A HISTORICAL COMPENDIUM COMPRISING,}npo0rtaix ant'ntrtslErsg,lms IN THE'ISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, BY H. TUTTLE. NINETEENTH EDITION WITH ADDITIONS. INDIANAPOLIS: PUE S OP INDIANAPOLIS JOURNAL COMPANY. JULY 4, 1860. A HISTORICAL COMPENDIUM COMPRISING IN TlHE 8'1()J{Y OF E. IJiT.rE'D) i5 TA ES, BY B-I'TU'TTLE, INETEENTH EDITION WITH ADDITIONS. INDIANAPOLIS& PRESS OF 1NDYIANATOLIS JOURNAL CO',PANY, HISTOIRICAL COMPENDIU1M Has the Continent of America been known for a long time? No; only about three hundred and sixty-two years. By whom was it discovered? By ChristopILer Columbus. Was it inhabited before? Yes; it was inhabited by savages or Indians. Why did Columbus think of finding land on this side of the ocean? He found the bodies of two men on the shore, of a different complexion from the natives of Europe, after the wind had been blowing from this way. To whom did he apply for ships and men to come with him to search for the American continent? To his native country Genoa; to Henry VII, King of England; and finally to Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain. Who granted him a fleet of ships, and men and provisions? Ferdinand and Isabella. From what place did he set sail? From Palos, in Spain, in the year 1492. TWhat course did he sail. West. What singular event occured'? The needle in his compass, which had formerly pointed to the north, was seen to incline toward the West.`What did they say to this? They feared that they should all perish; and threatened to throw their commander into the sea if he would not return, What did he propose to them? That if they would continue on three days longer and did not find land, he would return. Did they find land before the end of three days? They did; on the third night, about midnight, they saw a light. What Island did they discover first? San Salvador. From whom did the continent derive its namne e From Americus Vespucius. Had he a right to that honor? No; it properly belonged to Columbus the first discover. Who attempted to first establish a settlement in America? Jasper Coligni, the head of the Protestant sect in France. Who are the Protestants? Those who protested against a decree of Charles V. and the diet of Spires, and appealed to a general Council. Where was the first settlement made in North America? At Jamestown, in Virginia, 1607. What principal men came over with the first settlers? Captain John Smith. Was he ever taken prisoner by the Indians? He was. Who saved his life' Pocahontas, the daughter of the Indian King. How did she do it? She interceded with lier father to save his life, when the Indians were about to put him to death. Was she afterward a friend to the Engl;sh? Yes; when the Indians had laid a plan to destroy all the whites, she came a long journey to Jamestown, on a dark and dreary night; and told Captain Smith. What became of her? She was carried to England, and married to a very respectable man by the name of Rolfe. Are any of her descendants living in V7irginia? Yes; some of the most respectable families in the state claim to be descendants from her. Was Captain Smith ever chosen President? Yes; and he was the means of preserving the colony from the cruelty and treachery of the Indians. Were slaves introduced into Virginia soon after its settlement? They were; but, the people believed it inhuman to hold them, and did all in their power to prevent it. What did the officers of the Iting do? They favored the practice of transporting thle wretched negroes from their homes, and keeping them in bondage for their own co. nyenience. Who were as1ong the eaire.st sett liers of.Massaoehustts? A Mr. John Robinson and a part of his congregation. Why (did they come to this country? That they might be allowed to worship God in their own way, without being molested. Did they suffer many hardships? Yes; nearly half their numbel perished before the next spring, from cold and for want; of food. What were they called? Puritans. Why were they called Puritans? They were so called by their enemies, who ridiculed them for their strictness in religion. What Awas the cause of the first war with the Indians? The Indians feared that the whites would become so numerous as to overcome them. With what tribes was it carried on? The Pequods and Narragansetts. Who of the Judges that condemned King Charles I. to death, came over to this country? Whaley and Goffe, who lived and died here. What were the causes of the wars with the Indians? They had sold their land to the white people, who had cleared it up and destroyed their game. Who was the leader in this war? Philip, a sachem of the tribe living in the boundaries of Plymouth and Rhode Island. -What was his character? A fearless, ambitious, and desperate soldier, as ever stood at the head of an army. Were many of the whites destroyed? Yes; they were often shot when they opened their doors in the morning, in the fields, and at church. Many villages were burnt, and the people within killed or carried off by tthe Indians. Did tte white people finally conquer the Indians? Yes they killed one ttlolusand warriors, and took three hundred pirisoners. 1Was Philip killed? Yes; by one of his own men, whose brother hc ndat shot for proposing to surrender to the whites When was New Halmpshire mapde a separate colony? In the year 1,680, What took place hin Salemn, MIas, in 1692? The people believed that there were witches among them who had the power of bewitching others. What was done with those who were supposed to be witches? Nineteen persons were foolishly put to death, and many more were imprisoned. When was the first settlement made in New Hampshire? In the year 1623. How many persons met at Exeter to form a civil government? Thirty-five. Did this Colony suffer from Indian wars? Yes; the town of Dover and the settlement of Oyster river, suffered severely. Who came over in 1719? About one hundred families, mostly Presbyterians, from the north of Ireland. What did they bring with them? Potatoes, and the foot spinning-wheel. Who settled Hartford in Connecticut? Rev. Mr. Hooker, and about one hundred men, women and children, belonging to his congregation. -Where did they go from? Cambridge, in Massachusetts. How long did they travel through the wilderness? Two weeks. How did they subsist? On the milk of the cows they drove with them. 1-lad the Colony of Connecticut any wars with the Indians? Yes; they suffered as much or more than any others from the Pequods. When was Yale College founded? In the year 1708. From whom does it derive its name? From Elihu Yale, who made several donations to it. By whom was Rhode Island settled? By Roger Williams. How did he obtain the lands of the Indians? By purchase. What was his character? A very benevolent man. He not only endeavored to do all the good he was able among the white people, but he learned the Indian language, and instructed and improved thelm. B)id the Colony increase in populattaIn i It did. What was the reason of it? Because his government tolerated all religions. What was the number of inhabitants in less than one hundred years after it was settled? Eighteen thousand. How many in 126 years after it was settled? Forty thousand. When was Brown University founded? In the year 1764. Who gave five thousand dollars towards it? Mr. Brown. Why did Williams call the place where he settled Providence? In gratitude to God for directing and preserving him, and who had disposed the Indians to sell him land. By whom was New Yorlk discovered? By Henry Hudson, who gave the name to Hudson river. By whom was it first settled? By the Dutch in 1613. What was New York called by the lndiias?'M\anh attan. Whence do New York and ilbany derive their name? From the Dukes of York and Albany. How long since New Yorlk was imade a city? About one hundred and sixty five years. What were the negroes of New York accused of a little before the Revolu tionary war? Of attempting to burn the city and make one of their number governor. Were any put to death? Yes; fourteen were burned, eighteen were hung, and seventy-one were transported. Is it probable that they had any intention of burning the city? It was not proved sufficiently clear to justify them in putting so many to death. WThen was George C'inton appointed Goverllor' In i743. By whom was New Jersey settled? By the Dutch, tile Swedes, and Finns, in the year 1624. WVvhy was it called New Jersev? After the Govenor of the Island of Jersey, in England. Wlhen was Princeton College founded? In 1738. v whor -was beolasware seti.led' By the Swedes and Finns. What.wls it called? 6 The Territiories. " H.ow was it.overnedf for twenty years? As a part of Pennsylvania. Who w-!s the foutider of Pennsylvania? William Penn. W-hy was this tract of land grainted to him by tlie king? As a compensation for services which his father had renderted to the British nation. To what religious denomination did lie belong'? 1 o the Quakers. At what rate did lhe sell his land to the first settlers? T'wenty potunds for every thousand acres. llow was it rented? At one penny yearly, per acre. Did Penn always live in peace with the Indians? Yes,; he cultivated pea.pce vij h them and agreed to -ettle all their differences, by judgments of men ciosen on both sides. What hind of Government did he form? A government calculated to support the ruling autlhority, arid protect the rights of the people. Did Penn's laws support morality? They did; they expressly forbade anything calculated to make men cruel or wicked. For what are the Pennsylvanians noted? For industry, economy, and good order. Who first attempted a settlement in Maryland? A Lord Baltimore. Who was the first Governor? E[is brother, Leonalrd Calvert. Who dire.ted the aftairs of the Colony for a long time' Cecil, his eldest son, a iman of understanding and bec nevolenee, Who firest sel-t!id forllNth (l-rnlia a? A few Virginlians iwho -wvere persecuted for their religion. Woinli (id thev 1 req t e tto frm fir thetle a Constilution? The cele(brated J3ohn Lockte. Did thie people receive it?, No; it was too aristocratic for l'epublicans. What Indians (lid they have war with? The Tuscarora and Coree tribes. sWhat was the first place settled in South Caroliisa Ch arleston. From what diet it derive its name? King Charles II., who t!hen reigned in England. Did this Colony suffer from Iundian wars? Yes; the Indians attempted to extirpate the whites, but they were finally vanquislhed. What were some of the peculiar laws of Georgia? That the land should descend to the male children only; they also prohibited the use of rum1 and the imnportation of slaves. What celebrated Methodist preacher caine over to Georgia? John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist society; a pious and popular preacher. Who came over two years afterwards? Rev. George Whitefield, one of the most eloquent and pious ministers the world ever produced. What did he attempt to do? To found an Orphan Asylum, where poor children might be supported and educated. With whom did the Georgians have war? With the Spaniards. What did they soon begin to cultivate? Rice and Indigo. What is the war called that took place in America in 17,56? The French War. Whom was ii; between? The French and English. Which side did the Americans join? The English. W'hy? Because they were under the British Government. Where were the English settlements? Tlhey occupied the whole coast on the Atlantic, from Newfoundland to Florida. Where were the French settlements? On the river St. Lawrence, from its mouth to Montreal; they also had somee trading-houses on Lake Ontario; they also founded the city of New Orleans, -at the South. What was the cause of the war? They took some English traders prisoners, who were rading on the Ohio, and carried thern to Canada. Whom did Governor D1inwiddie send as a lnessenger to the commander of the French army? George Washington. What was his age at this tinme? Twenty-one years3 How did he perform this duty' With great bravery and expedition. Was he afterward of service to the English army? Yes; lie saved a great part of the army from being massacred by the Indians when Gen. Braddock was killed. Who was the British Commander? Gen. Webb. ~Who was the French commander? Gen. Montcalm. What distinguished General was killed At Quebec? Gren. Wolfe. When was peace coneluded? In the year 1763. What was the result? The French gave to England all their northern settlements in America. What was the cause of the Revolutionary war? The British nation attempted to impose unreasonable taxes upon the Colonies. What did they require? That the American colonies should assist in defraying the expenses of the French war. Why did the Colonies refuse? Because they had already borne their full part of the expense. Of what did the American colonies complain, as to the manner in which taxes were imposed on them? That Great Britian desired to tax them, without allowing them to be represented in Parliament. Was this unjust? Yes; it was treating them as slaves rather than as freemen. How did they altempt to impose a tax upon the Colonies? By laying a tax upon the paper upon which notes and other obligations were w ritten. What was this act called? The Stamp Act. How did they oblige the Americans to use this paper' They passed a law that no obligation should be] valid in law, unless it was written upon stamped paper. l 1 Iid the ( rblooies resist this oppreesion? Yes; associations were formed in nmost of the States to resist this law; many of the houses of British officers were entered, and several of them resigned their offices. VWhat title was gives!, to the Stamp Act in New York? The folly of England and the ruin of America." 3n t:what articles (11(id Great Britian lay a tatx? On teas, glass, etc. How was this resisted by the people of Boston? About twenty persons, in the dress of Mohawk Indians, boatrded a vessel in the harbor, and threw three hundred and forty-two chests of tea into the ocean. Who was the able defender of American rights in the British Parliament? Wm. Pitt, the Earl of Chathamn. Where was the first battle fought? At Lexington, April 19th, 1775. The second on Breed's Hill, (now called Bunker Hill,) near Boston, in June, 1775. How many were killed and wounded of the respective parties, in the second battle? One thousand and fifty-four of the British, and four hundred and fifty-three of the Americans. -What distinguished man was hilled? Doct. Warren, a firm patriot; he hld a few days before been elected Major General; he was a man beloved by all the advocates of freedom. Who was appointed Comu mander-in-chief of the American forces? George Washington; lie had been distinguished for his military skill in the French War, and was admired and beloved by his country. WVhat was tile result of the expedition against Canada? It ultimately failed; although, in many instances, the greatest bravery was exhibited by the American soldiers. What difficulties did they encounter' All the difficulties incident to traveling through a frozen and uninlhabited country; they were visited with famine and disease, and, in almost every engagement, were obliged to cont nld with lan enemv far superior to them in numbers. What brave offieer was killed? Generali i'iontgomery, in attempting to storm the fort at Quebec; one of the most daring enterprises that was ever undertaken by man. Was his death much lamented? It was; he was one of the most devoted friends of liberty. What were his parting words to:his wife? "You shall never blush for your Montgomery. Did Congress erect a monument to his memory? They (lid; and his bones have since been removed to New York. WT~ho were the Committee appointed by Corgress to prepare a Declaration of Independence?.Messrs. Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston.''lWhen was it adopted? On the 4th day of July, 1776. What was the pusrport of it? That they believed all men created equal; that the conduct of the King and Parliament of Great Britian were purely tyrannical; and that the United Colonies were, and of right ought to be, fiee and independent States. What enterprise did Washington perform at Trenton? With 2400 men he crossed the Delaware River, surprised a body of Hessians, took nine hundred prisoners, and recrossed the river, losing but nine of his own men. Who were victorious at Trenton and Princeton? The Americans. What brave officer was killed at Princeton? Gen. Mercer, and several others; and Lieut. James Monroe, afterward Presidentof the United States was wounded. Who was sent to France to solicit assistance? D,,ct. Franklin, and others. Did the French Ministers assist the Americans? Yes;; they allowed aims to be taken friom the public arsenals, and conveyed to this country. What distinguished young nobleman came over to this country? The Marquis de La Fayette; he most disinterestedly volunteered his services, without pay, in the American cause. What was the fate of the British army under General Burgoyne? After repeated battles, he surrendered his whole army to theAmericanis, under Gen. Gates, on the 17th of Oct.., 1777.'What, effet hlad this victory upon the Americanls? It rejoiced and encouraged them. l,;,-i' c-ie rhe h Britishl eoldierms treatedl As friends. Were the Americamls equally victorious at Germantown? No; they unfortun ately- lost twelve hundred men, and!lhe British lost. but, Six hundred. 11. W as this owinll to wvant of valor in the American soldiers?' No; the British in their retreat, threw themselves into a large stone house, where they were safe themselves, and which enabled them to turn a most destructive fire upon the Amnericarns. WVhat was the state of the Amnerican Army under Gen. Washington, at the end of the yewAr 1778? They were destitute of shoes, and might often be tracked by the blood of their feet; yet such was the att,chment to liberty that they endured their sufferings without a murmur. What means did the British use to seduce Generat Reed to persuade the, Americans to give up the war, and again subinit to the government of Great Britain? They offered him ten thousand pounds, and any office which the King could give him in the Colonies. What was his answer? "I am nut worth purchasing; but such as I am, the King of Great Britain is not rich enough to buy me.' WVhat was the result of the battle of Monanouth? The British retreated, and lost five hundred men, while Americans lost three hundred. What was the conduct of Gen. Gray, a British officer, at Trenton He refused all quarter to his prisoners who cried for mercy. What was the result of' the war in 1778? The British had gained nothing toward subduing the Colonies; and the Americans contrived to exert every nerve for their independence. What distinguished officer was killed at Savannah? Count Pulaski, a celebrated Polish nobleman; who, after despairing of liberty in his own country, generously volunteered to acquire it in ours. What was the effect of Gen. Sullivan's expedition against the Indians, in the western part of the State of New York? He destroyed their houses and towns, and returned, losing but foirty men. HIow!nany British Prisoners were taken at Stony Point, on the Hudson River? Five hundred; and fifty others were killed. Who was the commander? General Anthony Wayne. WhFat was remarkable in this victory?'T'he Americans entered the Fort witli fixed bayonets, not having their guns loaded. What did Congress present to Gert. Wayne? A gold medal. 14 tlov dide Con)gress pay thlir,rmy'? In paper money. Did it reta.in its val ue? No; thirty dollars came to be worth no more than one in silver~.Did this bear hard upon the a.rmy. Yes; the pay of thle hig'hest ofilcer was\ scarcely sufficient to provir!e n-ecessary clothing.,What (lid General Arnold attelmpt to do at West Point? To give up the American Fort to the British. Ilid h e effect it? No; the plot was revealed by the capture of Major Andre. What was done with Major Andre? He was hung as a spy. What did he offer his captors to release lim? A gold watch and a purse of gold. Was it right to hang a man because he was a spy? This is according to the law of nations. What was the result of the battle of Cowpens? One hundred British were killed, and five hundred made prisoners. WVloat was thie result of the battle of Charlest.osn? The whole A'merican Army wats surrendered prisoners of war. Was this owing to misconduct on the part. of the Americans? No; but the force of the enemy amounted to three times the number of the Americans, What was the conduct of the Britishi Colonel, Tarlton, at Waxhaw C(reek? lHe barbarously refused quarter to the American soldiers, when they cried for mercy. What effect had this, and other similar conduct of the enemy, upon the minds of the Americans? It only increased their hatred toward the British, and made thenl more resolved to procure their liberty or die in the attempt. That xras the success of tihe Anmerican army under Gen. Sumpter? They defeated the enemy a number of times, and, in one engagelement, only nine escaped out of three hundred. Weler t!;e Bitilish afterwards successful in the South? They were; and Cornrwallis thought t'hat he ha;d suppressed every fe::ling of patLriotism in that region of country. Was there any discontent in the A.ierican Arimy at the close of the 5 ear 17807 There was; the soldiers had, doubtless, just reason of complaint; they were not paid, or supplied with provisions, probably, even to an extent equal to the power of Congress. 15 Did their sufsbrings induce tllemn to givte up the cause of their country?, No. WFhat evidence is there that they renllused true to theii country? Several British emissaries met them at Princeton, and ofiered them large rewards if they would enlist in the British service; but they refused these offers. What did the United States do to relie-ve the sufferings of the arnly? They raised three raonths' pay, and forwarded it to -them in specie. WBhy was this better than if it had been to the same amount ill,aper? The notes which Congress had issued, lnad depreciated so much that scarcely any one would receive them. Did any others, beside the army, suffer from the depreciation of the paper currency? Yes; as this was almosts the only paper in the country, many of the inhabitants had their whole property in it Many lost a part, and some their whole property by it. Was not this hard? It was, for many; but we ought to consider that this was lost in a cause to which we owe our liberty. What particular providence induced the Americans to believe they wele favored by Heaven? At two several times, the rivers Catawba and Yadkin were rendered impassable by heavy falls of rain when the British and American armies lay on opposite sides of them; and when the British, being greatly superior, were endeavoring to overtake and destroy the Americans. What was the result of the battle of the 8th of September, 1781? The loss was great on both sides. The Americans lost nearly five hundred, and the British seven hundred. What act of cruelty did the British soldiers commit at Fort Griswold? The British officer, after Col. Ledyard had delivered up his sword, with unparalleled meanness and cruelty, plunged it into his bosom; and this example was followed by his soldiers, with a slaug'hter of 120 Americans, who were supplicating fbr mercy. What extranordinary victory was obtained at Yorkltow-un, on the 19th of October;, 1781? Conwfallis surrendered lis whole army, amounting' to seven thousand men, as prisoners of wa1r. Did the Amr-ricans there retaliate the cruelty and barbarity of the British at Fort Griswold? No; they generously spared each man, the moment he ceased to resist. low oughllt we to esteem the conduct of the American soldiery compoaret with that of the British'? When we consider the example which had so recently been set by the enemy, the conduct of the Am.:ricans appears magnanimous beyond description. What effect had this victory upon the people of the United States? They united in rendering, with grateful hearts, tlhanksgiving and praise to the Giver of all good, for the decisive victory he had enabled them to gain. What effect did this victory have upon the British Parliament? This lose of a second entire army, extinguished the hope that they would be able to subject the Colonies. What effect had it upon some distinguished patriots? Some were so overjoyed that they were deprived of reason; and one aged patriot in Philadelphia, (the docrkeeper of Congress,) actually died of joy. Who were appointed ministers on the part of the United States, to treat with the British Parliament? John Adams, Ben. Franklin, John Jay and Henry Laurens. Who was appointed on the part of P'arliameint? Mr. Oswald. When was peace concluded? On the third day of September, 1783. What was the result of the treaty? The great object for which the patriots contended, and in which they had embarked their lives, was fully attained. "The independence of the States was acknowledged." When was the American Army disbanded? In November, 1783. They then returned to their homes, and enjoyed, with their fellow-citizens, the liberty they had purchased with much labor and self-denial. General Washington, having resigned his office of commander, retired to Mount Vernon, beloved and respected. What was the cause of discontent in many, after the close of the war? Many were deeply in debt, which discouraged commerce. W~_hlat (lid Congress apply to the States for poswer to do? For the privilege of regulating commerce, and collecting a revenue from it. W: hich of the States rlefused? New York. what aid the State of Massachusett alttempt to enforcel?'lThat the Legislature should issue paper money, in order to enable the people to pay their debts. When was the Constitultion of the Unvted States formed? A Convention of all the States (except Rhode Island) met at Philadelphia, for the purpose, in 1 787. Who was the President of this Convenltion? The venerable George Washington; equally illustrious as a soldier and a statesman, How long were they enlgaged in forming the Constitution? About four months. t;Tas this an arduous task? It was truly so; it was no less than forming the rules by which a free people should govern themselves. H:ave posterity honored the labor of these veterans of the Revolution? They have; amid all the storms and factions of more than half a century, "this Constitution" has stood like a venerable monumnent, revered and admired by all the friends of liberty. Of what is the government of the United States composed? Of three parts; legislative, executive and judicial. Of what does the legislalsive deparl-tment consist? Of the Senate and House of RBepresentatives; and is styled the Congress. How often are the Senators chosen, and by whomn Ornce in six years, by the state legislatures. Hiow often are the nmeeibers of the -louse of R.epresentatives chosen, antl iby whom? Once in two years, by the people. In whom is the executive power vested? In the President. By whom, and for how long, is he chosen? He is chosen for four years, by electors, appointed as the state legislature shall prescribe. What offlces devolve upon the Presilent by the Crnstitution? He is Cotsniander-in- Cief of the land and naval forces; lhe nomtinates lo thle Yeniate ill officets of the general giovernment; an a fith tia th tdvce i and eon.ent of' twothilrs of that bhoty, ratifies tleaties. xVi n: arel the duties of th!e Vice Presidlent? He is cihosen at t6e st:.t.ei time, and in tle same nmanner as the President; performs all the duties of the President when that offict( is vacant by death, resignation or removal, and is President of thle Senate. (a-n the President, or either House of Congress, pass a law of thelnselvsE.? No; both Houses must concur, and thle President must approve of it. What if the President does not approve of a bill passed by a majority of' both Houses of Congress? It cannot become a law, unless it is passed by two-thirds of both houses. What powers are vested in Congress? To declare war; to raise and support armies; to provide and maintain a navy; to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; to regulate commerce to coin money; and all other powers of a general and national character. In what does the judicial power consist? It is vested in a Supreme Court, and such inferior Courts as Congress may establish; its authority extends to all cases of maritime jurisdiction; to all controversies between citizen'; of different states, and between. foreigners and citizens, Who was chosen first President? George Washington. -'rho was elected Vee-President? John Adayms; a distinguished civiiian, patriot and statesman. %ferle Washington and Adams re-elected? They were. W iho was the opposing candidate to Mr. Adams? Georg)e Clinton, of eow Yor1k. Whe was appointed, ito 1791, to lead the war against the Indians? General Way-ne. Did he effect a treaty? He did; one which was long and faithfully observed, and which secured peace to our northern frontiers. Who was chosen secoend President? John Adams. Who was the'op))Csiing candcidate? Thomas Jefferson.'3o what cffice was 7J r. Jeffersons electsed? To that of Vice President. 5Wthen did General Ws7ashington (lie? On the 14th of December, 1799. How did Conoeress honor his mnemor-? The Speaker's chair was shrouded in black, and the members wore black the.remainder of the session. in wNiat langfuae was his eharacdter described? "First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymeni." Who wa:s elected third President? Thlomas Jefferson. Who was elected Vice President? Aaron B urr. VWhat was the number of inhabitants in 1800? Five millions, tlree hundred and nineteen thousand, seven hundred and ninety-two. Who was the fourth President? James Madison. VWA7as Mr. M adison re elected? I-le was. Who was the opposing candidate? De WAitt Clinton, of N&ew York. When was war declared between Great Britain and the United States? On the 18th of June, 1812. What were thle causes of this war? One principal cause was the habit of impressing cititizens of the United States, and obliging them to serve on board British vessels. Was~ this practice continued for a loin gtihme? Yes; ever since the peace of 1733, and all remonstrances against it appeared in vain.'What w-as another cause of this war? Great Britain and France, being at enmity, each had passed laws prohibiting the United States, and other neutral nations, from trading with the other. VWhy was not war also declared against France? Bonaparte revoked the decrees on the part of France, which prohibited the United States from trading with England. lWhat were these decrees called? The Berlin and Miian decrees. Did great Britian refuse to revoke the orders in cousneil9' whichl prohibited the Unlited States from tradingl withi France? Yes' although it was oi'reed by their ministers, Mr. Erskine, that it should be done as soon as Bonaparte sJouldc revoke the "6 Berlin and MYfilan decrees." -low did these decrees of France and Great Britain, injure the Unllited States? By restraining commerce3; which injured, very mate rially, all who were engaged in it, and produced a general stagnation of business of every kind. IWhere were the Americans most successful 9 On the ocean, and on the lakes; although several victories were obtained on land, the success was very variable. Weho was appointed Cornlnainder-in-chief of our armies in tlhis war? General Dearborn, of Massachusetts. What mortifying circumstances occured in Canada? General Hull, who, it was hoped, would hlave conquered thle whole country, surrendered his army prisoners. Was he censured? He was; and justly, for his want of decision and energy if nothing more. How many British vessels were captured during the first seven months of the war q More than five hundred. Where was the principal theatre of this war? Canada. Who commanded the American fleet oh Lake Erie? Commodore Perry. Did ihe obtain a victory over the British fleet? He did; and was Dmuch hlonored for his bravery,, as well as the bravery of his men. Who was sent against The Souther-rn indi-;.ns? General Jackson. Was he victorious? Yes; after many bloody libattles, in which the Indians fought with great desperation. What was done by Congress t. nmeet the expenses of tlhe war? The President was authorized to borrow twenty-five millions of dollars, and to issue Treasury notes to the amount of five millions. What contributed t-o resnder peace with Great Briltiam doublfnl, unless on disadvantageous tirms? There being a universal peace in Europe, England was enabled to blin:g all its forces to be~ar aogainst. it. What was the result of the baltile of Cthi-,ippew? The British were repulsed with the loss of1- 500i. Who were victorious at the tbattle of Niagara? The Americans gained the field, but they lost the largest number of nmen. 21 What was the result of the battle on Lake Champlain? The Americans were decisively victorious, both on the lake and in the land army. What occured in the city of Washington? The city was captured by the British, and many of the public buildings were burnt; an event, however, which was rather disgraceful to the enemy, as a sense of honor generally spares the Capitol from destruction among civilized nations. What was the result of the battle of New Orleans? Two thousand of the enemy were killed or wounded, while but seven men were lost on the part of the Americans. On what terms was peace concluded? The orders in council, the principal cause of the war, were repealed. When d(lid this event take place In December, 1814..Have the United States enjoyed peace ever since? They have; except some Indian wars of minor consequence, and with the exception of the Mexican war, which resulted in the acquisition of New Mexico and California. Gen. Scott and Gen. Taylor distinguished themselves in this war. The people of the United States have less to fear from enemies abroad than from corruption at home. By whom was the government administered immediately after the war? By James Monroe, who was elected President in 1816, by a large majority over his competitors. Was Mr. Monroe re-eleted? Yes; and by an unanimons vote of the electoral college. Who succeeded him? John Q. Adams, son of John Adams, a former President. What was remarkable in his elietion?'There were four candidates for the office; neither of them having a majorily of all the electoral votes, as is required by the United States Constitution, it devolved on the States, as represented in Congress, to make choice out of the three highest in votes. Who were these? Andrew Jackson had 99 votes; John Q. Adams lsad 84 votes; Henry Clay had 37 votes; and Win. H. Crawford had 41 votes. The candidates, therefore, were Messrs. Jackson, Adams and Crawford. Mr. Clay's friends, generally, gave their weight and influene to Mr. Adapmto, who was utly e2 kt'ed, How long did he serve'? One term only, or four years, Who was his successor? Andrew Jackson was elected by a large majority over MIr. Adams, his competitor. Who were Gen. Jackson's competitors at his re-election? Mr. Clay of Kentucky, the National Republican candidate, and William XWirt, of Virginia, the Anti-Miasonic candidate. What was remarkable in this election? That though, in many of the States, the National Republican and Anti-Masonic parties mad'- common cause by uniting their forces, yet the great popularity of Gen. Jackson, secured his re-election by a large majority. What was the state of public opinion toward Gen. Jaclson, immediately after his re-election? The wisdom, energy, and prudence he displayed in relation to the threatened secession of South Carolina from the Union, and particularly his proclamation on that subject, united in his favor nearly all the "' good men and true" of all parties, except the Nullifiers of South Carolina, and literally made him and his measures a tower of strength, and a pledge of the Union's safety. GWho was Gen. Jackson's successor? Martin Van Buren, of New York. Who were his competitors? Gen. William Henry Harrison, of Ohio; Hugh L. WVhite of Tennessee; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts; and William P. Mangum, of North Carolina. The latter of whomn received only the electoral vote of South Carolina. How long (lii he serve? One term only, of four years.'Who was his successor? Gen. William Hen-ry Harrison, of Ohio, who died one month from his inauguration, and was succeeded by John Tyler, of Virginia, who had been previously elected Vice President. His competitol was JMartin Van Buren. Who sieedeedas Gen tlar-rison? J. ames K. folk, of Temnneasee. -Who was his. com-peutioor enry Clay, of Kienattiikiy. "Who wvas his successor? General Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, as President, and Millard Fillmore as Vice President. Who were General Taylor's competitors? Gen. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, and Martin Van Buren. After his death, which occut red during the first year of his Presidency, who succeeded him? Millard Fillmore, of iNew York. Who succeeded Mr. Fillmore? General Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. Who succeeded Gen. Pierce? James Buchanan, who now fills the office. What is remarkable in relation to the Presidents generally? But four out of the nine have had sons; the sixth is the son of the second, and the sixth is one of the four who have had male progeny. What of their length and activity of life? All have lived to a good old age, except Mr. Polk and Gen. Taylor. Monroe was an active magistr ate in his native State, till just previous to his death. Madison continued in that hunable office until his death, which took place in June 28th, 1836. John Quincy Adams continued an active and useful member of Congress until the time of his death, which took place in 1848. What has been remarkable in the death of those who have departed? Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both died on July 4th, 1826, exactly fifty years after the declaration of independence (framed by the first and advocated by the latter) had been adopted by the Revolutionary Congress. James Monroe also died on the 4th of July, 1831. From what part of Europe did most of the first settlers of America emigrate? From Great Britain, the most enlightened country of the eastern world. What was their object in coming to this country' The establishment of civil and religious liberty which were denied to them in Europe. What were the Governmtnts of Europe? Mostly monarchial. What is a monarchial go,ver-.msnt > WI)len the country is ruled by one man, called a king or emperor. What kind of a govrenment did the first emigrants to this country wish for? One in which the people or representatives elected by thlem, should hold the supreme power., U4 What were the religious establishrments of Europe? They consisted of richly endowed establishments, in which the clergy were independent of the people, and mostly regardless of their spiritual good. What kind of religious establishments did they wish? One which was more simple, in which men should be selected for ministers on accouut of their piety, and who should be supported by the benevolence of the people. How were estates divided? The most of the property descended to the oldest; on, by which the younger sons and daughters were often doomed to poverty, although descended fromr rich parents. Did they make a law different from this? Yes; property was divided equally among the children. is the government of the United States sustained at less expense than that of great Britain? Yes; the salary of the Queen of Great Britian is about $3,000,000; that of the President of the United States is but $25,000, and the salaries of all inferior officers of government nearly in the same proportion. What is the difference in the expense of the military peace establishment o f Great Britian and the United States? Great Britian expends for this purpose thirty-four millions of dollars; while the United States expends but little more than five millions. What are the comparative taxes paid by the citizens of the several goveran ment.s?'While an Englishman or Irishman pays fifteen dollars, an American pays but two. What effect does this have on the enterprise of the inhabitants? While the industry of the one is checked lby the thought that a considerable part of his labors must be expended for the support of Government, the other feels tha he is laboring for himself, his taxes being so small a consideration as not to afect him in the least. What is the employment of the greater portion of the citizens of the Unitedl States? That of agriculture, to which they are invited by the fertility of the soil, and the abundance of land. What is the produce of the States? Almost every vegetable which may be used for the food of man, and almost every material used in manufacture. What are the staple articles of the farmer? Whieat, rye, eoran, flax, hemp, ots, and potatoes; and ahi 25 pastures, besides enabling him to make great quantities of butter, produce an abundance of fat cattle and sheep. Where is the most wheat raised? In the Middle and Western States. Where are cotton, rice and sugar cultivated? In the Southern States. What is generally the character of the agricultural class? Industry, morality and general intelligence, His commerce added much to the wealth of the country? It has, very much. PWhat other sources of profit are enjoyed by the States? The cod and whale fisheries. Are manufactures encouraged to a considerable extent? They are mostly in the Eastern States, and in Pennsylvania. Are there any public works worthy of special notice in the United States? There are manvy. ea me a few of them? T he National Turnpike, running through Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio, by the United States[,government; the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, by several of the State Governments; the Pennsylvania canals and railroads by that State; canals and railroads in several other States, and last, not least, the Grand Erie Canal of New York. What of the Erie Canal? It connects the waters of Lake Erie, at Buffalo, with the waters of the Hudson, at Albany. Whlat is the difference in height between these waters? Lake Erie lies 550 feet above the level on the tide water of the Hudson. What is the length and general size of the canal? It is 360 miles in length, and its general dimensions are 40 feet wide at the top, 28 feet wide at the bottom, and having 4 feet of water. The enlargement makes it 70 feet wide, and 7 feet deep. What of the tow-path for the horses that draw the boats? It is generally 10 feet wide, raised from 2 to 5 feet above the level of the canal, and is fenced and bridged, where necessary, at the expense of the State. Are there any long levels, or places where it was not necessary to erect locks on this canal? There is a level of 65 miles, from Lockport to the Gen2 26 nessee river, and another of 691 miles from Syracuse to Frankfort, 91- miles east of Utica. How long was the State employed in constructing it? It wasbegun in 1817, and its whole course finished in 1825. WThat was its original cost? Nine millions twenty-seven thousand and fifty-six dollars. Who deserves credit of carrying the work through by his energy, genius and perseverance? De Witt Clinton, who died Eebruary 11, 1828. What effect had this canal on the settlement of the country through which it runs? Lands wild, and worth but a mere trifle, were settled, cultivated, and became valuable farms; villages scarcely known, became depots for produce, and rapidly increased into cities; and all along the canal the wilderness was changed into busy, wealthy and neat villages, redolent in wealth and comfort. Is there any instance of the general improvement worthy of notice? Yes; the city of Utica. When was it settled? In 1789, by a few families only.'iTWhat was its increase? In 1794 it had increased to 20 families, living in a less number of houses; in 1813 it contained only 1,700 souls; in 1820 it had a population of 2,972 and at the present time upward of 25,000. What of the land on which it stands, and its vicinity? From being a marsh, into which, in many places, a man might easily thrust a rail its full length, the land, by cultivation, has settled, become firm and valuable, and all this before the stumps of the forest, in the city, have all de.. cayed or been removed from it. Is the first house yet standing? The first frame building is now a comfortable dwelling the second is used as an outbuilding One of the first settiers, the builder of the first brick house, the master builders of the oldest churches, the man who felled the timber for the erection of the first bridge (erected here) over the Mohawk, and the first president of the village, 1798 were still living in 1831.'What is the general amount of travel centreing in Utica? The Schenectady and Utica, and Utica and Syracuse Railroads meet here, on each of which from two to three large trains of passenger cars run daily; the Chenango Canal terminates in the Erie Canal in this city, and the principal lines of stages, north and south, all centre here, making the amount of travel very great. What of its literary character? Besides its Lyceum, Medical and other associations, State Lunatic Asylum, anid 33 schools, it has 5 or 6 book stores, 8 printeries, employing about twenty presses, and issuing about 90,000 periodical papers every month. What of the laws, and institutions of the United States? Being devised by the people, immediately through their representatives, they were intended for the people. Every institution is more popular in its form, less aristocratic or exclusive than similar ones in Europe. The laws are milder better calculated to reform, and less liable to gratify the malice or cruelty of the revengeful. How many crimes are yet unpunished with death? By the United States law, treason and robbery of the mail are punished with death. What of the several States? They differ, in Pennsylvania but one crime (murder in the first degree) is thus punished; in New York, three, (treason, murder, and arson in the first degree) are thus punished; and in some of the states even five crimes are punished with death. How is it, in this respect, in Great Britian? Crimes that here are punished with imprisonment for a few years, are there expiated by death only. What is the effect of such severity in the laws? Of the criminals found ouilty, but very few suffer owing to the superior bumanity oftthe people over their laws; thus the punishments are uncertain, and crime is encouraged. What facts warrant this belief? The increase of crime in England with the increase of their sanguinary laws; and the decrease of crime in this country as our laws decrease in severity and increase in certainty, What effect have severe laws on persons other than the criminal? They excite a spirit of brutality and inhumanity; or on the other hand a feeling of such commiseration for the sufferer as to destroy, in a great measure, the beneficial tendency of the same. Then the aboiition of the whipping post, stocks, and pillory, was beneficial to the community? Decidedly so; for as these did not lessen crime, but bru 28 talized the feelings of the vulgar, and shocked the humanity of the good, their abolition was harmless to the criminal, and a great benefit to all others. What is the difference between the system of Education in the the United States and Great Britain? The Universities of Great Britain are accessible only to the rich, while in the United States every effort has been made to bring a good education within the reach of all. Have the legislatures of the different States endeavored to promote this object? Yes; many of them have appropriated considerable funds for the support of schools. How areschools supported in Massachusetts? A law was passed as early as 1647, that a school should be supported by public tax,in every town containing 50 families What is the school fund of Connecticut? One million seven hundred thousand dollars. How is the money appropriated? It is distributed in the several school districts, according to the number of scholars that attend the school. What has been the effect of this system? Scarcely a person can be found not qualified by education to transact the common business of life. Is there any noted free school in this state? Yes, Bacon Academy at Colchester. When was this school founded? In the year 1800. From whence does it derive its name? It is named after its benefactor and founder, MIr. Pierpont Bacon who gave thirty-five thousand dollars for its support. What branches are taught in the school? All the higher branches of an English education. This institution has ever been considered one of the most respectable and flourishing in the State. What is the School Fund of New York? In the year 1820, it amounted to $1,215,000. In 1850, including the U. S. Deposit Fund and the Literary Fund, it amounted to $6,600,000. Have any provisions been made to increase this fund? Yes; the unsold and unappropriated lands of this State when disposed of are to be devoted to the same laudable purpose. What will probably be the amount of these lands? About one million more. 29 How many children were taught in common schools in the year 1821? 330,000: a number nearly equal to all the children in the State between the ages of 5 and 15 years. How many in the year 1823? Four hundred thousand in 1823; and seven hundreds and seventy-two thousand in 1850. What is done for the education of children in Virginia? Although their School Fund is of recent origin, and its income small, yet most of the rising generation are instructed in private schools hby domestic teachers; these schools, however, do not provide for the education of the poor. Has the national glovernment made any provision for the support of schools? Yes; in offering their public lands for sale, they have made a reservation in every township, of 640 acres for the support of schools. Has much benefit as yet arisen from them? No; but they promise to be powerful auxiliaries when the new States shall become more thickly settled. Are there many schools of a higher order? In the New England States almost every town furnishes an acadermy, many of which have considerable fund's, extensive libraries, and other apparatus. Vhat sciences are taught in academies? English grammar, composition, rhetoric, history, philosophy, chemistry, mathematics and the Latin and Greek languages; they are considered as schools preparatory to a collegiate course, yet many of them being conducted by those who have obtained degrees, all the sciences are taught that are usually required in the colleges themselves. Is the academy at Exeter, New Hampshire, richly endowed? Yes; its funds amount to $80,000; its library contains 7000 volumes, and it has a handsome philosophical apparatus. 57Which is the oldest College in thoe United States? Harvard College, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. When was it founded? In the year 1638; only 18 years after the first settlement at Plymouth, an evidence of the high reputation in which le.arning was held by the early settlers of this country. From whom did it derive its name? From Rev. John Harvard, one of its principal founders. What was the number of graduates in the first class? Nine. 30 What is its present state? In 1842 its faculties consisted of a President and twenty Professors; its library contains 25,000 volumes. To what is its property owing? Principally to the learning and zeal of its able Professors. When was Yale College founded? It was first established at Saybrook, but in 1716 it was removed to New Haven, in Connecticut. Who was its principal founder? Mr. Elihu Yale, a merchant in London, who made it a donation of four thousand dollars. Who was another of its distinguished patrons? Bishop Beliely the celebrated metaphysician; hle gave to the library about 4,000 volumes, and a farm in Newport, renting for 240 bushels of wheat annually. Whence has it derived its other resources? Some from the State of Connecticut, and from donations from individuals. is it at present in a flourishing state? Its library consists of 9,000 volumes; its faculty consists of a President and eleven Professors, and the number of students is nearly four hundred. Is it a highly valuable literary institution? Amongst the most so in the Union; it has ever had distinguished men for its Presidents, among whom was the late Dr. Dwight, the champion and honor of his age as a scholar and divine. What is the whole niumber of Colleaes and Universities authorized to confer degrees? Fifty. What are the sciences taught? The Eng1lish, Latin and Greek languages, rhetoric, mathematics, natural philosoplhy, logic, chemistry, astronomy, history, and geography; in some of them are also taughltthe Hebrew, Oriental and Modern European languages, anatomy, surgery, medicine, botany, polite literature, divinity, ethics, natural and municipal law, politics and elocution. What are the principal seminaries of learning in Nlew 5' odr? Columbia College in the city; Univeisity of New York, also in the city; Union College at Schenectad.y; Hamilton College, Clinton, Oneida county; Hobert Free College, at Geneva; Madison University, at Hamilton; Rochester University; Genesee College, at Lima; Methodist Seminary at 31 Cazenovia, Madison county; and Alfred Academy, at Alfred, Allegliany county; this last having been in operation thirteen years, supplied with a Board of Teachers, sixteen in number. Besides these, there are many other institutions of less note, but perhaps of equal excellence. These are under the patronage of some denomination of Christians, is there none which is equally open to all other sects. without requiring confornity to the doctrines or attendance on the worship of asny in particular? There is one located at Clinton, Oneida county, which is truly literary in its objects, and unsectarian in its regulations NVWhat was it called wvhen it was commenced? It is to be known by the style and title of The Clinton Liberal institute-and was commenced fully in both the male alcnd female departments in 1831. What are the principal female seminaries in New York? The Albany Female Academy, in North Pearl street, Albany, founded in 1814, and incorporated in 1812, possessing buildings, library and apparatus, worth upvwards of $500,000, and containing about 350 pupils in daily attendance, under the care of Alonzo Crittenden, principal, assisted by 20 professors and teachers. Mrs. Willard's, situated on the public square in Troy, containing about 200 young ladies, has acquired considerable celebrity not only in the United States, but also alroad. The Albany Female Seminary, at 67 Div'sion street, Albany, under the supervision of Mrs. Susan Camp Nickerson, has acquired a good reputation. Phipp's Union Seminary, Albion, founded expressly for the education of youmcg ladies, under the care of Miss Sophronia Phipps, principal, assisted by 11 teachers. The Le Roy Female Seminary, at Le Roy, AM.liss Emily E. Ingham, principal, assisted by nine teachers. The Ontario Female Saminary, at Canandaigua, Misses Hannah Upham and Arabella Smith, principals, assisted by ten teachers. There are also several others deserving of notice, well attended, and underlexcellent supervision, in Troy, Utica, and other places in the State. The Feemale Academy in Albany has been melntionedl, are tllere any male academies of note in this State? The Albany Academy contains from 250 to 300 students. It is under the care of T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., principal. assisted by eight professors and teachers. The Canandaigua Academy, at Canandaigua, under the care of Henry 32 Howe, A. M. principal, assisted by eight professors and teachers. The school is furnished with chemical and philosophical apparatus, a select library, a cabinet of minerals, and with surveying and leveling instruments. Is Troy a considerable place? Its location at the head of the sloop navigation on the Hudson, and also near the junction of the Champlain and Erie canals, renders its trade considerable. What wras its population in 1810? About three thousand eight hundrced souls. What in 1840? About five thousand three hundred. What at the present time? Over 40,000. What is the character of its merchants? They are noted for enterprise, industry and intelligence. Have they any trade besides that of the river and canals? Yes; considerable with Vermont and Massachu setts. What is the character of its inhabitants, generally? As there are many good schools here,:and the place is pleasantly located, Troy is the favorite residence of many families of retired habits and competent fortunes; of course the society is of a high moral and literary character. Is there any other school of note here? Yes; the Van Renssalaer school is located here. For what sex is it intended? For young men. Is there any branch of edncation which does not receive its appropriate share of attention in the United States? Thiat of elocution; although it is attended to in a degree, yet it is manifest that the attention paid to it is far below its importance in the scale of education. What grade of attention ought to be paid to the art of speaking? It ought evidently to receive the first attention. What reason can be given for this? As the majority who receive an education are expected to become public speakers, any person of the least observation must see the importance of this qualification. Have the most eminient and useful men bestowed particelar attention upon this branch of education? They have; many instances could be given of this, Demosthenes, of Greece; Cicero, of Rome; Pitt, of England; 33 Mr. Ames, and others, of our own country; will ever grace the temple of fame; while hundreds of others, who might have possessed all their other attainments, have lived and died in obscurity. Has the remark been often made that the United States has produced no eminent scholars? It has. Is this just? It is doubtless true when compared with the few ornaments of the old world. Have we any historians equal to Hume or Roberston; any poets equal to milton or Pope; any chemists equal to Levoiser or Davy; or any metaphysicians equal to Locke, Berkeley, or Reid? We have not; but very few men are furnished by any nation, who could equal these eminent luminaries. Does this fact argue any thing against our national character? It does not; it must be recollected that our country is yet in its infancy; that, for a great while, it was either struggling against oppression, or under the embarrassments occasioned by the struggle for its independence, and that it has not had ability to endow institutions of learning equal to those of our mother country. Is it, however, true that we have none who have distinguished themselves for science? This is not true, by any means; we can probably boast of as many men, in proportion to our population, who have a liberal knowledge of the languages, philosophy and mathematics, as Great Britain. In addition to this fact, even in the infancy of our country, there is undoubtedly altogether more information among the middle and lower classes of society than among the same classes there. Is America able to compete, in any degree, with G'rea: t'Britain, in point of important discovelies in the useful arts? In really important discoveries we probably equal them. What are some of the important discoveries of which the English may boast? Mr. Arkwright invented the spinning-wheel; Worcester, Newcoman, and Watt, substituted steam for wind and water, in propelling the machinery of manufactories. What are some of the important inventions of the Americans? Mr. Godfrey invented the mariner's quadrant, Franklin invented the rod which protects the house from lightning; Whittemore invented the machine for making cards; Whitney invented the gin for cleaning cotton; Perkins invented 34 the nail machine; Fulton applied the power of steam to the use of navigation; and Morse invented the Magnetic Telegraph. Have the United States furnished any historians of merit? The histories of Bancroft, Prescott, Marshall, Barnsey, Belknap, Williams, Mrs. Willards, of Troy, New York, and the annals of Holmes, are works of sterling, merit, and some of them, in point of style and as affording useful and instructing matter, are inferior to no others. What was the character of Dr. Franklin as a writer? Probably no uninspired man has ever furnished more important advice applicable to the ordinary concerns of life. Have we any distinguished novelists? Brown and Cooper are probably not exceeded by any. Have we any distinguished theologians? Hopkins, Dwight, Lathrop, Davis, Kollock, Buckminster, Beecher, Taylor, Chauncey and Canning, are deservedly eminent. The theological works of Dr. Dwight have obtained the most favorable notices and recommendations from the British themselves, and are read and approved by many of their most eminent divines. Have we not one who stands even before these? Yes; the works of Dr. Edwards; probably are inferior to none of the kind in the world. The greatest and best of men here and on the other side of the water, speak of him only in terms of unqualified respect. Have we furnished any distinguished politeal writers? We have a number, of whom no country need be ashamed; we will, however, mention but one, of whom we think we mVy justly boast-the late THoMAs JEFFERSON. Population of Principal Cities. NAMIES. 1840. 1850. 1858. INCREASE. Portland..........Me......... 15,218...... 26,819...... 40 228...... 13,409 IBan or............ 8,627.... 14,441. 26,00... 11,550 Augusta........... 5,314...... 8.241...... 12,000.. 13,769 Bath.......... 5141...... 8,002...... 16,000. 8,012,anchester....... N. H...... 3,25...... 18,33. 0,000.. 11,067 Portsmouth............. 7 9S87..... 9.739... 13,000... 3,271 Concord................. 4,897......... 8,584..... 10,000...... 1,416 A ashua...........,826...... 6,000...... 174 Burlington.........Vt. 4 1...... 7,55...... 8,011...... 426 Montelier 3725...... 4,112...... 6,112. 2,000 Boston... Mass. 953,38........138,788......170,5o8. 31,720 Lowell......, 20796...... 3,4....... 40,552.. 3,000 Springfield....... -..... 10,985..... 21,6B 3...... 30,223.. 8,611 Salem.................... 15,02...... 18,846...... 2,1934. 4,088 Lawrence......... 18,341...... 21,444. 3,131 New Bedfobrd.. 12,8...,464...... 25,389... 8,925 Lynn.............: 9,368.. 10,17. 17,237...... 1,251 Worcester............ 7,497...... 15,864... 25,286. 9,422 Cambridge. 8,49...... 14,624... 25,231..10,627 Fall ivor..... 91..1. 13......1. 22... 1,156 Taunton................ 45. 10,183. 15,244..... 4,251 Newburyport.....,112...... 9,534...... 15,355. 5,821 Providence. R. i. 23'71... 41)513...... 51,234.... 9,721 Smithfield......... 9534...... 11,3869.13,343. 1,957 Newport......... 8,33.... 9,569.... 10,683. 1,121 Tiveston....... 2,163...... 4,676...... 6,132. 1,151 Bristol.......... 3,490...... 4,6 1.. 6728...... 2112 New Haven.........Ct........ 0.. 22,539.... 25,23..... 2,717 Hartford.............. 93.. 17,855 22,999..... 5,0:4 Newv London...,..........,519...... 9,226...... 13,1140..... 1213 Bridgeport..... 452... 7,519...... 10 673.... 311 Danbuy......m 4504...... 5,02... 1:161 ew York... 3.. 9 531.729,812.........214,416. Brooklyn......... 323.. 96,850. 2024.15395 Albany......... 34,721...... 50,772..... 60,332..... 9,562 Buffatlo.... Roch......es....ter123...... 74;979...... 85,236..... 9,765 Rochester............. 20,192...... 46,562...... 50,875..... 14,306 Wtilliamsburg.. 5,690...... 30,786... 75,2335... 44,447 Troy................... 19,335...... 28,786...... 40,996.... 11,212 Syracuse.......... 5,502...... 2,235...... 30,245. 7,990 Utica............ 12 782...... 17,240...... 25,169..... 7,929 Lockport......, 9,125..... 12,342...... 15352.... 3,000 Oswego.......... 5,93...... 12199..... 16,888..... 4,698 Poughkeepsic.. e -...... 10,226...... 11,680......... 17,682....... 4,222 Auburn...................... 5,626......... 9,548......... 13343. 3,795 Schenectady................. 6,784......... 8,922....... 10,922....... 2,000 Newburg..................... 4,840......... 7,623......... 11,415....... 3,452 Hudson............... 5,672......... 6,263....... 7,489....... 1,22( Newark lr N.J........ 28,292..... 38,885......... 90,885..... 21,998 Paterson............. 7,696....... 21,341......... 25,991....... 5,629 Camden.................. 3,371......... 9,615......... 20,33....... 10,736 New Brunswick.. "............ 5,892......... 9,898......... 12,345..... 4,447 Trenton..........,,............,35.....656..... 511....... 8 i153 T17renlon. ~~ ( 4,135..... 6,166........15,151..., 8,183. Philadelphia...... Pa............4825 3.8.........,25108....... 199,898 Reading..................... 8:10......... 15,821......... 19,998..... 4,187 Lancaster............. ~ 8 417....... 12,381......... 16,379....... 3,998 Erie............... 3.412......... 4,813......... 6,841....... 2,013 Pittsburgh...................... 25,341..... 46,234......... 75,334....... 29,909 fiarrisburgh.......... 5,344..... 10,343...... 19987....... 10,674 Wilmington.....Del............. 8,367......... 13,931......... 18,163....... 4,22 36 NA.MES. 1840, 15. 1858. INCREASE. New Castle......... Pa............. 2,7'........ 3,111......... 4,-t8....... 1,231 Baltimore..........Iid............102,313.........169,013.........235.711....... 6,099 Annapolis........... 2,792.....4,198....... 4,210..... 1,012 VWashington....... C............. 23,24.. 39,999........ 8,092... 7,99 Georgetown.................. 7,312........ 8.366......... 6,348....... 1,012 Richmond..........Va........... 20,152......... 27,483....... 3,483..... 6,000 Petersburg.........'............ 11,136........ 14,306......... 17,597....... 2,994 Norfolk."..'............ 10,921......... 14,322......... 17,337..... 3,011 Wilmington.....N. N C............. 8,367......... 11,218......- 13,229....... 2,011 Raleigh...........'C............ 2,224......... 3,091......... 4,334....... 1,243 Charleston.................... 41,,137......... 42,809......... 43,821..... 1,015 Columbia................. 4344......... 6,363......... 7.021....... 1,348 Savannah...... Ga...........11,214......... 27,841......... 5 854....... 1,013 M.acon........... "............ 3,927......... 5,953......... 9,13....... 3,196 San Augustine....Fla............. 2,459....... 2,993......... 3,34....... 351 Mobile...... Ala......... 12,672......... 20,513........ 26315....... 5,898 Natchez..........Miss............. 4,788......... 5351......... 6,219....... 1,010 Vicksburg......... 6............ 3,104....... 4,211......... 5474....... 1,263 Nashville..... s...'enn............. 6,929......... 16,502......... 21,921....... 7,427 Louisville..........Ky............. 21,213......... 4,214......... 65,729....... 19,209 Covington...................... 9,036......... 9,87......... 1.6,698....... 7, 011 Cincinnati.................... 46,382.........116,108.........2113841 4....... 95,236 Columbus...................... 6,048........ 17,367......... 25,121 7..... 7,754 Cleveland...................... 9,071......... 17,074......... 50,052....... 32,978 Dayton............. "....... —. 10,987......... 27,521....... 6,544 Zanseville.......... 4766........ 10,355......... 12,7t0....... 1,763 Springfield................ 2,382........ 5107......... 9,846....... 4,727 Sandnsky City.................. 2,234......... 5,088......... 10,021....... 1,943 Toledo.................... 2,072........,819....... 12,813....... 8,994 iNwv Albany.......Ind............. 4,26......... 9785......... 19,102....... 9414 ladison.......... 3,798......... 8037......... 15,024....... 6,987 Indianapolis................ 3,692......... 8,03......... 27,223 0..... 0,189 Logansport................... 2 3.... 5,12....... 4, 854 aLaayette................... 2,522.........,2 3...... 15,032....... 7, 77 Terre Haute.................. 1,023......... 5132......... 10,322....... 94,76 Jeffersonville... "............ -......... 2,342......... 4,896....... 3,338 Fort Wayne............. 1,36......... 5,56....... 12,324...... 3,086 Lawrenceburgh...'.. 1,245......... 1,755......... 4,432....... 4;532 Detroit........Mich............. 9,102......... 21,057......... 60,385....... 39,328 Chichago..........ill............. 4,479........ 28,69.........126,243....... 96,974 Milwaukee.......Wis............. 1,726......... 20,026...... 49,875..... 9,876 Madison.......... "............ ---........ 2,332......... 9,799....... 8,121 RIacine......................... 2639......... 5,11......... 10,112....... 5,540 St. Paul..... in...... -................ 1,135......... 9,880....... 8,747 St. Anthony.......'.................... 705......... 8,151....... 7,316 Dubuque.........Io wa............ 1,326......... 3,4......... 10,222..... 6,612 Burlington.................... 1,367......... 5,122......... 9,988....... 4,973 Iowa City......, 864...... 2,372......... 5,102......, 2,704 St. Louis........Mo.o............ 16,469.........82,744.........150.264....... 67,520 Jefferson City...... 1............ 1,174........ 3,721......... 4113....... 302 St. Joseph.....1 " 1,643......... 4357......... 12,246....... 7,246 Little Rock...... Ark............. 3,239......... 4,138......... 10,121..... 5,744 New Orleans........La............102,193.........119,285.........175,223....... 55,938 Galveston......Tex............ -—......... 5,995......... 8 163....... 2,163 Santa Fe.......N, Mex............ —. -......... 7,713......... 9,832....... 2,519 MCity of the Great Utah..................... 12,436......... 19,764....... 17,328 Salt Lake....... San Francisco......Cal............. —......... 15,000......... 41:253..... 36,253 Sacramento..... ".....-....-......... 8,000........ 20,265..... 12,265 Monterey."..,......... —.......... 1,092........ 3,000... 1,098 Oregon City......Oreg........... -—......... 702......... 10,121..... 9,319 Portland............................. 859......... 5,211....... 4,832