraduate roll to-day includes about i50
names. As the Society has had forty-two delegations which have




LITERARY SOCIETIES


' 97


averaged about thirty-five men each, the total membership is in
the neighborhood of 1,500. The Webster was incorporated May I,
I886. Among the distinguished alumni are T. J. Anders, '6i,.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington; Dan H. Ball,
'6i, of the Marquette Bar; the late Isaac Marston, '6i, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan; John Atkinson, '62, of the
Detroit Bar; Edwin W. Keightley, '65, Edward P. Allen, '67, A.
J. Holmes, '67, S. R. Peters, '67, Marriott Brosius, '68, W. H.
Harries, '68, James Laird, '71, W. C. Maybury, '71, and R. P. Bishop, '72, Representatives in Congress; James L. High, '66; Allen
Zollers, '66, of the Supreme Court of Indiana;
Don M. Dickinson, '67, formerly Postmaster- 
General; Regent R. W. Butterfield, '68; Joseph
N. Carter, '68, of the Supreme Court of Illi-  Snois; Professor MI. D. Ewell, '68; LaVega
G. Kinne, '68, of the Supreme Court of Iowa;
J. V. Quarles, '68, of the Milwaukee Bar;
Henry A. Chaney, '7 I, and Charles K. Latham,
'72, of the Detroit Bar; William B. Gilbert, LEVI L. BARBOUR, '63.
'72, United States Circuit Judge; John C. Shields, '72, late Chief
Justice of Arizona; and William R. Day, '73, now Secretary of
State.
On the i5th of December, I869, the Webster celebrated the
close of its first decade. This society began in i868 a series of
annual public exercises, the usual programme for each entertainment being an oration by one member and a debate between four
members, two on a side.
Webster did not long remain without a rival, for the Justinian
Society took the field in 1860. It had thirty-three members in
i860-6I, forty-four in I86I-62, and forty-two in I862-63. To it
belonged the late Attorney-General and Regent, J. J. VanRiper,
'6i; Circuit Judge Levi L. Wixson; and William Story, '64, of the
Federal District Court. In March, 1864, Justinian's place was
taken by the Jeffersonian, which inherited' some of the members of
the earlier association, and which had for its first chief executive
Elijah J. Osborne of '64. J. H. O'Neall, '64, recently a member
of the National House of Representatives; James H. Cartwright,
'67, now of the Supreme Court of Illinois; Thomas J. Wood, '67,
formerly Representative in Congress; John W. McGrath, '68, formerly Chief Justice of Michigan; and J. E. Riddick, '72, of the




98


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Supreme Court of Arkansas, are a few of the many eminent Jeffersonians. The active membership was for a long time constitutionally limited to forty, and during most of its career the society
has carried fewer men than the Webster. About I,Ioo members
have been admitted from the thirty-eight classes, '64 to 'oI. This
society gave its first public exercises in debate and oratory on the
evening of St. Valentine's Day, 1872. Not long afterwards it and
the Webster began a series of joint annual debates. These two associations have enjoyed a mutually beneficial rivalry for more than a
third of a century, and both are very firmly rooted in student
esteem. Like the academic literary societies they have not published catalogues of their members; and like those societies they
have, so far as is known, neither seals nor other insignia.
A law-school society now extinct was the Douglas, which
maintained an active membership of about thirty from 1865 to
1870.  The Clay society, organized in 1865, reappeared as the
Lincoln in i866, and by that name survived until I871. Other
societies of law students were the Fletcher, i868-69; the Independent Society, i869-70; the Junior Independent Society, which
carried a large membership from 1869 to I873, and of which M.
M. Boothman, '71, J. D. White, '72, and T. A. E. Weadock, '73,
all representatives in Congress, and T. L. Norval, '71, Chief Justice of Nebraska, were members; the Law Literary Society, 1873 -77; and the Omega Club, 1871-72. Numerous "Congresses"
and " Moot Courts " have ephemerally flourished in this branch of
the University.
Owing to the vastly increased attendance upon the law school
in recent years the ancient literary societies have been unable
fully to occupy the field; and a new literary society, the Sumner,
and four debating societies, the Benton, the Lincoln, the Choate,
and the Hamilton, have entered the Department since 1890, and
are now flourishing. Of course they are too young to have eminent alumni.
An uninviting field for literary societies is found in the medical school. Here in I860 was started an organization called "The
Serapion Society"; it had forty-two members in i860-6i, rather
fewer the following year, and it died in 1862. In 1873-74 we find
among the medical students a " Senior Lyceum " and, a few years
later, a "Junior Lyceum"; but neither of these is mentioned in
The Palladium     of i880-81. In the Homceopathic Medical
College a society called the "Hahnemannian " made its appear



LITERARY SOCIETIES


99


ance about i880, and is still in existence, being, it is said, very
prosperous.  It is of a literary-social character, and is represented
by chapters in nearly all the Homceopathic colleges.
Deserving rank as a literary society, but doing its work by
indirection rather than with the methods of the Alpha Nu, Adelphi, Webster, and Jeffersonian, is the Students' Lecture Association,
founded in October, I854, and incorporated in I893. It is impossible to overestimate the value to the University of the services of
this organization. Not only are the students indebted to it for the
opportunity of listening to the chief orators and lecturers of the
country, but they also owe to it the supplying of the University
Library for many years with magazines and newspapers. Very
properly the office of President of the society is regarded as one
of the most honorable positions in the gift of the student body.
In May, I881, Frank W. Davenport, a member of Psi Upsilon,
and E. E. White, then a "neutral", were rivals for this coveted
post, both being members of the coming senior class. In the
canvass no unnecessary scruples were allowed to interfere with the
prospective success of either candidate, and the zealous friends of
one or the other played so strong a game that votes commanded
prices unheard of up to that time. When election day arrived the
college was excited as never before; ballot followed ballot,
neither side obtaining a majority, and a third (but lightly supported)
candidate-believed by Davenport's supporters to be in league
with the White forces-developing enough strength to prevent a
choice. After a session of eight hours the meeting was compelled
to adjourn until another Saturday. The schemes laid during the
interval, and the inducements held out to wavering electors, are
better imagined than described. At half-past ten Saturday morning the voting began, and it lasted until half-past one. The first
ballot showed a tie between the two principal candidates, with a
few scattering votes. On the second ballot White had a plurality
of two, with more scattering votes than before. Then by resolution the voting was limited to the two leading candidates, and
Davenport secured a plurality of three. He would have been
declared elected, but for the discovery, claimed to have been made
then for the first time, of a clause in the Association's fundamental
law forbidding the eliminating resolve. On another trial Davenport had a plurality of eight in a total vote much smaller than
either of the preceding ballots, but on the fourth ballot his opponent received of the previous "scattering" enough to elect him.




I00


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


This unprecedentedly determined and bitter struggle for place was
marked by incidents which do not lead one to look with much
enthusiasm  for the advent of the scholar in politics.   Some of
Davenport's admirers claimed that his election would have been
certain but for reports adverse to his good character circulated by
unscrupulous adversaries in the feminine part of the electorate.
Soon after the election Mr. White appeared as a Sigma Phi, and
some claimed that he had been admitted into that fraternity before
the election, but had kept the fact secret so as to hold " Independent " votes.  But this was denied.  The successful candidate when
some of his erstwhile supporters suggested he should resign,
declined to do so.  At the
election for the same office
-,- S  I-  held one year later, E. F.
Mack, '83, a member of
the  fraternity  to  which
Davenport belonged, was
chosen by a large majority.
By a curious turn of student
interest The Chronicle
'i  in 1884 was called upon to
'   deplore the absence of candidates for and the indifferANATOMICAL LABORATORY.         ence of electors to the position so vigorously fought for
in 1882.  In I891 the constitution of the Association was amended
so as to render eligible as members all students purchasing season
tickets.  Before that time none but academic undergraduates
could vote or hold office.  Following is the roll as complete as
the records furnish, of the Presidents of the S. L. A.:
Edwin Willits, '55,              George Colt, Jr., '72,
S. H. White, '56,                V. M. Spalding, '73,
G. M. Landon, '57,               T. H. Johnston, '74,
C. A. Thompson, Jr., '60,        H. C. Ford, '75,
J. H. McGowan, '6I,              Ben Safley, '76,
Charles Hurd, '62,               G. S. Bishop, '77
W. S. Harroun, '63,              H. B. Walmsley, '78,
Schuyler Grant, '64,             H. W. Ashley, '79,
W. H. Fifield, '65,             I. H. Bullock, '80,
J. E. McKeighan, '66,            C. W. Sessions, '81,
T. M. Potter, '67,               E. E. White, '82,
E. C. Lovell, '68,               E. F. Mack, '83,
0. S. Vreeland, '69,            W. C. Foote, '84,
Charles Ballenger, '70,          R. F. Eldredge, '85,
P. A. Randall, '71,              H. A. Reynolds, '86,




LITERARY SOCIETIES


IOI


C. Y. Dixon, '87,              W. W. Wedemeyer, '94,
C. A. Read, '88,              J. W. Powers, '94,
A. E. Jennings, '89,           E. C. Lindley, '95,
E. M. Coolidge, 'go,           E. G. Ryker, '96 /,
Thomas Kerl, '9I,              H. H. Emmons, '97,
P. W. Ross, '92,              F. P. Sadler, '98 /.
W. W. Griffin, '93,
Another very important organization among the students is
the Oratorical Association. In January, 1890, at the instance of
Professor Trueblood, a few enthusiastic students met to establish
an annual intercollegiate oratorical contest open only to undergraduates. Invitations were sent to Cornell, Northwestern, Oberlin, and Wisconsin. Favorable replies were received from all but
Cornell, which university would not join unless allowed to send as
its representative a graduate student who had won the prize in
oratory in 1889. The remaining colleges formed the Northern
Oratorical League, and afterwards admitted the Universities of
Iowa and Chicago. The constitution of the League provided for
the establishment of associations in each college to form a groundwork, and so the Oratorical Association was organized here with
about forty members.  This society has prospered, and is the centre of the efforts made to render our University successful in the
annual competition with other institutions of learning.  Membership is open to all students of the University, but the orators who
are to compete in the League are by preliminary contests selected
from the collegiate department and from the law school, two seniors, one junior, and one sophomore from the former, and two
seniors, one junior, and one freshman from the latter, persons who
have taken degrees being barred.  Then the eight meet in a final
contest, and the winner has the honor of representing Michigan in
the League meeting.  He who comes out second best is the alternate who takes the place of the winner should the latter be unable
to appear in the inter-collegiate contest.
In I894 the alumni residing in Chicago established a medal
and a testimonial of seventy-five dollars to be given annually to the
student winning first honor in the University contest.  This offer
the Oratorical Association has supplemented with a testimonial of
fifty dollars for the winning of the second honor.  The medal is of
bronze, was designed by Louis H. Sullivan, a prominent artist of
Chicago, and was executed at the United States mint. Mr. Ferdinand W. Peck, the father of a former student at Ann Arbor, has
founded prizes of one hundred dollars and fifty dollars respectively
for the winners of the first and second honors in the League.
8




102


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


At the first annual contest of the Northern Oratorical League
which was held at Ann Arbor in May, 1891, the first place was
taken by A. C. Gormley, '9I /, of Michigan. In the second contest, which took place at Evanston, May 7, I892, Wisconsin won,
our representative, Jesse E. Roberts, '92 /, standing fourth among
the five contestants.  Every subsequent contest thus far has been
won by Michigan; for this we are indebted to Linley G. Long, '93,
Frank P. Sadler, '96, James H. Mays, '95 /, Fred L. Ingraham,
'96 /, Bayard H. Ames, '97, and Charles Simons, '98.
The success of the oratorical contests suggested intercollegiate debates, and on Friday, March 31, 1893, a contest took place
at Ann Arbor between three undergraduates of Michigan and a
like number of students from the University of Wisconsin, in
which the former were successful.  Owing to a disagreement as to
methods of marking the two universities did not meet again, and
arrangements were made with Northwestern University for debates
in 1894 and I895.    In both of these Michigan was unsuccessful.
In 1896, 1897, and I898, debating contests were held with the
University of Chicago, Michigan winning the first and third, and
losing the second.   Up to 1896 our representatives in these debates were chosen in a University contest out of eight men who
had survived preliminary contests in the two literary and the two
law societies.  Now the debates are under the control of the Oratorical Association, and nearly one hundred men participate in
the preliminaries.  In 1896-97 a Central Debating League, composed of Michigan, Chicago, Northwestern, and Wisconsin (Minnesota substituted in 1898), was formed and a plan was arranged by
which the universities debate in semi-finals by groups, the winners
of the two groups coming together in the final contest.
i893 —A. W. Jefferis, '93 1,   I896-P. Y. Albright, '98 /,
I. B. Lipson, '93 /,            Edmond Block, '96 /,
C. T. Pardy, '96,               C. J. Vert, '96 /,
I894 —E. C. Lindley, '95,       I897-F. X. Carmody, '97,
E. W. Marlatt, '94 /,           W. M. Chandler, '97 /,
J. H. Mays, '95,               J. S. Lathers, '97,
i895 —C F. Kimball, '95 /,     I898-T. A. Berkebile, p. g.,
J. V. Oxtoby, '95,              L. C. Whitman, '99 /,
1895-F. P. Sadler, '96,              D. F. Dillon, '99 7,
Following are the names of those who have served as presidents of the Oratorical Association:
I89o-9I-J. L. Haner, go, 9I 7,  I894-85-J. H. Quarles, '96,
I891-92-A. J. Ladd, '94,       1895-96-B. F. Deahl, '96 A,
1892-93-Milton Johnson, '93 1,  I896-97-H. G. Paul, '97,
I893-94-Gertrude Buck, '94,     i897-98-C. F. Kelley, '98 /.




CHAPTER VIII


STUDENT PUBLICATIONS
As early as the college year 1843-44 an attempt, necessarily
abortive, was made to establish a college paper at Ann Arbor. In
July, 1853, the first number-there were but two numbers in allof The Peninsular Quarterly and University Magazi ne, was issued in Detroit. This publication, though not peculiarly representative of Michigan, was largely made up of contributions from professors and alumni of our Alma Mater. Postponing
mention of the college annuals (which had their origin in a broadside issued in 1856), the original effort of Michigan students in
the magazine line was the University Quarterly, which was
edited during i86i by W. E. Ambruster, '62, and E. A. Fraser,
'63, on behalf of the Alpha Nu literary society, and by G. A.
Marr, '62, and Stephen Powers, '63, for the Literary Adelphi.
The University Independent, the first number of which
made its appearance in           _
November, I86, was the
AIMa g a z i nSe.  Only  one
outgrowth of the bitter feeling which had arisen between theindependents andit
the members of the secret 
societies.  Four number                           s s
each of forty octavo pages,ongs
were printed. In March,
1862, the name was changed                      t s 
to   The    Univenrsity  jin cole 
aga z i n e.  Only  one
number appeared under the
new title. This was edited    CVL ENGINEERING BUILDING
by a board composed of two members of each of the four academic classes, and the leading article of the number was entitled
"Objections to Secret Societies Supported by the Opinions of
Eminent Men."    It contained also articles of a non-partisan
character, and some college songs.
Five years passed before another attempt was made to start a
magazine. The need of a record of current events in college life




I04


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


was recognized by three members of '68, who on the second day of
March, 1867, issued the first number of The University
Chronicle, a bi-weekly paper.    It was a single sheet folded in
eight pages, and was printed three columns to a page.  The price
of it was ten cents.  In June, 1867, the founders turned the paper
over to the incoming junior class, which adopted a constitution
putting it in the exclusive control of a board of four editors
(changed in i868 to six), equally divided between the independents
and the secret-society men, and chosen at the end of each year by
the outgoing sophomores from their own number. The paper was
a financial success the first year, but in the second year the board
was obliged to omit one number at the end of the volume, and in
the third year money was lost. It being clear that the students
could not or would not support two magazines, a consolidation
with the monthly then published by the students was effected in
May, 1869, thus creating The Chronicle, which remained for
many years the organ of the undergraduates.  The editors of T h e
University Chronicle, 1867-69, were these:
Brutus J. Clay, '68,           D. H. Rhodes, '69,
Charles Quarles, '68,          C. S. Carter, '70,
L. P. Tarlton, Jr., '6S,       T. C. Christy, '70,
0. S. Vreeland, '69,           H. P. Davock, '70,
A. E. Wilkinson, '69,          Edwin Fleming, '70,
B. A. Crane, '69,              V. S. Lovell, '70,
Henry Lamm, '69,               R. H. Thayer, '70,
W. C. Johns, '69,              Bernard Moses, '70,
W. J. Cocker, '69,             S. R. Winchell, '7o.
In June, i867, a pamplet of forty-four small octavo pages, the
first numberof The M ichigan University Magazine. was
issued. The second number appeared in the following October,
and these two constituted the first volume, of which there were in
all 86 pages.  Volume II, i867-68, contained 402 pages, and the
third and last volume had 4I4 pages.  Except during August and
September the magazine was issued every month.   It was edited
by a board of six members chosen from the junior class on the Saturday before Class-Day, and equally divided between neutrals and
society-men.  The University Chronicle being a record
of current events, this magazine was an expression of student
thought.  As above stated it was merged in The Chronicle in
May, 1869.   The following students served as editors:
G. E. Church, '67,             I. N. Otis, '67,
I. N. Elwood, '67,             J. J. Davis, '68,
W. J. English, '67,            I. N. Demmon, '68,
D. N. Lowell, '67,             J. C. Freeman, '68,




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


I05


G. S. Hickey, '68,            0. H. Dean, '69,
E. C. Lovell, '68,            F. A. Dudgeon, '69,
J. C. Magill, '68,            W. J. Gibson, '69,
E. L. Walter, '68,            T. F. Kerr, '69,
W. J. Cocker, '69,            D. H. Rhodes, '69.
W. J. Darby, '69,
Although the meeting which determined to consolidate the
monthly and the semi-monthly published by the undergraduates
was held May 22, 1869, the first number of the new magazine did
not appear until September 25, I869.  Sixteen broad, doublecolumned pages, the last two of which were devoted to advertisements, formed the initial issue and the normal type of The
C hron i c 1 e. The first volume contained nineteen numbers and
304 pages.  Until 1883, when the opening number of the fifteenth
volume appeared in a wrapper illustrated with pictures of the college buildings, the first page of the paper had no protecting cover.
This periodical was issued on every alternate Saturday during the
college year until I877, when a weekly issue was begun.
For eighteen years The Chro n icle was edited by a board
composed of eight students, four of whom-two independents and
two secret-society men —were elected by the academic undergraduates from the junior class at the end of the first semester, while
four more were chosen from the same class at the close of the college year.  Each editor served one year, so that in the first half of
the academic year all the editors were seniors, while in the last
half the board was made up of four seniors and four juniors.  In
1887 the number of editors was increased from eight to twelve,
still chosen equally from the independents and the secret societies,
and four " department editors " were added.
As conducted by'70, '71, and '72, The Chronicle was
the best college paper in the country.  Editorials ably written,
contributions well selected, and remarkable freedom from typographical errors, made the magazine a model of its kind. Nor
was the management of succeeding classes, at least for some years,
inferior in skill to that of similar periodicals.  But after a time
the editing became careless, and misprints increased alarmingly.
Thus in the four numbers for January, 1890, the date 1889 appears
on the first page after the name of the month.
In 1876 an incorporation under the name of '  The C hronic e Association" was effected, and the right of voting for the eight
directors-who were ex-officio editors-was limited to members of
the Association. An annual fee of two dollars, which included a
year's subscription, was exacted of each member, and only




Io6


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


students in the literary department were held to be eligible to
membership. While these provisions were thought to be essential
to the welfare of The Chronicle, they led to a division of
student support and ultimately to the destruction of the magazine.
By a combination effected in I88o-8i two of the leading
secret-societies and several of their allies were practically excluded
from representation upon T h e C h r o n i c 1 e board. When the work
of the coalition became apparent, measures were taken by the
proscribed societies to secure what had been denied them. That
the undivided assistance
' —*:i —i ~.=  _  -.-  of all the elements which
I --  ^made up the student body
[IS; A3    ^7  was needed by the magazine was not realized, else
a compromise would have
been effected.  But fraP'~~~~mat~~ternity interests were involvedf and war was inevithought addi l  table.  Pledges from vs tfully a, ad te  ing members were secured
for the nominee who had
been selected to represent
the "opposition" at the election in May, 1882, and to make
matters certain the aggrieved societies paid many subscriptions for their members and other students, thus gaining as they
thought additional supporters. All money thus offered was cheerfully accepted, and the new members affixed their names to the
constitution presented to them. But at the election the voting
list made up by T h e C h r o n i cl e board-which board was wholly
in the control of the combination-did not contain the names of
the new members nor indeed of others who had long been voters.
Whatever was the technical explanation or legal justification
of the omissions, it failed to satisfy the opponents of the combination, and a tremendous uproar ensued.  Finding himself
unable to restore order the managing editor declared the meeting
adjourned subject to his call. The "outs" remained, and elected
editors, whom of course the editors holding over refused to recognize. Recognition was however extended by the latter to editors
chosen at a meeting attended by none but their own faction, and
the "ins" celebrated their alleged victory by eating a supper, and




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


Io7


by publishing a four-page sheet called T h e B o o m e r a ng. Then
a new bi-weekly, The University Argonaut, was started by
the dissatisfied element, which was composed of five fraternities.
Before this there had been trouble on account of Delta Upsilon,
which, not being a secret-society, and not wishing to be ranked
with the independents, had ever since I877 been trying to have
the word "fraternities" substituted in the constitution for the
term "secret-societies".
As for The Argonaut, it started upon a broader basis than
that of its rival. Espousing the cause of the whole University, it
allowed the professional schools and the academic under-classmen
a share in the control of the paper. At first a semi-monthly sheet
of twenty double-column pages, it became in I884 a weekly containing eight pages of reading matter, three columns to a page.
It was conducted with vigor, and succeeded in paying its way, but
neither it nor its contemporary was able to reach the high standard
set by The Chronicle from I869 to I872. Each of the rival
papers was controlled by a fraternity faction, although each professed great regard for the independent element. In I886 one of
the smaller societies which had seceded from The Chronicle
Association returned to it, and the latter was joined also by the
new fraternities that were established from 1885 to 1889. On the
other hand four of the non-society editors of The Chronicle
resigned from it in 1889 for the purpose of advancing the interests
of a new daily paper which the Independent Association proposed
to publish, and which appeared il September, 1890. This movement hastened the consolidation-which must otherwise have taken
place sooner or later-of the two weekly papers. The Chronic l e - A r g o n a u t as the new magazine was named, lasted through
the year I890-91. In October, 1891, the fraternities decided to
have a periodical of their own, and leaving The ChronicleArg o n a u t to die of inanition they established T h e Yello w and
T h e B u e, a short-lived weekly paper of which the first number
appeared October 24, 1891.
In 1879 the students in the professional departments, holding
that their interests had been neglected by T h e C h r o n i c 1 e,
started a paper called The University. Of this the first
number was published December 12, I879. It contained sixteen
pages of reading matter, and appeared every other week. The
style of the paper was like that of The Chronicle. Two volumes sufficed for this enterprise.




io8


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Following is the roll of those who
The Chronicle:
Bernard Moses, '70,
W. B. Stevens, '70,
Edwin Fleming, '70,
T. H. Bush, '70,
J. S. Maltman, '70,
S. R. Winchell, '70,
II. C. Granger, '71,
H. B. Hutchins, '71,
E. L. Mark, '71,
R. M. Wright, '71,
Charles Chandler, '71,
J. L. Gillespie, '71,
C. E. Gorton, '7r,
Richard Hudson, '71,
W. B. Millard, '71,
H. W. Montrose, '71,
H. G. Prout, '71,
James Christie, '72,
J. J. Mapel, '72,
C. G. Bennett, '72,
C. K. Turner, '72,
A. H. Brown, '72,
W. H. McKee, '72,
C. C. Worthington, '72,
F. L. Geddes, '72,
Hiram Myers, '72,
W. F. Clark, '73,
W. B. Williams, '73,
C. L. Wilson, '73,
W. S. Sheeran, '73,
C. S. Wilson, '73,
G. F. Robison, '73,
C. R. Wells, '73,
Henry Russel, '73,
C. T. Lane, '74,
G. H. Jameson, '74,
T. H. Johnston, '74,
H. R. Pattengill, '74,
Calvin Thomas, '74,
W. H. Wells, '74,
L. B. King, '74,
V. H. Lane, '74,
J. C. Knowlton, '75,
B. C. Burt, '75,
B. C. Keeler, '75,
L. C. McPherson, '75,
Lorenzo Davis, Jr., '75,
C. S. Burch, '75,
J. W. Parker, '75,
J. D. McMahon, '75,
C. A. Blair, '76,
A. L. Daniels, '76,
Ben Safley, '76,
H. M. Campbell, '76,
J. H. Steere, '76,
W. P. Durfee, '76,


have served as editors of
E. D. Barry, '76,
R. J. Young, '76,
W. R. Roberts, '77,
F. H. Kimball, '77,
P. T. Cook, '77,
F. L. Bliss, '77,
V. J. Tefft, '77,
W. J. Gray, '77,
M. L. Woolsey, '77,
J. S. Crombie, '77,
F. C. Ferguson, '77,
W. W. Augur, '78,
J. H. Edwards, '78,
Clarence Griggs, '78,
G. H. Harrower. '78,
W. L. Jenks, '78,
H. G. Myers, '78,
S. D. Walling, '78,
J. H. Raymond, '78,
H. B. Walmsley, '78,
F. S. Bell, '79,
J. P. Brown, '79,
W. F. Bryan, '79,
E. A. Christian, '79,
Leroy Halsey, '79,
Newton Macmillan, '79,
F. D. Mead, '79,
C. G. VanWert, '79,
J. L. Ambrose, '8o,
A. W. Burnett, '80,
J. M. Brewer, '8o,
E. M. Brown, '8o.
C. H. Campbell, '80,
J. T. Ewing, '8o,
C. L. Dubuar, 'So,
N. W. Haire, '8o,
P. B. Loomis, Jr., '80,
A. J. Potter, '8o,
William Helmle, '80,
F. F. Reed, '80,
Max Zinkheisen, 'So,
Willis Boughton, '8r,
F. 5M. Townsend, '8I,
C. A. Towne, '81,
H. M. Oren, '8I,
G. W. Lilly, '81,
G. B. Daniels, 'Si,
C. T. Brace, 'Si,
M. K. Perkins, 'SI,
W. L. Liggett, 'SI,
F. H. Goff, 'Si,
J. E. Beal, '82,
R. T. Gray, '82,
Rufus Waples, Jr., '82,
William Streeter, '82,
F. E. Baker, '82,




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


o109


H. E. Spalding, '82,
R. G. West, '82,
R. W. Cooley, '82,
C. T. Wilkins, '83,
J. T. Winship, '83,
J. A. McLennan, '83,
L. S. Berry, '83,
Harry McNeal, '83,
Bethune Duffield, '83,
D. G. Taylor, '83,
J. W. Payne, '83,
E. E. Fall, '83,
Elmer Dwiggins, '83,
W. L. McDonald, '83,
J. A. Case, '84,
D. R. Phillips, '84,
J. M. Zane, '84,
C. E. Boyce, 84,
F. A. Giddings, '84,
H. F. Forbes, '84,
E. S. Clarkson, '84,
F. W. Gregory, '84,
G. B. Sheehy, '84,
T. C. Phillips, '85,
Dwight Goss, '85,
D. C. Corbett, '85,
F. W. Job, '85,
R. S. Dawson, '85,
A. C. Robeson, '85,
M. D. Atkins, '86,
J. E. Burchard, '86,
W. W. Campbell, '86,
L. E. Dunham, '86,
W. M. Giller, '86,
E. C. Pitkin, '86,
J. C. Shattuck, '86,
F. W. Stevens, '86,
O. B. Taylor, '86,
T. J. Ballinger, '87,
W. A. Blakely, '87,
G. L. Canfield, '97,
J. D. Hibbard, '87,
T. F. Moran, '87,
A. G. Newcomer, '87,
Benno Rohnert, '87,
F. J. Woolley '87,
G. W. Whyte, '87,
F. R. Belknap, '88 m,
G. C. Manly, '87 /,
H. L. Barie, '87 p,
J. S. Campbell, '87 h,
I. P. Eddy, '87 d,
H. J. Williams, '88,
J. L. Duffy, '88,
The roll of the editors of
follows:
C. I). Willard, '83,
A. A. Boyer, '83,


R. D. Lampson, '88,
J. H. Powell, '88,
G. R. Mitchell, '88,
J. B. Burtt, '88,
H. H. Brown, '88,
W. R. Parker, '88,
E. E. Hubbard, '88,
H. K. White, '88,
G. L. Kiefer, '88,
P. M. Hickey, '88,
W. J. Beckley, '89,
Tames Chalmers, '89,
A. E. Rowley, '89,
Lincoln McMillan, '89,
H. B. Bracewell, '89,
C. S. Hyde, '89,
T. C. Severance, '89,
C. K. Eddy, '89,
J. W. Adams, '89,
E. L. Miller, '90,
J. A. C. Hildner, '90,
J. R. Rogers, '90,
W. F. Hubbard, '90,
W. J. Baldwin, '9o,
Pomeroy Ladue, '90,
P. B. Herr, '9o,
L. E. 'lorrey, '90,
G. R. Brandon, 'go,
J. I. Armstrong, '89 /,
R. P. Lamont, '91,
A. D. Rich, '91,
F. S. Baillie, '91,
Martin McVoy, '9r,
H. T. Abbott, '91,
J. E. Haines, '91,
W. H. Turnbull, '91,
E. H. Smith, '91,
R. C. Thayer, '91,
F. G. Cadwell, '9r,
L. V. DeFoe, '91,
E. W. Dow, '9t,
B. P. Mossman, '9I,
P. A. Walling, '90 A,
F. M. Phillips, '9o iz,
C. W. Baker, '9o,
F. S. Henry, '91 d,
J. A. VanArsdale, '92,
H. C. Bulkley, '92,
A. C. Lewerenz, '92,
A. H. Covert, '92,
N. D. Kean, '9o wz,
G. L. Nye, '91 /,
L. Y. Baker, '90 h,
The University Argonaut is as
W. H. Mace, '83,
F. N. Scott, '84,




I IO


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


F. W. M. Cutcheon, '85,
F. W. Lamey, '83 /,
T. A. Noftzger, '83,
H. G. Ohls, '83,
J. C. Gibbs, '83,
A. S. VanValkenburgh, '84,
Hugh Brown, '84,
J. E. Cornell, '84,
W. E. Brownlee, '85,
F. B. Leland, '84 /,
C. HI. Johnston, '83 on,
W. S. Brown, '85 n,
H. C. Kasselman, '83 h,
N. E. Degen, '86,
E. C. Field, '83 p,
W. F. Overholser, '83 d,
W. B. Chamberlain, '84,
T. S. Jerome, '84,
E. L. Lockwood, '85,
Woods Hutchinson, '84 m,
S. A. Warner, '85 m,
J. H. Yoell, '84 1,
C. J. Bacher, '84 /,
A. G. Hopper, '84p,
P. P. Sanborn, '85 i,
L. J. Mitchell, '84 d,
J. V. Denney, 'S5,
A. G. Pitts, 'S5,
A. HI. Williams, '85,
D. H. Browne, '85,
E. A. Clary, '86,
J. O. Reed, '85,
B. W. Schumacher, '85,
J. H. Patterson, '85,
C. E. Chapin, '86,
W. A. McAndrew, '86,
N. D. Corbin, '86,
A. A. Clokey, '88,
F. A. Ainsworth, '86,
S. A. Warner, '85 iz,
T. A. Boot, '86 in,
G. C. Cooke, '85 /,
K. S. Searle, '86 /,
A. W. Smith, '85 p,
H. B. Wilson, '86 Ih,
H. W. Davis, '86 d,
H. S. Swift, '86,
F. T. Wright, '86,
Josiah McRoberts, '86,
F. L. Weaver, '86,
W. A. McAndrew, '86,
C. A. Wheeler, '86,
F. J. Baker, '87,
S. A. Moran, '88,
R. C. Bryant, '87,
A. L. Benedict, '87,
M. M. Mann, '88,
C. U. Champion, '88 1,
W. H. Allport, '88,


C. E. Norris, '86 m,
Charles Dresbach, '86 /,
F. W. Stevens, '86,
G. H. Felt, '86p,
R. C. Taylor, '87 hz,
J. B. Thomas, '87,
R. E. Park, '87,
F. J. Baker, '87,
Moritz Rosenthal, '88,
J. E. Talley, '89,
P. G. Sjoblom, '90,
A. L. Benedict, '87,
P. V. Perry, '88,
C. A. Read, '88,
T. H. Gale, '88,
F. G. Plain, '88,
J. N. McBride, '88,
G. T. Gamble, '89,
H. M. Bates, '90,
F. H. Abbott, '89,
P. R. Whitman, '89,
H. B. Dewey, '90,
L. Z. Caulkin, '90,
A. H. Covert, '92,
L. D. Milliman, '90,
Isabella M. Andrews, '89,
D. C. Worcester, '89,
F. S. Loomis, '89,
Bertha E. Pritchard, '9I,
O. R. Hardy, '9,
G. E. Mcllwain, '90,
M. G. Paul, '92,
B. P. Bourland, '89,
R. E. Dunbar, '9o,
G. H. Snow, '90,
H. V. Winchell, '89,
J. B. Smalley, '91,
Hudson Sheldon, '9o,
Caroline C. Penny, '90,
J. K. Freitag, '90,
F. H. Dixon, '91,
F. E. Wood, '92,
L. J. Richardson, '90,
Arthur Frantzen, '92,
J. R. Effinger, Jr., '91,
E. F. Gay, '9o,
W. B. Kelly, '9I,
Gustav Kleene, '91,
Mary E. Sanborn, '91,
Edith L. Sheffield, '91,
L. G. Whitehead, '93,
Jacob Lowenhaupt, '91,
W. L. Mann, '90,
H. B. Shoemaker, '91,
E. D. Warner, 'g9,
G. A. Katzenberger, '9go 
Wallace Palmer, '9 p,
W. D. Wood, '90 nz,
F. C. Sizelan, '90 '.




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


III


Following are the editors of The Chronicle-Argonaut,
1890-91:
J. R. Effinger, Jr., '9I,         E. V. Robinson, '90,
B. P. Mossman, Jr., '91,          J. H. Harris, '91,
S. M. Trevellick, '9I,            E. S. Beck, '94,
H. C. Bulkley, '92,               F. L. Sherwin, '92,
L. B. Trumbull, '9I,              W. H. Butler, '91,
P. W. Ross, '92,                  Thomas Kerl, '91,
L. V. DeFoe, '91,                 S. C. Park, '91,
G. S. Curtiss, '9I,               R. E. VanSyckle, '91,
W. F. Hubbard, '9I,               G. P. Cheney, '92.
The editors of The Yellow      and The Blue were:
B. F. Hall, Jr., '93,             H. F. McGaughey, '93,
F. W. Pine, '94,                  J. A. Whitworth, 'q4,
E. E. Beal, '94,                  B. F. Brough, '93 /,
R. G. Lathrop, '93,               W. L. Webster, '93 d.
Twenty-one years having passed since a monthly magazine
was decided to be impracticable, the class of '9i at the opening of
its senior year decided to make another  voum Seven           Number Four
attempt, and that attempt has been        J.4.U.4.R I.D.r.Vcl.7
successful.  The Inlander-for by            T   e 
The Inlander
so peculiar a title was the new monthA Majgzine oublished  on  the illy christened-is now     in its  eighth         n.:. e,."cnth during, he
college year, and devoted to the Litvolume.    'Its aim is to furnish a me-,Ian.O Established by th
dium of expression for the literary life
and thought of Michigan University".
Originally the magazine was almost
square in form-the page being 678 x
8s/8 inches-but now the page is narrower though not longer.      The subscription  price, originally  $I.50   a     Edl,,andpUbled by Boardtor chosen,
among the Students ol the University of Michigan.
year, is now   only half of that sum,,,   s secondd td at the pos
and the price of single copies has been       F         ad a al 
oPXCR, TteN CNTS
reduced from twenty-five to ten cents. 
This magazine is published on the
fifteenth of each month during the college year.      The editors of
The Inlander have been:
i89o-9I-C. B. Warren, '91,        I891-92-P. W. Ross, '92,
H. B. Shoemaker, '91,             W. C. Quarles, '92,
J. A. McLaughlin, 9I,             F. L. Sherwin, '92.
E. H. Smith, '91,         1892-93-F. F. Briggs, '93,
E. D. Warner, '9T,                H. A. Friedman, '93,
Day Krolik, '9I.                  I. C. Belden, '93,
1891-92 —Wilhelm Miller, '92,             L. A. Strauss, '93.
E. O. Holland, '92,       I893-94-G. W. Harris, '94,




I  2


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


I893-94 —F. W. Pine, '94,      I895-96-J. F. Thomas, '97,
C. J. Harmon, '94,     I896-97-H. M. Rich, '97,
D. F. Lyons, '94,              W. L. Mack, '97,
L. G. Seeley, '94,             K. E. Harriman, '98,
S. H. Perry, '94.              A. H. Zacharias, '98,
I894-95-F. H. Willits, '95,            H. M. Bowman, '98, '99 I.
J. H. Prentiss, '96,   1897-98-H. M. Bowman, '98, '99.
L. A. Pratt, '96,              H. M. Rich, '97,
C. C. Parsons, '96,            Butler Lamb, '98,
Harry Simons, '95.             S. E. Knappen, '98,
I895-96-L. A. Pratt, '96,              Katherine M. Brown, '98,
J. H. Prentiss, '96,           T. AI. Marshall, '98.
L. C. Walker, '96,
In February, 1892, appeared the first number of a new monthly
magazine, The Michigan Law Journal. Four more numbers were issued during that college year; and the publication still
continues. Ralph Stone, '92 /, H. D. Jewell, '91 /, and E. R.
Sutton, '9i /, were chiefly responsible for the institution of this
periodical, and for the conduct of it from  1892 to 1894.  The
Dental Journal, another monthly still extant, was started by
the students of the dental school, May i, 1892.  T he B u 11 e t i n,
the organ of the Students' Christian Association has been mentioned already (page 89).
The    Michigan     Alumnus,      a magazine   " published
monthly during the college year in the interests of the alumni and
old students of the University of Michigan "; made its first appearance in October, 1894. Alvick A. Pearson, '94, was the editor
and publisher.  The first number was a pamphlet of sixteen pages,
without a cover; but covers were provided for subsequent numbers.  The final number for the first year appeared in June, having united  with  itself  The   Commencement Annual.
There were 191 pages in the first volume.  One dollar a year was
and is the subscription price.   During the year I895-96, the
A  u m nu s continued under the management of Mr. Pearson, but
the third volume was edited by Louis A. Pratt, '96, Clifford G.
Roe, '99, and Allen P. Cox, 'oo, with Professor Demmon, '68, Professor Scott, '84, Gertrude Buck, '94, Duane R. Stuart, '96, and
George B. Harrison, '97 i, as " Department Editors ". This was
more ambitious than either of the preceding volumes; it contained
292 printed pages, and not a few illustrations.  Gradually the
magazine fought its way until it secured a fair measure of support.
In 1897-98 this periodical became the official paper of the Alumni
Association, the secretary of that society, James H. Prentiss, '96,
becoming Editor in Chief, with L. A. Pratt, '96, as Managing




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


II3


Editor, and Professor Scott as University Editor. The Department Editors are Professor Demmon, D. R. Stuart, '96, Jessie S.
Gregg, '98, Katherine Reed, '98, and F. S. Simons, '98.
T h e U. of M. Dail y, the origin of which was mentioned
in connection with The Chronicle (ante, page 107), first appeared on the morning of September 29, 1890. It was and is a
four-page sheet, four columns to a page, much of the space being
devoted to advertisements.  In the first volume there were 174
issues. The pages are not numbered, so that the volumes cannot
be indexed. At first the price was five cents a number, but now it
is three cents; and the annual subscription charge is $2.50. While
the initial volume was not a financial success, yet the management
persevered, and now the paper has an assured footing. Fourteen
anti-fraternity men constituted the first editorial board. In
i895-96 a rule giving a few editorships to members of fraternities.
was adopted. The following have served as editors:


H. M. Butzel, '9I,
W. E. Griffin, '9I,
M. B. Hammond, '91,
H. D. Jewell, '91 1,
W. B. O'Neill, '91 1,
H1. B. Shoemaker, '91,
C. C. Spencer, '91,
A. \V. 'ressler, '91,
A. H. Covert, '92,
S. W. Curtiss, '92,
W. B. Dellenback, '92,
R. W. Doughty, '92,
1. G. Erdlitz, '92 /,
F. D. Green, '92,
E. O. Holland, '92,
A. W. Jefferis, '92 1,
F. J. McElwee, '92,
F. E. Ruggles, '92 z1,
Ralph Stone, '92 1,
E. J. Blair, '93 /,
W. E. Bolles, '93,
C. A. Denison, 'q3,
G. B. Dygert, '93,
W. H. Evans, '93 /,
F. E. Janette, '93,
W. E. McEncroe, '93 1,
F. A. Manny, '93,
W. P. Parker, '93,
C. W. Southworth, '93,
C. N. Sowers, '93 in,
J. G. Spitzer, '93 1,
C. K. Stewart, '93 Z,
L. A. Strauss, '93,
E. K. Towl, '93,
L. G. Whitehead, '93,


Mary E. Alcott, '94,
J. R. Arneill, '94 in,
A. S. Bailey, '94 d,
Gertrude Buck, '94,
G. L. Chapman, '94,
H. B. Gammon, '94, '98 m,
R. F. Hall, '94,
C. G. Jenkins, '94 h/,
Lucia Kieve, '94,
A. W. Lockton, '94 /,
E. L. Martindale, '94 iz,
E. J. Ottaway, '94,
C. W. Ricketts, '94,
O. E. Scott, '94 /,
H. A. Spalding, '94,
J. C. Travis, '94,
Frank Walters, '94 /,
W. W. Wedemeyer, '94,
C. F. Weller, '94,
R. 0. Austin, '95,
Charles Baird, '95,
C. D. Cary, '95 /,
H. A. Dancer, '95,
E. L. Evans, '95 /,
C. M. Holt, '95,
J. L. Lorie, '95,
Mattie E. McFarland, '95,
J. S. Pearl, '95 1,
W. N. Choate, '96,
Norman Flowers, '96,
L. R. Ilamblen, '96 /,
H. D. Haskins, '96 lm,
G. M. Heath, '96p,
C. A. Houghton, '96 d,
J. A. Leroy, '96,




114


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


E. P. Lyle, '96,                 W. W. Hughes, '98,
L. A. Pratt, '96,                S. E. Knappen, '98,
F. P. Sadler, '96,               F. M Loomis, '98,
A. W. Smith, '96,                W. P. Morill, '98,
Carrie V. Smith, '96,            C. B. Roe, '98 nm,
S. R. Smith, '96 1,              H. B. Skillman, '98 /,
W. A. Spill, '96 7,              J. C. Walsh, '98 In,
W. W. Thayer, '96 1,              T. R. Woodrow, '98,
L. C. Walker,'96,                Allan Campbell. '99,
Harry Coleman, '97,              H. HI. Corwin, '99,
G. B. Harrison, '97 /,            Louise F. Dodge, '99,
W. A. Mogk, '97,                 R. C. Faulds, '99 nI,
Agnes Morley, '97,              -CLT-Ge,-'g;A. M. Smith, '97,                P. W. Jones, '99,
S. W. Smith, '97,                Cabot Lull, Jr., '99 im,
E. R. Sunderland, '97,           R. R. Reilly, '99,
J. F. Thomas, '97, '0oo,        Susannah 11. Richardson, '99,
Mary M. Thompson, '07,           G. E. Sherman, '99,
Frederick Engelhard, '98,        G. R. Sims, '99,
C. H. Farrell, '98,              I. A. Campbell, 'oo,
J. S. Finley, '98,               G. D. Hudnutt, 'oo,
F. A. Fucik, '98,                Butler Lamb, 'oo,
E. L. Geismer, '98 /,            A. H. McDougall, 'oI.
O. H. Hans, '98, 'oo /,
Friday, October I3, 1893, saw   the first issue of Wrinkle,
Michigan's humorous bi-weekly.      William  E. Bolles and H. H.
Smith, both of '95, conceived the idea, and George W. Harris
suggested the name.    A stock company was
-..... S-     formed, under the auspices of which the first
A/  -.!. number, a twelve-page affair, was issued; and
in spite of many discouragements, financial
a~:- ~i    and otherwise, the paper has appeared regularly every two weeks-except in vacation
I*d     ^^   | itime-since the doubly inauspicious day of
its birth.  Sixteen pages, including the cover,
now make up each regular number, but twenty
are assigned to each of the issues representing Thanksgiving, Christmas, Junior Hop,
C. K. ADAMS, '6X.
C.  D S, '6.  Decoration   Day, and Commencement.         At
the head   of  the  editorial page   appears the   motto "Enjoy
life while you live, for you will be a long time dead". Most
of the jokes are new and good, many of the illustrations are
excellent, and on the whole Wrinkle may be said to be a very
creditable publication.  Wagner's cover designs and other illustrative work did much for the magazine during its early years.
Following is the roll of editors:


W. E. Bolles, '95,
H. H. Smith, '95,


J. L. Lorie, '95,
R. L. Wagner, '95,




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


II5


H. A. Williams, '94,           J. E. Lawless, '98,
G. W. Harris, '94,             C. B. Parsons, '99,
H. C. Ryan, '93,               E. J. Bement, '97,
M. W. Campau, '96,             G. B. Harrison, '97 /,
H. R. Kellogg, '95,            C. M. Green, '99,
Frank Briscoe, '95,            Standish Backus, '99,
A. M. Smith, '97,              Lafayette Young, Jr., 'oo,
K. E. Harriman, '98,           F. L. Baxter, 'oo,
S. E. Galbraith, '95,          J. S. Symons, 'oo,
G. R. Barker, '98,             R. C. Woodworth, 'oo,
F. H. Petrie, '96,             G. S. Benson, Jr., 'oo,
W. A. Starrett, '97,           R. R. McGeorge, '99,
E. H. Humphrey, '97,           H. C. Thurnau, '99,
H. M. Bowman, '98, '99 /,      C. M. Bush, '99 l,
Norman Flowers. '96 1,         F. D. Eaman, 'oo,
Edward Ferry, '96 1,           J. A. Bardin, '99 /,
J. H. Harris, '98,             F. R. Blair, 'oI.
Fifty-seven years ago William E. Robinson, a charter-member
of Psi Upsilon at Yale, and afterwards a representative in Congress from one of the Brooklyn districts, edited and published
The Yale Banner, the prototype of the student annuals now
issued at every college of note in America. Yale's example was
followed slowly by other institutions.  Michigan came into the
field earlier than most others, and like all other annuals published
before I860 our first attempt was a newspaper sheet.  This was
The University Register, an affair of four pages-the page
measuring twelve inches by sixteen and three-fourths-and it
appeared in June, I857. John Payne, '58, and Alexander Richard, '58, got up the paper on their own account.      In The
Register one finds the names of the regents and professors, and
of the graduates and students, and also lists of the members of
the literary societies and of the secret clubs.  Each of the fraternity rolls is accompanied by a cut of the badge.  Of the secret
societies Chi Psi comes first with twenty-nine alumni and twelve
students, while Beta Theta Pi has twenty graduates and twentyone undergraduates, Alpha Delta Phi forty-one and nineteen
respectively, Delta Kappa Epsilon seven and twenty-five, and
Delta Phi one alumnus and eleven students.   According to The
Register the alumni of the literary department numbered I73,
and the medical graduates I86.   Of the 396 students 234 were
academic, I40 medical, and twenty-two chemical.      Upon the
whole The Register was much like the early sheets printed at
Yale, Amherst, Williams, and Kenyon. It was followed by a similar sheet, The Peninsular Phoenix, which Edward W.
McGraw, '59, one of the leading members of the Bar of San




II6


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Francisco, mentions in an account-written for this book-of the
origin of The University Palladium:
" In I857-58, S. D. Green, now (by catalogue) of Berlin Falls, N. H., then
an Alpha Delta Phi of class of '60, and a printer, got up a little ill-looking sheet
printed and published by himself, the name of which I have forgotten, devoted to
college matters, and containing lists of members of secret societies. In I859 I
thought it disgraceful that the University of Michigan could not show something
better in the shape of a society catalogue, and I endeavored to get the secret societies to unite in getting up one. Then secret society feeling ran very high and it
was impossible to effect any combination for any purpose. But having started in
on the matter, I would not give it up, and published the first and second numbers
of The Pal ladium at my own cost and as a private enterprise. In the first
number I paid for all the cuts of the badges that appeared. I furnished cuts only
for the societies friendly to Alpha Delta Phi. I don't know how many cuts I did
furnish-I think for Alpha Delta Phi, Chi Psi, Beta Theta Pi, and Sigma Phi, possibly Delta Phi also. For the second number I think the other societies furnished
their own cuts. It was a lively paper while I ran it, and the fun of it compensated
me for the few dollars I lost as publisher. Only two numbers were published under
my supervision-alike as to size".
The first number of The Palladium        in pamphlet form appeared at the close of the college year I859-60.        It contains
twenty-four pages within a cover of white, glazed paper, and carries these words in bronze-gilt within a three-lined border:  "The
University   Palladium.   University   of   Michigan, Commencement day, June 27, 1860. Vol. II No. 2, Published by the
Secret Societies.  Ann Arbor:     Michigan Argus Print.     i860 ".
Then follows a page with this:    "Secret Societies.   Arranged in
the Order of their Establishment ".   Upon the title page the names
of the seven editors appear.  The third page and the fourth page
are taken up with a preface signed by W. Jesse Buchanan, and toward the bottom of the fourth page are given the names of the
members of the " Publishing Committee ", Walter McCollum        and
H. M. Utley.    This number of Th e Palladium         was preceded
by an earlier sheet in the autumn of 1859.      With the fifth page
begin the membership lists of the seven secret societies which
joined in publishing the book, Chi Psi coming first.   Each fraternity has a page by itself, and each is typified by a wood-cut vignette.  Chi Psi uses its well-known and effective device, a white
cross overlaid with the monogram of the society's letters and surrounded by a circle of light within dark clouds.   Beta Theta Pi is
characterized by a circle inscribed in a triangle around which are
clouds. Alpha Delta Phi and D. K. E. exhibit their coats-of-arms;
Delta Phi shows an enlarged badge lying upon a scroll; Sigma Phi
presents a fac-simile of its badge, and Zeta Psi employs the monogram and scroll device which has done duty at many other col



STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


I 1 7


leges. After the seven fraternities follows a mock society, the
Lambda Beta Delta. 
Of course The Palladium     for i86o contained the names
of the Regents and a roll of the Faculty.  Then follow the class
lists (class officers not given), the officers and members of the three
literary societies, the officers of the Society of the Alumni, College
awards (the holders in the class of '63 of the four scholarships in
those times awarded to freshmen), the officers of the Students' Lecture Association and of the Students' Christian Association, the
names of a musical sextette, eight lines of type with reference to
sundry jovial students, and the programme of Commencement
Week. That is all.
The Palladium     of i860-6i carries on its cover of glazed
white paper the words " University of Michigan " in a curve above
the numerals " I860-6I ", all in blue ink.  It bears on its title
page the date December, I860, and contains forty-eight pages.
Class officers and class seals are given, there are literary societies
in every department, and the number of miscellaneous organizations is greatly increased.
In The Palladium of
December, I86I, we find a
four-page editorial, a memorial on the decease of
Phi Phi Alpha, and a list 
of students in the Army,
which list is repeated and
i862-63, and again in the
volume for i863-64.   In
The    Palladium     for                -
I864-65 are two original
HOMCEOPATHIC HOSPITAL.
songs, the results of an
offer of a prize of ten dollars; and a well-written article about
societies at Harvard appeared in the issue of I867-68.  In later
years songs, sketches, poems, and illustrations were numerous.
In 1883-84 T h e P a 11 a d i u m appeared with stiff card-board
covers, and since then the intention has been to provide a permanent binding every year. The most unique and at the same time
most objectionable covering was the untanned and malodorous
leather which enwrapped the annual of '89. This volume, at which
much fun was poked, also set the bad example of departing from




1I8


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


the established and convenient octavo form; and it was followed by
the edition of 1889-90, which was oblong in shape. From 1891
until the close of the series a quarto form was adopted. The price
of the publication gradually increased from twenty-five cents in
i860 to thirty-five in I873, to fifty in the early eighties, and finally
to one dollar.
After the thirty-seventh annual volume of T h e P a 11 a d i u m
had appeared the undergraduates wisely decided to combine with
it the annual of the Independents and the annual of the senior lawclass; but unfortunately they decided to adopt a new title, instead
of giving to the consolidated book the name of the oldest of the
publications which it displaced. An account of the editorial boards
of The Palladium will now be given.
After the issue of June, i860, this annual continued to be
edited by the seven secret societies which had been established in
the University prior to i860. But in I865 Psi Upsilon, organized
by fourteen of the fifteen undergraduate members of Beta Theta
Pi, took a place on the board, and the remaining member acted as
editor for a chapter consisting solely of himself. To the board for
1864-65 was added a delegate from Alpha Phi, the law-school society. In the following year Beta Theta Pi had an editor for the
five initiates of foreign chapters who were at work in the professional schools; and in place of the Alpha Phi editor appeared an
envoy from the newly founded Phi Delta Theta. In 1866-67, Beta
Theta Pi disappeared, and was not again represented upon the
board until 1879. However, the number of editorial chairs which
had been nine since the graduation of the class of '64, was preserved,
Kappa Phi Lambda being given a seat. The society editorships in 1867-68 were the same as those for the preceding year.
Kappa Phi Lambda dropped out in 1868-69, and Phi Delta Theta
lost its place in 1869-70. From 1869 to 1872 the secret societies
numbered only seven, and there were seven editors each year.
Phi Delta Phi, the law-school fraternity, was given room in 1872.
No further change occurred until I875, when the demise of Delta
Phi reduced the board to seven. In that year a new society, Delta
Tau Delta, was refused representation under a rule which required
three years' continuous existence at Ann Arbor as a condition precedent to participation in editorial labors. In 1878-79 Beta Theta
Pi was re-admitted, and Phi Kappa Psi was admitted, those societies having complied with the condition already mentioned; but
Delta Upsilon, not being a secret society, was not allowed to have




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


II9


an editor. Sigma Chi, established in the law department in I877,
gained representation in I879-80, and Delta Tau Delta, having
succeeded in living for three consecutive years, and having published during its probationary period a little four-page account of
itself, was rewarded in 1882-83 by Palladi u m honors. With
the organization of several professional fraternities, to say nothing
of sundry sisterhoods, it became evident in 1883 that the editorial
board would soon become too large, even with the beneficial three
year rule in force, and the constitution of T h e P a 11 a d i u m was
changed so as to confine the management of this annual to the nine
collegiate secret fraternities and to such others as should secure
unanimous approval. Of course such approval was hard to get,
for exclusive association with the old societies was a valuable franchise which the younger members of the nine were not anxious to
share with still newer rivals. So from 1884 until after 1892 Th e
P a 1 a diu m was conducted by nine societies and by nine only.
In time other societies so multiplied that threats of a rival annual
were heard, and it was decided to let down the bars. For "secret
societies " in the fundamental law of T h e Palladiu m, and on
the title-page of the annual itself, the word " fraternities " was substituted, thus giving Delta Upsilon a chance; and Phi Delta Theta,
Phi Gamma Delta, Alpha Tau Omega, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, and
Theta Delta Chi, were admitted also. Subsequently the demise of
Alpha Tau Omega and Phi Gamma Delta reduced the board to
thirteen members. The roll of editors follows:


i858-59-E... McGraw, '59,
1859-6o-W. N. LaDue, '60,
W. J. Buchanan, '60,
H. M. Utley, '6r,
Walter McCollum, '6I,
A. C. Jewett, '62,
S. S. Walker, '6I,
0. E. Fuller, '60.
I86o-6I-C. K. Adams, '6I,
C. S. Draper, '62,
J. H. Goodsell, '62,
J. S. Lord, '6I,
A. C. Jewett, '62,
L. H. Redfield, '63,
S. G. Morse, '61.
I861-62-C. E. Wilbur, '64,
T. H. Hurd, '62,
R. H. Baker, '62,
W. E. Ambruster, '62,
C. B. Wood, '62,
C. W. Noble, '63,
L. S. F. Pilcher, '62.


I862-63-H. M. Hurd, '63,
J. C. Hart, '64,
L. T. Farr, '63,
L. L. Barbour, '63,
H. E. Duncan, '65,
E. D. W. Kinne, '64,
H. L. Wright, '64.
I863-64-W. J. Maynard, '65,
Schuyler Grant, '64,
W. D. Hitchcock, '64,
S. C. Stacy, '64,
W. J. Booth, '64,
0. P. Bills; '65,
B. F. Stage, '66.
I864-65-E. C. Boudinot, '65,
Andrew Wing, '65,
C. M. Goodsell, '65,
S. B. Ladd, '65,
G. W. Crutcher, '66,
G. B. Remick, '66,
G. W. Hunt, '66.
J. B. Root, '65,




120


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


I864-65 —G. W. Seevers, '65 1.
I865-66-J. W. Remington, '66,
W. V. Richards, '67 1,
O. P. Dickinson, '66,
J. R. Blish, '66,
Henry Smith, '66,
H. P. Churchill, '67,
L. P. Judson, '67,
A. E. Mudge, '66,
G. C. Harris, '66.
I866-67-T. M. Shaw, '68,
Charles Quarles, '68.
E. W. Wetmore, '67,
E. S Johnston, '68,
H. N. French, '67,
J. M. Darnell, '67,
G. L. Maris, '67,
J. C. Magill, '68,
W. W. Belville, '68.
i867-68-L. P. Tarlton, '68,
R. N. Jenne, '68,
E. C. Burns, '68,
B. J. Clay, '68,
J. M. Stout, '68,
W. K. Anderson, '68,
Galusha Pennell, '68.
J. G. Magill, '68,
O. H. Dean, '68.
i868-69-C. W. Durham, '69,
W. C. Johns, '69,
A. E. Wilkinson, '69,
B. L. C. Lothrop, '69,
W. A. Butler, '69,
E. M. Avery, '7I,
M. B. Kellogg, '69,
J. W. Johnson, '70.
1869-70-M. A. A. Meyendorff, '70,
W. R. Day, '70,
H. P. Davock, '70,
E. H. Jones, '72,
C. P. Gilbert, '70,
W. A. Kingsley, 70 Z,
L. B. Swift, '70.
I870-7I —J. L. Gillespie, '71,
C. M. Wilkinson, '7I,
A. B. Raymond, '7I,
Addison Millard, '73,
H. C. Willcox, '71,
M. W. Latson, '71,
E. J. Knight, '7I.
I871-72 —W. H. Wells, '73,
D. C. Rexford, '72,
W. H. Hinman, '72,
L. B. Parsons, '72,
C. B. Lothrop, '72,
J. E. Ensign, '74,
W. T. Underwood, '72.
1872-73-S. T. Douglas, '73,
H. O. Perley, '73,


I872-73-A. G. Bishop, '73,
G. H. Jameson, '74,
F. H. Walker, '73,
J. S. Richardson, '74,
George Rust, '73,
S. E. Kemp, '73 /.
i873-74-E. C. Hinman, '74,
C. MI. Lungren, '74,
E. W. Withey, '74,
G. IS. Jameson, '74,
C. R. Wing, '74,
H. T. Thurber, '74,
C. A. \Warren, '75,
L. E. Morris, '74 I.
I874-75-A. L. Arey, '75,
E. R. Hutchins, '75,
W. S. Russel, '75,
G. E. Pantlind, '75,
C. O. Ford, '75,
I1. C. Ford, '75,
S. W. Smith, '75,
G. E. Putnam, '75 l.
I875-76-E. C. Swift, '76,
C. L. Van Pelt, '76,
Bryant Walker,,76,
A. W. Hard, '76,
B. B. Campbell, '76,
C. W. 'H. Potter, '76,
J. P. Dunn, Jr., '76 1.
I876-77-E. H. Guyer, '77,
W. B. Ferris,,77,
E. A. Gilbert, '77,
A. W. Hard, '77,
C. A. Bosworth, '77,
V. J. Tefft, '77,
W. S. Judy, '77.
I877-78-W. V. Grove, '78,
T. H. Noble, '78,
Ross Wilkins, '75,
M. B. Alien, '78,
J. H. Black, '78,
D. H. Stringham, '78,
B. F. Bower, '78 /.
I878-79-E. A. Christian, '79,
E. C. White, '79,
J. R. Russel, '79,
W. T. Hall, '79,
W. L. Axford, '79,
Oren Dunham, '79,
C. E. Epler, '79 /,
W. F. Bryan, '79,
J. W. McKinley, '79.
i879-80-W. W. Hannan, '80,
F. F. Reed, 'S8,
C. H. Campbell, '8o,
R. H.McMurdy, '80o,
C. S. Mitchell, '80,
C. C. Whitacre, '80,
A. J. Babcock, '80 /,




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


121


I879-8o-D. A. Garwood, '80.
H. M. Pelham, '8I,
M. C. Miller '80 i.
I880-8I —M. K. Perkins, '81,
E. H. Bowman, '81,
F. C. Mandell, '81,
E. H. Ozmun, '82,
C. T. Brace, '8I,
C. H. Johnston, '8I,
G. S. Fuller, 'S 1,
0. F. Hunt, '81,
C. R. Buchanan, '81,
W. B. Stickney, 'SI 1.
I88I-82-J. H. Norton, '82,
W. E. Martin, '82,
H. S. Pratt, '82,
F. D. Weeks, '82,
T. W. Sargent, '82,
C. L. Coffin, '82,
J. W. Remick, '82 1,
J. H. Grant, '82,
F. G. Coldren, '82,
W. H. Hughes, '82 1.
1882-83-H. S. Ames, '83,
J. J. Comstock, '83.
H. A. Mandell, '83,
E. E. White, '83,
L. K. Merrill, '83,
John Morris, Jr., '83,
E. W. Parkhurst, '83 1,
Harry McNeal, '83,
J. H. Jennings, '83,
F. M. Gilmore, '83 /,
F. A Walker, '83.
I883-84-W. J. Abbott, '84 1,
William Savidge, '84,
W. B. Clapp, '84,
Elmer Dwiggins, '87,
H. F. Forbes, '84,
L. B. Hanchett, '84,
W. F. Word, '84,
L. A. Rhoades, '84,
J. L. Callard, '84.
I884-85 —D. C. Corbett, '85,
A. H. Williams, '85,
G. B. Sheehy, '85,
Delos Thompson, '85,
T. J. Ballinger, '87,
R. F. Eldredge, '85,
T. C. Phillips, '85,
J. V. Denney, '85,
A. G. Pitts, '85.
I885-86-R. H. Hunt, '86,
A. F. McEwan,
L. E. Dunham, '86,
F. W. Job, '87,
E. C. Pitkin, '86,
F. B. Wixson, '86,
H. G. Hetzler, '86,


i885-86-F. B. Hollenbeck, '86,
E F. Saunders, '86.
I886-87-W. A. Blakeley, '87,
J. E. Carpenter, '87,
G. L. Canfield, '87,
J. D. Hibbard, '87,
M. W. Mills,
J. E. Ball, '87,
W. T. Smith, '87,
Joseph Halsted, '87,
G. L. Kiefer, '87.
I887-88-A. B. Clark, '88,
M. M. Mann, '88,
L. K. Comstock, '88,
G. R. Mitchell, '88,
G. J. Waggoner, '88,
T. H. Gale, '88,
D. K. Cochrane, '88,
F. C. Plain, '88,
F. D. McDonell, '88.
I888-89-G. B. Hayes, '89,
B. P. Bourland, '89,
H. W. Douglas, '89,
C. E. Rockwood, '89,
W. J. Beckley, '89,
O. F. Schmid, '89,
A. E. Rowley, '89,
H. T. Bannon, '89,
C. K. Eddy, '89.
889-9o —J. W. Anderson, '90,
H. M. Bates, '9o,
J. R. Angell, '90,
O. C. Smith, '90,
H. R. Seager, '90,
W. B. Ramsay, '9go,
R. K. Reilly, '90,
G. M. Ford, '90,
J. R. Kempf, 'go.
I89o-9I-H. T. Abbott, '92,
J. M. Crosby, '91,
H. B. McGraw, '91.
T. H. Hinchman, Jr., '91,
R. C. Thayer, '91,
F. R. Ashley, '9I,
P. E. Stillman, '91,
J. R. Effinger, Jr.,
W. J. Hinkson, '9I.
I891-92-W. W. Cheney, '92,
D. W. McMorran, '92,
H. C. Bulkley, '92,
Fitzhugh Burns, '92,
F. L. Sherwin, '92,
W. R. Murray, '92,
H. W. Hawkins,,'92,
F. C. Smith, '92,
A. C. Lewerenz, '91.
I892-93-G. McA. Tyng, '93,
F. P. Graves, '93,
R. G. Lathrop, '93,




122


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


I892-93-E. C. Peters, '93,          1894-95 —J. H. Dunbar, '95,
C. W. Stratton, '92,                N. T. Bourland, '95,
E. ). Babst, '93,                   A. C. Bloomfield, '95,
Frank Rich, '93,                    Jerome Ingersoll, '95,
J. J. Morsman, '93,                 B. F. McLouth, '95,
I. W. Durfee, '93,                  E. C. Weeks, '95,
F. W. Callam, '92 1,                O. L. Spaulding, Jr., '95,
A. W. Hookway, '93,                 C. H. Morse, Jr., '95,
A.A. Pearson, '94,                  G. R. Slater, '95,
W. J. Fisher, '93,                  F. B. Richardson, '95,
A. J. Tuttle, '92,                  H. D. Mills, '95,
H. F. McGaughey, '93.               C. W. Foster, '95,
I893-94-J. F. Breakey, '94 I,                G. C. Keech, '95,
G. J. Cadwell, '94,                 Frank Brise '95.
T. P. Bradfield, '94,      I895-96-W. J. Cahill, '96,
Goldwin Starrett, '94,              F. H. Petrie, '96,
Frank W. Pine, '94,                 Kirke Lathrop, '96,
R. E. Jones, '94,                   M. W. Campau, '96,
L. J. Wentworth, '94,               L. C. Whitman, '96,
C. W. Sencenbaugh, '94,             F. W. B. Coleman, '96,
B. F. Hall, '94,                    W. H. Thorp, '96,
C. R. Rose, '94,                    J. H. Prentiss, '96,
Fred Waterhouse, '94,               G. F. Greenleaf, Jr., '96,
J. A. Whitworth, '94,               M. B. Hoyt, '96,
H. I. VanTuyl, '94,                 G. K. McMullen, '96,
L. B. Lindsay, '94 I.               J. D. Kennedy, '96 1,
R. C. Whitman, '94.                 L. A. Kreis, '96.
In i865-66 those students who were opposed to secret societies began   the publication    of The University Castalia.
From the preface of the first number of this annual the following
is taken:
"In the introduction of a new University publication, a plain exposition of
the cause is required, which we hope fairly and candidly to make. In I845 the
first Secret Society was established in the University. At that time, and once afterwards, the Faculty, or part of it, took strong grounds against them. The natural
result of course followed. All high-spirited young men, and those who disliked
the charge of toadyism, flew to the 'Secret Societies '. It only confirmed the
truth, that even a poor barren principle, irritated by the hard hand of authority,
gains a false glow which attracts votaries. 'Secret Societies,' therefore, until
within a few years, have held undisputed control. The few who did not belong
either from want of means or talent (though generally the former), were as badly
persecuted as the twelve fishermen who left their nets, and were called ' scum',
' paupers ', ' poor-house pets ', and other pleasing titles. But at length there came
those into the University who were willing to bear ridicule, if they could glorify
principle. Such men always command respect finally, and are magnets. In I863
they held the balance of power. The ' Secret Societies ' splitting into two parties,
the no longer 'scum', but courted and respected independent party, formed a
coalition upon equal terms, for two years. Respectability and power always win
followers: and hence last year they quietly but decidedly resumed the aggressive,
and swept the field in the college elections, forgetting not mercy. What our
strength is now the Casta li a shows as well as the Palladium. Our statements are not made in the spirit of boasting, although when we recall the taunts
and jeers of former years we can hardly refrain. We simply state facts however."
The Castalia for i865-66 contained fifty-two pages within
covers of blue paper.     There were five issues in all, with 288 pages.




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


I23


Except for the omission of the devices and membership lists of the
secret societies, and for the inclusion of arguments against such
societies, the contents of The Castalia were substantially the
same as those of the other annual. Whatever was said in opposition to secretism was couched in dignified language, and was clearly
and forcibly expressed. With the era of good feeling inaugurated
in I869, and with the graduation, in the classes of '68, '69, and '70,
of the leading opponents of the secret-society system, it became
doubtful whether an annual like The C a stali a could be sustained; so the number issued in 1870 was the last of the set.
The following were the editors and publishers from I865 to
I870:


r865-66 —T. E. McKeigan, '66,
P. B. Lightner, '67,
N. P. Garrettson, '68,
C. S. Fraser, '66,
Joseph H. Reid, '67,
F. M. Smith, '68.
iS66-67-W. J. English, '67,
E. E. Kane, '67,
I. N. Demmon, '68,
E. C. Lovell, '68,
Charles Woodworth, '69,
H. A. Chaney, '69,
J. A. Rollins, '67,
1867-68-J. B. Steere, '68,
T. C. Reynolds, '68,
H. A. Chaney, '69,
N. L. Guthrie, '69,
V. S. Lovell, '70,
G. E. Dawson, '70,
L. A. Foster, '7I,
D. W. Crouse, '68,
Samuel Hayes, '69,


I867-68-E. E. Darrow, '70,
I868-69-James DuShane, '69,
O. S. Vreeland, '69,
Charles Ballenger, '70,
C. M. Wells, '70,
P. C. Hudson, '71.
P. A. Randall, '7I,
L. H. Jennings, '72,
H. A. Chaney, '69,
W. B. Stevens, '70,
H. L. Gleason, '71,
O. D. McArdle, '72.
I869-70-C. S. Carter, '70,
Charles Ballenger, '70,
Charles Chandler, "7I,
G. E. Dawson, '70,
W. B. Millard, '7I,
W. A. Brooks, '72,
J. H. Emery, '73,
Roland Williams, '72,
D. H. Roe, '73.


In November, 1889, the anti-society interest determined to
publish an annual. For reasons by no means obvious the name
chosen for this new enterprise was T h e C a s t a1 i a n, and the first
number, which appeared in March, 1890, was called Volume V.
Except in the college year 1892-93, when the cuts intended for the
book were destroyed by fire, The Castalian was issued every
year until I896-97. By that time the unwisdom of having more
than one annual had become so obvious that a combination was
effected, as has been told in connection with the account of The
Palladium.    The six numbers of The Castalian were among
the most creditable of our undergraduate publications. They contained literary matter that was interesting and valuable, and they
were finely illustrated.  Of argument against fraternities they at



124


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


tempted nothing. Following are the editors of Th e Castalian:


i889-9o-E. L. Miller, '90,
R. E. Dunbar, '90,
Loretta Crissman, 'go,
H. B. Dewey, '90,
J. K. Freitag, '90,
J. A. C. Hildner, '90,
W. F. Hubbard, '90,
Ruth A. Willoughby, '90.
i890o-9i-W. E. Healy, '91,
Hudson Sheldon, 'g9,
Marguerite B. Cook, '91,
Clara M. Meiser, '9I,
Mary E. Butler, '9I,
Sallie A. Szold, '9I,
H. B. Shoemaker, '91,
M. B. Hammond, '91,
D. P. Shuler, '91,
W. B. Kelly, '9I,
R. P. Lamont, '91,
I891-92-Carl Schlenker, '92,
J. N. Hatch, '92,
W. A. Cutler, '92,
E. L. Allor, '92,
W. H. Dorrance, Jr., '92.
R. W. Doughty, '92,
H. D. Haskins, '92,
Hugo Pam, '92,
Helen A. Atkins, '92,
Alice E. Hatch, '92,
Julia Herrick, '92,
Ada Thomas, '92.
i893-94-E. J. Ottaway, '94,
S. H. Perry, '94,
D. B. Luten, '94,


I893-94-Richard Quinn, '94,
Marion Patton, '94,
F. A. Sager, '94,
H. H. Eymer, '94,
W. W. Wedemeyer, '94,
H. A. Spalding, '94,
D. F. Lyons, '94,
Irene Stewart, '94,
Marion Strong, '94,
Jeanette E. Caldwell, '94,
H. A. Williams, '94.
1894-95-H. R. Kellogg, '95,
S. B. Shiley, '95,
C. H. Duncan, '95,
F. D. Adams, '95,
H. A. Dancer, '95,
Alice Biester, '95,
R. 0. Austin, '95,
H. W. Wyckoff, '95,
P. W. Dykema, '95,
Edmond Block, '95,
Nellie J. Malarkey, '95,
Pearl L. Colby, '95,
Ann L. Richards, '95,
Lucia Kieve, '95.
i895-96-L. A. Woodard, '96,
F. R. Cutcheon, '96,
Annie L. Bacorn, '96,
C. A. Manning, '96,
W. H. Thompson, '96,
G. T. Lamont, '96,
Ada M. Cartwright, '96,
Charlotte E. Pickett, '96,
Ada Stewart, '96.


In 1873, Charles 0. Tattershall, '75 /, and John E. Weaver,
'75 m, "having seen and felt that the interests of the Law and
Medical Departments demanded something more than the pages of
The Palladium permitted, and knowing that the only way to
accomplish the ends desired was to publish an independent pamphlet devoted exclusively to those departments", put forth The
S a p p h i r e, a pamphlet of seventy octavo pages bound in covers
of blue paper. This was styled "Vol. i, No. i ", but there were
no more volumes or numbers. The publication was in the interest of the short-lived Phi Chi fraternity. Besides giving a good
representation of the departmental clubs and other organizations,
it attacked with great ferocity Phi Delta Phi and Zeta Psi, which
societies had been instrumental in excluding Phi Chi from The
Palladium. The book contains seventeen cuts which must be
seen to be appreciated.




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


125


In 1893 the senior class of the Law Department resolved to
imitate its name-sake of the college by issuing an annual.  This
was called To W i t:, and it appeared in the spring of 1894. It was
an exceedingly neat volume of 238 octavo pages bound in clothboards. Among the principal features of the book were a carefully annotated roll of the 289 members of the class, full accounts
of the different fraternities, literary societies, club courts, and
other organizations of the law school, portraits and sketches of the
members of the Faculty, and a list of " Representative Alumni ".
The editors were the following:


C. A. Denison, '94 /,
E. D. Babst, '94 /,
O. E. Scott, '94 /,
B. F. Wollman, '94 1,
F. C. Kuhn, '94 /,


E. W. Sims, '94 /,
G. W. Fuller, '94 /,
C. A. Park, '94 /,
Eugene Batavia, '94 /,
H. C. Walters, '94 Z.


In 1895 and again in t896 the senior law class published an
annual, but the name adopted in each year was Res Gestae.
Both books were very creditable. The editorial boards were:


IS94-95-D. F. Lyons, '95 /,
J. W. Bingham, '95 /,
W. M. Wheeler, '95 /,
W. O. McNary, '95 /,
S. C. Hubbell, '95 1,
W. A. Keerns, '95 /,
C. B. Henderson, '95 /,
W. W. Wedemeyer, '95 A,
H. G. Hadden, '95 /,
Lucien Gray, '95 /,
J. V. Rosencranse, '95 /,
T. F. Doyle, '95 /.


I895-96-H. R. Marlatt, '96 1,
E. S. Ferry, '96 /,
C. S. Turnbaugh, '96 1,
R. J. Covert, '96 1,
J. T. Harrington, '96 /,
D. B. Cheever, '96 /,
H. Y. Saint, '96 1,
E. L. Norris, '96 1,
H. W. Conner, '96 /,
M. R. Sturtevant, '96 /,
H. W. Barnes, '96 /,
C. P. Lund, '96 1.


The Michiganensian, a consolidation of The Palladium, The Castalian, and the Res Gestae, is put forth once
a year by the senior literary, law, and engineering classes. The
first volume, issued in April, 1897, is in octavo form, and contains
400 pages.  It has many excellent illustrations drawn by Standish
Backus, '98.  May 3, 1898, the second volume, a profusely illustrated quarto, appeared.  In neither of these books are the pages
numbered, so that indexes and also tables of contents are lacking.
Following is the roll of editors, the first name for each year being
that of the managing editor, while the second is that of the business manager:
I896-97-S. W. Smith, '97,      I896-97-Jennie P. White, '97,
E. H. Humphrey, '97,           A. H. Stoneman, '97,
H. M. Rich, '97,               R. R. Wiley, '97,
Katharyne G. Slenau, '97,      R. G. George, '97 /,




126


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


I896-97-C. H. Stearns, '97 /,  I897-98-Eva J. Hill, '98,
G. C. Bagley, '97 /,           Louise P. Weinmann, '98,
C. L. Moore, '97 /,            Robert Steck, '98,
J. R. Crouse, '97.             B. C. Dickinson, '98,
I897-98-T. R. Woodrow, '98,            J. H. Harris, '98,
E. L. Geismer, '98 /,          J. Q. Adams, '98 /,
F. S. Simons, '9S,             S. B. Haskin, '98 /,
M. W. Turner, '98,             W. E. Stowe, '98 /.
To the academic class of '69 we are indebted for a magazine
which has become one of the institutions of the University, and
which is now the oldest of all the student publications at Ann
Arbor.  March 9, 1867, the first number of The Oracle, an
eight-page sheet measuring eight by ten inches, made its appearance as the annual representative of the sophomore class.  Butler,
Chaney, Kerr, Waterloo, and      Wilkinson,
/,           I all prominent men of '69, were the editors.
By the class of '70 the paper was enlarged to
sixteen pages.  Under the auspices of '75 a
pamphlet of fifty pages, bearing the seal of
K,  A  the class on its paper cover, was issued. The
sophomores of '82 decided not to publish this
annual, "thus saving themselves", said The
Chronicle, "considerable trouble, and
conferring an appreciated blessing on mankind". But the action of '82 has not been
imitated  by any later class, so that The
ACTING-PRESIDENT
HUTCHINS, 71.   Oracle of 'o is the forty-second of the
HUTCHINS, l7 I.
series.  Recent issues contain about Ioo pages
with illustrations.  The reading matter relates to the sophomore
class and its organizations, and includes short stories, bits of
verse, and "grinds".
At first consisting of five men, the editing board of The
Oracle now includes twice that number.     Society interests are
involved in the selection of editors for this as for every other
student publication.  When the class of '95 met to elect a board,
a resolution that there should be ten editors, five from the societies
and five from the neutrals, one of each class to be a woman, was
adopted.  Then a member of one of the nine so-called Palladium
fraternities named four candidates as "nominees of a fraternity
caucus".   To the surprise and grief of the Palladium combination, four representatives of the societies not included in the
Palladium  group were nominated and elected.    In consequence
The Oracle for I895 was "boycotted" by two of the larger




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


127


Palladium fraternities, and the sales were not so large as they
would have been under other circumstances.  Following is the
roll of the editors of The Oracle:


W. S. Waterloo, '69,
W. A. Butler, Jr., '69,
H. A. Chaney, '69,
T. F. Kerr, '69,
A. E. Wilkinson, '69,
G. E. Dawson, '70,
G. T. Campau, '70,
C. S. Carter, '70,
T. C. Christy, '70,
G. C. Wattles, '70,
E. E. Darrow, '70,
V. S. Lovell, '70,
Frank Emerick, '70,
E. M. Avery, '71,
H. L. Gleason, '71,
E. L. Marks, '71,
R. E. Phinney, '7r,
C. A. Rust, '71,
R. M. Wright, '7r,
George Colt, Jr., '72,
W. H. McKee, '72,
C. K. Turner, '72,
O. D. McCardle, '72,
J. J. Mapel, '72,
M. M. Ward, '72,
V. M. Spalding, '73,
R. S. Gross, '73,
S. R. Peabody, '73,
M. T. Keenan, '73,
J. H. Emery, '73,
C, L. Doolittle, '73,
P. B. Gorman, '74,
F. A. Maynard, '74,
J. C. Knowlton, '74,
T. H. Johnston, '74,
D. A. Matthews, '74,
J. D. Warner, '74,
W. T. Belfield, '75,
W. G. Doty, '75,
Lorenzo Davis, Jr., '75,
E. H. Smith, '75,
W. H. Potter, '75,
F. A. Platt, '75,
Emma S. Stockbridge, '76,
Louisa M. Reed, '76.
A. C. Stevens, '76,
H. M. Campbell, '76,
C. W. Wooldridge, '76,
C. A. Marshall, '76,
J. C. Floyd, '76,
G. A. Cady, '77,
W. J. Gray, '77,
Octavia W. Bates, '77,
W. R. Roberts, '77,


Sarah George, '77,
G. N. Orcutt, '77,
L. S. Smith, '77,
William Carpenter, '77,
G. H. Harrower, '78,
G. F. Foster, '78,
H. B. Walmsley, '78,
Annie S. Peck, '7S,
Cora I. Townsend, '78,
S. D. Walling, '78,
George W. Knight, '78,
A. C. Angell, '78,
F. S. Bell, '79,
J. P. Brown, '79,
T. C. Green, '79,
H. W. Ashley, '79,
F. D. Mead, '79,
Newton McMillan, '79,
R. T. Chandlee, '79,
W. F. Bryan, '79,
David Felmley, '80,
P. B. Loomis, Jr., '80,
C. C. Whitacre, '80,
C. S. Mitchell, '80,
A. B. Pond, 'So,
F. F. Reed, 'So,
B. S. Waite, '80,
J. H. Willard, '80,
E. H. Bowman, '8I,
G. H. Fletcher, '8I,
H. H. Kingsley, '81,
H. M. Pelham, '8I,
F. C. Robbins, '8I,
C. T. Thompson, '8I,
C. A. Towne, '8I,
J. D. Wilson, 'SI,
F. J. Jennison, '83,
J. T. Winship, '83,
John Morris, Jr., '83,
C. T. Wilkins, '83,
T. W. Peers, '83,
F. A. Walker, '83,
H. E. Tinsman, '83,
C. D. Willard, '83,
Hugh Brown, '84,
W. B. Chamberlain, '84,
D. U. Fairbanks, '84,
A. E. Miller, '84,
Edmond Palmer, '84,
F. N. Scott, '84,
F. C. Wagner, '84,
A. H. Williams, '84,
J. W. Maish, '84,
L. M. Dennis, '85,




128


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


F. F. Bumps, '85,
F. K. Ferguson, '85,
W. J. Gregory, '85,
A. G. Pitts, '85,
R. S. Dawson, '8,
Ellis Goddard, '85,
R. C. Peters, '85,
J. E. Burchard, '86,
E. F. Demmon, '86,
W. A. McAndrew, '86,
A. F. McEwan, '86,
O. B. Taylor, '86,
G. W. Whyte, '86,
F. T. Wright, '86,
Sarah E. Satterthwaite, '96,
Eliza P. Underwood, '86,
J. E. Duffy, '87,
F. E. Beeman, '87,
J. W. Case, '87,
J. D. Hibbard, '87,
E. A. Hoover, '87,
Charles Hudson, '87,
A. J. Covell, '87,
J. B. Thomas, Jr., '87,
L. G. Townsend, '87,
Moritz Rosenthal, '88,
G. L. Bolen, '88,
F. S. Arnett, '88,
L. K. Comstock, '88,
F. W. Hawks, '88,
D. E. Heineman, '88,
M. M. Mann, '88,
J. C. McNaughton, '88,
Honta B. Smalley, '88,
Elsie Jones, '88,
W. W. Parfet, '89,
W. R. Antisdel, '89,
C. S. Hyde, '89,
D. B. Gann, '89,
A. E. Jennings, '89,
W. S. Holden, '89,
F. B. Spaulding, '89,
H. C. St. Clair, '89,
Clarissa S. Bigelow, '89,
Lillie E. Rosewarne, '90,
L. J. Richardson, '90,
E. L. Miller, '9o,
Faith Helmer, '90,
L. E. Torrey, '9o,
E. F. Gay, '90,
E. B Conrad, 'go,
W. D. Ball, '90,
E. M. Coolidge, '90,
Alice H. Damon, '9o,
G. H. Snow, '9o,
P. E. Stillman, '91,
Bertha E. Pritchard, '9I,
R. C. Thayer, '91,
A. S. Butler.b.L,,


Jacob Lowenhaupt, '91,
R. T. Holland, '91,
Eda M. Clark, '91,
L. L. Munn, Jr., '91,
T. H. Walker, '91,
W. J. L. Lyster, '92,
H. C. Bulkley, '92,
May Carpenter. '92,
Fitzhugh Burns, '92,
A. C. Gormley, '92,
C. P. McAllaster, '92,
Wilhelm Miller, '92,
A. C. Rogers, '92,
S. M. Trevellick, '92,
Lulu B. Southmayd, '92,
H. A Friedman, '92,
W. J. Currer, '93,
Margaret I. Cahill, '93,
F. H. Smith, '93,
W. P. Parker, '93,
F. E. Janette, '93,
S. S. Harris, '93,
H. H. Denham, '93,
W. B. Ward, '94,
D. F. Lyons, '94,
Mabel E. Holmes, '94,
Florence E. Wolfenden, '94,
W. B. Canfield, '94,
C. W. Sencenbaugh, '94,
H. H. Sharpless, '94,
R. V. Friedman, '94,
D. B. Luten, '94,
W. E. Bolles, '95,
H. H. Smith, '95,
Myra M. Post, '95,
Isabel A. Ballou, '95,
H. M. Cox, '95,
C. W. Foster, '95,
M. W. Neal, '95,
C. E. Wakefield, '95,
F. H. Willits, '95,
H. B. Hoyt, '95,
L. A. Pratt, '96,
J. H. Prentiss, '96,
Florence R. Jones, '96,
Norman Flowers, '96,
S. IH. Woodard, '96,
E. R. Harrington, '96,
Maud I. Cooley, '96,
J. H. Deitz, '96,
J. Earl Brown, '96,
A. K. R. Hutchinson, '97,
E. H. Humphrey, '97,
R. C. Whitman, '97,
'WTE7.T;ayor, '97,
H. C. Jackson, '97,
R. L. Dean, '97,
E. P. Lamont, '97,
C. 0. Cook, '97,




STUDENT PUBLICATIONS


I29


Belle L. Otis, '97,              H. T. Griswold, '99,
Stella Westcott, '97,            C. B. Hole, '99,
G. C. Shirts, '98,                Mary H. S. Hudson, 99,
R. E. Wisner, '98,               J. B. Pell, '99,
Hellen E. Ramsdell, '98,         G. R. Sims, '99,
Winifred Beman, '98,             C. W. Whitney, '99,
S. B. Coolidge, '98,             I. A. Campbell, 'oo,
Harry Helfman, '98,              R. C. Woodworth, 'oo,
C. H. Farrell, '98,              Ada M. Safford, 'oo,
H. P. Treadway, '98,             Anna Daley, 'oo,
D. H. Trowbridge, '98,           E. S. Corwin, 'oo,
B. C. Dickinson, '98,            F. D. Eaman, 'oo,
M. B. Beattie, '99,              J. J. Walser. 'oo,
Allan Campbell, '99,             B. 0. Greening, 'oo,
C. E. Cartwright, '99,           S. P. Cobb, 'oo,
E. A. Davis, '99,                J.. Wood, 'oo.
Emilie A. Flintermann, '99, 
In June, I88i, The Commencement Annual, containing in two numbers, each a large single sheet, the addresses and
other literary exercises of Commencement week, was issued by a
few students. Similar numbers were emitted in June, 1882, and
in 1883 this annual was issued in pamphlet form. The publication is now merged in The Michigan Alumnus.
In I882-83 the feminine contingent-of the junior class published The Amulet, a pamphlet resembling The Oracle and
designed to defend the interests of the women students.   The editors of this annual-which has not had a successor-were Mary
Case, Isabella H. Hull, Jane Emerson, and Mary G. Taylor.
Another annual, T h e Te chnic, was started in 1884-85 by
the students in engineering.    It was-and     still is-issued  in
pamphlet form; and it is devoted to the technical problems which
interest civil engineers.




CHAPTER IX


STUDENT MUSIC
In American colleges the singing of distinctively student songs
is a custom of somewhat recent origin.  Not many of the college
songs-except those of German parentage-were composed before
I85o, although two or three of the fraternities have songs written
a few years earlier.  The first printed collection of secret-society
songs appeared in 1849, and the first book of Yale songs carries
the date I853. To German universities we owe the music of
" Integer Vitae," and both the words and the music of " Lauriger
Horatius."
One may trace in the annuals and other publications the gradual introduction of college singing into Michigan. T h e P a lladium for December, i860, says:    "Of all features in college
life which fix imperishable associations and bind indissolubly the
heart of friend to friend, we hail the advent of none with more
unqualified gratification than that of college songs ".  The same
paper adds:  "Although their adoption and use has not as yet
become entirely general, yet we predict for them universal favor:
-and we trust that the cordiality with which they shall be welcomed may in some measure atone for their tardy appearance
among us".    In The University Magazine for February,
1862, appears not merely a class ode for '62, but also "Ann Arbor
Litoria ", a song which enjoyed great popularity until the allusions
in it became obscure, and of which the first stanza and the chorus
read thus:
Ann Arbor is a jolly home;
Sweedle inktum bum.
We love it still where e'er we roam;
Sweedle inktum bum.
The very songs we used to sing,
Sweedle inktum hi ru sa,
In memory's echoes long shall ring,
Sweedle inktum bum.
CHORUS.-Litoria, litoria,
Sweedle inktum hi ru sa,
Litoria, litoria,
Sweedle inktum bum.




STUDENT MUSIC


I 3


The Palladium        for 1863-64    said   that the   University
should be able to boast of songs peculiarly its own.    "We have ",
wrote the editors, "many songs, and good ones too, but they are
all transformations from those of other colleges"; and the hope
was expressed that a precedent would be established in the next
number of the     annual.    Accordingly the editors     for I864-65
offered a prize of ten dollars for the best original song.      President Haven and Professors Frieze and Evans passed upon the
production offered; and they selected as of equal merit two songs,
one by Arthur H. Snow, '65, for the air of the "Marseillaise",
and the other by James K. Blish, '66.        The former used to be
sung at all the great festivals of the University, nor have we any
other song that takes its place.     It is in four stanzas and begins
with these lines:
Come, jolly boys, and lift your voices,
Ring out, ring out, one hearty song;
Praise her in whom each son rejoices,
And let the notes be loud and long.
'Tis Alma Mater wakes the spirit,
And prompts the strain of harmonyOh, sing to her triumphantly!
The glorious theme-do ye not hear it?
The chorus is:
Hurrah! Hurrah! ye sons
By Alma Mater blest!
All hail! All hail! her honored name,
The pride of all the West!
The other prize-song of i865 is entitled our college home,
and is-or was-sung to the same tune as "Upidee".          it has four
stanzas, which follow:
Come, throw your busy cares away,
And join us in our cheerful lay;
With many voices we'll prolong
The accents of our fav'rite songOf Upidee, etc.
Our University for fun,
She wins the love of every son,
And while our joyful hearts beat high,
We'll send our chorus to the skyOf Upidee, etc.
The poorest lad within the land
Receives the favors of her hand,
And those who come unto her door,
Will sing her praises evermoreIn Upidee, etc.




132


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The memories that linger here,
Shall ever live, our souls to cheer;
The very stars will brighter shine,
When linked with thoughts of thee and thineIn Upidee, etc.
Another song by Blish of '66 is "Quodlibet," sung to the tune
of "The Captain with his Whiskers."       It was a great favorite thirty
years ago, and appeared first in The Palladium            for 1865-66.
The opening verses of it are these:
'Tis September's golden month, when the opening is at hand,
That we watch the trains and registers, to see the Freshmen land.
There is stumpy Fresh and seedy Fresh, and Freshies short and tall,
The Freshman with the goggles, and the Fresh who wears a shawl.
Some are hopeful, some despondent, and a very knowing one
Asks you if it is a fact that the Prex now weighs a ton.
Oh, they all are model boys, study hard the whole day long,
Always go to chapel regular, and sing this little song;
"Oh, that will be joyful,
Joyful, joyful,
Oh, that will be joyful,
When young men sin no more.'
Richard S. Dewey, '69, won the prize offered by the Palladium Board of I868-69, his effort being in four stanzas entitled "Let Every Student Fill his Bowl."     The air is that of "Come,
Landlord, Fill Your Flowing Bowl." This was one of the popular
songs of the sixties and seventies.    The first stanza and the chorus
run thus:
Ann Arbor is the jolliest town
This side the broad Atlantic,
And holds enough fine-looking youths
To drive the girls all frantic.
Freshmen so verdant-green,
Soph'mores of pompous mien,
Juniors, for fun so keen,
And seniors so pedantic.
CHORUS-Let every student fill his bowl
With something not too strong, sir,
And pledge our Alma Mater's health,
And join this jovial song, sir.
Ann Arbor is the place, you know,
To which our warmest feelings flow,
We'll love it still where'er we go
And fate shall life prolong, sir.
An attempt to collect and publish the college and class songs
of Michigan has not been made.         Several of the verses sung in
earlier days at Ann Arbor are included in Waite's Carmina Colleg



STUDENT MUSIC


I33


ensia which was published in 1869; and individual classes, for example '73 and '75, have put in print collections of their favorite
songs.   In I889 appeared
a pamphlet entitled S ongs;,.... r. 
Bl u e,   the   words     by.
Charles Mo. Gaayley, '78,877 -and Fred N. Scott, '84 the
music by Professor Ao Afam
Stanley.   A second edition
containing   twenty songs 
was issued in March, 1890o.
First  in  the  book,   and                  Bl
un uestionably    the  mosti
rpopAular of all the songs of         DENTAL BUILDNG, 8a77 r g 
the Ufniversity, is "The
Yellow  and Blue," which is sung       to the air of Balfe's famous
"Pirate's Chorus."    The words of it are these:
Sing to the colors that float in the light;
Hurrah for the Yellow and Blue!
Yellow the stars as they ride thro' the night,
And reel in a rollicking crew;
Yellow the fields where ripens the grain,
And mellow the moon on the harvest wain;.
Hail!
Hail to the colors that float in the light;
Hurrah for the Yellow and Blue!
Blue are the billows that bow to the sun
When yellow-robed morning is due;
Blue are the curtains that evening has spun,
The slumbers of Phoebus to woo;
Blue are the blossoms to memory dear,
And blue is the sapphire, and gleams like a tear;Hail!
Hail to the ribbons that nature has spun;
Hurrah for the Yellow and Blue!
Here's to the college whose colors we wear;
Here's to the hearts that are true 
Here's to the maid of the golden hair,
And eyes that are brimming with blue!
Garlands of blue-bells and maize interwine;
And hearts that are true and voices combine;Hail!
Hail to the college whose colors we wear;
Hurrah for the Yellow and Blue!


10




I34


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The college cheer-modified to suit the metre-finds place in
the song "Rah! Rah."       There is also a "Cigarette Song," and
the alumni have a special hymn "The Star of Other Days."
One of the best songs in this collection is "Alma Mater
Mine," by Fred N. Scott.     The first stanza runs thus:
Thy voice is in the ears of men,
Thy finger points the way
To where the tender flush of dawn
Foretells the coming day.
Oh, guide them through the darkness, thou,
Nor hide thy face benignThe light of sunrise on thy brow,
O Alma Mater mine!
Some of these songs, for example "The Answer," "Witchery,"
"Morning Song," "Evening Song," and "Romeo and Juliet" are
subject to the criticism that they are not college songs, for they
have nothing to do with college life or college matters.   However
the delicious absurdity of "Romeo and Juliet" almost justifies the
inclusion of that song.   "Elixir Juventatis" by Professor Scott is
a drinking song at which the "prohibition" element need not
take offence.  The opening stanza of it runs thus:
A health! clink! clink! and now we drink
No juice of grape or grain,
But we sip forsooth, the wine of youth
That leaps from heart to brain;
We're young! We're young! let every tongue
Intone the choral hymn,
While memory swings her silent wings
Above each beaded brim.
Gayley's well known song "Birds of a Feather" begins with
the following lines:
O whiles we tell of rushes
O whiles we sing and sup,And sip the wine that flushes,
In Hebe's amber cup,
And toast the maid that blushes
And smiles, and then looks up,
And toast the maid that blushes,
And smiles, and then looks up!
The chorus is:
In sad or singing weather,
In hours of gloom or glee;
Birds of a feather
We haunt the same old tree,And sing, sing together,
O Michigan, of thee!


----- - -----




STUDENT MUSIC


135


"Ann Arbor" a song in the air of "Die Wacht am Rhein,"
has two stanzas, of which the first reads:
Ann Arbor, 'tis of thee we sing,
From thee our choicest blessings spring;
Accept the tribute of our song,
O Alma Mater, wise and strong.
We love thy classic shades and shrines,
We love thy murm'ring elms and pines;
Where'er our future homes shall be,
Our hearts, our hopes are all with thee.
One more of this collection should be mentioned here. This
is the song "Goddess of the Inland Seas" by Gayley.       The first
of the four stanzas has these verses:
Sing no more the fair Aegean,
Where the floating Cyclads shine,
Nor the honey'd slopes Hyblaean,
Nor the blue Sicilian brine,
Sing no storied realms of morning
Rob'd in twilight memories,Sing the land beyond adorning,
With her zone of inland seas.
Of the music which accompanies the Songs of the Yellow and
Blue it is enough to say that it was composed or arranged by Professor Stanley.  The collection as a whole is easily superior to the
song-book of any other college; and were four of the irrelevant
songs omitted from it and six of the older Michigan odes added to
it, we should have an admirable collection.   One of the results of
the excellent songs written by Professors Gayley and Scott was a
revival in college singing at Ann Arbor. A class formed in I889
for practicing the songs profited by the instruction of Professor
Stanley during that and the following year.
It must not be supposed that all the songs of Michigan are
included in the general book of college hymns or in the collection
which has received particular mention in these pages. Scattered
throughout The Palladium and The Castalian. are many
excellent verses, adapted for popular airs.    Among these is the
song " Universitas Michiganensium," which appeared in T h e C as -
talian for 1892. Frank W. Howe, '92, is the author, and the
tune for which it is intended is "Maryland, My Maryland."      Following is the first stanza:
Thy call has brought us to thy side,
Michigan, our Michigan.
We take the charge with loyal pride,
Michigan, our Michigan.




I36


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


We gladly pledge our vows with thee
Beneath the shadowing oak and pine
That guard the glory of our shrine,
Michigan, our Michigan.
In The Palladium     for 1859-60 mention is made of a
musical organization called "Les Sans Souci", composed of E.
D. Fiske, '60, Leader and Violin; E. N. Wilcox, '60, Violin; C. E.
McAlester, '6i, Flute; E. D. Nichols, '6i, Flute; Frederick Arn,
'6i, Guitar; W. J. Buchanan, '60, Guitar; and Caleb Parkinson,
'60, Violincello. An "Amateur Musical Club" composed of nine
members, and an "University Choir" of four persons, are catalogued in The Palladium   for I860-6I.  In the following year
the "University Choir" had eight members, and the class of '64
is credited with a "Sophomore Glee Club" composed of J. H.
Kidd, F. A. Buhl, William  Brewster, and J. D. Town. The
Palladium for 1862-63 mentions not any musical clubs; but the
same annual in 1863-64
tells of a "Junior Glee
Club" with five members,
and  of an   organization
called  the  "Sophomore
Aeolians ".  Names now
well known figure in these
hree??lg i  asocieties.  In 1864-65 the.he               K~  cl"Junior wGlee Club" adding a member, became the
"Senior Glee Club ". Also
in the class of '65 existed
the " Cremona Club" which
furnished instrumental music. Twelve members of '68 in their
sophomore year constituted the " Beethoven Society " which was
devoted both to vocal and to instrumental music. For the year
I866-67 there is no record of any musical club save only the
"Arion" a vocal quartette composed of R. S. Dewey, '69,
F. A. Dudgeon, '69, F. M. Smith, '68, and E. A. Kilbourne,
'68 em.
Three musical associations flourished in I867-68. These were
the "Amphionic" with seven members, the "Quintette Club" of
the class of '70, and the famous "I Minstrels" of '69, J. E. Hinman, Samuel Hayes, Jr., A. M. Hurty, W. C. Johns, and W. A.
Butler, Jr. In 1868-69 three of the secret societies, Alpha Delta




STUDENT MUSIC


i37


Phi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, and Psi Upsilon, had serenading clubs,
each composed of eight members.    These fraternity clubs, with
additions from other societies, were maintained, nominally at
least, for many years.
In 1867-68 the "University Glee Club" was organized. The
members of it were S. R. Winchell,,O. J. Campbell, J. A. Baldwin,
V. S. Lovell, T. H. Bush, J. S. Maltman, and Edwin Fleming, all
of '70, and W. J. Herdman of '72. This club in 1868-69 had
seven members, all of the class of '70, viz., J. A. Blackburn, T.
H. Bush, O. J. Campbell, G. E. Dawson, Edwin Fleming, V. S.
Lovell, and J. S. Maltman.  To it belongs the credit of starting a
new order of things at Ann Arbor, and of elevating and popularizing college songs.  In senior year the club gave a series of
concerts in different cities of the state, beginning at Jackson on
Friday, February 4.  More than one hundred students formed an
excursion party to attend the debut of the club, and we are
informed that the pleasure of the trip was enhanced by special
railroad accommodations and fine weather.  In reporting the concert The Jackson Citizen said:
"The Concert of the Glee Club of the University of Michigan, last night, was
a splendid musical treat. The members composing it have fine natural voices, in
the main, which they have well cultivated. That the large audience before them
was pleased was testified by repeated applause ".
The club gave in all twenty-six concerts with very satisfactory
results. Everywhere it met good audiences, and everywhere the
alumni were enthusiastic and hospitable. By wearing University
caps the glee club gave to some persons the impression that they
were members of a fire-company, while others took them to be
Arabs travelling with Forepaugh's circus.
Through the indirect influence of '70's glee club a "College
Choir" was formed in I869 which led acceptably the devotional
singing at chapel services.  In I870-71 the University glee club
was made up of juniors, and there was a sophomore club with ten
members. Then came a year of stagnation; the University glee
club became dormant; and The Chronicle, after noticing the
entire absence of musical organizations, declared that society singing and the "distressing paean of '73 " were the only choruses
heard.  In accordance with a suggestion of the college paper a
glee club was formed in every class, and the societies and classes
vied with each other in practicing college songs. The University
Sodality, devoted to instrumental music, was organized in I874,




i38


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


and in 1875 the University Glee Club was revived. The college
year 1876-77 was characterized by a renewal of interest in college
singing; meetings for practice were held frequently; and the Glee
Club made a successful tour, visiting Detroit, Jackson, and Eaton
Rapids. After 1878 the Club again became dormant.
In I878-79 the only musical association composed wholly of
students was the " University Orchestra", at the head of which was
L. J. Locy, '78. Five years later Harold Wilson, '82, '86 h, had
charge of the society. In 1884-85 it gave place to the " Chequamegon Orchestra", which continued to exist until the formation in
November, 1895, of the "University Band ", now a flourishing and
useful organization.
The University Glee Club was revived-this time effectuallyin 1884, and since that year it has been one of the most important of our student societies. It is supplemented by the University
Banjo Club, formed in I889-90, and by the University Mandolin
Club, organized in 1895-96. From i883 to I891 the Ladies' Amphion Club was one of the musical organizations of Michigan. For
six years each of the freshman classes has maintained a glee club
and a banjo club. The University Glee Club in 1890, accompanied by the University Banjo Club, visited several Michigan cities
and also Chicago, Madison, Minneapolis, and St. Paul, giving concerts which were very favorably received.  In I891-92 the annual
tour of the Glee and Banjo Clubs included St. Louis, Kansas City,
and Omaha, and in I896 the combined organization travelled as
far west as Salt Lake City.  The members of the Glee Club from
the final revival in I884 have been the following:
H. S. Ames, '85 1,              R. S. Smith, '88,
J. V. Denney, '83,              G. J. Waggoner, '88,
L. H. Dennis, '85,              F. D. Wiseman, '88p,
S. F. Hawley, '85,              J. E. Boyer, '89,
A. H. Williams, '85,            H. F. Briggs, '89 d,
A. A. Boyer, '86 Iz,            W. H. Dodge, '89 m,
Harold Wilson, '86 h,           W. C. Elliott, '89 m,
M. H. Clark, '87,               W. W. Harris, '89.
J. D. Hibbard, '87,             C. A. Howell, '89,
S. B. Hodge, '87,               E. L. McAllaster, '89,
S. K. Pittman, '87,             C. P. Taylor, '89,
J. B. Thomas, Jr., '87,          H. V. Winchell, '89,
E. S. Upson, '87, p,            C. T. Alexander, '90,
J. N. Blair, '88,               J. E. Ball, '90 /,
J. E. Carpenter, '88,            F. W. Crane, '90,
R. G. Cole, '88,                H. P. Geisler, '90 /,
S. H. Crowl, '88,               B. L. Green, '90,
D. E. Ewald, '88,               P. B. Herr, 90,
J. E. Hodge, '88,               C. E. Martzloff, '9op,
C. H. Perry, '88.                H. F. Pennington, Jr., '90 I,




STUDENT MUSIC


I39


O. C. Smith, '90,
A. J. Vantine, '9go,
J. 0. Ballard, '91 im,
A. M. Cross, '91 /,
J. A. Jameson, Jr., '91,
J. L. Mitchell, '91 /,
William Wilhartz, '91,
W. W. Morrison, p. g.,
Eleazer Darrow, '92,
E. H. Harriman, '92,
H. M. Joy, '92 im,
J. B. Miller, '92,
W. B. Rogers, '92,
E. B. Spalding, '92 d,
R. F. Thompson, '92 /,
W. E. Walter, '92,
E. H. Cheney, '93,
R. G. George, '93,
E. C. Peters, '93,
H. A. Leese, '93 /,
H. V. Richardson, '93,
W. L. Webster, '93 d,
D. R. Barlow, '94 /,
E. N. Bullock, '94,
Archibald Cattell, Jr., '94,
H. B. Gammon, '94,
W. W. Pepple, '94 /,
J. A. Pratt, '94 m,
A. J. Purdy, '94,
W. W. Woodbury, '94,
H. F. Worden, '94,
W. H. Andrews, '95,
J. E. Bland, '95,
Frank Briscoe, '95,
R. W. Dunn, '95.
H. I. Dunton, '95,
R. F. Flintermann, '95,
G. A. McCollum, '95,
L. S. McCreary, '95,
B. F. McLouth, '95,
G. D. Price, '95,
J. Reynolds, '95,
W. A. Spitzley, '95,


J. A. Stevens, '95,
J. B. Archer, '96,
Howard Bement, '96,
H. E. Bodman, '96,
A. G. Cummer, '96,
J. C. Davies, '96,
D. M. Ferry, Jr., '96,
C. F. Fitch, '96,
B. A. Gage, '96,
K. R. Miner, '96,
W. G. Povey, '96,
C. H. Snyder, '96,
Boone Gross, '97,
W. E. Janes, '97,
A. E. Maas, '97,
C. E. Mead, '97,
H. S. Snyder, '97,
R. H. Sutphen, '97.
E. F. Berger, '98 /,
C. J. Dovel, '98,
H. T. Harrison, '98,
C. E. Pease, '98,
C. D. Terrell, '98,
H. P. Treadway, '98,
H. B. Wetmore, '98,
T. R. Woodrow, 98,
E. C. Worden, '98,
A. H. Fiebach, '99,
P. R. Furlong, '99 d,
W. G. Law, '99 d,
W. M. McKee, '99,
S. I. Motter, '99 I,
W. C. Smith '99 /,
L. D. Verdier, '99,
H. S. Pingree, Jr., 'oo,
J. S. Symons, 'oo,
W. W. Talman, 'oo,
J. E. Watson, 'oo /,
A. M. Webster, 'oo m,
W. R. Wood, 'oo,
C. W. Aird, 'oI,
H. W. Hayes, 'oI.


The University Banjo Club has had these members:


P. R. Gray, '9o,
O. C. Smith, '90,
F. R. Ashley, '91,
J. O. Ballard, '91 z,
J. A. Jameson, Jr.., '91,
B. E. Page, '9r,
H. W. Booth, '92,
J. E. Ferris, '92,
J. B. Miller, '92,
A. D. Rathbone, Jr., '92,
G. C. Prentis, '92,
W. B. Rogers, '92,
E. L. Sanderson, '92,


H. E. Sauer, '92,
H. F. VanDeventer, '92,
C. C. Warden, '92,
H. P. Dodge, '93,
E. C. Peters, '93,
J. R. Sutton, '93,
R. F. Hall, '94,
Roger Sherman, '94,
Goldwin Starrett, '94,
J. B. Taylor, '94,
Adolph Tyroler, '94,
H. F. Worden, '94,
R. R. Case, '95,




140


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


B. S. Colburn, '95,
C. H. Conrad, '95,
R. F. Flintermann, '95,
A. H. Hunt, '95,
C. H. Morse, Jr., '95,
R. F. Hall, p. g.,
H. S. Barton, '96,
H. E. Bodman, '96,
R. D. Ewing, '96,
H. P. Hart, '96,
F. E. Miller, '96,
J. S. Pratt, '96,
W. W. Thayer, '96 /,
H. W. Cummings, '97,
F. S. Gerrish, '97,
A. F. Maitland, '97,
W. B. Rich, '97,
W. A. Starrett, '97,
A. H. Stoneman, '97,
R. S. Cummings, '98,
J. R. Davis, '98 d,


W. J. O'Brien, '98,
R. F. Palmer, '98,
H. W. Standart, '98,
C. F. Steinbauer, '98 i',
R. B. Upham, '98 /,
A. R. Wren, '98,
C. C. Adams, '99,
E. B. Adams, '99 /,
W. C. Boynton, '99,
W. C. Cooper, '99,
H. A. Fenton, '99 /,
H. T. Griswold, '99,
E. B. Jones, '99,
Paul Oliver, '99,
D. H. Wagar, '99 /,
C. E. Wehrle, '99 A,
A. B. Groesbeck, 'oo,
J. H. Thompson, 'oo,
P. B. Pendill, 'oI,
A. M. Rust, 'oI.


The membership of the University Mandolin Club follows:


C. H. Morse, Jr., '95,
R. D. Ewing, '96,
G. A. Geist, '96 m,
L. R. Hamblen, '96 1,
E. MI. Holland, '96,
J. J. Lasalle, '96 Iz,
W. W. Thayer, '96 /,
H. A. Cole, '97,
A. H. Stoneman, '97,
G. E. Ball, '98 1,
J. C. Blair, '98,
R. S. Cummings, '98,
J. R. Davis, '98 d,
C. E. Groesbeck, '98,
Allan Loomis, '98,
W. J. O'Brien, '98,


H. WV. Standart, '98,
C. F. Steinbauer, '98 d,
W. C. Boynton, '99,
W. L. Cooper, '99,
H. A. Fenton, '99 /,
H. T. Griswold, '99,
F. R. Hoover, '99,
E. B. Jones, '99,
J. T. Mountain, '99,
Paul Oliver, '99,
W. J. Stone, '99,
C. E. Wehrle, '99 /i,
A. B. Groesbeck, 'oo,
A. W. Norton, 'oo,
M. H. O'Brien, 'oI,
P. B. Pendill, 'oI.


Since the year 1881 the University has maintained a chair of
music, and has offered a varied and comprehensive curriculum in
the theory and history of music. It also lends its support to the
University School of Music, an institution with which it is sympathetically though not organically connected, Francis XV. Kelsey, of
the University Faculty, being the President of the corporation by
which the school is governed, and Albert A. Stanley, the Professor of Music in the University, being the Director of the School.
In I893 an auxiliary corporation erected the building in Maynard
street now occupied by the School of Music. Identified both
with the School and with the University are the University Musical
Society and the Choral Union, affiliated organizations which have
existed since 1879-80, and which gave their first public rehearsal




STUDENT MUSIC                    141
on the evening of May 4, I880. It was through the efforts of the
Musical Society, seconded by Professor Kelsey, by Mr. Charles
Buncher of Detroit, and by other friends of the University, that
the great Columbian Organ was secured for University Hall four
years ago. In May, I894, the Choral Union having become so
strong that it was able to perform by itself the great oratorios, a
musical festival was held in the great hall of the University.
Annually repeated with constantly increasing success, the May
festival at Ann Arbor has come to be regarded as the chief musical
event of the year in this part of the country. Besides the
festival the Musical Society gives every year through the Choral
Union a series of grand concerts.




CHAPTER X


SPORTS AND GAMES
In the days before the Civil War desultory games of football,
baseball, and cricket, for which there had not been any regular
practice, constituted the "athletics" of Michigan students.  In
The Palladium    for I860-6I we find the first mention, so far as
the undergraduate press is concerned, of this now absorbing
department of college life. By page 46 of the publication above
mentioned the "Pioneer Cricket Club" of the class of '64 is
credited with eight officers and twenty-five members, Frank Todd
being the President. In 1861-62 this organization continued to
thrive; F. A. Buhl was President, and Schuyler Grant, J. C. Hart,
and Q. A. Thomas were the "Ground Committee ". In 1864-65
was formed the "University Cricket Club", with P. Baldy Lightner, '67, as President, Melville M. Bigelow, '66, now eminent as a
law-writer, as Treasurer, Dwight N. Lowell, '67, as Secretary, and
H. WV. Stevens, '66, as Captain of the first eleven. At the request
of this organization the Regents appropriated fifty dollars to prepare playing grounds, which were fitted out not far from the
Laboratory. The same club flourished in 1866-67 with fifty-four
active members, with the same President as before, and with Edward L. Walter, '68, as Secretary, E. E. Kane, '67, as Treasurer,
and F. M. Smith, '68, as Captain of the first eleven. Joshua W.
Waterman (long afterwards the founder of our Gymnasium) repeatedly visited Ann Arbor for the purpose of encouraging this sport;
but The University Chronicle of October I2, 1867, noted
that the Cricket Club had become disorganized, and that the students had been "rifled of all ambition or stir in that direction".
The game was supplanted by baseball and football, although there
was a revival of it in April, 1872, when a new club was formed
with S. T. Douglas, '73, as President, and with a first eleven composed of S. T. Douglas, '73, W. H. Wells, '74, St. H. C. Parker,
'74, F. A. Maynard, '74, Wayne Hayman, '73, L. B. King, '74, E.
F. Laible, '75, H. A. Thayer, '74, C. R. Wells, '74, G. S.
Cook, '73 p, and F. W. Fletcher, '75. This club played and won
two match games with the club organized at Lodi, and lost a game
to the Peninsular Club of Detroit. There was another brief revi



SPORTS AND GAMES


I43


val in I88I-82, but evidently the game is too much of an exotic
to take firm hold here.
Baseball was formally introduced among our students in the
spring of 1863 by John M. Hinchman, '66, of Detroit, who had
been a member of the Detroit Club. Oscar P. Bills and E. C.
Page, both of '65, laid out a diamond in the northeast part of the
campus, and three years later the Regents appropriated one hundred dollars for the improvement of the grounds.                    -A
The batter faced the medi-                      — %
cal building, and many long
drives were made in the, 
direction of that seat of 
learning.  Of course the
game differed considerably                i              '
from that now played: the
pitcher was restricted to an:66,
underhand   delivery;  the            TAPPAN HALL.
catch of a foul bound made
an "out"; strikes were not called on the batter; bases were not
given on "balls"; and owing to the straight-arm pitching the
batting was much heavier and the scores far larger than now.
In the spring of i864 a meeting of the students was held, and
the organization of the first " University Baseball Club " was
effected, J. M. Hinchman being elected President, S. B. Ladd, '65,
Vice-President, E. (C. Page, '65, Secretary, E. I,. Grant, '66,
Treasurer, and W. J. Maynard, 0. P. Bills, and H. E. Burt, all
of '65, directors.  These officers chose the following first nine:
J. M. Hinchman, '66, c.,      O. P. Bills, '65, s.,
E. L. Grant, '66, p.,         C. M. Goodsell, '65, 1.,
E. C. Page, '65, I,           W. J. Maynard, '65, m.,
J. P. Nixon, '65, 2,          C. S. Fraser, '66, r.
F. J. Simmons, '66, 3,
Hinchman was chosen captain of the team. The members of
the nine had no uniforms, and paid their own expenses. There was
no charge for admisson to the match games.  Scores of the games
played in 1864 have not been preserved, but it is known that the
nine was successful; and there was great enthusiasm. A class nine,
the first of its kind, was formed that year by the freshmen of '67,
and it played games with nines from Dexter, Lodi, the Ann Arbor
High School, and the Normal School.
The University nine for 1864-5 was the same as for the pre



I44


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


ceding year, except that W. J. Cocker, '69, took the place of F. J.
Simmons, '66, at third base. Hinchman was re-elected captain,
and the team had match games with Jackson, Ypsilanti, Dexter,
and Lodi, all but the last named being defeated.  In the autumn
of i865 E. L. Grant, '66, became captain, Hinchman having left
college. In the spring of i866 the organization of the University
Club was enlarged so as to include the professional departments,
and two teams were selected, which played regularly together, and
from which the first nine of the University was chosen. This was
made up thus:
F. A. C. Macmanus, '67, 1, c.,  Galusha Pennell, '68, s.,
V. J. Cocker, '69, p.,       A. H. Patlengill, '68, 1.,
J. C. Bigger, '68, 7, I,     E. W. Gale, '68, m.,
L. O. Goddard, '67, 2,       A. E. Wilkinson, '69, r.,
Samuel Hayes, '69, 3,        J. M. Stout, '68, sub.
During i866 games were played with nines representing Ann
Arbor, Jackson, and the Union School of Ypsilanti, in all of which
the University was successful, the scores being 33 to II, and 19 to
5, with Ann Arbor, and 6i to 41 with Jackson. Both '68 and '69
had class nines that year.
In 1867 the newly established University Chronicle
urged the team to go into training in order to win the championship of Michigan, and it invited larger subscriptions from the
students for the purpose of helping the nine. Early in the spring
the men were put in training by daily practice on the campus.
Every afternoon the University team met one of the class nines.
On the fourth of May uniforms of white, the first ordered for a
Michigan nine, were received. After defeating nines from Ann
Arbor, Ypsilanti, and Jackson, by scores of 30 to 26, 42 to 12,
and 43 to 15, the nine made arrangements for meeting the Detroit
Club, the champions of Michigan. Seventy students accompanied
the team to Detroit for the purpose of witnessing the first game,
which was played on June 15. It is said that on their way to the
grounds the boys were met by an old baseball enthusiast who asked
them with whom they were going to play.  "The Detroit Club",
they answered.  "What", he rejoined, "not the Detroit first
nine "? Receiving the assurance that such was the fact, he turned
and looked the speaker full in the face, and after a moment's
silence, gravely remarked, "Well, boys, you'll be sick enough
before night ". Michigan won by a score of 70 to r8, the Detroit
players being able to do little with Blackburn, the University
pitcher. \TSe game lasted three and one-half hours, and among




SPORTS AND GAMES


145


its features were six home runs, four by Dawson, Michian'
catch-er.! Ten " missed flies ", four of which were credited to Michigan, show that the fielding game was hardly up to present
standards.  On their return to Ann Arbor the victorious team was
welcomed by a great crowd of students.
About this time The Yale C ourant asked why Michigan
University could not send a baseball nine to play at the approaching Harvard and Yale Regatta; but the early closing of our college
year, and the distance, were insurmountable obstacles.
The nine for the spring of I867 was formed thus:
G. E. Dawson, '69, c.,        A. H. Pattengill, '68, 1.,
J. A. Blackburn, '70, p.,     Samuel Hayes, '69, m.,
W. J. Cocker, '69, I,         W. A. Butler, Jr., '69, r.,
A. E. Wilkinson, '69, 2 & p.,  W. H. Boardman, '69, sub.,
E. W. Gale, '68, 3,           W. C. Maybury, '70, sub..
E. F. Cooley, '70, s.,        Robert McCart, '67 1, sub.
In the return game (played October 17) with Detroit, the
University men, owing to over-confidence, were defeated by a
score of 36 to 20. As the final game, scheduled for November 2,
was not played, the championship for that year was not decided.
The University Chronicle declared that Blackburn as a
pitcher had not his superior in the state or in the Northwest; and
no doubt this was true.  The same paper also expressed regret
that there was not some college near, where our nine could go to
play, and from which visits could be received.
In April, i868, Samuel Hayes, '69, was chGsen captain of
the first nine, and W. C. Maybury, '70, was selected to lead the
second.  The two teams practiced regularly, and on May 30 the
long postponed final game with Detroit was played.     In the
eleventh inning Michigan made two runs, winning by a score of
26 to 24.  "Never", said The University Chronicle, "has
a more closely contested game been played in the West.  Never
did men feel happier than the University men after the game".
Another game between the same clubs took place at Ann Arbor,
June 4, and the University was again successful, the score being
26 to i8. The nine for this year was the following:
G. E. Dawson, '69, c.,        E. F. Cooley, '70, s.,
J. A. Blackburn, '70, p.,     F. A. Crittenden, '7I, 1.,
W. J. Cocker, '69, I,         Samuel Hayes, '69, m.,
A. E. Wilkinson, '69, 2,      C. C. Smith, '71, r.
G. H Lothrop, '70, 3,
The same team was selected for I869, but owing to the disbandment of the Detroit Club and to the unwillingness of other




I46


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


neighboring clubs to meet the renowned representatives of Michigan, no games were arranged.    Class games were frequent that
year and the next.  The nine for 1870 consisted of the following
undergraduates:
A. G. Bishop, '73, c..          E. F. Cooley, '70, s.,
A. G. Tyng, '73, p.,             B. W. Smith, '71, 1.,
C. C. Smith, 71, I,             J. A. Fulton, '71, m.,
Morris Starne, '70 1, 2,        C. H. Coldren, '72, r.
R. D. Harrison, '73, 3,
This nine played only one game, defeating the Ann Arbor
Club on April 11.   In the autumn of 1870 a class league was
formed, and '73 came out victorious.      There was however a
decided lack of interest in baseball, owing to the introduction of
football, a game in which more of the students could take part.
April 25, 1871, the University Baseball Club was reorganized,
J. A. Fulton, '71, being chosen President, and J. A. Mercer, '71,
captain of the first nine.  The team selected was this:
H. A. Thayer, '74, c.,          F. A. Maynard, '74, 1.,
Wayne Hayman, '73, p.,           R. D. Harrison, '73, m.,
G. E. Hall, '74, I,             C. H. Dane, '73, r.,
W. S. Sheeran, '73, 2,          C. B. Keeler, '73, sub.,
T. A. Mercer, '7I, 3,           W. R. Clark, '74, sub.
W. H. Wells, '74, s.,
For at least one thing this team   was remarkable: all of its
members with but one exception, were underclassmen.      Both '73
and '74 contained excellent baseball material, while '7I and '72,
particularly the latter, were very deficient in this respect.  Although the nine for 187I was strong, a schedule of games could
not be arranged, and the record for that year is limited to the
annual game between the freshmen and the sophomores, in which
the latter were victorious by a score of 74 to 19.  A team  to represent the University was not selected in 1872, although many
students took part in "scrub" games.     Doubtless the attention
given to football and to the revived game of cricket caused a
temporary slackening of interest in baseball, but the chief difficulty,
a difficulty which continued for long, was the absence of strong
teams with which to play. In 1873 the regular nine was reorganized so as to present these names:
F. E. Bliss, '73, c.,            W. H. Wells, '74, s.,
F. N. Wood, '75, p.,            F. A. Maynard, '74, 1.,
G. E. Hall, '74, I,             E. D. Root, '75, m.,
W. L. Sheeran, '73, 2,          Wayne Hayman, '73, r.
W. M. Safford, '75, 3,
October ii, I873, the Mutuals of Jackson were defeated at
Ann Arbor by a team composed chiefly of juniors and freshmen,




SPORTS AND GAMES


I47


the score being 19 to 9; and on October 25 the freshmen defeated
the sophomores by a score of 60 to 43.    The team   for I874, as
selected by Captain G. L. Winslow, was as follows:
G. L. Winslow, '77, c.,          A. J. Stellwagen, '75, s.,
W. R. Roberts, '77, p.,          W. F. Baxter, '77, 1.,
P. R. Wilson, '75, I,            E. D. Root, '75, m.,
F. K. Stearns, '77, 2,           F. R. Buell, '6, r.
G. H. Abbott, '75, 3,
Of the games played by this nine the only one of which
record remains was with Ypsilanti; and was a victory for Michigan.
The deciding contest of a series of games between the seniors and
juniors was gained by the seniors, May 23, by a score of 13 to 9;
and the annual sophomore-freshman game was won by the freshmen, October 3, I874, by the score of 34 to 2I.   In the spring of
1875 the team was organized with E. D. Root, '75, as captain, and
was formed thus:
G. L. Winslow, '75, c.,          W. R. Roberts, '77, s.,
G. H. Abbott, '75, p.,           O. P. Shepardson, '75, 1.,
C. S. Burch, '75, I,            E. D. Root, '75, m.,
F. K. Stearns, '77, 2,          W. C. Johnson, '78, r.
0. W. Ferdon, '77, 3,
The games played in 1875 were with the Mutuals of Jackson,
May 18, 5 to 7; ~Etnas of Detroit, May 29, 15 to io, and June 5,
6 to 7; and Unas of Kalamazoo, October 22, 5 to 2.      Owing to
the abolishment of "straight-arm" pitching, and the calling of
strikes on batsmen, the number of runs per game now began to
fall off considerably.  Stearns, the fine second baseman of the
1875 team, afterwards became President of the Detroit Baseball
Club, which under his guidance won the championship in the
National League.
In the spring of 1876 the following nine was selected:
F. E. Bliss, '79 7, c.,         W. C. Johnson, '78, s. s.,
J. S. Ayres, '77, P.,           W. W. Augur, '78, 1.,
C. L. VanPelt, '76, I,          E. S. Siebert, '76 /, m.,
W. R. Roberts, '77, 2,          W. H. Murphy, '79, r. 
O. W. Ferdon, '77, s.,
The schedule for 1876 was greatly abbreviated by the refusal
of the Faculty to permit the team to play games out of town; for
it was impossible to induce clubs to visit Ann Arbor when return
games were prohibited.   In consequence of this ruling a projected
tour fell through in I877, and with it the home games which had
been arranged. A nine containing only a few of the regular players was defeated, May 26, 1877, by the Mutuals of Jackson, 12 to
io; and a hurriedly picked team was defeated in October by the



I45


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


strong nine of the Memphis (Tenn.) Club.     The Michigan team
for 1877 was:
G. J. Lonstorf, '80, c.,        0. W. Ferdon, '77, 3,
G. P. Castle, '77, c.,          W. R. Roberts, '77, s.,
W. C. Johnson, '78, p.,         W. W. Hannan, 'So, 1.,
W. W. Augur, '78, I,            W. M. Thompson, 'So, m.,
A. S. Deacon, '80, 2,           W. H. Rand, '77 A, r.
The first game played in 1878 was at Ann Arbor, May II,
when the club from Three Rivers was defeated by a score of 3   to
i.  The team for the year was as follows:
F. E. Bliss, '79 i, c.,         W. C. Johnson, '78, s.,
R. H. McMurdy, '80, p.,         X. WX. Augur, '78, 1.,
W. M. Thompson, '80, I,         O. W. Ferdon, '77, m.,
W. W. Hannan, '80, 2,           H. S. Richards, 'Sop, r.
E. L. Webster, 80, 3,
Early in the spring of I879 two teams selected by the baseball committee of the Athletic Association began practice on the
campus. A game played by the nine with Detroit's new professional team at Detroit, May I7, resulted in a
defeat for Michigan, 2 to 22.  Six days later
a nine from  the Tecumseh Club was defeated
at Ann Arbor, 27 to 7, and in the      return
game, played on Decoration Day, Michigan
won, 14 to 3.    A second contest with the
Detroit professionals, at Ann Arbor, resulted
in favor of the latter, I7 to 7.
In the autumn of 1879 the game between
the sophomores and freshmen was won by the
former, II to    3, the  sophomore   battery,
DON I. ICKINSON,'67 / I)avenport and Hodges, being very effective.
Hodges was made captain of the University nine in r880, and the
team was constituted thus:
C. H. Hodges, '82, c.,          D. F. Kendall. '80, s.,
F. W. Davenport, '82, p.,       M. P. French, '82, 1.,
W. AM. Thompson, '80, I,        F. F. Reed, '80, m.,
J. F. Gallaher, '82, 2,         A. H. Brown, Jr., '83, r.
W. W. Hannan, '8c, 3,
The nine just named was remiss in practice, and was twice
defeated by the Tecumseh Club, 4 to i, and 15 to 3.    In the following year more attention was paid to practice.  F. W. Davenport
was chosen captain of the nine, which made a creditable showing
in two games with the strong professional team of Detroit, twice
defeated the cadets of Orchard Lake, lost a game to the Cass Club




SPORTS AND GAMES


149


of Detroit by the score of 5 to o, and won a victory over Dexter,
40 to 17. The nine was made up in the following manner:
G. B. Daniels, '8I, c.,        W. M. Thompson, '8I, s.,
F. W. Davenport, '82, p.,      M. P. French, '82, 1.,
G. A. Derby, '83, I,           E. P. Hathaway, '82, m.,
J. F. Gallaher, '82, 2,        Harry Bitner, '84, r.
A. H. Brown, '83, 3,
In the winter of 188I-82 an intercollegiate baseball league
composed of Michigan, Wisconsin, Northwestern and Racine, was
formed. In anticipation of the approaching season a gymnasium
was fitted up in a large room over one of the hardware stores in
town, and there the baseball men practiced steadily.  In April
preliminary games were played with the Fort Wayne team of Detroit, 23 to o, the League Club of Detroit, 4 to 14, and the Cass
Club, 6 to 5. About the first of May new suits, of gray with blue
trimmings, and with "U. of M." in blue on the breast, arrived for
the players. A nine was now selected for the league series, as
follows:
M. F. Walker, '84 1, c.,      J. H. Rollins, '82 1, 3,
A. T. Packard, '83, p. & 3,    A. S. Harvey, '84 h, s.,
T. P. Antle, '84 m, p.,       C. G. Allmendinger, '85, 1.,
F. W. Davenport, '82, I,      Walter Davis, '85, m.,
R. M. Dott, '84, 2,           J. F. Gallaher, '82, r.
Of this team  Harvey was chosen captain.  The Cass Club
was defeated at Ann Arbor, May 6, by a score of 20 to 14. The
Chronicle of May I3, I882, said "At no time in the last eight
years has there been shown so much interest in baseball as during
the present season".   On the 20th of May the first of the
league games was played at Ann Arbor with the Wisconsin team,
and was won by our men, 20 to 8. Packard, the Michigan pitcher,
struck out eleven men, and Davenport's first base play was excellent.  May 26 the team  started on its Western tour, in the course
of which it defeated Racine 12 to 2 and ix to Io, Wisconsin i6 to
6, and Northwestern 20 to 3. As Northwestern forfeited its second
game, the end of the league season left Michigan the champion,
with six victories and no defeats.  Other games played before
college closed were these: Michigan against Fort Wayne, 6 to 2;
Michigan against Cass, 10 to i8 and 22 to 6. Because of a lack
of money it became necessary to abandon the proposed Eastern
trip in which Michigan as the winner of the Western collegiate
championship would have met the Eastern champions.
In March, 1882, Michigan withdrew from the Western Colle11




I5o


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


giate League because satisfactory arrangements could not be made
for the expenses of our team on its Western tour.  The season of
1883 began April 21, with a game against a picked nine, which
Michigan won by a score of 9 to 8. Then the University defeated
Adrian College, April 28, and a few days later was beaten at Ann
Arbor by the Detroit League team, I7 to 5.  May I9 the Jackson
Mutuals were defeated 20 to 2. The professional team of Toledo
was beaten at Ann Arbor, June 2, by a score of 14 to i, and
one week afterwards the strong professional nine of Port Huron
played on the fair grounds at Ann Arbor, winning against the University by the narrow margin of 2 to o.   In the return game at
Port Huron our nine was defeated 22 to o.  The team in I883 was
as follows:
H. E. Montgomery, '86, c.,     C. G. Allmendinger, '85, s.,
A. T. Packard, '83, p.,        W. D. Condon, '86, 1.,
C. H. Blackburn, '83 h, I,     A. E. Miller, '83, m,
Charles Hueber, '84 P, 2,      Lincoln MacMillan, '89, r.
W.. Walker, '84 A, 3,
In 1884 the baseball interest withdrew from the Athletic Association and formed an association of its own, choosing H. F.
Forbes, '84, as President, and Don C. Corbett, '85, as manager of
the team.  The following were the players selected for the nine:
C. C. Smith, '86, c.,          Lincoln MacMillan, '89, s.,
W. R. Payne, '87, c.,          W. D. Condon, '86p, 1.,
J. D. Hibbard, '87, p.,        F. R. Carson, '84 d, m.,
C. G. Allmendinger, '85, I,    E. C. Best, '88, m.,
C. B. Weatherwax, '87, 2,      I. M. Long, '89, r.
W. W. Walker, '84 /, 3,
During the season of I884 ten games were played with Plymouth, St. Louis Reserves, Cass, Orchard Lake, Detroit Amateurs,
Ypsilanti Crescents, and the Agricultural College, in eight of which
Michigan was victorious. One of the games was a tie, and one
was a defeat.  The University made 89 runs to 54 scored by its
opponents, and the base hits were go and 59 respectively.  The
fielding average of Michigan was.837.  Condon made not a single error during the season.  Carson led the batting with the high
average of.353, but he played in only four games.  Condon with
an average of.261 surpassed all others who played throughout
the series.
Early in the spring of I885 the rink was secured for practice,
and new uniforms of crimson and gray were obtained. The following games were played before Commencement: Michigan
against Jackson, i6 to 13; against Plymouth, Io to 5; against Cass,




SPORTS AND GAMES


I5 


4 to ii.  The batting average of the team was.2I4, and the team
was made up thus:
C. C. Smith, '86, c.,           C. T. Miller, '88, s.,
J. D. Hibbard, '87, p.,          W. D. Condon, '86 p, 1.,
F. W. Mehlhop, '88, I,           C. G. Allmendinger, '85, m.,
F. D. McDonell, '88, 2,          E. C. Best, '88, m.,
Lincoln MacMillan, '89, 3,      L. S. Bigelow, '86 /, r. & c.
John D. Hibbard, '87, who had been captain in I885, was reelected in I886, and his team  played seven games, defeating the
Detroit Hiawathas, 15 to 10, the Detroit Amateurs, 7 to 4, Orchard Lake, 14 to i and 13 to 8, and Oberlin, 9 to 7, and losing to
the Maple Leaf Club of Guelph, 3 to 13, and to the Cass Club of
Detroit, 9 to 13.  The fielding average of the team  was.826, the
batting average.27I.  McDonell had a batting average of.333 for
seven games. The team was constituted as follows:
C. C. Smith, 86, c.,             W. B. Carpenter, '89, s.,
J. D. Hibbard, '87, p.,         W. D. Condon, 86p, 1.,
F. W. Mehlhop, '88, I,           A. D. Welton, '88, m.,
F. D. McDonell, '88, 2,          R. M. Lee, '86 /, r.,
H. S. Bush, '88. 3,             J. M. Jaycox, '87, r.
C. T. Miller, '88, s.,
In the opening game of I887 the University was defeated at
Lansing by the Agricultural College, 9 to 8.  May 7, the Detroit
Amateurs were beaten in a close game on the campus, 4 to 3.
Oberlin was defeated on its own grounds, May I4, by a score of
8 to 7.  One week later the Cass team, assisted by several of the
Detroit League team, won at Ann Arbor a heavy-hitting game with
the score of 8 to I.  In later games the University defeated the
Detroit Athletics, II to 6, and was defeated by the Hiawathas,
Io to II, and by the Agricultural College, 9 to ii. The defeats
experienced by our team were chiefly due to catcher Miller's
having been hurt early in the season.  No one else could successfully hold the swift pitching of MacMillan and Hibbard.      The
fielding average of the team was.869, and the batting was.3I5.
MacMillan's high batting average of.552 for six games led the
team. It has been declared that Hibbard, MacMillan, Miller, and
McDonnell were four of the best players ever in the University.
The team as a whole was as follows:
C. T. Miller, '88, c.,           W. B. Carpenter, '89, s.,
J. D. Hibbard, '87, p. & 1.,     W. H. Booth, '90, 1.,
T. L. Wilkinson, '90, I,         C. F. Lawson, '88 p, m.,
F. D. McDonnell, '88, 2,        W. C. Malley, '89 /, m.,
Lincoln MacMillan, '89, 3 & p.,  J. M. Jaycox, '87, r.
W. H. Muir, '88, 3,




152


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


As in 1887 the rink was secured for preliminary practice early
in I888.    The team    selected was composed      of the following
players:
W. H. Booth, '91 d, c. & m.,      J. R. Sapp, '88 /, s.,
G. P. Codd, '91, p.,              W. S. McArthur, '89, 1.,
F. D. McDonell, '88, I,           J. J. Marker, '90;m, m. & c.,
Lincoln MacMillan, '89, 2,        T. N. Jayne, 'go, m.,
W. H. Muir, '88, 3,               A. D. Rich, '90, r.,
J. T. Scott, '9I, s.,             T. L. Wilkinson, '90, r.
Beginning with a victory of 5 to 4 at Orchard Lake, April 28,
i888, the University nine played the following games: D. A. C.,
5 to II, 15 to Io, and 9 to 2; Hiawatha, 3 to 3 in twelve innings;
Cass, 3 to 9, 9 to 8, and 10 to 7; Jackson, i to 9; Agricultural
College, 15 to 5, making six victories, three defeats, and one tie.
That year's work was memorable for the batting of McDonell and
MacMillan, whose averages for nine and eight games respectively
were.448 and.406. As for the team as a whole, it was better in
fielding than in batting, the average for the former being.908, an
exceptionally high figure, while the batting average was only. I I.
Of the work of the team for i888 The Chronicle of October
27, i888, said:
" All friends of the University will be glad to learn of the wonderful success
of the University Baseball Association for the season. After defeating some of
the leading teams in the state, and securing victories over others that for years held
the palm, our team withdrew at the end of the season with an unprecedented and
remarkably brilliant record.  But this was not all: the financial success was
equally remarkable. The team was fitted out with elegant new suits, and everything else was obtained to put the nine in first class shape, and after this, and after
all the other incidental expenses have been met, there is still a surplus of $50 in
the treasury ".
The rink could not be secured for baseball practice in 1889,
and as the team had lost three excellent players the prospects for
success were not bright.   A team was selected as follows:
W. H. Booth, '91 d, c.,            E. R. Lewis, 'gr, s.,
C. S. Mclndoe, '89 d. c.,         T. L. Wilkinson, '9o, 1.,
G. P. Codd, '91, p.,              G. W. Denney, '91, 1.,
A. D. Rich, '9I, I,               T. N. Jayne, '90, m.,
P. R. Gray, '9r, 2,               J. J. Marker, '90 im, r.
J. H. Todd, '90, 3,
The nine for 1889 was at the outset defeated by the Kalamazoo
professionals, 3 to 8, and by the D. A. C., 7 to 15. Then came
victories over the M. A. A., I2 to 4, the Owashtanongs of Grand
Rapids, 25 to i, and the Agricultural College, i8 to 5. But the
return game with the Agricultural College resulted in a defeat,
10 to I2.    June 24 our team   beat the Cass Club o1 to 9.      The
batting average of the team for 1889 was.328, Jayne's individual




SPORTS AND GAMES


I53


average for six games being.532, and Wilkinson's being.424.
The fielding average of the team was.846.
Early in 1890 an Eastern trip in which a defeat could be
administered to Cornell was planned, and an unusually large number
of candidates for the team appeared at the rink, which had been
rented for preliminary practice.  The team for the season was the
following:
V. H. Booth, '91 d, c.,         August Bauer, '91 1, s.,
G. P. Codd, '91, p.,            T. L. Wilkinson, '90, 1.,
A. D. Rich, '9I, i,            J. J. Marker, '90 m, m.,
P. R. Gray, '9o, 2,             L. I. Abbott, '9r /, r.,
J. H. Todd, '90, 3,             E. R. Lewis, '91, sub.
In the first regular game of the season of 1890, which was
played with the Detroit League Club, the latter won by a score of
Io to i.  On the third of May the M. A. A. team was beaten at
Ann Arbor, 15 to 2.  On the fourteenth of May the team started
on the first Eastern trip ever undertaken by a Michigan nine, and
stopping at Detroit it defeated the D. A. C., 6 to 5. At Ithaca,
May 6, a close and exciting game was played with Cornell, Michigan winning, 2 to I.  Over-confidence the next day lost the game
played with Colgate University, in which the score was 7 to To.
Later games that season were as follows: Oberlin, 7 to 6, ii to 13,
8 to 5; D. A. C., 19 to 6; Agricultural College, 19 to 5; Cass, 7
to 3. The record for the year was eight victories and three defeats.
The fielding average was.9II, the batting.264. Abbott led the
batting with an average of.389 for six games. To the remarkable
pitching of Codd much of the success of that year, as of the preceding season, was due.
In 1890-9 r the management of all athletic sports was entrusted
to one association. An Eastern trip with games against Harvard
and Yale was arranged early in the winter, and much enthusiasm
was aroused, seventy-five candidates for the team handing in their
names.   From  the first of February every candidate was pledged
to keep up strict training. Daily practice was had in the rink until
the weather permitted the use of the campus, after which a class
team was pitted every afternoon against the University nine. Peter
Conway, the famous pitcher of the National League, was secured
as a coach for the team, which, when selected, was as follows:
Joseph Walsh, c.,               W. W. Pearson, '93 fz, 3,
G. P. Codd, '91, p.,            S. C. Spitzer, '94, s.,
T. E. Robinson, '92 p, p.,      T. L. Wilkinson, '90, 1.,
A. H. Seymour, '92 /, p.,       W. H. Booth, '91 d, m.,
A. D. Rich, '9I, I,             L. I. Abbott, 'g91, r & c.
J. H. Kelley, '9I A, 2,




I54


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The season of I891 began with victories over the Agricultural
College, io to o and 26 to 4, and Oberlin, 25 to o. On the 9th
of May 1,200 students went to Detroit in a special train to see the
University defeat Cornell 8 to 6. One week later Northwestern
was beaten 15 to 3. May 22 the team departed upon its visit to
the Eastern colleges.  Hamilton was easily defeated, I8 to 3, but
the University of Vermont, which had hired a non-student pitcher
for the game, won a victory from us with a score of 2 to 6, our
team securing but two hits from the opposing pitcher. The game
at New Haven on the 26th of May was also a defeat for us, but it
was almost as good as a victory. Yale made only three hits off
Codd, not having been held to that number by any other pitcher
during the season; and the two runs made by our opponents resulted from passed balls on a slippery ground. Michigan although
making six hits secured no runs. A close game at Brown was lost
by us, 2 to 5. Our nine then defeated Wesleyan, 6 to 3, Trinity
20 to 3, and Harvard 4 to 3, so that the result of the expedition
was four victories and three defeats.  On this trip Michigan made
52 runs, 63 hits, and 24 errors against 25 runs, 38 hits, and 32
errors made by its opponents.
After the return of the team the D. A. C. was defeated, 11 to
i, and the M. A. A. lost a game to us during Commencement week.
During the year fourteen games were played, of which all but three
were won. Again Codd's fine pitching was largely responsible for
the success of the team, but the heavy batting of Wilkinson, Robinson, Pearson, Codd, Kelley, and Spitzer, and the fine fielding of
the team at critical times, contributed to the gratifying results
of the season.  The batting average of the team was.309, Wilkinson's individual average for the thirteen games played by him being.405, while Robinson for five games had an average of.45 8. The
fielding average of first baseman Rich in 12 games was.953, and
Abbott as right field and catcher had an average of.970.
In 1892 Conway was again secured as coach; T. E. Robinson,
'92 f, was captain; and the team was made up thus:
F. E. Bowerman, '93., c. & m.,  E. F. Spurney, '93 1, 2,
Frank Crawford, '93 i, c. & 1.,  W. W. Pearson, '93 m, 3,
T. E. Robinson, '92 p, p. & r.,  S. C. Spitzer, '94, s.,
G. P. Codd, '93 1, p. & r.,   C. B. Smeltzer, '94, 1. & c.,
A. H. Seymour, '92 1, p. & 1.,  E. C. Shields, '94, m.
A. W. Jefferis, '93 1, I,
Worth W. Pepple, '95, played six games as third baseman,
and W. J. Harness, '94, pitched two games for the team.  Codd
played in seven games only, and Smeltzer in eight.




SPORTS AND GAMES


I55


About the middle of April the team began a two weeks' tour
during which Albion was beaten I8 to 3, Wisconsin 7 to 4, Beloit
I3 to I, Illinois I8 to o, Northwestern 14 to 4, and Olivet 15 to o.
Michigan however, was defeated by Notre Dame, 4 to 6. Two games
were then played at Ann Arbor with the D. A. C., one of which
was a tie, 4 to 4, while the other was a defeat, I to 2. Likewise
at Ann Arbor were played games with Albion and Northwestern,
both victories, 13 to 2 and 15 to o. During a second Eastern
trip Yale was beaten 3 to 2, Lafayette 6 to o, Lehigh 12 to 4; but
Michigan was defeated by Pennsylvania, 2 to 5, by Princeton, 9
to 4, by Harvard 4 to 2, and by Toronto 5 to 4. A game with
Brown was ended by Michigan's withdrawing from the field because
of unfair umpiring, when the score was 2 to I against Brown. In
the autumn of 1892 the University was defeated by the D. A. C., 4
to II, on the grounds of the former. Of the twenty games played
in 1892 Michigan won eleven and lost seven. Our team made i6I
runs against 67 scored by
our opponents. Of the six-                 -: 
teen games played toetn at fi
finish with other colleges74. Spitzr p            d 
we gained eleven and lost                          a fie
five, two of the latter by a
single run and two by two                           h 
runs.  Spitzer and Bowerman led the battin  with
averages of.315 and.305
respectively, and Crawford
as catcher and left field had 
HOM(EOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE.
the high average of.976 in
seventeen games, while Jefferis played nineteen games at first
base with a fielding average of.974. Spitzer played nineteen
games as short-stop with only five errors, and had a fielding
average of.934.
During the season of 1893 Frank Crawford, '93 1, had the
captaincy of the baseball team, the manager being H. G. Cleaveland, '93 7. The nine was as follows:
Frank Crawford, '93 1, c.,    S. C. Spitzer, '94, s.,
H. B. Krogman, '94, P.,       G. F. Rich, '93 1, 1.,
A. W. Jefferis, '93 1, I,     E. C. Shields, '94, mn.,
E. F. Spurney, '93 1, 2,      C. B. Smeltzer, '94, r.
W. W. Pearson, '93 m, 3,
The substitutes were C. C. MacPherran, '95, R. E. Russell, '96,




I56


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


T. P. Griffin, '93 /, and M. A. Banks, '95 d. Eighteen games
were played during the three months of the season; of these Michigan won fourteen.    Of the sixteen games played with other
colleges our University won thirteen, being defeated twice by Cornell and once by Minnesota. The club went to Ithaca for a game
with Cornell, but proceeded no further East. The teams of Illinois, Northwestern, and Wisconsin, lost two games apiece to us,
and Albion, Kentucky, Centre, Purdue, Denison, Minnesota, and
Iowa, each lost one game. Of the two games played with the D.
A. C., one was gained, the other was lost.  Michigan scored 21I
runs as against 103 made by opposing teams.      The team  as a
whole was not as strong as that of 1893, its greatest weaknesses
being in the pitcher's box and at the bat.    During the second
game with Cornell, which was played at Detroit, May 30, the
bases were twice filled by Michigan with nobody or only one out;
but the single hit needed to win the game was not forthcoming,
and Cornell won 6 to 5.
For 1894 George J. Cadwell, '94, was manager, and E. C.
Shields was captain.  The team was constituted thus:
C. B. Smeltzer, '94, c.,       E. V. Deans, '96 d, 3,
J. W. Hollister, '95 /, p.,     W. W. Pepple, '95, s.,
H. B. Krogman, '94, p.,         James Baird, '96, s.,
Ray Hart, '95,,,             W. W. Waterman, '97, 1.,
W. D. McKenzie, '96, I,         E. C. Shields, '94, m.,
S. C. Spitzer, '94, 2,          L. J. Wentworth, '94, r.
R. E. Russell, '96, 2,
During the season of 1894 nineteen games were played, Michigan winning eleven. The team easily defeated the nines of the
Ohio, Illinois, and Wisconsin colleges-although Oberlin beat itbut venturing in Eastern territory it met with an unbroken series
of rebuffs from Vermont, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, and
Cornell. After returning home the club recovered from its temporary demoralization, and by the close score of 3 to 2 defeated on
Decoration Day at Detroit the nine of the new University of Chicago, an institution which is now our chief competitor in baseball.
In I895 E. C. Weeks, '95, acted as manager of baseball
affairs, and E. C. Shields, '96 /, was the captain of the team,
which was made up as follows:
W. F. Holmes, '96 h, c.,       J. A. Bloomingston, '96 /, 2,
J. C. Condon, '96, c.,          E. V. Deans, '96 d, 3,
F. J. Sexton, '98 mz, p.,       R. E. Russell, '96, s.,
C. F. Watkins, '96 p, p. & r.,  W. W. Waterman, '97, 1.,
W. D. McKenzie, '96, r,         E. C. Shields, '96 7, m.




SPORTS AND GAMES


I57


This team, which was one of the strongest we have had,
defeated with little trouble most of the Western college nines which
it played, but of the Eastern teams it met Cornell only.    The
latter was successful in a 2 to i game at Ithaca, but was defeated
May 30, at Detroit, by the score of Ii to o.  Chicago beat Michigan 13 to i in Chicago, but lost the return game at Ann Arbor,
6 to 4.
For I896 the veteran player, E. C. Shields, was manager, and
W. F. Holmes was captain.    As for the team, it contained the following undergraduates:
W. F. Holmes, '96 h, c.,        J. A. Bloomingston, '96 1, 2,
J. C. Condon, '96, c.,          E. V. Deans, '96 ed, 3,
A. H. Kinmond, '98 d, c.,       D. J. Lowney, '99 m, s.,
C. F. Watkins, '96p, p.,       J. W. Hollister, '96 1, 1.,
G. A. Miller, '98, p.,          E. C. Shields, '96 1, m.,
W. D. Scott, '98 1, p.,         D. C. McKinney, '98 r, r.
W. D. McKenzie, '96, I,
That year no games were played with Eastern teams except
with Toronto, which was beaten 13 to 8. There were twenty-two
contests, Michigan winning seventeen, losing four, and tying one,
and scoring 248 times while its opponents scored I24. The colleges defeated were Albion, Ohio State (twice), Wittenberg,
Indiana, Illinois (twice), Oberlin (twice), Wisconsin (twice), and
Toronto. A series of five games was played with Chicago, and
after each team had won two games the final contest was awaited
with great eagerness.  Just before it was played the management
learned that two of the Michigan men had recently played under
assumed names on a professional team. The Board of Control
immediately debarred the offenders from further contests, and by
this and a previous ruling three of the best men were taken from
the team.  Consequently the final game with Chicago was lost.
No other college defeated Michigan in 1896.
The manager for 1897 was A. L. C. Atkinson, '98 1; Guy A.
Miller, '98, was captain; and the team-necessarily composed
chiefly of new players-was as follows:
G. W. Lunn, '99, c.,            W. E. Sullivan, '98 p, 3,
H. S. McGee, 'oo, c.,           Francis McMurray, '99 in, s.,
G. A. Miller, '98, p.,          W. F. Wolf, '99 /, s.,
T. M. Sawyer, '98, p.,          O. A. Ludlow, '98 /, 1.,
F. C. Condon, '99, I,           J. R. Sheean, '98, m.,
C. F. Heard, '98 m, 2,          J. E. Butler, '98, r.
E. L. Cooley, '99, 2,
From this new and inexperienced team    little was expected;
yet it made a creditable showing.  It was defeated by the Detroit




I58


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


League nine, o to 6; by Wittenberg, (which, though a college
team, included six professionals), 7 to 17; by Notre Dame, 3 to i8;
by Cornell, 2 to 14 and i to 6; by Wisconsin, 5 to 15 and I4 to
I5; by Illinois, o to 3; and by Chicago, 3 to 5, I to 4, and 3 to
24.  It defeated Chicago 5 to 3, Ohio State II to 4, and the
Detroit Athletic Club I3 to 9.
In the spring of I898 a series of games with Chicago, Northwestern, and Illinois was commenced.   Thus far Michigan has
won three of four games played with Chicago, one of three with
Illinois, and both of the two played with Northwestern. A. H.
Keith, '98, is the manager of baseball interests for 1898, and J. E.
Butler is captain of the Michigan team, which is constituted as
follows:
G. W. Lunn, '99, c.,           W. F. Wolf, '99 1, 3,
A. Thompson, 99 d, c. & r.,    F. L. Gilbert, 'oi, s.,
G. A. Miller, '98, p.,        D. M. Matteson, 'oo d, s. & 1.,
H. E. Lehr, '98 d, p.,        Edwin McGinnis, 'oo, m.,
F. C. Condon, '99, I,         M. L. Davies, 'oo, 1.,
E. L. Cooley, '99, 2,         J. E. Butler, '98, r.
Baseball is with us an exceedingly popular sport.  Probably
three hundred different students play it every spring. All of the
literary classes, and many of the classes in the professional departments are represented by nines, which not only play against the
University team, but engage in league contests with one another.
Eleven years ago the leading secret societies formed a baseball
league and fought for the fraternity championship, a "spread"
paid for by the defeated nines being the reward of success.  By a
rule recently adopted a member of the University team is prohibited from playing on a class or fraternity nine, as an injury
received in an unimportant game might cause the loss of an intercollegiate match.
In the autumn of i866 the sophomores purchased a football,
and the college paper declared that every afternoon excited " sixtynine" men could be seen in their shirt sleeves running after the
ball "with zeal so unremitting that had it been turned in the
direction of learning it could not have failed to have placed them
at the head of whatever profession they might have chosen".  One
year later the sport was said to have gone "to a grave too cold by
far".  In I869-70 the game was revived, and the first football
match of which record remains was played April 23, 1870, between
the freshmen and sophomores ('73 and '72).   "Football", said
The Chronicle, "is a new institution on the campus, and bids




SPORTS AND GAMES


I59


fair to be popular, at least on cool days"; and the same paper
commended the game as affording "exercise to the whole body of
students at a comparatively trifling expense".  Of course football
in 1870 differed much from the sport of to-day.  It was entirely a
kicking game, and was played with many men-usually thirty-on
a side. Winning consisted in sending the ball over the enemy's
line a majority of a previously agreed number of times.  Matches
between the classes were the chief games during the early years of
football at Ann Arbor.  The class of '73 defeated '72, and twice
defeated '74.
In 1872 the football organization consisted of the captains of
the four class teams, W. S. Sheeran, '73, Calvin Thomas, '74, E.
D. Root, '75, and E. C. Fox, '76.   October iI, I873, a football
association was formed, and it was decided to challenge Cornell to
play a match game in Cleveland, thirty on a side. But the Cornell
Faculty refused to grant leave of absence to the students who had
been selected to meet our men.  The names of our thirty appear
in The Palladium for J873-4, on page 73. In I874 and 1875
the sophomores defeated their freshman foes at football by scores
of 7 to o and 5 to o.  September 30, I876, the forty-two sophomores who appeared on the field were defeated by eighty-two
freshmen; but the result was reversed when thirty picked members
of each class met. As a rule the numbers engaged in class contests, even as late as 1889-90, were not limited.
Michigan was the pioneer in modern football in the West.
Charles M. Gayley, '78, now Professor of English Literature in the
University of California, introduced the Rugby game here in 1876.
The following team, with Roberts, '77, as captain, was chosen:
W. R. Roberts, '77,            Evart VanPelt, '78,
E. J. Snover, '87,             I. K. Pond, '79,
B. H. Colby, '77,              C. J. Reynick, '79,
A. C. Angell, '78,             T. E. Walbridge, '77 z,
D. N. DeTar, '78,              Ernest Copeland, '78 m.
W. C. Johnson, '78,
In the spring of 1877 the Rugby rules were printed in The
Chronicle, and in the autumn of that year another team was
selected with Edwards, '79, as captain:
A. C. Angell, '78,             I. K. Pond, '79,
D. N. DeTar, '78,              A. S. Dean, '80,
W. C. Johnson, '78,            J. A. Green, '80,
J. A. Beaumont, '79,           F. G. Allen, 8I,
R. T. Edwards, '79,            Everett Marshall, '8I.
C. S. Henning, '79,




I6o


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


In December, I878, the Athletic Association elected two
football elevens, from which a team to represent the University
was taken as soon as sufficient practice had been had. On the
3oth of May the first football game played by a Michigan team
under the new rules, and the first football game ever played by us
with an outside team, took place at the White Stocking Park, Chicago, between our eleven and a delegation from Racine College, in
the presence of about 500 Racine students and Michigan graduates.
Michigan was represented by the following team:
RUSHERS.
D. N. DeTar, 'So,m,         W. W. Hannan, '8o,
John Chase, '79, 'SI J/l,    F. F. Reid, 'So,
I. K. Pond, '79,             R. G. DePuy, '79, '8i A.,
J. A. Green, 'So,            T. R. Edwards, '79.
HALF-BACKS.
C. H. Campbell, 'So,         E. H. Barmore, '82.
GOAL-KEEPER.
C. S. Mitchell, '8o.
A. S. Pettit, '79, was substitute. Collins H. Johnston, '8r,
was one of the regular team, but could not go to Chicago.  The
game, according to The Chronicle, was "the finest game of
football ever played this side of the Rocky Mountains."  It began
at 4:15 P. MI., Racine making the opening kick. In:...^. — /!:the          first  inning  Pond
';:     X.... X  secured a touch-down for
- i:      Michigan, and in the
make a safety touch-down.
______as               Telegraphic minutes of the
-~ ~~game were posted upon
a blackboard which the
Steward of the University
had caused to be placed
THE GYMNASIUM.
under one (of the trees near
the medical building, and "when the last despatch was bulletined
those who were present manifested their feelings in the usual
student manner." That evening the winners were properly welcomed at the Michigan Alumni banquet held in the Palmer House,
Chicago.
Our football team in the autumn of I879 was the same as the
one which had played at Chicago, except that C. H. Johnston, '8I,




SPORTS AND GAMES


I6r


and F. G. Allen, '8i, replaced Campbell and Pond. A game was
arranged with the University of Toronto, and of it T h e C h r o nicl e gave this account:
"The first day of this month the 9 A. M. Kalamazoo Accommodation pulled
out from our station with four cars cosily filled with students bound for Detroit to
see the match at football between the Toronto eleven and our own team. The day
was clear and bright, though a little cold, which seemed to stir the blood of the
boys, causing them to open their mouths and pour forth their joy, like tuneful owleagles. All the college songs were sung and resung..... Toronto took
the wind, giving our boys the kick-off, and from the time De Tar sent the ball flying toward their goal to the close of the game our team had the advantage, except
once or twice, and then only for a few minutes. Why this was it is hard to say,
for Toronto played a strong game, and in almost every individual point excelled.
It was a particularly close and exciting game. The excitement was especially intense when during the last few minutes of the game the ball was kept within a few
feet of the Toronto line, our boys trying to force it through or get a drop for goal.
Then the crowd seemed determined to take a part in the play. But no goal was
made, and when time was called it all went up in a long, hearty cheer for Toronto
and Ann Arbor. Our boys seemed satisfied not to have lost, and well they may,
considering their youth in Rugby, and the high standing of the Toronto among
Canadian teams."
In this game the Toronto men showed superior running
ability.   De Puy and     Hannan    made fine runs for Michigan.
Neither side scored a goal or a touch-down, although several times
our men had the ball within a few feet of the goal line. The
Athletic Association lost $I50 on the game; but this did not lessen
football enthusiasm.    Said   The Chronicle of February 28,
i880: "The students of Ann Arbor need no argument to convince
them that Rugby is the better game".
Another contest between Toronto and Michigan took place
November 6, I880, on the Toronto Lacrosse Club's grounds. The
following was the make-up of our team, John Chase, '8I m, being
captain:
FORWARDS.
John Chase, '8I m,                R. G. De Puy, '8I h,
F. G. Allen, '8I,                 W. H. Graham, 8'2,
W. S. Horton, '82 /,              W. B. Calvert, '82 h,
C. H. Johnston, '81.
QUARTER-BACK.
E. H. Barmore, '82.
HALF-BACKS.
R. W. Brown, '8i,                 R. M. Dott, '85.
FULL-BACK.
E. P. Hathaway, '82.
De Puy was injured during the game, and F. B. Wormwood,
'83, took his place. Michigan won, making two touch-downs and.
a goal, while Toronto failed to score.




I62


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The failure of our football management to arrange a game
with Racine College led The Chronicle to express the hope
that there would be enough interest manifested in athletics that
spring "to enable us to attain that consummation, so long sought
and 'devoutly to be wished for', a game with some of the Eastern
colleges;" and in the autumn of i88i the following team      was
sent East to play with the chief elevens of that region:
FORWARDS.
John Ayres, '80,                 C. M. Wilson, '83 /,
P. G. DeW. Woodruff, '81 l,      Harry Bitner, '84,
F. M. Townsend, '8I,            T. W. Gilmore, '84.
QUARTER-BACK.
W. S. Horton, '82 /.
HALF-BACKS.
R. M. Dott, '85,                R. G. De Puy, '8I h,
F. B. Wormwood, '83.
FULL-BACK.
W. J. Olcott, '83.
SUBSTITUTES.
H. S. Mahon, '82,               W. O. De Puy, '83 a.
Michigan was beaten by Harvard 4 to o, by Yale ii to o, and
by Princeton 13 to 4.
During the college year I882-83 football at Ann Arbor was
dormant. A challenge sent to an association in Detroit was
not accepted, and only practice games were played.     In I883 a
number of students joined in forming the Rugby Association,
which was incorporated in May, i886. In November, 1883, a
second Eastern tour was made, the team selected being as follows:
FORWARDS.
E. E. Beach, '84,               H. J. Killilea, '85 /,
Harry Bitner, '84,              H. P. Borden, '84 /,
H. G. Prettyman, '85,           R. M. Dott, '84 /.
QUARTER-BACK.
T. H. McNeil, '85.
HALF-BACKS.
R. G. Gemmell, '84,              A. I. Moore, '84 Mt.
THREE-QUARTER-BACK.
W. J. Olcott, '83.
FULL-BACK.
T. W. Gilmore, '84.
SUBSTITUTES.
R. W. Beach, '86,               H. S. Mahon, '84 /,
E. W. Wright, '84 /.
Prettyman was manager and Olcott was captain of this team,
which was beaten by Yale 46 to o, by Harvard 3 to o, and by




SPORTS AND GAMES


I63


Wesleyan I4 to 6, but which defeated Stevens Institute 5 to I.
From these games it was seen that Michigan could not compete
with the Eastern colleges until the opportunities for practice in the
West became greater. The Rugby team for the autumn of 1884
was made up of the following students:


RUSHERS.
E. L. Dorn, '86,                   I
E. E. Beach, '84,                  1
H. G. Prettyman, '85,              1
G. C. Schemm, '85.
QUARTER-BACK.
T. H. McNeil, '85.
HALF-BACKS.


H. J. Killilea, '85 /,
H. G. Brock, '85,
Dwight Goss, '86 /,
W. J. Duff, '85 m.


W. J. Olcott, '84 g,




THREE-QUARTER-BACK,
J. M. Jaycox, -87.
GOAL-KEEPER.
E. F. Duffy, '84 /.
This team, after defeating Albion College by the score of I8
to o, played at Ann Arbor a brilliant game with Chicago, in which
the latter club was beaten, io to I8. In the Chicago game Duffy
played instead of Brock, and Olcott and Jaycox were the halfbacks. In April, 1885, the Rugby Association became a member
of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association.
Early in the autumn of i885 the University team and the
Windsor Club played at Windsor, Ontario, a game according to
the old Rugby rules, Michigan winning, io to o. A return game
resulted in our favor, 30 to o. Thanksgiving Day our eleven met
the Peninsular team of Detroit, and defeated it 42 to o. That
year J. R. McCammon, '87, was manager, and H. G. Prettyman,
'87 m, was captain of the team, which was constituted thus:


FORWARDS.
F. G. Higgins, '86 1,              I
W. M. Morrow, '90,                 (
H. G. Prettyman, '87 m,           J
F. F. Bumps, '87.
QUARTER-BACK.
T. H. McNeil, '85.
HALF-BACKS.


R. W. Beach, '86,
C. N. Banks, '87 /,. L. Skinner, '87,. E. Duffy, '89.


J. M. Jaycox, '87,


J


GOAL-KEEPER,
J. L. DUFFY, '88.
SUBSTITUTES.
C. D. A. Wright, '87 m,           L. F. Gottschalk, '88,
H. G. Hetzler, '86.




I64


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The first football game of the season of i886 was played with
Albion College, October I6, and resulted in an easy victory for
Michigan, the score being 50 to o. In the return game, October
30, Michigan won, 24 to o. The team for the year was as follows:


H. G. Prettyman, '87
F. F. Bumps, '87,
F. G. Higgins, '86 1,
J. M'. Jaycox, '87,
W. W. Harless, '90,


FORWARDS.
m,             George Higgins,
C. D. A. Wright, '87 im,
A. C. Kiskadden, '89.
C. N. Banks, '87 I.
QUARTER-BACK.
W. M. Morrow, '90.
HALF-BACKS.






J. E. Duffy, '89.


GOAL-KEEPER.
J. L. Duffy, '88.
SUBSTITUTES.


W. R. Trowbridge, '89 mt,
W. C. Malley, '90 /.


On the I2th of November, I887, our team defeated, by
30 to o, the Albion College eleven.  Soon afterwards Michigan
defeated Notre Dame 8 to o, and, at Chicago, the strong team of
the Harvard School. In April, I888, our team again defeated
Notre Dame, the score being 26 to 6. The football representatives of Michigan for 1887-88 were the following, John L. Duffy,
'88, being their captain:
RUSHERS.


W. W. Harless, '90,
E. M. Sprague, '88,
Fred Townsend, '88 /
J. T. Scott, '91,
J. E. Duffy, '89,
R. S. Babcock, '89,


QUARTER-BACK.
R. T. Farrand, '90.
HALF-BACKS.
E
FULL-BACK.
J. L. Duffy, '88.
SUBSTITUTES.
Leverge Knapp, '88.


H. Duffie, '88 l,;. H. Wood, '89 /,
incoln MacMillan, '89,
X. W. De Haven, '9o.:. W. MacPherran, '89.
lulford Wade, 'go,


Thanksgiving Day, T888, the Rugby team played at Chicago
the University team of that city, composed largely of graduates
who, while students, had belonged to their respective college teams.
A cup valued at $300 had been offered to the team which should
be the winner for two successive years. The game was attended
by a great number of persons, among whom were more than two
hundred Michigan students. Chicago won by the score of 26 to 4.




SPORTS AND GAMES


i65


The weakness of Michigan's rush line was largely responsible for
our defeat. Michigan's team was as follows:
RUSHERS.


If. G. Prettyman, '87 nm,
R. W. Beach, '89 1,
James Van Inwagen, '92,


W. C. Malley, '9o /,
S. S. Bradley, '91,
N. C. Paine, '92.


E. W. MacPherran.
W. D. Ball, '90,


QUARTER-BACK.
F. L. Smith, '90.
HALF-BACKS.
go0,             J. I
FULL-BACK.
Lincoln MacMillan, '89.
SUBSTITUTES.
E. ]
E. P. de Pont, '94.


E. Duffy, '90.
P. Coman, '90 7,


In the autumn of I889 Albion College was beaten at Ann Arbor, 33 to 4; Cornell gave Michigan a severe defeat at Buffalo, the
score being 56 to o; and the Chicago graduates won their second
game from our team, 20 to o. The following constituted our eleven
for that year, E. W. MacPherran being captain:


RUSHERS.
S. C. Glidden, '93,
David Trainer, Jr., '9o,
G. M. Hull, 'go m,
Benton Strait, '91 I
QUARTER-BACK.
H. T. Abbott, '9I
HALF-BACKS.
J. E. Duffy, '9o,
FULL-BACK.
James Van Inwagen,
SUBSTITUTES.
H. F. VanDeventer, '92,
J. R. Sutton, 'g90,
H. S. Haines, '91 I


W. C. Malley, 'g90,
B. J. Boutwell, '90 l,
H. G. Prettyman,
1.
E. W. MacPherran, '90,
'92.
F. L. Smith, '90,
W. D. Ball, '9o,


In 1890 Michigan defeated Albion 56 to io and i6 to o, the
D. A. C. i8 to o, and Purdue 34 to 6, but was beaten 20 to 5 by
Cornell at Detroit, November I5. That year there was no game
with the Chicago graduates. The regular team, of which W. C.
Malley, 'go /, was captain, was as follows:


T. L. McKean,
David Trainer, Jr.,
W. C. Malley, '9o I,
12


ENDS.
TACKLES.


Roger Sherman, '94.
H. G. Prettyman,
W. W. Harless, '90.




I66


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


GUARD.
Clark Sutherland, '91 m.
CENTRE.
T. L. Chadbourne, Jr., '94.
QUARTER-BACK.
G. S. Holden, '9I.
HALF-BACKS.
L. C. Grosh, '94,             J. E. Duffy, 92 /.
FULL-BACK.
G. H. Jewett, '94 m.
In the autumn of I891 Frank Crawford, Yale '9I, was secured
to coach the team, which was greatly in need of efficient training.
Of the games played that season Michigan won three and lost five.
Olivet was defeated I8 to 6, Oberlin 26 to 6, and Butler 42 to 6.
Our eleven was beaten by Cornell 12 to 58, and, in a game at
Chicago, o to 10. A team from Cleveland won a game from us
by the score of 8 to 4, and the Chicago graduates, with the aid
of extremely unfair umpiring, laid us low 20 to o. At the very
opening of the season Albion took a game from Michigan, IO to 4.
The team that year was composed of the following men:
ENDS.
R. W. E. Hayes, '95,           C. W. Southworth, '93.
TACKLES.
H. J. Mowrey, '93 1,           W. W. Pearson, '93 m.
GUARDS.
E. D. Wickes, '93,             Virgil Tupper, '95.
CENTRE.
A. W. Jefferis, '93 1.
QUARTER-BACK.
Roger Sherman, '94.
HALF-BACKS.
James Vanlnwagen, '93 1,       C. F. Rittenger, '93 1.
FULL-BACK.
G. B. Dygert, '93.
Twelve games, seven of which were won by Michigan, were
played during the season of 1892.  The opponents and the scores
were the following: Michigan Athletic Association, 74 to o and
68 to o; Wisconsin, IO to 6; Minnesota, 6 to I6; De Pauw, i8 to
o; Purdue, o to 24; Northwestern, 8 to io; Albion, 60 to 8; Cornell, o to 44 and o1 to 30; Chicago, I8 to IO; Oberlin, 26 to 24.
In the game with Purdue four of our men were disabled, and the
game had to be called because we had not a fourth substitute.
W. E. Griffin, '93 1, was the football manager for 1892, and Frank




SPORTS AND GAMES


I67


E. Barbour, Yale '9I, did the coaching.  Dygert, '93, was the
captain of the team, which was made up thus:


Paul Woodworth, '94 1,
Frank Decke, '93,
Virgil Tupper, '95,
C. T. Griffin,
E.
L. C. Grosh, '94,


ENDS.
TACKLES.
GUARDS.


R. W. E. Hayes, '95.
W. W. Griffin, '96.
C. L. Thomas, '95.


CENTRES.
F. F. Harding, '96.
QUARTER-BACK.
L. Sanderson, '93.
HALF-BACKS.
G. H. Jewett, '94 m.


FULL-BACK.
G. B. Dygert, '93.
In the autumn of I893 Barbour again coached the team.
Charles Baird, '95, was manager, and George B. Dygert was captain. Ten games were played with outside teams, as follows:
Detroit Athletic Club, 6 to o and 26 to o; Chicago, 6 to io and
28 to Io; Minnesota, 20 to 34; Wisconsin, i8 to 34; Purdue, 46
to 8; De Pauw, 34 to o; Northwestern, 72 to 6; Kansas, 22 to o.
Of the ten contests Michigan lost three. There were scored 272
points for Michigan, 102 for opposing teams. The team for the


year was made up thus:
R. W. E. Hayes, '95,
H. M. Senter, '96,
W. W. Griffin, '96,
G. R. F. Villa, '96 /,
C. H. Smith,
James Baird, '96,
R. S. Freund, '96,
L. P. Paul, '94 /,
A. C. Bartels, '95 /,
H. L. Dyer, '95 /,


ENDS.
G. H. Ferbert, '97,
Roger Sherman, '94.
TACKLES.
W. I. Aldrich, '96,
J. L. D. Morrison, '94 S.
CENTRES.
C. T. Griffin.
QUARTER-BACKS.
G. F. Greenleaf, '97.
HALF-BACKS.
L. C. Grosh, '96 m,
J. W. Hollister, '95 1,
H. B. Leonard, 95.
FULL-BACKS.
G. B. Dygert, '95 /.


During the season of I894 the football team had the advantage
of excellent training.  W. L. McCauley, Princeton '94, was the
coach, James Baird, '96, was the captain of the team, and Charles
Baird, '95, was the manager. Games were played with the following teams and resulted in the following scores: Orchard Lake,
12 to 12 and 40 to 6; Albion, 26 to o; Olivet, 48 to o; Adrian,
46 to o; Case School, i8 to 8; Cornell, o to 22 and I2 to 4; Kansas,




i68


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


22 to IO; Oberlin, 14 to 6; Chicago, 4 to 6. Eight games were
won, two were lost, and one contest was tied. Captain Baird was
badly hurt in one of the Orchard Lake games, and hardly recovered in time to take part in the last three meets. The game in
which Michigan defeated Cornell-played at Detroit, November
24-was the first victory gained by us over the Ithacans. Following are the men who played in 1894:


H. M. Senter, '96,
G. D. Price, '95,
H. G. Hadden, '95 /,
G. R. F. Villa, '96 /,
F. W. Henninger, '97,
B. M. Carr, '97 mt,
James Baird, '96,
G. H. Ferbert, '97,
H. L. Dyer, '95 /,
J. DeF. Richards, '98,
J. A


ENDS.
TACKLES.
GUARDS.
CENTRE.
C. H. Smith.
QUARTER-BACKS


R. W. E. Hayes, '95.
J. G. Yont, '96 A,
F. B. Reynolds, '95 1.
D. B. Ninde, '95 1,
W. S. Rundell, '95 1.
G. F. Greenleaf, '97.


HALF-BACKS.
H. B. Leonard, '95,
J. B. Freund, '97,
J. A. LeRoy, '96,
G. B. Dygert, '96 1.
FULL-BACK.. Bloomingston, '96 1.


The season of 1895 was one of the most satisfactory in the
annals of Michigan football. W. L. McCauley, '98 m, continued
to coach the team, which was captained by F. W. Henninger, '97.
The manager was Baird, '95. After an unbroken series of victories (over Orchard Lake, 34 to o; Detroit Athletic Club, 42
to o; Adelbert, 64 to o; Lake Forest, 40 to o; and Oberlin, 42 to
o), the eleven played Harvard, on the grounds of the latter, and
suffered defeat by the honorable score of o to 4. Then followed
three successes: Purdue, 12 to Io; Minnesota, 20 to o; and Chicago, 12 to o. The total score of points was 266 for, and 14
against, Michigan. Our team contained the following players:


H. M. Senter, '96,
J. H. Farnham, '97 e.
G. R. F. Villa, '96 /,
J. H. Hooper, '99,


ENDS.
TACKLES.
GUARDS.
CENTRES.


G. F. Greenleaf, '97,
F. W. Henninger, '97 e,
F. M. Hall, '96 /.


B. M. Carr, '97 m,


Edwin Denby, '96.




SPORTS AND GAMES


I69


QUARTER-BACKS.
James Baird, '96,               J. DeF. Richards, '98,
W. R. Morley, '99 e.
HALF-BACKS.
G. H. Ferbert, '97,             W. H. Holmes, '96 h,
J. W. Hollister, '95 S.
FULL-BACK.
J. A. Bloomingston, '96 I.
Aspirants for football honors were more numerous in 1896
than ever before.  Four elevens appeared on the practice-field, and
the range of selection was wide.  For that year the coaches were
W. L. McCauley, '98 m, and W. D. Ward, a Princeton graduate
who had entered the medical school. After winning nine games,
in which only four points were scored against the team, our eleven
was defeated by Chicago, in the finishing contest of the season,
by a single point. The schedule was as follows: Michigan Military Academy, i8 to o; Grand Rapids, 44 to o; College of Physicians and Surgeons, 28 to o; Lake Forest, 66 to o; Purdue, 16
to o; Iehigh, 40 to o; Minnesota, 6 to 4; Oberlin, io to o; Wittenberg, 28 to o; Chicago,.6 to 7.  Michigan's total score was 262
to II.  The captain of the team   was J. R. Hogg, '99 1, and the
following players took part in the games:
ENDS.
H. M. Senter, '98 m,             T. L. Farnham, '97 e,
G. F. Greenleaf, '97,           Loomis Hutchinson, '97 e.
TACKLES.
G. R. F. Villa, '96 /.,          F. W. Henninger, '97 e.
GUARDS.
B. M. Carr, '97 m,               J. W. F. Bennett, '98 e,
F. L. Baker, '98 e.
CENTRE.
J. D. Wombacher, '97.
QUARTER-BACKS.
T. J. Drumheller, '97 /,         J. DeF. Richards, '98,
Howard Felver, '98 e.
HALF-BACKS.
G. H. Ferbert, '97,              H. S. Pingree, Jr., 'oo,
W. H. Caley, '99 /.
FULL-BACKS.
J. R. Hogg, '99 7,              I. M. Duffy, '98 d.
In 1897 it became necessary to construct a football eleven
almost wholly of new material. Fifty students subjected themselves to training, and a band of coachers from the alumni-such
men as J. E. Duffy, 'go, W. C. Malley, '9o /, James Baird, '96, and
G. H. Ferbert, T. L. Farnham, and F. W. Henninger, all of '97.




170


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


-assisted in the development of the team.  New features adopted
that year were the training quarters, an alumni game, and a system
of home " coaching ". Victories were secured over the State Normal School, 24 to o; Ohio State, 36 to o; Oberlin, I6 to 6; Purdue, 34 to 4; Minnesota, 14 to o; and Wittenberg, 32 to o. The
Michigan team was tied, o to o, by Ohio Wesleyan, and was defeated, in the last game of the season, by Chicago, 21 to 12.
Ward Hughes, '98, was the football manager in 1897, and J. R.
Hogg, '99 1, was the captain of the team, which was organized
thus:
ENDS.
T. W. F. Bennett, '98 e,       N. B. Ayres, '99,
C. T. Teetzel, 'oo /.
TACKLES.
W. B. Steckle, '0I i,           R. S. Lockwood, 'or,
W. P. Baker, '98,               C. F. Juttner, 'oo /,
GUARDS.
M. B. Snow, '99,               W. H. Caley, '99 /,
J. E. Egan, '99 1,              H. E. Lehr, '98 d.
CENTRE.
W. R. Cunningham, '99 m.
QUARTER-BACKS. 
Howard Felver, '98,            J. DeF. Richards, '98.
HALF-BACKS.
J. R. Hogg, '99 /,              H. S. Pingree, Jr., 'oo,
G. D. Stewart, 'oi,            C. A. Barabee, 'oi.
FULL-BACKS.
F. C. Hannan, '98,              L. J. Keena, 'oI.
For the season of I898 J. W. F. Bennett, '98 e, has been
chosen captain and H. T. Heald, '98, is football manager.
During the past few years football has been rapidly increasing
in popularity at Ann Arbor. Every autumn more than two hundred men are candidates either for the University team or for some
of the class elevens.  Last fall all the classes in the literary department, and also the law class of '98 and the medical class of 'oo,
were represented by teams.
The history of boating in our University covers the period
from I873 to I878, when the country was interested in the great
regattas of the Eastern colleges.  The advocates of this sport
aroused such enthusiasm among the students that an association
was formed, boats were purchased, and the limited facilities of
the Huron River were enjoyed to the utmost.     Professor Tyler
was reported to have said that the water facilities at Ann Arbor are
as good as those at Oxford or Cambridge, but a series of conscientious trials proved that the Huron is better adapted to canoes




SPORTS AND GAMES


I 7 


than to shells.  A picture in T h e Palladium of 1877 shows the
difficulties under which the oarsmen labored.    An attempt to
deepen the river with one of the two shells owned by the students
was a disastrous failure; the boat had to be sold to pay the expense
of repairing it; and in 1878 shell-racing at Michigan became a
thing of the past.  In the fall of 1896 interest in boating revived,
and at the present time canoeing on the river is one of the favorite
recreations of the undergraduates.
As far back as I881-82 the sport of lawn-tennis was mentioned in the college annual.  The Chronicle in 1883 noted
a large increase in the number of players, and on the 5th day of
November in that year an association to take charge of the interests of the game was formed.    In the spring of 1884 a vacant
space in the southwest corner of the campus, and room for one
court in the southeast corner, were set apart for the use of the
association.  The sport, though enjoyed by many students, has
not with us been carried to the degree of excellence attained at
certain other colleges. The following undergraduates have won
the University championships in tennis singles:
L. M. Dennis, '85,              V. M. Elting, '92 /,
Charles McClellan, '86,         L. H. Paddock, '93 /,
C. T. Miller, '88,              W. D. McKenzie, '96,
J. R. Angell, '90,              W. D. Herrick, '98,
B. E. Page, '9i,                C. W. Seabury, '98.
The championships in doubles have been won by the following:
E. O. Grosvenor, '85,           A. S. Brown, '93 1,
S. F. Hawley, '85,              R. M. Shaw, '92 1,
J. C. Hamill, '85 /,            L. H. Paddock, '93 /,
J. M. Jaycox, '87,              H. P. Dodge, '93,
W. H. Muir, '88,                H. W. Suydam, '94,
'. H. Gale, '88,                H. E. Chickering, '94,
C. T. Miller, '88,              W. D. McKenzie, '96,
J. R. Angell, '90,              C. W. Seabury, '98,
G. P. Codd, '9i,                W. D. Herrick, '98,
B. E. Page, '91,                L. M. Harvey, '98,
T. N. Jayne, '90,               R. S. Danforth, '98,
W. F. Slocum, '92,              Butler Lamb, 'oo.
In I893 Lewis H. Paddock, '93 /, won the Northwestern T.
A. A. championship in singles, and he and H. W. Suydam, '94,
won that year the championship in doubles.
It is hardly practicable to present a complete and at the same
time an interesting history of field and track sports at Michigan.
On the Monday before Commencement in 1876 an "Athletic
Tournament " was held on the Fair Grounds under the auspices of
the Boating Association. According to the college paper of the




72


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


day the affair was a success; sundry records made elsewhere were
beaten; and the sum of $1oo was netted for the Boat Club. The
chief honors were carried off by J. H. Fiske, W. R. Roberts, E. J.
Snover, and J. E. Turtle, all of '77, and by R. W. Corwin, '78 nm,
and W. S. Jenkins, '78. The first "Field Day," so-called, at
Michigan, was held June 23, 1879, and was an athletic as well as
a financial success. Many of the events were captured by W. W.
Hannan and W. M. Thompson, both of '80, the former winning
the ioo yards' dash, the 220 yards' dash, and the baseball throw,
while the latter won the ten-mile walk and the fencing contest. I.
K. Pond, '79, won the standing long-jump. All of the records
made that day have been broken,
and need not be repeated here.
May 15, 1880, an "Athletic Tournament" was held, and there was
another Field-Day, June 29, i88o.
In i88i two Field-Days, the one
in the spring, the other in the autumn, were held. After a time the
<_. -.-', 5!^ )~... — '.Baseball Association took charge
of the first, and the Rugby Association managed the second field
meeting.
7-v ^In 1885, on account of F. N.
Bonine, '86 m, a fast "sprinter,"
Michigan secured a membership
in the Intercollegiate Athletic AsPOWER HOUSE.
sociation, and he won the 0oo
yards' dash at New Yo:k. Several times in recent years our University has had representatives at intercollegiate meetings in the
East.
For lack of systematic management interest in track and field
sports waned after I886 until i888, when the presence in Ann Arbor of several amateur athletes from Detroit brought about a
revival. Again there was a period of repose, but interest was
aroused once more by the organization of the Northwestern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, composed of Michigan, Northwestern, Wisconsin, and Minnesota Universities. At the Field
Day of this combination, held in Chicago, June 4, 1893, Michigan
made 52 points, Wisconsin 45, and Northwestern 15. The honors
for Michigan were won by A. M. Ashley, '93 1, I. C. Belden, '93,




SPORTS AND GAMES


I73


G. L. Reed, '94 1, G. H. Chapman, '96, and W. F. Geary, '96.
When the spring of I894 arrived the Northwestern Athletic
Association was a thing of the past.  In its stead an arrangement
for holding Western intercollegiate games at Chicago was made,
but Michigan decided to ignore the western contests, and to send
to the American Intercollegiate contests at New York any men who
qualified. This determination excited so much unfavorable comment that it was reversed, and entries were sent to Chicago only
ten days before the games.   The result was disastrous, Michigan's representatives scoring only five points and coming out sixth
in a series of contests in which eleven colleges took part.  Illinois
scored 37, Wisconsin 22, Iowa State 16, Chicago io, and Iowa
College Io.
From 1879 to 1883 considerable interest was manifested in
fencing, and spasmodic revivals of that sport have occurred
in recent years.   Of course there have been walking clubs,
bicycle clubs, hunting clubs, and fishing clubs, but interest in
these has been neither wide-spread nor permanent. The chief outdoor games among us are and probably always will De baseball,
football, and tennis.
Organization has been found to be as necessary in the matter
of sports and games as in other departments of college life.  Some
mention of baseball and football clubs has been made in the preceding pages; but a fuller account will now be attempted.
From 1872 until 1878 the interests of baseball were in the hands
of a general organization at first called informally the "Baseball
Clubs", but named in 1876 the Baseball Association. This gave
way in 1878-79 to the Athletic Association.   Upon the demise
of the latter it was revived; and it was continued until the formation of a new Athletic Association in 1890.  The Presidents were
these:
1872-73, C. B. Keeler, '73,  1883-85, H. F. Forbes, '84,
I873-75, E. D. Root, '75,    I885-86, D. C. Corbett, '85,
I875-76, F. E. Bliss, '73, '79 1,  I886-88, P. R. B. dePont,
I876-77, E. J. Snover, '77,  1888-89, F. W. Hawks, '89,
I877-78, W. C. Johnson, '78,  1889-90, C. A. Higley, '90 /.
As early as 1873-74 an association to manage football affairs
was formed. This was maintained with little or no interruption
until I878, when a general "Athletic Association" was established.
The Presidents of the old organization were:
1873-74, C. J. Thomas, '74,  1876-78, D. N. DeTar, '78,
1874-75, G. E. Pantlind, '75,  1878-79, F. S. Bell, '79.




' 74


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


In 1884 it was thought that football interests had been neglected by the Athletic Association, and so the " Rugby Association"
was formed, which in 1890 was merged in the present Athletic
Association.  The Presidents of the Rugby were:
I883-84, T. W. Gilmore, '94,  I887-88, J. L. Duffy, '88,
1884-85, E. A. Rosenthal, '85 1,  1888-89, J. E. Duffy, '90,
I885-86, E. L. Dorn, '86,     1889-90, T. H. Hinchman, Jr., '9I.
I886-87, F. F. Bumps, '87.
An institution called  the "University Athletic Club" was
formed in 1874 for the purpose of encouraging boxing and other
gymnastic exercises.  As it had nothing to do with baseball or
football, its scope was much less extensive than its title suggests.
Albert L. Arey, '75, was the first President, and his successor
was F. L. Sizer, '78.
October 26, 1878, the Football Association was reorganized
as the "Athletic Association of the University".  A few months
later the new society became incorporated, and by one of its
articles a trust fund to be known as the "Gymnasium  Fund" was
established, with President Angell, Judge Cooley, Professor Tyler,
and two others as trustees. Augmented by subscriptions, by the
receipts from entertainments and by the contributed earnings of
various student enterprises, the fund gradually increased to more
than $6,000, and was used, thirteen years after its foundation, in
equipping the Waterman Gymnasium.
For a time the new Athletic Association flourished.  In i881
a memorable contest took place over the presidency of it, and
according to the college paper the votes of impecunious members
found a ready market at prices ranging from one to three dollars,
while the friends of the candidates readily paid the back dues of
old members and the entrance fees of new men in order to secure
votes.  Two years later the offices sought the men, and in 1884
the association collapsed "the victim of the football and baseball
teams which it sought to control".  In 1890 all the athletic interests of the University were wisely, and, it is hoped, permanently,
reunited in one management, the "University of Michigan Athletic Association", by which a new and carefully-drawn constitution was adopted.  Following is the list of Presidents from  1879
to I884, and since I890:
1879-80, C. S. Mitchell, '80,  1891-92, S. C. Spitzer, '94,
I880-8I, F. G. Allen, '8I,    1892-94, E. C. Shields, '94,
I881-82, H. S. Mahon, '82,    I895-96, J. H. Prentiss, '96,
1882-83, A. T. Packard, '83,  1897-98, J. DeF. Richards, '98,
I883-84, S. F. Hawley, '85,   1898-99, H. I. Weinstein, '99.
1890-91, H. G. Field, '91,




SPORTS AND GAMES


I75


The University Boating Association did not get fairly under
way until 1875, and its Presidents were:
Ben T. Cable, '76,            C. E. Beecher, '78.
H. C. Moore, '77,
A separate association was maintained by tennis players until
the formation, in 1890, of the general Athletic Association. The
Presidents and their respective terms have been as follows:
I883-84, J. L. Hamill, '85 1.  I887-88, W. H. Muir, '88,
1884-85, H. B. Wilson, '86 h,  1888-89, C. P. Taylor, '89,
I885-87, S. K. Pittman, '87,  i889-9o, J. R. Angell, '9o.
For all of their regular athletic exercises except tennis the
students now use the ten-acre tract on the west side of South State
street, half a mile from the campus, bought by the Regents in
1890. The price paid was $3,000, and the sum of $4,500 was expended in fitting up the grounds, which could not be used untilthe
spring of 1892. The batting of balls on the campus is now prohibited. For tennis, fine courts have been laid in the campus,
south of the Gymnasium. With the acquisition of the State street
grounds, and with the opening of the Gymnasium, a new era in
Michigan "athletics" began, although it is as yet too early to
realize fully the benefits which are certain to result from these
privileges.
Since I893 athletic sports among the students of Michigan
have been subject to the supervision of a Board of Control composed of five professors or instructors selected by the University
Senate, and of four undergraduates chosen by the Athletic Association. There is also an Advisory Board made up of professors
and graduates.
In-door amusements have not received the attention given
to field sports.  The    Palladium     for I860-6I  mentions
the "University Chess Club", fourteen members, Ira Olds,
'62, President, and the "Lloyd Chess Club", of which Frederick Arn, '6I, was President, and which had thirteen members.
Then in I86 -62, there was the " Paulsen Chess Club ", composed
of sixteen men, with J. E. Eastman, '62, for President. The class
of '68 supported in its senior year, perhaps earlier, a chess club
with ten members.  Nothing more is recorded of chess until I877 -78, when we read about the "University Chess Club", whereof
C. C. Whitacre, '80, was President, and to which twenty-five men
paid dues. Of a chess club which flourished with thirty-five members in I885-87, C. P. Beckwith, '87, was the presiding officer.




I 76


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Two years ago a club for the playing of chess was formed, and of
it Allan Campbell, '99, and R. B. Griffith, 'oo m, have been the
Presidents.
Whist clubs at Ann Arbor have been numerous. Of them
may be mentioned the "Whist Club" of 1872-73, the "University
Whist Club " of I876-76, the "Odd Trick Whist Club " (law department) of 1878-79, and the present " Whist Club", formed in
1897, of which Butler Lamb, 'oo, is the President. It is possible
that other games of cards have had their devotees among us, but
records of them have not been preserved.
In I860-6 there was a "Shakespearian Club" of which W. S.
Harroun, '63, was the President. It had thirteen members. A
"Shakespeare Club" flourished with thirteen members in I872-73,
and another " Shakesperian Club" existed in 1878-79. More enduring and more successful than any of the foregoing was the
"Dramatic Club" which lived from i886 to 1890. Of it F. W.
Mehlhop, '88, was the President during the first year, and after
that C. T. Alexander, '90, had charge. This organization presented very successfully several plays in public. What may have
been a continuation of the same club existed in I890-91 with A.
C. Lewerenz, '91, as President.  "The U. of M. Comedy Club ",
now one of the most notable of our student organizations, was
formed in 1894. From the start E. P. dePont, '94, has been the
stage-manager. In 1896-97, A. M. Smith, '97, was the President,
and T. J. Weadock, '98 /, is now the official head of the club.




CHAPTER XI


ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES
For the origin of the Greek-letter fraternity system at Michigan and elsewhere one must look to the venerable Phi Beta
Kappa, founded one hundred and twenty-two years ago by undergraduates of the old Virginian and Episcopalian College of William and Mary.   It used to be said that this Society was a branch
of the Bavarian Illuminati, but nothing in the records or in the
conduct of the order warrants the statement.  On                 ^ 
the other hand one of the
founders declared that Phi
Beta was instituted to "rivalise" an earlier society, 
the name of which, long
since forgotten, was expressed by Latin initials.
In this connection it is
ORIGINAL BADGE OF PHI BETA KAPPA.
worth while to note that
Phi Beta Kappa also bore a Latin name, the Roman letters "S. P."
on the reverse of its badge standing for " Societas Philosophica ".
Doubtless the founders of the original Greek-letter society had
recourse to the Hellenic tongue that they might go their rivals one
better.
It was on the 5th day of December, 1776, that John Heath,
Thomas Smith, Richard Booker, Armisted Smith, and John Jones,
inspired, as their record runs, "by a happy spirit and resolution
of attaining the important ends of Society ", resolved to establish
a Greek-letter fraternity.  To their numbers were soon added
Daniel Fitzhugh, John Stuart, Theodore Fitzhugh, aud John
Starke; and on the 5th of January, 1777, the members took and
instituted the following oath which, but slightly modified, was
afterwards transmitted to the Northern branches:
"I, A. B., do swear on the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, or otherwise, as calling the Divine Being to attest this my oath, declaring that I will, with
all my possible efforts, endeavor to prove true, just and deeply attached to this, our
growing fraternity, in keeping, holding, and preserving all secrets that pertain to
my duty and for the promotion and advancement of its internal welfare."




I78


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Originally the order was an undergraduate literary and social
fraternity.  There were meetings weekly or fortnightly, with
declamations, essays, and debates. Those who failed to fill an
appointment to literary duty were heavily fined. That the social
side of college life might not be neglected, every anniversary of
the foundation was celebrated by a feast in the Apollo Hall of the
old Raleigh Tavern at Williamstown. The records tell us of "a
very elegant entertainment" given to the Society, at the Raleigh,
April 19, 1779, by Mr. Bowdoin, who was about to depart for
Europe. After many toasts suitable to the occasion, the evening
was spent by the members in a manner which indicated the highest esteem for their departed friend, mixed with sorrow for his
intended absence, and joy for his future prospects in life ".
Membership was confined at first to collegians who had
"arrived at the age of sixteen ", but two years after the foundation of the fraternity this rule was abrogated, evidently in favor of
young officers of the patriot army stationed in the vicinity. Not
much later Captain John Marshall, afterwards Chief Justice of the
United States, was admitted.  The report, long current, that
Thomas Jefferson was one of the founders, and that he imported
the society from France, was as baseless as the alleged German
origin of the order. William Short, afterwards distinguished as a
diplomat, was the last surviving founder of Phi Beta Kappa.
In I.79 it was determined to issue charters to members applying for them, giving authority to establish branches —" meetings"
they were called-in other cities and towns of Virginia. The new
branches were named in the order of the Greek alphabet, and
had a distinct relation to the mother "Alpha " at William and
Mary.   Whether these chapters, five in number, were actually
established, we do not know. It seems, however, that the "Beta"
was really organized at Hampden-Sidney. If in fact instituted
none of them survived the parent chapter.
December 5, 1780, Elisha Parmele, sometime an undergraduate at Yale, and a graduate of Harvard in the class of 1778, having become a member of Phi Beta Kappa during a term of teaching
at Williamstown (probably as a tutor in the college), was granted
a charter for the establishment of an "Epsilon" at Harvard; and
four days later a charter for a "Zeta" at Yale was also granted to
him. However, the charters, when prepared, designated the new
"meetings" as the Alpha of Massachusetts Bay, and the Alpha of
Connecticut. The first of these documents began in these words:




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I79


"The members of the Phi Beta Kappa of William and Mary College, Virginia, to their well and truly beloved brother, Elisha Parmele, greeting:"Whereas it is repugnant to the liberal principles of Societies that they be
confined to any particular place, men, or description of men; and (whereas it is
expedient) that the same should be extended to the wise and virtuous of every
degree and of whatever country,"We the members and Brothers of the -4BK, an Institution founded on literary principles, being willing and desirous to propagate the same, have at the
instance and petition of our good brother, Elisha Parmele, of the University of
Cambridge, in the State of Massachusetts Bay, and from the confidence we repose
in the Integrity, Discretion, and good Conduct of our said Brother, unanimously
agreed and resolved to give and delegate, and we do therefore by these our present
letters of Party Charter give and delegate by unanimous consent to you the said
Elisha Parmele the following rights, privileges, authority, and power, that is to
say," st. That at the University of Cambridge to establish a Fraternity of the
4BK to consist of not less than three Persons of Honor, Probity, and good
demeanor, which shall be denominated the AAab of Massachusetts Bay, and as
soon as such number of those shall be chosen you shall proceed to hold a meeting
to be called your Foundation Meeting, and appoint your officers agreeably to Law.
2dly. That the form of Initiation and oath of Secrecy shall be, as well in the
first, as in every other instance, those prescribed by Iaw, and none other".
The charter continues in ten articles.     Like it was the one
for the AiYa of Connecticut, and like it also, mnuatis mutandis,
were all the other early charters.   But for these instruments confided to Parmele Phi Beta Kappa must have perished; for soon
after they were granted the approaching tide of war caused the
death of the Alpha of Virginia.    During the year 1780 the attendance at the meetings of the society greatly
decreased, as many of the students had entered the army or for other reasons had 
left college.   On the fourth anniversary,         S 
December 5, 1780, only five members assembled at the Raleigh.      A  month later 
these five met to provide for the preservation of their records; they decided to make
the College Steward the depository of them
"to remain with him until the desirable SEAL OF COLLEGE OF WILEvent of the Society its Resurrection", and       LIAM AND MARY.
further stating that they made the deposit "in the sure and certain
hope that the fraternity will one day rise (in) life everlasting and
glory immortal". The seal was taken by Archibald Stuart, the
Vice-President, and after his death it was found in a secret drawer
in his house, in I832.   The records were discovered in 1849, and
through William Short (then living in Philadelphia), steps were
taken which resulted in the reorganization of the parent Alpha in,
1855. But the Civil War again killed the chapter.. By the estab



I8o


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


lishment, ten years ago, in connection with the ancient foundation
at Williamstown, of the State Normal College of Virginia, the perpetuity of William and Mary has been assured; and in the year 1895
Phi Beta Kappa for the third time was organized at Williamtown.
In 1781, Mr. Parmele, armed with the charters which have
been mentioned, and with the "Code of Laws" of the parent
chapter, proceeded to fulfil the obligations imposed upon him. In
April he initiated at Goshen, Connecticut, —his birthplace-Ezra
Stiles, Jr., Samuel Newell, Reuben Parmelie, and Linde Lorde,
five students of Yale, who in the following November admitted at
New Haven a number of "Bachelor seniors and juniors". Proceeding to Cambridge this connecting link between the dead and
the living Phi Beta Kappa, between the South and the North,
agreed with four members of the Harvard class of '82 to receive
them into the fraternity. Their foundation meeting seems to have
been in July, 1781, and their first regular meeting was held September 5, following, when five more men of '82 were chosen "to
be sounded for admission in Phi Beta Kappa".
As the mother Alpha was dead, and as Mr. Parmele had
passed away soon after he organized the two New England Alphas,
the latter were left to provide for the extension and perpetuity of
the order. In each charter there was a provision investing the
chapter with the privilege of establishing other branches in the
state, and provision was made for correspondence between the
different "meetings" on matters pertaining to the general interests of the fraternity. Under these provisions arose a custom,
which prevailed for a hundred years, whereby each Alpha was
allowed to charter new branches in its own state, the consent of
all the Alphas being, however, required before a college in a new
state could receive a charter.
In 1787 the two Alphas united in awarding a charter to Aaron
Kinsman, a Dartmouth senior, who, with four of his classmates,
founded a chapter at his college on the 2oth of August. Three
years later a charter was refused to Brown University because that
institution had admitted as "Sophimores " persons who would not
rank as freshmen at Cambridge.
For nearly thirty years the fraternity was composed of the
Alphas of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. The
three chapters were senior societies of a literary and social kind.
Meetings for literary work were held quite regularly, and every
Commencement there was a reunion. The connection between




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


i8i


the Alphas was slight, and the inter-chapter correspondence, somewhat forced at the best, flagged after 1789.
In 1817, the established policy of non-extension was set aside
in favor of Union College. By the concurring resolves of the
Alphas of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, the
charter of the Alpha of New York was granted, May I, to Chancellor Kent and two others, thus permitting the organization of a
branch which, besides becoming the mother of seven chapters,
really is entitled to the credit of suggesting the present Greekletter fraternities; for the oldest of the
latter was instituted at Union eight years  -
after the establishment there of Phi Beta      -
Kappa. In 1825 a branch of Phi Beta
was started at Bowdoin, and in 1830 
Brown was added to the roll. Not until       1 B  K.1845, when Trinity and Wesleyan re- 
ceived charters, did other admissions
occur.
Toward the close of the first third
of the present century the order was con-  SEAL OF PHI BETA KAPPA
AT YALE.
fronted with a grave crisis. As early as
1789 at Harvard the society narrowly escaped investigation for tending "to make a discrimination among the students "; and at Yale
undergraduate jealousy led to the rifling of the chapter's archives.
Both at Harvard and at Dartmouth the charter provisions in
regard to secrecy caused trouble at an early date. In 1826 the
New Hampshire Alpha abolished the obligation concerning
secrecy-save as to the symbols on the medal. Five years later
the Harvard Chapter was subjected to an anti-secret crusade led
by John Quincy Adams, and was involved in the general agitation
against all secret societies which resulted from  the "Morgan
mystery ". About this time Avery Allyn, himself a member of
Phi Beta Kappa, published the " Ritual of Freemasonry", in which
appears a "Key to the Phi Beta Kappa". For this perjury he
assigns the secret nature of the fraternity and its "infidel motto".
He declares that the society, like Freemasonry, is of foreign manufacture, and discloses both the motto (PetAoaoia Biov Kouspvrrs)
and its meaning (Philosophy, Guide of Life).  "Philosophy", he
says, "has been the watchword of infidels in every age". Admitting that the members as far as he knows are "all highminded
and honorable, employing their talents for the public good in the


13




I82


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


various departments of civil and religious society, he demands
that the order abandon its " secrecies" and "assume an American
name ", or disband. Bowing to the storm the Alpha of Massachusetts gave up its secrets. The Alphas at Yale, Union, Bowdoin, and Brown held the fort bravely, and for many years
continued to style themselves secret societies. Even as late as
I870-7I the society annual at Brown ridiculed members of the
anti-secret fraternity for joining this ' secret" association. A few
years ago the Senate of Phi Beta Kappa declared secrecy to be
unnecessary, and recent charters impose no obligation of that sort.
With secrecy departed all the charm and nearly all the prestige of the order. Excepting perhaps for a brief period at Yale


/.X '..   ': a~,....
I:..
SEAL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
usual proportion selected,


the Northern Phi Beta Kappa never
was a fraternity in the old Virginian
or in the modern sense; and gradually the society became an honorary
organization with an "active" membership composed of about one-third
of each senior class elected according to scholarship as indicated by
the books of the Faculty. In most
colleges elections are conferred at
the close of junior year, and often
there is a second "drawing" in senior year.  One-fourth is now the
and at Yale and Harvard the total


number chosen from   each class is less than one-sixth.  For
many years chapter meetings nearly everywhere have been confined
to those held for the election of members, and to the annual
reunion at Commencement.
Although long before the close of the first half of the present
century Phi Beta Kappa had become a scheme for indicating and
rewarding scholastic attainments, the various Alphas continued to
grant charters in their respective states, or to combine in placing
chapters in states not before entered. Thus the Alpha of Ohio
was instituted at Western Reserve in I847, the Alpha of Vermont
at the University of Vermont in 1848, and the Alpha of Alabama
at the State University in I850. Amherst received a charter in
I853, Kenyon in i858, New York University in 1858, Marietta in
1860, Williams in I864, the Free Academy (now the College of
the City of New York) in 1867, Middlebury College in I868,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I83


Rutgers and Columbia in 1869, Hamilton in I870, Hobart in I871,
Colgate in 1878, and Cornell in I883.
At the annual meeting of the Alpha of Massachusetts in i880,
a committee of five members, of which the Rev. Edward Everett
Hale was chairman, was appointed to arrange for a convention of
all the chapters of Phi Beta Kappa to be held in Cambridge the
day after Commencement in I88I, in commemoration of the centennial of the Harvard Chapter.  Invitations requesting each
chapter to send five delegates to the convention were issued by
this committee. The convention assembled June 30, I88I, twelve
chapters being represented by twenty-nine delegates. By a series
of preliminary steps, the first of which were taken at this conclave, a constitution has been adopted for "The United Chapters
of Phi Beta Kappa", and a National Council, or governing body,
consisting of twenty Senators and of three delegates from each
chapter, has been provided for. Every third year a meeting of
the Council is held, and ten new senators are elected to succeed
ten whose terms have expired. In the interval between the meetings of the Council the Senate acts for the United Chapters. The
first triennial session was held in 1883. All of the existing chapters of Phi Beta Kappa have acceded to the new constitution; and
the society, while incapable of an active undergraduate life, seems
to be assured of a dignified and useful existence as a graduate
institution.
Under the new regime chapters have been instituted at
Dickinson, Lehigh, and Rochester, in 1887; at DePauw, in I889;
at Kansas, Northwestern, and Lafayette, in I890; at Tufts and
Minnesota, in I892; at Pennsylvania, in 1893; at Colby, Syracuse,
Swarthmore, Johns Hopkins, Iowa, and Nebraska, in I895. The
total number of living chapters is forty.  Formerly there were
chapters in the Universities of Alabama and Mississippi, but they
are now extinct. As for the number of members, dead or living,
it is about I9,ooo.  Many of the chapters have printed their
respective rolls, but a general catalogue has not been issued.
The original badge of Phi Beta Kappa was a square silver
medal engraved on one side with an index hand, three stars, and
the Greek initials of the society's motto, while on the reverse are
the letters S. P., and the date December 5, I776. This badge was
worn suspended on a cord by an eyelet attached to the middle of
one of the sides. At the North the medal was for a time worn
suspended by a pink or blue ribbon, and afterwards the badge




184


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


became a gold key with an oblong shape instead of a square. The
number of stars varies somewhat in the different chapters.
Nearly fifty years ago a movement to organize a chapter of
Phi Beta Kappa at Michigan was set on foot, but the absence of
a marking system and the indifference or hostility of
the Faculty defeated the project. It is to be regretted that there exists among us no society instituted
for the purpose of high scholarship in classical
studies; and perhaps the obstacles in the way of
founding such a society are not insurmountable.
As has been related, a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa was organized at Union College in 1817. This
branch of the old Virginian order never had more
than an honorary existence, although membership
in it, as in the three other Northern branches, was
KEY OF PHI valued as evidence of high scholarship. Afew years
BETA KAPPA.
after the institution of the chapter a company of
about sixty students for out-door exercise and military drill was
formed in the college. Upon the graduation, in 1825, of Captain Edward Bayard, so warm a conflict for the command ensued
that it was deemed advisable to divide the company.  A reaction
of feeling led to indifference; the military fever had run its course;
and, to use the words of a founder of the oldest of the present
Greek-letter societies, "there was left only an aching void, waiting to be filled by an inspiration of genius from some quarter,
which was not long in coming". About the middle of November, 1825, certain members of the military company mentioned,
including two of its chief officers, determined to organize a new
secret society for literary and social purposes; and, November 26,
Messrs. Hunter, Jackson, and Hun, of the senior class, formally
initiated two of their classmates, Young and Knox, after which
action the name of Kappa Alpha was formally adopted. Early in
the following month seven more members of '26 were initiated into
the new order.
On the 4th day of March, 1827, the fraternity of Sigma
Phi was founded at Union by members of the class of '27, some of
whom had belonged to the same military company in which were
the originators of Kappa Alpha. Then came Delta Phi, organized
in November, 1827, by nine men of '28. Psi Upsilon, also of
Union (ollege, was founded by seven undergraduates in November,
I833. In the meantime Sigma Phi had started a branch at Hamil



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


i85


ton College, which may be said to have suggested-or hastenedthe foundation of Alpha Delta Phi in the same college in January,
I832. Kappa Alpha placed a chapter in Williams College in 1833,
and was followed there by Sigma Phi a year later. A third branch
of Sigma Phi, organized in 1835 in New York University, found
itself preceded there by Alpha Delta Phi, which, having placed a
chapter at Miami University in 1834, had, one year later, entered
New York. A third chapter of Kappa Alpha, the one at Hobart,
was not organized until 1844, in which year Delta Kappa Epsilon
was founded at Yale. Before that date both Alpha Delta Phi and
Psi Upsilon had become widely extended fraternities, the former
having formed a roll of twelve chapters, eight of which were alive
at the close of 1843, while Psi Upsilon at the opening of 1844 had
ten branches, all in active operation.
In 1839 Beta Theta Pi, the oldest of the societies of Western
origin, was founded at Miami University, having been suggested
by the five-year old chapter of Alpha Delta Phi in the same institution. Chi Psi was organized at Union in 1841; and Theta Delta
Chi, instituted in 1847, completes the roll of the fraternities now
existing which trace their origin to the ancient college in Schenectady. Earlier in I847,
possibly in 1846, Zeta 
Psi arose in New York
University, where it
had for rivals Alpha 
Delta Phi, Sigma Phi, 
Psi Upsilon, and Delta  /     '   \ -
Phi.  The last named      6    A             3        i
fraternity was slower 
than most of its rivals
in extending its boundaries, for its chapters
organized before I844                           il
were only four in number, viz., Union,             BADGE OF KAPPA ALPHA.
Brown, New    York,
and Columbia. At the last-named college, and at the same time
at New York University, Delta Psi, the ninth in age of the ten
Eastern fraternities, was founded in I847. Chi Psi, starting at
Union in 1841, and D. K. E. at Yale in I844, were extended very
rapidly, as also were Zeta Psi and Theta Delta Chi. Delta Upsi



i86


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Ion, the non-secret fraternity, took a Greek name in 1857-58, having previously existed as the "Anti-Secret Confederation", of
which the oldest branch was founded in 1834, at Williams College.
As has been said, Beta Theta Pi was the earliest fraternity of
Western origin. Phi Gamma Delta, founded in 1848, at what was
really a Western institution, Jefferson College in Western Pennsylvania, was the second. Phi Delta Theta arose in Miami University in I848, and there also Sigma Chi was organized seven years
later. In the meantime a fraternity called Phi Kappa Sigma had
been started in the University of Pennsylvania, and Phi Kappa
Psi, now a widely-extended order, was instituted at Jefferson College early in 1852. Another society, which, until recently, was
chiefly confined to the Western states, is Delta Tau Delta, founded
in 1859 at Bethany College, West Virginia. All of these societies
have branches in the Eastern, many of them in the Southern states.
In 1854 a fraternity called Chi Phi was organized in the College of New Jersey, now styled Princeton University. An attempt
has been made to connect this society with an organization said to
have existed in [824 at Princeton, and to have been known as
XPTT-aou P)Loi. Even if such a society really existed in 1824 no
actual connection between it and the later Chi Phi has been shown
or even claimed, nor is the name of any member of the earlier
organization known. In view of these facts the claim of Chi Phi
to seniority in age among the existing Greek-letter fraternities has
not been allowed except within the limits of that order. The society as it exists at present is a combination of three distinct fraternities, and has branches in widely separated states.
In 1856, at the University of Alabama, was founded the earliest of the present Greek-letter Southern fraternities.  It had a
somewhat rapid extension before the Civil War, and since then
has spread into all parts of the country.  Other fraternities of
Southern origin are the Alpha Tau Omega and the Kappa Alpha,
both founded in i865, the Kappa Sigma, formed in 1867, the Pi
Kappa Alpha organized in 1868, and the Sigma Nu, started in
i869.
Besides the twenty-five fraternities already mentioned there
have been many others which have died or which have been
merged in some of the existing societies. None of these was important, although some of them had individual chapters that were
locally strong. There have also been many local societies, that is,
organizations confined to a single college. Most of them have




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I87


perished or have been absorbed by the intercollegiate fraternities,
but some still flourish. Among the latter are the I. K. A. of Trinity, the Lambda Iota and Delta Psi of Vermont, the Phi Nu Theta
of Wesleyan, the Kappa Kappa Kappa of Dartmouth, and the
Berzelius and the Book and Snake of the Yale Scientific School.
It is usual to divide the collegiate fraternities into classes,
according to the geographical distribution of their chapters. Except in the chronological sense this arrangement is somewhat misleading, for most of the Western and two or three of the Southern
fraternities now have chapters in New England and New York.
As a rule the Eastern societies, though older
than the others, have shorter chapter rolls;
and they have extended themselves very cau-  ii
tiously in the West, and almost not at all in 
the South. Kappa Alpha, the oldest of all.. 
the fraternities, has also the fewest chapters,
having had only eight in all, of which six
survive.  Sigma Phi has had ten chapters,
of which two are dead.  Delta Phi has had  SEAL OF YALE COLLEGE.
sixteen in all, twelve of which remain. Delta
Psi has granted nineteen charters, and now has eight branches.
Of the twenty-two chapters instituted by Psi Upsilon, twenty-one
are living. Chi Psi retains eighteen of a list of twenty-eight
branches. Alpha Delta Phi now has twenty-three active chapters,
the total number of its charters thus far being thirty-one.  Of the
thirty-one branches started by Zeta Psi, twenty remain. Theta
Delta Chi has instituted thirty-nine chapters and holds twenty-one,
while D. K. E., the largest of all the Eastern fraternities, flourishes
in thirty-five of the forty-eight colleges which it has entered. Many
of the fraternities of Western or Southern origin surpass even Delta
Kappa Epsilon in the number of their chapters, Phi Delta Theta
having had eighty-six branches of which sixty-three survive, while
Sigma Alpha Epsilon has had eighty-six in all, and has preserved
fifty-five. Of the eighty-one chapters instituted by Beta Theta Pi
sixty-two are in active operation.  Sigma Chi has entered seventytwo different colleges and now has fifty branches. Of Phi Gamma
Delta's seventy-two chapters, forty-five survive. Delta Tau Delta
has been less fortunate, having preserved only thirty-eight of its
sixty-seven charges. Phi Kappa Psi has granted fifty-seven charters, thirty-nine of which are held at the colleges for which they
were issued. Delta Upsilon, the non-secret fraternity, has thirtyone living and only five inactive chapters.




I88


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Kappa Alpha has fewer members than any of its younger
rivals, having initiated only 1,360 men. Sigma Phi has 2,100,
Delta Phi 3,000, Delta Psi 3,000, Chi Psi 3,800, Theta Deta Chi
3,900, Zeta Psi 4,500, Delta Upsilon 6,500, Alpha Delta Phi
7,800, Psi Upsilon 8,800, and D. K. E., the largest of the Eastern
fraternities, 13,000. Of the other fraternities, Beta Theta Pi and
Phi Delta Theta have about 9,600 apiece, while Phi Kappa Psi has
7,300, Phi Gamma Delta 6,Ioo, Sigma Chi 6,ooo, Delta Tau Delta
5,700, and Sigma Alpha Epsilon 5,000.
From insignificant groups of students the older Greek-letter
orders have developed into select and powerful organizations which
hand down their traditions from generation to generation, and
which include in their ranks most of the eminent college graduates
of the past sixty years. Half a century ago nearly all of the
college presidents of the country were unfriendly to the secret
orders; today the presidents of Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, Amherst, Trinity, Vermont, Columbia, Union, Hamilton, Rochester,
Rutgers, Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and other prominent institutions, are men who
during college life wore the badges of secret orders.
The first catalogue printed by any of the modern Greek-letter
societies was issued by Sigma Phi in 1832. Kappa Alpha first published the roll of its members in 1835. Alpha Delta
Phi, the first fraternity to secure a long list of chapters, issued a catalogue in 1837. Four years later
appeared the first roll of Psi Upsilon. Delta Kappa
Epsilon's earliest catalogue came out in 185. Sigma
Phi was the first society to print a geographical arrangement of its membership, and Psi Upsilon was
the first to publish lists showing which of its mem
ORIGINAL BADGE bers were sons or brothers of other members;
OF PSI UPSILON.
features which are included in all recent catalogues.
The first catalogue illustrated with elaborate biographical data was
emitted by Psi Upsilon nineteen years ago.  This example has
been admirably followed by Alpha Delta Phi, Chi Psi, D. K. E.,
Sigma Phi, Kappa Alpha, Delta Upsilon, Phi Delta Theta, Sigma
Chi, Phi Kappa Psi, and Beta Theta Pi. Nearly fifty years ago Psi
Upsilon issued the first song-book, and Alpha Delta Phi followed
suit in 85 1.
The first chapter-house acquired by a Greek-letter fraternityif we except the log-cabin of Chi Psi at Michigan-was the build



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I89


ing purchased by Sigma Phi at Williams College in I857. Other
buildings built or purchased at early dates were the lodge of
D. K. E. at Yale, built in i86i, and the house of Kappa Kappa
Kappa at Dartmouth, bought in 1862. Psi Upsilon, which has
the largest number of buildings, viz., fifteen, built its first lodge in
1870 at Yale. The eight living branches of Delta Psi are all
provided with buildings, and so are all but one of the eight
chapters of Sigma Phi. Delta Kappa Epsilon has many chapterhouses and lodges, as also has Alpha Delta Phi. The finest society
lodge is the one recently purchased by Chi Psi at Cornell, which
originally cost $50o,ooo. Among other valuable structures owned
by the fraternities are the marble house of Alpha Delta Phi at
Amherst, the Pompeiian brick and stone residence of Psi Upsilon
at Wesleyan, the chapter-house of Zeta Psi at Cornell, the stone
dormitory and lodge of Delta Psi in New Haven, and the mansion
of Sigma Phi at Williams.
In I844-45, when Michigan was about to graduate its first
class, and when the initial steps to establish fraternities at Ann
Arbor were taking, only eight intercollegiate Greek-letter orders
were in existence. These were Kappa Alpha, Sigma Phi, Delta
Phi, Alpha Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, Chi Psi, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, all Eastern societies, and Beta Theta Pi, a Western fraternity.
In 1844 the Alpha Alpha, a local society, was formed at Ann
Arbor for the purpose of securing a charter from Alpha Delta Phi;
and in 1845 organizations preliminary to Chi Psi and Beta Theta
Pi were formed. Chi Psi claims to have installed its chapter early
in the autumn of 1845; Beta Theta Pi was started in November,
i845, and Alpha Delta Phi was not instituted until Commencement
in 1846. All three had men in the class of '45. Chi Psi and Beta
Theta Pi for many years claimed priority, but the former is conceded to have made its public appearance first. The establishment
of these secret orders led to a long and bitter conflict with the
Faculty.
In I840, before any student had been matriculated, a code of
by-laws for the government of the prospective undergraduates was
prepared. Rule 20 of this code was as follows:
" No student shall be or become a member of any Society connected with
the University or consisting of students, which has not first submitted its constitution to the Faculty and received their approbation."
Professor Williams, the author of the code, afterward declared
that Rule 20 was designed as a check on the too numerous




Igo


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


multiplication of literary societies or debating clubs.  It was,
however, used as a weapon by the Faculty in the struggle between
the latter and the secret societies.
Soon after its organization the chapter of Chi Psi had built for
itself a log cabin in the depths of what was then known as the
Black Forest, extending
-far east of the campus.:> \~  houses now owned by the
Greek-letter fraternities
"__:~.~'.~   = —was in the neighborhood
"j _ ~^:.....~^  Testof the present Forest Hill
Cemetery. The building
-, was of roughly-hewn oak
- __,',, i______... _.__=..._ __ -logs. Its dimensions were
twenty-four by twenty
LODGE OF CHI PSI (I846).    feet. At one end was a
huge fireplace.
In the summer of 1846, while some nocturnal depredations.
and certain unofficial ringings at midnight of the chapel bell were
undergoing inquiry by the Faculty, some of the students were
traced by one of the professors to the log cabin of Chi Psi; and
being questioned they refused to tell what had occurred within,
saying that they were pledged to secrecy. They, however, frankly
informed him that the building was their society lodge, and they
explained to him the nature of the Greek-letter societies, suggesting their affiliations with similar organizations in other colleges,
and intimating that they were too strong to be dealt with harshly.
When he attempted to enter-as he conceived himself entitled to
do under a rule then in force that students' rooms should at all
times be accessible to the officers-he was firmly repulsed. All of
which was duly reported to the Faculty. Just before Commencement a member of Alpha Delta Phi who had been graduated elsewhere called upon the Faculty and asked that the organization of a
chapter in the University might be permitted, offering to exhibit so
much of the constitution as he had authority to reveal. Busied with
a meeting of the Regents and with preparations for Commencement, the Faculty promised future attention to the matter, whereupon the new society was organized immediately.
Aware that three secret societies, including a majority of the




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I9J


students, were in active operation in defiance of Rule 20, the
Faculty decided not to proceed to extreme measures, but to secure
the ultimate extinction of the obnoxious orders. This was to be
accomplished by requiring the members of the societies to promise
not to initiate any more men, and by exacting of all candidates for
matriculation a pledge not to join societies not approved by the
Faculty. Alpha Delta Phi however, claiming that it existed if not
with the approval at least by sufferance of the Faculty, initiated
new matriculates. This the professors learned in March, I847, and
after suspensions and readmissions the new initiates were obliged
to withdraw from the society, and the original members, to save
themselves from expulsion, were compelled to sign a stringent
pledge. In November, I847, Alpha Delta Phi offered a second
time to submit its constitution to the Faculty, but was informed
that the latter body "had no authority to legalize them as a society in the University of Michigan". Therefore the students contended that if the Faculty could not legalize the society it could
not forbid it; and as a further precaution the chapter changed its
style and address. In July, 1848, Beta Theta Pi sought recognition, and was informed that it came "under the prohibition of the
law ".
Toward the close of the college year I847-48 the Faculty sent
letters to the Presidents of several Eastern colleges asking opinions
concerning the desirability and feasibility of suppressing the Greekletter societies. The answers, condensed, amounted to this: "desirable but impracticable". President Woolsey of Yale thought
the influence of the societies to be "either not good or questionable". He also declared "It is doubtful whether a college government can suppress such societies, so
long as some cause or other in the feelings or
fashions of college keeps them up ".  Chan-       -l
cellor Frelinghuysen of New York Univer-   c   <-5A
sity said: "We believe them (secret soci-   I/         C
eties) to be of no use, and often of great  P 
injury ". He intimated, however, that so
many of the lawyers and other literary grad-  -.'
uates belonged to them  that suppression
would be difficult. President Hitchcock of SEAL OF UNION COLLEGE.
Amherst wrote that the society system was a
"giant evil, which, in secret, is blasting the hopes of many parents", but he thought that to suppress the societies "would not




192


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


be to kill them but to put them more out of sight and make them
more objectionable ".
These replies, together with a report from the Faculty, were
placed before the Regents, who by a tie vote rejected a resolution
favorable to the societies. With but slight check the initiation of
new students went on, a fact which, though suspected, was not
positively known to the authorities until, in 1849, a professor found
on the campus a copy-evidently intended to be sent abroad-of the
recently issued catalogue of the University, in which, printed on a
loose leaf, were the names of eleven undergraduate Chi Psis,
among them several new students. The eleven, when questioned,
admitted that the names were on the paper by their consent. At
the same time Alpha Delta Phi furnished the Faculty with a list of
its men. The defence in each case was substantially that the
society was no longer styled a chapter in the University but in
Ann Arbor, that the members did not meet on University premises,
and that as persons not connected with any college had been
admitted to membership, the society could not be regarded as
"consisting of students". Overruling this plea, the Faculty announced to the members of Alpha Delta Phi and Chi Psi that their
connection with the University would cease at the opening of the
next term, unless they renounced their affiliations.  Seven men
ostensibly withdrew from their societies, and the rest were expelled.
The members of Beta Theta Pi were not dismissed until September, I850, they having made the plea that their constitution was
not signed. Many of the expelled students went to Union, others
were graduated at Rochester, some returned to Ann Arbor, and some
never finished their college courses. Among the men permanently
lost to Michigan were not a few who have gained distinction in
professional or business careers.
Appealed to by the expelled undergraduates the Regents asked
the Faculty the reason of the expulsion of so many students. The
reply, as has been well said, "is notable because of its lack of
calm dispassionate argument, and because of the abundance of
indefinite unsupported statements". It recites that the "whole
history of these societies is a detail of obliquities", that "these
extended affiliations are a great irresponsible authority", that
"they are exclusive and oligarchic", that their meetings "are
liable to become, and often are, lawless and convivial", that they
are "a great and unnecessary expense to the poor student who
joins them," that "the regular literary societies are neglected",




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I93s


and that "these societies are the permanent sources of mutual
intrigues and jealousies". The Regents, by a committee, declared
that they felt bound to consider the statements of the Faculty as
true, and sustained the latter. Both reports were submitted to the
Legislature.
In the meantime the matter had been taken up by the newspapers and Greek-letter society graduates who had been in other
colleges and had settled in Michigan, began to attack the Faculty.
The members of the Masonic body and of other secret orders
regarded the movement as a revival of the anti-secret agitation of
1827, and were indignant. In Ann Arbor the following notice
was printed and circulated:
ATTENTION!
INDIGNATION MEETING!
The citizens of Ann Arbor are requested to meet at the Court House this
evening, at 6 o'clock, to take into consideration the conduct of the FACULTY of
the University of Michigan in expelling all the students belonging to secret
societies!
MANY CITIZENS.
DECEMBER 20, I849.
The meeting which was very largely attended, adopted vigorous resolutions which vouched for the high character of the expelled students, and declared that in the college secret societies
"confidence was engendered, honor cultivated, the intellect
expanded, truth enjoined, and virtue and morality
taught ". A complete change of the Faculty, and
another method of choosing the Regents, were recommended.
The students who had withdrawn (?) from their
societies-four Alpha Delts and three Chi Psis- 
memorialized the Legislature in a long paper, wherein they sought to show the falsity of the charges of
the Faculty; and also to the capital went a memorial  BADGE OF
signed by fifteen "neutral" students, in which the  A. D. PHI.
Faculty was upheld and action by the Legislature deprecated.
A bill was introduced in the Senate providing that the Regents should be elected by the people instead of being nominated
by the Governor. Although probably unconstitutional, it was
strenuously resisted by the friends of the Faculty and Regents.
As soon as it had accomplished its purpose in drawing the fire of
the enemy, it was laid aside. What it sought to do was done by
the act which provided for the calling of a Constitutional Conven —




I94


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


tion. That body placed in the organic law of the state the provision for which the proposed statute was drawn; and even before
the new Constitution went into effect the authorities of the University were compelled to yield to the pressure of public opinionIn October, 1850, the Faculty granted, one by one, the applications of the three societies for legal admission, sundry conditions
being imposed which never were performed and which all parties
concerned knew never would be performed.  Alpha Delta Phi
and Beta Theta Pi exhibited their constitutions (?), but Chi Psi
made only a " substantial exhibition of the system of fundamental
rules ". Thus ended the Society War, and with it passed from our
University boarding-school methods of government. The new
board of Regents repealed the obnoxious Twentieth Rule. One
of the historians of the University seeks to palliate the action of
the Faculty, and another chronicler avers that both sides emerged
from the contest with garments somewhat torn; but the truth is
that the college boys were justified in opposing with technicalities
the technical construction of an unreasonable rule, and that the
expulsions were both unjust and unwise. Before the members of
the Faculty proceeded to extreme measures they were warned by
the authorities of other colleges that attempts at suppression had
proved fruitless elsewhere. The continuance of the conflict after
I849, in the face of public opinion, and when the Regents themselves were divided, was simply fatuous.
The history of the fraternities in Michigan during the past
forty-eight years is not eventful. Chi Psi and Alpha Delta Phi
have lived uninterruptedly. Beta Theta Pi became dormant in 1850
soon after it had received permission to exist.
It was revived in I854, and flourished until
I864. Then it was suspended until late in I875.
In 1855 Delta Kappa Epsilon and Delta Phi,
both Eastern fraternities, placed chapters here.
jlliiii   Sigma Phi, also an Eastern order, prevented
by the Society War from granting a charter to
Michigan students in T848-49, organized a
branch at Ann Arbor early in I858, and in June
of the same year a strong chapter of the Eastern
ORIGINAL BADGE OF
D. K. E.    Zeta Psi was established. From 1858 to i86o
the secret societies, seven in number, and including nearly two-thirds of the students, exerted a controlling
influence in undergraduate affairs. But in T86I the fraternities




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


I95


began to cut down their memberships; a strong feeling of opposition to secret orders, which had for some time been marked in
Eastern colleges, showed itself in Michigan; and the societies,
divided into two factions, one of which looked to the neutrals for
support, were no longer able to control college politics. A powerful "Independent" organization was formed in 1865-66, which
lasted until I870.
In I864 Psi Upsilon, an Eastern fraternity which, ten years
before, had refused to place a chapter in this Western institution,
granted a charter to fourteen of the fifteen undergraduates of Beta
Theta Pi, which thereafter became dormant. Thus seven of the
ten Eastern societies were represented here, a fact significantly
indicative of the esteem in which Michigan was held by the chief
institutions of the country. Nowhere else west of New York were
more than four of the Eastern fraternities to be found at that early
day. Somewhat later in 1864-65 appeared Kappa Phi Lambda
and Phi Delta Theta. The former lapsed in the autumn of I868;
and as the latter became dormant in I869, the seven Eastern
fraternities were left in full control, thus distinguishing Michigan
from all other Western universities and colleges except Kenyon.


An attempt in 1870-71 t(


h
i P8 I~i
i
il
_I:
"'


start a branch of Delta Tau Delta,
then an exclusively Western organization, was not successful. It was
renewed in 1874, but the chapter
became inactive in the autumn of
I876.  Meanwhile a branch of Sigma Chi, also of Western origin, was
formed, and lived for a few months
in I874. Soon after the opening of
the college year 1875-76 Delta Phi
died.  Beta Theta Pi was permanently revived late in 1875, and in
the spring of 1876 the anti-secret
fraternity, Delta Upsilon, now simply non-secret, gained a foothold at
Ann Arbor.   In December, I876,
Phi Kappa Psi, a fraternity of
Pennsylvanian  birth, but largely
South, instituted a chapter here. A


TEMPLE OF D. K. E.
represented in the West and


few months later Sigma Chi returned to the University as a lawschool society. In 1878 D. K. E. built the first permanent society




I96


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


lodge at Ann Arbor. This was followed by the erection, in 1879-80,
of the chapter-house of Psi Upsilon. Delta Tau Delta reappeared
in I880, and two years afterwards short-lived branches of Chi Phi
and Phi Alpha were organized. The attendance of the Western
societies was swelled by Phi Gamma Delta in I885, and by the
revival of Phi Delta Theta in 1887.
Toward the close of i888 a Southern fraternity, the Alpha
Tau Omega, began a brief career in Ann Arbor, and early in 1889
came Sigma Alpha Epsilon, also of Southern origin. December
13, 1889, a charge of Theta Delta Chi, an Eastern fraternity, made
its appearance here, thus raising to fifteen the number of fraternities in the collegiate department. This multiplication of societies did not, however, keep pace
with the increase in the number of students; and
now began a campaign against the fraternities
which was based, not upon objections to secrecy,
but rather upon the natural desire of active spirits
among the non-society men to share in the offices
ORIGINAL BADGE  and editorships.  Having a large majority in every
OF THETA DELTA
CHI.      class, the neutrals elected to office none but men
of their own kind.  Holden of '89 was the last
senior class president chosen from the ranks of the fraternities.
With great difficulty, and only after bolting a regular election, did
the societies succeed in saving from the wreck of their former
power the freshman toastmastership, which is now regarded as a
fraternity perquisite. As for the editorships of the undergraduate
publications, the "Independent" leaders, necessarily excluded from
The Palladium, started The Castalian in 1889, and, having
withdrawn from the Chronicle, they established The U. of M.
Daily in 1891. The editorships of the Oracle are still divided
among the society men and the neutrals, and a similar arrangement
governs The Michiganensian.
It was announced positively in December, 1892, that the dormant branch of Delta Phi would soon be revived with twenty
charter members; but that ancient fraternity wisely decided that
the ground was already fully occupied. Alpha Tau Omega returned its charter in 1894, and about one year later internal disagreements led to similar action on the part of Phi Gamma Delta.
In 1894-95 an energetic effort to secure a charter of Kappa Alpha
was made by a group of undergraduate petitioners, assisted by a
member who had come here from another college. It is under



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


197


stood that the society named decided that it would be impossible
in these later years to build up at Michigan a chapter equal to the
long-established branches of other fraternities.    Toward the close
of 1896 the Sigma Chi revealed itself as a regular society in the
literary department, three years having passed since its disappearance from the law school.    A separate account of each fraternity
that has had a chapter in the collegiate department will now be
attempted.' The order adopted will be that of actual public appearance in the University.
Chi Psi.-This order was founded at Union College, May 20,
1 841, by ten students, among whom was the ill-fated Philip Spencer.
Twenty-eight chapters-called by the society "Alphas "-have been
established, the college roll, with the dates of institution, of suspension, and of revival, being as 
follows: Union, 1841-76, 1892; Williams, I842 -72, 1874; Middlebury, 1843; Wesleyan, 1844-63,
1876; Bowdoin, 1844-69; Hamilton, 1845; Michigan, 1845; Columbia, 1846-58, 1882-83; Princeton, 1851-57; North Carolina, I855-61; College           BADG    F 
PSI.
of the City   of New    York, 1857-72; Furman,
1858-6I, i866; South Carolina, 1858-6i, I867-74, 1883-97; Mississippi, I858-6I, 1865-92; Virginia, 1860-6I, 1868-70; Brown,
1860-71; Amherst, I864; Cornell, 1869-70, 1885; Wofford, i869;
Minnesota, 1874; Wisconsin, 1878; Rutgers, 1879; Stephens Institute, i883; Rochester, I884-89; Georgia, 1890; Lehigh, 1894;
Leland   Stanford, Jr., 1895; and     California, 1895.    There are
eighteen active and ten inactive branches.     Buildings are owned
by the "Alphas" at Williams, Hamilton, Michigan, Amherst, Cornell, Minnesota, South Carolina, Wisconsin, and Rutgers. Purple
and gold are the colors. Among the 3,800 members of Chi Psi
'In the pages that follow certain points should be noted. In the first place,
the State universities are mentioned by the names of the states only; where a college bears the name of a state the word college will be appended. Secondly: the
degrees appended to members' names in the fraternity lists are those and those
only which were actually conferred by our Alma Mater, in course, at the dates
indicated by the numerals of the classes in which the members were enrolled; the
primary purpose being not to furnish a list of degrees, but to indicate what members finished undergraduate courses in the literary department. Thus, all secondary, honorary, and nunc pro tznc degrees, and degrees taken at other colleges, are
excluded. The attempt has been made, however, where a member has left the
literary department without a degree, and has been graduated here in law or medicine, to mention the professional degree taken. Thirdly: Sigma Chi, though a
law-school fraternity during the greater part of its career, has been included in the
literary fraternities because it began in the literary department and now exists
there. Fourthly: pictures of chapter houses rented but not owned are not included.
14




98gS


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


the following from institutions other than Michigan may be named:
Chief-Justice Fuller of the Federal Supreme Court; William Le B.
Putnam, late Federal Circuit Judge; Judges Bradshaw, Earl, and
Hand of the New York Court of Appeals; Chief-Justice Sanderson of California; the well-known College Presidents Brainerd of
Middlebury, Fulton of Mississippi, Peck of the Rennselaer Polytechnic, Appleton of Swarthmore, Kendrick of Shurtleff, and
Cochran of the Brooklyn Polytechnic; Professor Henry A. Frink
of Amherst; the Rev. Drs. Charles S. Robinson of New York, and
-~~....._~                 ~Stephen H. Tyng,
Ir., of Paris; the
-~~c~          -                ~~~authors  Willis J.. Abbott. Waldo S.
- Pratt, and Clinton
-   Scollard; Speaker
D   i Thomas B. Reed
INETTE~ OFof the Federal
House of Representatives, and
At_. L. Findlay,                         Charles H. Allen,
Horatio  C. Bur~~'  ~-~          chard, Horace
Davis, Thomas A.
VIGNETTE OF CHI PSI.                D   Fessenden, J.. L. Findlay, Charles W. Gillet, i. N. Hungerford, David R.
Paige, William H. Perry, John W. Seymour, T. R. Stockdale, and
Harry White, members of the House; Ex-Governor John AW.
Stewart of Vermont; John C. Sheppard, formerly Governor of
South Carolina; Major-General Francis Fessenden; Major-General
Henry E. Davies; Brigadier-General James C. Duane; and William
Astor, Elbridge T. Gerry, Frederic D. Tappan, and Dr. J. H.
Douglas, of New York.
Writing in I887, the late Charles W. Noble, '46, thus described the birth of Chi Psi at Ann Arbor:
"The idea of forming an Alpha of the Chi Psi Fraternity, at the University
of Michigan, originated with William Howard Wait, who was a member of the
class of 1848. He corresponded chiefly with Cornelius Lansing Seymour, of
Hatmilton, now deceased, whose residence was then at Cleveland, Ohio. This correspondence resulted in the organization of ]psilon, by Josiah A. Priest, then of
Hamilton College, but since a Presbyterian clergyman of repute, well known
through his foreign letters to the N e w V o r k 0 bs e r v e r. Wait had consulted
a good deal with me about petitioning for an Alpha of the Chi Psi; and it was substantially formed before the other students of the University thought of applying




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


199


elsewhere. At least such were the appearances and our belief. We certainly had
the best fellows, the pick of them all...... Those, only, who have been students in institutions where fraternities did not then exist, can understand the
excitement attending our establishment. It was, surely, an event in the history of
the University, when Priest came from Hamilton to light our altar fires. He was
dignified and agreeable, and well suited to the occasion. All of the original thirteen were initiated the same day..... I was the first, and was put through privately by Mr. Priest; the others the same evening at the room we had hired in the
Exchange Hotel. Great was the surprise among the other students when we
"Swung out". It hastened the work of the other societies, then in embryo.
During my day, we continued to meet at the old Exchange, in rooms which we
hired, as occasion demanded. We observed the greatest secrecy, as soon as we
came to know that the faculty were opposed to us, and were seeking occasion to
quarrel with us. I am glad to say that for the last thirty years or more, their
course has changed, and that now some honored professors are reckoned as members of the secret societies."
Chi Psi's early days at Ann Arbor are memorable not merely
for the contest Successfully carried on by the chapter with the
Faculty, but for a romantic excursion taken to Brazil and Spain in
1848-49 by six of its members, Whiting and Witherell of '48, and
James, Kellogg, Palmer, and Tillson, of '49. Forty-one years
afterwards Palmer returned to Spain as the Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States.
In its later years this branch of Chi Psi suffered somewhat
from the lack of a chapter house, which was supplied in the summer of I897 by the purchase for $I2,000 of the fine residence of
Regent Whitman, I007 East Huron street. Among the 292 members of the chapter are Thomas B. Cumming, '45, afterwards Acting Governor of Nebraska; the late Merchant H.
Goodrich, 45, of Anne,                     P  L.
Arbor; the late Lyman                      Detro
Norris, '45, of Grand
Rapids; the late Williamt 
W. Phelps, '46, formerly
Representative   in  Congress; Thomas NV. Palmer,
'49,  Ex-U. S. Senator,
and   Minister to   Spain;,                _:;
Dr. Moses Gunn; Darius
J. Davison,'54, of Detroit,                CHI PSI LODGE.
Clerk of the Federal District Court; J. Sterling Morton,'54, late Secretary of Agriculture; the late Dr. Henry F. Lyster,'58, of Detroit;
Ex-Circuit Judge and City Counsellor John J. Speed, '58, of Detroit; General Elon J. Farnsworth, '60, deceased; Albert H. Horton '6o, Chief Justice of the Kansas Supreme Court; Elliott T.




200


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Slocum, '60; General Henry M. Duffield, '6i, D. Farrand Henry,
'6i, Joseph C. Hart, '64, Ex-Postmaster-General Don MI. Dickinson, '67 /, Ford DeC. Hinchman, '69, Samuel T. Douglas, '73, William H. Wells, '74, Edward A. Gott, '76, and W. W. Hannan, 'So,
all of Detroit; and Charles Fox, '75, and E. Crofton Fox, '75, both
of Grand Rapids. The chapter includes not a few of the prominent athletes of Michigan: such baseball players as W. I. Maynard of '65, Wayne Hayman of '73, W. H. Wells of '74, W. W7. Hannan of 'o8, and C. B. Weatherwax of '87, and, among football
players, V. W. Hannan of '80, James E. Duffy of '92 /, H. T. Abbott of 'g9, L. C. Grosh of '94, Virgil Tupper, '94, and I. lI.
Duffy, '98 d. Very prominent among the editors of student publications is H. M. Bowman, '98. Following is the entire roll of
the members of Alpha Epsilon of Phi Psi:


45   *Thomas B. Cumming, A. B.,
*" Merchant H. Goodrich, A. B.,
*Lyman D. Norris,
'46  *Henry D. Goodrich,
*Charles W. Noble, A. B.,
"*V. Walbridge Perry, A. B.,
* William W. Phelps, A. B.,
"  *Homer P. Schoff, A. B.,
'47  *Edmund P. Christian, A. B.,
Seneca Ewer, A. B.,
*John B. Myers,
"   *Philander C. Safford, A. B.,
'48  Edward F. Burdick,
"   *Peter E. Latimer, A. 13.,
Joseph R. Smith, A. B.,
"  *William IH. Wait, A. B.,
"  *William P. C. Whiting,
*James B. Witherell, A. B.,
'49   George B. Alcott,
" *Douglas Gibson, A. B.,
"  *David E. James,
"George P. Kellogg,
"  *Aaron B. Levisee,
"   Thomas W. Palmer,
"   *Stephen Tillson, A. B.,
'5o  David Bacon,
"   George L. Lee, A. B.,
'5I  Samuel J. Agnew,
" Edwin C. Becker,
"A A. Atwood Brooks,
Richard H. Frost,
-  *loses Gunn, MI. D.,
Thomas H. Hartwell, A. B.,
"  *Hervey B. Nichols,
"   *George W. Perry, A. B.,
*Daniel C. Towner,
"  *George L. Trask,
John A. Wheeler, M. D., '52,


'52 ni Frederick C. Castelhun, MI. D.,
" -Louis Davenport,
"Jig *Morse K. Taylor, M. L).,
"    DeGarmo J. Whiting,
'53 Ii *Ira H. Bartholomew, MI. D.,
Gibson P. Brown,
William E. Cheever, A. B.,
* *Waldo C. Daniels, A. B1.,
"   *Leopold Lathrop,
"   *Mortimer Thompson,
'"  *Charles E. WVinans,
'54 1i Boliver Barnum, M. D.,
" H. Deming Bartholomew, A.B.,
"  Harrison W. Bassett, A. B.,
~'  James R. Cook, A. B.,
"  Darius J. Davison, A. B.,
Samuel P. Iuffield, A. B.,
" Robert C. Grier, A. B.,
"   J. Sterling Morton,
*Mathaniel Pitcher, A. B.,
"  Lyman Richardson, A. B.,
'55  Galucia C. Gibbs, A. B.,
"  James MI. Shanklin,
*Enos T. Throop,
'56  O. Newberry Chaffee, A. B.,
"  *Alvin S. tiggins, A. B.,
'57  Rollin C. Dart,
"   5Lycurgus H. Irwin, A. B.,
"   Gilbert R. Lyon, A. B.,
"  Hobart Miller, A. B.,
"   Jerome W. Turner,
'58   Hamilton J. Dennis, A. B.,
"   Foster Ely,
"   Alfred J. Goss,
"  Henry F. Lyster, A. B.,
" *Otis H. MIcOmber, A. B.,
" Lyster M. O'Brien, A. B.,
" Frank M. Speed,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


201


'5S  John J. Speed,
'59  Alfred H. Castle, A. B.,
'  Elon J. Farnsworth,
'  William H. Haight, B. S.,
'  Robert B. Maclin,
'  George S. McReynolds,
"   Julian E. Winder, A. B.,
'60  'Lewis F. Booth, B. S.,
"  John H. Conrad, A. B.,
"     Elbert N. Donaldson,
H Ienry M. Duffield,
' *Elon J. Farnsworth,
Albert H. Horton,
'   \Viilam N. Iadue, A. B.,
" 0William J. Stephens.
"  Charles A. Thompson, A. B.,
"  Charles F. Trowbridge, A. B,
'6, /,\ William W. Bailey, M. D.,
"   enry Fenton,
"   D. Farrand Henry,
"  Charles T. Scammon,
'62  Samu.el Davison,
"  "William L. Irwin,
"  oseph T. Sanger,
R. Trumbull Sill,
"   Elliott T. Slocum,
'63  \Valter M. Burroughs,
" *Charles S. Draper, A. B.,
'64  Joseph C. Hart, A. B.,
" Franklin J. Thwing,
"Clarence E. Wilbur, A. B.,
'65  -*William J. Maynard, A. B.,
"  "Anderson Wing,
"Charles I. Witherell, LL. B.,
'66  Charles D. Barney,
"  *George L. Barney,
John W. Remington, C. E.,
'67 / Don NI. Dickinson, LL. B,,
\ William R. Graham,
"  Frederick H. Kent,
"   William S. Stanton,
Pliny H. VanBuren, LL. B. '70,
" Stanley B. Watrous,
"   Montgomery S. Woodruff, A. B.,
'68  *Richard D. Craig,
" / *Daniel A. Gray,
W"illiam S. MacHarg, M. E.,
Anthony S. Montgomery, A. B.,
"  William S. Palmer, LL. B. '67,
Theodore M. Shaw,
Llewellyn P. Tarlton, Jr., B. S.,
'69  -Roscoe W. Beaman,
"   Ford DeC. Hinchman,
" I Henry McKey, LL. B.,
'70  William W. Douglas,
Michael A. A. Meyendorff, C. E.,
'71  Caleb W. Durham,
"*J. Lathrop Gillespie, Ph. B.,
Alfred B. Sager, LL. B.,


'7r  Stephen H. Tyng, LL. B.,
'72  Frank H. Holbrook,
"   *Charles S. Hunt,
"   *Peter J. Starr,
"   Frederick VonSchrader,
"   Junius B. Walker,
Charles A. Whittier,
"   Joseph B. Whittier,
'73  Thompson Burnam,
Samuel T. Iouglas, Ph. B.,
"   Wayne Hayman, A. B.,
"  Charles R. Wells, A. B.,
'74 George F. Ambrose,
~' p George C. Henry, Ph. C.,
"Charles C. Hibbard, B. S.,
"   Edward C. Hinman, B. S.,
"    / George McConnell,
" *Harry St. C. Parker,
"   William H. Wells, A. B.,
'75  George L. Arey, C. E.,
"   Charles Fox, A. B.,
"   E. Crofton Fox,
" Henry D. Turney,
'76  Edward A. Gott, Ph. B.,
Edward C. Swift, Ph. B.,
"  Lincoln D. Wright,
'77  Wayne Choate,
Edward H. Guyer, A. B.,
"   Oliver Johnson,
" Lyndon S. Smith, A. B.,
'78 / William L. Bassett, LL. B.,
Llewellyn H. Davis,
"p William D. Eaton,
" J. Dick DuShane, C. E.,
"  William V. Grove, C. E.,
"  Theodore F. Meyer, Ph. C.,
" James C. Munson,
'79  Edmund A. Christian, A. B.,
" Henry C. Clements,
"p Henry J. Meyer,
John C. Quintus, M. E.,
'80  Josiah L. Ambrose, Ph. B.,
"p Arthur H. Gongar,
"   George M. Gillette,
t William W. Hannan, A. B.,
"   Fred A. Patrick,
Max Zinkheisen, A. B.,
'8I /*William F. Goodpaster,
l" Edward W. Lee, MI. D.,
"   George W. Middleton,
" Moss K. Perkins, A. B.,
"  Henry H. Treadway,
Frank A. Wadleigh,
'82 William L. Clements, B. S.,
" p George E. Dean, Ph. C.,
"   George N. Holland,
"   Jesse A. Icenhour,
"   William R. Johnson,
"   Howard H. Kimball,




202


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'82  James H. Norton, B. L.,
" Frederick A. Robinson, A. B.,
" George B. Whitney,
'83  Henry S. Ames, A. B.,
4   Charles G. Chaddock, M. D., '85,
Arthur D. Eddy,
"   Frederick W. Jones,
Theodore H. Lasley, A. B.,
Alfred B. Schanz,
(   Charles M. Sherman, LL. B.,
'84  Willis J. Abbott, LL. B.,
( / George F. Brownell,
"   Frederick A. Giddings,
'85  Don C. Corbett, Ph. B.,
"   Charles H. Hills,
George F. Lewis.
Edward C. Miller
"   Henry G. Withrow,
'86 / Archibald IM. Blakeley,
"  Herbert G. Finch,
William M1. Lasley,
Rolla E. Roe,
"p Mason S. Thomson, Ph. C.,
'87  William A. Blakeley,
*/ Edwin W. Christy,
" Lewis C. Hunt,
" Robert H. Hunt,
i' J. Bowman Sweitzer, LL. B.,
"   Clyde B. Weatherwax,
*Charles D. Wiley,
"p Harry G. Wiley, Ph. C.,
'88 in Henry S. Bartholemew,
" Lester E. Campbell,
"I A. Braden Clark, LL. B.,
Charles E. Roehl, B. S.,
" Harry J. Williams, B. S.,
'89 I James D. Armstrong, LL. B.,
"   Malcolm Gunn,
" ' George B. Hayes, D. D. S.,
"   Frederick A. Joss,
'90 I John W. Anderson, LL. B.,
" / Frank N. Crosby,
" ac Conway A. Frost,
"   Charles A. Otis,
'91  Howard T. Abbott, LL. B.,
John W. Baker,
Albert F. Storke,
'92 / Jean LaR. Burnett, LL. B.,
"/ hWilliam W. Cheney, IM. D.,


'92  Edward W. Cressey,
"   James E. Duffy, LL. B.,
" Frederick C. Struve,
'93  John L. Duffy,
" Frank L. Evans,
"   Daniel W. Hand,
Harold M. Joss,
William Metcalf, Jr.,
"   Dwight C. Morgan,
" Henry E. Sauer,
"   George MI. Tyng,
'94  James F. Breakey, IM. D.,
William H. Decker,
" Lawrence C. Grosh, MI. D. '96,
" Virgil C. Tupper,
" I Bartlett Wiley, LL. B.,
'95  Raynor K. Anderson,
"   Harry I Dunton,
"  R. Prosper Gustin, B. S.,
"   Horace Tupper, Jr., LL. B.,
'96  Glenn H. Meeker,
'97  Z. Kent Graham,
"  Herman Hegeler,
"   C. Edward Mead,
' z Wallace Pyle.
" ln John B. Thielen, MI. D.
"   George T. White,
'98  Harold M. Bowman,
Walter J. Cahill,
" John S. Cash,
d Ignatius MI. Duffy,
"   Craig C. Miller,
" Charles F. Rathfon,
e Charles S. Snyder,
" Thomas J. Weadock,
'99 I James A. Bardin,
" 7 Chester L. Benedict,
Ralph R. Bowdle,
"   Hazlett N. Clark,
"  Edward H. Fairburn,
"  Frank A. Fairburn,
" 7 Frank W. Shepherd,
'oo  Vernon E. Bush,
"   Lafayette Young, Jr.,
0oI  Harry E. Baker,
"   Herman T. Bowman,
George G. Damon,
" John B. Herff,
Stillman S. Meservey,


In addition to the roll of Alpha Epsilon, Chi Psi has had at


Ann Arbor the following students
'65 / E. A. Sturtevant, LL. B.,
'66 m Henry S. Jordan,
'76 / John E. More, LL. B.,
'77 mn Frederic E. Barrows,


'78 / William L. Bassett.
'83 / George S. Grimes, LL. B.,
'84 / Richard H. Johnson, LL. B.,
" / Frederick Reynolds, LL. B.




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


203


Beta Theta Pi was founded early in July, 1839, at Miami
University, Oxford, Ohio, by John R. Knox of '39, and Samuel
T. Marshall of '4o. Eighty-one different institutions have been
entered by the fraternity, of which sixty-two-the following-still
shelter the society: Miami, Western Reserve, Ohio, Washington
and Jefferson, Harvard, DePauw, Indiana, Michigan,
Wabash, Centre, Brown, Hampden-Sidney, North Carolina, Ohio Wesleyan, Hanover, Cumberland, Knox, Virginia, Davidson, Beloit, Bethany, Iowa, Wittenberg,
Westminster, Iowa Wesleyan, Chicago, Denison, Wooster, Kansas, Wisconsin, Northwestern, Dickinson, Bos- BADGE OF
ton, Johns Hopkins, California, Kenyon, Mississippi, BETA THETA
Rutgers, Cornell, Stevens Institute, St. Lawrence,
Maine, Pennsylvania, Colgate, Union, Columbia, Amherst, Vanderbilt, Texas, Ohio State, Nebraska, Pennsylvania State, Denver, Syracuse, Dartmouth, Minnesota, Missouri, Cincinnati, Wesleyan, Lehigh, Yale, and Leland Stanford, Jr.  Until the year
1879 this order was almost exclusively confined to Southern and
Western colleges; but since that time many branches have been
started in Eastern institutions. However, the bulk of the membership is to be found in the middle West.    Buildings are
owned by the society at Amherst, Michigan, DePauw, California, Colgate, Pennsylvania State, Denison, Wesleyan, St. Lawrence, and Leland Stanford, Jr., ten in all.  Pink and blue are
the fraternity colors, and the rose is the fraternity flower. Among
the 9,600 members the following-initiated at other colleges than
Michigan, and during college life-may be named: Presidents Cyrus
Nutt and W. M. Daily of Indiana University, John Bascom of Wisconsin, William T. Reid of California, S. S. Laws and M. M. Fisher of Missouri, William H. Scott of Ohio State, A. D. Hepburn of
Miami, Charles N. Sims of Syracuse, William C. Young and Ormand Beatty of Centre College, and J.H.Raymond, of West Virginia.
Professors John S. Newberry and James W. Burgess of Columbia;
the Episcopalian Bishops Jackson and Sessums, and the Methodist
Bishops Joyce and Cranston; Justices Harlan, Matthews, and Woods,
of the Federal Supreme Court; United States Circuit Judges Lurton
and Grosscup; Justice A. P. Carpenter of the Supreme Court of
Vermont, and Justices Ulysses Mercur and J. P. Sterrett of that of
Pennsylvania; United States Senators Newton Booth, B. Gratz
Brown, M. S. Latham, J. E. McDonald, J. W. McDill, O. P.
Morton, M. S. Quay, D. W. Voorhees, J. L. Rawlins, and Boies




204


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Penrose; Representatives in Congress J. M. Allen, Robert R. Hitt,
and W. M. Springer; U. S. Ministers Will Cumback, W. T. Coggesball, Rufus Magee, A. G. Porter, and E. H. Ferrell; John WV. Noble,
Ex-Secretary of the Interior; and Governors C. H. Hardin and T.
T. Crittenden of Missouri, George Hoadley of Ohio, James A.
Beaver of Pennsylvania, and John Y. Brown of Kentucky.
Instituted November 13, 1845, by B. F. Millard of the Western Reserve Chapter, the Lambda (Michigan) Chapter of Beta
Theta Pi became inactive in I850.  It was revived in 1854, and
was suspended again in 1864.  October 28, 1875, it was reorganized through the efforts of A. N. Grant, Asbury '74. In I890 the
society at Ann Arbor purchased the property 604 South State
street, having previously occupied a rented house.  Among the
many prominent graduates of the Chapter are George L.
Becker, '46, the late John S. Newberry, '47, Levi T. Griffin, '57,
Henry A. Reeves, '52, and John J. Lentz, '82, Representatives in
Congress; the late James MI. Walker, '46, of the Chicago Bar,
formerly President of the C. B. & Q. R. Co.; the Rev. Nathaniel
West, D. D., '46, of Syracuse; Sidney D. Miller, '48, of the Detroit Bar; the late
--             ofheDeCharles Beckwith,
"__-=     '49, Judge of the
fomer S i d o l n c,Buffalo Superior
General ________ Wilia  W. W6Court; the late Lyman Cochrane,
'49, Judge of the
__ —__,_** —* _ -  Superior Court of
_________A      d     Detroit; Judge
______-_____                 _____        Barzillai Gray,'49,
of Leavenw o r t h,
__:?   _ _-..-____ _      ----           Kansas; O. M.
=p ---~ - ~ —~~~ ~~....~~  Barnes, '5o, of Lan__=:_______________ _______ _  sing, Mich.; W\il______________        _ =liam            A. M oore,'5 o,
of the Detroit Bar;
VIGNETTE OF BETA THETA PI (I859).  the late Andrew J.
Poppleton, '5, of
the Omaha Bar; Arthur D. Rich, '5S, of the Chicago Bar; Alfred
Cowles, '54, of The Chicago Tribune;.Duane Doty, '56,
former Superintendent of Public Instruction, Chicago; the late
General William W. Wheeler, '56, of Chicago; the late Professor




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


205


James C. Watson, '57; General Frank Askew, '58; E. Bruce
Chandler, '58, the well-known electrician; Colonel Arthur T.
Wilcox, '59; Professor DeVolson Wood, '59, of Stevens Institute;
General Isaac H. Elliott, '6i; Professor Volney G. Barbour, '64,
of the University of Vermont; Professor Willis    -d 
Boughton, '8i, of Ohio                            \
University; O. F. Hunt,
'8, of the Detroit Bar; and 
Junius E. Beal, '82, of,
Ann Arbor.    In college fot
athletics these members                               i 
have been prominent: in:
baseball, W. R. Payne,'87,                        I
T. N. Jayne of '9go, A. D.?    ' S:.' ltll" '"
Rich, of '91, and L. J.
Wentworth, '94; in football, H. G. Hetzler of '86,  BETA THETA PI CHAPTER HOUSE.
ball, H. G. Hetzler of '86,
R. S. Babcock of '89, and G. S. Holden of '9; and in tennis, T.
N. Jayne of 'go and WV. F. Slocum of '92. Excluding ninety-two
initiates of other chapters who, by reason of their attendance
upon the professional schools have had a brief connection with
the Lambda Chapter, the members of the latter number 289.


The
'45
'46
'47
'48
'49
'50
'51
4 4
4 4


roll is as follows:
Paul W. H. Rawls, A. B.,
George L. Becker, A. B.,
*James M5. Walker, A. B.,
Nathaniel West, A. B.,
*Daniel B. Brown, A. B.,
*John S. Newberry, A. B.,
*Franklin L. Parker, A. B.,
Sidney D. Miller, A. B.,
Wyllis C. Ransom, A. B.,
*Charles Beckwith, A. B.,
*Thomas S. Blackmar, A. B.,
*Lyman Cochrane, A. B.,
Barzillai Gray, A. B.,
*Dean O. Tiffany,
Edward Bacon, A. B.,
Orlando M. Barnes, A. B.,
Samuel Harper, A. B.,
William A. Moore, A. B.,
*Henry H. Powers, A. B.,
*Charles J. Wood, A. B.,
Edmund Hewitt,
*Andrew J. Poppleton,
Arthur D. Rich, A. B.,
*O. Hoyt Seymour,


'5   *L. Chapin Taylor,
Edmund H. Williams,
'52  William K. Gibson,
" *James K. Knight,
" Henry A. Reeves,
"*Byron Smith,
'54 *Henry Barnes,
" *Alfred Cowles,
55   Byron B. Northrop, A. B.,
"    Emanuel Schmid, A. B.,
"   Charles Toll, A. B.,
'56  Duane Doty, A. B.,
C   Isaac C. Elston,
"   *William W. Wheeler, A. B.,
57   Henry W. Beeson, B. S.,
*Anson Brunson, A. B.,
"   Levi T. Griffin, A. B.,
" *James C. Watson, A. B.,
58   Frank Askew, B. S.,
"   Edward B. Chandler, A. B.,
"    Augustus E. Chesnut,
"   Daniel A. Collins,
"   *Thomas G. Gavin, A. B.,
" Daniel Kloss, A. B.,




206


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


58   Christopher W. Mykrantz, A. B
Abram Neff, A. B.,
Browse T. Prentis, A. B.,
*Oscar F. Price, A. B.,
George W. Wall, A. B.,
'59  David M. Johnson, B. S.,
*Eber G. Owen,
" *Bushrod F. Rice, A. B.,
"  James Wallace,
"   Arthur T. Wilcox, A. B.,
*DeVolson VWood, MI. S.,
*James W. Larimore,
'60  *V. Jesse Buchanan, A. B.,
Godfrey E. Knight, B. S.,
"   Edward MI. Mason, A. B.,
I /*Charles K. Robinson, LL. B.,
Cyrus B. Thomas, A. B.,
*A. Edwards Welch,
"  *Edgar N. Wilcox, B. S.,
'6r  Samuel I. Billings, A. B.,
'S. Porter Brockway,
"  W. Wirt Dedrick, A. B.,
Isaac H. Elliott, A. B.,
" Elijah J. Hills,
Charles E. McAlester, B. S.,
" Cyrus D. Roys, LL. B.,
"  *Thomas B. Weir, A. B.,
'62  Thomas MI. Baxter, B. S.,
"  *James W. Bingham,
"   *Theodore H. Hurd, A. B.,
"  *Henry A. Latson, A. B.,
"  *Albert Nye,
*Ira Olds,
William V. Richards, A. B.,
"  William S. Thomas,
'63  *George S. Decker,
Clark Gray,
*Edward A. Hyde,
'64  Volney G. Barbour,
"   John W. Barnhart,
William A. Ewing, A. B.,
"  Dwight J. Harris, I. D.,
'65  *Edward C. Boudinot,
" Benjamin F. Paddock,
"   John L. Turrel, LL. B., '64,
'66   Edmund Adams,
'67  Clement J. Whipple,
'79   Hubert W. Brown, A. B.,
William F. Bryan, A. B.,
"   Lucius L. Van Slyke, A. B.,
'So  Earl B. Coe, LL. B.,
" Charles A. Fyke,
"   John J. Shields,
'8S   Fremont C. Blandin,
"  Willis Boughton, A. B.,
"   T. Bertrand Bronson, A. B.,
" Don A. Garwood, A. B.,
"   Ormond F. Hunt, A B.,
Charles A, McMurray,., 'SI  John M. C. Smith,
William T. Whedon, Ph. B.,
Franklin M. Rule,
'82  Junius E. Beal, Ph. B.,
"   William C. Bell,
l William B. Cady, Ph. B.,
Willard E. Chandler, A. B.,
John J. C. Davis,
" John HI. Grant, A. B.,
"   George E. Herrick,
"   John J. Lentz, A. B.,
Daniel E. Osborne, Ph. C., '79,
"   Frank Quinby,
" p Robert B. Ransom, Ph. C.,
" Almon N. Taylor
"   Francis L. York, A. B.,
'83  *Dan Carpenter,
" Arthur M. Gibson,
" Harry McNeil, B. L.,
" Henry E. Moseley,
"   David T. Wilcox,
'84  James A. Case, A. B.,
" Charles H. Dennison,
" Charles H. J. Douglas,
" Elbert L. Johnson, Ph. B.,
"   Charles S. Powell, A. M.,
'85  Fred R. Babcock,
David K. Cochrane,
"   Carril M. Coe,
Horace S. Fiske, A. M.,
" Thomas C. Phillips, B. S.,
Allen S. Whitney, A. B.,
William F. Word, A. B.,
'86   Charles L. Andrews, A. B.,
WilberJ. Gregory, A. B.,
"  *William W. Harris,
"   Howard G. Hetzler, B. S.,
"   George L. Price, A. B.,
Dwight H. Ramsdell,
" Frederick W. Stevens, B. S.,
'87  John H. Cotteral,
William C. Harris, LL. B., '9i,
Denver J. Mackey,
George C. Manly, A. M.,
" Claire A. Orr, A. B.,
" John H. Patterson,
" Jesse C. Shattuck, Ph. B.,
" Frederic D. Sherman, A. B.,
W. Teis Smith, A. B.,
Franklin L. Velde, A. B.,
'88  David K. Cochrane, Ph. B.,
Clarence L. Dobyns,
" Fred J. Hodges,
Ray D. Lampson, Ph. B.,
"   Jed H. Lee, B. L.,
Louis B. Lee,
"   Sterling Parks, A. B.,
Fred W. Ramsdell,
*'  Victor M. Tuthill,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


207


'88  George W. Whyte, B. S.,
"  William E. Wood,
'89  Robert S. Babcock,
" L. Roscoe Doud,
"   J. J. Goodyear,
Daniel P. Grant,
"   Julian D. Harmon, A. B.,
John B. Leonard,
"   Julian Millard,
" Arthur E. Rowley, Ph. B.,
"   Fred B. Spaulding, A. B.,
'90  Frederick M. Clarke,
" Trafford N. Jayne,
(   Robert K. Reilly, Ph. R.,
*Fred R. Romer,
"   Nathan P. Wood, B. L.,
'9g   Charles E. Babcock, L.. B.,
Albert S. Brown, A. B.,
Earl W. Dow, A. B.,
"   Emerson A. Fletcher,
George S. Holden, A. B.,
Liberty D. Holden,
"  *Albert D. Rich, Ph. B.,
L   James R. Robertson,
Paul E. Stillman, A. B.
Edgar M. Thorp, Ph. B.,
William H. Turnbull, A. B.,
"   Edward MI. Wilson,
'92  Albert S. Brown,
Horace W. Hawkins, B. S.,
Robert H. McCrea,
Richard S. Parmly,
Ralph M. Shaw, LL. B.,
" Walter F. Slocum, Ph. B.,
Edwin M. Smith, B. S.,
William C. Tichenor, A.B.,
"   George M. Wisner, B. S.,
'93  Edward S. Beck, A. B.,
James 0. Bennett,
*William S. Cheever, B. L.,
Harrison P. Crego, A. B.,
"'  Griffith 0. Ellis, LL. B.,
John S. W. Holloway, LL. B.,
"   *Richard S. Parmly,
" Samuel P. Parmly, Jr,
"   Byron C. Porter,
Robert Redfield,
Frank Rich, M. D.,
" Edwin W. Sparks,
'94  Daniel R. Barlow,
"   Elmer E. Beal,
James S. Henton, LL. B., '93,
"  D. Conrad Smith, Jr., A. B.,
"   Lloyd J. Wentworth, B. L.,
" Earl F. Wilson, B. L.,
'95  Howard 0. Bliven,
" Robert W. Dunn, LL. B.,
"   Harry A. Engman, Jr.,
" Eugene H. Garnett, B. L.,
"   Fred King,
Robert W. Manly, LL. B., '96,


'95
c
'96
'97
'97
CC
cc
CC
cc
CC
CC
cc
CC
C;
'99
( (
CC
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'99
CC
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'01
C C
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C C
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Earl Munson,
Oliver L. Spaulding, Jr., A. B.,
George R. Taylor,
Charles G. Cook, A. B.,
Charles P. Davis, B. L.,
Sheridan W. Ehrman, B. L.,
Adelbert H. Finney, Ph. B.,
Henry B. Otis, B S.,
Edwin R. Parker,
Frank C. Penoyar,
Ben C. Rich, B. S.,
Walter H. Thorp, Ph. B.,
Samuel H. Dowden, Ph. B.,
Albert H. Finney,
Boone Gross,
William B. Guitteau,
Richard W. Hawkins,
Richard G Kirchner,
Lester E. Maher,
John MI. Parker,
William B. Rich, Ph. B.,
John C. Spaulding, A. B.,
Wesley E. Taylor, B. S.,
William T. Beck,
Harry N. Campbell,
George M. Chandler,
Charles J. Dovel,
Glenn S. Harrington,
Henry F. Hawkins,
Clifton R. Norton,
John M. Parker,
Charles G. White,
Ralph E. Wisner,
Thomas R. Woodrow,
Henry P. Dowling,
Daniel I. Elder,
Gwynn Garnett, Jr.,
Harold T. Griswold,
Joseph G. Hamblen, Jr.,
Harry R. Hurlbut,
James L. Kocher,
Spencer B. Moseley,
Lewis S. Ramsdell,
Guy E. Stirling,
David M. Tracy,
Harry S. Vernon,
Guy B. Cady,
Herman W. Hippen,
Frank H. Lamb,
Robert E. Peacock,
Alonzo H. Raymond,
Ralph H. Van Cleve,
Victor C. Vaughan, Jr.,
Benjamin W. Batchelder,
Sheldon L. Dickinson,
Robert M. Hall,
Howard W. Hayes,
Edward L. Jones,
Bryant E. Vail,
Oliver S. White.




208


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The following list includes those Beta Theta Pi men of other
chapters than the Lambda who have studied law, medicine, pharmacy, or dentistry at Ann Arbor.


'57 /n *Dwight Sayles, M. D.,
'65 / \Villiam Cessna,
'67 / John D. Alexander,
"/ John A. Keller, Jr.,
"/ Ben Sheeks,
I' John H. Shepherd,
'75  I)avid W. Cooper, LL. B.,
"/ Horace L. Smith, LL. B.,
/ William R. Taggart, LL. B..
'76 / Amandus N. Grant, LL. B..
'/ \William E. Jones, LL. B.,
'77 / Reid Carpenter,
"  Frank Taggart,
"/ Jhn W. Yerkes, LL. B..
'7S / Tohn S. Marques,
'/ Charles W. Smith, LL. B.,
"/ lienry S. Tremper, LL. IB.,
'8o / Charles S. Finch, LL. B.,
'81 / Frederick P. Leonard, LL. B.,
'S2 / Charles C. Cook,
" n1 Frank T. Smith, M. D.,
"   \Villiam T. Wright, M. D.,
'83 / Edward A. Benson,
"/ FrancisJ. Cheek, LL. B.,
"/ Alfred C. Downs,
"/ William L. January, LL. B.,
" l Tohn J. Sturgus,
'84 in Toseph W. Cooper,
" / *Walter A. White, LL. B.,
'85 / Charles H. Forbes,
'p Charles E. Parker, Ph. C.,
'86 / James G. Smith, LL. B.,
'87 / Edward V. Bope,
"   Tames'W. Brannum LL. B.,
"/ Webster W. Davis, LL. B.,
"   George A. Hare, M. D.,
"/ Ellsworth E. Otis, LL. B.,
'/ George B. Watson, LL B.,
'88 / John L. Benedict, LL. B.,
'89 / George H. Billman,
" IThomas S. Dunlap,
"/ Robert L. Simpson, LL. B.,
'90go / Daniel W. Crockett, LL. B.,
7' /Brode B. Davis, LL. B.,
"   Emmett A. HIall, M. D.,
i" John D. Hare, M. D.,
Alpha Delta Phi.-To


';o i George \\. Ingham, MI. D.,
" i Asbury N. Loper, M. D.,
"   Edward F. 5McCausland, LL. B..
" ' John H. Waterhouse, ID. S..
"/ Archie E. Watson. LL. B.,
j9r / William D. Cochran, ILL. B.,
" / Edward C. Gordon.
i Harry E. Greene. MI. )..
i;,v Thomas ap R. Jones, I\. I).,
"  I)i Donald Macrea, Tr., I'. 1.,; / Norman A. Phillips. LL. B.
/ Ralph Platt. LL. B..
/ Robert W. Wilde. LL. I..
'92 / Patrick A. Berry, LL. B..
"   Brown Pusev.
'93 ( Charles A. Church, D.I). S..
"/ Tohn \. Clark. LL. B..
" i Clifford R. Hervev. M1. I1..
" / larry A. Reese, LL. B..
"/ Purcell Rowe, IL. B.,
94 / Alfred F. Bissell, LL. B..
7' Charles WN. Burdickl LL. B..
"/ Frank WV. Marsh. LL. B..
" / W\iliam G. Ramasey, LL. B.,
"/ Raymond G. Scott, LL. B.,
"   Elliot Spaulding, LL. B.,
"/ John G. Stone, LL. B.,
'95 / Charles S. McDowell, LL. B.,
"/ Gilmore D. Price, LL. B.,
'96 / James R. Skillman, LL. B.,
"   lHenry G. Stalder, LL. B..
"/ Wiilliam E. Watt.
'97 / Maxwell \V. Babb, LL. B.,
" / Boyard T. Riley. LL. B..
'9S / Edwin R. Sheetz.
" 6/ Thomas B. VanHorne,
'99 / Harry WV. Robinson,
"   Robert Upham.
'oo d Herbert S. Allvn.
" i7 Emil F. Baur.
( / Burnell Colson.
"   Charles H. Mulroney,
"/ Edward C. MIulroney,
" n James R. Richards,
' / McLane Tilton, Jr.,
/ David H. Thomas.
Samuel Eells, the valedictorian of


the class of '32 at Hamilton College, and to his four associates, is
due the foundation of Alpha Delta Phi. Thirty-one colleges have
been entered by this fraternity, which to-day has twenty-three
active chapters.  Following is the entire roll: Hamilton, 1832;




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


209


Miami, 1835-73; New York University, 1835-39; Columbia,
1836-41, I88i; Yale, 1836-72, i888; Amherst, 1836; Brown,
1836-41, I85o; Harvard, 1837-65, 1879; Cincinnati Law School,
1838-40; Hobart, 1840-76; Western Reserve, 1841; Bowdoin,
1841; Dartmouth, 1846; Michigan, 1846; Madison, 1849-5; Alabama, 1850-57; Rochester, 1851; Williams, 1851; College of the
City of New York, I855; Wesleyan, 1856; Kenyon,
I858; Cum-berland, 1858-6I; Union, 1859; Princeton,
1865-65; Cornell,i869; Trinity, I877; Johns Hopkins,
1889; Minnesota, I892; Toronto, 1893; Chicago, 1896; 
and McGill (Montreal), 1897. Chapter halls or houses,
some of them very costly, are owned by the branches at
Hamilton, Yale, Amherst, Dartmouth, Michigan, Roch- BADGE OF A.
ester, Williams, Wesleyan, Cornell, Trinity, and Union.  1. PHI.
Green and white are the colors of the order. Alpha Delta Phi
has had branches in the South, and has at the present day five
Western branches; nevertheless it is a distinctively Eastern society.
The bulk of the membership is to be found in New England and
New York, although many alumni reside in Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. About 7,800 men
have been admitted. Postponing for a moment Michigan names,
the following may be mentioned as illustrative of the catalogue of
Alpha Delta Phi: Senators of the United States, William B. Allison, P. W. Hitchcock, G. E. Pugh, and Watson C. Squire; Foreign Ministers, John Jay, Edward F. Noyes, Horace Maynard,
George V. N. Lothrop, James 0. Putnam, and John M. Read;
Ex-Governors, Chamberlain of Maine, Dennison of Ohio, Harrison
and Hubbard of Connecticut, and Willard of Indiana; Theodore
Roosevelt, recently Assistant Secretary of the Navy; Justices
Blatchford, Shiras, and Brown, of the Federal Supreme Court; the
Federal Circuit Judges Shipman and Wallace; Chief Justices Peters
of Maine, and Ross of Vermont; James C. Carter, Joseph H.
Choate, and Clarence S. Seward, of the New York Bar; the authors, James Russell Lowell, Edward Everett Hale, Charles Francis
Adams, Jr., Donald G. Mitchell, George F. Parkman, Moses Coit
Tyler, and Alfred B. Street; Presidents Eliot of Harvard, Dwight
of Yale, Gilman of Johns Hopkins, Gates of Amherst, Raymond
of Union, and Harris of Maine; the late Henry S. Frieze, formerly
Acting-President of our University; the Protestant Episcopal Bishops, Brewer of Montana, Brooks of Massachusetts, Coxe of Western New York, Harris of Michigan, Huntington of Central New




210


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


York. Johnson of Southern California, Lyman of North Carolina,
Watson of East Carolina, Welles of Wisconsin, and Whitehead of
Pittsburg.
Having as its germ Alpha Alpha, a local society, organized in
1844, the Peninsular Chapter of Alpha Delta Phi was instituted on
the afternoon of Commencement Day, August 5, 1846, when eight
members of the classes from '45 to '48 were initiated by Henry A.
Swift, Western Reserve '42, and by the Rev. Robert R. Kellogg,
N. Y. U. '35. Attacked in its early years by the Faculty, the
Chapter was reduced in 1849-50 to
three men; but ultimately it tri~  ~,'a Jih     umphed, and since I85o it has enF.....)    joyed uninterrupted prosperity. IntJ  ~' *' ~~     itiations have been made in every
one of the fifty-seven classes matriculated at Ann Arbor.
i X  X   During the college year 1875-76
li   a /  i  Alpha Delta Phi formerly inaugurated the chapter house system  at
Ann Arbor by occupying the octak^     gonal structure in North University
Avenue. The stone chapter house,
VIGNETTE OF A. D. PHI.  556 South State Street, was begun
by the society in 1883, and was finished in the following year. In order to hold the title a corporation called "The Peninsular Society," and composed of prominent alumni, had been affected.
Among the honorary members of Alpha Delta Phi at Ann
Arbor are Judge Thomas M. Cooley, the late Regent E. C.
Walker, the late Judge C. I. Walker, and John M. B. Sill, recently
Minister to Corea. The roll of those who have been students at
Ann Arbor includes the following: A. J. Welch, '46, formerly a
senator of the United States; Dr. Edmund Andrews, '49, and Dr.
Homer A. Johnson, '49, both of the Chicago Medical College; ExLieutenant Governor Dwight May,'49; Ex-President Lewis R. Fiske,
'5o, of Albion College; Professor Robert C. Kedzie, '5I n1, of the
Agricultural College; Byron G. Stout, '5I, formerly speaker of the
Michigan House; Rev. Tillman C. Trowbridge, '52, the well
known missionary; Jay A. Hubbell, '53, formerly Representative
in Congress; Edwin Willits, '55, late Commissioner of Agriculture;
Professor John E. Clark, '56, of Yale College; the Rev. Moses




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


211


Coit Tyler, '56, now of Cornell's Faculty; William E. Quinby, '58,
of the Detroit Free Press, recently Minister to Holland; Dr.
T. A. McGraw, '59, of Detroit; Byron M. Cutcheon, '6i, recently
Representative in Congress; Hoyt Post, '6I, of the Detroit Bar;
Henry M. Utley, '61, City Librarian of Detroit; Albert H. WTilkinson, '6I, of Detroit, formerly Probate Judge; James H. Goodsell,
'62, and Charles M. Goodsell, '65, of the (New York) Daily
Graphic; Edwin F. Uhl, '62, recently Ambassador to Germany; the late James M. Wilkinson, '64, State Treasurer of Michigan; Professor Gabriel Campbell, '65, of Dartmouth College;
Joseph V. Quarles, '66, and Charles Quarles, '68, of the Milwaukee Bar; Professor John C. Freeman, '68, of Wisconsin; Albert H.
Pattengill, '68, Professor of Greek at Michigan; Regent WT. J.
Cocker, '69; William R. Day, '70, Federal Secretary of State;
Harry B. Hutchins, '7i, Acting-President of our University; Edgar M. Cooley, '72, of the Bay City Bar; Frederick L. Geddes, of
the Bar of Toledo; Dr. William J. Herdman, '72, of the Medical
Faculty at Ann Arbor;
Edward W. Pendleton,
'72, of the Detroit Bar;
Judson G. Pattengill,'73,
Principal of the  Ann
Arbor High School Wil- 
the Bar of Lapeer; Henry
Wade Rogers, '74, PresSchool Faculty; Andrew   | '
C. McLaughlin, '82, Pro-                       - 
fessor of American His-. 
tory at Michigan; State
Senator William Savidge,   CHAPTER HOUSE OF ALPHA DELTA PHI.
'84; and Frank V. M. Cutcheon, '85, of the St. Paul Bar.
The chapter has been represented in the University baseball
nines by C.. Goodsell, '65, E. L. Grant, '66, F. J. Simmons,
'66, A. H. Pattengill, '68, W. J. Cocker, '69, F. A. Buell, '76,
C. L. Van Pelt, '76, 0. W. Ferdon, '77, F. K. Stearns, '77, u. C.
Johnson, '78, F. F. Reed, '80, G. B. Daniels, '8x, and T. L. Wilkinson, '91. With the football teams have played the following:




212


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


W. C. Johnson, '78, Evert Van Pelt, '78, F. F. Reed, 'So, XV. H.
Graham, '82, F. F. Bumps, '87, Muir B. Snow, '99, and H. S Pingree, Jr., 'oo. The well-known tennis players E. 0. Grosvenor,
'85, and S. F. Hawley, '85, were also members of this society.
The roll of the Peninsular Chapter of Alpha Delta Phi includes ten honorary members who never were matriculated in the
University.  Their names are:  Witter J. Baxter, Thomas M.
Cooley, D. Bethune Duffield, Joseph Estabrook, Clark T. Hinman, Jacob Houghton, Elijah H. Pilcher, John M. B. Sill, Charles
I. Walker, and Edward C. Walker.   All are dead save Judge
Cooley, Mr. Houghton, and Professor Sill.  Following is the list
of the 4I3 collegiate members:


'45  *Charles A. Clark, A. B..
Edmund Fish, A. B.,
*Fletcher 0. Marsh,. B.,
46   George P. Androus, A. B.,
*"James S. Mitchell, A. B.,
Winfield Smith, A. B.,
" Adonijah S. Welch, A. B.,
"  Tames 0. Whittemore, A. B.,
47  -Samuel S. Hall, A. B.,
' Theodoric R. Palmer, A. B.,
'4S   Alfred DuBois, A. B.,
"    `James A. Duncan, A. B.,
*   *\Wells R. Marsh, A. B.,
Edmund Andrews, A. B.,
"i Park S. Donelson, A. B.,
"  William J. Goodwin, A. B.,
'  John B. Hutchins,
H" -osmer A. Johnson, A. B.,
"  *Calvin S. Kingsley, A. B.,
Dwight May, A. B.,
*George P. Tindall, A. B.,
'50  Lewis R. Fiske, A. B.,
"   *eJames W. Tindall,
'5I  Joseph W. Bancroft, A. B.,
'  Chauncey M. Cady, A. B.,
'   Elias Cooley,
" i Robert C. Kedzie, MI. D.,
"  Byron G. Stout, A. B.,
'52  James H. Bates,
"   *Sidney A. Bean, A. B.,
"  *Walker L. Bean, A. B.,
*Charles W. Becker,
" Alfred G. Otis, A. B.
"  Sylvenus A. Taft,
";  Martyn Taylor, M. D.,
"  Tillman C. Trowbridge, A. B.,
'53  *John F. Becker, A. B.,
*Benjamin E. Hart,
"  Danforth A. Hart,
Jay A. Hubbell, A. B.,
Charles W. Tozer,


'54  *Arthur Blackwood,
"  France Chandler, A. B.,
"  *William Chandler, A. B.,
"   Edward P. Evans, A. B.,
Henry Strong,
" Daniel L. Wood, A. B.,
'55  James B. Eldredge, A. B.,
"  Charles Hewitt, A. B.,
"Edwin Willits, A. B.,
'6   Datus C. Brooks, A. B.,
John E. Clark, A. B.,:MIason Gibbs, A. B.,
*Milton W. Reynolds, A. B.,
Moses Coit Tyler,
57   Lewis W. James, A. B.,
" George MIcQ. Landon, A. B.,
"   John Richards, A. B.,
Edwin B. Wight, A. B.,
'8   John Graves, A. B.,
"John W. Horner, A. B.,
"   Walcott H. Littlejohn,
'   Charles R. Miller, B. S.,
Robert S. Moore, A. B.,
William E. Quinby, A. B.,
Tames W. Stark, A. B.,
Fitch R. Williams, A. B.,
'59  James R. Cary, A. B.,
*Charles B. Hankinson, B. S.,
"   Rodney J. Hathaway, A. B.,
" Solomon C. Martin,
Edward W. McGraw, A. B.,
Theodore A McGraw, A. B.,
" Ephraim A. Otis,
"   Orrin Parsons, A. B.,
*'  Albert H. Wilkinson, A. B.,
'60  Stuart Carkener,
'   Silas W. Dunning, A. B.,
"   George H. Gould,
*Sullivan D. Green,
"   *Allen W. H. Zacharias, A. B..
'6I  William H. Barnum,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


213


(I;
'62
(i
sc
c;
'63
'64
cc
'65
6c6
'66
c;


*Goodwin S. Beaver, A. B,
Benjamin F. Blair, A. B.,
*Allen J. Curtis, A. M.,
Byron M. Cutcheon, A. B.,
Charles H. Denison, A. B.,
Edward S. Jackson, A. B.,
Henry B. Landon, A. B.,
Henry D. Merrill,
Erasmus D. Nichols,
Hoyt Post, A. B.,
James A. Post, B S.,
*Charles H. Stocking, A. B.,
Henry M. Utley, A. B.,
Rienzi H. Baker, A. B.,
Hiram A. Burt, A. B.,
Charles Chandler, A. B.,
Edward G. Clark,
Edward A. Fay, A. B.,
*Harmon D. Follett, A. B.,
James H. Goodsell,
Charles M. Hunt,
David B. Sturges,
Edwin F. Uhl, A. B.,
James C. Ambrose, A. B.,
Lincoln T. Farr, A. B.,
William S. Harroun, A. B.,
Frank Hendricks,
Stephen Powers, A. B.,
*George Sherman,
*Edward R. Slawson, A. B.,
Casper E. Yost, LL. B.,
George S. Albee, A. B.,
Levant W. Barnhart,
William D. Hitchcock, A, B.,
James H. Kidd,
*William C. Moore,
Henry K. Rowley,
Henry D. Smith,
John D. Town,
*James M. Wilkinson,
Henry R. Austin,
Gabriel Campbell, A. B.,
Charles A. Dudley, A. B.,
*Charles M. Goodsell, A. B.,
George W. Harmon,
*Samuel R. McLean,
*Delos Phillips, A. B.,
*Alfred N. Smith,
Samuel Vincent,
*Charles G. Williams,
Fred W. Becker, A. B.,
*Eleazer Darrow. A. B.,
Oliver P. Dickinson, A. B.,
Emory L. Grant, A. B.,
James T. Larmonth,
Joseph V. Quarles, A. B.,
Edgar Rexford, A. B.,
Frederick J. Simmons,
William W. Washburn, A. B.,
15


'66
'67
'68
'69
70
'7
'72
73
'74


George S. White, A. B.
*Moses T. DeWitt,
George F. Edwards,
*Schuyler H. Williams,
George B. Woodman,
*James H. Chapin, A. B.,
Henry R. Durkee, M. E.,
John C. Freeman, A. B.,
*Roselle N. Jenne, A. B,
*Henry W. Lord, A. B.,
Frank H. Lyman, B. S.,
Albert H. Pattengill, A. B.,
Charles Quarles,
William J. Cocker, A. B.,
William C. Johns, B. S.,
Edwin Taylor,
Stanley Waterloo,
*William H. Wells,
Oscar J. Campbell, A. B.,
William R. Day, B. S.,
Robert N. Fearon, A. B.,
Edwin Fleming, A. B.,
Owen E. LeFevre, Ph. B,
John S. Maltman, B. S.,
Alfred Noble, C. E.,
Rufus H. Thayer, A. B.,
James F. Tweedy, A. B.,
Frank A. Crittenden,
Frank B. Gilbert,
Giles J. Holbrook,
Harry B. Hutchins, Ph. B.,
*Henry W. Montrose, A. B.,
Isaac H. Pedrick,
Horace Phillips, A. B.,
*Rufus E. Phinney, A. B.,
Frederick J. Picard,
James A. S. Warden, A. B.,
Charles M. Wilkinson, B. S.,
Edgar A. Cooley, A. B.,
Frederick L. Geddes, A. B.,
William J. Herdman, Ph. B.,
Joseph M. McGrath, A. B.,
Samuel G. Milner, A. B.,
Edward W. Pendleton, A. B.,
Dwight C. Rexford, A. B.,
~'Charles K. Turner, Ph. B.,
George P. Voorheis, A. B.,
Horace G. Burt,
Henry R. Cocker, B. S.,
*Edwin J. Ferdon, C. E.,
Rufus Fleming, LL. B.,
E. Durfee Galloway, Ph. B.,
Charles B. Keeler, Ph. B.,
Charles E. King, A. B.,
Judson G. Pattengill, A. B.,
Harry O. Perley, A. B.,
William B. Williams, A. B.,
Charles S. Wilson, A. B.,
*Louis R. Fiske, Jr.,




214


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'74  *Lyman D. Follett, A. B.,
" Charles M. Lungren, C. E.,
"   Don Alonzo Matthews, A. B.,
Henry W. Rogers, A. B.,
"   Wilbert W. Smith, B. S.,
James D. Warner, Ph. B.,
'75 Charles A. Clark,
"   *J. Clement Eaton, C. E.,
"   Eugene R. Hutchins, Ph. B.,
"   Edwin T. Laible,
Horace A. J. Upham, A. B.,
'76 Edmund D. Barry, A. B.,
"   Charles A. Blair, A. B.,
"   Clarence S. Brown, A. B.,
"   Frederick R. Buell,
" Fred L. Forman, Ph. B.,
James K. Ilsley, A. B.,
"   John H. Reynolds, A. B.,
Albert C. Stevens,
"   Charles Van Pelt, A. B.,
'77 William Carpenter, Ph. B.,
*Odgen W. Ferdon, Ph. B.,
"  William B. Ferris, B. S.,
Carlton C. Frederick, B. S.,
"   Thomas M. Hunter,
Ortive E. Latham, Ph. B.,
"   Milo Lewis, Ph. B.,
"  *James A. Stacy,
"   Frederick K. Stearns,
Abram M. Stephenson,
'78  William H. Butts, A. B.,
"   William C. Johnson, Ph. B.,
"   Harry P. Myrick, A. B.,
Thomas H. Noble,
" Evert VanPelt, C. E.,
'79 Josiah Bond, Jr.,
"   James P. Brown, Ph. B.,
"   Cornelius Van C. Ganson,
"   Frank D. Mead, A. B.,
"   Mark Norris, Ph. B.,
John H. Tweedy, Jr.,
William D. Washburn, A. B.,
Enoch C. White, A. B.,
'80 Richard B. Bancroft,
"  Frederick C. Myrick,
" Frank F. Reed, A. B.,
" John H. Willard, Ph. B.,
'8   Frank P. Boughton, A. B..
*Edward H. Bowman, A. B.,
"   George B. Daniels, A. B.,
"   Duane E. Fox, A. B.,
"   Charles W. Goodrich, A. B.,
Schuyler C. Graves, M. D.,
"   Adolph B. Mason,
Frank C. Robbins,
"   Frank T. Terry, A. B.,
'82  William H. Graham, A. B.,
"*Charles Edward Ilsley,
"William H. McEwan, B. S.,


'82
'83
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'84
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'85
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Andrew C. McLaughlin, A. B.,
William E. Martin, Ph. B.,
Charles W. Tinsman, A. B.,
Willard I. Brigham,
John U. Comstock, A. B:,
Ralph Gray, A. B.,
Norman D. Hinsdale, A. B.,
Reinhardt Rahr,
Homer E. Tinsman, A. B.,
Charles E Ferguson,
Thomas S. Jerome, Ph. B.,
William Savidge, A. B.,
Frank W. M. Cutcheon,
Ebenezer 0. Grosvenor, A. B.,
Samuel F. Hawley, Ph. B.,
George E. Slocum,
Harry B. Wheelock,
Arthur H. Williams, A. B.,
Cyrus B. Lewis, Jr.,
Alexander F. McEwan, B. L.,
Albert W. Middleton,'
Henry E. Montgomery,
Frank F. Bumps, Ph. B.,
Dwight Cutler, Jr.,
William E. Danforth,
William G. Latimer,
Arthur L. Lewis,
William Mitchell,
Larmon G. Townsend,
*Thomas L. Van Deventer,
Joseph E. Carpenter,
Andrew A. Clokey,
Samuel H. Crowl,
John N. Derby,
Daniel E. Ewald, A. B.,
Luther S. Harvey,
Fenton R. McCreery,
Morgan McM. Mann, Ph. B.,
Charles P. Wheeler,
Herbert U. Williams,
Benjamin P. Bourland, A. B,
Robert H. Day,
George T. Gamble,
Francis G. Howard,
John A. Nichols,
William W. Perfet,
James E. Talley, A. B.,
Jesse S. Thornham,
Henry M. Young,
Harry M. Bates, Ph. B.,
Charles B. Garrison, A. B.,
Edwin F. Gay, A. B.,
William W. Griffin,
William P. Harris, B. L.
Walter L. Mann, Ph. B.,
Horace Van Deventer, Ph. B.,
James M. Crosby, B. S.,
Robert S. Donaldson,
Chancey R. Lamb,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


215


79I
I
'92
(.
(.
'93
94
'95
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194
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Thomas A. McGraw,
Loyal L. Munn, Jr., A. B.,
Herbert S. Smith, A. B.,
Thomas L. Wilkinson, B. S.,
Lewis C. Carson, A. B.,
Eleazer Darrow, B. S.,
John K. Earp,
Garrett E. Lamb,
Stanley D. McGraw,
David W. McMorran, B. S.,
Frederick S. Porter, A. B.,
George C. Rew, B. S.,
Ashley C. Rogers,
Richard R. Smith,
Hugh F. Van Deventer. B. S.,
Carl C. Warden, Ph. B.,
James E. Ferris, Ph. B.,
Ransom G. George, A. B.,
Frank P. Graves, A. B.,
Samuel S. Harris, A. B.,
James S. Holland, A. B.,
Thomas B. Holland,
George E. Howes,
John C. Loomis,
Charles D. Matteson,
Dan Quirk, Jr. Ph. B.,
George J. Cadwell, Ph. B.,
Benjamin C. Robinson,
Robert C. Stevens, A. B.,
William B. Ward, A. B.,
Frederick D. Wilkerson, A. B.,
Harry F. Worden,
William H. Andrews, B. S.,
Norman T. Bourland, B. L.,
Philip D. Bourland, B. S.,
Charles H. Conrad, B. L.,
Mac Dowell Graves,
David Lefavour, B. S.,
William H. Perkins,
Henry H. Smith, A. B.,
Stewart E. White, Ph. B.,
Henry S. Barton,
Horatio S. Goodell,
Harry G. Nichols,
Frank H. Petrie, A. B.,
John B. Tillotson,
Christopher Van Deventer,
Fayette F. Van Deventer,


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Francis H. Wessels, A. B.,
Robert C. Bourland, A. B.,
Freeman Field, LL. B.,
Evans Holbrook,
Charles J. Phinney,
Arthur M. Smith, Ph. B.,
Ralph C. Taggart, Ph. B.,
Benjamin C. Cocker,
Charles C. Green,
Clarence E. Groesbeck,
Julian H. Harris,
Harry P. Herdman,
Ernest G. Hildner,
George C. Shirts,
George A. Woodruff,
Eugene C. Worden,
Orestes H. Wright,
Roswell F. Bishop,
Ferry K. Heath,
Eugene B. Jones,
Benjamin B. Metheany,
George E. Sherman,
Frederick H. Skinner,
Harry A. Smith,
Muir B. Snow,
Willard J. Stone,
Daniel J. Wessels,
Charles H. Wright,
Fred L. Baxter,
Austin George, Jr.,
Arthur B. Groesbeck,
Frank A. Hatch,
James S. Hodges,
Robert C. McKeighan,
Hazen S. Pingree, Jr.,
James S. Symons,
Roy C. Woodworth,
Schuyler B. Eddy,
Claude L. Lockwood,
Richard R. Metheany,
Giles B. Nichols,
Donald C. Osborn,
George E. Sudlow,
James M. Taggart,
George G. Whitcomb,
Harrison G. Williams,
William K. Williams.


The following members of Alpha Delta Phi initiated at other
institutions, and not permanently carried upon the rolls of the
Peninsular Chapter, have attended the University:


'62 2n Henry T. Antis,
" l Elwood P. Haines,
",z Augustus C. VanDuyn, M. D.,
'64 iz Charles E. Poe,
" i Alphonso D. Rockwell,


'65 m Charles G. Clark,
'66 mi William H. Sanborn,
" / John R. Vance,
" 1 *Henry R. Waterson,
'67 in Archibald S. Dunlap, M. D.,




2 6


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'68 / Alexander D. Anderson, LL. B., '75 / James 0. Jeffreys,
'69 7 James R. Willard,       '78 / Frederick P. Wilcox, LL. B.,
'70 Mz Sidney Crawford,        '79 9m Lorin Hall,
" 7 *Frank L. Skeels,         '82 1i Lewis R. Dawson, MI. D.,
'70 7 *Isaac W. Wood, LL. B.,   " i Harold Gifford, M. D.,
'71 / Andrew J. Mack,           "  Sheldon Parks, LL. B.,
"  *Willard H. Perley, LL. B.,  '86 / George L. Munn, LL. B.,
"m Edwin E. Smith,            '88 / David B. Day, LL. B.,
" / Edward T. Waite, LL. B.,  '90o  Richard F. Van Heusen,
'74 / Arthur D. Dean,         'oo Z Guy A. Andrews,
" ' M. Bronson Earnheart, LL. B.,  '" 7 Carl B. Ford.
Delta Kappa Epsilon.-This fraternity was founded at Yale,
June 22, 1844, by fifteen membes of the class of '46.  Forty-eight
chapters, of which thirty-five are now in active operation, have
been formed, the entire roll of colleges being as follows: Yale,
1844; Bowdoin, 1844; Colby, 1845; Princeton, 1845 -46, 1852-57; Amherst, 1846; University of Nashville,
1847-50, 1855-6i; Alabama, 1847-56, I885; Mississippi, 1850-6I, I865; Brown, I850; North Carolina,
1850-61, 1887; Harvard, I851-57, 1860-91; Miami, 1852-73, 1889; South Carolina, I852-6I; Kenyon, 1852; Oakland    College, I852-61; Virginia,
1852-61, I865; Dartmouth, I853; Kentucky Military
BADGE OF D.K.E. Institute, I85 4-6; Middlebury, 854; Michigan, i 855;
Williams, 1855; Lafayette, 1855; Hamilton, I856;
Colgate, I856; College of City of New York, I856; Rochester,
i856; Union, 1856-69; Cumberland, 1857-62, 1866-74; Centenary (La.), I858-62; Washington and Jefferson, 1858-62; Union University (Tenn.), I861-62; Rutgers, i86r; Troy University, I86I62; De Pauw, i866; Wesleyan, 1867; Washington and Lee, I867 -78; Rensselaer Polytechnic, 1867; Western Reserve, 1868; Cornell, 1870; Chicago, 1870-85, 1893; Syracuse, 1871; Columbia,
I874; California, 1876; Trinity, 1879; Central University (Ky.),
1885, Vanderbilt, 1889; Minnesota, 1889; Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 1889.  Buildings are owned by the society at Yale,
Amherst, North Carolina, Kenyon, Dartmouth, Michigan, Williams, Hamilton, Colgate, Rochester, Rutgers, WNesleyan, and
Cornell.  Crimson, blue, and gold are the colors.    Prominent
among the 13,000 members of D. K. E. are these: college presidents, William P. Johnston of Tulane University, Cyrus Northrop
of Minnesota, Martin Kellogg of California, George E. Mac Lean
of Nebraska, Albion W. Small and Nathaniel Butler of Colby,
and the late Francis A. Walker of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology; authors, Julian Hawthorne, Charlton T. Lewis, Rob



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


21 7


ert Grant, Theodore Winthrop, John Bach McMaster, Justin Winsor, Edward Bellamy, William L. Alden, William T. Harris, and
T. R. Lounsbury; publishers, Henry Holt and A. C. McClurg;
United States Senators, Brice, Butler, Dubois, Gibson, Grover,
Lodge, Patton, and Washburn; the late Governor William E. Russell, of Massachusetts; ExGovernors  McCreary of
Kentucky and Plaisted of
Maine;  Whitelaw  Reid,
formerly Mninister to
France; Stewart L. Woodf o r d, A m b a s s ado r to.:X
France; John D. Long, the                      _ _ 
present Secretary of the 
Navy, and Ex-Secretary          i
Hilary A. Herbert; Theodore Roosevelt, recently
Assistant Secretary of the
Navy; Wayne McVeagh,
formerly Attorney General;
Charles S. Fairchild, once
Secretary of the Treasury;,
Ex-Postmaster General                           /,o___
Bissell; Bishops Lawrence
of Massachusetts, RobertARMS OF DELTA KAPPA EPSILON.
son of Missouri, White of
Indiana, Dudley of Kentucky, Vincent of Southern Ohio, Peterkin
of West Virginia, and Elliott of Western Texas. In all of the large
Northern cities the D K. E. is represented by many alumni, and
unlike most other fraternities of Northern origin it has a Southern
wing of great strength.
Omicron, the Michigan branch of Delta Kappa Epsilon, was
instituted February 24, 1855, with seven juniors as charter members. The chapter has flourished from the outset. In 1872 an
incorporation under the title "The Omicron Literary Association" was effected. Six years later the closed temple owned by
the society in Williams street-was built and dedicated, and at Commencement in I889 the chapter house of rough-hewn boulder stone,
81 South State street, was formally opened. The lot on which the
house stands is Ioo by I20 feet. Among the alumni are ex-Circuit
Judge WV. D. Williams, '57, of Ontonagon; Ozora P. Stearns, '58, of




2I8


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Duluth, Minn., formerly U. S. Senator; Professor Bradley  I.
Thompson, '58, of the Michigan Law School; Raymond C. Davis,
'59, Librarian of our University; Claudius B. Grant, '59, of the
Supreme Court of Michigan; the late Professor Elisha Jones, '59,
of the University; Augustus H. Pettibone, '59, Representative in
Congress; Edward H. Butler, '6i, of Detroit, formerly State Treasurer; Jacob L. Greene, '6i, of Hartford; the late Walter S. Perry,
'6i, Superintendent of Schools, of Ann Arbor; George P. Sanford,
'62, of the Lansing Journal; Regent Levi L. Barbour, '63, of
Detroit; the late Seth C. Moffat, '64, Representative in Congress;
Newton H. Winchell, '66, Professor of Geology in the University
of Minnesota; Charles F.-Brush, '69, the inventor of the Brush
Electric Light; Harlow P. Davock, '70, of the Detroit Bar; James
D. Hawks, '70; Ex-Representative in Congress William C. Maybury, '70, now Mayor of Detroit; U. S. Circuit Court Clerk Walter
S. Harsha, '71; DeWitt H. Taylor, '7I, Henry Russel, '73, Bryant
Walker, '76, Henry M. Campbell, '76, W. J. Gray, '77, and Alexis
C. Angell, '78, all of the Detroit Bar; Hamilton Dey, '72, banker, of
Detroit; Dr. Ernest T. Tappey, '73, of Detroit; Attorney-General
F. A. Maynard, '74, of Grand Rapids; Professor A. V. E. Young,
'75, of Northwestern University; John H. Avery, '77 p, of Detroit;
Professor George H. Harrower, '78, of the Agricultural College;
and Professor James R. Angell, 'go, of the University of Chicago.
Delta Kappa Epsilon claims
I-~~~~ ~         the following members of the
University baseball nines,
i864-98: A. E. Wilkinson,
'69, W. C. Daybury, '70, A.
G. Bishop, '73, F. A. Maynard, '74, H. A. Thayer,
'74, G. H. Abbott, '75, C.
S. Burch, '75, P. R. Wilson,
P. Codd, 9, J. C.  75Co,,  W. F. Baxter, '77,  V.
W. Augur, '78, W. H. Murphy, '79, A. S. Deacon, '8o,
CHAPTER HOUSE OF DELTA KAPPA EPSILON. C. H. Hodges,'82, J. M. Jaycox, '87, W. H. MXuir,'88, G.
P. Codd, '9i, J. C. Condon, '96, J. wV. Hollister, '96 1, WV. W.
Waterman, '97, and F. C. Condon, '99. In the football teams the
following members have played: A. C. Angell, '78, C. H. Campbell, '80, J. M. Jaycox, '87, W. R. Trowbridge, '89 m, W. D. Ball,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


219


'90, R. S. Freund, '96, and J. S. Freund, '97. Of the tennis
champions D. K. E. includes in its ranks J. M. Jaycox, '87, W. H.
Muir, '88, J. R. Angell, 'go, and G. P. Codd, '9I.
T. C. Abbott, formerly President of the Agricultural College;
the late Professor James R. Boise; J. A. Corbin, of Pontiac; John
M. Gregory, of the U. S. Civil Service; Uriah B. Lawton; the
poet Bayard Taylor; and the late Professor Alexander Winchell,
are ranked as honorary members of the Omicron of D. K. E.
The roll, in addition to the seven just mentioned, is as follows:


'6   Lemon Barnes, A. B.,
" *Henry C. Champion, A. B.,
*James P. Jones, A. B.,
"   Marcus A. 0. Packard, A. B.,
Frederic Rowe, A. B.,
John Q. A. Sessions, A. B.,
"*Lyman A. Soule, A. B.,
'57  William M. Hill, A. B.,
*Davis H. Taylor, A. B.,
"   Edward G. Thurber, A. B.,
*Zelotes Truesdell, B. S.,
"   *William D. Williams, B. S.,
'58  George A. Armstrong,
William Ball,
"  Luther Beckwith, B. S.,
" *George W. Benedict,
" *Oliver C. Comstock,
"   Wesley A. Green, A. B.,
Ruel M. Johnson, B. S.,
*Ozora P. Stearns, B. S.,
"   Bradley M. Thompson, B. S.,
'59  Augustus A. Chapin, A. B.,
Raymond C. Davis,
*George A. Flanders, A. B.,
"   Claudius B. Grant, A. B.,
"   *Elisha Jones, A. B.,
"   Charles B. Lamborn, A. B.,
4   Augustus H. Pettibone, A. B.,
"    Charles F. Taylor,
'60  Almon L. Aldrich, B. S.,
'   *Augustus W. Chapman, A. B.,
*Edwin D. Fiske, A. B.,
*Simeon C. Guilde, A. B.,
"   Charles H. McCreery, A. B.,
"   Luther Mendenhall, A. B.,
"   S. G. Ward,
'61  *Orville S. Abbott, B. S.,
*Frederick Arn, B. S.,
" Edward H. Butler,
"*William Gillette, B. S.,
" Jacob L. Greene,
Charles D. Gregory, A. B.,
John C. Johnson, B. S.,
"   John Smith Lloyd, A. B.,
*Samuel R. B. Lord, A. B.,


'61  *Walter McCollum, A. B.,
"   *Henry 0. Newcomb, A. B.,
*Walter S. Perry, A. B.,
"   *George P. Sanford, B. S.,
Edward Searing, A. B.,
*Eli L. Starr,
"   Roswell B. Taylor, B. S.,
"   Robert H. Tripp, A. B.,
'62 William W. E. Armbruster, B. S.,
"   *John E. Colby, A. B.,
*Marvin A. Gaylord, A. B.,
"   Henry W. Hayward,
Samuel Howard, A. B.,
"   *William E. Nelson, A. B.,
*Samuel E. Perry, A. B.
"   *Moses K. Rosebrugh, A. B.,
Charles P. Silkman,
"   James I. Van Keuren, A. B.,
"  *Aaron A. Watkins, A. B.,
'63 Levi L. Barbour, A. B.,
"   *John B. Beane,
"   Ansel B. Denton,
"  *George F. Fish, A. B.,
Edward P. Kibbee,
"  *Ezra D. Lay, Jr., A. B.,
"   *Lyford Peavey,
"   Edward N. Skinner,
*Theophilus B. Smyth, B. S.,
"  *Henry H. Winn,
'64 *William S. Brewster, A. B.,
"   Gordon Y. Gray, LL. B.,
"   *Horace V. Knight,
"   Herbert A. Lee, A. B.,
"   *Seth C. Moffat, LL. B. '63,
"   Charles S. Newton,
"   *Scovel C. Stacy, A. B.,
"' Frank A. Todd,
'65  Horace E. Burt,
"   Albert A. Day,
"   George L. Graves,
"   Sandford B. Ladd, A. B.,
"  *Homer C. Powers, B. S.,
"   Arthur H. Snow, A. B.,
"   *Louis Stoskopf,
"   *Francis G. Woodruff,




220


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'66  Sidney Beckwith, A. B.,
James K. Blish, A. B.,
"   William E. Butler,
" Luther Conant,
"   Edward S. Elmer, A. B..
*Edwin D. Kelley, A. B.,
"   Charles D. Martin,
" Lewis E. Prindle,
"   Charles A. Sanford, A. B..
"  James M. Scott, A. B.,
"   Newton H. Winchell, A. B.,
'67  William M. Dwight,
*Isaac N. Elwood, A. B.,
"    George A. Foster, A. B.,
"   William S. Roberts, Jr.,
Leander A. Sheetz,
"   Amos Wakelin,
Edward W. Wetmore, A. B.,
'68  Edward C. Burns, C. E.,
Lewis W. Hallock,
"   Edward L. Hessenmueller, A. B.,
George S. Hickey, A. B.,
"   William E. Lown,
'69  Charles F. Brush, M. E.,
Egbert J. Mapes,
" Lucian Swift, Jr., M. E.,
*John Whiting, C. E.,
" Alfred E. Wilkinson, A. B.,
'70  John A. Baldwin, A. B.,
"   Darius-Boughton, M. D.,
"   *Thomas H. Bush, A. B.,
"  *George T. Campau, A. B.,
" Harlow P. Davock, A. B.,
" James D. Hawks,
"   Edward P. King,
" William C. Maybury, LL. B. '70,
"   William L. Oge,
Frederick Perkins,
"   Robertson Winchell, A. B.,
'71  Theodore A. Felch, Ph. B.,
"   Walter S. Harsha, A. B.,
"   Alexander B. Raymond, C. E..
" Edward B. Sumner, B. S.,
" DeWitt H. Taylor, LL. B.,
Floyd Baker Wilson, A. B.,
'72  Frank D. Andrus, A. B.,
" Alexander M. Campau, Jr.,
"   Hamilton Dey, Ph. B.,
" William H. Hinman, B. S.,
"  Joseph C. Jones, A. B.,
"   James H. Maguire, A. B.,
"   William H. McKee, A. B.,
"   *Addison Moffat, A. B.,
" William S. Scovill,
"   Theodore B. Wilson, A. B.
'73  William Benson, A. B.,
"   Arthur G. Bishop, B. S.,
"Sherwood R. Peabody, A. B.,
"   Henry Russel, A. B.,


'73
'742
'75
'76
'77p
'78
C (
(C
'79
'8o
'8
C (
cC
8 I
TCc
c C


Ernest T. Tappey, A. B.,
*Edward E. Thayer, A. B.,
Charles McA. Winchell. C. E.,
Edward W. Wood, A. B.,
Charles M. Crofoot,
James H. Glover, Ph. B.,
Louis B. King, Ph. B..
Fred A. Maynard, A. B..
Herbert A. Thayer, A. B,
Charles H. Walker,
*Edward W. Withey, A. B.,
*George H. Abbott, Ph. B.,
Henry G. Allen,
Frank W. Ball, Ph. B..
Charles S. Burch, A. B.,
*Montgomery T. Campau,
Franklin N. Fish,
Frank W. Fletcher, Ph. B.,
William F. Gelston, A. B.,
Orlo Phelps,
Walter S. Russel, C. E.,
Percy R. Wilson, Ph. B.,
Abram V. E. Young, Ph. B.,
Henry M. Campbell, Ph. B.,
Charles D. Cone,
Frank L. Felch, A. B..
Howard B. Smith, A. B..
Louis C. Stanley, A. B.,
Bryant Walker, A. B.,
Robert J. Young, A. B.,
John H. Avery,
Witter F. Baxter,
Edward A. Gilbert, A. B.,
William J. Gray, A. B.,
Alexis C. Angell, A. B..
Walter W. Augur, A. B.,
Walter H. Cheever,
George F. Foster,
George H. Harrower, A. B.,
Henry W. Judd, M. E.,
William V. Moore, A. B.,
James T. Shaw, A. B.,
Sidney B. Wight, M. E.,
Ross Wilkins, Ph. B.,
Henry W. Ashley, A. B.,
Rathbun Fuller,
William S. McCay,
*William B. Morris,
William H. Murphy,
John R. Russel, A. B.,
John Biddle,
Charles H. Campbell, Ph. B.,
Andrew S. Deacon,
Samuel E. Wheat,
Samuel Chandler, A. B.,
Allan M. Fletcher,
Wetmore Hunt, Ph. B.,
Charles H. Kumler, A. B.,
George A. Lederle, C. E.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


2 2 I


"   Frank C. Mandell, A. B.,
"   Delos L. Parker. Ph. B.,
"   Charles A. Reed, A. B.,
"   Charles T. Thompson, LL. B. '80,
"   Louis D. Wight, B. L.,
"   Frederick B. Wood, LL. B.,
'82   Edward McE. Benson,
Benjamin P. Brodie, A. B.,
"   Malcolm W. Edgar, B. S.,
Robert T. Gray, Ph. B.,
'   Charles H. Hodges,
Henry S. Pratt, A. B.,
"   Frederick W. Whiting, Ph. B.,
"   George Wiley,
'83  Charles H. Black, A. B.,
Bethune Duffield, A. B.,
"   Henry A. Mandell, Ph. B.,
Edwin L. Strong,
"   William G. Webster,
"   Charles T. Wilkins, Ph. B.,
'84  Charles S. Ashley, A. B.,
"  *Florence L. Beeson,
" Willard M. Clapp,
Harold 0. Crane,
"   Frank S. Parker, LL. B. 'S7,
'85  Preston S. Fancher,
"   Charles L. Greene,
"   Leonard F. Hatch,
"   George B. Sheehy, A. B.,
'86  John E. Burchard,
"   Louis E. Dunham, A. B.,
"   Charles S. Young,
'87  James F. Blaine,
"   George A. Burden,
"   George L. Canfield,
George P. Cary, Ph. B.,
"   John W. Case,
" Charles H. C3oley, A. B.,
"   Rufus N. Crossman,
Frederich W. Hodges, B. S.,
"   John McI. Jaycox, B. S.,
" Samuel K. Pittman, Ph. B.,
"   William R. Trowbridge,
'88  Louis K. Comstock, Ph. B.,
" Henry H. Cushing,
" George W. Kimball,
William H. Muir, B. S,
"   Walter R. Parker, B. S.,
"   William M. Strong,
Herbert J. Stull, A. B.,
'89  William H. Day,
"    Arthur S. Hebard,
"   William C. Hebard,
Otho S. Stull, B. S.,
'90  James R. Angell, A. B.,
"   William D. Ball, B. S.,
"   Arthur H. Bannon, Ph. B.,
" Frederick B. Close,
"  *Frederick W. Crane,


'90  Henry W. Douglas, B. S.,
" Frederick T. Ducharme,
" n Harvey McC. Haseltine,
"   Frank A. Roda,
" John R. Rogers, B. S.,
"  Henry P. Strong,
" Charles S. Withey
'91  George P. Codd, A. B.,
Thomas B. Cooley, A. B.,
"   Roger W. Griswold,
" Franklin S. Hutchinson.
Harrison B. McGraw, A. B.,
" Frederick S. Richmond, B. S.,
*Edward H. Smith, Ph. B.,
"  John McD. Stull,
'92  Paul F. Bagley,
Harry C. Bulkley, A. B.,
"   Levi D. Johnson,
William J. LeH. Lyster. Ph. B.,
John B. Miller,
" Harry T. Smith, A. B.,
'93  Frank R. Gilchrist, B. S.,
'Rufus G. Lathrop, A. B.,
" Walter 0. Smith,
" William S. Whiting,
"   Lawrence J. Whittemore,
Edwin C. Wilkinson, Ph. B.,
'94  Thomas P. Bradfield, Ph. B.,
William B. Canfield, Ph. B.,
"   Alfred B. Connable, B. I..,
"  *Vincent R. Dwyer,
" Alfred H. Hunt, A. B.,
" David K. Paige,
'95  Arthur C. Bloomfield, A. B.,
Henry I,. L. H. Lyster, A. B.,
" Harry M. Mason,
" Samuel Medbury,
"   James 0. Murfin, B...,
" George R. Russel, A. B.,
'96  John C. Condon, B. S.,
" Dexter M. Ferry, Jr.,
"   Raynor S. Freund,
Stuart E. Galbraith, B. I..,
" Edmund R. Harrington,
" Kirke Lathrop, B. L.,
"   George A. Marston,
" Elijah W. Meddaugh,
" Frank E. Miller,
Harry G. Nicol,
" Albert W. Russel,
'97   Dudley P. Bounell,
"   Jed B. Freund,
"   Herbert A. Gallup,
"   John H. Howard,
'i  Theodore C. Lyster, Ph. B.,
W. Howard O'Brien, B. S.,
"   W. Whitney Waterman,
'98  Charles B. Davis,
"   Walter H. Jennings,




222


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'98  Edward L. Moseley,
" Orville W. Prescott,
Walter H. Shelby,
"   Angus Smith,
"   Harold B. Wetmore,
'99  Irving M. Bean,
John C. Bradfield,
"   Frank C. Condon,
"   Ernest F. Harrington,
"   Frederick A. Leas,
"   Harry B. Potter,
"   Robert B. Potter,
"   Rodolphe R. Reilly,


99   Julian H. Thomson,
'oo   George S. Benson, Jr.,
Ralph E. Gilchrist,
"   Frederick H. Green,
"   Arthur W. Plum,
'oI   William Cowie,
"   Woolsey W. Hunt,
*'  Charles G. Lathrop,
" Thomas L. B. Lyster,
Charles I. Marston,
William R. Nellegar,
" Forris DeA. Stevens,
Charles XMacM. Wetmore.


The following members of D. K. E., initiates of other chapters, and students in the professional schools of our University,
are not included in the official list of the Omicron Chapter:


'57 im James B. Ford, I. D.,
'63 1 *Samuel B. Spear,
'65 m Charles W. Milliken, M. D.,
'66 I Frank Evans,
"   De Witt C. Marsten,
"   James W. Owens,
"   Philip C. Porter,
"   Nelson L. Rood, LL. B.,
'67 7 Calvin S. Brice,
"   George P. Davis, LL. B.,
"   John J. Davis,
"   Le Roy Parker,
" n John B. Tyler, MI. D.,
'68 vf Frank H. Carson,
'69 mz Alfred HI. Champlin, MI. D.,
'70 I Walter J. Collins,
"   James F. Elliott,
"   John N. Irwin,
"   John N. Wyman,
7I / *Edward Egbert, LL. B.,
"   James E. Riddick, LL. B.,
"   John T. Stringer, LL. B.,
'72 / William R. Smith, LL. B.,
'73 7 George W. Cass, LL. B.,
'74 / Howard E. Henderson,
"ph Finley B. Pugh, Ph. C.,
(   Eberle D. Smith,
"   Edwin F. Sweet, LL. B.,
"   *Thomas A. Taylor, LL. B.,
*Robert E. Williams, C. E.,
'75 mv George G. Baker, M. D.,
'76 7 *Charles A. Kebler, LL. B.,
"   Charles L. Lewis,
"   John R. Ranney, LL. B.,
" n John E. Weaver,
'77 v Walter Schell,
" 7 *Willis E. Walker,
'78 / Charles E. Hale, LL. B.,


'78 vz Olin Kinne, Mi. D.,
" vs George H. Littlefield, M. D.,
'79 p Charles W. Koons, Ph. C.,
'80 vzs Frederick Baker, M. D.,
"   Henry McFarland,
"   Elroy D. Sherman, LL. B.,
"   Thomas M. Sloan, LL. B.,
" h Ashley J. Williams,
'SI 7 George W. Benham, LL. B.,
George F. Kenaston, A. M.,
" m John G. Kennan, M. D.,
"   Edgar H. Loyhed, LL. B.,
7' Thomas B. Marston,
'83 / Edward W. Peterson, LL. B.,
" / Orson H. Brooke,
'84 / Lincoln Brooke,
'S7 vt Leonard F. Hatch, MI. D.,
"   Charles Reed, LL. B.,
"   James N. Saunders, LI. B.,
'88 g Sedgwick Mather.
'9o h Leigh Y. Baker, M. D.,
'91 / George S. Johnson, LL. B.,
'92 / Victor M. Elting, LL. B.,
" / Charles S. Witbeck,
" / Haynie R. Pearson,
'94 m William S. Hubbard,
' 7 Lindsay Russell, Jr., LL. B.,
" ag Hinckley Smith,
"'  Luther O. Wadleigh, ILL. B.
'96 Z John W. Hollister, IL. B.,
"   Wallace H. Prescott,
" vz J. W. Van Dusen, 'I. D.,
" 7 Frederick W. Winkler,
'98 vs Thomas S. Burr,
4 "m Jesse K. Marden,
"   Rufus P. Ranney,
'99 e Cary D. Terrell,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


223


Delta Phi, the third in age of the Greek-letter fraternities,
was founded at Union College, November i8, 1827, by nine members of the class of '28. Sixteen chapters lettered successively
from Alpha to Pi, have been established at Union, Brown, New
York, Columbia, Rutgers, Harvard, Pennsylvania,
Princeton, Michigan, North Carolina, Rensselaer
Polytechnic, Colgate, Lehigh, Johns Hopkins,
Sheffield (Yale) Scientific School, and Cornell,
those at Princeton, Michigan, North Carolina, and
Colgate, being at present inactive. Of the 3,000
BADGE OF DELTA members the following may be named: Garret A.
Hobart, Vice-President of the United   States;
William H. Seward; Ex-Governor William Gaston of Massachusetts; General Adin B. Underwood of Boston; the Rev. T.
Stafford Drowne of Long Island; United States Senator Christopher Magee; the late Hon. Samuel S. Cox; Ex-Chancellor Howard Crosby of New York; Ex-Presidents Rankin of Hobart and
Totten of Trinity; Professor R. Ogden Doremus; Professor Cornelius R. Agnew of
Columbia; the late
Bishop W. E. Armitage; Sanford R. Gif- 
ford, the artist; and
Ex-Governor George                                 =C. Ludlow  of New t
Jersey. White, blue, 
and white are the colors. The chapters at 
Columbia, Rutgers,
and Yale, own buildings. Iota, the Mich-           ]
igan branch, was in-  "; 
stituted late in I855 
with  eight charter
members, chiefly
from  the classes of
'58 and '59. George
N. Brady of Detroit,           ARMS OF DELIA PHI.
was one of the founders. In I856 D. O. Farrand, subsequently distinguished as a surgeon in Detroit, and Cushman K. Davis, now United States Sena



224


FHE MICHIGAN BOOK


tor from Minnesota, were initiated.  Other good men were added
to the roll, but the society never became as strong in Michigan as
it is in other institutions, and in the autumn of 1875, after a chequered life of twenty years, the Iota, discouraged by the graduation
of the strongest class it had ever secured, returned its charter.
Three of the five academic undergraduates joined other societies,
and one abjured college fraternities altogether. In i892 the fraternity contemplated a revival, and a number of men stood ready to
take the charter, but the ground had been occupied by younger
organizations. The chapter was represented upon the baseball nine
of the University by J. C. Bigger. '68 /, and F. N. Wood, '75.


Following are the names of
roll:
'56  *Dwight D. Stebbins, A. B.,
-  George N. Brady,
'57  Cushman K. Davis, A. B 
*D. Osbourn Farrand,
Charles M. McDonald,
"  George M. Waldron.
i" mi *Allen M. Walton,
'5S  *    iAdolphus G. Armington,
"  "George MI. Chester,
"i Albert M. Helmer, M. D.,
T *Myron E. N. Howell, B. S.
" n Thomas Lothrop, M. D.,
"   James P. Mosher,
*Judd M. Mott, A. B,
'59  *James A. Brown, M. D. '63,
Alvin J. Cole,
" i John V. Cowles,
"   Clayton J. Croft,
George E. Cuming, B. S.,
" Robert E. Frazer, B. S.,
"  Robert Heath,
"  *James Kingsley, LL. B. '63,
"   S. Thomas Moore,
"   Gerritt S. Van Valkenburgh,
'60  Henry S. Noble,
" Barry Taylor,
*John M. Wirts, LL. B.,
'6i  John K. Cravens,
"/ William A. Martin, LL. B.,
" Hugh M. Murphy,
'62  Edward B. Darlington,
"  *Lewis Drake,
"   A. Theodore Dudley,
*Aaron C. Jewett, A. B.,
"   George Kingsley, LL. B.,
"  *Joseph McConnell,
"   Charles T. Parks,
Daniel D. Thurber,
Charles B. Wood, A. B.,


the 104 men carried on the chapter's


'63 / *Ferdinand A. Ashley,
" Nelson Booth,
"    ames H. Fairchild, 1,I. I;.
6 i*William R. Hosmer.
'  Franklin Johnson,
'   William H. Thurber,
" Edward R. Wilcox,
'64  James F. Benedict,
"  \Villianm. Booth. B. S.,
"   William D. Morton,
"  S. Frank \Valker, B. S..
'65  Henry E. Duncan.
"    Gove Porter,
"   George 5. Walker, LL. 1;
'66  Gabriel W. Crutcher.
William C. Frew, B. S..
"   eLevv M. Hathaway,
"   Henry Smith, A. B.,
'67 7 Joseph S. Eaves,
"  H. Clay Gould,
" /Harrison Hume, LL. B..
"   Henry P. Rodgers,
" /Levi D. Vincent,
'6S  Brutus J. Clay, M. E.,
"   George C. Fry, A. B.,
"   Edgar S. Johnston, C. E..
i/ William J. Patterson,
'69  John C. Bigger, LL. B. '6S.
"   William Borden,
"   Adam H. Heldenbrand,
" i James G. Hunt,
Benjamin L. C. Lothrop, A. B.,
"/ Thomas E. Turner, LL. B..
'70  Henry B. Farwell,
Walter E. Johnson.
"p Albert Taylor,
'7   John J. Aiken,
"   J. Frank Brooks,
'   Belno A. Brown,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


225.


'7r I Lewis L. Kettle,        '75 Fred G. Bulkley,
William 0. Snyder,             Bartolo D'Aubigne,
't William M. Walker,             Walter J. Heyser, B. S.,
'72  Frank C. Duncan,      "       Charles V. Hicks,
"I Frank M. Hoyt,              "  Arthur D. Lathrop,
"   Edward H. Jones,           "  Leslie C. McPherson, A. B.,
"   Lewis B. Parsons,         "   *George E. Pantlind, C. E.,
'73  *Samuel P. Barstow,       " / Benjamin F. Webster,
" Addison Millard,           "  Frank N. Wood,
"  Joseph Painter, Jr.,      '76  Harness R. QnilDn,
"  Frank W. Rorke,             "  Frederick G. Waite,
'74  *George H. Jameson, A. B.,  '77  *George K. Brown,
"   Stewart Clark,            "   George H. Lathrop.
Josiah Medbury, '78 m, was a member of Delta Phi at Brown
University before coming to Ann Arbor.
Sigma Phi, the second in age of the intercollegiate fraternities, was founded at Union College, March 4, I827, by four
students.  A branch at Hamilton was formed in I831; another was
instituted at Williams in 1834; a fourth chapter existed in the
New York University 1835-48; a fifth chapter was
established at Hobart in I840; a sixth, at the University of Vermont in 1845; a seventh lived at
Princeton, 85 3-60; and later branches have been
instituted at Michigan (I858), Lehigh (1887), and
Cornell (I890).  Seven of the eight chapters now
living own houses.  Light-blue and white are the  B  PGEHIGA
colors.  The fraternity is exclusively Eastern in
traditions and sentiment.  There have been in all about 2,o00
members, among whom may be named the late Charles J. Folger,
Secretary of the U. S. Treasury; John J. Knox, former Controller
of the Treasury; John Bigelow, Ex-Minister to France; MajorGeneral Daniel Butterfield, of New York; U. S. Senators J. J.
Ingalls and Theodore Otis; John Cochrane and Charles B. Sedgwick, Representatives in Congress; Ex-Governors Hartranft of
Pennsylvania, Hoffman of New York, and Walker of Virginia;
George F. Comstock member of the New York Court of Appeals;
Elihu Root of the New York Bar; Dr. Lewis A. Sayre of New
York City; the late Thomas S. Preston, Vicar-General of New York;
Bishop George Worthington of Kansas; Bishop Lemuel H. Wells
of Spokane; Bishop Charles E. Cheney, of the Reformed Episcopal
Church; the late Rev. Henry M. Field of The New York
Evangelist; Anson Judd Upson, Chancellor of the University
of New York; Presidents Buckham of Vermont University, Stryker
of Hamilton, and Hastings of Union Theological Seminary; Ex



226


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Presidents Andrews of Marietta, Le Conte of California, Eaton of
Madison, Sterling of Kenyon, and White of Cornell; Professors
Oren Root of Hamilton, William D. Whitney of Yale, Asahel C.
Kendrick of Rochester, and Charles S. Denison of Michigan.
In 1849 steps were taken under the direction of the Hon.
Edward L. Fuller, Union '3o, and of other Sigma Phi graduates,
to organize a chapter in Michigan. Eight
men were selected from the classes of '49,
'50, and '5I, for a petitioning club, and four
others from '52 stood as conditional peti4 \ t4 ~   tioners. But the Society War necessitated
the withdrawal of the petition; and not until
1858 was the Alpha of Michigan-which
>X),.\  (        owed its origin largely to Professor Andrew:i^.^o'^          D. White-instituted. Only one of the first
petitioners has been received into the chapARMS OF SIGMA PHI.  ter.  An incorporation under the laws
ARMS OF SIGMA PHI.
of the State has been effected, and the
society owns a chapter house and lodge delightfully located on a
spur of the bluffs overlooking the valley of the Huron. The
property was bought for $5,ooo from Professor Tyler in March,
1882. Among the alumni of the Alpha of Michigan are the late
Theodore R. Chase, '49, of Detroit; the late Richard Beardsley,
'59, Consul General at Cairo; Ex-Regent Samuel S. Walker, '6I,
Judge Conway W. Noble, '63, of Cleveland; Colonel Henry C.
Christiancy, '63; Circuit
Judge Edward DeW. Kinne, I         j /
'64, of Ann Arbor; Henry
A. Conant, '65, former Sec-:                    Pf
retary of State of Michigan; 
John M. Hinchman,'66, and
George B. Remick,'66, bothe
of                         Detroit; John F. Law
rence, '66, of Ann Arbor;
Ex-Circuit Judge Herman::;?::
W. Stevens, '66, of Port
Huron; Dr. Richard S.         CHAPTER HOUSE OF SIGMA PHI.
Dewey, '68, author of the
"Prize College Song", 1869; William A. Butler, '69, of Detroit;
William A. Childs, '69, of New York City; Charles P. Gilbert, '70,
the late George H. Lothrop, '70, General Henry B. Lothrop, '77,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


227


Alfred E. Brush, '73, Franklin H. Walker, '73, James V. D. Willcox, '75, and Harrie R. Newberry, '78, all of Detroit; Eugene F.
Cooley, '70, of Lansing; Henry G. Prout, '75, formerly GovernorGeneral of the Soudan; Charles R. Wing, '74, of Monroe; George
S. Willits, '78, and Robert H. McMurdy, '80, of the Chicago Bar;
Edward H. Ozmun, '82, of the St. Paul Bar; and Professor Mortimer E. Cooley of the University.
The following members of Sigma Phi have been members of
the Michigan baseball nines: 0. P. Bills, '65, J. M. Hinchman,
'66, W. H. Boardman, '68, WV. A. Butler, '69, E. F. Cooley, '70,
G. H. Lothrop, '70, R. H. McMurdy, '80, L. S. Bigelow, '86,
J. D. Hibbard, '87, Lincoln MacMillan, 'g9, and E. L. Cooley,
'99. In the football teams of the University Sigma Phi has been
represented by F. G. Allen, '8i, E. P. Hathaway, '82, N. C.
Paine, '92, E. D. Wickes, '93, Roger Sherman, '94, H. Mortimer
Senter, '96, J. DeF. Richards, '98, and Leo J. Keena, 'oI.
Following is the roll of the Michigan Alpha of Sigma Phi:


'49  "Theodore R. Chase, A. B.,
'58  *John Q. A. Fritchey, A. B.,
"   John W. Paine, B. S.,
"   *Charles S. Patterson, B. S.,
"   Alexander Richard, B. S.,
"   *Samuel E. Smith, B. S.,
'59  *Richard Beardsley, B. S.,
"   *Judson C. Lowell, A. B.,
"   *Richard C. Sabin, A. B.,
'60  Charles D. Lyon,
'6I  William E. Crumme,
"   Archibald B. Darrah,
"   William Farnsworth,
"   Cholwell Knox, LL. B.,
" Samuel S. Walker, B. S.,
-  n. *Fred C. Hober,
'62  Hiram R. Johnson,
" Charles H. Lewis, A. B.,
*William F. Rogers,
"   William J. Stackhouse,
'63  Henry C. Christiancy,
"   John B. Davenport,
"   William C. Green,
Conway W. Noble, A. B.,
" Charles H. Palmer, B. S.,
"    Lewis H. Redfield,
"   Rollin P. Saxe,
"   Uriah L. Sayrs,
'64  *Frederick A. Buhl,
"   Edward DeW. Kinne, A. B.,
"   Edward C. Page,
" / Emory D. Potter Jr., LL. B.,
"   *Jesse P. Winegar,


'65  Lamont C. Bidwell,
" Oscar P. Bills, A. B.,
"   James C. Christiancy,
"   Henry A. Conant,
"   James C. Darragh,
"   *Mills H. Landon,
"  *William S. Oliver,
" Rufus J. Palen.
"  *Ossian R. Ross,
'66   *Theodore R. Adams,
"   John M. Hinchman,
"   John F. Lawrence, A. B.,
"   George B. Remick, A. B.,
"   William A. Rogers,
"   Herman W. Stevens, A. B..
" Edward C. Stoddard, LL. B.,
"   William B. Thompson, LL. B.
Charles W. Wright,
'67   Henry P. Churchill, A. B..
"   Horton H. Drury, A. B.,
"   Henry N. French, A. B.,
"   Charles G. Hickox,
"   Dwight N. Lowell, A. B.,
"   *George L. Philips,
"   Charles H. Starkweather,
'68  William H. Boardman, A. B.,
Richard S. Dewey, M. I).,
*Clarence N. Howell, A. B.,
"   Isaiah G. Lewis,
Fillmore M. Smith, M. E.,
"   Joseph M. Stoutt, A. B.,
"  William A. Butler, B. S.,
William A. Childs,




228


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'69  *Frederick A. TI)dgeon, A. B.,
William W. Lockwood,
'70  Eugene F. Cooley, A. B.,
"   *William T. Emerson, B. S.,
"   Charles P. Gilbert, C. E.,
"   *George HI. Lothrop,
-  m *Edwin A. Kilbourne,
'71  *George T. Fox, A. B.,
Charles 0. McEntee,
"   Charles M. MacLaren,
Frank M. Millard,
'   Henry G. Prout, C. E.,
"  *Frank Remick,
*Harry C. Willcox, B. S.,
'72  *Charles B. Lothrop, A. B.,
"   William A. Warner,
'73  Alfred E. Brush, Ph. B.,
*Eliot H. Brush, Ph. B.,
"   *William H. Fox, A. B.,
"   William J. Head, C. E.,
"   Charles A. Philips,
"   Clarence MI. Stevens, C. E.,
"   Franklin H. Walker, B. S.,
'74  Franklin S. Goodrich,
"   Henry B. Goodrich,
"   Henry B. Jackson, C. E.,
"   Austin W. Mitchell,
"  *James F. Potter, B. S.,
" Charles R. Wing, Ph. B.,
'75  Henry D. Bates, C. E.,
Charles 0. Ford,
James V. D. Willcox,
'76  *Peter E. DeMille,
'77  Stanley C. Bagg,
"   Albert W. Hard, Ph. B.,
'   Henry B. Lothrop,
'78  *Marion B. Allen, Ph. B.,
"   Charles M. Cooley, Ph. B.,
Clarence Griggs, A. B.,
" Harrie R. Newberry,
Frank L. Sizer, C. E.,
"   George S. Willits, A. B.,
'79  Fred K. Fernald,
" 1 William T. Hall, LL. B.,
"p John P. Kelly, Ph. C., MI. D.,
" p John F. Wallach,
'80  Edwin L. Chapman,
Robert McMurdy, LL. B.,
"   William W. Nash,
"   Frank W. Loveland,
'8  Frank G. Allen, A. B.,
"   George L. Little,
*Harry C. Richardson, A. B.,
'82  James S. Collins, A. B.,
Roger W. Cooley, B. L.,
"   Elnathan P. Hathaway,
"   William L. Loveland, B. L.,
"   *William H. Mitchell, A. B.,
"   Percy A. Lane,


'82  Edward H. Ozmun, LL. B.,
"   Francis D. Weeks, A. B.,
"p William H. White, Ph. C.,
'83 / Thomas J. Lynch, LL. B.,
'  Willis C. Marsh,
Edwin E. White, A. M.,
'84   William P. Cantwell, Jr.,
Elmer Dwiggins, B. I1.,
'   Frank A. Ross, Ph. B.,
'85   Theodore R. Chapin,
-  Mortimer E. Cooley,
' Frank K. Ferguson,
Fred W. Job, Ph. B.,; /t Charles F. Pettibone. MI. 1).,
"  Delos Thompson, B. I1.,
'86 7 Lewis S. Bigelow,
"  *Frank L. Ilgenfritz,
'87   *Charles L. Carter,
John D. Hibbard, B. S..
Charles R. White,
'88   Donnell Davenport,
George R. Mitchell, A. B.,
'89   Lewis W. Parker, B. L.,
" Everett C. Rockwood, Ph. B.,
Frank C. Smith, B. S.,
Charles P. Taylor, Ph. B.,
" Orlando B. Willcox, LL. B.,
'90   Lincoln MacMillan,
" Oliver C. Smith,
' m Edgar T. Stephenson, M. D.,
'I nm Charles C. Burnett,
Louis V. DeFoe, B. L.,
Theodore H. Hinchman, A. B.,
'   John A. Jameson, Jr., A. B.,
Herbert 0. Statler, M. D.,
Lucius E. Torrey,
"   John A. Van Ardsdale, A. B.,
'92   Fitzhugh Burns, A. B.,
Charles A. Howell, B. S.,
John R. Marfield,
" Nathan C. Paine,
Alfred D. Rathbone, Jr., A. B.,
"   Charles M. Willcox,
'93   Samuel D. Kinne, LL. B.,
Frank W. McKee,
Earle C. Peters, Ph. B.,
Edward D. Wickes, B. S.,
'94   James Blair, B. S.,
" Guy S. Crane,
Robert F. Hall, A. B.,
*"W. Sheridan Mason,
"   Roger Sherman, A. B.,
" Goldwin Starrett, B. S.,
'95   Ford A. Hinchman,
Jerome Ingersoll,
"   Lewis S. McCreary,
Charles C. Parker, LL. B.,
" Robert L. Wagner,
'96 / Sheldon C. Burr,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


229


'96  Melancthon W. Campau,      '98  Ralph H. Page,
"   Henry P. Hart,             '99  James J. Parker,
"   John H. Porter,             "   James B. Pell,
"   Royal G. Remick,            "   Duane H. Wager,
'   H. Mortimer Senter,        'oo  Alaton L. C. Atkinson,
'97  Alexander M. Campau,         '  Edgar L. Cooley,
William A. Starrett,         "   George von Nieda,
'98  William J. O'Brien,         "   Ralph L. Roys,
" J. DeForest Richards,        "  Lloyd M. Shepard,
Henry W. Standart,           "   William W. Talman,
99   Cuthbert C. Adams,         'oI  Frank R. Blair,
"   Alexander Boyd,              "  Leo J. Keena,
"   Walter C. Boynton,          "   Willing D. Kirk,
" Frederic V. Carpenter,       "  C. Richard Lockwood,
i   Henry T. Clark, Jr.,        "   M. Hubert O'Brien,
"  William M. McKee,           "  Edwin Porter.
The following members of Sigma Phi, initiated at other colleges, have studied law or medicine in the University:
'58 mn Horace M. Darling, M. D.,  '91 I Arthur M. Willcox,
"'  Edwin C. Luce, LL. B.,     '95 1 Frank Garrett, LL. B.,
'66 / George P. Bradstreet,
Zeta Psi, the seventh secret society to enter Michigan, was
founded in 1846 by John B. Yates Sommers, John M. Skillman,
and William H. Dayton, all of New York '49.    Following are the
colleges of the active and inactive branches: New
York University, 1846; Williams, I848-53, I88I;
Rutgers, 1848; Princeton, 1850-78; Pennsylvania,
1850-73, 1876; Colby, 1850; Brown, 1852-61,
1864-78, I887; Tufts, 1856; Lafayette, 1858; North
Carolina, 1852-68, 1885; Michigan, 1858; Rensselear Polytechnic, 1865; Bowdoin, i868; Virginia, BADGEF ZETA
PSI
1868-82,   1885;  Cornell, 1869; California; Toronto, 1879; Columbia, i880; McGill, 1883; Yale, 1888; Leland
Stanford, Jr., 1892. Zeta Psi owns buildings at Williams, Rutgers, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Cornell, Yale, Michigan,
and Leland Stanford, Jr.   The fraternity is Eastern in its sympathies.  White is the color of the fraternity.  There are about
4,500 members, among whom are William P. Pepper, the former Provost, and Charles C. Harrison, the present Provost of
the University of Pennsylvania. Ex-President Harrison E. Webster, of Union; Ex-President William T. Reid, of California;
Professors Albert H. Gallatin, Henry G. Piffard, and Alfred L.
Loomis, of New York University; Professors James M. Van Vleck,
of Wesleyan, W. L. Wells and E. C. Mitchell, of Pennsylvania;
Professors Truman H. Safford, James B. Greenough, Bennett H.
16




230


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Nash, and Henry B. Hill, of Harvard; Lucien A. Wait, of the
Cornell Faculty; Professor Henry Johnson, of Bowdoin; Alfred
Reed of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and Addison C. Niles
of that of California; Judges R. L. Larremore and G. MI. Van
Qaaa6<?         Hoesen of New York; ExA   oKrQCCXLVl,,i U. S. Senator P. V. Hitch>I       A\           /     cock; Representatives  in
^,      / \           A-     Congress Horatio Bisbee,
~_: —'   2:.           Nelson Dingley, G. T. Garrison, James T. Jones, J. E.
Leonard, C. E. Phelps, G.
D. Robinson, and C. A.
Sumner; Seldon Connor,
formerly Governor of Maine,
and James H. Budd, now
Governor of California;
Isaac Newton, Chief Engineer U. S. N.; Joseph Nimmo, Jr., Chief of the Bureau
of Statistics; A. D. Hazen,
formerly  Third  Assistant
Postmaster General; Robert
VIGNETTE OF ZETA PSI.     Garrett, Jr., late President
of the Baltimore & Ohio R. R.; Rodney Welch of the Chicago
Times; and the Rev. C. De V. Bridgman, of New York.
To Liberty Emery Holden who had been a member of Zeta
Psi at Waterville College (now Colby University) is due the origin
of the Michigan branch of this fraternity. Having entered as a
junior at Ann Arbor in the autumn of I856, he became acquainted
with James Franklin Spalding of the freshman class, and the two
laid plans for the establishment of a chapter. Holden began correspondence with the Waterville Zeta Psi, while Spalding interested
certain of his classmates and friends in the project. The negotiations with Zeta Psi were not at first successful, and the little band
which Spalding had gotten together decided that some organization
was necessary to keep their membership intact, and to form a nucleus for accessions to their numbers. Accordingly, in the spring
of I858 they met at the house of James F. Spalding, and organized
themselves into a local society, which they named Alpha Psi. A
ritual was prepared, and pins so made that they could easily be
changed into Zeta Psi badges were procured from New York jew



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


23I


ellers. When the necessary authority had been obtained Mr.
Holden initiated four other students, who, with himself, thus became the founders. On Commencement Day, June 23, I858, the
presence of Zeta Psi in Ann Arbor was announced by the appearance on the campus of fifteen members wearing the new badge.
The membership increased to twenty-seven in I859-60, but in the
following year differences of opinion led to the withdrawal of
twelve members, and the Civil War still further emptied the ranks,
so that only two members, seniors, were left in college in the
autumn of i86i. Fraternal zeal and activity overcame all obstacles, as they did in 1869-70 when the attendance was sadly reduced, and still later after Commencement in 1883, when only one
undergraduate remained. The chapter's name, originally Beta,
was changed to Xi in April, i86i.   From  1879 to 1883 the
Millen property on Washtenaw avenue was occupied as a chapter
house. Other houses were rented and occupied until, in the summer of i890 the society purchased for $6,ooo the Hunt property,
512 South State street, directly facing the southwest corner of the
campus. It is the intention to replace at an early date the present
frame structure with an imposing edifice of stone and brick.
Especially prominent among the Michigan alumni of Zeta Psi
are the following: Liberty E. Holden, '58, of the Cleveland
Plain D e aler; Lewis McLouth, '58, President of the South Dakota Agricultural College;
of Brooklyn, N. Y.; Henry
of Brooklyn, N. Y.; Henry     CHAPTER HOUSE OF ZETA PSI.
H. Swanm J, Judge of the
Federal District Court; William R. Bates,'66 United States Marshal
for Eastern Michigan; Cornelius A. Gower, '67, formerly Superinary to China; Isaac M. Weston, '67, recently mayor of Grand
ary to China; Isaac M. Weston, '67, recently mayor of Grand




232


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Rapids; William K. Anderson, '68, now Consul at Hanover;
Judge Aaron V. McAlvay, '68, now of our law department; Circuit
Judge Frank Emerick, '70, of Alpena; John Eisenmann, '71, the
Cleveland architect; Henry T. Thurber, '74, President Cleveland's
Private Secretary; Frank H. Culver, '75, of the Chicago Bar; Jerome C. Knowlton, '75, Professor in our Law Department; Ben T.
Cable, '76, Representative in Congress; Austin E. Wing, '77,
recently National Bank Examiner for Michigan; Henry G. Sherrard, '92, teacher in the Detroit High School; and Lawrence A.
McLouth, '87, Pomeroy Ladue, '90, and Frank W. Pine, '94, of
the Faculty of New York University. In athletic sports not a few
Zeta Psi men at Ann Arbor have been prominent. On the baseball nine have played W. R. Roberts, '77, DeForest Kendall, '82,
and A. D. Welton, '89. The football elevens of Michigan have been
strengthened by the following members: W. R. Roberts, '77; C. S.
Mitchell, '80, E. H. Barmore, '82, F. B. Wormwood, '83, F. L.
Smith, '90, and T. L. Chadbourn, Jr., '94.
A list of the members of the Xi of Zeta Psi follows:


'58 Horace Halbert, B. S.,
Liberty E. Holden, A. B.,
"  Henry A. Humphrey, A. B.,
"   Lewis McLouth, A. B.,
'5   William J. Beal, A. B.,
" *James M. Edmunds, A. B.,
"  John G. Everett, A. B.,
"   Fayette Hurd, A. B.,
"   Daniel Satterthwaite, A. B.,
" John P. Stoddard, A. B.,
'6o  Osgood E. Fuller, A. B.,
"    Henry B. Northrop,
"   Caleb Parkinson, A. B.,
James F. Spalding, A. B.,
'6r  *Amos W. Abbott,
"  William H. H. Beadle, A. B.,
" *Ephraim G. Hall, A. B.,
'62  *John H. Beadle, A. B. '67,
"   James M. Burlingame, LL. B.,
"   James E. Eastman, A. B.,
James E. Hawes, LL. B. '62,
"   Lewis S. Pilcher, A. B.,
" Henry H. Swan,
'63  David F. Fox,
"Z *John H. Keep,
"   *Henry W. Stevenson, LL. B. '69,
'64  *A. Frank Chaffee, A. B.,
Nathan P. Cochran,
"'m *George W. Dudley,
"   *Claude Hollywood,
"   *Augustus S. McAllister, LL. B.,
"   William B. Slemons,


'64  *John P. Swan,
"   *Lorison J. Taylor,
"   Homer L. Wright,
'65 n Jonathan L. Lambert,
"   George E. Smith,
'66 1 William R. Bates,
"   *Egbert Bogardus,
James E. Chambers,
"   Johnson N. High, LL. B.,
George W. Hunt,
"   Frank W. Merrick, LL. B.,
"    Benjamin F. Stage, LL. B.,
"   Robert L. Warren, LL. B.,
'67  *John 0. Andrews, B. S.,
"   Daniel G. Cash, LL. B.,
"   J. Monroe Darnell, B. S.,
"   Cornelius A. Gower, A. B.,
" in Isaac W. Heysinger,
"   Francis A. Ioffman, Jr., LL. B.,
" Louis P. Judson, C. E.,
"Thomas Parker, Jr.,
" *John G. Pearce,
"   *Leander W. Pilcher,
"   Isaac M. Weston,
'68   *Arthur A. Abbott,
"Charles H. Alien,
" William K. Anderson, A B.,
"Noah W. Gray,
"   Willard A. Kingsley, B. S.,
" Aaron V. McAlvay,
" David R. Murray,
"Rollin J. Reeves, C. E.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


233


68   Richard B. Robinson,         '80  John M. Brewer, A. B.,
"   William A. Underwood,          "   Sam H. DuShane, LL. B. '8I,
69 1 *Russell H. Bishop, LL. B.,   "   John A. Green, Jr., A. B.,
" John G. Brooks,                "   William W. Lowrey,
*Julian M. Case,                    Charles S. Mitchell, Ph. B.,
"   Gordon N. Chipman,           'Sr   Charles T. Brace, A. B.,
Henry G. Hull,                  "   Robert P. Clarke,
" Joel S. Kelsey,                "   William S. Davis, LL. B.,
"  ohn B. Moore,                 "   Frank A. Foster,
"   *Harry D. Standart,                Charles H. Hutchins,
'70  *Sherman S. Avery,             " 7 Addison Morgan, M. D.,
Frank Emerick,                 "Z William H. Scudder, Jr., LL. B.,
"   William G. Howard,            'S2  Frank E. Baker, A. B.,
"   Marshall L. Howell, I L. B.,   "   Edmond H. Barmore,
"   Clark Olds, B. S.,             "   DeForest Kendall,
Lloyd Selby,"                       *Wallace Massie,
"   *Charles M. Underwood,         "   Thornton W. Sargent, A. B.,
"   Frank H. Van Cleve,            "   Henry G. Sherrard, A. B.,
'71  Elroy McK Avery, Ph. B.,       i   *Robert D. Stephens, M. D. '83,
"   *Emir J. Coon,               '83   James W. Harsha,
" m Joseph H. Cowell, M., D.,      "   Leavitt K. Merrill, A. B.,
"   John Eisenmann, C. E.,             Ralph Metcalf, A. B.,
"   Roy R. Hathaway,               "   Arthur T. Packard, A. B.,
"    Morton W. Latson, A. B.,      "   John T. Winship, A. B.,
"  *Edward C. Smith,             "   Frank F. Wormwood,
" Clarence H. Walker,           '84  Harry F. Forbes, B. S.,
'74  *Charles T. Burton, LL. B. '72,  "  *Ralph Kuechler,
" John E. Ensign, B. S.,         "   Edward C. Pitkin,
"   *William L. Otis,            '85   Seward L. Merriam,
" I *Arthur McD. Ransom,          '86  Henry S. Tibbits, A. B.,
John S. Richardson, B. S.,   '87   Thomas J. Ballinger, Ph. B.,
Henry T. Thurber, A. B.,        " z Miles H. Clark, M. D.,
'75  Frank H. Culver, Ph. B.,       "   Frank D. Jenks,
"   H. Clark Ford, B. S.,          "   Lawrence A. McLouth, A. B.,
"   *Harry II. Francis, LL. B.,    "   John E. Mills,
"   *L. Wells Keller,              "   Myron W. Mills, B. L.,
Jerome C. Knowlton, A. B.,    '88   Wait Talcott,
" I William S. Mears,              "   George J. Waggoner, M. D.,
'76  Ben T. Cable, B. S.,         '89   Willis J. Beckley, Ph. B.,
"   *Burton B. Campbell, B. S.,    "   Frank W. Hawks, Ph. B.,
"   Frank W. Chase, LL. B.,        "   *William P. Morgan,
" Louis H. Evans,                "   Arthur D. Welton,
"   Lester H. Strawn, C. E.,       "I( Melvin L. Wines, M. D.,
'77  Charles A. Bosworth, A. B.,  '9o   David B. Hempstead, A. B.,
" R. Byron Cardwell,             "   Pomeroy Ladue, B. S.,
" Willis R. Roberts, Ph. B.,     '   Harry R. Seager, Ph. B.,
"   Austin E. Wing,                "   Frederic L. Smith, Ph. B.,
'78  *John H. Black,                "   Ashley J. Vantine,
" Charles M. Daugherty, A. B.,  '9i  Follett W. Bull,
"   Harry Dewar,                   "   Rufus C. Thayer, Ph. B.,
";  Frederic G. Ingersoll, LL. B.,  "  Thaddeus H. Walker, M. D.,
" p Lucius W. Moody, Ph. C.,,92   Henry E. Candler, B. S.,
"   Stuart D. Walling, A. B.,      "   George G. Prentis, B. L.,
"   George H. Wyman, Jr.,          "   Harry C. Reiner,
'79  W. Burton Alderson,            "   Frederic L. Sherwin, Ph. B.,
"   *William LivingstonAxford, Ph.B.,'93  Paul M. Day, Ph. B.,
"p *Robert F. Mull, Ph. C.,        "   Henry H. Denham, B. S.,
"   Richard T. Robinson,           "   Walter A. Forbes,
'80 I William Lamond Axford, LL. B., "p Carlyle E. Latta,




234


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'93 William S. Miller, B. S.,
"   Hiram Powers, LL. B.,
"Charles W. Stratton, Ph. B.,
'94 Thomas L. Chadbourne, Jr.,
"   Clarence N. Church,
"   Marion T. Hyatt,
Walter L. Maas,
"   Frank W. Pine, A. B.,
"   George T. Tremble, Ph. B.,
'95  Josiah W. Begole, Jr.,
"   Lewis H. Bridgman,
"George V. D. Candler,
Rex R. Case, LL. B. '94,
"Clark C. Hyatt,
Benjamin F. McLouth, B. S.,
"   Captain Frank Merrill,
" William T. Phillips,
"John A. Stevens,
'96 James H. Bement, Ph. R.,
"   Allan Greeley,
"Herbert W. Landon,
Harry S. McAlvay,
" Lloyd C. Whitman, A. B.,
'97   Edwin J. Bement, Ph. B.,
Marquis B. Eaton,
"   Arthur E. Maas,
"   Alexander F. Maitland,
" m Harry A. Newkirk,
"p Walter Scotten,
Benjamin R. B. Townsend,
"   Sidney B. Tremble, B. L.,


97   Raymond C. Turck,
Arthur B. Turner,
" Roland D. Whitman, A. B.,
'98   Don A. Baxter,
"   Albert J. Bradner,
"   Lewis W. McCandless,
Schuyler S. Olds, Jr.,
" Paul M. Pilcher,
"   George C. Stone,
" /Dwight J. Turner,
99    Edgar N. Church,
"   William A. Comstock,
William A. Gilchrist,
"   Robert Grinnell,
"   Robert W. Norrington,
"   Walter R. Seavey,
'oo   Bret Nottingham,
" Walter S. Penfield,
"   Thomas L. Robinson,
"   Harry M. Sedgwick,
'or   Clarence W. Aird,
"   Frank H. Bement,
"   Lewis Buckingham,
"   Matthew Davison, Jr.,
"   Eugene Field, Jr.,
"   Harry H. Hughson,
David W. Mills,
"   John L. Pierce,
Eugene W. Scott,
' William M. Swan,
"   Harold E. Zook.


The following Zetes, students in our professional schools, are
not enrolled in the Xi Chapter:
'77 m Albion A. Andrews, M. D.,  '84 I Preston W. Charles, LL. B.,
'82 p Henry A. Fairbank,        " h Charles Hawley.
'83 / Howard Hovey,
Psi Upsilon owes its origin to seven undergraduates of Union
College by whom it was founded on the 24th of November, I833.
Four of the founders are still living.  The society
is chiefly indebted for the rapidity and success of
its early extension to the Hon. William E. Robinson, Yale, '4I, recently deceased.  This is peculiarly an Eastern order; it has steadfastly refused
to start branches in the South, and has selected
from the Western institutions those only which are
most closely associated with the colleges of New
BADGE OF PSI  England and New York.    The names, colleges,
UPSILON.   and birth-dates of the twenty-two chapters are as
follow:  Theta, Union, 1833; Delta, New York, I837; Beta, Yale,
1839; Sigma, Brown, 1840; Gamma, Amherst, 1841; Zeta, Dartmouth, 1842; Lambda, Columbia, 1842; Kappa, Bowdoin, 1843; Psi,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


235


Hamilton, 1843; Xi, Wesleyan, I843; Alpha, Harvard, I850-57,
I870-72; Upsilon, Rochester, 1858; Iota, Kenyon, i860; Phi, Michigan, I864; Omega, Chicago, 1869-86, I897; Pi, Syracuse, 1875;
Chi, Cornell, 1876; Beta Beta, Trinity, I880; Eta, Lehigh, 1884;
Tau, Pennsylvania, 1891; Mu, Minnesota, 1891; and Rho, Wisconsin, 1896. All of the branches are in active operation except the
Alpha at Harvard, which was discontinued because of the predominance of local clubs, and which the society has declined to revive.
Garnet and gold are the fraternity colors. Buildings are owned
by all of the twenty-one active chapters excepting those at New
York, Dartmouth, Columbia, Bowdoin, Chicago, and Minnesota.
Fully four-fifths of the members reside in the Northern States from 
Maine to Minnesota, the alumni                        L 
representation in each of the chief
cities of that region being very
large.  Among those who were
members of Psi Upsilon during their
college lives elsewhere than at Michigan the following may be named:
the late Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States; William
C. Whitney, formerly secretary of
the Navy; the late Amos T. Akerman,   Attorney-General  of the
ARMS OF PSI UPSILON.
United States; Frederick W. Seward, sometime Assistant-Secretary of State; Samuel G. Arnold,
Charles H. Bell, Orris S. Ferry, William  P. Frye, Joseph R.
Hawley, Anthony Higgins, James W. Patterson, and    George
P. Wetmore, all United States Senators; Galusha A. Grow,
formerly Speaker of the National House of Representatives;
the late Benjamin F. Prescott, Governor of New Hampshire;
Daniel H. Chamberlain,    Ex-Governor of South    Carolina;
Andrew D. White, Ambassador to the German Empire; the
late William  W. Phelps, Minister to Austria; the late Eugene
Schuyler, Minister to Greece; Walbridge A. Field, Charles B.
Andrews, Charles Doe, Thomas Durfee, and Franklin J. Dickman, Chief Justices respectively of the Supreme Courts of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Ohio;
the Federal Circuit Judges Hugh L. Bond, LeBaron B. Colt,
Walter H. Sanborn, and Willam H. Taft; Chauncey M. Depew,




236


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


recently President of the New York Central Railroad; Alexander
Agassiz, President of the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company; the
late Joseph W. Harper, the head of the firm of Harper Brothers;
the Protestant Episcopal Bishops, Chauncey B. Brewster of Connecticut, J. H. H. Brown of Fond du Lac, Thomas F. Davies of
Michigan, Abiel Leonard of Utah, A. N. Littlejohn of Long Island,
I. L. Nicholson of Wisconsin, William S. Perry of Iowa, George F.
Seymour of Springfield, J. F. Spalding of Colorado, Ethelbert
Talbot of Central Pennsylvania, E. S. Thomas of Kansas, O. W.
Whitaker of Pennsylvania, and G. Mott Williams of Marquette;
Willard F. Mallalieu, Bishop of the M. E. Church; Dr. Morgan
Dix, Rector of Trinity Church, New York; the Rev. Charles H.
Parkhurst, of New York; the authors, Edmund Clarence Stedman,
Charles Dudley Warner, William Allen Butler, James DeMille,
Horatio Alger, Jr., and Poultney Bigelow; the college presidents,
William J. Tucker of Dartmouth, Austin Scott of Rutgers, James
B. Angell of Michigan, George E. Reed of Dickinson, James
G. K. McClure of Lake Forest, Julian H. Seelye (formerly)
of Amherst, and Charles E. Aiken (formerly) of Union; James
0. Murray, Dean of Princeton University; William W. Goodwin,
Professor of Greek at Harvard; and Henry S. Carhart, Francis
W. Kelsey, George W. Patterson, Jr., and the late George S. Morris, of the Faculty of our University.
Phi, the Michigan branch of Psi
Upsilon, and the oldest but one of
21..i3 yythe five Western chapters of the fraternity, secured its charter in I864,
_;  A   after ten years had been spent in
persuading the society to place our
University upon its roll of colleges.
The fourteen charter-members comprised  the  entire  undergraduate
membership, one man excepted,
of a society which had been established in the University nine%   ^^i.^&JOQ     teen years before.  One member
of the new chapter was initiated
ARMS OF PHI OF PSI UPSILON.  December 9, I864, and the rest
of the undergraduate petitioners were admitted January 26, I865.
Associated with the students in the change of fraternal relations
were alumni of several classes prior to 1865. The chapter has had
a full delegation in every class since its origin, and has graduated




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


237


at least three men from the literary department at every Commencement. In 1875 a chosen body of alumni was incorporated under
the laws of the state, and in 1879-80 the chapter house at the corner of State Street and South University Avenue was built upon
ground which had been purchased in the summer of 1878. In the
latter part of 1892 the building was reconstructed and greatly
enlarged. Among the 378 members of the local chapter are the
following: 0. M. Barnes, '50, of Lansing; the late Professor
James C. Watson, '57; Charles Kendall Adams, '6I, President of
the University of Wisconsin; Jonas H. McGowan, '6i, sometime
Regent and also Representative in Congress; Martin L. D'Ooge,
'62, Professor of Greek in the University; Circuit Judge Orville
W. Coolidge, '63; Dr. Henry M. Hurd, '63, Superintendent of the
Johns Hopkins University Hospital; Schuyler Grant, '64, of Detroit; William H. Barnes, '65, formerly of the Supreme Court of
Arizona; Henry W. Hubbard, '66, Treasurer of the American
Missionary Association; Albert M. Henry, '67, of Detroit; George
L. Maris, '67, Principal of the George School, Newton, Pa.; Professor Williard B. Rising, '67, of the University of California;
Francis A. Blackburn, '68, Associate Professor of English in the
University of Chicago; Oliver H. Dean, '68, of the Kansas City
bar; Mark W. Harrington, '68, recently President of the University of Washington; H. H. C. Miller, '68, of the Chicago Bar;
Edward L. Walter, '68, Professor of the Romance Languages in
our University; Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., '74, of Cincinnati, recently Solicitor-General of the United States; Charles H. Aldrich,
'75, of Chicago, formerly Solicitor-General; Dr. W. D. Miller,
the well known dental surgeon of Berlin; the late S. V. R. Trowbridge, '76, Attorney-General of Michigan; Frederick L. Bliss,
'77, Principal of the Detroit High School; Charles M. Gayley,
'78, Professor of the English language and Literature in the University of California; George W. Knight, '78, Professor of History
in the Ohio State University; Edward M. Brown, '80, Professor
of the English Language and Literature in the University of Cincinnati; Benjamin L. D'Ooge, '8I, Professor in the State Normal
School; Dr. John J. Abel, '83, Professor in John Hopkins University; Louis M. Dennis, '85, Associate Professor of Chemistry in
Cornell University; and Dean C. Worcester, '89, Assistant Professor of Zoology in our University. Upon the University baseball
nine the Phi of Psi Upsilon has had these representatives: E. W.
Gale, '68, J. A. Blackburn, '70, J. A. Mercer, '7I, A. G. Tyng,




238


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'73, W. R. Clark, '74, J. S. Ayres, '77, \\. M. Thompson, '80, E.
L. Webster, '80, F. W. Davenport, '82, A. H. Brown, Jr., '83, A.
1 E. Miller, '83,C  C. Smith, '86,
E. C. Best, '88, F. W. Mehlhop, '88,
C. T. Miller, '88, W. B. Carpenter,
'89, P. R. Gray, '90, E. R. Lewis,
I 9, -       T  Scott, '9, Frank Craw>  -  i,  [  ]  ford, 93 W, T. D. McKenzie, '96,
Ail;-/'?t' 1and H. S. McGee, 'oo. To the Unir         't$113   versity football elevens this society
has furnished C. H. Johnston, '8I,
l R. T. Farrand, 'go, E. W. MacPherran, '9g, J. T. Scott, '9i, E. L.
Sanderson, '92, James Vaninwagen,
Jr., '92, s. C. Glidden, '93, and E.
P. dePont, '94.  The tennis championships at Ann Arbor have been
CHAP fER HOUSE OF PSI UPSILON. awarded to the following members:
L. M. Dennis, '85, Charles McClellan, '85, T. H. Gale, '88, C.
T. Miller, '88, H. P. Dodge, '93, L. H. Paddock, '93 1, H. E.
Chickering, '94, H. rW. Suydam, '94, W. D. McKenzie, '96, L.
MI. Harvey, '98, W. D. Herrick, '98, and C. VW. Seabury, '98.


'50
'57
'6I
'62
'63
'64
(4
'65
'66
'67
4 4
68
'68 P


Orlando M. Barnes, A. B.,
*James C. Watson, A. B.,
Charles K. Adams, A. B.,
Edwin Hadley, LL. B.,
Jonas H. McGowan, B. S.,
Martin L. D'Ooge, A. B.,
Orville W. Coolidge, A. B.,
Henry M. Hurd, A. B.,
*Arthur Everett, A. B.,
Schuyler Grant, A. B.,
*George C. Palmer, M. D.,
Bluford Wilson,
Abram J. Aldrich, A. B.,
William H. Barnes, A. B.,
James D. H. Cornelius, A. B.,
*John B. Root, A. B.,
John L. Turrel, LL. B.,
Henry W. Hubbard, B. S.,
Alfred E. Mudge, A. B.,
*William B. Sager,
*Henry H. Wines, M. D.,
Albert McK. Henry, B. S.,
Milton Jackson, B. S.,
George L. Maris, A. B.,
Willard B. Rising, M. E.,
George N. Bissell,


'65  Francis A. Blackburn, A. B.,
*Adoniram D. Carter, A. B.,
* Thomas Cresswell, LL. B.,
Oliver H. Dean, A. B.,
"   Edmund W. Gale, A. B.,
"   SMark W. Harrington, A. B.,
Humphrey H. C. Miller, A. B.,
Galusha Pennell, A. B.,
"   Lorenzo B. Potts, A. B.,
Edward L. Walter, A. B.,
*')  *Byron A. Crane,
William J. Darby, A. B.,
Charles H. Hamilton, M. E.,
John E. Hinman, A. B.,
"   Edward A. Horton,
J. Eugene Jackson,
'  Marmaduke B. Kellogg, A. B.,
"   Theodore F. Kerr, A. B.,
"   Luther L. Mills,
'70  Arthur C. Adams, A. B.,
Henry H. Barlow, A. B.,
"Julius A. Blackbnrn, A. B.,
Franklin Bradley, A. B.,
"   Thomas C. Christy, A. B.,
"  Varnum B. Cochran,
*Otis E. Haven, A. B.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


239


70   *Frank H. Howe, A. B.,
"   Arthur R. Simmons,
" *William Stagg,
"   Lucius B. Swift, Ph. B.,
"   Wallace W. Williams,
7I   Edward M. Adams, A. B.,
"   Charles E. Gorton, Ph. B.,
" Henry C. Granger, A. B.,
"   Earl Knight, A. B.,
Joseph A. Mercer, A. B.,
" Charles A. Rust, B. S.,
John W. Sleeper, A. B.,
"   Eugene J. Weeks, Ph. C.,
'72  Charles G. Bennett, A. B.,
"   Francis I). Bennett,
"   Archer Brown, A. B.,
'    George E. Cochran, A. B.,
' Louis M. Iddings, Ph. B.,
'   *Herbert H. Lyons, A. B.,
'   John J. Mapel, A. B.,
' Homer Reed, A. B.,
William T. Underwood, A. B.,
73   Henry A. Adams,
Sidney C. Eastman, A. B.,
* James W. Ferry,
"   James R. Goffe, Ph. B.,
*Robert S. Gross, A. B.,
"   Albert P. Jacobs, A. B.,
George S. Johnson,
' Loyal E. Knappen, A. B.,
George Rust, B. S.,
Zar D. Scott, B. S.,
Alexander G. Tyng, Jr.,
'   Monroe Wheeler
"   Josiah W. Willis, C. E.,
"   Kimball Young, A. B.,
74    Isaac Adams, A. B.,
Alpheus W. Clark, A. B.,
George R. Gibson,
Frank C. Hayman, A. B.,
Theodore H. Johnston, A. B.,
'   Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., B. S.,
Charles A. Warren, Ph. B.,
75   Charles H. Aldrich, A. B.,
James M. Barrett, Ph. B.,
*George A. Briggs, Ph. B.,
William R. Clark, A. B.,
"   Charles H. Jacobs, A. B.,
"   Charles S. McDonald,
Willoughby D. Miller, A. B.,
Jonathan W. Parker, A. B.,
William H. Potter, C. E.,
' Jacob C. Price, M. D.,
Henry J. Robeson, A. B.,
"   John J. Rust,
Wesley E. Sisson,
*Elliott H. Smith,
S. Whedon Smith, A. B.,
'76   George S. Baker, A. B.,


'76  Frederick K. Gustin, A. B.,
" Myron H. Phelps,
Charles W. H. Potter, A. B.,
' Edward H. Ranney, A. B.,
*Stephen Van R. Trowbridge,
'77  *Joseph S. Ayres, A. B.,
Frederick L. Bliss, A. B.,
Granville W. Browning, B. S.,
William H. Lightner, A. B.,
Howell C. Moore, A. B.,
William A. Satterlee, Ph. B.,
'   William T. Smalley,
"   Ernest F. Smith, Ph. B.,
'    T*Vernor J. Tefft. A. B
'78  Charles M. Gayley, A. B.,
*Edward K. Hubbard, A. B.,
"   George W. Knight, A. B.,
Frank V. Luse.
"   William A. Otis,
"   James H. Raymond, Jr., A. B.,
Douglass H. Stringham, A. B.,
Theodore J. Wrampelmeier, A. B.,
79   Oren Dunham, Ph. B.,
"   John 0. Henshaw,
Horatio T. Morley, M. E.,
'   Henry C. Post,
'   Spencer R. Smith, A. B.,
'8o  Orlando F. Barnes, A. B.,
Edward M. Brown, Ph. B.,
"   Charles W. Hitchcock, A. M.,
P. Burr Loomis, Jr., A. B.,
Charles E. Paddock
Augustus V. R. Pond, LL. B.,
Edwin S. Sherrill, A. B.,
"   Herbert W. Smith,
Edward L. Webster
"   Charles C. Whitacre, Ph. B.,
'8   *Charles Belmont,
Francis R. Day,
"   Benjamin L. D'Ooge, A. B.,
"   George H. Fletcher, A. B.,
"   Thomas H. Hulbert,
"   Collins H. Johnston, A. B.,
Charles M. Lightner,
Frank E. Roff,
"   William M. Thompson, A. B.,
'82  *George L. Chubb,
Charles L. Coffin, B. S.,
"*Frank W. Davenport, B. L.,
"   Albert B. Hale, A. B.,
" James B. Herrick, A. B.,
"   Louis H. Hyde, Ph. B.,
"   William J. Miller, Ph. B.,
"   Harrison Musgrave,
"   Rollo B. Oglesbee, LL. B.,
"   Harold Wilson, B. S.,
'83  John J. Abel, Ph. B.,
Edward A. Barnes, A. B.,
' Addison M. Brown, A. B.,




240


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'83  Austin H. Brown, Jr.,
"   Clarence A. Lightner, A. B.,
"   Edwin F. Mack, A. B.,
'   Albert E. Miller, A. B.,
"   John Morris, Jr., A. B.,
"   Samuel B. Schoyer, A. B.,
'   Edgar H. Scott, M. S.,
"   Edwin N. Smith, A. B.,
Charles H. Worden,
'84  Bestor G. Brown,
Clarence Conely,
John E. Cornell, A. B.,
"Leslie B. Hanchett, Ph. B.,
Arthur A. Hinckley,
Julian H. Tyler, A. B 
"   Louis B. Weaver,
'85  William E. Brownlee, A. B.,
"   Louis M. Dennis, Ph. B.,
Robert F. Eldredge, B. S.,
Louis Gascoigne, A. B.,
Charles McClellan, A. B.,
Horace S. Oakley, LL. B.,
Bowen W. Schumacher, A. B.,
"William P. Tyler,
'86  Herbert E. Boynton, A. B.,
Charles E. Bruce, B. S.,
'   Robert N. Dickman, A. B.,
Joseph Ganahl, Jr., A. B.,
Edward F. Harris,
Josiah McRoberts, Ph. B.,
Edward H. Mason,
William M. Odell, Ph. B.,
Russell M. Seeds,
Clifford C. Smith, B. S.,
"   Clyde Smith, A. B.,
*Frederick B. Wixson, A. B.,
'87   Ephraim D. Adams, A. B.,
James E. Ball, A. B.,
Oliver H. Brush,
James E. Milville, Ph. C.,
'   Jerome B. Thomas, Jr., A. B.,
"   Wallace W. Wemott,
'88  William G. Adams,
"   Frank S. Arnett,
Edgar C. Best,
John N. Blair, A. B.,
Thomas H. Gale, B. L.,
Frederick W. Mehlhop, Ph. C.,
" Charles T. Miller, Ph. B.,
Willard Pope, B. S.,
Ralph M. Shankland, B. S.,
'89   Eugene N. Best, A. B.,
Horace V. Birdsell, B. L.,
John Greenshields, A. B.,
William W. Harris, Ph. B.,
George P. Hyde, Ph. B.,
"   Elisha W. Kelly,
"   Oscar F. Schmid, Ph. B.,
Horace V. Winchell, B. S.,


'89  Dean C. Worcester, A. B.,
"   Harry B. Wyeth,
'9o  Charles T. Alexander, B. L.,
'   Frank S. Bourns, B. S.,
"   William B. Carpenter,
Royal T. Farrand, M. D.,
'Paul R. Gray, A. B.,
William W. Lovett,
Edgar W. MacPherran. A. B.,
"   William K. Maxwell, A. B.,
*William B. Ramsay, A. B.,
Leon J. Richardson, A. B.,
"   John B. Warner,
'9z  Frank R. Ashley, B. S..
"Samuel S. Bradley,
Leon H. Cooper,
Daniel L. Dorsey, A. B..
Carl K. Friedman,
Harry J. Hatch, B. S.,
" David L. Hyde,
Edward R. Lewis, B. L.,
"*Willard L. Maris, B. S.,
"   Samuel C. Park,
*John T. Scott,
Edward J. Woodworth, A. B.,
'92  Robert T. Holland, Ph. B.,
William B. Larrabee, B. S.,
Ralph S. MacPherran, B. S.,
Wilhelm Miller, A. B.,
"   William R. Murray, Ph. B.,
"   Stephen H. Payne,
'   William C. Quarles, Ph. B.,
' Edmond L. Sanderson, A. B.,
William C. Smith,
"   James Vanlnwagen, Jr.,
'Norman S. Waite,
William E. Walter, A. B.,
'   Philip B. Watrous,
'93  Earl D. Babst, Ph. B.,
Cameron C. Burns, A. B.,
Holbrook G. Cleaveland, A. B.,
"   Frederick W. Davies,
' Henry P. Dodge,
Stephen C. Glidden, M. D.,
Leon M. Groesbeck, B. S.,
'   John S. Hurd, A. B.,
Frank W. Lightner, Ph. B.,
*Albert L. Murray,
"   Cyrenius A. Newcomb, Jr., B. S.,
"   Ferdinand W. Peck, Jr.,
Richard F. Rust,
"   Gale Thompson,
Arthur Vanlnwagen,
94   George H. Angell,
"   Howard E. Chickering, B. S.,
Rudolph F. Flintermann, A. B.
Harry C. James,
Timothy D. Jerome,
" Robert E. Jones, A. B.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


241


'94 Edward P. dePont,
"   Herman H. Sharpless,
Horace W. Suydam,
'Edgar L. Watrous, B. L.,
95 George E. Ball,
Wallace W. Chickering, B. S.,
Henry S. Crane, A. B.,
Charles C. MacPherran,
"   James K. Morgan,
' William H. Morley, Ph. B.,
Harry T. Nightingale, Ph. B.,
'   Franklin B. Spear, Jr., Ph. B.,
Philip B. Spear, Ph. B.,
" William A. Spitzley, A. B.,
Edward C. Weeks, Ph. B.,
Robert M. Weidemann,
'96  Kirkland B. Alexander, Ph. B.,
Henry E. Bodman, Ph. B.
Burnham S. Colburn, B. S.,
'   Frederick W. B. Coleman, A. B.,
William F. Ford,
L   Gaylord W. Gillis, B. L.,
Edward M. Holland, A. B.,
"   William D. McKenzie, A. B.,
John S. Pratt,
Joseph H. Quarles, Ph. B.,
Walter Robbins, B. S.
" Adrian D. Stevenson, B. S.,
"Duane R. Stuart, A. B.,
'97  Stephen C. Babcock, B. S.,
" Harry W. Cummings,
James H. Flinn, B. L.,
"   Edwin H. Humphrey, B. L.,
John B. Keating, B. S.,
Frank A. Ketcham,
Otis H. Maclay,
*Frederick C. Meisel,
William W. Newcomb, B. S.,
Ross A. Spence,
Frederick R. Waldron,
'98  Standish Backus,
Edward B. Caulkins,
"   George W. Cottrell,
'   Robert S. Cummings,
William H. Emery,


'98  Greenleaf W. Gale,
Leroy M. Harvey,
Henry T. Heald,
Walter D. Herrick,
Stuart E. Knappen,
Allen Loomis
m t *William L. McCauley,
Nathan S. Potter, Jr.,
Charles W. Seabury,
" Richard C. Underwood,
'99 William G. Chesebrough,
William L. Cooper,
George E. Fay,
i" Clarence W. Mehlhop,
" Paul Oliver,
Edward L. Quarles,
Walter R. Weeks,
Matthew B. Whittlesey,
'oo  Ralph C. Apted,
Frank Baumgardner,
William Callan,
" Rufus W. Clark, Jr.,
Frederick S. Colburn
Thomas G. Denby,
M. Howard Foss,
Harry S. McGee,
Morris W. Montgomery,
Roger S. Morris,
Arthur W. Norton,
Sidney J. Steele,
Leigh M. Turner,
in W. Douglas Ward,
John J. Whittlesey,
'oI  Aikman Armstrong,
James G. Barada,
Roger C. Butterfield,
Fritz Goebel,
William Grayson, Jr.,
Gilbert S. Loomis,
Carl F. Mehlhop,
Carl F. Meyer,
Stanley D. Montgomery,
Arthur H. Richardson,
Amasa M. Rust,
Daniel F. Zimmerman.


Psi Upsilon has been represented in the University by the
following members who, although temporarily affiliated with the
Phi, are permanently enrolled with other chapters:


'68 1 Justus B. Crane, LL. B.,
" i Rees Davis,
"   Henry R. Pratt, M. D.,
"  William 0. Webster,
'69 1 Henry C. Noyes, LL. B.,
" I Lewis L. Wood, LL. B.,
'70 a Austin Scott, A. M.,
'72 1 Gustavus A. Florence,


'73 1 Arthur M. Phinney,
'74 1 Richard T. Colston, '74,
" a Eugene M. Robinson,
" i Baxter T. Smelzer,
'75 gI John M. Lee,
'77 1 William H. Fairchild, LL. B.,
'79 1 Alien H. Sexton,
" I John DeW. Veeder,




242


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'8o I Frank H. Shaffer, LL. B.,  '85 Z Charles E. Thomas,
" / Nathan S. Williams. LL. B..  '93 / Frank Crawford, LL. B.,
'82 1 Henry P. Field, LL. B.,   I Lewis H. Paddock, LL. B.,
" I Frederick H. Gile, LL. B.,  '94 / Arthur M. Lewald, LL. B.,
'83 m Henry E. Briggs,       '96 1 Charles R. Cary, LL. B.,
" I Willis E. Noxon, LL. B..  '97 / John P. Morse.
'84 / Frank Healy, LL. B..
Phi Delta Theta was founded December 26, 1848, by six
undergraduates of Miami University.   Eighty-six chapters, of
which twenty-three are extinct, have been instituted.  The society
is now represented at the following universities and colleges:
Miami, Indiana, Centre, Wabash, Wisconsin, Northwestern, Butler, Ohio....,~.'~      Wesleyan, Franklin, Michigan, Chij Ir t  cago, Ohio, Hanover, DePauw, Missouri, Knox, Iowa Wesleyan, Geor-?~" ' i gia, Emory, Mercer, Cornell, Lafay%4      >1~i,0  ette, California, Virginia, Nebraska,
'~:~    '.     Gettysburg, Washington and Jefferson,
"b^^... Vanderbilt, Mississippi,  Al a b a m a,
Lombard, Alabama Polytechnic,
BADGE OF PHI DELTA THETA.
Allegheny, Vermont, Dickinson,
Westminster, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Hillsdale, University
of the South, Ohio State, Texas, Pennsylvania, Union, Colby,
Columbia, Dartmouth, North Carolina, Central, Williams, Southwestern, Syracuse, Washington-Lee, Lehigh, Amherst, Brown,
Tulane, Washington (Mo.), Leland Stanford, Jr., Purdue, Illinois,
and the Case School.  Buildings are owned by the chapters at
Vanderbilt, University of the South, Amherst, Cornell, Lehigh,
Gettysburg, Lombard, and Wisconsin. About 9,600 men have
been admitted, among whom are the following: Ex-President Benjamin Harrison; Ex-Vice-President Adlai E. Stevenson; John W.
Foster, former Secretary of State; W. F. Vilas, former PostmasterGeneral and United States Senator; J. B. Allen and J. C. S.
Blackburn, United States Senators; J. A. Anderson, W. G. Brantley, L. J. Fenton, J. V. Graff, F. M. Griffith, J. M. Griggs, W.
H. Hamilton, W. M. Howard, J. W. Lewis, C. L. Moses, T. M.
Paschal, G. W. Prince, S. J. Pugh, J. C. Sherwin, and T. B.
Ward, Representatives in Congress; E. H. Conger, sometime
Minister to Brazil; J. S. Ewing, once Minister to Belgium; J. C.
Black, formerly Commissianer of Pensions; G. M. Lambertson,
Ex-Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; A. C. Melette, Ex-Governor of South Dakota; W. H. Ellerbe, Governor of South Caro



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES                243
lina; W. A. Woods, Federal Circuit Judge; J. F. Phillips, Federal
District Judge; B. K. Elliott, Ex-Chief Justice of Indiana; W. B.
Fleming, late of the Supreme Court of New Mexico; Norman
Buck of the Idaho Supreme Court; the College Presidents, J. V.
Logan of Central University, C. E. Nash of Lombard, J. P. Ashley of Albion, P. D. Pollock of Mercer, Alston Ellis of Colorado
State, W. T. Stott of Franklin, and J. T. McFarland of Iowa
Wesleyan; W. A. Keener, Dean of the Columbia Law School; L.
W. Ross, sometime Dean of the Law Department of the University of Iowa; the Rev. W. G. Craig, D. D., of McCormick Theological Seminary; the Rev. Dr. David Swing, deceased; the late
Eugene Field, poet and journalist; and the newspaper correspondents, H. V N. Boynton and Smith D. Fry. Blue and white are
the colors of the fraternity, and its flower is the white carnation.
On the 28th of November, I864, a charter was granted to
three students of our University; but the existence of the society
was not known outside until some months later, and the names of
the members were not listed in The Palladium until i866. In
the spring of 1869 the chapter became dormant, having initiated
only twelve men in the collegiate department, and only twenty-two
in all. An attempted revival in 1877 failed, and in i880 there was
a brief period of sub rosa activity, after
which Phi Delta Theta at Ann Arbor
was quiescent until November i, I887.
Since that time the chapter has lived
without interruption. Among its alumni
are Judge James L. Brown, 70 1; John 
M. Schaeberle, '76, of the Lick Ob- A
servatary; Clarence G. Taylor, '81,
Professor of Mechanical Practice in 
our University; William  F. Edwards,
'go, of the University of Washing-          A
ton; and Frank H. Dixon, '92, Assistant Professor of Political Economy
at Michigan.  Frank H. Decke, '93,
was a member of the University foot- VIGNETTE OF PHI DELTA THETA.
ball team of I892. The local chapter has had 121 members, whose
names follow:
'65 Elbert L. Blakeslee, M. D.,  '68 / William S. Harbert, LL. B.,
'66 m William J. Elstun,    '68  *John C. Magill, A. B.,
'  George C. Harris, A. B.,     Henry C. Snitcher,
'67 1 Arthur D. Basnett, LL. B.,  "  Riley C' Storey, A. B.,




244


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'69 1 Theophilus T. Fountain,
'70  James L. Brown,
"   John L. Culley, C. E.,
"   Ervy L. Goodrich,
*John W. Johnson,
Darius C. Pennington, B. S.,
"   Palmer W. Smith, LL. B.,
" i Jonas Stewart
Leonard E. Stocking, Ph. B.,
" i Charles M. Taylor,
'7I  Charles A. Cook, A. B.,
Pembroke R. Flitcraft, A. B.,
" *Baron H. Pennington, C. E.
72   Richard A. Moses
'76  John M. Schaeberle, C. E.,
'8i  Clarence G. Taylor,
'86  Erwin F. Smith, B. S.,
'86  John B. Mecham, LL. B.,
*Frank I. Muir, A. B.,
Henry F. Shier, Ph. B.,
'89  Alien L. Colton, Ph. B.,
"i Willis C. Moore,
Peter G. Sjiblom,
'90 m Edwin S. Antisdale, M. D.
William F. Edwards, B. S.,
"i George F. Keiper, M. D.,
Henry A. Sanders, A.B.,
William H. Stillhamer,
*Oswald D. Vandersluis, A. B.,
Robert H. Wolcott, B. L.,
'9I  Theodore L. Chadbourne, B. S.,
' Erwin E. Ewell
Orville R. Hardy, B. S.,
"   William L. Honnold,
John T. Hoyt, B. S.,
" John P. Keyes,
'92  Gaylord H. Chilcote,
Frank H. Dixon, Ph. B.,
"   Arthur Frantzen, B. S.,
Alexander B. Hardy,
*George D. Mena,
George F. Mulliken. A. B.,
Adna C. Newell, B. S.,
'   Arch S. Ralph,
*George D. Sones, B. S.,
93   Frank H. Decke, B. L.,
Benjamin F. Hall, Jr., B. L.,
Alfred W. Hookway, B. S.,
Howard M. Raymond, B. S.,
'94  John D. Dunham, A. B.,
William L. Dunn, B. S.,
James C. Hallock,
'   Farley D. McLouth,
Harry B. Mulliken,
"   John D. Neal
'   John A. Whitworth, A. B.,
'95  Charles W. Foster, B. L.,


95   Richard K. Hoyt,
Allan H. Kessler,
Walter G. McCullough, B. L.,
James H. Mallory, Jr., A. B.,
William J. Melchers, B. S.,
96   Fred E. Bradfield,
'   Gail H. Chapman,
Richard D. Ewing, B. S.,
George K. McMullen, B. S.,
Edward K. Preston,
Leander W. Steketee.
Hadley H. Walch. A. B.,
Frank S. Whitman, B. S.,
*Allan W. Wolcott,
Samuel L. Wolcott,
97   Frank C. Chesten,
Edgar Crilley,
Frank T. Faxon,
Talbot H. France,
Elmer B. Lane,
'   Stanley M. Matthews, B. L.,
"   Armand R. Miller, B. S.,
Henry M. Smith, A. B.,
Silvio H. von Ruck,
' Irving C. Woodward, B. S.,
'9S  Oscar W. Gorenflo,
Roy M. Hardy,
George B. Lowrie,
Ralph F. Palmer,
"Thomas Le Pollock,
'Charles M. Preston,
Clarence W. Raynor,
Howard P. Treadway,
Ralph E. Waterman,
Clinton H. Woodruff,
99   Joseph M. Barr,
George N. Blatt,
Fred R. Hoover
' Reginald D. Steele,
Russell B. Thayer,
oo   Arthur J. Bleazby,
William C. Brooks,
Cornelins K. Chapin,
"   Walter S. Foster,
John W. Judson,
'   John M. Paine,
David D. Starr,
Arlo R. Williams,
'I   Howell L. Begle,
Ned C. Begle,
Benjamin E. Dolphin,
Floyd B. Hull,
Frederick L. Lowrie.
Pierre B. Pendill,
Arthur M. Potter,
Philip G. Young.




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


245


In addition to the roll of the Michigan Alpha Chapter Phi
Delta Theta has had a long line of students at Ann Arbor. Doubtless the following list is not complete:


'66 z Charles K. Ladd, LL. B.,
'67 / Wickliff A. Cotton,
" I Thomas Speed,
'68 / John B. Allen,
' m David B. Floyd,
' 1 Theodore H. Ristine,
'70 / G. M. Overstreet, LL. B.,
'71 / Robert L. Lyons,
'72 / John B. Elam, LL. B.,
' I Elam Fisher, LL. B.,
i' n Samuel E. Mahan
I" Pliny W. Smith,
' z Samuel C. Stimson, LL. B.,
'73  Gilbert E. Bailey,
" I A. Dwight Baldwin, LL. B.,
'74 m James M. Logan,
" / Burnett M. Short, LL. B.,
'75 Z James T. McClellan,
" I Albert M. Mackerly, LL. B.,
'76 7 Holly R. Buckingham,
i" Warren M. Ristine,
'78 I Wilber F. Rudy, LL. B.,
Charles C. Brown, C. E.,
'79 in Edwin L. Fosdick, M. D.,
"   *Edwin S. Palmer, LL. B.,
'So / Frederick H. Austin,
" mi Mason W. Gray, M. D.,
"I Samuel W. Haynes, LL. B.,
" 7  George W. Wilson,
"   Oliver R. Wood, LL. B.,
'8S / Charles R. Pence,
'82 / Frank J. Annis,
"   Ira W. Christian, LL. B.,


'82 m Albert B. Simonson,
"   Guilford L. Spencer, M. S.,
'83 l Isaac Pearson, LL. B.,
'84 7 William H. Bristol, LL. B.,
" m Daniel A. Capwell,
"   J. A. Follenwider, LL. B.,
"   Elmer 0. Minnigh,
'85 m William O. McLean,
'86  Charles H. Perry,
'87 P Charles Baker, Ph. C.,
" zn Edward S. Blair, M. D.,
" m John E. Brown,
"  Albert B. Martin,
"h Edward H. Pond, M. D.,
"n Clement J. Olmstead,
'88 in Louis Becker,
"   John R. Calder,
" i Charles E. Stout,
"p Wilford C. Stryker,
'89  Henry C. Montgomery,
"   Samuel L. Thompson, LL. B.,
'90 I Anthony Bowen,
"   Joseph N. Tillett, LL. B.,
'91  Howard B. Beecher,
"   James L. Mitchell, Jr.,
" h Frank S. Tuthill,
'92 >il Frank B. Miner,
'93 7 Charles E. Sturtz,
'96 / John C. Munger,
'97 d Carey E. Jones,
"   John F. Wehrle,
'99 in John E. Burnett.


Kappa Phi Lambda.-This fraternity was founded in i860 -61 at Jefferson College.  It had eleven branches, nearly all of
them in Western colleges, and the last of them died in
1874. The Alpha of Michigan was instituted at Michigan in the autumn of I865, by J. J. Belville, Jefferson
'62, and George W. Andrews, another member of the
order.  An excellent society was built up at Ann
Arbor, but when the college year I868-69 opened only
BADGE OF  six men were on the ground, and the chapter disKAPPA PHI banded, October 3. Five members joined Psi UpsiLAMBDA.  ion, and one entered Alpha Delta Phi.  Nearly all the
members are well-known men. The roll is as follows:
'65 7 George W. Andrews, LL. B.,  '67  Henry A. Wise,
" 7 Jacob J. Belville, LL. B.,  '68  Wickliffe W. Belville, A. B.,
'67  Allen M. Hurty,           "   Oliver H. Dean, A. B.,
17




246


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'69  Edward S. Jenison, C. E.,  '70  Zuinglius K. McCormack,
"  Henry S. Jewett, A. B.,       B. T. K. Preston,
Homer Reed, A. B.,        '71  John J. Mapel,
James D. Smith,            "   John C. MacPherson
'70  Henry H. Barlow, A. B.,   "  Samuel G. Milner, A. B. '72,
Charles F. Burton, A. B..  "  Charles A. Rust, B. S. '72,
Delos A. Chappel,          "   Eugene J. Weeks,
Henry W. Lake,
Delta Tau Delta was founded in December, I859, by seven
students of Bethany College. The early extension of the society
into Pennsylvania and Ohio was soon followed by
establishments in the colleges of Indiana, Illinois,
Michigan, and Iowa.  In later years chapters have
been organized in Southern and Northern states.
Following is the list of the colleges now occupied by this society:  Washington and Jefferson,
BADGE OF DELTA Ohio, Allegheny, Ohio Wesleyan, Hillsdale, IndTAU DELTA.
iana, DePauw, Illinois, Wabash, Stevens Institute, Lehigh, Michigan, Indianapolis (Butler), Albion, Rennselaer Polytechnic, Iowa, Kenyon, Georgia, Emery, Western
Reserve, Minnesota, University of the South, Colorado, Mississippi, Vanderbilt, Wisconsin, Tufts, Massachusetts Institute,
Tulane, Cornell, Northwestern, Leland Stanford, Jr., Nebraska,
Ohio State, Washington and Lee, Brown, Pennsylvania, and California.  Of the sixty-seven branches thirty-eight survive, twentyone of which are in the West, ten in the East, and seven in the
South. The fraternity colors are purple, gold, and white, and the
pansy is the fraternity flower.  About 5,700 men have been
enrolled. The society is remarkable for the large number of its
men living in the middle West; the four states of Ohio, Michigan,
Indiana, and Illinois being credited with nearly 2,000. Prominent among those who wore the badge of this order in their college days are Senator John N. Wilson, of Washington State; Richard Blue, William H. Butler, Eugene J. Hainer, Albert J. Hopkins, John A. McDowell, and James R. Mann, Representatives in
Congress; George W. Atkinson, Governor of West Virginia; Washington Gardner, Michigan's Secretary of State; William K. McAllister of the Supreme Court of Tennessee; Circuit Judge William
L. Carpenter of Detroit; Joseph W. Mauck, President of the University of South Dakota; Charles L. Ingersoll, late Chancellor of
the University of Nebraska; Dr. James N. Martin, Emory B.
Lease, Albert W. Dorr, and Warren W. Florer, now or formerly
of the Faculty of our University; Wilson M. Day, President of




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


247


Cleveland's Chamber of Commerce; the Rev. Dr. J. Reed Stuart,
of Detroit; Will M. Carleton, author and editor; and the late
Brigadier-General Louis S. Thompson of the Confederate Army.
To these should be added, from the Michigan
branch, Professor Rolla C. Carpenter, '75, of
Cornell University; Paul H. Hanus, '78, of the  I
Harvard Faculty; George Horton, '78, American Consul at Athens; 0. E. Angstman, '77 /, 
Frank E. Robson, '78 1, Byron S. Waite, '80,
Alvah G. Pitts, '85, and Frank A. Rasch, '87
I, of the Detroit Bar, and Circuit Judge Nor- STAR BADGE OF DLTA
man W. Haire, '80.   Delta Tau Delta has      TAU DELTA.
chapter houses at the University of the South and Leland Stanford, Jr., University.
As early as i866 members of this society entered the professional departments of the University, and began to lay plans for
the starting of a Michigan branch. In the college year I870-71
nine or ten sophomores and freshmen were preliminarily organized
into a chapter called the Xi; but other fraternities learned of the
movement, and by drafting four of the members caused the rest to
abandon the enterprise. In I874, however, George W. Smith, a
law student who had been a Delta Tau at Hillsdale College, succeeded in launching the Delta Chapter. Late in 1876 internal
dissensions-fostered  by unfriendly fraternities-led to a surrender of the charter; but the suspension did not last for long. As
in the original establishment, so also in the revival of the chapter,
an initiate from Hillsdale was the moving spirit; eight charter
members were secured from the ranks of the "Independents";
and a reorganization was effected February 20, I880. Admission
to the pages of The Palladium was not allowed until I883, but
in the meantime the new chapter published a neat four-page
account of itself with the names of its members. From 1891 to
t896 the well-known Winchell mansion in North University
Avenue was occupied by the chapter, and at one time the purchase
of the property was planned. The society has been represented
upon the University baseball nine by J. F. Gallaher, '82, C. F.
Lawson, '88, and F. D. McDonell, '88. Following is the roll of
the I55 members of the Delta Chapter, which includes forty-five
members initiated by other branches:




248


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'74 Wilbur F. Reed, A. B.,
'75 m Hiram W. Austin, M. D.,
Rolla C. Carpenter, C. E.,
Charles R. Hume,
"   Silas B. McManus,
'76  Anson P. DeWolf, A. B.,
"   *Lewis C. Donaldson, C. E.
"   John C. Floyd, B. S.,
" Joseph Ripley, C. E.,
"   Franklin D. Shaver, A.B.,
"   Alonzo J. Tullock, C. E.,
77 / Oscar E. Angstman,
*John S. Crombie, A. B.,
'78  *Franklin Garrison, A. B.,
"   Paul H. Hanus, B. S.,
"   George Horton, A. B.,
Horace G. Myers, B. S.,
Jay J. Reed, B. S.,
"   Albert W. Ryan, A. B.,
79   Chauncey F. Cook, A. B.,
" p Channing T. Gage, Ph. C,
"   Newton McMillan, A. B.,
"   Charles G. Van Wert, Ph. B.,
'80 I William W. Cook, A. B.,
Charles L. Dubuar, A. B.,
Goorge L. Fisher, C. E.,
Norman W. Haire, A. B.,
Byron S. Waite, B. L.,
'81  Henry J. Butler, A. B.,
"   *Thomas C. Tate, B. S.,
'82  Horace C. Alexander,
"   Frederick Betts, A. B.,
"   James F. Gallaher, A. B.,
"   Arthur M. Gelston, A. B.,
'83  Henry H. Bradley,
"m John J. Encke, MI. I).,
" Henry A. Fitzsimmons, A. B.,
"   Walter B. Garvin, A. B.,
"   Henry C. Gould,
"'m William C. Marsh, M. D.,
"I Edgar E. Moss, LL. B.,
" d Byron S. Palmer, D. D. S.,
"I Frank E. Robson, LL. B.,
"   Ferdinando A. Walker, A. B.,
"   John F. Wilkinson,
"   *Charles D. Willard, A. B.,
'84 Willis Baldwin, A. B.,
James L. Callard, B. S.,
"   Otto Landmann, Ph. B.,
" Adam H. Meeker,
" Samuel W. Norton, A. M.,
"m Wilson B. Paine,
"   Allen G. Paul,
"   Charles C. Walmsley,
'85  Frank W. Bishop,
"   Franklin M. Cook,
"   Robert B. Milroy,
"I Walter J. Milroy,
I   Alvah G. Pitts, A. B.,


'85  Frank A. Smith,
" Samuel A. Smith,
"   Williamson S. Summers, LL. B.,
Ezra J. Ware, Ph. C., '88,
'86/ John I. Breck, LL. B.,
"  Nathan E. Degan, A. B.,
"   James G. Hays, A. B.,
Edward E. Hughes,
"   George E. Hunt,
William A. McAndrew, A. B.,
"  William A. McDonald, LL. B.,
"   Edwin F. Saunders, Ph. B.,
" John C. Shaw, LL. B.,
"   Lewis A. Springer, LL. B. 'S5,
" I James B. Tedrow, I. D.,
'87 1 Albert i). Elliot, LL. B.,
" Frederick W. Guild,
" Guy L. Kiefer, A. B.,
" Charles C. Landon,
John A. McDonald,
William W. McNair,
Charles H. Prescott, Jr.,
" / Elvin Swarthout, LL. B.,
'88  Hannibal G. Coburn, LL. B. 'go,
" Charles H. Hatch, B. S.,
"   Charles F. Lawson,
" Armin 0. Leuschner, A. B.,
Frank I). McDonell,
Frank A. Rasch, LL. B.,
" Chester H. Rowell, Ph. B.,
John H. Shaper, M. D.,
" Frank C. Wintrode,
'89 d Charles C. Cherryholmes, i). D. S.,
Charles K. Eddy, Ph. B.,
"   Julius W. Hegeler, B. S.,
'9o I *Henry W. Baird, LL. B.,
V William R. Cook,
"   John R. Kempf, B. S.,
"  William S. McArthur,
'9I I Daniel R. Anthony, Jr., LL. B.,
*William J. Hinkson,
" Glenn Woolsey Holmes,
Alfred C. Lewerenz, A. B.,
"   Edward R. Loud,
"p Ernest J. Sanderson,
'92  William P. Borland, LL. B.,
"   Franklin W. Callam, LL. B.,
" m Charles D. Colby, M. D.,
"   James S. Downard,
"   Abram L. Free, LL. B.,
Samuel MI. Trevellick,
"   Charles G. Wicker, Jr.,
93   Arthur P. Beardsell,
"   Samuel F. Dibble,
George A. Mansfield,
"  Henry C. tI. Porter,
94 / Frederick W. Ashton, LL. B.,
"I Sewell L. Avery, LL. B.,
"   *George J. Bunday, LL. B.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


249


'94
t /
'95 /
I" /
'96


Claude R. Corbusier,
Herman J. Dowds,
Cyrus W. George, LL. B.,
Frederick M. Gund,
Benjamin F. Hall, Jr., B. L.,
Ralph W. Hartzell, LL. B.,
James L. McKibben,
Albert B Robbins,
Charles F. Vaughn,
Edward B. Baker, LL. B.,
Harry B. Cragin,
Harry A. Haze, M. D.,
Fredland H. Parsons,
Hervey M. Porter, LL B,
George R. Slater,
James M. Swift, A. B.,
Adolphus W. Wier, LL. B.,
John C. Igenmann,
George F. Greenleaf, Jr., B. S.,


'06 m Charles W. Hartloff,
"   Max Koehler,
"   Harry H. Wait, LL. B.,
'97  Gilbert V. Carpenter,
Rollind I. Gillmer,
l)ewitt C. Huntoon, B. L.,
" Ni Hugh M. J. Mulheron, M. D.,
"   Bernard A. Parsons,
'gS  Rudolph R. Best,
"d Lyman S. Brown,
"   William R. Carpenter,
'99  Mark B. Beattie,
Douglas B. Burnett,
( / William H. Caley,
"   George F. Firestone,
" 1i James W. MIcEwan,
"   I)ewey D. Rockwell,
'oo / Edmund J. Mautz.


Besides the members of Delta Chapter, the following, initiated
by Delta Tau Ielta at other colleges, have studied at Ann Arbor:


'68 / James P. Elliott, LL. B.,
" mi William H. Kirk, M. D.,
'69 p Robert G. Rex, Ph. C.,
'72 / Weller D. Bishop, LL. B.,
'73P James P. Boyd, Ph. C.,
"p John G. Brown, Ph. C.,
"   Walter M. Keenan, A. B.,
'74P Charles G. Duncan, Ph. C.,
'7 5/ George W. Smith,
'76 / John P. Finley,
" 1 Harry R. Lewis, LL. B.
"   Edward W. Porter, LL. B.,
'77 / Calvin C. Staley, LL. B.,
'78 in William W. Ballard,
"   William L. Carpenter, LL. B.,
" n Lowell M. Gates, M. D.,
"   H Ienry A. Haigh, LL. B.,
" h William Watts, M. D.,
'79 1 Cass E. Herrington, LL. B.,
'80o  Newberry J. Howe, LL. B.,
" ni Lovais F. Ingersoll, M. D.,
'8I I Samuel D. Brosius,
" / Albert Dodge, LL. B.,
"   Fremont C. Hamilton, LL. B,
"   James F. Winn, LL. B.,
'82 in Charles H. Baker, M. D.,
"/ Samuel W. Mangerum, M. D.,
" im William C. Marsh,
"   Martin Meeker, LL. B.,


'82 / Smith McF. Pence,
"   Henry S. Slaughter,.LL. B.,
/ Irvine Watson, LL. B.,
"   Charles R. Wheeler, LL. B.,
'63 / *George E. Breck,
" / Albert De Camp, LL. B.,
i n1 James N. Martin, M. D.,
" m Jay S. Mead, M. D.,
" I  Byron S. Palmer, D. D. S.,
" I *Elmer H. West,
'S5 I Ervin D. Brooks, M. D.,
'S7 in Grant S. Hicks, M. D.,
" / Lebbeus J. Knapp,
'89  Ernest R. Keith, LL. B.,
'90  Willliam C. McCollough, A. M.,
"   Edward C. Mason, LL. R.,
' / Lambert Sternberg, LL. B.,
'91  James A. Park, LL. B.,
" / Charles B. Warren,
'92  Gauin E. Swarthout, A. M.,
'94  Ned Abercrombie, LL. B.,
95   *Clarence H. Perry, B. S.,
'96 Walter T. Peirce, A. M.,
"/ Earl D. Reynolds, LL. B.,
" Charles H. Vaughan, B. S.,
'97  Clinton G. Stewart, A. B.,
'99 in Elihu A. Martindale,
"(  Frederick R. Miller,
" mi Thomas K. Moore.


Sigma Chi.-Founded at Miami University, December 24,
1855, by seven students, six of whom had been members of D. K.
E., Sigma has spread into seventy-two colleges, and it now
has fifty living chapters in the institutions following: Miami, Ohio
Wesleyan, Mississippi, Indiana, DePauw, Dickinson, Virginia,




250


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Gettysburg, Columbian, Bucknell, Washington and Lee, Butler,
Denison, Northwestern, Hanover, Roanoke, Hampden-Sidney,
Randolph-Macon, Purdue, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Centre, Illinois, Ohio State, Cincinnati, Beloit, Massachusetts Institute,
Nebraska,  Illinois  Wesleyan,  Wisconsin,  Texas,  Kansas,
Tulane, Albion, California, Lehigh, Minnesota, North Carolina, Southern California, Cornell, Pennsylvania State, Vanderbilt, Leland Stanford, Jr., Hobart, Kentucky, Dartmouth, West
Virginia, Columbia, Missouri, and Chicago. Buildings are owned
at Hanover, Albion, Northwestern, Gettysburg, Hobart, and Cornell. Blue and gold are the society's colors, and the white rose is
the fraternity flower. There are about- 6,000 members, among
the more prominent of whom are Presidents Harris of Bucknell
University and White of Purdue University;
William F. Elliott, of the Indiana Supreme Court;
Ex-Governor J. T. Hamilton, of Illinois, Lieutenant-Governor T. A. Hanna, of Indiana; G. W.
Cooper, J. M. Jordan, J. H. O'Neall, Lafe Pence,
W. G. Stahlnecker, and E. C. Venable, Representatives in Congress; the Rev. Wallace RadBADGE OF SIGMA  cliffe, of Washington, D. C.; General Benjamin
CHI.
P. Runkle, of Cincinnati; and Fred M. Taylor,
Junior Professor of Political Economy at Michigan.
A chapter of Sigma Chi called Psi was instituted at Michigan
in 1874, with T. D. Cone, '76, and others as charter members,
but it soon expired. Late in i877, under the leadership of Orville
S. Brumback, who had been a member at Wooster and Princeton,
a chapter of Sigma Chi was formed in our law school, the literary
department being thought to be fully supplied with fraternities.
Theta Theta, as the new branch was called, was instituted December 12, I877, with twelve law students as members. After an
existence of nearly seventeen years the chapter was closed by the
fraternity at large, which had not looked with favor upon a branch
confined to prospective lawyers. In the winter of i896-97 Theta
Theta was revived as a regular academic fraternity.'- Among the
prominent members of this charge of Sigma Chi are the following:
Orville S. Brumback, '79 /, of the Toledo Bar; D. S. McClure,
'80 /, Probate Judge; George D. Meiklejohn, '80, sometime Representative in Congress and now Assistant Secretary of War; and
Orla B. Taylor,'87, of the Detroit Bar. Upon the University
baseball team Sigma Chi has been represented by H. B. Krogman




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


25I


and W. W. Pepple, both '94, and of the members of the football
team the society claims F. G. Higgins, '86 /, Fred Townsend, '88 /,
B. J. Boutwell, '90 /, J. R. Sutton, '9go, J. L. Morrison, '94 /, H.
L. Dyer; '95 /, and J. E. Egan, '99. The tennis player R. S.
Danforth, '98, is a member. While it was a law school society
the chapter admitted to honorary membership President Grover
Cleveland and the late Governor Alpheus Felch. Of the 226
regular members of the chapter 162 are law matriculates. The
entire roll follows:


'76
'78 z
(C /
'79 /
" /
Ct /
''7 
/( /
'  (  /
'' /
",
C I
" /
",
'80 /
" /, /
/C /," 
" 7
tE /
"1 
"( /
CC /
" /
" 7
" 7
" /
" 7
SC /
'82


Thomas D. Cone,
*Jeremiah W. Gladish, LL. B.,
Thomas C. Logan, LL. B.,
Eugene E. Prussing, LL. B.,
Henry E. Baker, LL. B.,
William L. Brackenridge, LL. B.,
Orville S. Brumback, LL. B.,
William J. Davis,
Thomas A. Dickson, LL. B.,
Jude E. Dunlap, LL. B.,
*John V. Eustace, Jr., LL. B.,
Henry C. Hanna, LL. B.,
Frank S. Hastings,
George Haywood, Jr', LL. B.,
Dana S. Lander, LL. B.,
Elbridge E. Lewis, LL. B.,
William B. McGrorty, LL. B.,
George M. Orr,
Winslow S. Pierce, LL. B.,
Samuel M. Brenneman, LL. B.,
Walter G. Cleveland,
Kirke H. Field, LL. B.,
*Frederick J. Haines,
Clarence A. Kenyon, LL. B.,
James P. Logan, LL. B.,
Isaac T. McCarty, LL. B.,
D. Stuart McClure, LL. B.,
Matthew M. MacMillan, LL. B.,
George D. Meiklejohn, LL. B.,
Bion De V. Meredith,
Mortimer C. Miller, LL. B.,
George F. Peabody, LL. B.,
Henry A. Smith, LL. B.,
Lynn T. Sprague, LL. B.,
James H. Atterbury, LL. B.,
Benjamin F. Berry,
Frederick H. Borradaile, LL. B.,
A. F. Allen Brown, LL. B.,
William F. Elliot, LL. B.,
George P. Graver, LL. B.,
Florence C. Miller,
James S. Negley, Jr.,
William C. Smith, LL. B.,
Willet B. Stickney, LL. B.,
*Eugene L. Clark,


'52  James H. Clark,
Walter Clark,
"   Horace L. Combs,
" /Cyrus E. Davis, LL. B.,
/' Charles Hartzall,
" /Walter H. Hughes, LL. B.,
*'  Taylor D. Kelley,
'83 7 William B. Anderson, LL. B.,
"   Betrand D. Conklin,
"   Nathaniel P. Conrey, LL. B.,
"   Abner J. Easton,
"'  Edwin R. Elliot,
"   Charles D. Etnyre,
"7 Frank M. Gilmore, LL. B.,
"   Henry H. Hosmer, LL. B.,
"   Frank W. Hull, LL. B.,
" /Robert Matheny,
"I Horatio H. Nelson;
Theodore Royer, Jr., A. B.,
"   William H. Savidge, LL. B.,
"   George E. Shaw, LL. B.,
"I Russell E. Shepherd, LL. B.,
"   Frank G. Warden, LL. B.,
"   Newton Wyeth,
'84 1 Thomson Arnold,
"d Rowland W. Bailey, D. D. S.,
"7 Lemuel G. Dafoe,
"   Reuben W. Edwards,
"   Albert L. Eliel,
"   John P. Elkins, LL. B.,
" z Charles O. Munns,
"   Joseph K. Persons, LL. B.,
Edson M. Rowley, LL. B.,
"   Cassius A. Shafer,
"  J. Frederick Watts,
"   John H. Yoell, LL. B.;
'85 / Charles J. Bocher,
"'  John W. Bennett, LL. B.,
" /Elizur W. Goodrich,
"   Richard A. Haste,
"   George D. Tunnicliff, LL. B.,
"   Thomas Van Buskirk, LL. B.,
'86 1 George Z. Dimmitt, LL. B.,
"I Elmer E.-Halsey,
"l Francis G. Higgins, LL. B.,




252


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'86 / Willet E. McMillan,
" / William L. Mason, LL. B.,
"   Frederick B. Shepherd, LL. B.,
"   John E. Sullivan, LL. B.,
"   Thomas B. White, LL. B.,
'87 1l Walter S. Blaisdell,
" m Elmer E. Cary,
"   John B. Childe,
" ' Hamilton Douglas, LL. B.,
"   Joseph H. Ingwersen, LL. B.,
"I Charles W. Kuhne, IL. B.,
"   E. E. Ramsdell,
"/ Francis G. Shumway, LL. B.,
"   Lyman B. Sullivan, LL. B.,
" / Orla B. Taylor, LL. B.,
'88 l Charles Alling, Jr., LL. B.,
' / Clarendon B. Eyer, LL. B.,
"   Frank M. Mather, LL. B.,
" / George H. Murdoch, Jr..
" 7 Fred Townsend, LL. B.,
"   John E. Young,
'89 1 Abraham Benedict, LL. B.,
"   James N. Edmonson, LL. B.,
"I Louis W. Holladay,
"'  Samuel R. Ireland, LL. B.,
"   James A. Muir, LL. B.,
"   Frederick L. Prentiss, A. B.,
" 7 Crawford S. Reilly, LL. B.,
" I Morton E. Stevens, LL. B.,
" I Charles W. Vermilion, LL B.,
'go9  Benjamin J. Boutwell, LL. B.,
" / Leonard G. Cox,
" Dudley H. Doe,
"   Tolman T. Gelder,
" I Walter C. Parmenter, LL. B.,
"   George B. Shattuck, LL. B.,
"   James S. Shortle,
"   Edmund E. Sullivan, LL. B.,
"   John R. Sutton, LL. B.,
"   Percy A. Walling, LL. B.,
"   John F. Ziegler,
91 / Pliny W. Andrews,
"   Allan B. Bevans,
" James L. Bevans,
"   Asa H. Danforth, LL. B.,
"   Walter R. Dedrick, LL. B.,
"   Sam E. Low, LL. B.,
"   Charles W. Munger, LL. B.,
"   George L. Nye, LL. B.,
"(  Eli R. Sutton, LL. B.,
"   Henry D. Wood, LL. B.,
'92 7 James F. Burke, LL. B.,
"   Frank Combes, LL. B.,
"   George O. Crane, LL. B.,
"   Franklin H. Gale, LL. B.,
"   Frank L. Grant, LL. B,
"   Walter M. Harvey, LL. B.,
"   George J. Reiner, LL. B.,
"   Joseph Sears, Jr., LL. B.,


'92 / *Arthur E. Sweet,
"   Boynton H. Van Derwent,
" /Arthur Webster, LL. B.,
'93 7 Ross Beale,
" /Bernard F. Brough, LL. B.,
"   Ronoldo M. Cooper,
" /Herbert H. Cowen,
"   John H. James, LL. B.,
"   Ernest W. Marland, LL. B.,
"   George W. Nattinger,
" i Daniel A. Pelton,
"   Charles F. Roehrig, LL. B.,
"   Gideon M. Sipe, LL. B.,
'9 /Richard Apperson, LL. B.,
/ William H. Burtner, Jr., LL. B.,
"   Frank Crozier, LL. B.,
Luther B. Freeman, LL. B.,
" /Edwin C. Henning, LL. B.,
' /Lott R. Herrick, LL B.,
Warren W. Holliday, LL. B.,
" /Jerauld J. Ingle, LL. B.,
"   Isaac T. Jones,
Herbert B. Krogman, B. L.,
Dwight 0. Miller, B. L.,
"   James L. Morrison,
" /Charles D. Orear, LL. B.,
"   Worth W. Pepple, LL. B.,
" /Hugh C. Smith, LL. B.,
"   Lewis A. Stoneman, LL. B.,
'95 /Richard J. Barr, LL. B.,
" I Robert J. Bunyan,
"p Arthur F. Calerdine,
" /Ira R. Carter, LL. B.,
" /James A. Cotner, LL. B.,
"   Robert B. Crane, LL. B.,
"   Horace L. Dyer, LL. B.,
" /Maurice E. Fitzgerald, LL. B.,
" /Joseph W. Kimberlin, LL. B.,
"(  Charles O. Willits,
'96 min Norman L. Harris,
"    z Saxe W. Mowers, M. D.,
"   Wilber Townsend, D. D. S.,
"/ Henry J. Witbeck,
'97 Lewis B. Alger, Ph. B.,
"Louis W. Anderson,
" Il Albert M. Carr,
"Harold O. Comstock,
Carl H. Cooper,
" I James Long,
"   Albert H. Stoneman, A. B.,
'98 Robert S. Danforth,
J. Wistar Harris,
" Paul P. Ingham,
Carl S. Kennedy,
"   William L. Love,
"   Ard E. Richardson,
" Morey A. Wood,
"   Arthur R. Wren,
'99 Frank S. Bachelder,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


253


'99  Charles F. Delbridge,        'oo  Lloyd A. Wilson,
Charles A. LaFever,           'oI   Waldo B. Bach,
" Hugh Lane,                    "   Chester 0. Jordan,
" Arthur D. Stansell,           "   William W. Kittleman, Jr.,
" Clarence W. Whitney,          "   George W. Magly,
'oo  Ebbie G. Beuret,              "   Frederick C. Mellish,
George E. Granger,                Walter H. Mills,
Burton 0. Greening,            "   Howard Richardson,
" Le Roy Webster,               "   Jesse J. Ricks.
The following members of Sigma Chi, elsewhere initiated, and
not permanently affiliated with the local chapter, have attended the


University:
'62   Jonathan W. Newman, B. S.,
'64 / John H. O'Neall, LL. B.,
'71 / Luther Short, LL. B.,
'72 / Julius W. Youche, LL. B.,
'73 / Edson B. Bauder, LL. B.,
'77   Holland W. Baker, C. E.,
"   D. Darwin Hughes, LL. B.,
" / Charles B. Moores, LL. B.,
Elbert Sadler,
'8r I Jay J. Jennings, LL. B.,
" m Joseph A. Bennett,
'87 in Frank M. Kerry, M. D.,
'88   William W. Baylor, LL. B.,
Fred M. Taylor, Ph. D.,


'91 ll James 0. Ballard, M. D.,
'93  Frank H. Loomis,
'j8 / Jacob M. Blake,
"(  George Kingsley, Jr.,
" m Horace Newhart,
"   Solomon S. Lee,
i" Horace Newhart,
"   Matthias B. Pittman,
'99 imn Wilber H. Cooper,
"   Thomas R. Dean,
"   John E. Egan,
"   Harry A. Fenton,
" i James M. Hervey,
'oI h Edgar C. Dunning.


Delta Upsilon.-The germ of this fraternity was an antisecret society organized at Williams College in 1834, and which
united with similar societies in other colleges to form the "AntiSecret Confederation".  In 1858 the present monogram  badge was adopted; in I864 Delta Upsilon
was formally declared to be the name of the fraternity; and in i880 the society became simply "nonsecret."  Besides six  chapters which formerly
existed at Vermont, Wesleyan, Washington and Jefferson, Miami, Trinity, and the College of the City  BADGE OF
of New York, Delta Upsilon has 31 branches at      DELTA
UPSILON.
Williams, Union, Hamilton, Amherst, Adelbert, Colby, Rochester, Middlebury, Bowdoin, Rutgers, Brown, Colgate,
New York University, Cornell, Marietta, Syracuse, Michigan,
Northwestern, Harvard, Wisconsin, Lafayette, Columbia, Lehigh,
Tufts, DePauw, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Massachusetts Iustitute
of Technology, Swarthmore, Leland Stanford, Jr., and California. The chapters at Williams, Hamilton, Amherst, Rutgers,
Colgate, Cornell, Rochester, Syracuse, and Michigan, own buildings. Blue and gold are the colors. The membership is aobut
6,500oo. Particularly prominent among the alumni are the late




254


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


President James A. Garfield; Daniel S. Lamont, late Secretary of
War; former Attorney-General W. H. H. Miller; Ex-SolicitorGeneral Orlow W. Chapman; Charles G. Dawes, Comptroller of
the Currency; Bartlett Tripp, Ambassador to Austro-Hungary; J.
C. Caldwell, Ex-Minister to Uruguay; Representatives in Congress
W. G. Donnan, E. P. Loring, S. E. Payne, Jarvis Rockwell, J. S.
Smart, Horace B. Smith, C. W. Stone, and B. A. Willis; BrigadierGeneral Cyrus Hamlin; Ex-Governors Austin Blair of Michigan
and M. S. Stearns of Florida; Justice Stephen J. Field of the Federal Supreme Court; U. S. Circuit Judge L. S. B. Sawyer; Ex______________        Chief Justice R. P. Boies;g,                           1 of Oregon; E. G. Hamlin,
|/'                       '~. ~   ~i formerly of the Supreme
Court of Minnesota; the
i; -'x,0Wf&11t;         writers David A. Wells,
c  Rossiter Johnson, W. E.
Griffis, Homer   Greene,
and William Swinton; Presidents E. B. Andrews of
e~~~~%  ~   Brown, David S. Jordan of
Leland Stanford, Jr.,
Francis H. Snow of Kansas, J. E. Tuttle of Wabash,
CHAPTER HOUSE OF DELTA UPSILON.  R. C. Flagg of Ripn,
Jeremiah White of Lombard, George Washburn of Roberts College (Constantinople), and Daniel Bliss of the Syrian College at
Beirut; and the Rev. Drs. Arthur T. Pierson of London, Hiram
C. Haydn of Cleveland, and Nehemiah Boynton of Detroit.
The Michigan Chapter of Delta Upsilon was organized April
10, 1876, with four Sophomores and four Freshmen. In May,
1887, the society bought for $5,000 the house 522 Monroe street
which it now occupies. Among the members of the chapter are
Professor J. W. Jenks, '78, of Cornell University; W. A. Greeson,
'79, and George N. Carman, '8I, of the Lewis Institute, Chicago;
the late Professor Carl W. Belser, '82, of the University of Colorado; Jacob E. Reighard, '82, J. H. Drake, '85, and C. L. Meader, '9, of the Michigan Faculty; and Professors C. W. Dodge,
'86, of Rochester, F. C. Hicks, '86, of Missouri, and F. C. Clark,
'87, of Leland Stanford, jr. The late Professor Edward Olney,
of our University, was an honorary member. The society at Ann
Arbor has been represented upon the University baseball nine by




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


255


R. M. Dott, '84, and upon the football teams by D. N. De Tar,
'78, C. S. Henning, '79, E. E. Beach, '84, R. M. Dott, '84, H.
G. Prettyman, '85, G. C. Schemm, '85, R. W. Beach, '86, and J.
A. LeRoy, '96. Following is the roll of the I76 members of the
Michigan branch of Delta Upsilon:


'78  David N. DeTar, A. B.,
Watson D. Hinckley, Ph. B.,
Jeremiah W. Jenks, A. B.,
" William L. Jenks, A. B.,
" John B. Johnson, C. E.,
"   Ossian C. Simonds, C. E.,
'79  Charles S. Beadle, C. E.,
" Fred S. Bell, Ph. B.,
" James S. Bishop,
Isaac C. Goff,
William A. Greesor, A. B.,
"   LeRoy Halsey, A. B.,
"   Charles S. Henning, C. E.,
Edward W. Jenney, A. B.,
"   Jesse F. Millspaugh, A. B.,
"  *Wilmot S. Pennington,
"   *Lyman B. Sailor,
'80  *Harry S. Bangs,
Arthur W. Burnett, A. M.,
James T. Eaglesfield,
'   *Thomas C. Green, Ph. B.,
"  William K. Jones, A. B.,
Frank P. Secor,
'81  George N. Carman, A. B.,
" David Felmley, A. B.,
"   Frederick H. Goff, Ph. B.,
*Arthur G. Hall, A. M.,
"   Charles Hutchinson, Ph. B.,
William A. Locy, B. S.,
"   Charles E. St. John,
John G. Schurtz, A. M.,
" Asa D. Whipple, A. M.,
'82  Franklin C. Bailey, B. L.,
*Carl W. Belser, A. B.,
Clarence H. Childs, Ph. B.,
Jacob E. Reighard, Ph. B.,
'83   Howard Ayres,
Alfred M. Huycke,
"   Robert G. Morrow, Ph. B.,
Frank L. Osborne, A. M.,
"   Alden H. Potter,
" Carman N. Smith, Ph. B.,
James M. Thompson,
Job Tuthill, B. S.,
Samuel C. Tuthill, A. B.,
Willard D. VanTuyle,
'84   Elmer E. Beach, A. B.,
"   Henry D. Burnett, B. S.,
"   Eugene A. Byrnes, A. B.,
"   Emile C. Caleyron, A. B.,
" Charles W. Carman,


'84  Winthrop B. Chamberlain, A. B.,
"   William C. Clark, B. S.,
"   Richard M. Dott, LL. B.,
Avon S. Hall, A. B.,
Henry W. Hawley, Ph. B.,
Arthur W. Stalker, A. B.,
*Albert C. Stanard, B. L.,
'S5  Robert N. Burnett, A. B.,
Joseph H. Drake, A. B.,
Alexander F. Lange, A. M.,
"   Samuel L. Prentiss,
Horace G. Prettyman, A. B.,
"   Elias F. Schall,
" George C. Schemm, A. B.,
'86  Albert L. Arner, B. L.,
Raymond W. Beach, B S.,
"   Nathan D. Corbin, B. S.,
Charles W. Dodge, B. S.,
Frederick C. Hicks, A. B.,
" Chauncey A. Wheeler, A. B.,
'S7   Arthur L. Benedict, A. B.,
Clarence Byrnes, A. B.,
Fred C. Clark, B. S.,
"   Will F. Hathaway,
"   Joseph M. Kramer,
John C. Richter, Jr., LL. B. '86,
'88  Charles U. Champion, LL. B.,
Elmer E. Clark, LL. B.,
"   Oliver G. Frederick,
James MacNaughton,
"   Henry M. Morrow, LL. B.,
"   Clayton A. Read, B. L.,
"  William H. Turner, LL B.,
'89  Charles E. Decker,
Charles A. Green, Ph. B.,
Richard Khuen, B. S.,
"   Frederick H. Loveridge, B. S.,
" Clyde V. Nafe, A. B.,
" Ernest B. Perry, B. S.,
"   Will H. Sherzer, B. S.,
Philip R. Whitman, B. S.,
'90  *Joseph L. McAllister,
"   Irving G. McColl, B. L.,
"   Arthur McNeal, A. B.,
" Edmund S. C. May, B. S.,
"   Arthur D. Mott,
" Harry N. Quigley, A. B.,
George H. Snow, Ph. B.,
Charles A. Wheat, B. L,
'91  James H. Harris, A. B.,
"   Clarence L. Meader, A. B.,




-256


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'91  Charles W. Middlekauff,
Reuben R. Moore, A. B.,
"   William D. Plant, A. B.,
"   Gabriel C. Tuthill, B. S.,
"   Charles D. Warner,
"   Eugene C. Warriner, A. B.,
'92   Charles C. Benedict, A. B.,
Irving W. Durfee, LL. B. '94,
"   Herbert Fox, Ph. B.,
"   Fred H. Jerome,
"  Richard D. Merrill, B. L.,
" Carl D. Perry. A. B.,
Homer E. Safford, Ph. B.,
"   Paul H. Seymour, B. S.,
993  Truman P. Gaylord,
"   Samuel B. Grubbs, A. B.,
"   Harrison M. Randall, Ph. B.,
94   William C. Conant, B. S.,
Walter W. Drew, A. B.,
"   Nathaniel Holmes,
" Arthur L. Hubbard, A. B.,
'   Oscar Romel,
Carlton R. Rose, Ph. B.,
"   Lewis G. Seeley, A. B.,
'95  John A. Bendinger,
Albert E. Greene, Ph. B.,
"   Reynolds C. Mahaney,
" Edward G. Matter,
"   Frederic B. Richardson, B. L.,
" Cassius E. Wakefield, B. S.,
'96   Harry O. Burkert,
"   William A. Caldwell, Jr., B. S.,
" Raymond L. Coffin,
" John J. Crain,
"   Will E. DeWitt,
" John H. Dietz,
" Hobart B. Hoyt, A. B.,


'96  James A. LeRoy, A. B.,
Carl C. Parsons, A. B.,
Louis A. Pratt, A. B.,
"   Louis C. Walker, B. S.,
97   John R. Crouse, A. B.,
Chauncey W. Penoyer,
'98   George H. Allen,
' Clarence H. Brand,
"   Harold D. Corbusier,
Merritt M. Hawxhurst,
"   Frederick M. Loomis,
"   Frederick A. McVay.
William P. McVay,
"   Henry W. Nichols,
Archibald W. Smalley,
"   Charles C. Wallin,
Samuel H. Warriner,
99   Francis M. Bacon,
"   Laurence L. T. Driggs,
Arthur J. Farmer,
"    Donald Fuller,
"   Thomas S. Gray,
Arthur M. Hyde,
" Clifford G. Roe,
" James I. Sawyer,
"   Edward Schreiner,
Nelson W. Thompson,
"   Allen H. Zacharias,
'o)   Norman S. Atcheson,
"   Stephen P. Cobb,
"   Charles H. Reynolds,
"   Harrison S. Smalley,
'or   Emerson Davis,
Ernest E. Freeman.
"  Walter Gradle,
Edward W. Kiefer,
E. Sprague Pratt.


In addition to the foregoing these members of Delta Upsilon
have attended our University:


'68 m Thomas H. Stewart, M. D.,
'73 m Charles R. Dryer,
"1 I Jacob P. Winstead, LL. B.,
'74   Francis E. Arnold, A. B.,
'75 m Samuel G. Moore,
'76 m John W. Mack,
'81 I Charles E. McKinney,


'83 z William F. Denfield,
" m J. S. Van Vechten, M. D.,
'87 / Elmer E. Brooks, LL. B.,
'92 7 Fenton W. North, LL. B.,
'96 p Harold White,
'oo am Card H. Lund,
" m George K. Tinker.


Phi Kappa Psi.-Charles P. T. Moore, afterwards a member of the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia, and W. H.
Letterman, founded Phi Kappa Psi at Jefferson College, in February, 1852.  Fifty-seven institutions have had branches of the fraternity, which is to-day represented in thirty-nine colleges and
Universities, viz.: Washington and Jefferson, Virginia, Washington and Lee, Allegheny, Bucknell, Gettysburg, Hampden-Sydney,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


257 -

Mississippi, Dickinson, Franklin and Marshall, Ohio Wesleyan,
Northwestern, DePauw, Chicago, Wittenberg, Iowa, Columbian,
Cornell, Lafayette, Indiana, Wabash, Columbia, Wisconsin, Kansas, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, Ohio State, Beloit,
Syracuse, Minnesota, Colgate, Swarthmore, West
Virginia, Leland Stanford, Jr., Brooklyn Polytechnic, Nebraska, Amherst, and Dartmouth. Buildings
are owned at Gettysburg, Colgate, Cornell, Mich-  a
igan, Beloit, Minnesota, Syracuse, Kansas, and Amherst.  Lavender and pink are the fraternity colors. 
Laurel and ivy are the botanical preferences of the BADGE OF PHI
society. Of the 7,300 members the following are  KAPPA PSI.
perhaps the most prominent: Presidents Fisher of Hanover, McKnight of Gettysburg, and Ort of Wittenberg; Professors John W.
White of Harvard, James R. Weaver of DePauw, Edgar F. Smith
of Pennsylvania, and Amos E. Dolbear of Tufts; Joseph B. Foraker, United States Senator; F. E. Beltzhoover, H. H. Bingham,
W. T. Campbell, P. H. Dugro, G. W. Faris, C. S. Hartman, C. L.
Henry, G. A. Jenks, E. L. Martin, W. H. Perry, S. R. Peters, J. 
E. Watson, Boyd Winchester, and S. H. Yocum, Representatives
in Congress; E. P. C. Lewis, formerly Minister to Portugal; E. C.
Little, sometime Consul-General at Cairo; Judges C. P. T. Moore
of West Virginia, J. NV. Phillips of Tennessee, W. W. Smith of
Arkansas, and M. L. Buchwalter, of Cincinnati; Governor Lloyd
Lowndes of Maryland; Charles C. McCabe, Bishop of the M. E.
Church; the Rev. E. M. Stires, Rector of Grace Church, Chicago;.
Ex-Lieutenant-Governor D. B. Penn of Louisiana; and the Confederate Major-General James A. Walker of Virginia.
The Michigan Alpha of Phi Kappa Psi was instituted at Ann
Arbor in December, I876, by William Yost, Monmouth '76, then.
studying in our law school. Like him, the other charter members
were professional students; but representatives from the literary
department were secured subsequently, and the chapter now confines its initiations to that branch of the University. Thirteen
years ago the Millen property in Washtenaw Avenue was leased for
a chapter house, and in April, 1893, it was bought by the society.
Among the members at Ann Arbor are Judge J. W. McKinley, '79,
of Los Angeles; Arthur S. Parker, '79, recently a member of the
Detroit Board of Park Commissioners; Frank, B. Leland, '82, of
the Detroit Bar; Frank H. Hodder, '83, Professor of History at
Kansas; Lewis A. Rhoades, '84, Professor of German at Illinois:




258


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Professor J. V. Denney, '85, of Ohio State; Walter S. Holden, '89,
and G. Fred Rush, '89, of the Chicago Bar; J. R. Effinger, Jr.,
'91, Instructor in French
H. Prentiss, '96, Secretary
of the Alumni Association  of our University.
Among the chapter's promT  inent athletes have been. the baseball players W... C. Malley, '9go, G. W.
Denney, '9I, and C. B.
Smeltzer,  94, and   the
football men IW. C. MalCHAPTER HOUSE OF PHI KAPPA PSI.   ley, ', and J. W. F.
Bennett, '98.  The chapter has enrolled i6i men. Their names follow:


'77 / Francis G. Carpenter, LL. B.,
" / William T. Coad, LL. B.,
"   Clement M. Hammond, LL. B.,
" d Marion Holland, D. D. S.,
'78 / Robert B. Brown,
/ James W. Johnston, LL. B.,
" / *Syrus T. D. Phelps, LL. B.,
" i George W. Spencer, M. D.,
" / William Yost, LL. B.,
'79 / Almon F. Hanson, LL. B..
"   Samuel D. C. Hayes,
James W. McKinley, B. S.,
"i  Arthur S. Parker, Ph. C.,
'co  *Ralph A. Angell,
"     Frank D. Baker, M. D.,
"   Archie W. Banks,
"   John W. Dorst, C. E.,
"   Frank P. Satterlee, M. E.,
'8I  Claude R. Buchanan, A. B.
Festus C. Cole, Ph. B.,
"   Arthur B. Cook,
"  William S. Hill, A. B.,
"  lerbert M. Pelham, Ph. B.,
/ John R. Richards,
'S2  John C. Chynoweth,
"   Frederick G. Coldren, A. B.,
"   Walter F. Cooling, LL. B. '84,
Harris B. Dahl,
Frank B. Leland, A. B.,
"(p Frederick L. Wilson, Ph. C.,
'83  James C. Dunning,
Frank H. Hodder, Ph. M.,
" John H. Jennings, A. B.,
" Henry G. Ohls, Ph. B.,


'S3  Frank L. \ebster,
'4   George E. Mosher,
Lewis A. Rhoades, A. B.,
'85  Caleb D. Arner,
Edward M. Darrow,
Joseph V. Denney, A. B.,
Charles H. Harvey, A. B.,
E. L. Hollingsworth,
" Victor E. Loughridge,
" Samuel C. Parks, A. B.,
Everett T. Schuler,
"   James B. Sheean, A. B.,
'S6  Walter B. Bliss, A. B.,
Fred B. Hollenbeck, A. B.,
"   John N. James, A. B.,
" Edward L. Parmenter, Jr., B. L.,
Henry A. Reynolds, A. B.,
'   G. Byron Swisher, A. B.,
Frank T. Wright, A. B.,
'87  Joseph Halsted, B. S.,
Kendal W. Hess, B. S.,
"   Charles Hudson,
" Clarence J. Miner,
Robert E. Park, Ph. B.,
'8S   Clarence G. Campbell, Ph. B.,
" David C. Christopher,
"   Rossetter G. Cole, Ph. B.,
"  Walter J. Hamilton, Ph. B..
George F. James, A. M.,
Frank G. Plain, A. B.,
"   Ebenezer F. Walbridge, B. S.,
Edwin E. Washburn, Ph. B.,
'89   Henry T. Bannon, B. L.,
"   Walter S. Holden, A. B.,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


259


189
1go
192
C;
C 4
193
4 4
6 6
)94
1 (
4.
66
44
CC
96
4 4
66
44
'gj
795
6 4
66
196


Henry Hudson,
Frederick S. Loomis, A. B.,
Robert B. Preble, A. B.,
George F. Rush, A. B.,
Robert B. Wilcox,
Glenn M. Averill,
Grant M. Ford, A. B.,
William C. Malley, LL. B.,
William W. Stevens,
George W. Denney,
John R. Effinger, Jr., Ph. B.,
James B. Smalley,
Mortimer 0. Bigelow,
Ralph R. Bradley,
William H. Cole,
William M. Johnstone, B. S.,
Philip L. Marshall,
Eber C. Preble,
Wallace B. Rogers,
Frank C. Smith, A. B.,
Cyrus C. Warren,
Ira C. Belden, Ph. B.,
William J. Currer, B. S.,
Philip S. Gardiner, B. S.,
Valentine S. Ives, B. S.,
Joseph J. Morsman, B. S.,
Samuel C. Parks, Jr.,
John Van Nortwick,
Fred W. Colegrove,
Hiram G. Effinger,
Walter H. Kirk,
Edgar M. Morsman, Jr., Ph. B.,
Carlin Philips, Ph. B.,
Andrew J. Purdy, B. L.,
Charles P. Richardson,
Charles B. Smeltzer, Ph. B.,
William S. Smith, B. S.,
Fred HI. Staudt,
Ernest H. Warren, B. L.,
George A. McCollum,
Charles H. Morse, Jr., B. S.,
Charles H. Parkes,
Henry A. Rice,
Charles W. Sencenbaugh, B. L.,
Bertram S. Varian,
Carl B. Williams,
Lewis H. Burton,


'96   Arthur G. Cummer,
"   Waldo E. Cummer,
Charles F. Drake, Ph. C. '95,
"   Percy H. Evans,
"   William B. MacHarg,
"   James H. Prentiss, B. L.,
"   David Whiting,
"   Henry W. Williams,
97    Harry A. Cole, B. L.,
Robert L. Dean, B. L.,
"   Herbert R. Gates,
"   Fred S. Gerrish,
"   Dan G. Swannell,
"   John R. Tiernan,
"   Miles G. Varian,
'98   J. Walter F. Bennett,
"   James C. F. Bradley,
"   James C. Chase,
Bartlett C. Dickinson,
"   Harry N. Hosick,
"   Ward Hughes,
99    Clarence Baum,
"   Charles B. Hole,
"   Lemuel H. Hole, Jr.,
"   Eugene R. Lewis,
"   William L. Mack,
"   Thomas A. Neal,
" James T. Noble,
"   Hurlbut H. Pinney,
"   Charles B. Rider,
"   Russell M. Simmons,
'oo   George E. Baldwin,
"   John H. Bartelme,
"   George C. Davis,
"   Thomas W. Flournoy,
"   Grattan Foley,
"   Gordon Grey,
John D. Kilpatrick,
"   George R. Sims,
"   Joseph J. Walser,
"   William W. Wood,
'oI   Herbert Campbell,
"   Harry K. Crafts,
"   Fred Loomis,
"   Frank M. Morseman,
"   Frederick H. VanAllen.


The following members of Phi Kappa Psi, not permanently


enrolled in the local chapter,
Michigan:
'64 m James P. Hassler, M. D,
'67   Amos E. Dolbear, M. E.,
" I Nathan W. Fitzgerald,
"   Samuel R. Peters, LL. B.,
'69   Morris L. Buchwalter,
'70 Z Amos Wolfe, LL. B.,


have attended     the University     of
'7I / Edward Hutchinson,
'72 / John A. Pickler, LL. B.,
" I Festus Walters, LL. B.,
74 / Charles G. Canfield, LL. B.,
"   John G. Woolley,
'75 an John W. McMillen,




260


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'76 Z Samuel R. Bell,
"   Alfred G. Carpenter, LL. B.,
"   John A. Moninger, LL. B.,
" Jonathan C. Sheppard, C. E.,
'78 nt Samuel C. Buchan,
" / Joseph B. Connell, LL. B.,
'80o i James D. Hillis, M. D.,
'8I I Eddy M. Campbell, LL. B.,
" l *Frederick W. Lord, LL. B.,
'82 7 Harvey Musser, LL. B.,
"p George H. M. Palmer, Ph. C.,
" / William F. Reed, LL. B.,
" I Charles F. Teter, LL. B.,
"   Ralph E. Twitchell, LL. B.,
'83 / Albert T. Cooper,
"   Woodfin D. Robinson, LL. B.,
"   James B. Siggins, M. D.,
'84 mi Horace S. Davis,
" m William M. Edwards, M. D.,
"   Louis E. Tieste,
'85 1m William K. Cherryholmes,
'86 mn Frederick A. Swartwood, M. D.,
'87 I John A Fairchild, LL. B.,
'88 I Philip K. Buskerk,
" / Lewis C. Dennett, LL. B.,


'88 Z Perley F. Gosbey, LL. B.,
" / Leander T. Turner, LL. B.,
'89 p Warner P. Cary,
"   James S. McCreery,
"   De Witt C. R. Miller,
"   James C. Needham, LL. B.,
"   Henry Warrum,
"   Noble Warrum, Jr.,
'9o I Laurence V. Buskirk,
"   William C. Malley, LL. B.,
'  George Shriber,
'91 In George R. Curran,
"   Robert B. Preble,
'92 7 William H. Alexander,
" / William A. Beasly, LL. B.,
'93   Campbell M. Voorhees, LL. B.,
"   Edwin A. Wilcox, LL. B.,
'95 / Charles B. Henderson, LL. B.,
" I Edward M. McCullough,
'96 / Daniel M. Glasscock, LL. B.,
" / Harry Y. Saint, LL. B.,
'  Merrill C. Slutz,
'98 I Edward E. Hindman,
'99 I Henry L. Goodbread.


Phi Alpha.-This fraternity is said to have been founded at
the College of the City of New York in 1878, and to have had
chapters in Rochester and Toronto. The badge was changed once
or twice, but a monogram   was the accepted form.    A chapter
existed at the University from 1882 to 1885.  General A. L. Bresler '85, of Detroit, is one of the graduates.  The roll of members
which follows has been prepared from a list published in the Palladium   for 1883, on page II2:
'83 1 Oliver N. Downs, LL. B.,  '84d Louis R. Esau, D. D. S.,
"   Edgar H. Eckert, LL. B.,   "d Roy Nance,
"   Edward T. Noonan, LL. B.,  '85  Arthur L. Bresler, A. B.,
"I Eugene A. Roby, LL. B.,     "   Thomas J. Peach, B. S.,
"   Charles Sawyer,           '86  John M. Opsahl, LL. B.,
'841 Edward M. Bailey, LL. B.,  -   L. D. Taylor.
"   Charles E. Buroker, LL.. B.,
Chi Phi.-The Chi Phi fraternity is the result of the union
in I867 and I874, of three different societies, each of which was
named "Chi Phi," and the oldest of which was instituted at Princeton College in 1854, by John Maclean, Jr.  Of the 45 branches
accredited to Chi Phi, nineteen survive. These, in the order of
age, are situated in the colleges following, viz.: Virginia, Rutgers,
Hampden-Sidney, Franklin and Marshall, Georgia, Cornell, Emory, Wofford, Lehigh, Massachusetts Institute, Amherst, Lafayette, California, Sheffield (Yale) Scientific, Rennselaer Polytech



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


261


nic, Ohio State, Vanderbilt, Stevens Institute, and Texas. Buildings are owned by the society at Amherst, California, Cornell, Rutgers, and the Yale Scientific School. Scarlet and blue are the
colors of this order. Of the 3,800 members the
most distinguished are U. S. District Judge Emory Spear, the late Henry M. Grady of Georgia,
President George Winston of the University of
Texas, General Lucius H. Warren of Philadelphia, and the Rt. Rev. F. R. Graves, Missionary
Bishop of Shanghai. In 1882 a branch was instituted in the University of Michigan, the chart- BADGE OF CH PH.
er being entrusted to four students in the professional schools who
had been Chi Phi men elsewhere. The chapter lived two years,
never appeared in The Palladium, and had the following


members:
'83 m Benjamin D. Bond, M. D.,
'83 1 William A. Griffith, LL. B.,
" m Nathaniel P. Hunter,
" I Rawson T. Lovell, LL. B.,
" 1 Francis H. Register, LL. B.,
'84 m Charles A. Peterson,
"   Edward E. Rowe,
Chi Phi has also been
following members, initiates
'76 1 James L. Humphreys,
" I Theodore Winningham, LL.
'78  *Walter S. Abell, M. E.,
"4  Charles N. Lauman, LL. B.,
'79 m Edwin L. Fosdick, I. D.,
'8Sr Charles C. Black,
" I John D. White,


'84  Leon H. Wadsworth, LL. B,,
"h Washington Wilson,
'86  Jacob J. Bernhardt,
"   Frank M. Bingham,
"   Negley D. Cochran,
" Alpheus E. Doe, LL. B.,
"   Thomas A. Pool.
represented in our University by the
of other chapters:
'82  William G. Elliot,
B.,   "   John P. Knowles, Jr.,
'86 mi Frank W. Martin, M. D.,
'87 1 Frank P. Whiteley, LL. B.,
'88 mn Robert P. Gilbert,
'go90 W. P. Morgan.


Phi Gamma Delta.-This fraternity was founded in May,
1848, by six students at Jefferson College. It has entered seventyone different colleges, and is now represented in forty-five, viz.,
Washington and Jefferson, North Carolina, Marietta,
DePauw, Bethel, Gettysburg, Virginia, Allegheny, Hanover, College of the City of New York, Wabash, Columbia, Illinois Wesleyan, Roanoke, Knox, HampdenSidney, Washington-Lee, Ohio   Wesleyan, Kansas,
Wooster, Lafayette, Wittenberg, Denison, WilliamBADGE OF Jewell, Lehigh, Colgate, Pennsylvania State, Cornell,
PHI GAMMA Richmond, Minnesota, Tennessee, Johns-Hopkins, LeDELTA.  land Stanford, Jr., Worcester Polytechnic, New York,
Wisconsin, Trinity, Union, and Amherst. Buildings are owned
by the branches at Gettysburg and Pennsylvania State. Of the
18




262


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


members the following may be named: Presidents James C. Moffatt of Washington and Jefferson, C. H. Dabney of the University
of Tennessee, W. F. McDowell of the University of Denver, J. D.
Dreler of Roanoke College, Leslie Waggener of the University of
Texas, H. M. Brown of the University of Nevada, and John M.
Coulter, formerly of Lake Forest University, now Professor of
Botany in the University of Chicago; J. C. Ridpath and Maurice
Thompson, the authors; the Rt. Rev. W. E. McLaren, Bishop of
Illinois; the Presbyterian clergymen James Woodrow and J. H
Shedd; Cyrus L. Pershing of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; W. H. Goodlove, ExMinister to Belgium; U. S.
Oad  ~     Senators Z. B. Vance and
Charles '. Fairbanks; Representatives in Congress J. H.
Hopkins, Morton C. Hunter,
*! 1-A. G. Jenkins, W. W. McClelland, T. M. Patterson, H. Y.
ou M i  Facy     Riddle, and E. M. Wilson; and
Miciga  A sEx-Governor J. A. Copper of
Colorado.  Royal purple is the
X< Wp86fift JA8fraternity color, and the heliotrope is the fraternity flower.
ARMS OF PHI GAMMA DELTA.        Aphi Phi, the Michigan
branch of Phi Gamma Delta,
was installed December 8, 1885, by twelve students, five of whom
had been admitted at other colleges.  Internal dissensions led to
a return of the charter in the spring of I895.  Edwin A. Blakeslee, '9I, of the Michigan Senate, Dr. Aldred S. Warthin, '9i m, of
our Medical Faculty, and A. A. Pearson, '94, the founder of T he
Michigan Alumnus, are included in the roll of seventy-five
members, which reads thus:
'86  Jonathan Heaton, A. B.,  '88  David Decker, LL. B.,
" m Edward B. Patterson, M. D.,  "  Ellsworth T. Derr, A. B.,, Edwin D. Peifer, A. B.,     "   Preston M. Hickey, A. B.,
'87  Frank E. Beeman, A. B.,   "   *Charles B. Stevens,
( Charles E. Grove, A. B.,    "   Elmer G. Willyoung, B. S.,,c  Otto Negelspach, M. D.,  '89  Andrew M. Brown, B. S.,
c;  Alphonso G. Newcomer, A. B.,  "  Charles C. Chandler,
"1  James B. Owens, LL. B.,  "   Charles H. Dodge,
I Charles M. Stephens,       "   John M. Ormond, LL. B.,
'88  Henry H. Brown, A. B.,    "   Harmon B. St. Clair, B. L.,,, / Andrew R. Cunningham,    "   James Wilson,




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


263


'89  Samuel A. Wilson,            '93   Charles I. Stouffer,
"   James B. Wood, B. S.,         "   Condit Voorhees,
'9o  John S. Alexander, B. S.,     "   John P. Whiting,
"   Charles J. Greenstreet, B. S.  '94  William H. Charnley, Ph. B.,
Jacob L. Haner, A. B.,         '  Edward P. Childs,
"   Forest G. Sweet, Ph. B.,      "   Norman T. Harrington,
"   Milford Wade,                 "   Alvick A. Pearson, B. L.,
'91  Edwin A. Blakeslee,           "   Frederick L. Searing, A. B.,
Harry B. Carter,              '95 1 Walter R. Clayton, LL. B.,
"1 Harry F. Downing, LL. B.,      "   Harry De Y. Mills, B. S.,
"   Walter S. Drew,               "   Isaac Sheets,
" / George Hefferan, LL. B.,      "   Emmet P. Updergraff,
"   Robert B. Lederle,            "   Arthur J. Waldron,
"   Amos C. Maple, LL. B.,        "   Elba E. Watson, B. L.,
7' Janes S. Martin,              '96  Barlow C. Dickey,
"/ Enoch J. Price, LL. B.,        " I Charles A. Gridley, LL. B.,
"   William F. Ryburn,            "   Bertrand Lichtenberger, LL. B.,
"'  Aldred S. Warthin, M. D.,     "   Charles E. Skinner, B. L.,
'92  Thomas E. Barnum, B. S.,      "   Dandridge Spotswood,
" Edwin H. Cheney, B. S.,      '97  Edward W. Guitteau,
" Frederick P. Hoffman,         "   Charles D. Webster, B. S.,
"   Frederick P. T. Waterhouse,   "   Horatio E. West,
'93  William E. Cullen, Jr., A. B..  "  Fred H. Winter,
Stephen A. Douglas,           "   Wesley J. Wuerfel,
"/ Charles K. Friedman, LL. B.,  '98  George R. Harper,
" I Andrew M. Harvey,             "   William P. Kavanaugh.
"   Charles A. Pratt,
In addition to the official roll of the local chapter, Phi Gamma
Delta has been represented at Ann Arbor by the following:
'71 / John M. Howard, LL. B.,     '91 / Harold Taylor, LL. B.,
'78 / Morris C. Baum, LL. B.,     '93 / Alonzo J. Falknor, LL. B.,
"   Herman H. Osthaus, LL. B.,    "'  James B. Nelson, LL. B.,
/ Benjamin F. Smith, LL. B.,    '94 / Ernest L. Finley,
'79  Joseph F. McNaught,           "   Arthur J. Waldron,
'82  George 0. Curme, A. B.,      '96 1 Chester G. Browne,
'83 /I Morton C. Reeves, M. D.,    " 7 Arthur Miller, LL. B.
"   Frederick K. Smith,
Alpha Tau Omega was founded in the city of Richmond,
Virginia, September ii, 1865, by a recent graduate and two seniors of the Virginia Military Institute, where,
consequently, the mother chapter was placed.
*$ ^^ ~   Until i88I, the growth of the fraternity was
confined to the South, but since April of that
year charters have been granted to many colleges
in the North and West.    Of the seventy chapters
instituted by the society forty-three are in active
BADGE OF AlPHA   operation.   These are located at the following
TAU OMEGA.
colleges: Washington and Lee, Cumberland, Virginia, Trinity (N. C.), University of the South, Columbian, Georgia,
North Carolina, Alabama Polytechnic, Mercer, Pennsylvania, Emory, Muhlenburg, Adrian, Mount Union, St. Lawrence, Lehigh,




264


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Southwestern, Gettysburg, Wittenberg, Southern Alabama, Tulane,
Vermont, Ohio Wesleyan, Cornell, Hillsdale, Georgia School of
Technology, Wooster, Albion, Vanderbilt, Marietta, Maine, Leland
Stanford, Jr., Ohio State, Colby, Tufts, Rose Polytechnic, Southwestern Baptist, Brown, Austin, Illinois, and Texas. Twenty of the
living branches are in Southern colleges, eleven in Northern, and
twelve in the Western. There are about 4,400 members, prominent
among whom are the late Erskine M. Ross, Federal Circuit Judge; H.
H. Dinwiddie, late President of Texas A. and M. College; Professor
E. P. Lewis of the University of California; Professor F. M. Page
of the University of Pennsylvania; J. H. Acklen, H. H. Carlton,
R. P. W. Morris, Andrew Price, F. M. Simmons, Zachary Taylor,
and T. S. Wilkinson, Representatives in Congress; Clifton R.
Breckinridge, former Ambassador to Russia; the Rt. Rev. T. F.
Gailor, Assistant Bishop of Tennessee; the Rev. Otis A. Glazebrook of Elizabeth, N. J., and William Fitts, Ex-Attorney General
of Louisiana. Sky-blue and old-gold are the colors, and the white
tea-rose is the fraternity flower. A chapter named Beta-Lambda
was instituted in our University, December 8, i888, when several
law students were initiated as charter members. In I893-94 the
chapter ceased to exist, after having built up a roll of forty-nine


members, whose names follow:
'89 I Joseph L. Glover, LL. B.,
"1 ( Charles M. Hammond, LL. B.,
"   Frederick A. Sabin, LL. B.,
"   LaVergne B. Stevens, LL. B.,
"   Oscar R. Zipf, LL. B.,
'go I John B. Chaddock, LL. B.,
George M. Hosack,
"   Rodolphus W. Joslyn, LL. B.,
"   Wesley L. Mutton,
" m John D. Riker, M. D.,
( z Curtis C. Williams, IM. D.,
"'  Henry iM'. Woolman, M. D.,
'91 d Joseph H. Billmeyer, D. D. S.,
"   William C. Johnson,
"   James W. Freeman,
'92  William S. Chandler,
"   Herbert W. Childs, LL. B.,
"   Frank B. Graves,
"   Asa H. Hankerson,
"   Russell H. Helmley,
"   George M. Hosack,
George T. Jordan,
Willard D. Norton,
" m Clyde P. Platts,
"   Abram L. Riker, LL. B.,


'92  George A. Robinson,
"   Darius P. Shuler,
'93 / Frederick R. Barney, LL. B.,
"   Zeph G. Dunn, LL. B.,
" Will J. Fisher, B. S.,
" Walter G. Stark,
"   Maurice C. Wright, A. B.,
- Roy H. Spencer,
'94 in Frederick W. Heysett, AI'. D.,
"  Moulton J. Hosack,
"   Oscar J. Larson, LL. B.,
" Edward F. LeGendre,
" d Robert B. Mackenzie, D. D. S.,
" m Edwin A. Murbach, M.D.,
Harry L. VanTuyl, B. S.,
/ Winfred J. Wallace,
- Janson E. Hammond,
'95   George F. Key,
"   LeRoy C. Yeoman,
'96 in Chester B. Bliss,
"   Charles E. Driggs,
"   Thomas J. Elliott,
William W. Keer,
- H. Walter Booth.




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


265


Sigma Alpha Epsilon.-Founded by seven students at the
University of Alabama, March 9, I856, this fraternity was until
1883 confined td Southern colleges. It has had eighty-six branches,
thirty-one of which are inactive; and it is now represented at Alabama, North Carolina, Virginia, Bethel, Cumberland,
Georgia, Mississippi, Southwestern Baptist, Washington and Lee, Furman, Mercer, Alabama A. & M. College, Southern, Tennessee, University of the South,
Emory, Southwestern Presbyterian University, Central, Davidson,Vanderbilt, Missouri, Texas, Mt. Union,
Wofford, Adrian, Allegheny, Ohio Wesleyan, MichBADGE OF  igan, Simpson, Cincinnati, Georgia School of TechS. A. E.  nology, Dickinson, Colorado, Cornell, Denver, Franklin, Leland-Stanford, Jr., Pennsylvania State, Boston, Washington
(Mo.), Ohio State, Trinity, Massachusetts Institute, Harvard, Purdue,
Nebraska, Bucknell, Worcester Polytechnic, Arkansas, Northwestern, California, St. Stephen's, Columbia, Tulane, and Louisiana.
Chapter houses are owned at the University of the South, Leland
Stanford, Jr., and Michigan. Purple and gold are the colors of
the fraternity, and its flower is the violet. The number of members is about 5,000. Prominent among those who have worn the
badge in college life are Postmaster-General William L. Wilson,
now President of Washington and Lee University; Representatives
in Congress, N. N. Clements and George P. Harrison of Alabama,
Henry Jackson and Thomas E. Watson of Georgia, W. A. Harris
of Kansas, J. W. Stokes of
South Carolina, J. C. Hutch-             -_:
eson of Texas, and T. H. B.
Brownie and J. wV. Lawson;     -=
of Virginia; Governor W.
Y. Atkinson of Georgia; Ex-                          ~
GovernorVernon H.Vaughn g
of Utah; Supreme C o u r t
Judges E. G. Simmons of,
Georgia, and Louis Hillard  '..
of North Carolina; Walter 
Acker of the Court of Appeals of Texas; and Harvey     CHAPTER HOUSE OF S. A. E.
Johnson, Consul at Antwerp.
Michigan Iota-Beta was instituted in our University with five charter
members, January 12, I889, "the entire Adrian branch coming up




266


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


to give zest to the ceremonies." In I893 the chapter established
itself in a house built for it in Hamilton Park at an expenditure of
$12,000. The football players W. I. Aldrich and R. W. E. Hayes,
both of '95, are members of this society. Following is the roll of
members 99 in number:


'9I   Fred G. Cadwell, A. B.,
"   Alfred S. Calkins, B. S.,
"   Albert Z. Horning,
"   Frederick E. King,
"(  Stephen B. Monroe, LL. B.,
"   David W. Spence, C. E.,
'92   Frederick R. Angell,
"   Charles J. Barr, Ph. B.,
"   George P. Cheney, B. L.,
"   George M. Harton, LL. B.,
"   Charles W. Heywood, A. B.,
"   Ira A. Leighley,
Edward C. Nichols, B. L.,
"   Horton C. Rorick, LL. B.,
"   Nobusobwro Sekurai, LL. B.,
4   Oscar W. Swift,
Pitt Townsend, A. B.,
"   Takenosuke Turnya, LL. B.,
Arthur J. Tuttle, Ph. B.,
Frederick E. Wood, A. B.,
'93   William Hunter, A. B.,
Harry R. King, B. S.,
"   George C. McDiarmid, B. S.,
"   Charles C. Starr,
William H. Wilson, B. S.,
'94   William W. Cook,
William W. Hurd, Ph. B,,
" Samuel C. Irvin,
Leroy L. Janes, Jr.,
" I Lewis B. Lindsay, LL. B.,
"   John B. Newman, LL. B.,
'95   William I. Aldrich,
Eugene B. Binford, LL. B.,
William E. Bolles,
T. Edwin Gray, A. B.,
Ralph W. E. Hayes, Ph. B.,
Herman F. Hloch, Ph. B.,
" Louis G. Hupp,
George C. Keech,
" Edwin H. Kelley,
"   John B. Newman,
"   Pearl O. Robinson,
"p Wilber J. Teeters, Ph. C.,
Charles L. Wolf,
'96 / Clarke E. Baldwin, LL. B.,
" Harry J. Bond,
"   J. Earl Brown,
Frederick G. Candee,
Hiram A. Emery,
" Norman Flowers, LL. B.,


'96  George E. Foerster,
"   Adam H. Gentzler,
"   James D. Kennedy, LL. B.,
"g Will L. Lowrie,
"d Charles L. Sherwood,
"   Bradshaw H. Swales, LL. B.,
"   Charles G. Towar,
"   Richard H. Watts,
'97   Frederick S. Atwood,
"   George J. Baker,
"   Edward H. Decker,
"   Walter Gray,
Arthur D. Jackson,
"   Harrison C. Jackson, B. L.,
William C. Johnson,
Roy M. Rogers,
"   Osmund H. Toxver,
'98   Wallace E. Brown,
"   Charles G. Church,
I  Corry C. Ferrell,
"   Albert L. Hayes,
"   Forest S. Hayes,
"I William D. Kilpatrick,
"   Charles E. Mudge,
" IJulius T. Muench,
"1  Harvey Yeaman,
'99   Frank E. Baker,
"   Clifford W. Crandall,
"   Jerome B. Harrington,
"Albert H. Keith,
"   Charles W. Kent,
" Byron H. Knapp,
"Samuel K. McLeod,
"   John T. Mountain,
Joe C. Osborn,
Frederick R. Sherman,
"Clyde I. Webster,
"Hugh White,
"Lucien A. Wittenmeyer,
'oo 0 Otis D. Allen,
"    Frederic E. Carlatt,
"   Matthew A. Foster,
"   Louis C. Ling,
"   Ralph Parker,
"   James Symington,
'o    Samuel L. Chambers,
"   Joseph H. Harris, Jr.,
"   Adrian S. Houck,
"   Parvin N. Patterson.




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


267


Theta Delta Chi.-Founded at Union College in 1847 by
six members of the class of '49, Theta Delta Chi has visited thirtyeight different institutions, and now exists in twenty-one, viz.,
Rennselaer Polytechnic, 1853-70, I885; Brown,
1853-77, I886; Bowdoin, 1854-64, 1872; Harvard,.
1855-60, 1885-87, 1892; Tufts, I856; Hobart, 1857;
Hamilton, I867; Lafayette, I868; Dartmouth, 1869;
Cornell, I870; Boston, I876; College of the City of
New York, I88i; Columbia, I883; Lehigh, 1884; 
Amherst, 1885; Sheffield (Yale) Scientific, 1887;  BADGE OF
Michigan, 1889; Williams, 1891; Minnesota, 1892; THETA DELTA
Wisconsin, I895; Columbian, I896. The fraternity   CHI.
is essentially Eastern in character as in origin. Buildings are
owned at Tufts, Hamilton, Hobart, Amherst, and Cornell. Black,
white, and blue are the colors. The membership is about 3,900.
Among the prominent alumni are the following: John Hay, Ambassador to Great Britain; W. W. Thomas, Minister to Sweden;
George H. Bridgman, Minister to Bolivia; J. L. Rathbone, ExConsul-General; John W. Griggs, Attorney-General of the United
States, and recent Governor of New Jersey; W. D. Bloxham, Governor of Florida; H. C. Brockmeyer, Ex-Governor of Missouri;
the late Nathan F. Dixon, United States Senator; D. U. Lockwood, C. H. Sinnickson, F. C. Stevens, and Henry R. Gibson,
Representatives in Congress; George W. Smith, President of Trinity College; Elmer H. Capen, President of Tufts College; the
Episcopal Bishops, M. N. Gilbert of Minnesota, A. M. Randolph
of Southern Virginia, and J. H. D. Wingfield of Northern California; Arthur L. Brown of the Federal District Court; George B.
Young, sometime Chief-Justice of Minnesota; Thomas Smith,
Chief-Justice of New Mexico; the late W. K. Logie, BrigadierGeneral; and William Smith, Paymaster-General of the United
States. Gamma Deuteron, the Michigan branch of Theta Delta
Chi, was instituted December I3, 1889, with five charter members
from '9I and two from '92. In the autumn of I891 the chapter
rented a house, and it is now domiciled at Ioo8 Cornwell Place.
Among the graduates are George Rebec, '9I, Instructor in Philosophy, and Charles H. Gray, '95, Instructor in English, both in
our University. William F. Holmes, '96 h, catcher of the University baseball nine and member of the football team, and Frank
J. Sexton, '98 m, and C. E. Wehrle, '99, both of the baseball nine,
belonged to this society.  The members, sixty-one in number,
follow:




268


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'9I
94
C C
C C
C 
'92
'93
ct
C
'94, (
C C
CC 
'95
CC
C
'96
( 
6 6


Augustus S. Butler,
Wolcott H. Butler, Ph. B.,
George H. Conklin,
Clarence E. DePuy, B. S.,
George Rebec, Ph. B.,
Lyman B. Trumbull, Ph. B.,
Edward D. Warner, B. L.,
Lawrence T. Cole, A. B.,
George T. McGee,
Edwin R. Cole,
Ernest J. Dennan, A. B.,
Henry G. Field, B. S.,
Harvey R. Gaylord,
Hugh F. McGaughey, B. S.,
Arthur H. Veysey, A. B.,
Ernest N. Bullock, A. B.,
Edward L. Gedney,
Harry W. LeClear,
Ross C. Whitman, A. B.,
Percy Wilson, LL. B.,
Walter W. Woodbury, LL. B.,
Frank Briscoe, A. B.,
Howard M. Cox, B. S.,
Augustus S. Gaylord,
Charles H. Gray, B. L.,
Frank F. VanTuyl, B. S.,
James B. Hamilton,
William F. Holmes, M. D.,
John A. Kreis,
Thomas D. McColl, B. S.,
Horace H. VanTuyl, Ph. B.,


'o6  Guy V. Williams, LL. B.,
"/ Paul D. Wright,
"   William W. Young,
'97  Ralph H. Collamore, B. S.,
"   Richard H. Sutphen, A. B.,
"   C. Ross Tatem,
'98  Granville M. Cox,
"   Walter M. Dean,
"   Norman H. Hackett,
"   Richard M. Heames,
"   Robert W. Hyde,
"   L. Alvin Kreis,
"   William K. Maxwell,
"   Frank N. Savage,
" I Frank J. Sexton,
"   Henry E. Wilkinson,
'99 Frank J. Arbuckle,
"   Carl M. Green,
"   Martin C. Huggitt,
"   Charles R. Morey,
" d Philip R. Thomas,
"   Charles E. Wehrle,
'oo  John B. Hitchcock,
"   Frank P. Llewellyn,
"   R. Roy McPeek,
J. Walter Wood,
'oI  Forest H. Lancashire,
" Frederick C. Nash,
"   Herman C. Stevens,
"  William W. Talcott.


To complete the roll of Theta Delta Chi at Ann Arbor the
following initiates of other branches should be added:
'8o I George F. Weeks, LL. B.,  '92 mi Lorenzo Burrows,
'87 / William A. Carter,     '94! Willis C. Belknap,
'9I I William L. Miller,       " d Edward L. Gedney, D. D. S.
" I John H. Winans,           " I James B. Beckett.
Kappa Sigma was founded in 1867 at the University of
Virginia. There have been sixty-nine chapters in all, of which
twenty-two are inactive.  The living branches, in the order of their
establishment are these: Virginia, Trinity (N. C.),
Washington and Lee, Mercer, North Carolina,
Vanderbilt, Lake Forest, Tennessee, University
of the South, Southwestern Presbyterian, Hampden-Sidney, Texas, Centenary, Randolph-Macon,
Purdue, Southwestern, Maine, Louisiana State,
Cumberland, Swarthmore, Tulane, William and
BADGE OF KAPPA Mary, Arkansas, Davidson, Illinois, Pennsylvania
SIGMA.     State, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Columbian, Southwestern Baptist, U. S. Grant, Cornell, Vermont, Wofford, Bethel,
Kentucky, Wabash, Bowdoin, Ohio State, Georgia School of Tech



ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


269


nology, Millsaps, Bucknell, Nebraska, William-Jewell, Brown, Richmond, and Missouri. Thirty-one of the forty-seven active chapters are in Southern colleges.  The latest catalogue was published
in 1897, but as it contains no biographical notes there is difficulty
in ascertaining who of the 3,o00 members have become distinguished. Perhaps Leon G. Tyler, President of William and Mary
College, is as prominent as any. Maroon, peacock-blue, and oldgold are the colors, and the lily-of-the-valley is the fraternity flower.
The Alpha-Zeta (Michigan) Chapter was instituted February 23,
I892, and is the fifty-first in age of the branches of Kappa Sigma.
Until the present college year it was exclusively a law-school
society at Ann Arbor, although elsewhere the fraternity is chiefly
academic in character.     Of the ninety-one members all but ten
have been connected with the law department. The chapter holds
a lease of the house 914 Hill street.  Following is the Michigan roll:
'92 7 William H. Giltner, LL. B.,  '95 / Frank L. Edinborough, LL. B.,
"   Richard A. Hall, LL. B.,      " / William A. Finch, LL. B.,
"   Julian A. Padgett, LL. B.,    "   Henry G. Hadden, LL. B.,
"Z Jesse E. Roberts, LL. B.,      "7 Lindley G. Long, LL. B.,
"7 Fred A. Sheldon, LL. B.,       " / LeRoy Palmer,
"7 Frank M. Wells, LL. B.,        "I Glenn B. Roseberry, LL. B.,
"7 Daniel W. Yancey, LL. B.,      "7 Wilbur R. Thirkield, LL. B.,
'93 / Albert M. Ashley, LL. B.,    "   Warren W. Travis,
" 7 Ernest P. Bennett, LL. B.,    " / Wilson K. Vance, LL. B.,
"7 Charles E. Dedrick, LL. B.,    "7 Edward M. Walsh, LL. B.,
"7 Ernest E. Ford, LL. B.,        "   Henry M. Zimmerman, LL. B.,
" / Yate H. V. Gard,             '96 7 William T. Apmadoc, LL. B.,
"I Lyman 0. Grundy, LL. B.,       "/ Thomas M. Benner, Jr., LL. B.,
"   John E. Johntz, LL. B.        "/ Henry W. Conner, LL. B.,
"  Marshall Lamer, LL. B.,      "   John C. Crapser, LL. B.,
"   Richard F. Purcell, LL. B.,   ' / Peter J. Crosby,
"I George F. Rich, LL. B.,        " / John C. Davies, LL. B.,
"7 Anson D. Rose, LL. B.,         "/ Alvan S. Hopkins, LL. B.,
"/ Mark A. Sands, LL. B.,         "/ August A. Huseman, LL. B.,
"Z Byron C. Thorpe, LL. B.,       "7 Philemon S. Karshner, LL. B.,
"/ Harry K. Wolcott,               / William C. Manchester, LL. B.,
'94  Joseph E. Barrell, LL. B.,    "/ Arthur A. Meeker, LL. B.,
"7 Charles A. Denison, LL. B.,    "/ E. Guy Ryker, LL. B.
"7 George W. Fuller, LL. B.,      "/ Angus R. Shannon, LL. B.,
"   Jesse Huber,                  "/ Joseph IH. Short, LL. B.,
7" Allen G. Mills, LL. B.,        "/ William H. Simons, LL. B.,
"/ John W. Powers, LL. B.,        "   Olney S. Williams, LL. B.,
"7 Guy L. Reed, LL. B.,         '97 7 Grant C. Bagley, LL. B.,
"   Frederick W. Smith, LL. B.,   " m Rolla J. Baldwin, M. D.,
"7 McKenzie R. Todd, LL. B.,      "7 Walter E. Dorland,
7" Henry W. Trask,                "   Archibald Stevenson, LL. B.,
"7 Julius C. Travis, LL. B.,      "   Charles E. White, LL. B.,
"7 Charles E. Ward, LL. B.,     '98 7 A. J. Edgerton, Jr.,
'95  Henry B. Anderson, LL. B.,    " I Charles H. Ewing,
"7 Willis S. Clark, LL. B.,       "7 George R. Fox,
"7 P. Percy B. DeChampagne,       "z Edwin H. Gordon,
7" Charles L. DeVault, LL. B.,    "   William B. Hice,




270


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'98  Norman K. Mclnnis,
"   Gifford B. McKay,
/ Wallace D. Scott,
'99p LeRoy Campbell,
"p Alex D. Gundry,
"/ William R. Oates,
"/ Frank R. Sweasey,
"/ Lee J. Ullman,
'oo I Raymond B. Alberson,


'oo / Herbert B. Buster,
" d Travis Dailey,
"i m Robert B. Griffith,
"4 '  Hugh T. Gundry,
" / Clay W. Kelly,
'- d Donald M. McCall,
01or  James R. Henry,
"   Edwin McGinnis.


The following matriculates of the University are members of
fraternities which never have had chapters here:


'76 1 E. W. Wilson, LL. B., K T X,
'77   E. A. Halsey, A. B., A ',
'78 in Edward S. Bell, A I',
'79 1 L. B. Winsor, LL. B., 4) r II,
'80 I J. D. Hamrick, LL. B., A B 4),
'81 / Alfred K. Brown, K K K,
"   G. S. Fuller, A ' (Vermont),
" iM A. A. Gillette, MI. D., A ',
'83 m N. M. Dorms, 4 X (Vermont),
" I F. M. Gilmore, K K K,
'-  William Snearer, Jr., LL. B., 4 K
'84 im Frank F. Smith, K K K,
'88 mn Alexander C. Smith, A ',
'89  Perlee R. Bennett, E X,
" In W. H. Dodge, M. D., A '',
"   G. H. Wood, Berzelius,


'9i m R. E. L. Rogers, I K A,
'94 1 A. P. Cady, LL. B., 4) r I,
"I T. G. Crothers, LL. B.,  X N,
"I W. R. Harvey, LL. B., K
(Southern),
'   D. T. Mason, LL. B., 2 N,
"   A. C. Melchior, LL. B., A '',
"   R. L. Motley, LL. B., K A.,
'   V. H. Ringer, LL. B., 2 N,
'95 / Victor J. Obenauer, 4) A II,
Y, ",  Charles Zollinger, LL. B., Z N,
'96 1 W. W. Thayer, LL. B., K A,
'98 / Oliver A. Ludlow, K A,
99 I Arthur G. Andrews, A Z II,
" 7 Ellis G. Soule, 4) K 2.


A


Initiations have been made among the matriculates of the collegiate department of our University by twenty-one different
fraternities, all of which originated elsewhere than at Michigan.
Six of these societies, Delta Phi, Kappa Phi Lambda, Phi Alpha,
Chi Phi, Phi Gamma Delta, and Alpha Tau Omega, are not now
represented here by chapters; and four of the others have not
lived uninterruptedly in Michigan. The aggregate membership of
the twenty-one fraternities is 3544, divided thus: Alphi Delta Phi,
413; Psi Upsilon, 378; Delta Kappa Epsilon, 352; Chi Psi, 292;
Beta Theta Pi, 289; Zeta Psi, 244; Sigma Chi, 226; Sigma Phi,
216; Delta Upsilon, 176; Phi Kappa Psi, I6i; Delta Tau Delta,
I55; Phi Delta Theta, I2z; Delta Phi, 104; Sigma Alpha Epsilon,
99; Kappa Sigma, 91; Phi Gamma Delta, 75; Theta Delta Chi, 6i;
Alpha Tau Omega, 49; Kappa Phi Lambda, 21 (six of whom belong to other societies); Chi Phi, 14; and Phi Alpha, 13.
Death has sadly broken the ranks of the older fraternities.
Chi Psi has lost 73 of its 292 men, Alpha Delta Phi has lost 70
out of 413 members, and from the 352 men of D. K. E. 64 have
departed. As regards number of living members Psi Upsilon
stands first with 344, Alpha Delta Phi second with 343, and Delta




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


27I


Kappa Epsilon third with 288. Of the 3544 members of the
Michigan branches of the regular collegiate fraternities, 435,
nearly an eighth, have died.
In the early days of the University several medical students
were admitted by each of the three fraternities then at Ann Arbor,
but Alpha Delta Phi soon adopted the rule of confining itself
strictly to the literary department. Chi Psi, however, never has
recognized any limitation in this respect, and during its long career
has initiated 49 professional-school undergraduates.  Zeta Psi at
several periods in its existence has drawn somewhat heavily from
the non-collegiate schools, as is shown the by fact that 36 matriculates of the latter now appear upon its rolls. Twenty of the
I04 members of the defunct chapter of Delta Phi were law or
medical students.  Sigma Phi has admitted fifteen professionalschool men, apparently for a special reason in each case. Three
pharmacy students and one medical student are carried upon the
long roll of Delta Kappa Epsilon; and among the 378 members of
Psi Upsilon are three medical matriculates-brothers or nephews
of other members -and one student in pharmacy who was initiated
thirty years ago. Most of the fraternities of Western origin gained
footholds at Ann Arbor through the law department, from which
they ceased to draw members when the necessity therefor had
passed. As has been said, Sigma Chi was strictly a law-school
society for seventeen years, so that of its 226 members only 5I
were admitted from the literary department.  Delta Tau Delta's
list of 155 men includes 38 professional-school matriculates. Phi
Kappa Psi, originally organized in the law-department, has sixteen
non-collegiate initiates. Beta Theta Pi has seven, Phi Delta Theta
thirteen, Sigma Alpha Epsilon 24, Alpha Tau Omega 25, and Phi
Gamma Delta 26. All but three of Kappa Sigma's 91 members
were taken from the professional-schools, which have furnished to
the fraternities 572 members.
Of the 2,618 members of the fraternities in the literary classes
from '45 to '97 there have been graduated 1,392, nearly half of
whom-to be exact, 653-belong to one or another of three societies, Alpha Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, the
respective figures being 237, 220, and 196. Beta Theta Pi has
131, Delta Upsilon Ioo, Chi Psi 85, Zeta Psi 82, Sigma Phi 82,
Delta Tau Delta 55, Phi Kappa Psi 58, Phi Delta Theta 45, Phi
Gamma Delta 26, Delta Phi 20, Theta Delta (hi 20, Sigma Alpha
Epsilon I9, all others i6. Psi Upsilon has the largest number of
living collegiate graduates.




-272


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The 265 fraternity men in the present undergraduate literary
classes are divided thus: Psi Upsilon 34, Alpha Delta Phi 28, Sigma
Chi 23, Zeta Psi 21, Beta Theta Pi 21, Phi Delta Theta 21, Phi
Kappa Psi 2I, Delta Upsilon 20, D. K.
E. I9, Theta Delta Chi I6, Sigma Phi.;.^ -     I15, Sigma Alpha Epsilon i, Chi Psi Io,
Delta Tau Delta 3, Kappa Sigma 3.
Compared with the figures of twenty-five
years ago Chi Psi shows a decrease of
one, and D. K. E. a loss of five, while
Alpha Delta Phi has gained three, Sigma
Phi three, Zeta Psi ten, and Psi Upsilon
six.
Fifty years ago two-thirds of the
students were members of secret societies.  In I859-60 those organizations
claimed I49 of the 234 undergraduatesnearly two-thirds. Only 125 of the 349
academic students belonged to fraternities in the year i869-70, and although
the close of the ensuing decade showed
a slight increase, yet at the present
ARMS OF BETA THET'A PI...
writing only 265 out of nearly four
times that number of literary and engineering students are connected with societies.  The proportion of fraternity men has declined in forty years from two-thirds to one-quarter.  A similar
decrease appears in the proportion of fraternity men in the graduated classes.  Of the eleven men who received diplomas with the
class of '45 six are on the rolls of the secret societies; but of the
155 graduated with '97 only 3o —less than one-fifth-were members of fraternities.  Among the 145 men graduated in the first ten
classes, '45 to '54, there were 83 Greek-letter initiates, 57 per cent.
of all, and of the 353 graduates in the classes from '55 to '64 there
were 212 society men, or 60 per cent. of the entire list. The fraternities claim 573 of the I,267 male graduates from 1865 to 1884,
about 45 per cent.; and the 513 Greek-letter initiates graduated
1885-97 constitute only 34 per cent. of the 1,489 men who received diplomas.  Of the 3,255 male graduates of the literary
department, 1,392, or 42 per cent., are members of the fraternity
chapters here located. To the number of Greek-letter academic
graduates should be added eight men who belong to fraternities




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


2735


that never have been represented by branches at Michigan, or that
were not so represented when the members in question were
graduated.
Certain characteristics are common to all or to nearly all of
the fraternities. All are "four-year" organizations, that is, membership in each begins or may begin early in freshman year and
continues until the member leaves college. The danger of admitting to membership students who have not been in college long
enough to enable a correct judgment to be passed upon them is
really not great in the case of the older societies, most of whose
initiates are the sons, the brothers, or the friends, of older members. Members are not infrequently drawn by the fraternities
from the upper undergraduate classes.
Toward the close of October each of the leading societies initiates its freshman delegation, the members of which may have
been pledged for a year or more. In recent years certain fraternities have occasionally introduced into their initiations various absurd or dangerous features which were untirely unknown in early
Greek-letter days, and which have been borrowed from the Harvard "Dickey Club" or from the now defunct freshman societies.
at Yale. With perhaps one exception the leading societies confine
themselves to dignified forms in which the candidate is subjected
neither to risk nor to humiliation. Most of the newspaper tales of
what occurs at the annual initiatory exercises are grossly exaggerated or wholly false. Once admitted the new members are entitled to all the rights and privileges of their older brothers; but
one of their number must go to the postoffice for the chapter mail
week-day evenings and Sunday mornings, and if the door-bell of
the chapter-house rings it is to be answered by a freshman if one
is at hand. Contrary to what is sometimes said in the daily papers
a recent initiate is not asked to go upon errands for older members, and "fagging" is unknown.
No matter what his class every member of a fraternity is
required to wear the badge. This index of membership may cost
from four to seventy-five dollars according to the extent to which
precious stones are used in the ornamentation of it; and it is not
good form to wear it upon the necktie or upon the coat lapel, as
used to be the fashion among enthusiastic members. Now the
badge is pinned in an inconspicuous place upon the waistcoat.
Members elect wear "pledge buttons" which display the colors,
or some of the distinguishing emblems of the society.




274


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Transfers of allegiance are comparatively rare. There have
been about seventy in all at Ann Arbor. Occasionally a student
becomes thoroughly dissatisfied with his fraternity and leaves it, or
his society may become so displeased with his conduct as to dismiss
him; in either of these cases the weight of opinion and the established practice seems to be that he may accept an election to some
other coterie. So, too, when a chapter has been dissolved, any of
its members may join another fraternity.
The usages of the fraternities at Michigan differ in no important
respect-from those in vogue at Brown, Dartmouth, Williams, Trinity,
Union, Cornell, and other Eastern colleges where the four-year
system obtains; and they are more formal and more dignified than
those which characterize the Western colleges. At the University
of Minnesota the members of a new society are " bounced," that
is tossed in the air in a friendly way by the adherents of older
organizations.  This objectionable custom is not likely to find
acceptance here, nor has the vulgar abbreviation "frat " for " fraternity " gained more than a limited circulation in this cultured
community.
At few colleges was the chapter-house system introduced earlier
than at Michigan.  Nearly a quarter of a century ago one of the
fraternities set up its household gods in a rented house;
t) ^^  ^^)^    ~now the most costly and certainly the most interesting of
Ann Arbor residences are the
buildings owned by the Greekletter orders. Ten societiesDelta Kappa Epsilon, Psi Upsilon, Alpha Delta Phi, Sigma
Phi, Zeta Psi, Beta Theta Pi,
X  X W E d V       p~Phi Kappa Psi, Delta Upsilon,
Sigma   Alpha  Epsilon, and
Chi Psi, -own the    houses
which they occupy, although,
in the case of one of the
ARMS OF SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON.  newly acquired houses, nothing
more than a contract interest
is supposed to be held. Delta Kappa Epsilon has a secret lodge
or temple as well as a house. The values of the different holdings
are perhaps best indicated by the official ratings for taxation, it




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


275


being premised that realty in Ann Arbor is assessed at two-thirds
of its actual value. The figures are as follow: Delta Kappa Epsilon, house $13,500, lodge $2,500, total $i6,ooo; Psi Upsilon,
$5,ooo000; Alpha Delta Phi, $15,000; Chi Psi, $9,ooo; Phi Kappa
Psi, $9,00o; Sigma Alpha Epsilon, $8,000; Beta Theta Pi, $7,500;
Sigma Phi, $5,000; Delta Upsilon, $5,ooo; Zeta Psi, $4,000. Of
these buildings, the chapter houses of Psi Upsilon and Zeta Psi face
the campus, and very near them are the residences of Alpha Delta
Phi, D. K. E., and Beta Theta Pi. Sigma Phi's place is north of the
campus and overlooks the river, while the abode of Sigma Alpha
Epsilon is situated perhaps less favorably than any of the others,
being on low ground three-fourths of a mile south of the campus.
Phi Kappa Psi has a picturesque site in Washtenaw avenue. Chi
Psi and Delta Upsilon occupy pleasant and convenient, though not
commanding positions. The buildings of Delta Kappa Epsilon,
Alpha Delta Phi, and Psi Upsilon were built by the societies themselves on sites previously bought, and the abode of S. A. E. was
erected for the society by the proprietor of the park in which it
stands. All the other houses were purchased from earlier owners,
and some of them will soon give way to finer edifices. Phi Delta
Theta, Theta Delta Chi, Sigma Chi, and Kappa Sigma, occupy
rented houses.
The expenses incident to membership vary considerably in the
different societies. Of course one cannot go into details; and perhaps it is enough to say that in hardly any of the fraternities are
the charges such as to exclude persons of moderate means. In one
of the largest establishments a reduction in expenses has been effected, and the graduates have taken steps to prevent the dues from
being onerous.
Much of the influence wielded by the chief societies at Michigan is due to the alumni members. The latter are frequent visitors
at Ann Arbor; they recommend their relatives and friends to join
the fraternities with which they themselves are connected; and by
their contributions costly chapter houses are erected and maintained. Exactly in proportion to the number and character of its
graduates, and to the extent of their interest, does a society flourish. It is customary to send to the alumni formal notices of the
regular initiation in the autumn and of the annual reunion at Commencement, and it is supposed that every society informs its retired
members concerning the principal events of the college year.
All of the older societies have alumni associations in Detroit




276


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


and Grand Rapids. In the former city, as early as I873, Delta
Kappa Epsilon began to hold an annual reunion of its alumni.
Psi Upsilon began to do the same thing in 1876, and a few years
later Alpha Delta Phi followed. Nearly all of the important fraternities now hold annual dinners in Detroit, the undergraduate
members of the Michigan chapters being invited and expected to
attend. From recent publications it appears that D. K. E. and Psi
Upsilon have each nearly one hundred alumni resident in the chief
city of Michigan, and the membership of Alpha Delta Phi is not
less than fifty, while Chi Psi, Sigma Phi, Zeta Psi, Beta Theta Pi,
and Delta Tau Delta are represented by from forty to fifty graduates apiece.
An account of the college fraternities at Michigan would be
defective did it omit to speak of the influence which the local chapters have exerted upon their respective orders. The Alpha Epsilon
of Chi Psi was for many years the westermost bulwark of that society, and to it was due the institution of the flourishing branches at
Minnesota and Wisconsin. During half a century, the Peninsular
Chapter of Alpha Delta Phi has stood at the head of the western
wing of the order, holding a high place in the general councils of
the society, and becoming responsible in later years for the new
branches at Minnesota and Chicago. Omicron of D. K. E has
heen the most successful and in many respects the most influential
of the four-year chapters of the fraternity to which it belongs. The
Michigan Zeta Psi furnished the founder of the important chapter
at Cornell, and a member from AnnArbor successfully reinstituted
the dormant branch at Harvard. Psi Upsilon's Michigan representative has always been recognized throughout the fraternity as one
of the leading chapters, and notwithstanding the persistent opposition of the branch at Columbia, it has been able to secure the
location of associate chapters in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Doubtless the abolishment of branches in the Agricultural College and at
Hillsdale is attributable to the Ann Arbor exponents of Phi Delta
Theta and Delta Tau Delta. Beta Theta Pi is understood to have
regained its old superiority in the fraternity at large. The Michigan Alpha of Phi Kappa Psi is not merely the most important
chapter of that order, but it is largely responsible for the increased
prestige of the society throughout the country. With the possible
exception of Cornell, Michigan is the most important stronghold
of the fraternities.
Although the legal right of the secret societies to exist here was




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


277


established half a century ago, those organizations have not at any
time been exempt from  severe criticism.  The old charges that
they tend to idleness and frivolity, that they encourage immorality,
that they are hostile to religious influences, that they are expensive,
exclusive, and aristocratic, and that they furnish the means for unfair combinations in college politics, are ever pending.  Doubtless some of these accusations are well grounded, especially if they
are confined to certain societies.  Taken all in all, however, the
workings of the fraternity system cannot fairly be held injurious to
their members.  This appears from the achievements of the latter
in college and in after life. It is impossible to present scholarship
records, because such have not been kept here; but it should be
noted that the percentage of fraternity men who have received
diplomas is somewhat greater than that of the neutrals.  In the
classes from '67 to '77, of the I34 Commencement appointments
made by the faculty, 69 were received by the 295 members of societies and 65 were distributed among the 436 independents.  More
than half of the holders of the Jones Classical Fellowship have
been fraternity men.
It must be conceded that the high character of their alumni
bears strongly in favor of the Greek-letter orders.  If the latter
really are schools of idleness and dissipation, the pupils trained in
them seem not to have profited by the instruction received.  The
1,400 Greek-letter fraternity men, although hardly more than twofifths of the 3,255 male academic graduates, include the four Senators of the United States, eleven of the fifteen Representatives in Congress, all the Cabinet Ministers and Assistant Secretaries at
Washington, all the Ambassadors, foreign
Ministers, and Consuls-General, the two Solicitors-General of the United States, nearly
all the Governors and Lieutenant-Governors,
almost all the members of State Supreme
Courts, eleven of the seventeen Michigan
Circuit Judges, all of the Presidents of important colleges, and nine of the eleven Regents of the University who have been gradPRFSIDENT ANGELL.
uated from the literary department. Upon
the present faculty of Michigan the Greek-letter alumni are represented by Acting-President Hutchins, and by Professors D'Ooge,
Walter, Pattengill, Herdman, Thompson, Knowlton, McLaughlin,


19




278


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Reighard, Angell, Worcester, McAlvay, and Drake, while the
non-society men include Professors Hudson, Demmon, Spalding,
J. B. Davis, Hempl, Lane, Campbell, Novy, Scott, Newcombe,
and Levi. In Faculties elsewhere the societies have a far stronger
proportional representation than at home.
The chapter houses are assailed by the same class of persons
as attacked the fraternities before the latter were equipped with
buildings. All of the society houses are not free from objectionable features, nor, for that matter, are all of the town lodginghouses; but that the manners and the morals of the members of
college societies have changed for the better since the chapterhouse system was introduced cannot be questioned. Personal
responsibility for the welfare of fraternity and chapter may be
trusted to eliminate injurious incidents of chapter-house life. A
society which, because of its evil reputation, fails to secure two or
three desirable men, soon sets out to win a good name.  It is,
however, absurd to expect that the inmates of fraternity houses
will rise to higher levels than obtain in their own homes, or in the
social circles of the large cities from which they come.
That some of the societies are, after their own fashion, exclusive, must be admitted. Just why college boys should be debarred
from  the privilege-exercised by all other persons-of choosing
their intimate associates, never has been explained. However,
the stern necessity of living has compelled not a few of the fraternities to be quite democratic.  To be a "society man" at Ann
Arbor one need not be rich, or high-born, or handsome, or welldressed. If two or three of the societies exact some or all of
these qualifications, the other orders do not.  Nor can it be said
that the spirit of exclusiveness is growing.  Most of the societies
have more members than they had thirty years ago. The fact that
the fraternities, although more numerous and influential than ever
before, include a smaller proportion of the entire undergraduate
attendance is explicable on other grounds.  The expenses of
society membership are necessarily greater than they used to be,
and the increase in the number of available men has not kept pace
with the increase in the undergraduate attendance. Then, too,
membership in certain societies is so much more desirable than
affiliation with others that not a few students remain outside of
fraternities altogether simply because they have not opportunities
of joining the organizations they prefer.  Not many elections are
refused on account of objections that would be applicable to all




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


279


of the fraternities; but on the other hand the number of students
who decline to join particular orders is known to be large. When
one considers that in each of the societies a single negative vote
means exclusion, and that such a vote may not be based upon the
merits or demerits of the candidate but simply upon personal dislike or jealousy, it is readily understood that failure to receive an
invitation from one or all of the few really desirable fraternities
does not even suggest ineligibility. In fact the leading societies
omit every year men who would be very valuable and useful members, and whose absence is regretted by the large majority of the
fraternity which passes upon them. Hence it follows that some of
the best men in each class are not members of any Greek-letter
coterie, and it also follows that at Michigan-whatever may be the
case elsewhere-it is not discreditable to be a "neutral". The
term "fraternity man" is really misleading, because it implies
that a dividing line is drawn between those who wear badges and
those who do not. Except occasionally, and then only for political purposes, such a line is not marked. The members of the
leading fraternities form a class by themselves, and in that class
the fact that a particular student belongs to one of the other societies is not regarded as giving him a higher social status than he
would deserve were he an "independent". It is by no means
certain that the disadvantages attendant upon membership in certain fraternities are not greater than the corresponding advantages.
At any rate, the term "society man" has not now-a-days great
significance, although membership in any one of several fraternities
that might be named is a valuable privilege.
Superficial observers of the society system regret that threefourths of the students lack fraternity privileges, and fear that the
zeal and activity of the non-society alumni will not meet the needs
of the University. Accordingly they have suggested the formation
of more fraternities; an expedient more plausible than practicable.
For nearly all of the fraternities of the first class are now represented at Ann Arbor, and the three not now here are too shrewd to
plant young chapters in the face of long-established rivals. Nor
is it to be supposed that any of the Southern fraternities not
already on the ground could ever command the attention of Michigan students.  Whatever rank they hold elsewhere they have
neither prestige nor influence in this region. Separated from sister
branches and without the support of alumni a chapter of any fraternity not now here would soon die. A purely local organization




280


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


could not live long enough to secure the strength necessary for one
autumnal campaign. Exaggerated as are the advantages of intercollegiate affiliations, they are indispensable to-day unless for a
local fraternity that has existed thirty or forty years. Then, too,
a new society, whether intercollegiate or local, requires money for
a chapter house and for many other purposes.  Not having alumni
the requisite funds must be contributed by undergraduates who as
a rule are poor. So it is clear that it is easier to suggest than to
found and maintain new societies at Michigan.  In fact certain
chapters now here are far from flourishing, and would be withdrawn were it not for the conviction entertained by their "grand
lodges " that representation at Michigan is necessary to the goodstanding of every fraternity.
That every undergraduate should belong to a Greek-letter
order does not follow any more than that every citizen of Detroit
or Chicago should belong to a club.  Many a student is personally disqualified for the intimate association that the modern chapter house implies. Besides very many of the undergraduates are
so poor as to be unable to meet the financial demands of fraternity
membership. No matter how carefully a society is managed it
cannot properly be conducted without money. It is idle to say
that one's expenses when a member of a fraternity will be no higher
than before. Nothing valuable in this world is to be had without
paying for it, and membership in a society of the first class (none
but second-rate men care to belong to any other) involves an expense that is not beyond the reach of students of moderate means,
but that excludes-unless special provision is made for thempersons who are in straightened circumstances. Poverty has its
disadvantages in college as well as in the world outside.
Although many of the students for one reason or another, are
not members of fraternities, membership would not be regarded
as an invidious distinction, nor would non-membership work discontent or lessen enthusiasm for the University, if the initiates of
the societies would refrain from political and social combinations,
and would not advertise the possession by themselves of certain
supposed privileges which their fellow-students do not enjoy. One
regrets that the Yale rule of absolute secrecy does not prevail here.
The societies are in evidence altogether too much. They were not
intended to be political machines, and it is not well for the University that they should intervene directly or indirectly in the
social functions of the students. That their relative numerical




ACADEMIC FRATERNITIES


28i


strength is declining is really a good thing for the stronger fraternities, because political combinations are more difficult, and thus
brilliant men in the societies are not as likely as they were of
yore to be excluded from class offices and from the editorships of
college periodicals.  It is to be hoped that the time is near at hand
when the influence of societies as such will not be felt in outside
matters, and when all students, whether members of fraternities or
not, will stand on the same footing in matters of general interest.
For example, offices should not be bestowed or withheld by reason
of fraternity affiliations or the lack of them; nor should committeeships be parcelled out among the fraternities, nor should the societies as such contribute to the funds raised for athletic or college
purposes.  The fraternities should conduct themselves and should
be treated as strictly private clubs, concerning which it is not good
form to speak in the presence of persons not members.


THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC.




CHAPTER XII
PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES
For years the professional departments remained without fraternities of their own. Occasionally the academic societies drew
upon the law-school, and less often students of medicine were initiated; but nearly all students outside of the pale of the literary
department,-except those who had in other colleges become members of fraternities-remained ignorant of society life. A forerunner of the Greek-letter organizations which now throng our professional schools was the Alpha Phi, a local society in the lawschool from 1864 to i866. Excepting one other, that society was
the earliest of its kind in the country. In 1869 the now influential
and prosperous Phi Delta Phi, oldest of existing professional
school fraternities, was founded in our law department.  Nu
Sigma Nu, the first fraternity to confine its attention to schools of
medicine, was instituted here in March, 1882, and in the same
month and year Michigan students organized Delta Sigma Delta,
the original dental-school society. Phi Chi was founded in our
school of pharmacy in 1883, and in 1889 the homceopathic Mu
Sigma Alpha, also a Michigan product, appeared. Phi Delta Phi
had a short-lived rival in Phi Chi, a medico-legal society, 1872-75,
and from i877 until 1894 a chapter of Sigma Chi exercised considerable influence in the law school. At present Delta Chi and
Kappa Sigma (the latter of which now has members in all the
departments), both organized in 1892, are opponents of Phi Delta
Phi, while a newly-started branch of Phi Rho Sigma is beginning
to do battle with Nu Sigma Nu. Delta Sigma Delta has a rival in
Xi Psi Phi, which dates from I889. Neither Phi Chi nor Mu
Sigma Alpha has as yet met with organized opposition. There is
in the professional departments one society of women, the Alpha
Epsilon Iota, which was founded in I889 by members of the
regular school of medicine.
It is somewhat remarkable that while none of the fraternities
or sisterhoods in the literary department is indigenous with us,
nearly all of the societies of the professional schools have been
founded here. These same fraternities are also the oldest and
largest of their kind.




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


283


Alpha Phi.-This society, which was founded in the law
school in I864, was the first society of its kind in our University.
It lived two years, called itself the Alpha Chapter, had a badge
formed of the two letters of its name, and made but one appearance in The Palladium.      Among its members were Probate
Judge Allan M. Stearns, '65; William R. Bates, '66, United States
Marshal for Eastern Michigan; James L. High, '66, well-known as
a law writer; and Circuit-Judge W. I. Wallace, '66, of Missouri.
Following is its roll:
'65 1 George W. Ready, LL. B.,  "l James L. High,,L. B.,
"   George W. Seevers, LL. B.,  "  Lucius Hubbard, LL. B.,
"   Allan M. Stearns, LL. B.,  "  Loftus N. Keating, LL. B.,
"   George M. Walker, LL. B.,  "  Robert B. Murray,
'66 1 William R. Bates,         "  *William A. Palmer, LL. B.,
"   Charles C. Dawson, LL. B.,  "  Augustus H. Salisbury,
"   Henry S. Dow,              "  Milo P. Smith, LL. B.,
"   Parke D. Fay, LL. B.,      "  James C. Taylor,
"   Lloyd F. Hamilton,         "  W. Irving Wallace.
Phi Delta Phi was founded in the Law School of our University December 13, 1869.  Most of the members ascribe the
origin of the fraternity to John M. Howard of the law class of '7I,
who had come to Ann Arbor commissioned to organize a chapter of the Phi Gamma Delta, an order
whereof he had been a member at Monmouth College.
Not finding suitable material he abandoned the idea of  A
starting a rival to the powerful societies of the collegiate department, and from time to time during the
fall of 1869 he discussed with a few friends the advisability of instituting a fraternity which should be con-  FORMER
posed exclusively of law-students and lawyers.  Hav- BADGE OF PHI
DELTA PHI.
ing learned that such a fraternity was not in existence in the older law schools of the Eastern States, Howard and
six associates-Winfield S. Beebe, '70, Alfred E. Hawes, '70,
James E. Howell, '70, Arthur M. Monteith, '70, John B. Cleland,
'71, and Joseph D. Ronan, '7I-set about establishing one for
themselves. It was determined that the chapters of the new society should be named after distinguished jurists, statesmen, and
lawyers, and that membership should be of two classes, regular,
composed of undergraduates, and honorary, drawn from lawyers
or from the faculty. Judge Thomas M. Cooley was the first honorary member. The parent chapter was called Kent. We are
told in the printed history of the society that no attempt at extension was made until I875, when the Sharswood Club, a local




284


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


organization of good standing in the Law School of the University
of Pennsylvania, was admitted under the name of the Sharswood
Chapter. The members, however, returned their charter shortly
afterwards, for the alleged reason that the prescribed initiation ceremony was unsatisfactory.  In 1878 the Illinois Wesleyan University was made the seat of a chapter called Benjamin, the charter
of which was withdrawn ten years later.  Booth Chapter was
established at the Union College of Law in Chicago in May, i880,
and in December of the year following Story Chapter was instituted in the Columbia Law School. Other branches have been put
forth as follows: Cooley, St. Louis Law School, Washington University, 1882; Pomeroy, Hastings College of the Law, University
of California, 1883; Marshall, Columbian University, 1884; Jay,
Albany Law School, 1884-93; Webster, Boston Law School, 1885;
Hamilton, Cincinnati Law School, i886; Gibson, University of
Pennsylvania, I886; Choate, Harvard Law School, 1887; Conkling,
Cornell University, i888; Tiedeman, University of Missouri, I890;
Dillon, University of Minnesota, I891; Daniels, Buffalo Law
School, I881; Chase, University of Oregon, 1891; Harlan, University of Wisconsin, I891; Swan, Ohio State University, 1893;
McLain, University of Iowa, I893; Lincoln, University of Nebraska, 1895, Osgoode Law School of Upper Canada, Toronto,
I896; Fuller, Chicago College of Law, I896; Miller, Leland Stanford, Jr., University, 1897; Green, University of Kansas, 1897.
The first national convention was held at Ann Arbor, March 3,
1892. At this conclave the shield-shaped badge of the order was
exchanged for a monogram. Claret-red and pearl-blue are the
colors of the society, and the forget-me-not is its flower. This
fraternity does not assume a stringent air of secrecy. Though the
motto, the grip, and the passwords are not communicated to outsiders, no especial mystery enshrouds its constitution orpolicy. It
is not exclusive of the collegiate fraternities, although at least two
of the latter at Ann Arbor now prohibit their men from joining it.
According to the seventh edition of the catalogue, which appeared
late in 1897, the total number of members is 3972. Of these I86
are honorary. Among the most prominent of the regular members
of the Michigan Chapter are the following: George H. Hopkins,
'71, of Detroit, formerly Collector of Internal Revenue; United
States Circuit Judge William B. Gilbert, '72; William J. Stuart,
'72, formerly Mayor of Grand Rapids; George Whitney Moore,
'73, and DeForest Paine, '73, well-known lawyers of Detroit; John




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


285.C. Watson, '73, Acting-Governor of Nebraska in I896; Charles C.
Hopkins, '76, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Michigan; Russell
C. Ostrander, '76, Ex-Mayor of Lansing; Clarence W. Ashford,
'80, formerly Attorney-General of Hawaii; and Edward E. Wilson,
'8i, Representative in Congress. From other chapters are Theodore Roosevelt; Frank C. Partridge, late Minister to Venezuela;
Richard C. Shannon, and George N. Southwick, Representatives
in Congress; Professor Walter F. Willcox of Cornell University,
Walter F. Freer, of the Supreme Court of Hawaii; and Professor
Isidor Loeb of the University of Missouri. Phi Delta Phi at
Michigan has been represented upon the University
baseball team by Frank Crawford, '93 /, and E. C.
Shields, '96 /, and upon the football team by G. H.
Wood, '89 /, Frank Crawford, '93 7, D. B. Ninde,     A_
'95 /, Edwin Denby, '96 7, E. C. Shields, '96 1, and BADGE OF PHI
T. C. Teetzel, 'oo /.  The tennis player, A. S. DELTA PHI.
Brown, '93 1, was a member.  Kent Chapter occupies the handsome and commodious house 803 South State street.
The honorary members of the Kent Chapter, thirty-one in
number, are the following: Associate Justices Henry B. Brown,
John M. Harlan, and Samuel F. Miller, of the Federal Supreme
Court; William H. Taft, of the United States Circuit Court; Henry
H. Swan of the Federal District Court; John W. Champlin and
Thomas M. Cooley, formerly of the Supreme Court of Michigan,
and Claudius B. Grant, the present Chief Justice; Thomas F.
Bayard, formerly Ambassador to England; Levi L. Barbour,
Charles S. Draper, and Chas. R. Whitman, formerly Regents of
the University; Acting-President Harry B. Hutchins; Henry Wade
Rogers, President of Northwestern University; Edwin F. Conely,
Levi T. Griffin, Charles A. Kent, and the late Charles I. Walker
and William P. Wells, all of the Detroit Bar, and formerly of the
Law Faculty at Michigan; Nathan D. Abbott, sometime Professor,
and Thomas A. Boyle, Elias F. Johnson, Otto Kirchner, Jerome
C. Knowlton, Aaron V. McAlvay, Floyd R. Mechem, Frank F.
Reed, Bradley M. Thompson, and Horace L. Wilgus, present Professors in our Law Department; Melville M. Bigelow, the law
author; and Circuit Judge E. D. Kinne. Following is the roll of
the 441 regular members of the Michigan branch, all of whom, of
course, belong to the law-school classes:




286


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


70   Eugene E. Allen, LL. B.,
Winfield S. Beebe, LL. B.,
"   Alfred E. Hawes, LL. B.,
" James E. Howell, LL. B.,
"   Ezra D. Lewis, LL. B.,
"   Arthur McA. Monteith, LL. B.,
"   John L. Starkweather, LL. B.,
"   Frederick F. Wendell, LL. B.,
'7    Frank Butterworth, LL. B.,
"   Henry Clark,
" John B. Cleland, LL. B.,
" Warren C. Dewey, LL. B.,
"  William E. Edgar, LL. B.,
" Daniel B. Hibbard, Jr., LL. B.,
" Robert J. Hill, LL. B.,
George H. Hopkins, LL. B.,
John M. Howard, LL. B.,
"*James Y. Marshall, LL. B.,
" *Martin Morris, LL. B.,
*Willard H. Perley, LL. B.,
*Joseph D. Ronan, LL. B.,
*John W. Shepherd, LL. B.,
"   Charles M. Swallow, LL. B.,
"   Charles S. Thomas, LL. B.,
72   Louis Blitz,
"*Charies W. Derr, LL. B.,
"   Jacob L. Flickinger, LL. B.,
"   William B. Gilbert, LL. B.,
"   Edwin M. Irish, LL. B.,
" *Joseph D. Johnson, LL. B.,
"   William J. Stuart, LL. B.,
"   Festus Walters, LL. B.,
"   James H. Winters, LL. B.,
"   Charles D. Wright, LL. B.,
'73 Arthur A. Birney, LL. B.,
"John H. Campbell, LL. B.,
"   George W. Cass, LL. B.,
"   Will A. Chamberlain, LL. B.,
"   Francis E. Hamilton,
"   Samuel E. Kemp,
"   George W. Moore,
" Henry A. Neal, LL. B.,
" Joseph T. O'Neal, LL. B.,
" DeForest Paine, LL. B.,
James B. Peter,
"   Hiram Smith, Jr., LL. B.,
Alonzo S. Stephens, LL. B.,
"   Charles E. Thornton, LL. B.,
John C. Watson, LL. B.,
'74   John M. Brooks,
" Charles G. Canfield, LL. B.,
"   Daniel B. English, LL. B.,
"   Charles B. Gates, LL. B.,
"   James Greenwood, Jr.,
"   Howard E. Henderson,
"   Thomas E. Knox,
Joseph W. Martin, LL. B.,
*Willis Merritt, LL. B.,
*Iouis E. Morris, LL. B.,


74   Simeon T. Price, LL. B.,
Seth C. Randall, LL. B.,
" *Martin S. Taylor,
*Thomas A. Taylor, LL. B.,
"   Albert Wassell, LL. B.,
"   Elisha B. Wood, LL. B.,
75   *Cornelius M. Burgess, LL. B.,.
"    Joseph C. Coffman, LL. B.,
"   John M. Eaton, LL. B.,
"   George A. Gary,
" William B. Given, LL. B.,
" Edward J. Kennard, LL. B.,
James T. McClellan,
"   Mark W. Phelps, LL. B.,
'"George E. Putnam, LL. B.,
" Alexander Sampson, LL. B.,
Rutus Sarlls,
"Perley K. Scott, LL. B.,
" George C. Squires,
" Gilbert M. Stark, LL. B,
'76 Ernest L. Allen, LL. B.,
" John L Burleigh, LL. B.,
" Jacob P. Dunn, LL. B.,
William A. Fraser, LL. B.,
"   Charles L. Frederic, LL. B.,
Clarence M. Hill,
"   Charles C. Hopkins, LL. B.,
Eneshia Meers, LL. B.,
*"John 0. Moffatt, LL. B.,
John A. Moninger, LL. B.,
Russell C. Ostrander, LL. B.,
"   George W. Poland, LL. B.,
"   Oscar M. Seward, LL. B.,
"   Marion Steele, LL. B.,
" Frank W. Waring, LL. B.,
"   Theodore Winningham, LL. B.,.
77 Truman E. Ames, LL. B.,
"   Thomas B. Buckner, LL. B.,
"   Silas H. Callender, LL. B.,
"   Harry C. Davis,
"   Stephen O. Foster, LL. B.,
" Walter S. Judy, LL. B.,
"   Edward L. Lemert,
" *Medary D. Mann, LL. B.,
"   Nathan A. Mann, LL. B.,
''   Thcmas E. Morey, LL. B.,
"   Calvin C. Staley, LL. B.,
Louis F. Stifel, LL. B.,
"   George F. White, LL. B.,
78 Charles A. Barnes, LL. B.,
Morris C. Baum, LL. B.,
"   Burroughs F. Bower, LL. B.,
John O. Garrett, LL. B.,
"   Harry P. Hancock, LL. B.,
Henry Hoffman, LL. B.,
John C. Keith, LL. B.,
"   J. Robert McGuffin, LL. B.,
"   Charles C. Nelson, LL. B.,
'   Edward Z. Perkins, LL. B.,


1




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


287


'78  D. Wilbur Reardon,
"   Daniel C. Remick, LL. B.,
"   Thomas Rinaker, LL. B.,
Herman Ritter, LL. B.,
"*Edward P. Rose,
"   Frank F. Rozzelle, LL. B.,
"   Samuel W. Vance, LL. B.,
"   Myron H. Walker, LL. B.
*John S. Whitford, LL. B.,
"   Henry Wollman, LL. B.,
'79 Gustav C. Bartels, LL. B.,
"James H. Blood, LL. B.,
" Walter P. Butler, LL. B.,
" Levy Chamberlain, LL. B.,
Edward G. Embler, LL. B.,
"   Carl E. Epler, LL. B.,
"   Charles G. Fowler, LL. B.,
" *John P. Gale, LL. B.,
"   John A. Mansfield, I1L. B.
"   Fritz Morris, LL. B.,
"   Joseph F. McNaught,
" John C. Slayback,
" George A. VanDyke, LL. B.,
" John De W. Veeder,
"   William H. H. Williamson, LL. B.
'80  Clarence W. Ashford, LL. B.,
"   Alfred J. Babcock, LL. B.
John B. Booth,
"*Alexander Camp, LL. B.
"   Lucian F. Easton, LL. B.,
"   John H. Glade, LL. B.,
"   Frank H. Hyatt,
"   William IH. Loomis, LL. B.,
"   Alfred F. Maynard, LL. B.,
"   William L. McKay, LL. B.,
"    Arthur P. Mitchell, LL. B.,
"   Walter B. Scaife, LL. B.,
"   William A. Weeks, LL. B.,
'8r  Lorenzo C. Brooks,
"   Frank A. Davis, LL. B.,
*Gideon S. Fuller, LL. B.,
"   Walter R. Iinckley, LL. B.,
Gilbert M. Hitchcock, I L. B.,
"   Frederick F. Huntress, LL. B.,
John McCandless,
"   Charles E. McKinney,
"   Charles S. Smith, LL. B.,
"   Buffon S. Walker, LL. B.,
"   Frank P. Williams,
"   Edward E. Wilson,
'82  Louis F. Bartels, LL. B.,
"   William S. Bemis, LL. B.,
"   John C. F. Bush,
"   Morris L. Courlwright,
"   Thomas G. Fitch, LL. B.,
"   Lawrence Heiskell,
"   Richard B. Latham,
"   Charles G. Lawrence, LL. B.,
"   *Henry, W. McArthur, LL. B.,


'82  Mason J. Niblack, LL. B.,
"   Oliver E. Pagin,
"   Curtis E. Pierce, LL. B.,
"   James W. Remich, LL.. B.,
"   Willis A. Rogers, LL. B.,
"   Otto E. Sauter, LL. B.,
"   Charles E. Temple, LL. B.,
"   Edward F. Tierney, LL. B.,
"   Horace B. Wing,
'83  David M. Alston, LL. B.,
"   Arthur C. Denison, LL. B.,
"   Charles P. Doolittle,
James R. Downs,
"   Rufus I. Eaton, LL. B.,
"   Charles W. Franklin, LL. B.,
"   Claus J. Gunderson, LL. B.,
"   Austin Hawley, LL. B.,
"   James S. Heaton,
"   Willard F. Keeney,
"   Harry H. Lockwood, LL. B.,
"   Charles D. Long,
"   Elmer W. Parkhurst, LL. B.,
"   Willis B. Perkins, LL. B.,
"   Charles T. Ralston,
"    Elmer E. Richards,
"   William Snearer, Jr., LL. B.,
"   *Herbert M. Snow, LL. B.,
"   Albert E. Stevenson,
'84  Herbert W. Baird, LL. B.,
"   Eckstein Case, LL. B.,
"   Anson Dill,
"   Frank Healy, LL. B,
"   John H. Holmes, LL B.,
"   Richard H. Johnson, LL. B.,
"   Thomas H. Loller, LI,. B.,
"   George B. McLane, LL. B.,
"   Carroll H. Parmelee, LL. B.,
"   William T. Perkins, LL. B.
"   Fred Reynolds, LL. B.,
"   Issie J. Ringolsky, LL. B.,
"   Wayland W. Sanford,
"   Edward T. Taylor, LL. B.,
"   Samuel K. Woodworth, LL. B.
"   *Edgar B. Wright, LL. B.,
"   Richard Yates, LL. B.,
'85  Lemuel M. Ackley, LL. B.,
"   George C. Cook, LL. B.,
"   Howard W. Dickinson, LL. B.
Henry C. Flower, LL. B.,
"   Frank M. Goddard, LL. B.,
"   Joseph F. Greene, LL. B.,
"   Richard W. Groom, LL. B.,
"   Adam H. Meeker, LL. B.,
"   Charles W. Taylor, LL. B.,
Ralph L. Aldrich, LL. B.,
"   James H. Beal,
'86  William H. Brunson, LL. B.,
"   Charles Dresbach, LL. B.,
"   Charles H. Dudley, LL. B.,




288


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


"   Benjamin C. Garrison,         '90
Ambrose E. B. Helmick, LL. B., 
"   Charles M. Murphy, LL. B.,
' Norman T. Mason, LL. B., 
"   Walter S. Meeker, LL. B.,
John T. Moffit, LL. B.,       '9'
"   Granville A. Richardson, LL. B., "
"   Allen Showman, LL. B.,         "
' James G. Smith, LL. B.,        "
" James C. Work, 
'87  William A. Carter, 
Fred I. Chichester, LL. B., 
"   Albert D. Elliot, LL. B.,
" John A. Fairchild, LL. B. 
"   Thomas P. Fenton, Jr., 
Charles G. Hurds, LL. B., 
"   Austin M. Keene, LL. B., 
George C. Manly, LL. B., 
"   Charles S. Pierce, 
"   Charles Reed, LL. B.,
James N. Saunders, LL. B.,
Samuel I. Slade, LL. B.,
"   John W. M. Stewart, LL. B.,
" George B. Watson, 
Frank L. Wean, 
'88  John R. Calder,               '92
"   Lodowick F. Crofoot, LL. B., 
Perley F. Gosbey, LL. B.,
' Harry A. Lovett, 
"  William H. Moore, LL. B.,
John A. Murphy, LL. B., 
"   Wilbur Owen, LL. B.,
"  William L. Parmenter, LL. B., 
"   Samuel L. Philbrick, LL. B., 
"   Walter T. Smith,
" George B. Stewart, LL. B.,
John Q. Van Swearingen, LL. B.,
"   George B. Yerkes, LL. B., 
'89  Alfred J. Adams, 
Armand Albrecht, LL. B.,         93
"   Arthur W. Brady, LL. B.,
"   David K. Cochrane, 
"  Matthew C. Fleming,
William W. Griffin, LL. B.,
" Volney O. Hildreth, LL. B.,
"   Ernest R. Keith, LL. B., 
" John McF. Ormond, LL. B., 
"   George J. Stoneman, Jr., LL. B., 
Samuel L. Thompson, LL. B., 
"   George H. Wood,
'90  *Henry W. Baird,
"   Laverne Bassett, LL. B., 
"   William F. Carter, LL. B.,
" Linton A. Cox, LL. B.,         "
"   Brode B. Davis, LL. B., 
Walter S. Holden, 
"   George A. Katzenberger, LL. B., 
" Edgar F. Koehler, LL. D.,
"   Edward C. Mason, LL. B.,      '94


Arthur E. Pratt, LL. B.,
George F. Rush,
Lawrence VanBuskirk,
Orlando G. Volkmor, LL. B.,
Archie E. Watson, LL. B.,
Daniel R. Anthony, Jr., LL. B.,
Frederick W. Benz, LL. B.,
Edwin A. Blakeslie,
Charles WV. Burt,
Charles C. Butler, LL. B.,
Ora E. Butterfield, LL. B.,
Wilson S. Doan,
Olen L. Everts, LL. B.,
*James G. Foard,
Williams C, Harris, LL. B.,
Frederick A. Henry, LL. B.,
Henry A. Hickman, LL. B.,
John C. Huntoon, LL. B.,
George S. Johnson, LL. B.,
James S. Martin,
Richard L. Melton,
Norman A. Phillips, LL. B.,
Harold Taylor, LL. B.,
Duncan A1 Vinsonhaler, LL. B.,
William H. Wadley, LL. B.,
James H. Adams, LL. B.,
William A. Beasley, LL. B.,
Patrick A. Berry, LL. B.,
Fenton W. Booth, LL. B.,
John R. Effinger, Jr.,
William H. Eichhorn,
Victor 1M. Elting, LL. B.,
John S. W. Holloway, LL. B.,
Francis T. Hord, LL. B.,
George E. Howes, Jr., LL. B.,
Pomeroy Ladue,
Elliott Northcott,
Melvin B. Parmely, Jr., Jr.,LL.B.,
Charles S. Witbeck,
Charles C. Benedict,
Albert S. Brown,
Edwin C. Caldwell,
Oliver H. Carson, LL. B.,
Frank Crawford, LL. B.,
James W. Good, LL. B.,
Edwin B. Harts, LL. B.,
Milton Johnson, LL. B.,
James B. Nelson, LL. B.,
Jonathan Palmer, Jr., LL. B.,
George G. Prentis, LL. B.,
Henry A. Reese, LL. B..
Charles P. Richardson, LL. B.,
John S. Ronntree, LL. B.,
Frank C. Smith, LL. B.,
Robert F. Thompson, LL. S.,
Campbell AM. Voorhees, LL. B.,
Edwin A. Wilcox, LL. B.,
Edward H. Williams, LL. B.,
Alfred F. Bissell, LL. B.,




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


289


'94  George V. D. Candler,        '96   Alfred H. Hunt, LL. B.,
Henry E. Candler, LL. B.,           Nathaniel H. Kennedy, LL. B.,
Holbrook G. Cleaveland, LL. B.,  '  Robert W. Manly, LL. B
"   Walter S. Fulton, LL. B.,      '   Herbert R. Marlatt, LL. B.,
William R. Hlervey, LL. B.,     "   John C. Munger,
J. Stanley Hurd, LL. B.,       '   Harry Y. Saint, LL. B.,
Gordon N. Kimball,              "   Edmund C. Shields, LL. B.,
Frank C. Kuhn, LL. B.,          "   Oliver L. Spaulding, Jr., LL. B.,
Samuel Medbury,                 '   Wade W. Thayer, LL. B.,
William G. Ramsey, LL. B.,      "   Frederick W. Winkler,
"   Hedley V. Richardson, LL. B.,  97  Freeman Field, LL. B.,
Lindsay Russell, Jr., LL. B.,  "   Ransom F. George, LL. B.,
James J. Sheridan, LL. B.,     "   Clare H Stearns, LI.. B..
John G. Stone, LL. B.,             Edward F. Wehrle, I L. B.,
Luther O. Wadleigh. LL. B.,   '98   Norman T. Bourland,
Percy Wilson, LL. B.,          "    Charles G. Cook,
"   Harry F. Worden, LL. B.,       "   Luman W. Goodenough,
'95  Elmer L. Allor, LL. 1.,        "   Oliver A. Ludlow,
" Ira C. Belden,                 "   Lester E. Maher,
Harry C. Bulkley, LL. B,       "   Rufus P. Ranney,
John S. Burnett, LL. B.,       "   Errol H. Y. Spicer,
Leigh R. Crawford, LL. B.,     "   Francis E. Stevens,
"   Henry H. Cushing, LL. B.,          Dwight J. Turner,
"   Robert W. Dunn, LI.. B.,           Orestes H. Wright,
Harry I. Dunton,             '99   Arthur G. Andrews,
Allan P. Gilmour, LL. B.,      "   Armin W. Brand,
"   Frank P- Graves, LL. B.,           Charles P. Davis
"   Charles B. Henderson, LL. B.,  "   Frederic Iarry,
"   Hugh G. Keegan, LL. B.,        "   Paul C. King,
"   Rufus G. Lathrop, LL. B.,      '   Stanley M. Matthews,
Charles S. McDowell, LL. B.,   "   Samuel I. Motter,
"   Edgar M. Morseman, Jr., LL. B., "  Morris H. Reed,
"   Daniel B. Ninde, LL. B.,       "   Philip W. Seipp,
Victor J. Obenauer,             "   Wallis C. Smith,
"   Gilmore D. Price, LL. B.,      "   Ellis G. Soule,
Edward S. Rogers, LL. B.,           Francis L. Wurzburg,
"   Charles Zollinger, LL. B.,   'oo   William B. Davies,
'96  John B. Archer, LL. B.,        "   Edmund J. Mautz,
Franklin E. Bump, LL. B.,      "   Harry W. Paddock,
Edwin Denby, LL. B.,            "   Clayton T. Teetzel,
Charles W. Foster, LL. B.,     "   Russell B. Thayer,
Benjamin A. Gage, LL. B.,       "   McLane Tilton, Jr.,
Warren W. Guthrie, Jr., LL. B.,     James F. Yeager.
'   John T. Harrington, LL. B.,
Phi Chi, a local medico-legal fraternity (not to be confounded with the pharmaceutic Phi Chi) was formed in 1872 as a
rival of Phi Delta Phi. It styled itself the Alpha, and its badge
was a monogram    of 0 and X.    Excluded from    The Palladium
this society published The Sapphire in 1873. Phi Chi seems
to have lived until some time in I875-76. Theobald Otjen, '75 /,
now   a Representative in Congress, was a member, and.the roll
included the following, possibly other, names:
'74 1 Irving R. Fisher, LL. B.,   '75 m Phil Porter,
" m *Rufus H. McCarty, M. D.,      " I Charles O. Tattershall,
'75 1 *Myron E. Bishop, IL. B.,     " m John E. Weaver,
" n; George L. Graham,            '76 1 Leonard C. Reynolds.
" l Theobald Otjen, LL. B.,




290


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Delta Chi.-This is a fraternity exclusively devoted to law
schools. It was founded at Cornell University in 1890, and has
the following additional chapters: New York University, Michigan,
Minnesota, Dickinson, Chicago College of Law,
University of Buffalo, Osgoode Hall (Toronto), and
Northwestern. The Michigan chapter, founded with
fourteen charter members, May 25, 1892, has been
very successful. It occupies the beautiful building
BADGE OF   733 South State street, and has the following honorary
DELTA CHI.  members:  Professor Herman V. Ames, Benjamin
Butterworth, Professor John B. Clayberg, J. P. Dollivar, Judge
Victor A. Elliott, Marshall D. Ewell, Judge William G. Ewing, James
L. High, Ex-President Benjamin Harrison, Robert T. Lincoln,
Judge Samuel Maxwell, and Roger Q. Mills.   The well-known


baseball players is A. W. Jefferis, '93
Delta Chi men.     The roll of the 87
'93  Marvin E. Barnhart, LL. B.,    '96
Robert L. Campbell, LL. B.,   '96
Miner L. Davis, LL. B.,
Willim C. Fitzer, LL. B.,
Edgar M. Hall, LL. B.,
Metcalf B. Hatch, Jr., LL, B.
Otis E. Hungate,
Albert W. Jefferis, LL. B.,
Edwin L. Johnson, LL. B.,          '
HarveyT. Lovett, LL. B., 
John H. Park, LL. B.,
George J. Parker, LL. B.,
Charles F. Parsons, LL. B.
George C. Stewart, LL. B.,
Howard A. Thornton, LL. B.,
'94  Milton E. Blake, LL. B.,
Robert C. Chapman, LL. B.,
Charles W. Chapman, LL. B.,
Charles 0. Duncan,              '97
Willis V. Elliott, LL. B.,
Robert B. Mitchell, LL. B.,        (
Charles A. Park, LL. B.,         '98
Htarry H. Patterson, LL. B.,
Sherman C. Spitzer, LL. B..
Charles I. Stouffer, 
'95  Frank W. Ballenger,              '
Arthur C. Bartels, LL. B., 
'   Philo G. Burnham, LL. B.,       "
Llewellyn B. Case, LL. B.,
Thornton Dixon, LL. B.,
Walter M. Ellett,
'   Thomas S. Hayden, Jr., LL. B., 
'   Edward Horskey, LL. B.,        99
"   Schuyler C. Hubbell, LL. B.,    "
"   Harry H. Parsons, LL. B., 


/, and S. C. Spitzer, '94/, were
regular members follows:
T. Myron Westover, LL. B.,
Federick W. Bacorn, LL. B.,
Oliver R. Barrett, LL. B.,
Luther G. Beckwith, LL. B.,
Edward S. Ferry, LL. B.,
Frederick H. Gaston, LL. B..
Forrest M. Hall, LL. B.,
Laurence R. Hamblen, LL. B.,
William W. Kerr. LL. B.,
Bertrand Lichtenberger, LL. B.,
Allen C. MacCaughan,
George R. Miller, Jr., LL. B.,
Stuart H. Perry, LL. B.,
Edward E. Spear, LL. B.,
Evan Stevenson,
Myron R. Sturtevant, LL. B.,
Daniel R. Williams, LL. B.,
David B. Woodworth, LL. B.,
Chester G. Brown,
Thomas A. Berkebile, LL. B.,
Frederick B. Stanley, LL. B.,
Duane D. Arnold,
William R. Blackburn,
Jacob M. Blake,
William H. Feindt, Jr.,
Carl L. Flood,
Daniel W. Fishell,
Hugh H. Hart,
Maurice E. Harvey,
Frank G. Mason,
Howard I. Shepherd,
J. Sterling St. John,
John C. Ammerman,
Earle V. D. Brown,
John Campbell,




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


291


'99  Henry Catron,            '99  LeRoy A. Wilson,
Harry L. Chapman,         'oo  Basil B. Adams,
Harold H. Emmons,              Joseph Chamberlain,
John E. Harding,                Harry A. Converse,
'Charles A. Klotz,               William L. Day,
Robert D. Magill,               Clarence C. Dutch,
Warren Mullett,             "   Leonard Masters,
George Smith,                   Thomas G. Masters.
Albert D. Stevens,
Nu Sigma Nu.-This medical-school fraternity, the oldest
of its kind, was founded at our University March 2, 1882, by five
members of the class of '83. April 20, 1882, seven pins were worn
in public, and the existence of the fraternity was openly announced.
Uniform prosperity has attended the order at Ann
Arbor and elsewhere.  The roll of chapters is as  W 
follows: Alpha, Michigan; Beta, Detroit College
of Medicine; Delta, Western University of Pennsylvania; Epsilon, Minnesota; Zeta, Northwestern; Eta, Illinois (Chicago College of Physicians 
BADGE OF NU
and Surgeons); Theta, Ohio Medical College;        SIGMA NU.
Iota, Columbia; Kappa, Chicago; Lambda, Pennsylvania; Mu, Syracuse; Nu, University of Southern California.
There are about 700 members.   Garnet and white are the colors.
The local chapter occupies the house I14 North Division street,
and is represented in the Faculty by G. Carl Huber, '87 m, Simon
M. Yutzy, '91 mn, J. R. Arneill, '94 m, J. T. McClymonds, '94 m,
R. N. Gorden, '97 m, William A. Spitzley, '97 m, George B. Wallace, '97 m, and W. H. Waite, '98 m. To this fraternity belonged
the baseball player W. W. Pearson, '93 m, and the football men,
E. E. Hagler, 'go m, R. T. Farrand, '92 m, S. C. Glidden, '93 m,
W. W. Pearson, '93 m, and L. C. Grosh, '96 m. The Alpha chapter has eighteen honorary members, most of whom are now or have
been members of the Medical Faculty at Ann Arbor. Their names
follow: Doctors John J. Abel, Flemming Carrow, Walter S. Christopher, Arthur R. Cushny, Cyrenus G. Darling, George Dock,
Corydon L. Ford, George E. Frothingham, George A. Hendricks,
Henry F. Lyster, W. A. MacGugan, Donald Maclean, J. P. McMurrich, W. L. Moore, Charles B. Nancrede, Frederick G. Novy,
Thomas J. Sullivan, and Victor C. Vaughan. The list of the
regular members of the parent chapter, I35 in number, follows:
'83  Frederick C. Bailey, M. D.,  '84  Sidney H. Culver, M. D.,
"   Charles M. Frye, M. D.,    "   Charles W. Dodd, M. D.,
"   William J. Mayo, M. D.,    "   John D. Gish, M. D.,
*" Robert D. Stephens, M. D.,  "   George S. Hatch, M. D.,
"   Benjamin G. Strong, M. D.,  "  George A. Haynes, M. D.,




292


THE MICHIGAN BOOK,84  William W. Johnson, M. D.,
Frederick W. Main, M. D.,
Herman Ostrander, M. D.,
'85   James M. Postle, M. D.,
"   Charles E. Rankin, M. D.,
'86   Edward L. Bower, MI. I).,
'   Henry H. Dawson,
William C. Riddell, M. D.,
''  Charles H. Waterhouse,
Scott P. Woodin, M. 1).,
'87   Walter H. Allport,
"   Oliver E. E. Arndt, M. D.,
Miles H. Clark, M. ).,
Walter A. Cowie, M. D.,
"   James W. Dalby,
Albert G. Dunaway,
Leonard F. Hatch, I. D.,
G. Carl Huber, M. I).,
Wilmot F. Miller, M. D.,
" John A. Prince, M. D.,
Albert F. Schafer, M. L.,
'88   Frank Chaffee, M. I)..
Arthur H. Coe, M. D.,
"   James L. Halsey,
"   Frederick S. Heller, M. D.,
'89  Carroll O. Boyce, M. D.,
William S. Connery, M. D.,
" William H. Dodge, M. D.,
" William W. Haworth,
"   John L. Irwin, M. D.,
"   Lewis H. Kemble, M. D.,
" Charles McGregor, M. D.,
"   Wadsworth Warren, MI. D.,
'9o  John A. Barnett, M. D.,
Elmer E. Hagler, M. D.,
"   Napoleon D. Kean, M. D.,
John J. Marker, M. D.,
Chester W. Merrill,
"   Benjamin F. Parrish,
Francis M. Phillips, M. D.,
R. E. L. Rodgers,
" George H. T. Sparling,
'9r   Nelson Abbott, M. D.,
*James C. Ballard, 5I. D.,
"   Edward C. Davidson, M. D.,
" William H. Fisher, M. D.,
" William J. Furness, M. D.,
" Walter J. Green,
"   Thomas A. R. Jones, M. D.,
John H. Kimble, M. D.,
"   Samuel S. Lindsey, M. D.,
'91   Donald Macrea, Jr., M. D.,
John Rebur,
"   George L. Renaud,
William G. Rice, M. D.,
" Cassius D. Silver, M. D.,
"   Will P. Walter,
"   Simon M. Yutzy, M. D.,
'92  George H. Brash, M. D.,


'92  Arthur P. Burroughs,
John H. Dent, M. D.,
"   Royal T. Farrand, M. D.,
Henry M. Joy, M. D.,
Peter D. McNaughton, M. D.,
Richard R. Smith, M. D.,
' Henry C. Valentine, M. D.,
'93  William W. Pearson, M. D.,
'94  Alonzo Andrews, 2d,
James R. Arneill, IM. D.,
James F. Breakey, M. D.,
Calvin R. Elwood, M. D.,
"   Joseph Foster, MI. D.,
Stephen C. Glidden, M. D.,
Charles T. McClintock, M. D.,
Julian T. MIcClymonds, M. D.,
"   George E. McKean, MI. D.,
Edwin A. Murbach, M. I).,
"   George P. Wintermute,
'95  Thomas M. Cooley, M. D.,
Harry A. Haze, M. D.,
' John R. Rogers, M. ).,
'96  Chester B. Bliss, MA. I.,
Allen N. Borden, AI. I.,
"   Frank S. Bourns, M. ).,
' Harry L. R. Crnmmer,
Gilbert S. Furness, M. D.,
Lawrence C. Grosh, M. D.,
"   Saxe W. Mowers, M. D.,
Homer E. Safford, M. D.,
Harry E. Sauer,
" James W. VanDusen, M. D.,
97   Ralph N. Gorden, M. D.,
''  Howard A. Ijams, M. D.,
John H. Kincaid, M. D.,
Frederick P. Lawton, MI. D.,
William B. Lunn, M. D.,
"   George D. Perkins, Mi. D,
William A. Spitzley, M. D.,
" George B. Wallace, M. D.,
" Harry C. Watkins, M. D.,
Robert D. Wilson,
'98  Thomas S. Burr,
" Norton D. Coons,
John D. Covert,
" A. Ernest Gale,, Clarence A. Good,
Park Howell,
"   Mark S. Knapp,
"   Will MacLake,
" Herbert H. Waite,
'99  Philip D. Bourland,
"   Willis G. Cook,
"   Willard D. Hutchins,
" John V. Keogh,
"   Clarence W. Mehlhop,
"   Frank W. Nagler,
" Samuel Schultz,
"   Frederick T. Wright,




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


293


'oo  Harold M. Doolittle,        'oo  John Stoddard,
" Theodore A. Hoch,            "   Bert K. VanNaten,
George B. Lowrie,            'oI   Alfred C. Bartholomew.
"   Carl H. Lund,
Phi Rho Sigma, a medical-school fraternity, was founded
in i892 at the Northwestern University, and in addition to the
parent (Alpha) Chapter has these branches:       Beta,
Chicago College of Physicians and Surgeons; Gamma,
Lake Forest University; Delta, University of Southern
California; Epsilon, Detroit College of Medicine; and
Zeta, University of Michigan, established in June,
BADGE OF PHI I897. The local chapter occupies the house No. 538
RHO SIGMA.
Church street.   It has enrolled the following men,
among them Corydon F. Heard, '98m, of the University baseball
nine of I897:
'94  George M. Reese, M. D.,     '98  Archie A. Swinton,
Carleton D. Morris, M. D.,        Charles H. Williams,
Frederick W. Palmer, M. D.,  '99  Roy B. Canfield,
'97  Albert A. Church, M. D.,      "  William P. Harlow,
Herman R. Dewey, M. D.,          Downey L. Harris,
Stowell B. Dudley, M. D.,      "  Cabot Lull, Jr.,
"   Charles B. Gauss, M. D.,     "   Thomas K. Moore,
"   Benjamin W. Kelley, M. D.,   "   Martin A. Mortensen,
"   John A. Mapes, M. D.,        "   Hiram W. Orr,
'98  Howard B. Baker,             "   Andrew L. Swinton,
John M. Craig,                 "  Wesley E. Taylor,
'   Corydon F. Heard,           'oo  William A. Coventry,
"   William S. Jackson,          "   Joseph B. Palmer,
"   Jesse K. Marden,             ''  Herbert E. Peckham,
'   Horace Newhart,             'oi  Herbert B. Horton,
'   Joseph C. Scarborough,        "  Herbert S. Olney.
Phi Chi, a society in the School of Pharmacy, was organized
in I883, and now has a branch in the Northwestern University.
At Ann Arbor it occupies as a chapter house the dwelling 344 South Division street.   Professors Albert B.       -
Prescott, Victor C. Vaughan, Alviso B. Stevens, and
David L. Davoll, Jr., are honorary members, and the
society has already one regular member, Professor J.     BADGE OF
0. Schlotterbeck, '87, in the Faculty.  Following is the  PHI CHI.
roll, as compiled from the successive issues of Th e P a 11 ad iu m:
'84  Charles E. Bond,            '84  Herbert W. Snow, Ph. C.,
"   Franklin H. Frazee, Ph. C.,   "   Azor Thurston,
Llewellin H. Gardner, Ph. C.,  "  Albert T. Waggoner, Ph. C.,
"   Calvin P. Godfrey, Ph. C.,  '85  Frank M. Clark, Ph. C.,
*Adolph G. Hoffman, Ph. C.,    "  DeLagnel Haigh, Ph. C.,
Arthur G. Hopper, Ph. C.,      "   Benjamin J. Lauer, Ph. C.,
" Charles Hueber, Ph. C.,       "  Samuel J. North, Ph. C.,
"   *George P. Leamon, Ph. C.,    "  Willard F. Pett, Ph. C.,
20




294


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'85  Arthur S. Rogers, Ph. C.,
" Hugh Scott,
"   Albert W. Smith, Ph. C.,
"Henry M. Spencer, Ph. C.,
"   Laird J. Stabler, Ph. C.,
"   Edward A. Tupper, Ph. C.,
'86  Gordon A. Bowdish, Ph. C.,
Andrew J. Buckham, Ph. C.,
" *Edward W. Clark, Ph. C.,
Charles T. Haigh, Ph. C.,
'   Charles L. Stinchcomb
'   Edwin R. Stivers, Ph. C.,
William A. Zimmer,
'87  Herman L. Barie, Ph. C.,
Louis A. Dryfoss, Ph. C.,
" Richard S. Dupont, Ph. C.,
"   Jacob J. Haarer,
Samuel S. Hance, Ph. C.,
Fred J. Henning, Ph. C.,
Jennings Pemberton,
'*Julius 0. Schlotterbeck, Ph. C.,
Charles G. Shubel, Ph. C.,
'8S  Dorsey P. Horine, Ph. C.,
Charles F. Lawson,
Henry Levy, Ph. C.,
John H. Shaper, Ph. C.,
John A. Wesener, Ph. C.,
J. Burgess Whinery, Ph. C.,
Frank D. Wiseman, Ph. C.,
89   Henry A. Allshouse, Ph. C.,
"   Frank B. Ambler,
'   Warner P. Cary,
Starr K. Church, Ph. C.
"   William S. Lockwood, Ph. C.,
Firdinand E. Parkinson, Ph. C.,
"   George E. Steketee,
George L. VonKleine,
'9o  C. Wilson Baker, Ph. C.,
F. Wilford Baker, Ph. C.,
"   William E. Collins, Ph. C.,
Joseph M. Gries,
Theophil Klingmann, Ph. C.,
Otto P. Meyer, Ph. C.,
"   Wallace C. Palmer, Ph. C.,
0 O. Clayton Reed,
John G. Steketee,
95   Henry J. Bowerfind, Ph. C.,
4   Henry A. Herzer, Ph. C.,


'9i  Carl W. Jones,
" John N. Judy, Ph. C.,
"   James W. T. Knox, Ph. C.,
" Ernest G. Reese, Ph. C.,
" Wilbur B. Scott,
Edward E. Washburn, Ph. C.,
'96  James W. Ames, Ph. C.,
"   Ernest L. Curtis,
" Joseph M. Drew,
" Edward P. Graves, Jr.,
" Frank C. Hitchcock, Ph. C.,
"   Walter A. Parker,
" Edward L. Schmitt, Ph. C.,
"   Burton A. Sweet,
Roland B. Taber, Ph. C.,
'   Henry W. Taylor, Ph. C.,
Miles L. Trowbridge, Ph. C.,
"   Milton L. Trowbridge, Ph. C.,
" Elisha B. Williams, Ph. C.,
'a7  Ursa S. Abbott,
Fred J. Austin, Ph. C.,
Fred J. Baringer, Ph. C.,
George W. Beisel,
" Arthur L. Green,
"   P. Willis Hickman,
Frederic J. Klein,
" William H. Noll, Ph. C.,
"  Harry S. Stoddard, Ph. C.,
'98  John N. Adams,
Carl J. Biehl,
'   John A. Coram,
Mark B. Hawes,
" Leroy E. Minot,
" Leonard Short,
"   Philip Schaupner,
"   Will E. Sullivan,
"   Herbert E. Taber,
"   Sam H. Zimmerman,
'99  Lyman Barlow,
" Lavern O. Cushing,
"   Charles A. Duerr,
George Eckel,
Ralph Hicks, Jr.,
" Philip Kephart,
" Olney R. Morse,
William B. Saladin,
'oo  Henry C. Hitchcock,
"   Burton A. Sweet.


Delta Sigma Delta.-The Alpha Chapter of this, the earliest
fraternity of dental students, was founded at Michigan in 1882.
The sister branches are: Beta, Chicago College of Dental Surgery;
Gamma, Harvard University (Dental Department); Epsilon, University of Pennsylvania (Department of Dentistry); Zeta, University of California (College of Dentistry); Eta, Northwestern University Dental School; Theta, University of Minnesota (College of




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


295


Dentistry); Iota, Detroit College of Medicine (Dental Department); Kappa, Vanderbilt University (Dental Department); Lambda, Western Reserve University (Dental Department); Mu, Boston
Dental college; Nu, Kansas City Dental College. There are also "Auxiliary Chapters" in
Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Minneapolis, Cleveland, and Philadelphia. The total membership
of the society is about i,600. A quarterly magazine called D e s m o s is published by the order.
Turquoise-blue and garnet are the colors. The
chapter at Ann Arbor occupies the house 624
Packard street, and is accumulating a fund forBADGE OF DELTASIGMA
DELTA.
building. Upon its membership roll are the
following honorary initiates: Doctors Calvin S. Case, James Cleland, William H. Dorrance, George H. Field, James W. Gale,
C. H. Harroun, Nelville S. Hoff, Joseph Lathrop, Sr., William
Mitchell, Edward L. Moore, and Fred S. Whitslar. Among the
graduates are many well known dental surgeons, of whom William
Cleland, '84 d, of Detroit, and Louis P. Hall, '89, of our Dental
Faculty, are types. Upon the University baseball and football
teams the fraternity has been represented by F. R. Carson, '84 d,
E. V. Deans, '96 d, A. H. Kinmond, '98 d, and H. E. Lehr, '98 d.
A roll of the 156 regular members of Alpha Chapter follows:


'84  Franklin R. Carson, D. D. S.,
"  William Cleland, D. D. S.,
"   Lyndall L. Davis, D. D. S.,
Clarence J. Hand, D. D. S.,
" Charles W. Howard,
Louis M. James, D. D. S.,
" Ezra L. Kern, D. D. S.,
"*Donald D. Magill, D. D. S.,
"   Louis J. Mitchell, D. D. S.,
Francis W. Temple, D. D. S.,
Charles P. Weinrich, D. D. S.,
'85   Louis P. Bethel, D. D. S.,
Francis E. Cassidy,
E. Johnson Galbraith, D. D. S.,
George B. Haught, D. D. S.,
Henry C. Merrill, D. D. S.,
'  Willoughby B. Smith, D. D. S.,
Will H. Whitslar, D. D. S.,
'86   DeWitt C. Bacon,
Edmund K. Clements, D. D. S.,
'    V William A. Courtney, D. D. S.,
Harry W. Davis, D. D. S.,
Henry A. Dawley, D. D. S.,
"   George J. Dennis, D. D. S.,
Frank F. Douds, D. D. S.,


'86  William A. Hering,
Sandy H. Houston,
" Clifford F. Snyder, D. D. S.,
George H. Watson, D. D. S.,
"   Benjamin F. Yates, D. D. S.,
'87  Frank C. Babcock, D. D. S.,
Edward L. Dillman, D. D. S.,
"   Elmer L. Drake, D. D. S.,
David A. Harroun, D. D. S.,
"   William A. Wright, D. D. S.,
'88  *Clarence W. Berry, D. D. S.,
Rollin E. Drake, D. D. S.,
" Arthur N. Hart, D. D. S.,
"   Elmer B. Hause, D. D. S.,
"   Egbert T. Loeffler, D. D. S.,
"   Charles E. Meerhoff, D. D. S.,
"   Irvin Myers, D. D. S.,
Harry C. Nickels, D. D. S.,
Homer E. Parshall, D. D. S.,
Sherman F. Stauffer, D. D. S.,
'89  Edwin C. Clow,
"   Louis P. Hall, D. D. S.,
Horace N. Holmes, D. D. S.,
"   Jacob W. Jungman, D. D. S.,
"*Reuben J. Kirk, D. D. S.,




296


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'89  Frank E. Morey, D. D. S.,
"   Charles F. Noyes, D. D. S.,
"   Arthur M. Potter, D. D. S.,
DeWitt Spalsbury, D. D. S.,
"   Will S. Taylor,
'9o  Ernest Catt, D. D. S.,
George H. Copp, D. D. S.,
"   William C. Herbert,
"   John B. Keesing, D. D. S.,
" Melville W. Mason,
George Northcroft, D. D. S.,
(   William H. Siebert, D. D. S..
Fred S. Sizelan, D. D. S.,
" John H. Waterhouse, D. D. S.,
'91  Frederick W. Fleming, D. D. S.,
" *Frank S. Henry, D. D. S.,
" Alfred L. Sickler, D. D. S.,
"   Charles F. Stone, I). D. S.,
" Jonathan R. Taft, D. D. S.,
'92  Archibald W. Diack,
George Dilworth, D. D. S.,
"   Allison W. Haidle, D. D. S.,
"   Edward B. Spalding, D. D. S.,
93   Charles W. Adamson, D. D. S.,
"   Frank W. Boyer, D. D. S.,
" Charles A. Church, D. D. S.,
Herman Kreit, D. D. S.,
Greenbury A. Rawlings, D. D. S.
William H. Van Iderstine, D.D.S.,
William H. Van Deman, D. D. S.,
Milton T. Watson, D. D. S.,
"   Will L. Webster, D. D. S.,
94   Frederick H. Codding, D. D. S.,
James K. Douglas, D. D. S.,
"   Calvin R. Elwood,
" Homer F. Hussey, D. D. S.,
George W. Kenson, D. D. S.,
"   Allen H. Kessler, D. D. S.,
Joseph Lathrop, Jr., D. D. S.,
"   Walter C. McKinney, D. D. S.,
" Benjamin F- Pearce, D. D. S.,
" Charles T. Whinery, D. D. S.,
95   Douglas Anderson, D. D. S.,
Lewis E. Coonradt, D. D. S.,
"   Fred E. Dodge, D. D. S.,
John B. Dowdigan, D. D. S.,
Edmond Dnbuis, D. D. S.,
Albert L. LeGro, D. D. S.,
"   Frank E. McLaughlin, D. D. S.,
"   Henry P. O'Connor,
" Harry B. Respinger, D. D. S.,
*'  Clifford P. Sweny, D. D. S.,
" George McA. Tyng, D. D. S.,


'95  Frederick von Widekind, D. D. S.,
'96  Clarence H. Bailey, D. D. S.,
"   Edwin V. Deans, D. D. S.,
"   Charles A. Devlin, D. D. S.,
"   Stanford J. Farnum, D. D. S.,
"   Stanley A. Farnum, D. D. S.,
" Fred J. Hale, D. D. S.,
"   Burton T. Hunt, D. D. S.,
"   Raymond L. Williams, D. D. S.,
'97  James C. Blair, D. D. S.,
Frank R. Fletcher, D. D. S.,
" Frank W. Howlett, D. D. S.,
" Wendell H. Johnson, D. D. S.,
"   Frederick M. Joslin, D. D. S.,
"Frederick H. Leland, D. D. S.,
"   William R. Purmort, D. D. S.
"   Alfred J. Reed. D. D. S.,
"Delmer W. Stoup, D. D. S.,
"   Edward L. Vaile, D. D. S.,
James N. Vodrey, Jr., D. D. S.,
"Harry D. Watson, D. D. S.,
'98  Edward J. Anderson,
Roy Archbold,
Lyman S. Brown,
"   Wilton J. Hardy,
"   Alexander H. Kinmond,
"   Herbert E. Lehr,
"    Harry B. McMillan,
"   Edwin K. Medler,
"   Fred C. Miller,
"   Clarence E. Pease,
"   Joseph B. Stewart,
"   Fred G. Titus,
"   Thomas B. Van Home,
'99  Hilen D. Aldrich,
"   Arthur E. Alther,
"   Carroll F. Chase,
George M. Freeman,
"   Paul R. Furlong,
"   Claude E. Hathaway,
"   James C. Lowrie,
Clair G. Meseroll,
"   Edgar E. Nelson,
" Philip R. Thomas,
"   Benjamin W. Wells,
'oo Carl Bonham,
"   Bert G. Coggin,
"   Artemas B. Gray,.
"   Eugene P. Hall,
"   Carlos J. Light,
"   Lorne Moodie
"   Percy S. Peck.




PROFESSIONAL-SCHOOL FRATERNITIES


297


Xi Psi Phi.-This dental-school fraternity was founded at
our University in I889, and has spread into the following institutions: New York College of Dentistry, Philadelphia Dental College, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, University
of Iowa, University of Cincinnati, University of Maryland, Indianapolis College of Dental Surgery, University 'i
of California, Chicago College of Dental Surgery, and 'FL
Ohio Medical University. These branches are named 
in the regular order of the Greek alphabet. There are
about I,ooo members. Alpha, the chapter at Michigan, BADGE OF
XI PSI PHI.
occupies the house 408 East Washington street. It was
incorporated March 31, 1892. The following list of members was
compiled from the successive issues of T h e P a 11 a d i u m and T h e


Michiganensian:
93   Frank I. Ball, D. D. S.,
"   Herbert J. Burke, D. D. S.,
*" William J. Clark, D. D. S.,
"   Otis DeUrfae,
"   Jesse J. McMullen, D. D. S.,
"   Thomas B. Mercer, D. D. S.,
"   Charles L. Mitchell,
"   Mason Moyer, D. D. S.,
"   Fred M. Prettyman, D. D. S.,
"   Milton R. Stimson, D. D. S.,
'94  Gerald W. Collins, D. D. S.,
"   Frank B. Dawley, D. D. S.,
"   Alfred W. Hall, D. D. S.,
"   George E. Hathaway, D. D. S.,
John L. Hoover, D. D. S.,
"   Beaumont H. Kaighn,
"   Thomas A. Mclndoe, D. D. S.,
"   Robert B. McKenzie,
Frank L. Stow,
Harvey A. Sturdevant, D. D. S.,
"   Charles R. Vanderbelt, D. D. S.,
"   James Whiting,
95   Joseph H. Billmeyer, D. D. S.,
" J. Austin Bucknall, D. D. S.,
"   George F. Fiddyment, D. D. S.,
"   C. VanGarratt, D. D. S.
"   Arche G. Hicks, D. D. S.,
"   Arthur S. Kennedy, D. D. S.,
"   Jad H. F. Kuyper, D. D. S.,
"   Clarence F. Piper, D. D. S.,
"   Charles S. Preston,
"   Andrew R. Thorpe, D. D. S.,
"   Christian L. Thuerer, D. D. S.,
'06Robert R. Buckthorpe, D. D- S.,
' George F. Burke, D. D. S.,
"   James N. Clarke, D. D. S.,
"   Frank Day, D. D. S.,
"   Charles F. Fitch, D. D. S.,


'96  Charles A. Phillips, D. D. S.,
"   Will H. Roper, D. D. S.,
"   Frank J. Sheldon,
"   Charles E. Slagle, D. D. S.,
"   Morley P. Templar, D. D. S.,
"   Ralph L. Williams, D. D. S.,
"   Percy B. Wright, D. D. S.,
97   William Bruce,
"   Ernest E. Bubb,
"   Albert J. DuBois, D. D. S.,
"   Samuel W. Hussey, D. D. S.,
"   Cary E. Jaynes,
Frederick J. Klein, D. D. S.,
"   Frank D. Loomis, D. D. S.,
Roland S. Mitchell, D. D. S.,
Samuel K. Scharlott, D. D. S.,
Arthur M. Schurtz, D. D. S.,
"   Luman R. Slawson, D. D. S.,
Daniel Templar,
"   Albert J. Wildanger, D. D. S.,
'98  Arthur A. Baker,
James R. Davis,
"   D. Willard Flint,
Percy R. Glass,
"   Claude C. Goodes,
Chalmers J. Lyons,
"   Gail H. McFarland,
Don C. McKinney,
Guy R. Palmer,
Leslie W. Platt,
Lester G. Platt,
"   Thomas C. Reed,
"   Ralph J. Roper,
"   Ollie W. White,
'99  Arthur L. Baker,
Will C. Butler,
"   Wilfred D. Kirk,
" Fred C. Orvis,




298


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'99  Harry C. Orvis,          'oo  Archie W. Cook,
"   George M. Richardson,      "   Albert R. Hervey,
"   Samuel C. Sims,            "   Ray A. Horning,
"   Charles F. Steinbauer,     "   Marvin Houghton,
"   Clifford F. Stepp,         "  Charles Lord,
'oo  Earl M. Brown,             "   Robert P. Roe.
Mu Sigma Alpha.-This homoeopathic-medical fraternity
was organized late in i888, but did not make its formal appearance in public until Monday, February 4, I889.
There were eight founders.      It has prospered in
MMZAA     correspondence with the school which it represents.
u   It has neither rivals nor chapters. Doctors Hugo R.
Arndt, Charles A. Gatchell, Wilbert B. Hinsdale,
BADGE OF MU  Charles S. Mack, Daniel A. McLachlan, Henry L.
SIGMA ALPHA.
Obetz, Charles F. Sterling, and James C. Wood, are
honorary members of this order, which numbers among its regular
graduates Professors Roy S. Copeland, '89, and Charles W. Ryan,
'94. The following are known to be members:


'89 Roy S. Copeland, M. D.,
" Walter N. Fowler, M. D.,
( James A. McLachlan, M. D.,
"   Charles A. Macrum, M. D.,
'90 Ernest A. Clark, M. D.,
"   Andrew B. Nelles, M. D.,
'91   Arthur W. Burdick, M. D.,
"   John H. Harvey, M. D.,
"   Guert E. Wilder, M. D.,
'92   Ernest F. Gamble, M. D.,
"   Lewis B. Gardner, M. D.,
93    George F. Clark, Jr., M. D.,
" John L. Ireland,
F. Clifton Laur, M. D.,
( Henry M. Northam, M. D.,
"   Frank Rich, M. D.,
Milton T. Watson, D. D. S.,
Harvey G. Young, M. D.,
94    Charles A. Critchlow, M. D.,
"   Charles W. Ryan,
"   Glenn G. Towsley, M. D.,


'4   Burt D. Walker, M. D.,
95   William H. Atterbury, M. D.,
'97   Albert J. Elliott, M. D.,
'98   Charles Montague,
'   Clarence A. Schimansky,
S. Porter Tuttle,
99    S. Newton Babcock,
"Robert T. Johnson,
" William W. Jungels,
"   Dean W. Myers,
"   Hardy M. Piper,
"   Paul Thompson,
"   Tisdale S. Walker,
" Charles E. Wehrle,
'oo   Paul E. N. Greeley,
" Scott F. Dodge,
"   Harry D. Obert,
Harley A. Haynes,
'   Arthur S. Moore,
" George R. Owen.




CHAPTER XIII


CLASS SOCIETIES
Many causes have operated to prevent the development in
our University of a system of class societies similar to that which
is the characteristic feature of student life at
Yale. As the early classes with us were very
small, the fraternities planted at Ann Arbor in
1845 became of necessity four-year affairs;
whereas the same or similar Greek-letter fraternities at Yale from 1837 to 1844, and there preceded by senior-class secret societies, naturally
confined themselves sooner or later to the junior
class, which always afforded them plenty of BADGEOF KAPPASIGMA
EPSILON (YALE).
material.  Not before I870 were Michigan's
classes large enough to ensure the continued prosperity of an
order limited to one delegation; but by that time the four-year
fraternities had grown so strong that they could not be reduced to
a subordinate plane. That the so-called "Owl" came very near
to permanent success is true, yet the very fact that after living ten
years it was compelled to yield to the opposition of the Greekletter societies shows how hard it is for an order of its kind to survive at Ann Arbor.
As for freshman or sophomore societies they never have a
serious excuse for being where four-year fraternities exist. At
Dartmouth and at Amherst the lower-class orders
imported from Yale were successful so long only
as the regular fraternities were wholly or largely
confined to the upper classes; and so with us membership in the stronger and more honorable organization precludes attention to one of less importance.  If the fraternities would refrain from iniBADGE OF DELTA.
KAPPA (YALE). tiatlng new men until the opening or the middle
of sophomore year, there would be room for
several under-class societies; and the latter, if decently conducted,
would be useful factors in college life. But when composed of
men who owe allegiance to the full-course fraternities a freshman
or a sophomore society has no special field.




300


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


The Owls.-This senior-class society was founded in i860
by members of the class of '6i.      It is said to have been suggested
by Andrew    D. White, Yale '53,
then Professor of History in the
University, and    to  have been
modelled by him     after the plan;,       ~ of the Skull and Bones of Yale.
Fifteen men were to be chosen
in each class, but this number
was reached in '61 and '63 only,
_ —_-_'_' ~,",  J^ —r.      and there were but ten men in
'66.  Among the members were
Ex-Ambassador Uhl; Ex-Regent
Barbour; Judges Swan, Coolidge,
=.l^ ^       ~and   Kinne; Representative     in
*=-""-  ^Congress Snover; Ex-President
^555                  Harrington of the University of
VIGNETTE OF THE OWLS.        Washington; Professors D'Ooge
and Walter of Michigan, Hurd
of Johns Hopkins, Campbell of Dartmouth, Blackburn of Chicago,
and Rising of California; Messrs. Utley, Grant, and Hart of Detroit; and many other distinguished graduates.
Both because it hurt the feelings of the non-elect, and because
it threatened vested interests, the society was violently attacked.
The   following  extract from   the   University Magazine for
March, 1862, shows how       the Owl was regarded by part of the
student body.
" There appeared in our midst last year a Secret Society in the Senior Class.
It was composed of members of different societies. It was not noticed much, until
it was noised around that the members called themselves the best men in College.
Each man, it seemed, was a committee to extol and praise every member except
himself.....           This year it has appeared again..         By
the aid of dashes and names of men who do not belong to the College, it makes
the sacred fifteen. They style themselves variously '555's', 'Owls', and 'Sons
of Minerva'. They like the latter appellation best, however. It places them
above the vulgar rabble and on a footing with gods.....       The spirit
of their constitution is, to elevate themselves at the expense of others. It is a
mutual admiration fraternity; a you-tickle-me-and-I'll-tickle-you-society. This is
its plan. Its members come from the different secret societies. These secret societies are not supposed to be very friendly to one another. Hence a member of one
society can easily praise certain members of another with an apparent show of fairness. For instance, a Beta Thet. sticks his impertinant phiz in any place he gets a
chance, and says that there are only three or four Delta Kaps who know anything
at all, the rest are all asses. A Delta Kap says the same of the Beta Thets; an
Alpha Delt. speaks in this way of Delta Kaps and Beta Thets; and so it goes on
in the rogues' circle....     In the class it is a clique that sneers and scoffs
at all honest merit outside of its own organization".




CLASS SOCIETIES


30I


As the "555" began to gain something of the prestige and
influence of its Yale prototype, the Greek-letter orders grew uneasy.
Sigma Phi expelled two men for joining it; Alpha Delta Phi stood
aloof after I866; and although D. K. E. and Psi Upsilon remained
friendly, more than half of the '69 delegation was supplied by the
so-called neutrals. Men were secured from '70 and also from '7I,
but the names of the members in those classes were not recorded
in the P a 1 adiu m.   Indeed, the last appearance of the order in
the annual mentioned was in I869, after which date the career of
the Owls is shrouded in mystery even deeper than that which characterized its earlier life.  No elections were conferred upon the
class of '72, and the order became dormant in June, I87I.       It is
remarkable for the affection with which its members regard it.
Following is the roll, from which are omitted the delegations in '70
and '7I:
'6I  *Frederic Arn,               '63   Conway W. Noble,
William H. Beadle,             "   George P. Peck,
"   Samuel M. Billings,               Delos Phillips,
Benjamin F. Blair,            "   Stephen Powers,
Charles H. Denison,            "   James L. Taylor,
'   William E. Crume,             "   *George S. White,
Isaac H. Elliott,             '64  George S. Albee,
"   Edward S. Jackson,             "  *William S. Brewster,
'   John C. Johnson,               "    Arthur Everett,
"   Henry B. Landon,              "   William A. Ewing,
" John S. Lord,                     Schuyler Grant,
'   Samuel R. B. Lord.            "   Joseph C. Hart,
Moses K. Rosebrugh,             "  Zina P. King,
Henry M. Utley,                    Edward D. Kinne,
"  *Thomas B. Weir,                  Herbert A. Lee,
'62  H. Austin Burt,                "   Henry D. Smith,
Charles Chandler, Jr.,             S. Consider Stacy,
"   *John E. Colby,                    Shubael F. White,
Martin L. D'Ooge,                   * Clarence E. Wilbur,
" Edward A. Fay,               '6    Abram J. Aldrich,
*H. Dewey Follett,             "   Oscar P. Bills,
'   *Theodore H. Hurd,             "   Gabriel Campbell,
*Aaron C. Jewett,                   Charles A. Dudley,
*W. Eugene Nelson,                 William J. Maynard,
"  *Albert Nye,                      Homer C. Powers,
"   Moses K. Rosebrugh,            "   William H. Barnes,
'   Henry H. Swan,                '    *Edward C. Boudinot,
Edwin F. Uhl,                   "   James D. H. Cornelius,
'63  J. Clement Ambrose,                Sanford B. Ladd,
Levi L. Barbour,                    *Samuel R. McLean,
*Levi J. Brown,                '   *Delos Phillips,
Orville W. Coolidge,               *J. Barnes Root,
*C. Stuart Draper,                 Charles A. Sanford,
"   Lincoln T. Farr,             '66  James K. Blish,
'   Clark Gray,                    "   Gabriel W. Crutcher,
"   William S. Harroun,           "    William C. Frew,
T    1rvM 1 lrrl Ax T-T.nrv W               FTl-hhar.


ll~LlILy ).*, AAM-U

riilr; 111  vv1UJ  al.  U 




302


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'66  *Edwin D. Kelley,            '68  Oliver H. Dean,
A. Eugene Mudge,                   Mark W. Harrington,
"   John W. Remington,                Edward L. Hessenmueller,
*James M. Scott,                   Edward S. Jenison,
"   Henry Smith,                      Willard A. Kingsley,
" George S. White,                  *John C. Magill,
'67  William H. Brown,                 Humphrey H. C. Miller,
Wellington Carleton,               Galusha Pennell,
George E. Church,                 Rollin J. Reeves,
*Isaac N. Elwood,                  Edward L. Walter,
Lester 0. Goddard, Jr.,      '69  Sidney Brownsberger,
Milton Jackson,               "   William J. Darby,
George L. Maris,                  Samuel Hayes,
*Isaac N. Otis.               "   J. Eugene Hinman,
Joseph H. Reid                "   Allen M. Hurty,
Willard B. Rising,            "   Theodore F. Kerr,
" John A. Rollins               "   *George B. Lake,
*James Steel,                 "   Benjamin L. C. Lothrop,
Edward W. Wetmore,            "   Charles E. Otis,
'68  William K. Anderson,          "   Horace G. Snover,
Wickliffe W. Belville,        "   Thomas C. Taylor,
Francis A. Blackburn,         "   *John Whiting,
"   Edward C. Burns,              "   Alfred E. Wilkinson.
Sigma Tau was a society founded in 1867 and confined to
the class of '70.  "The initiations and the disorders of exercises
cannot be described ", said the chronicler of the class.
Delta Sigma Phi was a senior society which began and ended
with thirteen members of the class of 'go, not all of whom, by
the way, were actually seniors when the society was founded.
These were the members, most of whom were from Alpha Delta
Phi, D. K. E., or Psi Upsilon:
g90  Charles T. Alexander,        '90  Edwin F. Gay,
"   James R. Angell,-             "   Paul R. Gray,
"   William D. Ball,              "   Walter L. Mann,
"   Dugald Brown,                 "   William L. Page,
"   Benjamin P. Bourland,         "   William B. Ramsay,
" Frederick W. Crane,           "   John R. Rogers.
" Royal T. Farrand,
The Satyrs, another senior-class society, was started by
men of '94, and it ended with them.    Of its ten members three belonged to D. K. E., two to Sigma Phi, two to Zeta Psi, two to Psi
Upsilon, and one to Alpha Delta Phi. The society was received
with great disapprobation by one of the leading fraternities, and
steps were taken to prevent further accessions to it from that
source. Following is the roll of members:
'94  Thomas B. Bradfield,         '94   Robert E. Jones,
George J. Cadwell,             "   Frank W. Pine,
"   William B. Canfield,          "   Henry M. Senter,
"   Robert F. Hall,               "   George T. Tremble,
"   Alfred H. Hunt,               "   Edward L. Watrous.




CLASS SOCIETIES


303


Omicron Phi was a junior-class society, which was founded
in I889-90 for the purpose of uniting in social intercourse sixteen
fraternity men of the junior class, and of giving an occasional
german. Only two delegations were received into the order. Of
the members Alpha Delta Phi had nine, Psi Upsilon seven, D. K.
E. five, Sigma Phi five, Zeta Psi four, and Phi Kappa Psi three.
A small monogram of 0 0 of gold was worn as a badge by the
members, whose names follow:
'91  Frank R. Ashley,           '92  Fitzhugh Burns,
" George P. Codd,             "   Harry E. Chandler,
'   Thomas B. Cooley,           "   James E. Ferris,
"   James M. Crosley,           "   William M. Johnstone,
"   John R. Effinger, Jr.,          David W. McMorran,
" Carl K. Friedman,           "   William R. Murray,
Theodore H. Hinchman, Jr.,   "   Frederic S. Porter,
John A. Jameson, Jr.,        "   George G. Prentis,
Chancey R. Lamb,            "   Alfred D. Rathbone, Jr.,
"   Harrison B. McGraw,         "   Frederic L. Sherwin,
Loyal L. Munn, Jr.,         "   Frank C. Smith,
" Samuel C. Park,             "   Richard R. Smith,
" Frederick S. Richmond,      "   James Vanlnwagen, Jr.,
Edward H. Smith,             "   William E. Walter,
Rufus C. Thayer,             "   Carl C. Warden,
"   Edward J. Woodworth,        "   Edward D. Wickes.
Cord and    Magnet.-This was a sophomore social club,
which had for a badge a tiny horseshoe of gold encircled by a
cord.  The society had sixteen members in the class of '93,
divided thus: Alpha Delta Phi five; D. K. E. and Psi Upsilon each
four; Chi Psi, Beta Theta Pi, and Phi Kappa Psi one apiece. Following are the names:
'93  William H. Andrews,        '93  John C. Loomis,
Edward S. Beck,              "   Dwight C. Morgan,
Henry P. Dodge,             "   C. A. Newcomb, Jr.,
" Frank R. Gilchrist,         "   Edward L. Sanderson,
"   Frank P. Graves,            '   Arthur Vanlnwagen,
" Samuel S. Harris,           "   John VanNortwick,
" George E. Howes, Jr.,       "   Laurence J. Whittemore,
" Rufus G. Lathrop,           "   Edwin C. Wilkinson.
Theta Nu Epsilon.-This sophomore fraternity was founded
at Wesleyan University in I87o. A Beta Chapter was instituted at
Syracuse in I874, and a Gamma at Union in I876.
Many other branches have been established elsewhere,
but not a few of them  have fallen through Faculty displeasure.  The chief manifestations of the society are
elaborately absurd initiations, and midnight pranks of
an exaggeratedly sophomoric type. Upsilon, the Michigan branch, was organized in I892 under the auspices T.N.E. BADGE




3o4


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


of students who had been initiated at other colleges. About twenty
members were admitted from each college class, all the initiates
being fraternity men, and D. K. E. having a large representation.
Psi Upsilon refused to allow its members to join "T. N. E."
Toward the close of 1894-95 the chapter became dormant,
although it is said, four men were initiated in 1897. The names
of the initiates, as far as can be ascertained, are these:
'94  Elmer E. Beal,              '95  Charles H. Morse, Jr.,
Thomas P. Bradfield,             Earle Munson,
Vincent R. Dwyer,             "  James 0. Murfin,
" Hiram G. Effinger,           "   Charles H. Parkes,
James S. Henton,             "   William H. Perkins,
Alfred H. Hunt,                   George B. Russel,
Marion T. Hyatt,              "  Bertram S. Varian,
Carlin Phillips,              "   Stewart E. White,
Frank W. Pine,               "   Carl B. Williams,
Hiram Powers,               '96  Norman T. Bourland,
" Charles W. Sencenbaugh,         IHarry A. Cole,
" Dietrich C. Smith, Jr.,          Arthur G. Cummer,
" Fred H. Standt,              "   Waldo E. Cummer.
" George T. Tremble,           "   Charles P. Davis,
Lloyd J. Wentworth,          "   Charles F. Drake,
Ernest H. Warren,                 Dexter AM. Ferry, Jr.,
" Harry F. Worden,             "   Raynor S. Freund,
'95  Josiah W. Begole,            "   Edmund R. Harrington,
" Philip D. Bourland,          "   Herbert W. Landon,
"  Rex R. Case,                "   William B. MacHarg.
John C. Condon,              "   George A. Marston,
" Charles C. Conrad,           "   Frank E. Miller,
" Stuart E. Galbraith,         "   Harry G. Nicol,
Clark C. Hyatt,              "   Henry B. Otis,
Fred King,                   "   Frank H. Petrie,
" Harry L. L. Lyster,              William T. Phillips,
Robert W. Manly,             "   Ben C. Rich,
" Samuel Medbury,              "   Albert W. Russell,
Frank C. Merrill,             "   Lloyd C. Whitman.
Gamma Kappa Epsilon, originally a freshman society, and
afterwards a four-year affair, but always addicted to innocuous diabolism, was founded in 1876 by nine freshmen, Alien, Ambrose,
Deacon, DuShane, Mitchell, Parker, Reynick, Thompson, and
Webster. Its men were drawn quite evenly from Chi Psi, D. K. E.,
Sigma Phi, Zeta Psi, and Psi Upsilon. It seems to have passed
away unlamented after the graduation of '83.   Following is the list
of members:
'80  J. S. Ambrose,              '8I  C. T. Brace,
"   A. S. Deacon,                "   Samuel Chandler,
"   S. H. DuShane,               "   C. H. Kumber,
C. S. Mitchell,                 "  F. C. Mandell,
" C. J. Reynick,               "   D. L. Parker,
"   E. L. Webster,               "   H. C. Richardson,
'81  F. G. Alien,                     W. M. Thompson,




CLASS SOCIETIES


3o05


'82  F. E. Baker,                 '83   Ralph Metcalf,
B. P. Brodie,                  "     C. M. Sherman,
C. L. Coffin,                  "  E. C. Strong,
C. S. Collins,                 "   C. T. Wilkins,
R. M. Cooley,                 "   J. T. Winship,
F. W. Davenport,               "  T. F. Wormwood,
W. L. Loveland,              '84  W. J. Abbott,
J. H. Norton,                  "  F. L. Beeson,
" F. A. Robinson,                "   B. G. Brown,
T. W. Sargent,                 "   Clarence Conely,
H. G. Sherrard,                "   H. 0. Crane,
F. D. Weeks,                   "   H. F. Forbes,
" F. G. Whiting,                 "   L. B. Hanchett,
G. B. Whitney,                '85  F. K. Ferguson,
'83  E. A. Barnes,                  "   C. H. Hills,
"I T. J. Lynch,                    "   H. S. Oakley,
H. A. Mandell,                 "   C. F. Pettibone,
W. C. Marsh,                   "   R. M. Seeds,
L. K. Merrill,                 "   Delos Thompson.
Omega Nu.-This was a freshman society, founded in I890.
It kept up an existence more or less active through the four years
spent by '94 at Ann Arbor, and it gave no elections to the class of
'95. There were sixteen members:
'94  G. H. Angell,                 94  H. C. James,
T. P. Bradfield,               "   W. L. Maas,
" C. N. Church,                  "   S. F. Mason,
G. S. Crane,                   "  Carlin Phillips,
V. R. Dwyer,                   "   D. L. Quirk, Jr.,
H. G. Effinger,                "   B. C. Robinson,
A. H. Hunt,                     "   C. W. Sencenbaugh,
" M. T. Hyatt,                   "   D. C. Smith, Jr.




CHAPTER XIV


COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS
Only a few days after the admission of women into the University occurred the foundation, in an Indiana college, of Kappa
Alpha Theta, the prototype of the Greek-letter sisterhoods. This
was in January, I870. Five years later some of the young women
at Ann Arbor were asked to join in forming a chapter of the
society mentioned; but they declined on the ground that a secret
order would lead to dissention among the exponents of co-education. This argument lost its force as the number of female students increased; The Chronicle of November 23, 1878, mentioned as in circulation a report that " the co-eds are to have a
secret society after the manner of the boys"; and, toward the close
of 1879, the Eta of Kappa Alpha Theta made its appearance.
Thereupon The Chronicle of December 20, 1879, declared that
"Since the advent of the new secret society the boys have only
one remaining advantage over the co-eds, and that is the possession
of the back seats in Psychology; but without doubt this last prerogative will soon be wrested from them ". The new movement was
so quiet and unostentatious that it at first attracted little attention.
Before long the stage of ridicule was reached.  "It is reported",
says one of the town papers of the time, "that on moonlight nights
a large Maltese cat can be seen frolicking about in a certain section of the city. It is tailless, and has its fur so clipped as to
leave in bold relief on its back the Greek letters K A 0. Whence
came the animal?"  "Last Saturday evening", says a veracious
college journal, "two new members were introduced into the mysteries of the Kappa Alpha Theta. Pussy-wants-a-corner was one
of the games".
Despite ridicule, perhaps because of it, the original feminine
sodality of Michigan grew and flourished. A rival, the Gamma
Phi Beta, appeared in I882; and another, Delta Gamma, was
organized in 1885. In the latter year the Michigan members of
Kappa Alpha Theta became dissatisfied with the fraternity at large,
and, having surrendered their charter, they became in i886 the
collegiate branch of the New York Sorosis. In i888 a fifth sisterhood, the Michigan Beta of Pi Beta Phi, was instituted in the Uni



COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


307


versity. This was followed by Kappa Kappa Gamma in 1890, by
Alpha Phi in (892, and by Delta Delta Delta in 1894. In I893
Kappa Alpha Theta was reestablished; and as all the others have
lived uninterrupted lives there are now among the women of the
academic department eight societies, seven of which are chapters
of secret Greek-letter orders elsewhere founded. Sorosis is nominally non-secret, and is strictly local. A description of each of the
women's societies follows.
Kappa Alpha Theta.-This, the earliest Greek-letter society
of women, was founded at Asbury (now DePauw) University, January 27, 1870, by Bettie Locke (Hamilton), '71, Alice Allen
(Brant), '7I, Bettie Tipton (Lindsey), '7t, and Jennie Fitch
(Shaw), '73. It has had in all thirty-two chapters
of which twenty-one are active, and are in the following institutions: DePauw, Indiana, Wooster,
Michigan, Cornell, Kansas, Vermont, Allegheny, 
Hanover, Nebraska, Northwestern, Minnesota,      6
Syracuse, Wisconsin, California, Leland Stanford, 
Jr., Swarthmore, Ohio State, Illinois, Women's
College of Baltimore, and Brown. The eleven
dormant branches were at Moore's Hill College,
Butler, Illinois Wesleyan, Ohio, Simpson, Albion, BADGE OF KAPPA
ALPHA THETA.
Ohio Wesleyan, Wesleyan, Southern California,
Toronto, and University of the Pacific. The total membership is
somewhat more than 2,000  Black and gold are the colors, the
pansy is the society flower, and a magazine called The Kappa
Alpha Theta is issued quarterly.  Eta Chapter, the pioneer of
the feminine orders at Ann Arbor, was instituted December Io,
1879, with six charter members, Carrie C. Parrish, Alice VanHoosen, Jane Eyer, Charlotte L. Hall, Hattie M. Collier, and
Laura Hills. In i885-86 the undergraduates, with the co-operation of certain alumni, gave up their charter, and the Eta remained
dormant until, at the general convention of the society held at
Chicago in July, 1893, nine Michigan students who had united for
the purpose of reviving the chapter were initiated as chartermembers. Miss Katharine E. Coman, '80, Professor of Political
Economy in Wellesley College; Mrs. Minnie Clark Dennis, '87,
wife of Professor Dennis of Cornell; and Mrs. Henry C. Adams,
'88, of Ann Arbor, are among the members of the local chapter.
Its "patronesses" are Mesdames M. L. H. Walker, J. H. Brewster, and Floyd R. Mechem. The chapter-house is Ioo8 Hill street.
Following is the Michigan roll:




308


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'76 Louise M. Reed (Stowell), B. S.,
'77 M. Louise Hall (Walker), Ph. B.,
'8o Katherine E. Coman, Ph. B.,
"   Carrie C. Parrish, A. B.,
'81  Jane Eyer (Smoot), A. B.,
'82  *Hattie M. Coliier,
"   Laura Hills (Norton), Ph. B.,
'83 Lee Bird (Barron),
" Linda E. Harris,
"   Florence May Lyon,
" Carrie C. Smith (Curme),
'84 Bessie P. Hunt,
'85  *Fanny L. Wassail,
'86 Emma P. Stephenson (Marble),
'87  Minnie 0. F. Clark (Dennis),A.B.,
'88  Bertha H. Wright (Adams), A. B.,
'92  Mamah B. Borthwick, A. B.,
'93 Martha H. Chadborne, Ph. B.,
'94 Jessie I. Beal,
"   Jessie Harris,
"   Gertrude Hull,
'95 Winnifred R. Craine, B. L.,
Fanny A. Gale,
"   Mabel G. Gale,
Lina K. Gjems, Ph. B.,
"   Louise M. Harris, Ph. B.,
Myra M. Post, B. L.,


'95  Alice E. Wadsworth, B. L.,
'96  Kate A. Landfair,
Bertha Hull,
" Nellie E. McCaughan.
"   Grace McNoah,
'97 Edna L. Paddock, B. S.,
"   Minerva B. Rhines, B. L.,
"   Dorotheo Roth,
" Mary R. Swope,
"   Harriette C. Waller,
'98 Irene M. Blanchard,
" Editha L. Dann,
"Matilda A. Harrington,
" Susan F. Patterson,
" Maud Philips,
" Edith L. Rice,
"Clara Wilson,
'99  Louise R. Gibbs,
"   Anna L. Harris,
Carrie B. Mowry,
"Mary L. Reid,
'oo  Jeannette Blanchard,
"   Katherine E. Veit,
"   Charlotte H. Walker,
'or  Margaret Jones,
"   Grace L. Moore,
" Jane V. Pollack.


Anna H. Adams, Ph. B. 'go; Arletta L. Warren, now a graduate student; and Kate M. Johnson, 'oo m, are members of other
chapters of Kappa Alpha Theta.
Gamma Phi Beta.-This sisterhood was founded in 1874
at Syracuse University by Helen M. Dodge, '76, Frances E.
Haven, '77, E. Adelaid Curtis, '78, and Minnie A. Bingham, '78.
It was favored from the outset by Chancellor
Haven, who gave to the society its open motto.
The chapters are: Alpha, Syracuse; Beta, Michigan; Gamma, Wisconsin; Delta, Boston; Epsilon, Northwestern; Zeta, Baltimore; Eta, CaliforZ^3JJ1    nia; and Theta, Denver. There are about 550
BADGE OF GAMMA members.  Light-fawn and seal-brown are the
PHI BETA.
colors, and the society flower is the carnation.
Beta, the Michigan branch, instituted in I882, is the oldest of the
women's societies at Ann Arbor if continuous existence be considered. The chapter house is 720 S. State street. Mrs. Isadore T.
Scott, '84, wife of Professor F. N. Scott, is one of the alumni.
The entire roll, which includes nineteen classes and o10 members,
follows:




COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


309


'83  Grace Darling (Madden), Ph. B.,
"   Clara Weir (Stockley), Ph. B.,
'84  *Elizabeth G. Cornell (Stebbings),
B. L.,
"   Jane Emerson (Miller), A. B.,
"   Myra Pollard, A. B.,
"   Delia Rood (Doty),
*Jenny Scranton, A. B.,
Isadore Thompson (Scott), A. B.,
'85  Minnie Hamilton (Grosvenor),
"   Mary B. Putnam, Ph. B.,
"   Jessica T. Washburn,
'86  Nettie C. Daniels, A. B.,
"   Dennie G. Dowling,
"   Alice Parks (Hinshilwood), A. B.,
"   Sarah Satterthwaite (Leslie), A. B.,
"   Loraine Westbrook,
'87  Estelle L. Guppy, A. M.,
"   M. Ruth Guppy, B. S.,
"   Violet D. Jayne, A. B.,
"   Gertrude Stevens (Lewis), B. S.,
"   Ruth Sunderland (Hodge),
'88  Alice M. Hosmer (Preble), A. B.,
'   Achsa S. Parker, A. B.,
Honta B. Smalley, A. B.,
'89  Isabella M. Andrews (Talley), A.B.
"   Helen M. Fallows,
"   Mabel L. Randall,
'90  Faith Helmer (Parks), Ph. B.,
"   Margaret M. Hunt, A. B.,
"   Edith Stevens )Fitzgerald),
"   Anna Yeaton (Miller),
'9r  Frances Atkins,
"   Emma M. Ballentine (Hinchman),
A. B.,
"   Mary Harnard,
" Mary E. Sanborn, Ph. B.,
'92  Gertrude Bundy (Parker), A. B.,
"   Mary A. Ford (Armstrong),
" Ada Gilbert (Close), B. L.,
"   Louise Randolph (Gay), A. B.,
"   Cornelia Steketee (Hulst),
'93  Rosetta Anderson,
"   Alice Beckwith (Thompson),
"   Maude B. Bedell, A. B.,
"   Mary Carpenter, Ph. B.,
"   Margaret Cahill (Bartholomew),
"   Mary C. Colver (West), B. L.,
"   Augusta H. Durfee (Flintermann),
A. B.,
"   Grace Ford (Todd),
"   Jennie B. Sherzer, Ph. B.,
"   Mary Eloise Walker, A. B.,


'94  Frill G. Beckwith,
"   Sara den Bleyker (Van Deman),
B. S.,
'   June Carpenter (Greeley), Ph. B.,
"   Maude Hicks,
Annah M. Soule, B. L.,
Anna M. Wiley,
'95 Elsie G. Anderson,
"   Marie L. Goodman, Ph. B.,
" Cora F. Reilly (Beck), B. L.,
Helen Randall (Kidder),
Esther Rich, B. L.,
"   Lillian Thompson,
'96  Grace L. Collins, Ph. B.
Helen L. Douglas, Ph. B.,
"   Rob Hanson (Hyde),
"   Edith M. Kimball, Ph. B.,
"   Bessie B. Larrabee, A. B.,
"   Emma J. MacMorran, Ph. B.
"   Georgien E. Mogford, A. B.,
"   Harriet S. Taylor,
"   Isabella Hosie,
'97  Martha W. Bancker,
"   Margaret A. Douglas (Bement),
"   Edna M. Holbrook, B. S.,,"   Abigail Hubbard,
"   Zayde Spencer (Molitor),
'98  Esther Braley,
"   Lillian J. Cole,
"   Josephine Daniels,
"   Emelie A. Flintermann,
Grace F. Goodman,
"   Eva J. Hill,
"   Esther Kinne,
"   Erma Wheeler,
"   Mary E. Young,
'99  Katherine E. Ballentine,
"   Winnifred A. Hubbell,
" Frances L. Petit,
'oo Edna Burington,
t   Ruth Burington,
" m Caroline B. Colver,
"   Sadie A. Platt,
"   Lorette Sherman,
'or  Lucy C. Davis,
"   Ida Louise Holden,
"   Jessie M. Horton,
"   Mabelle Leonard,
Mabelle F. Randolph,
R. Winifred Sunderlin.
"Constance E. B. Webber,
"   Leonora Yeager.


Delta Gamma owes its origin to four students who founded
it in 1872 at the University of Mississippi.  The parent chapter
was called Psi, and became dormant in 1889. Branches now exist
in Buchtel, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Mt. Union, Northwestern,
21




3Io


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Albion, Cornell, Michigan, Colorado, Iowa, Nebraska, Women's
College of Baltimore, and Leland Stanford, Jr.; thirteen in all.
Besides there are fourteen inactive chapters.  The total membership is about 2o00.  Pink, blue, and bronze are
the colors, and the pearl rose has been adopted as
the fraternity flower.  A  quarterly magazine, the
Anchor a, represents the interests of the Society.
Xi, the Michigan branch, was instituted in 1885.
It rents and occupies the house I309 Wilmot street,
has enrolled as honorary members the late Mrs.
Gayley Brown, Mrs. Henry S. Carhart, Mrs. Mark
BADGE OF  W. Harrington, Mrs. Charles B. Nancrede, Mrs.
DELTA GAMMA.
Albert B. Prescott, Mrs. Mortimer E. Cooley, and
Mrs. Frank B. Lillie, and has the following list of regular mem

bers, seventy in all:
'85  Mary E. Thompson (Stevens),A.B.,'95
'S   Clara V. Grover (Tappan), A. B., 
'87  Helen L. Lovell (Million), A. B., 
'88  Blanche Epler,                 '96
"  *Fannie T. Mulliken (Thompson), 
Ph. B.,
'   Lizzie H. Northup (Avery), B. L., 
'89  Clarissa S. Bigelow, Ph. B., 
Bertha A. Joslyn (Burrows), B. L., ",
Josephine Milligan, M. D..      97
Lizzie I. Shiell (Hause), A. B.,
"   Zada J. Wilson, Ph. B.,
'90   Florence E. Wilson (Hall), Ph.B., "
'9r  Minnie T. Buick(Van Dusen),B.L., "
Marie Fleming (Sullivan), A. B., 'gS
Ida Z. Hibbard (Everson), B. L., 
"  Harriet A. Lovell, A_ B.,
'92  Katherine R. Carlisle,
"   Martha F. Eddy, Ph. D.,
Ernestine Krolik (Kahn), Ph. B.,
Ada Zarbell, A. B.,
'93  Maude Parsons, A. B.,         '99
"  Florence H. Pope   (Wolverton),"
Ph. B.,
"   Mary F. Power, Ph. B., 
94   Carolyn P. Adams (Griffith), 
" Flora G. Barnes (Munger), Ph. M., "
"   Katharine L. Angell, 
" Rose E. Mills,                'oo
"   Almira A. Prentice, A. B., 
" Gertrude Richardson (Carson),   "
Stella L. Wood,
'95  Florence E. Barnard, A. B., 
Anna R. B. Bayer,              'or
*Mabel Colton, A. B.,
"   Bessie L. Hopkins, Ph. B.,      "


Carlotta E. Pope, Ph. B.,
Mae H. Purmost (McBratney),
Lurene Seymour, Ph. B.,
Susie H. Allen, Ph. B.,
Artena M. Chapin, A. B.,
Maud I. Cooley (Seeley), A. B.,
Helen Dryer, A. B.,
Elizabeth A. Eberle,
Caroline M. Taylor,
Sara S. Browne, Ph. B.,
Agnes Burton,
Bell Krolik, Ph. B.,
Anna T. McLaughlan, A. B.
Inez C. Perrin, A. B.,
Julia M. Angell,
Clara R. Bell,
Gertrude A. Boynton,
Mary E. DeVeny,
Harriette Harlan,
Margaret Thain,
Cornelia A. Wilding,
Anne M. Barnard,
Laura Dolese,
Elsa King,
Helen M. St. John,
Lucy HI. Seeley,
Ruth L. Smith,
Marion Stickney,
Genevieve L. Derby,
Henriette Pagelson,
Ruby Richardson,
Ada M. Safford,
Clara Scott,
Katharine Hine,
Frances Fugate
Kate Young.




COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


3"


Sorosis.-In June, I886, former members of the Eta (Michigan) Chapter of Kappa Alpha Theta, who had become dissatisfied
with that intercollegiate sisterhood, accepted a charter from the
New York Sorosis.  Most of the alumni of '84 and '85 joined the
undergraduates in their movement. Unembarrassed by
branches in other and perhaps undesirable institutions, 
the Collegiate Sorosis (as it is called to distinguish it ~5Y
from its parent) is very flourishing.  In 1896 an incor- 0!
poration under the name of "The Sorosis Club of
Michigan" was effected, and a building-site in Washtenaw avenue was purchased for $2,000. Yellow and    SOROSIS.
white are the society colors. The emblem is the pineapple.  Mrs. Jennie June Croly is an honorary member, and Mrs.
James B. Angell, Mrs. George S. Morris, Mrs. P. R. B. de Pont,
and Mrs. Victor C. Vaughan are associate members. The wives
of Professors Pattengill, Patterson, Worcester, and Freer, were
members during their college lives, as also was the wife of President Henry Wade Rogers of Northwestern University.  There are
in all I20 members, as follow:


'So  Alice Van Hoosen (Jones) A. B.,
'SI  Charlotte L. Hall (Eastman),
'    Carrie C. (Smith) Curme,
'84  Nellie M. Fishback (Wait),
*Clementine L. Houghton (Lupinski), B. L.,
Isabella H. Hull, A. B.,
Lydia A. Mitchell (Creager),
'   Francis M. Skinner (Winship),
*   Bertha VanHoosen, A. B.
L   'Jessie B. Wood,
'S5  Caroline P. Bell (Stevens), A. B.,
Nellie Borland, Ph. B.,
*Emma D. Healey,
'6   Alice Borland,
"  Harriet A. Chipman (Dewey)Ph.B.,
"   Ella D. Cochran (Merrill),
Portia Goodson, A. B.,
Winnogene Ramsdell (Scott),
Emma F. Stephenson (Marble),
"   "Eliza P. Underwood, A. B.,
(   Bessie E. West (Pattengill),
'87  Nellie B. Haire (Levinson), A. B.,
"   Katherine M. West, A. B.,
'SS  Katharine H.Gower (Hatch),A.B.,
"  Martha P. Merwin, A. B.,
julia C. Skinner (Thompson),
Laura E. Whitley (Moore) A. B.,
"   Clara Wilson,
'89  Elizabeth M. Coffin (Gilbert),
"  Belva M. Herron, B. L.,


'89  Florence E. Whitcomb (Welch),
B. L.,
'9o  I)ora O. Bennett, A. B.,
Flora Bennett, A. B.,
"   Lydia C. Condon,
"   Cora M. Rowell, Ph. B.,
'   Merib S. Rowley (Patterson),A.B.,
91   Lucy Coolidge, Ph. B.,
lillian W. Johnson, A. B.,
"   Isabella Kellogg (Moore),
' Ruth W. Lane, A. B.,
N" anon F. Leas (Worcester),
'   Opal Robeson (Siegenfoos),Ph.B.,
"   Emma (Winner) Rogers, B. L.,
"   Marion I. Watrous (Angell), B.L.,
'92  Agnes M. Leas (Freer),
"   Mary Plant,
"   Alice M. Tryner,
"   Gertrude S. Wade (Slocum),
93   Katherine V. Camp, B. S.,
Genevieve Cornwell,
"   Maude E. Merritt (Drake). B. L.,
"   Ida M. Muma, A. B.,
"   Josephine L. Roberts(Bent),A.B.,
'   Ednina L. Shaw (Obenauer),
"   Caroline C. Sterling,
"   Lillian L. Wattling,
"   Grace C. Webb,
'94    ora D. Ankeney,
"   Mary R. Butts (Carson),
"   Ida C. Evans (Tasker),




312


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


'94  Henrietta I. Goodrich, A. B.,  '98
"   Ada L. Skinner,               "
95   Elise C. Bennett, Ph. B., 
"   Elizabeth F. Camp, Ph. B., 
"   Katharine L. Codd (Sexton),  '99
Mary B. Cooley, 
"   Annie D. Dunster, Ph. B.,     "
'   Katherine S. Fletcher,        "
'   Elizabeth C. Hench, Ph. B., 
" Margaret E. Hench (Gardiner), 
"   *Josephine J. Hyde,           "
"   Elizabeth W. Moore,           "
'96  Bertha F. Bradley,   '"
"   Alice Brown, A. B.,           "
"   Elizabeth L. Gardiner (Cox),  oo
"   Carlotta Goldstone (Glynn), A. B., ''
" Mary W. Lewis,                  "
" Mary E. Trueblood, Ph. B.,    "
"   Ruth M. Tuttle, Ph. B.,       "
97   Juliet M. Butler, B. S.,      "
" May M. Butler, B. S., 
"   Grace G. Millard, Ph. B.,     "
"   Julia L. Morey, Ph. B.,      'oI
"   Julia Pike, Ph. B., 
"   Louise B. Swift, A. M.,       "
"   Sarah F. Wilcox, Ph. B., 
'98  *Helen M. Babcock (Dow),
"   Helen S. Bennett,
"   Alice Chandler, 
"   Harriet L. George,            '
Pi Beta Phi.-This, the fifth


Annie Hegeler,
Macy Kitchen,
Sara L. McKenzie,
Hellen E. Ramsdell (Dempsey),
Amy A. Collier,
Fannie Cooley,
Florence G. Dillon,
Lena Z. Hegeler,
Marguerite Knowlton,
Evangeline C. Land,
Caroline E. Pattengill,
Maude H. Thayer,
Clara Turner,
Lila Turner,
Beatrice 0. Belford.
Bertha M. Goldstone,
Olga K. Hegeler.
Christine M. Lilley,
Sybil M. Pettee,
Marian S. Roberts,
Lilian A. Steele,
Jane 0. Turner,
Mary L. Clark,
M. Marguerite Gibson,
Florence W. Green,
Vena L. Harris,
Katharine G. Healy,
Euphemia G. Holden,
Rachel B. McKenzie,
Grace E. Seekell.
in age of the women's socie

ties represented in our University, was originally called the I. C.
Sorosiss, and was founded at Monmouth College in April, 1867,
by eleven students. The name Pi Beta Phi, adopted in
1883 as a secondary title, has since I888-89 been used as
the sole designation of the society. So,while the order is
ily/  older than any other intercollegiate sisterhood, it is far
from being the oldest Greek-letter sisterhood.  Of the
forty collegiate branches chartered by this organization
twenty-seven are in active operation, there colleges being
these: Iowa Wesleyan, Lombard, Kansas, Simpson, Iowa,
Knox, Colorado, Denver, Hillsdale, Franklin, Michigan,
Columbian, Ohio, Indiana, Leland Stanford, Jr., Ohio
BADGE
OF   State, Swarthmore, Northwestern, Boston, Middlebury,
PI BETA Bucknell, Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Syracuse, NewPHI.  comb (Tulane), Women's College of Baltimore, and
Indianapolis. About 2,400 members have been enrolled. Winered and light-blue are the colors, and the carnation is the society
flower. The periodical of the order is called The Arrow. The
Michigan Beta was organized in i888, and in addition to its four




COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


313


honorary members-Mrs. Martin L. D'Ooge, Mrs. Albert A. Stanley, Mrs. Francis W. Kelsey, and Mrs. Israel C. Russell-it has
had the following adherents at Ann Arbor:


'89  Minnie  H. Newley (Ricketts),
Ph. B.,
'90  Franc Arnold (Chaddock), Ph. B.,
"   Fanny K. Read, B. L.,
'9I  Mary C. Bancker,
*'  Sadie F. Paine,
"   Statia Pritchard (Oursler),
'92  Gertrude Clark (Sober), B. S.,
"   Lucy Parker (Huber),
"   Zuell Preston (Tyler), B. L.,
Nina, M. Tobey (Coburn),
'93  Ada M. Bennett,
" Etta L. Hulbert,
" Frances L. Stearns, B. S.,
"  Mary B. Thompson (Reid), A. B.,
Elizabeth R. Wylie,
'94  Mary Bartol, A. B,
"   Dora D. Elmer, A. B.,
"   Florence E. Wolfenden,
'95  Miriam Dunbar, B. S.,
"   Hattie L. Hasty,
"   Mary C Lewis, A. B.,
"   Susan W. Lewis, A. B.,
"   rhyrza McClnre,
Lucy A. Maris,
"   Alice Pierce,
" Edith H. Purdum, B. L.,
"   Lois B. Rowe (Lewis),
Fanny E. Sabin, Ph. B.,
"   Annie S. Thompson, A. B.,
'96  Nina M. Bushnell,
"   Joanna K. Hempsted, B. L.,
" Lelia I. Kennedy (Galpin),
"   Lida R. Le Maistre,
Kappa Kappa Gamma was
in I870, by four undergraduates.


'96  Elizabeth Wallace,
'97   Nettie H. Bates,
"   Lelia M. Coolidge,
'   Frances A. Foster, B. L.,
" Faith H. Gilbert, Ph. B.,
'   Jessie Keith, A. B.,
" Mary A. Pyle (Davoll),
Katharine L. Rogers,
"   Jessie H. Smith, A. B.,
'95  Harriet E. Beard,
"   Laura H Bevans,
' Rebecca E. Finch,
"   Florence L. Richards,
"   Madge G. Sibley,
"   Flora A. Sigel,
" Laura P. Temple,
' Helen G. Wetmore,
'99 Mary Anderson,
'   Edna Bevans,
"   Gertrude A. Edwards,
"  Ruth L. Smith,
"   Florence K. Wetmore,
Lida V. H. White,
"   Ethelberta Williams,
'oo  Nancy M. Bentley,
"   Grace P. Hunt,
"   Mabel L. Parker,
"   Christine G. Robertson,
'   Mary Wilson.
"   Elizabeth Wylie,
"   Alma M. Zwerk,
"   Margaret Cousins,
"   Mabell S. Leonard,
''  Eva Nichols.
organized at Monmouth College,
Anti-fraternity legislation killed


the parent chapter in 1878; but in the meantime other
branches had been started. There have been in all thirtyone chapters, of which twenty-seven survive at the following institutions: Indiana, Illinois Wesleyan, Wisconsin,
Missouri, DePauw, Wooster, Buchtel, Butler, St. Lawrence, Minnesota, Hillsdale, Boston, Iowa, Northwestern, Adrian, Syracuse, Cornell, Kansas, Nebraska, Alle- 
gheny, Ohio State, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Barnard,
BADGE OF
Leland Stanford, Jr., Swarthmore, and California. The  KAPPA
society has about 2,800 members. It publishes a quar-  KAPPA
GAMMA.
terly magazine called the Key, and the colors are light
blue and dark blue.   Beta Delta, the branch at Ann Arbor,
was established Friday, October 3, i890, with six charter mem



314


THE. MICHIGAN BOOK


bers.   The chapter-house     rented   by the society is No. 326
Division street.    Mesdames W. H. Pettee, W. J. Herdman, and
Flemming Carrow, are the patronesses of the chapter, which has
enrolled the following members:
'89  Blanche K. Barney, B. L.,    '96   P. Ernestine Robinson, B. L.,
'90  Alice H. Damon, A. B.,         "   Bessie M. Whitehead, B. L.,
"   Caroline C. Penny (Lange), A. B, '97  Lucy B. Green,
'91  Lucy D. Clarke, A. B.,         "   Florence R. Howland,
Bertha E. Pritchard, Ph. B.,    "   Mary E. Roueche,
"   Laura E. Sprague, Ph.B.,       "   Mabelle Turner,
'92  Maude McGregor (Vanderventer),"    May VanHorn,
"   Jessica V. Penny, A. B..     '98   Ruth G. Beckwith,
'93  Katharine S. Alvord, A. B.,    "   Alice M. Boutell,
"   Ruth G. Bagley, A. B.,         "   Helen Dunham,
' I Mary S. Benson, LL. M.,        "   Charlotte E. Kennedy,
"   Mildred Hinsdale,              "   Erie M. Layton,
Katharine B. Ross, B. S.,       "   Susanne 0. MacCauley,
"   Anna B. Skinner,               "   Elizabeth K. Toms,
'   Georgia Smeallie (Nims), B. L., '99  Isabel A. Ballou,
" Lula B. Southmayd, A. B.,      "   Mabel E. Gillette,
'94  Katharine A. Crane, B. L.,     "   Florence E. McIntyre (Clark),
" Achsah S. Hiller (Eddy),       "   Mary N. McKay,
" Jessica M. McIntyre, Ph. B.,   "   Mildred L. Weed,
'95  Elizabeth W. Alexander,        "   Bertha Wright,
'   Belle L. Brewster,           'oo   Genevieve I. Broad,
'   Belle Donaldson, A. B.,        '   Mary P. Herrick,
Anna S. Duncan,                 "   Gertrude B. Kennedy,
"   Mildred T. Hinsdale, Ph. B.,   "   Margaret R. Layton,
"   Bouise A. McGilveay,           '   Lucile C. Morris,
'96  Bertha C. Barney, B. L.,        '  Laura M. Rinkle,
Harriet E. Bingham, B. L.,      "   Sophie R. St. Clair,
'   Daisy F. Evans,                "   Alice M. Thorne,
"   Florence M. Halleck,           "   Florence Walker,
"   Harriet Lake,                'oI   Anna M. Rogers,
" Nina H. Paddock, B. L.,        "   Olive J. Rouech.
Alpha Phi.-This collegiate sisterhood was founded in I882
by ten   students  of Syracuse University.     The Alpha Chapter,
which built a house of its own in I889, was followed nine years
later by the Beta at Northwestern University.
The other branches are: Eta, Boston University,
I883; Gamma, DePauw, i887; Delta, Cornell,
889; Epsilon, Minnesota, I890; Zeta, Women's
College of Baltimore, I891; Theta, Michigan,:"-, ok"     1892; aud Iota, Wisconsin, 1894.         There are
BADGE OF ALPHA about 700 members. Silver-grey and bordeaux-red
PHI.       are the colors of the society, and its favorite flowers are lillies-of-the-valleys and forget-me-nots.  There is a magazine called The Alpha Phi Quarterly.              The building    126
North Division street is occupied by the chapter in our University.
Mrs. Junius E. Beal, Mrs. Alfred H. Lloyd, Mrs. William H.




COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


315


Wait, and Mrs. Robert M. Wenley are the "patronesses " of the
local organization, which also has the following members:


'94  Gertrude Buck, M. S.,
"   Winifred A. Higby (Rose), Ph.B.,
'95  Bertha Hine, A. B.,
"   Nina M. Holden (Cummer), A. B.,
Clara M. McOmber, Ph. B.,
"   *Martha E. Orr, B. L.,
"  *Allene Peck (Belknap),
"   Flora M. Quigley (Will),
"   Lillian M. Quigley (Agnew),
"   Effie Lois Roberts, A. B.,
'96  Minnie A. Boylan (Beal), Ph. B.,
"   Nina H. Denton, Ph. B.,
"   Mathilde Hine, Ph. B.,
"   Helen A. Kelley, Ph. B.,
"   Jane Littlefield, (Kelley),
"   Bertha Rose (Wakefield),
"   Sadie E. Sheehan, A. B.,
" Bess B. Stevens, A. B.,
"   Mary W. Wood,
"   Elizabeth Wrenge (Humphrey),
'97  Myrtle M. Bruner, B. L.,
"   Nellie M. Hayes,
"   Lena L. Hine,
"   Julia M. Hodge, Ph. B.,
" Susie L. McKee, A. B.,
"   Agnes Morley,
" Edith H. Noble,
"   Carolyne M. Putnam,
"   Katharyne G. Sleneau, A. B.,
"   Lillian M. Tompkins, A. B.,
" Stella Westcott, A. B.,


98
( (
46
66
C6
46
44
99
4 6
6 6
6 4
44
64
46
)(O
)0E~
66
66
66
46
66


Anna L. Decker,
Julia E. Gettemy,
Mable E. Holmes,
Jessie M. Mack,
Gertrude Savage,
Jeannette Smith,
Winnifred Smith,
Gertrude L. Springer,
Adda L. Stevens,
m Florence E. Allen,
Ruth A. Bartley,
Mary L. Bunker,
Grace S. Flagg.
Anne W. Howe,
Anne McOmber,
Margaret D. Mason,
Winnie J'. Robinson,
Louise Shepard,
Grace B. Ward,
Irene K. Goddard,
Florence M. Hall,
Juliet Grace Horton,
Nina M. Howlett,
Marian C. Kanouse,
Marian H. Larsen,
Genevieve Decker,
Jessie A. Howell,
Maude Hudson,
Mable Mead,
Frances E. Terwilliger,
Edith A. Wheeler.


Delta Delta Delta.-This is the youngest, both as a general
society and at Ann Arbor, of the women's collegiate orders. It
was founded at Boston
University, by  four
undergraduates, wh o
in 1889 associated
themselves as the             v
Alpha Chapter.    A
Delta Chapter, formed
in the Iowa Agricultural College, in I889, 
soon perished, and its
placed was taken by
the Delta Deuteron
Chapter at Simpson     BADGE AND EMBLEMS OF DELTA DELTA DELTA.
College. Somewhat later, but still in i889,the Epsilon was formed
at Knox College, and these earlier branches have been followed by




316


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


the following: Gamma, Adrian; Beta, St. Lawrence; Zeta, Cincinnati; Eta, Vermont; Theta, Minnesota; Iota, Michigan; Kappa,
Nebraska; Sigma, Wesleyan; Omicron, Syracuse; Nu, Ohio State;
Lambda, Baker University; Upsilon, Northwestern. A new chapter has just been formed in the University of Wisconsin. The
total membership is about 600. A magazine called T he T r i den t
is issued by the fraternity.
The members of the local chapter, which was instituted in
1894, include Mrs. Lizzie F. Millen, an honorary initiate, and the
following graduates and undergraduates:
'96  Nell Kempf (Close), Ph. B.,  '9) Nellie A. Brown,
Almerene M. Orsborn, Ph. B.,    Emma D. Burke,
D. Zena Thomson, B. L.,     "   Charlotte L. Reichmann,
97   Harriette A. Brown,      'oo   Katheryne F. Bateman,
"   Effie L. Danforth, Ph. B.,  "  Elizabeth Boulsom,
"   Nellie M. Walters, B. L.,  "   Ingeborg S. Fredlund,
'98  Harriet T. Averill (Haas),  "  Belle H. Goldsmith,
"   Gertrude M. Brown (Tower),  "  Eva A. Hillman,
"   Ruth W. Butterworth,       "   Elizabeth J. Lobb,
Elizabeth A. Dugdale,       '  Florence McHugh,
Leonore Loxley,             "  Florence P. Mildon,
"   Josephine P. Powell,       "   Edith M. Popkins,
" Lucile A. Shelley,         "   Alvena D. Reichmann,
"   Blanche M. Young,         'or  Lillian M. Haadsten.
Excluding their honorary and associate members, the eight
sisterhoods of the literary department have had a total membership
of 564, distributed thus: Sorosis, 120; Gamma Phi Beta, Ioi; Delta
Gamma, 70; Pi Beta Phi, 66; Kappa Kappa Gamma, 62; Alpha
Phi, 62; Kappa Alpha Theta, 54; Delta Delta Delta, 28. Beginning with the class of '80, and including all classes except those
now in college, the total membership is 556, of which number 207
have been granted literary degrees by the University.  As the number of women graduated 1880-97
is 680, of which total the societies claim 207, it
follows that society privileges have been enjoyed
by about 30 per cent of the ladies who have
BADGE OF     finished their literary studies.
ALPHA EPSILON      Alpha Epsilon Iota.-This medical sisterIOTA.   hood was founded at the University of Michigan,
February 3, I890, by five undergraduates.   It did not appear in
the students' annual until 1897. The Chronicle of May 9,
189I, reported that the society had added to its ranks "three
illustrious women, Emily Blackwell (Dean of the Women's Medical
School, New York City), Mary Putnam Jacobi, and Sarah Hackett




COLLEGIATE SISTERHOODS


317


Stevenson".  It has also acquired as honorary members, Dr.
Frances E. White, of Philadelphia, Dr. Frances Huson, of Detroit,
and Miss Eliza M. Mosher, M. D., '75, Women's Dean of the
University. Mrs. V. C. Vaughan, Mrs. W. J. Herdman, and Mrs.
W. A. Campbell are the "patronesses" of the society at Ann
Arbor, which makes its home at 307 North State street, and calls
itself the Alpha Chapter. In January, 1898, a Beta Chapter was
instituted at the Women's Medical College of Northwestern University; and a Gamma Chapter was established in February, I898,
at the Laura Hills Memorial College, Cincinnati. Following is
the roll of the Michigan initiates, forty-one in all:


'9o  Lotta R. Arwine, M. D.,        '96
"   Minnie A. Howard, M. D.,       '97
"   Lily MacGowan (Eellows), M. D., "
'91  Elizabeth D. Bayer, M. D., 
"   Ada F. Bock, M. D.,            '98
"   Anna W. Croacher, M. D.,        99
" May B. Stuckey (Reynolds), M.D.,"
"   Mary W. Williams, M. D.,
'92  Henrietta A. Carr, M. D.,       "
"   Jeanne C. Solis, M. D., 
'93  Katherine R. Collins, M. D., 
'95  Florence A. Amidon, M. D., 
Jean M. Cooke, M. D., 
"   Harriet L. Hawkins, M. D.,  "
'96  Elizabeth Campbell,              "
"   Gertrude D. Campbell, M. D.,  'oo
"   Eleanor S. Everhard, M. D.,     "
Penelope M. Flett, M. D.,
"   Jennie J. Hall, M. D., 
"   Maude L. Hassard, M. D.,       'OI
" Frances Hulbert, M. D.,


Anna L. Preston, M. D.,
Anna W. Locke, M. D.,
Marion Nute, M. D.,
Georgia Smeallie (Nims), M. D.,
Annie M. Stevens,
Helen A. Affeld,
Felecie von Autenreid,
Frances E. Barrett,
Blanche M. Butler,
Mary L. Cook,
Susan B. Jarrett,
Mary M. McArthur,
Mary C. McKibbin,
Elizabeth Rindlaub,
Alice G. Snyder,
Harriet V. Baker,
Alice M. M. Chesley,
Helen T. Cleaves,
Minta P. Kemp,
Georgia 0. Robertson.


Omega Psi, a sophomore society, a sort of feminine Theta Nu Epsilon, was instituted here in I896
with thirteen charter-members drawn from Gamma Phi
Beta, Delta Gamma, and Alpha Phi. It is a branch
(the Beta) of the organization of the same name
BADGE OF  founded in 1894 at the Northwestern University. The
OMEGA PSI. Michigan members are:


'98   Esther Braley,
Lillian Cole,
"   Josephine Daniels,
Mary J. DeVeny,
"   Grace S. Flagg,
Eva J. Hill,
Jessie M. Mack,


'98 Gertrude Savage,
"   Winnifred Smith,
"   Adda L. Stevens,
"   Margaret Thain,
"   Lilian M. Tompkins,
Mary E. Young.




I




INDEX OF SUBJECTS


Alpha Alpha.......................89, 210
Alpha Delta Phi, 58, 66, 67, 84, II5,
nI6, I85, I87, I88, 189, 190, 191,
192, I93, I94, 208-216, 270, 271,
272, 274, 275, 276, 302, 303.
Alpha Epsilon Iota.......................282
Alpha Nu.........................93, 94, 95
Alpha Phi..................... II8, 282, 283
Alpha Phi (women)....................307
Alpha Tau Omega, 119, i86, 196, 263,
264, 270, 271, 272.
Alumni: of the University, I7-37; of
the literary societies, 95, 96, 97, 98;
of the fraternities, 198-31I.
Amulet, The............................. I29
Anatomical Laboratory..................12
Ann Arbor...........................5, 6, 78
Annual Ball.........................68, 69
Annuals, student..................115-129
Appointments: for Commencement, 6o62; for Junior Ex., 56-59.
Associations: alumni, 31-34, 275, 276;
athletic, 173-I75; chess and whist,
175-176; literary, 93-1I2; medical,
I36-141; religious, 87-92.
Astronomical Observatory............... 11
Athletic Association.........73, 174, 175
Athletic field...........................9, 75
Athletic sports.....................142, 176
Badges, of the fraternities..............273
Banjo Club..........................139, 140
Bankers, alumni who are................30
Baseball.......................I43-159, 173
Benton Debating Society.................98
Beta Theta Pi, 66, 115, ii6, 118, 185,
187, I88, 189, 191, I92, 194, 195,
203-208, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275,
276, 303.
Boating........................170, 171,  75
Bolting recitations........................74
Boomerang, The..........................I07
Buildings: fraternity, I89, 190, 274,
275; religious society, 88, go, 91;
University, 10-I3.
Bulletin,  S. C. A...........................89
Burning.'hysics.......................71, 72
Campus, the............................. 9
Canes, class......5.................54
Caps,,:lass, 54; college, 15.
Castalia, The University.........122, 123


Castalian, The...............94, 123, I24
Catalogues of alumni....................17
Catholepistemiad, the......................5
Chapter houses, the... I90, 274, 275, 278
Chapters, fraternity.........I87, 279, 280
Chess Clubs.........................75, 176
Cheer, the college........................16
Chemical Laboratory.................... II
Chi Phi,.........86, 196, 260, 261, 270
Chi Psi, 66, 67, II5, II6, I85, I87,
189, 190, 192, I93, I94, I97-202,
271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 303, 304 -Choate Debating Society.................98
Choral Union, the................ I40, I4I
Christian Association.................87-94
Chronicle-Argonaut, The........ 107-I I I
Chronicle Association, The............ 05
Chronicle, The.....................I4-Io 9
Class: badges, 54; books, 77; canes, 54;
caps, 54; colors, 53; exhibitions,
55-62: histories, 64; memorials, 9,
50, 51; mottoes, 52; officers, 43-50.
reunions, 76; seals, 51-53; societies,
299-235; songs, 5I.
Class Day................................62-64
Classes, The...........................40-77
Clay Society................................ 98
Clergymen, Alumni who are............26
College: caps, 15; colors, 15; politics, 99,
Ioo, 105, io6, 174, i96; presidents,
21; professors, 21.
Collegiate Sisterhoods..................306
Colors: class, 53; college, 15.
Comedy Club............................. 176
Commencement........................ 59-62
Commencement Annual.................I29
Congress, Representatives in...........19
Cord and Magnet........................303
Cricket......................................I42
Debates, Intercollegiate................ 102
Delta Chi....................282, 290, 291
Delta Delta Delta...........307, 315, 316
Delta Gamma.........306, 309, 310, 316
Delta Kappa Epsilon, 66, 69, II5, In6,
I85, 187, I88, 189, 194, 195, 216.
222, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276,
30i, 302, 303, 304.
D elta  N u....................................93
Delta Phi, 115, 116, IE4, I85, I86, I88,
194, 196, 223-225, 270, 271.
Delta Psi............... 85, 187, I88, I89




320


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Delta Sigma Delta...........282, 294-296
Delta Sigma Phi..........................302
Delta Tau Delta, 67, II8,i11, i86, I87,
i88, 195, 196, 246-249, 270, 27I,
272, 275, 276.
Delta Upsilon, 68, 107, II8, 119, I85,
I86, 187, i88, 195, 253-256, 270,
27I, 272, 274, 275.
Dental Building............................ Io
Dental Students: class officers, 50; fraternities, 294-298.
Departments, the..................... 35-39
D orm itories............................ I,  I I
Douglas Literary Society.................98
Dramatic clubs.......................... 176
Dutch War, the.....................79, o8..
Editors: of Amulet, 129; of Argonaut,
o09, IIo; of Castalia, 123; of Castalian, 124; of Chronicle, o08, Io9,
of Chronicle-Argonaut, III; of Inlander, III,II2; of Michigan Alumnus, 112, II3; of Michiganensian,
125, 126; of Michigan Law Journal,
112; of Michigan University Magazine, I04, 105; of Oracle, 127-129;
of Palladium, II8 —12I; of Res
Gestae, 125; of Sapphire, I24; of
To Wit;, 125; of University Chronicle, I04; of University Quarterly,
103; of University Register, 115;
of U. of M. Daily, 113, 114; of
Wrinkle, 114, 115; of Yellow and
Blue, II.
Engineering Building.................... Io
Engineering Laboratory................. I
Exhibitions, class.....................55-62
Fence, The  College........................9
Field Day..................   72
Field  Sports........................I71,  I72
Fletcher  Society...........................98
Foley Guild, The............9.........92
Football...........74, 158-170, 173, I74
Fraternities.......7..... 177-298, 115-I19
Freshman class officers..............43, 44
Freshman exhibitions....................55
Freshman societies.................304, 305
Gamma Kappa Epsilon................. 304
Gamma Phi Beta...........306, 308, 309
Glee  Clubs.........................I36, 139
Governors, alumni who are..............20
Graduates: see Alumni.
Gymnasium, the...............I2, 13, 175
Hahnemannian Society..............98, 99
Hamilton Debating Society............98


Harris Hall................................go
Hazing............................72-75
Hesperian, the.............................94
Historians, class............... 46, 48
Histories, class.............................64
Hobart Guild, the........................90
Homceopathic College, building of...Io
Homoeopathic students: discrimination
against, 38; class officers, 50; literary society, 98, 99; secret fratern
ity, 282, 298.
Hospitals, the......................... Io, 12
Independent Association...............I95
Independent Society....................98
Initiations...............................273
Inlander, The.................... II..
Intercollegiate debates..........2...... I02
Jeffersonian, the....................... 97, 98
Journalists, alnmni who are............29
Judges, alumni who are............26, 27
Junior class officers..................... 44
Junior Exhibitions...................56, 59
Junior Hop.............................65-70
Jnnior Independent Society...........98
Junior Lyceum.............................98
Junior Society.............................303
Justinian society...........................97
Kappa Alpha...........I84, 187, I88, I96
Kappa Alpha (southern)................. 86
Kappa Alpha Theta..........306, 308
Kappa Kappa Gamma, 307, 313, 314,
3i6.
Kappa Phi Lambda, II8, I95, 245, 246,
207.
Kappa Sigma, I86, 268, 270, 271, 272,
275, 282.
Lambda Beta Delta.....................217
Law Building.............................. 1
Lawn tennis............................... 171
Law    Department:      opening   of, 7, 35;
building of, II; graduates of, I8,
32; students in, 35-39; class officers,
47-49;     literary  societies,   96-98;
fraternities in, 282-291.
Lawyers, distinguished..................28
Lecture Association.......................99
Libraries of the University.............I3
Library Building..................... I, 12
Lincoln Debating Society..............98
Literary Q. C.............................96
Literary Societies....................93-1o  2


Mandolin Club......................           I40
Medical Building.......................... I




INDEX OF SUBJECTS.


32 I


Medical Department, opening of, 6, 35;
building of, II; graduates of, I8,
students of, 35-39; literary societies in, 98; class officers, 49, 50;
fraternities in, 282, 291-293, 316,
317.
Memorials..........................   5, 5
Michigan Alumnus, The...............II2
Michiganensian, The............25, 126
Michigan Law Journal.................112
Michigan University Magazine..          104
Mock programmes....................56-58
Mottoes, class.............................52
Museum    Bnilding..........................I 
Musical Society....................40, I41
Music, student......................30-14I
Mu Sigma Alpha..................282, 298
Name of the University...............5, 4
Nu Sigma Nu.................282, 291-293
Officers, class..............................305
Omega Psi..........3     1...... 31, 317
Omicron Phi.............................303
Oracle, The.........................126, 129
Oratorical Assoeiation.            0...........Io, 102
Orators: class, 44, 46, 48; intercollegiate, 102.
Owls................................. 300,  302
Palladium.....I................. 116-122
Peninsular Phoenix.......................II5
Pharmacy school, 7, 38; graduates of,
I8; stndents in, 38; class officers,
49; fraternity in, 292, 293.
Phi Alpha.........................196, 260
Phi Beta Kappa.................177-184
Phi Chi (medical legal)...124, 282, 289
Phi Chi (pharmaceutical)...282, 292, 293
Phi Delta Phi...tI8, 124, 282, 283-289
Phi Delta Theta, 68, iI8, 119, I86, 187,
i88, 195, 242-245, 270, 27I, 272,
275 -Phi Gamma Delta, 68, 69, 119, i86,
187, I88, 261-263, 270, 271, 272,
275.
Phi Kappa Psi, 66, 67, II8, 186, I87,
I88, 195, 256-260, 270, 271, 272,
274, 275, 276, 303, 304.
Phi Kappa Sigma.......................186
Philologia...................................96
Phi Phi Alpha...................93, 94, 95
Phi Rho Sigma.....................282, 263
Physical Laboratory......................12
Physicians, distinguished.................29
Physics, burning, etc., of...........7I, 72
Pi Beta Phi..............306, 312, 313, 316
Pi Kappa Alpha..........................86


Poets,  class............................46, 48
Power House................................ 13
Presentation of graduating class, 62, 63
Presidents: college, among the alumni,
2I; of baseball association, 173; of
athletic association, 173, 174, 175;
of boating association, 175; of
freshman class, 43; of oratorical
association, Io3; of Rugby association, I74; of senior classes, 45,.
48, 49, 50; of Students' Christian
Association, 89, go; of Students'
Lecture Association, Ico, ioI; of
tennis association, I75; of our University, 6, 7, 8.
President's house.......................... o
Professional school fraternities, 282, 298
Professors' houses.........................o
Prophets, class........................47, 49
Psi Upsilon, 66, 67, 99, II5, 184, 187,
i88, 189, I95, 196, 234-242, 245,
270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 30I,
302, 303, 304.
Publications: class, 77; student, 103 -I29.
Regents................................5, 6,  26
Religious societies....................887-92
Res  Gestae................................. 25
Reunions, alumni,      31-34; class,    76;
fraternity, 276.
Rowing........................ 170, 171, I75
Rushing, class, 73-75; post-office, 82,
83.
St. Andrew's Church Society.........    go
Sapphire, The......................1.24
Satyrs, The................................302
School of Music.................... 40, 141
Seals: class, 53; of the University...I4
Seers,  class.................................47
Senior class: class day of, 63-64; officers of, 45-50.
Senior Hop............................64-65
Senior Lyceum.............................98
Senior Reception..........................70
Senior societies..................... 300-302
Serapion Society........................98
Sidewalks, destruction of...........80, 8I
Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 68, 119, I86, I7,
I88, 196, 265, 266, 270, 27I, 272,
274, 275.
Sigma Chi, i86, I87, I88, 195, I97,
249-253, 270, 271, 282.
Sigma   Nu...................................  86
Sigma Phi, 66, Ioo, II6, 184, 187, 188,
I89, 194, 225-229, 270, 271, 272,
274, 275, 276, 302, 303, 304.
Sigma Tan..........................  303 




322


THE MICHIGAN BOOK


Societies: alumni, 31-34; athletic, 173 -175; chess, 175, 176; class, 299 -305; dramatic, 176; fraternal, 177 -298; literary, 93-102; musical, 136 -I4I; whist, 176; women's, 96,
306-317.
Society-War, the....................89, 194 
Soldiers......................................30
Songs, college..................... 130-35
Sophomore Exhibition...............55, 56
Sophomore Hop.........................71
Sophomore societies........303, 304, 317
Sorosis............ 306, 307, 311, 312, 316
Sports and games.................142-I 76
Student publications............... 103-129
Students' Christian Association.....87-90
Students' Lecture Association....... 99
Summer Literary Society...............98
Tappan Hall............................12
Tappan Hall Association.................91
Tappan   Oak...................................9
Technic, The.............................. 129
Theta Delta Chi, 68, 1I9, 185, 187, 188,
196, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 275.
Theta Nu Epsilon........................303
Toastmasters of freshman classes.....44
To  W  it:..................................I23
Town and gown.......................78-86
Track athletics....................  171, 172
Undergraduates, number of, in fraternities............................... 2... 272
United States Senators....................19
University, the: sketch of 5; presidents
of, 6; grounds, 9; buildings, Io;
libraries, I3; income, 13; name,14;
seals, 14; colors, 15; cheer, I6;
graduates and former students, I7;
departments, 35.


University, The (magazine)............ 107
University Argonaut....... 107, IO9, III
University Banjo Club...........139, 140
University baseball nine........143-159
University Castalia...............122, 123
University Chronicle................... 04
University foot-ball elevens......159-1 70
University Glee Clud..............137-139
University grounds........................9
University Hall.......................o, II
University Independent................. 03
University Magazine....................103
University Mandolin Club..............140
University Musical Society...... 140, 141
University Quarterly....................1o3
University Register.....................15
U. of M. Daily...................r3, I14
Valedictorians, law.......................49
Waterman Gymnasium........I2, 13, 175
Webster Literary Society...........96, 97
Wesleyan Guild, The.....................91
W hist Clubs............................... I76
Women's societies............96, 306-317
Wrinkle, The........................... 114
Xi Psi Phi.....................282, 297, 298
Yellow and Blue: the College colors, 15;
a  student   periodical,   107,   fIr;
songs of, I33.
Young Men's Christian Association...go
Zeta Psi, 66, Ii6, 124, 185, 187, I88,
I89, 194, 229-234, 270, 271, 272,
274, 275, 276, 302, 303, 304 -

INDEX  OF ILLUSTRATIONS


Adams, President C. K................ I4
Alpha Delta Phi House.................211
Anatomical Laboratory................. I0
Angell, President J. B.................277
Arms: Alpha Delta Phi,2ro; Beta Theta
Pi, 272; Delta Kappa Epsilon, 217;
Delta Phi, 223: Phi Delta Theta,
243; Phi Gamma Delta, 262; Psi
Upsilon, 235; Psi Upsilon, Phi Chapter, 236; Sigma Alpha Epsilon,274;
Sigma Phi, 226.
Astronomical Observatory...............27
Badges: Alpha Delta Phi, 193, 209; Alpha Epsilon Iota, 316; Alpha Phi,


314; Alpha Tau Omega, 293; Beta
Theta Pi, 203; Chi Phi, 26I; Chi
Psi, 197; Delta Chi,290; Delta Delta
Delta, 315; Delta Gamma, 3IO;
Delta Kappa, 299; Delta Kappa Epsilon, 194, 216; Delta Phi, 223;
Delta Sigma Delta, 295; Delta Tau
Delta, 246, 247; Delta Upsilon,253;
Gamma Phi Beta,308; Kappa Alpha, 185; Kappa Alpha Theta, 307;
Kappa Kappa Gamma, 313; Kappa Phi Lambda, 245; Kappa Sigma,268; Kappa Sigma Epsilon,299;
Mu Sigma Alpha, 298; Nu Sigma
Nu, 291; Omega Psi, 317; Phi Beta




INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS


323


Kappa, 177, 184; Phi Chi, 293; Phi
Delta Phi, 283,285; Phi Delta Theta,
242; Phi Gamma Delta, 261; Phi
Kappa Psi,257; Phi Rho Sigma, 293;
Pi Beta Phi, 312; Psi Upsilon, I88,
234; Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 265;
Sigma Chi, 250; Sigma Phi, 225;
Sorosis, 3II; Theta Delta Chi, 267;
Theta Nu Epsilon, 303; Xi Psi Phi,
297; Zeta Psi, 229.
Barbour, Hon. Levi L.....................97
Beta Theta Pi House....................205
Buildings, of religious societies: Christian Association Building, 87; Harris
Hall, 89; Sackett Hall, 91.
Buildings, University: Anatomical Laboratory, Ioo; Astronomical Observatory,27; Chemical Laboratory,33;
Civil Engineering Building, I03;
Dental Building (old), 133; Dental
Building (present), 136; Engineering
Laboratory, 94; Gymnasium, I60;
Homceopathic Hospital, I17; Homceopathic Medical College, 115;
Law Building, 36; Library Building, 78; Medical Building, 24; Museum, 39; Physical Laboratory, 84;
President's House, 15; Power House,
172; Tappan Hall, 143; University
Hall, I2; University Hospital, Io6.
Campus, northwest entrance..............6
Chapter Houses: Alpha Delta Phi, 2II;
Beta Theta Pi, 205; Chi Psi, I90,
I99; Delta Kappa Epsilon, 195,218;
Delta Upsilon, 254; Phi Kappa Psi,
258; Psi Upsilon, 238; Sigma Alpha
Epsilon, 265; Sigma Phi, 226; Zeta
Psi, 231.
Chemical Laboratory..................... 33
Chi Psi Lodges......................90, 199
Christian Association Building.........87
Civil Engineering Building............ I3
Class seals: of '62, 40; of '63, 42; of '72,
45; of '74, 51; of '75, 52; of '77,
55; of '78, 63; of '8I, 66; of '83,
69; of '85, 74.
Commencement Programme of I845, 58,
59.
Delta Kappa Epsilon House...195, 218
Delta Upsilon House...................254
Dental Building.................... 33,  36
Dickinson, Hon. Don M...............I48
Engineering Laboratory................ 94
Execution  of  Physics.................... 72
Frieze, Professor Henry S............... 8


Gymnasium, the Waterman........... 60
Harris  Hall.................................89
Haven, President E. 0..................21
Homeeopathic Hospital.................11 7
Homceopathic Medical College......155
Huron River, the.....................I8, 77
Hutchins, Acting-President H. B....I26
Inlander, The, cover of............... III
Law Building..............................6
Library Building..........................8
Medical Building..........................24
Museum    Building........................39
Palmer, Senator Thomas W............30
Phi Kappa Psi House...................258
Physical Laboratory......................84
Physics, Execution of....................72
Portraits: Adams, President C. K., 114:
Angell, President James B., 277:
Barbour,    Hon.    Levi   L.,    97;
Dickinson, Hon. Don. M., 148;
Frieze, Professor Henry S., 81;
Haven, President E. O., 21; Hutchins,Acting-President Harry B., 126;
Palmer, Senator Thomas W., 30;
Quinby, Hon. William E., 38; Tappan, Chancellor Henry P., 9.
Power  House..............................172
President's House.....................15
Psi Upsilon House.......................238
Quinby, Hon. William E................38
Sackett H all................................9
School of Music........................ 28
Seals: class, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 55, 63,
66, 69, 74; college, I79, 182, 187,
191; Phi Beta Kappa, 181; University of Michigan (old), 4; (present), I.
Sigma Alpha Epsilon House...........265
Sigma Phi House........................226
Tappan, Chancellor H. P..................
Tappan Hall...........................43
University Hall.............................I2
University Hospital.....................o6
Vignettes: Alpha Delta Phi, 2I0; Beta
Theta Pi, 204; Chi Psi, 198; Delta
Delta Delta, 315; Owls, 300; Phi
Delta Theta, 243; Zeta Psi, 230.
Zeta Psi House..........................23I




I




ESTABLISHED 1818.


BROOKS BROTHERS,
Broadway, cor. 22d St., New York City.
Clothing and Furnishing Goods
READY-MADE AND MADE TO MEASURE.
To our Regular customers our goods need no
especial mention.  To those who have not dealt
with us we would say a few words in regard to the
general advantages we offer them.
All garments sold are made and designed by us.
The most particular care is given to the smallest detail of cut and manufacture.
Shapes are carefully revised every season to
keep pace with changes of style.
The limited quantity in each lot and exclusiveness of style guarantee the best value, and at lower
prices in many instances than are asked for garments made in large wholesale lots of inferior workmanship.
As we have no agents or travelers, and but one
store, our goods cannot be procured elsewhere.
Catalogue, samples and rules for self-measurement will be sent on application.




ROEHM & SON, JEWELLERS
184 and 186 Woodward Avenue
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
Reverently preserved in the archives of the older Greek letter
societies are some of the badges devised and worn by the founders
of those associations sixty or more years ago. One of these
emblems was constantly carried by its possessor from
the night of his initiation until his death, a period of
nearly half a century. Another, after having lain
for twenty years in a grove where it had been lost,
was found by the owner's son, who in the meantime
BADGE OF DELTA had himself become a member of the fraternity which
PSI.
it typified.  Still another of these old pins was
handed down as an heirloom from father to son and from son to
grandson, so that it did duty for three generations of college men.
Precious as are these venerable jewels for the associations
which cluster round them, they are hardly to be compared in
point of beauty with the badges produced by the artists of to-day.
Messrs. Roehm & Son have transformed Phi Beta Kappa's tokenanciently called at Union, from its somewhat clumsy shape, the
" stoneboat"-into a badge of real elegance, while still preserving
the original design. They are also manufacturing the watch-key
of that ancient and exclusive fraternity, the Kappa Alpha, which,
with six Eastern chapters, represents the men by whom at Union
College seventy-three years ago the Greek-letter system of societies was originated.  Of course the symbols of the Kappa Alpha




key remain as the founders originated them; but by ingenious
workmanship, effectiveness has been added to what was before one
of the most beautiful of college badges.
To the fraternities which were organized in Yale College during
the earlier half of the present century, is due much of the influence
now exerted by the Greek-letter orders throughout the country.
The founder of the Psi Upsilon at Yale was also the organizer of branches at Brown and Amherst; and the Yale Chapter of
Delta Kappa Epsilon is the mother of that powerful and extensive
fraternity. When the chapter of Alpha Delta Phi at Yale, upon
the completion of its costly stone temple, resumed after an inter

val of twenty-three years its old place as a
Roehm & Son were awarded the order for
the badges to be donned by the first Junior
delegation under the new arrangement.
It is also noteworthy that the Executive
Council of the Psi Upsilon, in selecting an
official badge for use thioughout the fraternity, unanimously adopted in preference to many other exhibits, the "Yale"
badge furnished by the firm above mentioned.
Roehm & Son were also makers of
the beautiful badge set with diamonds
which was presented by the Sigma Alpha


junior society, Messrs.
SEAL OF ALPHA DELTA PHI
AT HARVARD.


Epsilon fraternity to President McKinley, one of its honorary
members, and which was worn by the chief magistrate on the day
of his inauguration.
The records kept by Roehm & Son show that they make
goods for more than half the chapters of most of the oldest and
largest fraternities, and in some cases the percentage of chapters
runs over eighty.
While encouraging trade from societies requiring all classes of
work, Roehm & Son exert their main efforts for new business in
directions where the highest grade of workmanship is desired.




JOHN V. SHEEHAN & CO., 
BOOKSELLERS,
320 South State Street,  ANN ARBOR
146 Woodward Avenue,  -  DETROIT
[  ~ —I lUIIIIHUlllllllllUllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIHIIIII


1%
4a
tr


N their extensive establishments at Detroit
and Ann Arbor Messrs. Sheehan & Co. carry
all the newest books and best editions.
Himself a graduate of the University, the senior
member of the firm has enjoyed a long and intimate
acquaintance with college men, particularly with
those of Michigan, which enables him to anticipate
the literary needs of alumni and students. Associated with Mr. Sheehan are professional book-men
of long experience, who are equipped with the
latest catalogues and bibliographies, and who gladly
furnish any information the seeker of books may
desire. With its large stores in the two cities this
firm handles more books than any other concern in
the state, so that it can give its customers fhe benefit of heavy purchases; and realizing that literary
men and college students often tax their incomes to
the utmost in order to build up their libraries,
Sheehan & Co. sell all books at reduced prices, and
to large buyers offer a heavy discount.  Among
the specialties of the firm are fine stationery and
engraving.


BADGE OF SOUTHERN
KAPPA ALPHA
_I       _ _ 


During the senior year of '73 a freshman
bought from one of Ann Arbor's bookdealers several packages of envelopes bearing the flamboyent
seal of that class. The youth remarked that the
articles purchased were the neatest thing in the
way of fraternity envelopes he had seen that year.




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*I


nlrrcrwrJrh"tuwrrvvrrcnrnnn


Wadhams,
Ryan &
Reule
Clothiers
and
furnishers
*
200-202
South
Main Street,... ANN ARBOR


UT is said that Edward Bulwer,
Lord Lytton, once received a proposal of marriage from a young
girl, and that, years afterwards, when
he had experienced innumerable infelicities from an alliance with another, he
declared he had gone further and had
fared worse.  Doubtless this would be
the self-accusing comment of the Michigan student, who passing by the wellsupplied furnishing house of Messrs.
Wadhams, Ryan & Reule, should travel
to Detroit or Toledo and there purchase
at higher prices goods less satisfactory
than could be procured at the establishment mentioned.   Whether the
alumnus or the undergraduate seeks a
new suit or a new umbrella, whether
he wants a necktie or a pair of gloves,
a mackintosh or collars and cuffs, he
can obtain any or all of these at the
south-west corner of Main and Washington Streets, as well as, and more
cheaply than, in any of the shops in
Chicago or Detroit.


I
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r




A junior, unable to write German
script, was told to use the Latin characters in writing his German exercise on the
blackboard.  Immediately he  replied  "I 
never studied  Latin,
Professor."           I 


BADGE OF
Pl KAPPA ALPHA


I1


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I


4


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- —.Emob








P MICHIGAN CENTRAL 
[i   I   "JOR many years the only access by rail
I        1     ~ ^ to Ann Arbor was furnished by the 
stu( c  Michigan Central, and the handsome
W     structure of stone which since 1886 has welcomed and has bid farewell to so many          n
students, attests the special interest taken by
l   the Company's officers in the University, of 
which not a few of them are graduates. 
'l          To quote from the Official Report of the
State Railroad Commissioner's Inspection of      ~
the Michigan Central: "The main line is as
near perfection in the way of construction, 
I.      appointments, service, and able management      i
as can be conceived in modern railroading.
U11/    No skill or expenditure has been spared to     I
fl,      make it the modern railroad of the country."
V   The road is a first-class line for first-class
travel between Ann Arbor and Chicago, and
from Ann Arbor to Detroit and to New York.
Graduates, old or young, professors and
t       students, in fact all persons who have been 
{< /   or are connected with the University, have     /f
cause to regard the Michigan Central as an
essential part of the institution itself, as much  }
so as the walks around and through the             j
flt ^   campus.
at,                                                   B'1
I"= -t N.-!.-\NElN- F )J




-




S;S~wwwmwviwmwmwmwmANWMNINWWWWWWW WW~WYV)


I
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The National Feed Boxi
A Paradox........-..:Is  your  horse  getting  thin
a:e!!.....from eating too much? 
Feed him half as much from
a "National Feed Box" and


PAT. JUNE 18TM, 1889.
BE KIND TO YOUR HORSE.


watch him grow fat. It is
not what he eats but what
he keeps that helps him.
made of Stel.
Price $2.25.
NATIONAL FEED BOX CO.,
1240 McGRAW BLOCK,
DETROIT, MICH.


i


i;,MM1IIMMFIFFrSUMMMMI11I




Sclhnidcr Bros.,
Plumbers,
Steam and Gas fitters
and Cinners
204 West Washington St.,
[inn Arbor
lHIS firm may be relied upon to
do scientifically and hygienically
all work in its line.  It has for
a long time attended to all the plumbing and all the steam and gas fitting
required in the leading hotels and
private and fraternity houses in Ann
Arbor.
When the entire scientific section of '74, in its
freshman year, joined the Good Templars, the sophs.
said they wished to get on good terms with one
of their professors who was worthy chief and had
conditioned a good many of them.




~~~~~f ---N
W-A   4   "lt'  


RANDALL. Photographer


ANN ARBOR...and...
NEW HAVEN
Awarded first Prize
Class H
for fine Portraiture
Gold Medal?ciIILIII




,;SCrNKWIIEt' inFJYrc'YKnnnnr"I1Mhn;YWYWr;Yrhk


AND STEAMSHIP LINES                  // 
IC \grhe skillful management of
\ichigan graduates ren/  ered possible the construction
ri               l               and  subsequent success of 
the )nn Alrbor Railroad, and
on the other hand University
men are indebted to that Rail- |
road for their only convenient |
|                                means of access to points 
A ND1Hnorth or South of Inn LlrS
|bor.  Whitmore take, that 
deligftful resort of students,
and Coledo, one of the largest
feeders of the University, can
be reached only by this line, 
hich is indeed the "Rey"t 
|to mlihigan, as a glance at
the map shows.
dJ. J. KIRBY, A. G. P. A.
TOLEDO, OHIO. 
'^^mm      _mWmmmvm            m Mm  m    T         OHIO




,nLm. Arnold,
j eweller,
I\          3 X   fnn Rrbor, Micb.
D SO MR. ARNOLD, the Leading JewelR I s  ler of Ann Arbor, University men are
<  vf\ indebted for a great variety of unique and
<  bea utbeautiful designs of Michigan 
Pins. These Pins are made of
~~   '""    Sterling Silver, are finished either 
in silver or in gilt, and are hard
enamelled in yellow and blue.
Some of them have a square back-ground of blue
with the letter M appearing thereon in yellow;
others are shield-shaped; and an especial favorite
is a pennant which shows the word "Michigan"
in a ground divided diagonally between yellow
and blue. Undoubtedly the line of U. of M. Pins
kept by Mr. Arnold is the most extensive as well
as the most interesting in the market.
This establishment is also well known to
Michigan students for its Souvenir Spoons, which
display the colors of the University, and contain
an excellent likeness of the Main Building.
wIw        w




GEORGE WAnRI
Publisher and             I      r OTH in his down
Bookseller to the            I     town store and
in his establishUniversity of                ment near the campus 
Mr. Wahr carries a cornMichigan                     plete line of text-books, 
new and second-hand,
105 North Main Street,            for every department
310 South   State Street,          of the University.  He
makes   specialties  of
(A-. M.AN  ARBOR  law-books and medical...ANN ARBOR
' | '.'.-. ANN AR<BOR | books, offers special
______~^__~ ------— discounts on miscellaneous books, imports directly foreign books and periodicals, and buys and sells libraries.
Mr. Wahr's publishing department is of large and growing
importance.  It includes, among many others, the following publications: the late Professor Watson's celebrated Tables for the Calculation of Interest and Discount, and the Values of Annuities,
etc.; Campbell's Hand-book of Practical Astronomy; Cole's Theory
of Substitutions and its Application to Algebra; Harrington and
Hussey's Translation of Dr. Dziobek's Mathematical Theory of
Planetary Motions; Warthin's Practical Pathology for Students and
Physicians; Huber's Directions for Work in the Histological Laboratory; Novy's Directions for Laboratory Work; Smith's Edition of
Cheever's Select Methods in Inorganic Quantitative Analysis; and
Matthew's Syllabus of Lectures on Pharmacology and Therapeutics
in the University of Michigan.
The sophomores of '76 were to use the words of The Chronicle, " Not half as big fools as some persons think."  Their instructor in Mathematics required them  to bring exercise II, page 28,
Olney's Calculus, in on paper.  They borrowed a nice solution and
figure from a junior, had a photographer make 100 copies, and
sent them in.




PARKER,


COLBURN &


SCUNEIDER


200 E. WASHINGTON ST.,.. ANN ARBOR..


D  1HIS firm is one of the most important of the Hardware dealers of
Michigan, It furnishes the largest
line in Ann Arbor Stoves and Ranges,
and has equipped most of the fraternity
houses.  Its extensive establishment in
East Washington Street will well repay a
visit.




PAdz   Sigma Nu, a fraternity
not as yet represented
at Michigan, was found<  ed about thirty years
ago in the Virginia Military Academy, and has many branches in
the South and West.




hE  ' ' ' 4   ' r r r A  r r r r 4Alr  r  4 r   r hhEVIAhAAc


MACK & CO.,


DRY GOODS,
CLOAKS,
FURS,
MILLINERY,
GOWNS,
SHOES,
CLOTHING,
ART GOODS, ETC.
222-224 South Main St.


FURNITURE,
HOUSE
FURNISHINGS,
LAMPS,
SILVERWARE,
l'  ~NOTIONS,
CHINA,
GLASSWARE,
300-304 South Main St.


In two large and distinct establishments
Mack & Co. supply all the necessaries and
most of the luxuries of life so far as clothing and furniture are concerned. It is impossible to give, in short space, an adequate
description of either of the two stores, which
must be visited to be properly appreciated.


BADGE OF PHI
KAPPA SIGMA


MACK & CO.


CHRISTIAN MACK, PRESIDENT          W. D. HARRIMAN, VICE-PRESIDENT
CHARLES E. HISCOCK, CASHIER              M. J. FRITZ, ASST. CASHIER
Ann Arbor Savings Bank
ANN ARBOR, MICH.
CAPITAL STOCK, $50,000.                     SURPLUS, $150,000.
Organized under the General Banking Laws of this State. Receives deposits,
buys and sells exchange on the principal cities of the United States. Drafts
cashed upon proper identification. Safety deposit boxes to rent.
vL ~vv vvvvv~ ~ vvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvv^^^ vv- - - - ~~ ~ ~ v vvvvI1(




7Wa|r We do not intend to give you anything of that kind. We will leave
all that for the very enterprising
ll"k daily newspapers They can give
_v___   you that in "chunks "-sometimes
too large to swallow.  But the
kind of talk we intend to give you can be
easily swallowed, if taken according to directions. We Print and Bind Books and do any
and all kinds of Job Work in the latest and
most up-to-date manner. But we charge you
for it-Don't allow anyone to mislead you on
that point. Yet, all things considered-material and workmanship-we do not charge
more than others in the same line of business.
Our prices are as low as is consistent with
good work. We do not expect much work
during the hot, summer months, but after you
have had your vacation and we have had
ours, it will be about September 15, then
we want you to bring all the work that has
accumulated during the summer into our office
and let us figure on it. Then if we cannot
satisfy you, take it to the other place. Then,
again, if their workmanship does not satisfy
you, profit by experience and bring the next
to us.,t     A  The Inland Press,
Ann Arbor, Mich.






~~~ 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ' 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LA ~~~~~~~~ ' 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A~~~~~r   ' ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ICAAAA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~AI~~~~~~~~~~~~A~~~~~~~~~~~A~~~~~ ~~~~


L. B.
KING
& CO.,
Importers
and China
Merchants
103 WOODWARD AVE.,
DETROIT, MICH.


Fine China Dinner and
Course Sets
Hawke's
CUT
GLASS
Toilet Ware
Jardenieres
Palm-Pots and Pedestals
Umbrella Stands
Bric-a-Bracs
Etc., Etc.
WRITE
FOR
OUR
CATALOGUE
OF
"WHITE CHINA"
FOR
DECORATION
AGENTS
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I




Awarded Grand Prize
Cup by the Michigan 
Photographers' Association, 1898;  also     'W
Gold and Silver Med.
als.      Awarded Medal 
by the Photographers'.. Photographer
Studio:
Cor. Mlain and huron Sts.
RENTSCHLER'S NEW CABINETS
the most Artistic Photographs
ever made in Ann Arbor......


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thbe Uniersity of michigan
HE University of Michigan comprises a department of Literature, Science, and the Arts,
and six professional schools, each of which
has its own Faculty and issues every year a
separate departmental announcement. In 1897-98 the
various faculties aggregated one hundred and fortynine officers of instruction, besides numerous assistants, some of whom participate in the work of
teaching. More than three thousand two hundred
students were in attendance.
THE DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE.
AND THE ARTS, and THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, provide
lines of study leading to the Bachelors' degrees, the
Masters' degrees, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and the degree of Doctor of Science. The DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING offers courses leading
to degrees in Engineering. The DEPARTMENT OF
MEDICINE AND SURGERY and THE HOM(EOPATHIC
MEDICAL COLLEGE offer work leading to the degree
of Doctor of Medicine. THE DEPARTMENT OF LAW
provides courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor
of Laws and Master of Laws. THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY offers work leading to the degrees of Pharmaceutical Chemist and Bachelor of Science. THE COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY provides work leading to
the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery.
The FEES are: A matriculation fee of $10.00 for
citizens of Michigan, $25.00 for all others, paid on
entering the University, and paid but once; and an
annual fee for incidental expenses, which, in the
Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts,
and Graduate School, is fixed at $30.00 for Michigan
students, $40.00 for all others; in the Professional
Departments the annual fee is fixed at $35.00 for
Michigan students, and $45.00 for all others. In
addition, there is a fee of $10.00 for graduation.
For the University Calendar, and special announcements of the different departments, address
JAMES H. WADE, Secretary.
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN.