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YOUR FRIENDS'
TRUE CHARACTER








Renard's Popular Topics Library
YOUR FRIENDS'
TRUE CHARACTER
BY
MARTIN WHITTINGTON
ILLUSTRATED


The CHARLES RENARD CO.
PUBLISHERS
15 East 40th Street  -  New York City
1925




CopyRiGHT, 1925
THE CHARLES RENARD CO.
All Rights Reserved.


PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEICA




TO
ALL STUDENTS OF HUMAN NATURE THIS VOLUME
IS SINCERELY DEDICATED








CONTENTS


FOREWORD.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER
I. THE RACES..
II. RACIAL CHARACTE'
III. NATIONAL CHARAC
IV. BODY STRUCTURE
V. COLORING
VI. HEADS
VII. FACES..
VIII. THE MOUTH
IX. EARS.
X. THE HANDS
XI. EYES..
XII. THE FEET
XIII. NOSES...
XIV. VOCATIONS..
XV. FALSE IDEAS.
XVI. CONCLUSION


a           0
I*    a      0     0


PAGC.              xi...    XV


a ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  3
RISTICS.....  10;TERISTICS.  18........  25........ -35
51........   5.......... 58....    66
a..;....  73
*.*.......  8I...........  85.......... 93.........  96








ILLUSTRATIONS


THE SEMITIC LINE OF FACE.
THE CAUCASIAN LINE OF FACE
THE INTELLECTUAL TYPE
THE CRIMINAL TYPE..
THE CHILD'S HEAD..
THE BONY STRUCTURE
THE ROUNDED STRUCTURE
THE ROUND HEAD..
THE EGG-SHAPED HEAD
THE SQUARE HEAD..
THE THIN LIP
THE LARGE LOWER LIP.
THE CUPID'S Bow LIP
THE THIN LOBE EAR..
THE FAUN EAR
THE OUTSTANDING EAR
THE ARTISTIC HAND....
THE THREE-CORNERED EYE
THE SLANT EYE...
ix


WAGZ
5
5
~   12....  I5..20...32...  45.... 45
*.... 45.....  45....  55
55
55..... 6.....  63...  68....  75...  75




x              ILLUSTRATIONS
THE RoUNDEYE.. w    a a a. —         75
THE SHORT VAmp Foo1. a~.,.*, o..    79
THE LARGE NosE...,-w-...  83
THE UP-TILTED NosE   w., a. &.   83




FOREWORD


WE cannot all be geniuses, and perhaps this is a
most fortunate state of affairs (as anyone who has
to live with one would be apt to confide to you)but there are usually latent possibilities within us,
possibly hidden far below the level of our own consciousnesses, that need only the proper "touchstone"
to develop. There is, therefore, always the possibility of discovering something of this sort.
To the student of human nature, such a "find"
is more thrilling than striking oil. We hear a good
deal about inhibitions these days, but call them by
whatever term you like, it is certain that too many
people suffer from a lack of confidence in themselves and in their abilities. If you can only succeed in mirroring for them their real selves it is
reasonable to presume they will take heart and fulfill their appointed destiny.
Probably the most practical application of the
principles of character analysis is its use in business.
The greatest loss in the average business concern
of any size whatever comes from too much "turnover" in personnel. Spending time and money in
xi




Xli


FOREWORD


training employees only to have them prove unsatisfactory is a most wasteful procedure, and a good
deal of this waste can be eliminated by taking the
proper precautions in hiring employees in the first
place. It is of the most vital importance to be able
to "size up" prospective employees with a view to
finding out whether they are of the proper mental
caliber, in the first place, and next, to determine
whether they are temperamentally suited for the
particular type of work required of them. There
was a time when an employer was satisfied to know
merely that an employee was of "good" character,
which meant in most instances, only that he was
honest; now he must know a good deal more if he
is to be satisfied that he is doing the right thing,
both for himself and for the individual, in giving
him a particular type of job.
Taking the same problem from the viewpoint of
the employee-it is of even greater importance for
him to find out whether or not he is engaged in the
right occupation, for time spent in discovering that
he has made a mistake in judgment is simply wasted,
time in which he might have been accomplishing
something worth while elsewhere. It is of particular importance to find oneself at the start, for too
much shifting about from one position to another is
apt to create a poor impression, regardless of the
circumstances. As a rule, an employer of labor
will not trouble to investigate the reasons back of




FOREWORD


iii
Xil!


this drifting about, for it is only natural for him
to conclude that, if a man will not stick to other
things, he will not be a reliable and dependable addition to his own staff.
The use of character analysis as an aid in vocational guidance is increasing, and if one realizes the
difficulty the average boy has in making up his mind
what business or profession to train for, one would
realize that he is much in need of all the help that
can be given him. Too many boys, and girls, too,
drift into occupations for which they are poorly
adapted, largely because of wholly extraneous circumstances.
Study and apply to yourself and those about you
the principles of character analysis which I shall
set forth herein in such a way as calculated will
make them easily applicable and clearly understood.








INTRODUCTION
INTUITION is a sort of sixth sense possessed by
a good many people, to be sure, and the person who
has this ability to estimate correctly the character
of the individuals he comes in contact with is, indeed, fortunate. However, it is often difficult to
know just how much intuitive power we really do
have, and still more difficult to know just how far
to trust to our intuition in any particular case; so
that even those who are quite "impressionable"
never know to just what extent their opinions are
purely intuitional and to what extent they are influenced by their emotions.
To the persons who are utterly without this ability to fathom the true character of people without
reference to their external personality, the basis for
forming an estimate of character must necessarily
be somewhat different. This book is written as an
aid in forming your opinions of those you meet,
both socially and in a business way, so that you will
not be misled by superficial mannerisms or by fluency of speech or by any one of the various things
which serve as a camouflage of the true and innate
xv




xvi


INTRODUCTION


character. Even those who are highly intuitive
may find it well worth while to check up on their
impressions in this way and see if their more mature judgment, based on a more or less scientific
analysis of those things which are most indicative
of traits of character will bear out their first im.
pressions.
It is an almost universal thing for people to try
to conceal from others the traits of character of
which they are not particularly proud, and even the
most hardened sort of individual makes some effort
to present the best possible appearance to the
world. There are.few of us, no matter how frank,
honest and sincere we may be, who have nothing
whatever to hide; and as a rule the more we have
to conceal the more careful we are to form a
protective covering for our failings by building
up a fine veneer-sugar-coating the pill-so to
speak.
Dealers in antique furniture tell us that in order
to restore an old piece it is often necessary to remove layers and layers of paint and varnish before
they can find out just what kind of wood has been
used in the first place. This is done with the utmost care and takes a great deal of time and labor,
if it is to be done properly. So it is with character
reading; sometimes the true nature is so hidden and
obscured by layers upon layers of acquired habits
and even intentionally misleading mannerisms that




INTRODUCTION


xvii


it is only by the most careful study and analysis
that the basic character can be revealed.
This prying into the fundamentals of those we
are interested in is not mere idle curiosity. On the
contrary, it is often far more fair to people to do
this than to accept them on their face value, for
there is often a great deal of good which may be
discovered in this way that we might, in a purely
cursory examination, fail to recognize.
It is of the utmost importance to approach character analysis with an open mind and with a good
deal of reverence, for unless a human being is utterly depraved, there is something fine in him, some
bit of gold intermingled with the dross, that the
proper circumstances and environment could succeed in bringing to light.








YOUR FRIENDS'
TRUE CHARACTER








YOUR FRIENDS'
TRUE CHARACTER
CHAPTER I
THE RACES
THE Aryan race nas been the great inventive
power in the world. As the Greeks were the first
to create art and perfect their ways of living, so
the Romans invented practical government, lasting
architecture and good roads. So the English have
continued to do, and so the Germans have done in
the matter of mechanics and the use of natural resources, with Italy and Spain far behind, and with
France inventing all the forms in which literature
now moves with such freedom and grace, though
within well-defined bounds. To realize what we owe
to France in this respect, we have only to consider
the chaotic forms found in strictly Teutonic and
Latin works.
The Aryans have always been the explorers. No
other race has ever approximated even the minor
trail-blazing expeditions for which this race has been
responsible. Spain, Italy and France make a poor
showing in this particular against the record of Imperial Rome and Imperial England, as well as
3




4      CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
against the extreme Northern people of the Viking
affiliations. The physical courage which is proof
against anything in the way of danger and which,
in fact, goes gayly forward to meet danger, as to
a festival, is distinctly Aryan. The other races
die bravely, dramatically, and sometimes nobly;
but they have not the ability to meet death with a
good-natured grin-the traditional attitude of the
Aryan.
Individualism marks the Aryan and he is respon.
sible for all the revolutions in the world's history
which have been of the intellect. He has fought
for freedom of thought and for the right to live
according to his own lights. He has never had the
slightest interest in any religion which involved losing his individuality. He retains today, beneath the
Christianity which his spiritual nature has accepted,
a trace of the wild religions which won his savage
and proud heart in primitive times. It is to be
noted that the religions of the Aryans have always
been full of this element of courage and high
feeling.
The Greeks and Romans, the early Germanic
tribes, and the Celts were all followers of religions
which were strikingly free from the sensuality
which, to this day, disfigures even the noble religion of Buddhism, as it is practiced among the Orientals.
The relative equality of the sexes in the Aryan




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED  5


(I)                                           (2)
-The Semitic Line of Face
— The Caucasian Line of Face




6      CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
race is largely accountable for its supremacy. So
long as one half of any race is shut off from the opportunities and responsibilities accorded to the other
half, just so long will the race be weak. As compared with the women of other races, the physical
development of the Aryan woman has always been
tremendous. Even during the Middle Ages, when,
according to conventional standards, women were
almost as secluded as Oriental women, the actual
facts were that many a girl was trained to tilt
a lance with her brothers, and that noble ladies
rode horse-back and had a good deal of outdoor
life.
Belonging to the Aryan race are the following: pure-blooded Hindus, pure-blooded Persians,
Greeks, Romans, British, Georgians, Welsh, Irish,
Scotch, Germans, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Icelanders, Spanish, French, Italians, Rumanians, Hungarians, all Balkans, all Slavs, Austrians and pureblooded Russians.
The Semitic is another large division of the human family, of which the Hebrew is the best-known
exponent. The Semite has always been a dweller
in cities and a trader. He is known by his arched
nose-the "predatory" nose-which expresses his
racial eagerness for success and the material things
of life. He has the full eye of the type which possesses a good memory; the full lips of the type which
is either ideally or passionately sensuous; and the




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


7.


small hands and feet of those who have always made
their chief work mental, not physical.
The same physical type, with more of the predatory characteristics, less of the sensuousness, and a
closer approach to the personal independence of the
Aryan, is found in the Arab who is an excellent example of the other type of the Semite. In this
racial division of the human race, the skin is especially beautiful, although dark; the body moves with
grace; the wrists and ankles are small and graceful; the head is full at the back; and the arms and
legs are in excellent proportion to the body.
Armenians and Turks are Semites, as are Syrians
and most of the people of the various small nations
which border the plains of Mesopotamia. The ancient Phoenicians were Semites and they, like the
Hebrews, were great traders. They were the early
navigators and carried on trade among the ports
of the Mediterranean, long before other peoples
ventured to do so.
The passion for barter is a more universal trait
in this division of the race than any other one. Hebrews, Turks, Armenians and Arabs are the people
who, with the ancient Phoenicians, have marked out
the great trade routes of the world, following the
trails which were blazed by the Caucasians or
Aryans.
The last division may be termed the Malayan




8      CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
race, and to this belong the Chinese and Japanese,
the inhabitants of the Malay peninsula, the North
and South American Indians (though there are certain scientists who claim that the American Indians
are directly descended from the Hamites), Burmese, Assamese, Gambodians, and Eskimos. The
languages of these various peoples have, at least, a
little in common, as a general thing, and groups of
them have such a close affiliation that their family
ties cannot be doubted.
Unidentified races, races whose origins are more
or less obscure, are scattered over the world of today and through some of the ancient records. Nobody knew who the Picts were-those people who,
with the Scots, were always coming down like ravening wolves on the early Britons. They may have
been Orientals of some kind, but there is no real
knowledge to substantiate this idea.
The Basques, the inhabitants of the Pryennes
Mountains, which lie between France and Spain, are
the modern mysteries from the ethnological point
of view, for they are totally unrelated, so far as
science can ascertain, to any other race. Their
language has absolutely no point of contact with the
roots of any other language.
The odd peoples found in Japan, the white
Ainues, are also unidentified.
There has been a great deal of discussion of the




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED         9
Gypsy and of the semi-white people occasionally
found in the interiors of South America and Africa,
but no acceptable explanation has ever been forthcoming.




CHAPTER II


RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS
IN considering racial characteristics, as distinguished from national characteristics, it must be remembered that race is merely a matter of geographical distribution of the human race, whereas
national characteristics are the result of the fusion
of races and the concentration of them under certain forms of government and conditions of social
life.
There are two methods of identification of different divisions of a race; first, the measurements
of the human body, such as the length of the arm
and leg, the size and shape of the skull, the width
of the shoulders, and the length of the heel; second, the similarity in language. If we have in five
languages, as many words derived from the same
"root," it may be assumed that all the nations using
those languages came from the same primal source,
born of the same parents, so to speak; therefore,
they are racial brothers and sisters.
The study of a language of any people gives us
Io




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


11


a very clear insight into their racial history and
background. Perhaps no language is more interesting in this respect than our own, for in modern English we find traces of Anglo Saxon, Latin, and the
French, which was introduced at the time of the
Norman conquest. When William the Conqueror
invaded England in io66, Anglo Saxon was the prevailing tongue, with but few faint remnants of the
native Briton. French became the language of the
court and the conquered Anglo Saxons were forced
to give up their own language, which explains the
fact that our homely household objects are descendants of the Anglo Saxon names. Latin was the language of learning and was, in fact, the only written
language throughout the Middle Ages, so that its
influence was preserved even through a period of
constant change.
One of the big divisions of humanity is the Caucasian race, which arose, as the name implies, among
the Caucasus Mountains, where one of the purest
of the Caucasian races, the Georgians, still dwells.
Out of these mountains came two streams of
civilization; one leading north and making up the
Teutonic races; the other, leading south, producing
such Oriental and southern races as the Hindus and
Persians.
This race, which is in Ethnology termed also
the Aryan race, is the one which has preeminently
dominated in all lines of human endeavor. It has




12   CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


The Intellectual Type




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


13


not only been the trail-maker, but has ultimately become the conqueror of all other races. In confirmation of this fact, we have only to remember that
the Greeks, Romans, Spanish, French, English, Germans, Danes, Norwegians and Swedes are all
Aryan; and that, in the Orient, the Hindus are the
dominant race in so far as thought and high standard of individual development are concerned. It is
the main stream of humanity, to which the Semitic,
in achievement, at least, is the chief complement.
The Aryan race is noted for the vigor and freedom of its thought, and for the fact that it has, in
all its various manifestations, been able to maintain the fine family life, without being obsessed by
sex, as is the case in the family life of all other races.
There is no doubt that the Aryan race has attained
a great deal of its prominence in the world because
of the fact that the females have, to a great extent,
had the physical and mental training which the
males have had. This is not a declaration of the
rights of woman, but a statement of the fact that
no chain is stronger than its weakest link.
The Hamitic race is one which includes the ancient Egyptian and the modern Negro, though the
blood is found frequently in association with the
Semitic. The Hamitic is not a race of any great
importance; it has never made any real contribution
to the human race, save for the artistic development
of the ancient Egyptians, which still influences us




14     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
somewhat, and to this we owe a great deal in that
this was the medium through which the art of still
older Hamites was transmitted and passed on to
the ancient Greeks.
The Babylonians, modern Abyssinians and all the
races of Africa are more or less pure-blooded
Hamites. This race is conspicuous for its gross
physical appetites, for its large frame, small head,
wide shoulders, legs which are short from the knee
down (in proportion to the length of the thigh),
long arms, narrow pelvic bones, sloping forehead,
small eyes, large mouths with prominent teeth, and
coarse, straight or curly hair.
That the Hamite is not the survivor of an early
race, but the latest one to emerge from savagery,
is shown by the resemblance which an articulated
skeleton of this race bears to a similar skeleton of
any of the large chimpanzees, orang-utans, or
gorillas. The race which has the least resemblance
to the animal progenitor, or the Simian, is the
Aryan race, which is doubtless the first of the races
to have emerged from the primitive.
The special points in which the Hamitic race
shows its comparatively recent development from
the Simian is the shortness of the leg from the knee
to the ankle, showing the approximation to the bentknee standing attitude of the Simian; and the length
of the arms which shows a trace of the fact that in
the Simian the arms are even longer than the legs,




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


15


The Criminal Type




16   CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


and can be used as partial supports of the body in
walking; and the Hamitic skull also bears a striking similarity to that of the Simian.
There is no attempt to say that the Negro is
what may be called a recent development from the
extreme primitive. When we remember that with
every year that goes by the beginnings of civilization
are pushed farther and farther back into the shadows of a world which 25,000 years ago had nearly
all that we now call civilization, it is clear that the
Negro race may, in all of that time, have had some
instances of fine development. Perhaps the best example of this is the Moor, a race of great sophistication. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Negro
race is the youngest in point of coming into a stage
of full development. The lightness of heart and
the quick responsiveness to all the stimulations of
nature show the childlike tendencies of the race,
even in this day. The educational advantages afforded the Negro during the past fifty years or so
have had their influence on the intellectual development of their race, though innately they are relatively unchanged.
As for the ancient Egyptians, they were a composite of several races, so that we cannot say that
they were altogether Hamitic, although they may
be so considered for the purposes of racial classification.




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED        17
One race which is undoubtedly Hamitic, and
which perhaps had its beginnings in Egypt, is that
of the Romany, though this is a point on which ethnologists are still divided in their opinions.




CHAPTER III


NATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
NATIONAL character is often a composite of
racial character, particularly where that nation has
been subjected to foreign invasions and subsequent
occupation by the conquering peoples. After several centuries without the infusion of new blood, a
national character is built up so that there are certain traits which characterize and differentiate the
nations of the world.
ENGLISH, IRISH, SCOTCH AND WELSH
The early Britons were a very sturdy, independent race of people, and although relatively few
of them survived the incursions of foreign invaders,
their influence is still felt and their love of freedom
has been handed down through the centuries. The
next influence on the English race was that of the
Romans and from them the English have inherited
constructiveness and a genius for empire building.
It is through the influence of the Briton and the
Roman that the English have remained the most ini8




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


19


dependent, as well as the most stable of the nations.
From the Norse invaders the English have the
heritage of courage and love of adventure which is
balanced, to some extent, by the phlegmatic temperament inherited from their Anglo-Saxon progenitors. At the time of the Norman invasion, the
stolidity of the English mind needed the lightening
effect produced by the assimilation of the Norman
French gayety to give the proper balance.
The Irish are distinguished by their wit and their
love of finery, their fondness for pleasure and their
love of song. Part of this is inherited from the
Spanish, from whom some of the early Irish were
descended, and part of this from the early and mysterious Picts, who have contributed their superstition and their belief in the minor gods and in fairies.
The frequent combination of blue eyes and black
hair is a mark of this union. The admixture of
the Pictish blood accounts for that element of
strangeness that is found in Irish literature and art,
and often in the slight, but traditional wildness of
the nation.
In the Scotch there is a heritage from the peoples
of the far North and the physical type has remained
a good deal that of the old Viking-the hawk nose,
the high cheek bones, the prominent bony structure,
and the cold blue eyes. The reserve of the Scotch
is the reserve of the far North, as is also their extreme caution. The bagpipes, now the most primi



20    CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


The Child's Head




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


21


tive musical instrument of the modern races, is a
left-over from early times.
Welshmen and Cornishmen are tinctured with the
blood of the early Phoenicians who took tin from
the mines on the coast of Cornwall at a very early
date. They also have some Semitic blood, for it is
to be remembered that the Hebrews and the earlier
people like the Hittites and the Ammonites traded
for furs and gold from the "far Isles," which were
subsequently called the British Isles. The Picts also
may have been among their early influences. All
this accounts for the contradictions in the Welsh
character and also for their well-known ability to
successfully barter. It is often said that bartering
is an outstanding characteristic of the Scotch, but
they are more a penurious type, the direct result of
the stern, saving influence of the far North where
the preservation of life itself depended upon the
preservation of every resource in a land where food
was scarce.
The Latin races differ radically from those of the
far North because of climatic conditions and their
influence on the history of the Southern nations.
SPANISH
The Spanish were very much influenced by the
Roman blood left in that part of the world during
the Roman conquests and also by Moorish blood.




22     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
At a very early date the Spanish traders, or "Ibernians," as they were called, settled in Ireland.
Their descendants later returning to Spain doubtless had some influence on the national character
of that country. It is interesting to note that the
name "Hibernian" which we find applied to the
Irish, is a corruption of the term "Ibernian."
ITALIANS
In modern Italians there is some trace of the early
Roman blood, although not a great deal. The
Huns, the Goths, Visigoths and Ostragoths and
other barbaric tribes which swept down from the
North have left their influence, and the Italians
were also much affected by the great quantity of
Greek slaves who made their appearance in the
country after the fall of the Greek kingdom when
its subjects were brought into Roman captivity. In
Sicily there is a large admixture of Negroid blood
from the nearby shores of Africa.
FRENCH
The French are a compound of many races, of
which the Franks form the largest proportion. As
the Francs were the first to gain some real intellectual power in the early centuries before and during
the Middle Ages, the French may be called their




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


23


intellectual heirs. A great fusion of Semitic blood
occurred during the Middle Ages, to which we may
attribute the ability of the French to barter. Their
good taste, unlike that of the Italians, which is
always the result of sensuous delight, is a matter of
the intellect. Perhaps the best example of this dif.
ference of temperament is found in their music, the
Italian being flowing and ardent, the French being
more restrained and academic.
GERMANS
The Germans were, and are now, a strictly North.
ern race. They have the huge appetites, the limited imagination tinctured with gloom, and the fine
bodies which are the natural development of a nation, which, at the time when Imperial Rome had
a high degree of civilization, was still living in forests, without cities or much agriculture.  Their
family life, even today, still bears the impress of the
patriarchal system, and their attitude toward war
is a dim replica of the days when living by war was
a necessity. The cold of the far North and the
gloom of cedar forests is reflected in their majestic
art.
CHINESE AND JAPANESE
It is difficult for us to understand why these naq
tions, whose civilization dates back so much further




24     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
than that of any other nation or race has been outstripped by the Aryan peoples. Their adherence to
old forms of family life and their seeming inability
to really advance in thought is perhaps due to the
fact that they are, more or less, vitiated as to mental
and spiritual activity. Their mechanical perfection
of art and handicraft, which is, however, more imitative than creative, is the result of untold means of
handling tools.




CHAPTER IV


BODY STRUCTURE
THE bony structure of the human frame is an
index of physical capacity or endurance. It is to be
noted that the broad pelvis, in both male and female; is a strong indication of staying power. The
male structure in which the shoulders are broad, the
waist slender, and the hips narrow, is perhaps an
ideal of beauty; but it is not an ideal for service.
This type of man is often the spectacular type of
athlete, the sprinter perhaps, but he has not the staying power enabling him to make good in an endurance test.
This theory has its corroboration in the North
American Indian male who is a splendid example of
this type of figure. Fiction has attributed to the
Indian tremendous powers of endurance, but close
attention to actual fact will disclose to anyone that
the hard labor of all Indian life was performed by
the women, and the Indian woman has hips as broad
as those of the females of any race. While the
25




26     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
lordly males did nothing more fatiguing than indulge in sports, or hunting and fishing, it was the
squaws who raised corn and ground it for food,
fashioned tent poles, moved their camps from one
place to another, and carried huge packs on their
backs. Remember also, that it was nearly always
Indian women who guided the early explorers on
the long and arduous trips through which they
opened up the new West. The figure of the Indian
woman of the Lewis and Clark expedition is now
carved on the face of a rock at one of the highest
points of the Rocky Mountains at the exact point
where all the men of the expedition were in favor
of giving up, and where nothing but her indomitable
spirit dragged them on-her spirit and her hip
bones l Her lordly spouse would have passed out
of the picture long before that point was reached
The male in whom the pelvis is wide is usually
possessed of better health than the narrow type and
is far less subject to organic diseases. The female
with the broad pelvis is a good walker and sustains
motherhood far better than the opposite type. Notice that both the male and female type which is considered beautiful and aesthetic is that in which the
pelvic basin is shallow, thus typifying the fact that
so far in the history of the human race we have
not learned to associate reality with beauty, inasmuch as we still base our admiration on purely
imaginary concepts.




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


27


Loosely articulated bones, which means that the
action of the arms and legs is loose and free, are
usually the possession of people who are adventurers and wanderers. There is no staying power in
them if they are called upon to perform a steady
job, but there is capacity for endless going on.
Girls of this type faint over the dish-pan, but could
stay up all night dancing. Boys of this type run
away from the farm where their lives are comparatively easy and go to sea where they are able to undergo severe hardships buoyed up by the spirit of adventure. The animating spirit of these loose-limbed
people corresponds to their bony structure.
The short neck is invariably the indication of
stubbornness and strongly ingrained convictions.
People of this type are rarely capable of changing
their minds. This short neck is closely associated
with wide shoulders and is the indication of a temperament in which the emotions are more or less
paramount. Note that singers and fighters usually
have this neck but that it is rarely to be found in
the purely intellectual type. This is further borne
out by the fact that the short neck is always associated with keen interest in the gratification of the
senses; but the erroneous deduction that grossness
and sensuality are indicated by such a form of the
bony structure should be most earnestly discouraged.
Grossness and sensuality of the most unpleasant
type are much more apt to be found in the loosely




The Bony Structure




30     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
world have carried a great deal of excess baggage
in the way of flesh. The reason for fat in humans
is probably a capacity for perfect assimilation of
food, greatly assisted by a natural inclination to
take things quietly and without nervousness. The
inner fire of a human being is the consuming force
of that which we know as life. Anyone who succeeds in remaining calm and undisturbed throughout
the vexations of life will survive and have good
health, despite a predisposition to illness.
It is obviously far more difficult to estimate the
characteristics of the "jovial fat man" as shown by
the bony structure because it is so skillfully concealed from the public gaze.
The difference between the softly rounded flesh
and the closely knit, bony structure and the loosely
articulated bony structure with the flesh which corresponds to it doubtless goes back to the very early
history of the race.
The loosely knit type comes from the North.
These were the people who lived alone in more or
less desolate places. In the far North there has
never been a real communal life. The man was a
hunter and the woman was often a hunter, too.
Their life was one succession of dangers and exposure of travel, going from place to place as game
became scarce. The ability to leap, to move
quickly, to jump across chasms, to span water with




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


29


articulated bony structure associated with pallid
skin, pale eyes and hair of indeterminate color.
Crimes of sensuality and general violence have
been persistently attributed to the dark-haired, darkeyed, short neck and heavy shoulder type, but this
is not true. The type just described is the possessor
of tremendous emotion and may kill in a fit of violent emotion; but the affections are always at hand,
always ready to be called upon, and for this reason
an appeal to the sanity or goodness of the character
is not infrequently successful.
A number of prison welfare workers with whom
I have discussed this question have agreed with me
that the pallid, loose type, previously described, is
the one from which there can be expected no permanent reclamation. This type embraces the whiners and sycophants, who are inclined, when they
are not actively engaged in crime, to profess religion and to accept reformation for purposes utterly selfish.
Softly rounded flesh is never found on the loose,
bony frame, which explains why many seemingly
fat people are very strong. The resistance which
they possess is due to the closely knit frame which
underlies the fat. Fat people, so long as they are
healthy, are very often possessed of a vitality which
contradicts much of the commotion which many
physicians make about superfluous flesh. Many of
the most efficient and worthwhile people in the




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


31


a bound were necessary then, as now, in the great
wastes of the North.
In the South, on the contrary, communal life
began early. It was induced by the fact that food
was plentiful although fishing and hunting were
often pursued at i great distance from the place of
living; wild grains grew plentifully, and fruit was
to be gathered, cured and taken care of and wild
animals were easily domesticated. The women of
the Southern countries lost the characteristics of the
male owing to the fact that they stayed at home
and were sheltered from the hardships of hunting.
They were not hunters or adventurers in the same
way that the women of the North had been. One
need only compare women of Sweden, for instance,
with women of Spain, to see the sharp contrast of
the types.
It is not surprising, therefore, to see that women
of the loosely knit, bony structure are always to be
found in the true type of the sportswoman, and
that the occasional big game huntress is invariably
a fine example of it.
It is not without significance that Spanish and
Italian women have been so backward in responding to the stimulation of outdoor life which has so
affected the more Northerly women. It is not because there is really any dislike on the part of the
women of those races; it is because the old differentiation of the Northern and Southern races is still




The Rounded Structure




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


33


effective; the South yielding to all the impetus of
the last one hundred and wonderful years far more
slowly than the North, where individual freedom
always was the ideal, and where the life of the
woman was never shut off from the harsher duties,
because conditions made it too difficult to allow her
to be thus sheltered.
On this basis, we may observe that the very dark
woman with the beautifully rounded flesh is hardly
ever physically as active as the semi-dark, the blond
and the semi-blond; but if this distinction is to be
observed, we must be sure that the bony structure
of the individual corresponds with the flesh.
There are men and women with flesh which
smoothly covers the loosely knit bony structure and
men and women with flesh which does not correspond to the closely knit bony structure. These
are the people who are versatile. They can work
at a desk and go right out and be champions in
sports; they will be artists and good business people; they will have "a lazy streak" in their make-up,
and yet be able to work like demons when the occa.
sion arises.
It is not to be forgotten that the closely knit
bony structure, with the smooth, compact flesh,the type most apt to have the fine hands and feet,
the round head, the shorter leg and arm, is the
physical formation out of which we have the best
arts and crafts of the world. The Hindus and Chi



34     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
nese and Japanese, the Mexicans, the Spanish and
the Italians are marvelous crafts people.
No Northern race has ever equaled them in this
particular, just as they have never equaled a Northern race in the outdoor occupations.




CHAPTER V


COLORING
COLORING is an index of temperament rather than
of character and should be given careful consideration.
Black hair and blue eyes are a combination, more
or less difficult to define, for in this combination we
have two opposing strains of humanity, the blue
eyes belonging to the North and the coloring to
the South. In proportion as the hair is black and
the eyes blue, we have high vitality, restlessness,
aggressiveness, impatience and peculiarity of temperament. In proportion as the hair is not so black
and the eyes shade on the gray or hazel, we have
greater moderation, and more capacity for conforming to the ordinary rules of conventional life. It is to
be noted, however, that this type runs to extremes;
intensive mental training is the only thing which will
give stability to the character. These people do not
learn through emotional reaction. They are seldom
found as adherents of churches or other spiritual
35




36     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
institutions, but are always influenced by high mentality in others. Whether or not they are emotional or expressive of emotion cannot be deduced.
Some people of this type are cold-blooded and
purely intellectual, mystics, and dreamers; others
are highly emotional and highly sexed.
Black hair, in which there is a touch of red, with
hazel eyes is a type of extreme emotionality and
varied ability. You never know what these people
are going to say or do; they have strong prejudices
and are quite unable to think things out, as their
feelings are entirely in the ascendant. Such types
make the best public speakers and best actors, since
they respond to every breath which blows upon
them. They are very poor teachers and should
never occupy positions in which they are responsible
for detail. This type often yields to melancholia
and is not infrequently affected by imaginary diseases.  Hypochondriacs and   those  who  have
strange psychological afflictions, are almost invariably of this type. They are ardent and impassioned
lovers, but not very constant, although their inconstancy is not the result of anything deliberate. For
men or women of this type to consider themselves
in a really dispassionate manner is practically impossible. They cannot and will not judge themselves.
The individual with pallid skin, pale eyes and hair




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


37


of indeterminate color, usually associated with the
loosely articulated bony structure, is pretty sure to
indicate sensuality and grossness of a rather unpleasant type. Statistics show that this is the distinctly criminal type, out of which crimes of lust
and violence most often come. The passions and
appetites of this type are wholly abnormal. Many
of the records of insane asylums show that twothirds of the inmates could be described in the following manner: pale, blue, gray or green eyes, short
lashes, scanty or very hairy eyebrows, ugly nose,
either very full or very thin lips, pallid skin, bony
and angular shoulders, large hands and feet, knobby
wrists and ankles, shuffling gait, constantly shifting
eyes, bad teeth, and one side of the face larger than
the other.
This pallid, loosely knit type is also prevalent
among criminals, and is a type from which there is
almost no hope of permanent reformation. As
against this type, the vital type may be described
roughly as follows: either red or bright brown hair,
bright or hard blue eyes, aquiline nose, square jaw,
rather square head, and a figure in which the
shoulder and hip are large. This is the Viking
type, and nine-tenths of the explorers have belonged
to this group. A large percentage of sailors are of
this physical classification. To put such a man in
an office is an injustice to the man as well as to the




38     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
office. Women of this type are invariably rebels
and are occasionally great actresses, of whom Sarah
Bernhardt and Mrs. Leslie Carter are conspicuous
examples.
Ash blonds, with hair which is pale gold in
color, often have extraordinarily vibrant eyes,
either gray, green or bright blue. These are the
workers, for they are far more active than all of
the other types combined. The same is true of the
expression of their personalities, but they are also
sly and are able to conceal anything. A good many
criminals are found in this type, especially confidence men and women, and those in business, who,
without being really criminals, play as close to the
border of the law as possible. Such people may be
true to each other, or loyal to those whom they love,
but, as a rule, are quite incapable of unselfishness.
Brown hair, in which there are glints of gold, is
the indication of physical virility. People of this
type are seldom ill. The eyes are dark brown, black
or sometimes blue. The doing of routine is not for
this type. They need strenuous physical activity.
They make ardent and demonstrative lovers, wanting admiration and praise, and giving both lavishly.
They have great physical courage and the enormous
vitality which survives fire and flood, but succumbs
to monotony or an existence devoid of excitement.
Fully one-half of the people who have become insane




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


39


through the dull repetition of routine, or the daily
performance of thankless tasks, have been of this
type, if the statistics of insane asylums mean anything. These people make excellent salesmen and
saleswomen, and are particularly successful in the
branches of work connected with the theater.
Brown hair, dull and rather lifeless, with soft
brown, blue or hazel eyes, is the typical coloring of
the "plugger" —the man or woman who tirelessly
performs day after day, week after week, the same
job requiring the never varying routine, and are
happy-strange as it may seem-perching on the
same stool, steadily repeating the same operations,
both mental and physical, three hundred and sixtyfive days in a year, minus Sundays, holidays and his
annual vacation. While it is obviously true that
these conditions are not favorable, from the standpoint of development of individuality, it is not to
be assumed that these people are lacking in real
individuality, for this type is not without its brilliant
exponent.
These are the people who are very likely, however, to succumb to epidemics or to conditions of
intense privation. They are far more dependent
upon a properly balanced food ration than are many
of the other types.
Black hair, black eyes, and the coloring associated
with this dusky type, indicate the most virile physical




40     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
classification that we have. The capacity for heavy,
manual labor is shared with the first type considered-the red hair and pale blue eyes. These
people usually have purely animal appetites, not
gross as a matter of type, but gross as a matter of
individuality. They may be-and often are ---extremely idealistic, imaginative and poetical if they
come of a family and have training which would
encourage this development, but the great preponderance of the type is of the other extreme. A
short neck, full body, large torso, low forehead,
round head, predominant eyes, small ears and
rounded chins characterize the people most frequently found in this classification. Far more food
is required by them than by any other type considered. They are totally lacking in mental originality
and are jealous and possessive in a sensuous way.
Red hair and pale blue eyes are usually associated
with ugly bones, never with graceful people; but
people of this coloring are, almost without exception, possessed of enormous endurance. The popular conception that they have "red" tempers is true.
They are inclined to be resentful, have the capacity
for secretiveness and are sometimes insincere. A
great many of the Irish and English laborer type
belong to this classification. It is to be noted, however, that they are usually of an inventive turn of
mind, and many of them have been so eccentric as




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


41


to have had their sanity questioned. Although of
extraordinary mental keenness, they are often badtempered and make moody lovers, not infrequently
suffering from acute attacks of jealousy.
Red hair and brown eyes, which usually accompany creamy skin and a well-rounded, gracious body,
are the expression of physical vitality. These people
are of a warm, loving and impulsive nature. The
difference between this type and the one previously
considered, lies in the color of the skin, color of
the eyes and contour of the body. The first type
invariably has the pale skin, freckles, very hard,
knobby looking arms and legs and a stringy neck.
In the case of the brown-eyed type, the neck is particularly beautiful, as well as the hands, and these
people are often talented dancers and singers. Their
love of pleasure is particularly marked. They have
little capacity for persistent detail.
In spite of the appearance of fickleness, they are
capable of great fidelity and loyalty toward those
who are really loved and they nearly always possess
that magnetic personality which attracts to them a
host of friends. In this type, artistic talent of some
kind will generally be found.
Occasionally, we find red hair with very dark
eyebrows heavily lashed and dark eyes, either brown
or very deep blue. This extraordinary combination
denotes just the nature we should expect it to denote




42     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
-one which is outside of type. Several well-known
criminals, notably the famous "Sophie Lyons," have
been of this coloring. Their charm and ability to
control people and impose, through the charm of
their personalities, their wishes on them, have been
fairly uncanny.
Anyone who is estimating character should look
very carefully at such persons because they may
range all the way from the genius to the high-class
criminal.
The truly gold, blond hair, with pale blue eyes,
or with greenish eyes, is the indication of a selfcontained and moderate nature.  The idea that
blondes are more volatile, more easily controlled,
and more highly sexed than brunettes is entirely
erroneous. As a rule, though exceedingly fond of
pleasure, they are undemonstrative. These people
have the capacity for detail and are to be relied
upon for careful and faithful attention to any job
undertaken, but lack inventiveness, initiative or aggressive will power.
Blond hair with dark blue eyes, blond lashes and
eyebrows, is a type to which belong many notably
unsuccessful people, unsuccessful despite the fact
that they possess the qualities for success, if properly directed. Associated with this coloring, we
usually find beautiful hands and feet and very beautiful smooth, satiny skin. These people often suffer




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED          43
cruelly from self-consciousness and from inhibitions
of all sorts. They are sometimes the victims of
fears and phobias. While seldom demonstrative,
they have the qualities of faithfulness and sincerity.




CHAPTER VI


HEADS
ASSOCIATED with the loose bony structure is the
square head, of which Teutons, originally from the
North, are usually good examples. The square
head is retentive of ideas and usually has a singletrack mind. This type is not notable for versatility
and adaptability is often lacking. Physical courage
is a positive quality, but moral courage is not so
strong. Cleverness with the hands is possessed, but
this applies to work which is, more or less, mechanical. The ideas and the mental trend, in general,
hark back to the far-away time when the progenitors
of this division of the human race were obliged to
think quickly and accurately about material things,
-how to survive the hardships of a winter of six
months, how to out-track and out-guess the dangerous animals of the North.
The round head is associated with the closely knit
bony structure and the softer and more gracious
flesh of the more compact type. The round head
never has as much physical courage as the square.
44




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


45


(I)                                   (2)


(3)
i-The Round Head
a-The Egg-Shaped Head
3-The Square Head




46    CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


The reason for this is the fact that the far-away
progenitor of the round head never had to endure
such-physical trials and never had to face such difficulties and privations. The round head, therefore,
must depend more upon moral courage, which is
wholly an intellectual and spiritual attribute.  It
follows, then, that we can nearly always depend
upon the square head for physical courage, but we
never know whether the round head will possess it
or not.
Artists and writers are almost universally this
latter type, whereas sculptors and architects are
generally found with square heads, which is perfectly logical, since they deal wholly with things that
can be touched and felt.
It is not surprising to find that the man with this
square type of head is not a favorite with highly
intellectual women except in the occasional instance
where the attraction is wholly that of opposites.
Nor is it surprising to find that statesmen and all
religious and spiritual teachers have heads of the
round type.
In the square head, the eyes are usually set either
quite close together or else extremely far apart,
whereas the round head almost always has the eyes
set at about the right angle.
Both round and square heads, which are high
from the tip of the ear to the top of the head, are
possessed by people who are, more or less, dream



CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


47


ers. They may dream great dreams and so be
geniuses; or they may dream of "castles in the air"
and thus be failures,-but both belong to the same
type. This explains why many a ne'er-do-well who
has failed in almost every occupation in life may
become an outstanding figure in the world's history
as soon as conditions are propitious for the realization of his dreams. The dreamer is usually a person of limited outlook and limited interests, obsessed
by certain aspects of some subject or other.
In the human pack of cards, the high head is the
joker; it may mean anything. For instance, Thomas
Edison was considered a defective child; Cecil John
Rhodes was thought almost insane at one time; Sir
Walter Scott was thought to be merely a pleasant
dreamer and was such a poor business man that he
lost three successive fortunes; and Mark Twain was
a very poor pilot on the Mississippi River and a
mighty poor printer  All were high heads I
Let us now consider a totally different type of
head, the head which is long in the sense of being
heavy at the back, usually rounded out in a half
egg-shape. This is the type head possessed by people
whose humanitarian instincts are strong. These are
the people who love children, who are interested in
projects dealing with the uplift and betterment of
the human race and who are swept along by the
impulse to do good for the greatest number, rather
than for particular persons. The man or woman




48     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
who has this humanitarian urge does not consider
people as individuals, but rather as members of a
group or class. This type of person is highly emotional and must not be confused with the welfare
worker, whose cool and dispassionate temperament
enables her to discriminate and exercise sound judgment instead of regarding the humanitarian problem from the purely sentimental point of view.
People of this type are almost incapable of tense
attachment to any one person; their affections are
extensive rather than intensive. The ability to become intensely interested in individuals is lost in
their love of humanity. Mr. Schwartz, who has
become famous as an inventor of children's toys, has
a head so suggestive of this type that it is well worth
study.
Many women with this type of head make ideal
mothers of young children. They love babies because they are babies and will open their hearts to
any young child. They are quick to feel for animals and to blaze with interest over any project
which has to do with the betterment of child education.
Men of this type often marry more because they
want children than for special attachment to any
women. They do not fall in love with the individual woman, they fall in love with ideal of motherhood. Doctors are especially apt to belong to this
type, and when they do they will be found among




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


49


those who are violent opposers of any kind of birth
control; they are usually the advocates of the principle that in a birth it is the child's life which must
be saved and that the mother must be saved, if
possible.
For a man of this type to marry the exceedingly
individualistic woman, with the head which is even
a little flattened at the back, leads, invariably, to
unhappiness for both, all the more poignant in that
both are wonderful types of humanity, and that
neither one of them is capable of understanding
what really affects the other.
The races in which this head is most often found
are the ones who have never been able to rationalize
their love of children. They would rather have ten
of them in a family, even though none of the ten
are to have any chance of education, than to limit
the family and so bring into the world more highly
efficient individuals.
As is natural, we find in this type the home lovers
and the stay-at-homes.  Such people are not attracted by the ideas of change and development, do
not care to travel and are indifferent to the pleasures
which are disconnected with home life.
The sweetness of disposition of this head is a
beautiful thing, but it is to be noted that these very
people, who are so wonderful as the parents of the
young child, usually perceive, with astonishment,
that when their children go over the tenth year,




50     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
they begin to slip away from intimacy with the
parents. This is because the child, from ten to
twenty, is always highly individualized, whether they
stay so or not-and the parents of the type we are
considering are quite unable to cope with that development I have long thought that we ought to
have parents graded, just as we have teachers
graded, some for the very young, the middle ages
and the older "teens"-but it does not seem very
practical 1




CHAPTER VII


FACES
MANY of our popular conceptions as to the shape
of chins and jaws, have, on close examination, been
found to be quite erroneous, so that the student of
character may have to rid himself of many preconceived ideas on this point. A square chin, for example, has popularly been thought to indicate
strength of will and determination, but this is an
entirely mistaken idea. It does show a certain tendency toward aggressiveness of the purely physical
type. Men with square chins are quicker than others
to knock another man down because of a real or
fancied insult. Fighters and people who are physically pugnacious have the square chin. These people, however, seldom make any great impression on
the world through their achievements. Square jaws
and square chins usually go together.
The entire absence of chin, which we occasionally
find, means just what popular tradition has ascribed
to it, and people with these chins are misfits everywhere and thoroughly inefficient, though frequently
5I




52     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
filled with a sense of their own importance, which is
the reflex action of an inferiority complex.
Chins which are moderate in outline, rather softly
rounded and not prominent will be found mainly in
the intellectual, thus giving the wedge or oval shape
of face which is so characteristic of the intellectual
type of person.
The chin in which there is either a dimple or a
cleft means just one thing-a love of pleasure. The
owners have little real stamina, can never endure
routine, and are invariably people of great physical
charm and personal magnetism. This type is found
among social leaders, presidents of clubs and public
speakers. A great many actors and clergymen have
this type of chin, and it is often found also in supersalesmen and confidence men.   Newspapers frequently express surprise at the gracious personality
of some of the high-class confidence men and other
types of criminals, but, as a matter of fact, they are
simply good actors, good clergymen, and good salesmen whose energies have been misdirected. The
clergyman who is a success belongs to the actor type,
of course, and the proof of this is the fact that many
an actor has become a clergyman, and many a clergyman a very good actor. We find frequent examples
of this in the daily papers and one of the most conspicuous of these was Wright Lorrimer.
The sedentary type of person, phlegmatic in temperament, with little desire for intense physical




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED         53
activity often bemoans the fact that he or she has a
double chin. We are all familiar with the type of
woman who eats four or five meals a day, loves
sweets, but despite her chin, insists on telling you
what a small appetite she has. You can believe her
if you like, but the mere fact of her double chin
shows a fondness for food.
Men of this type may be mentally active and are
very often found among bankers, financiers and in
executive positions where little physical activity is
required.




CHAPTER VIII


THE MOUTH
THE shape of the mouth, and the thickness or
thinness of the lips tell us a great deal, and whereas
the eyes can be made to lie, it is very difficult to
consciously alter the shape of one's mouth, so that
in analyzing character the mouth by far is the most
dependable index. The large mouth which is almost
a slit does not need to be taken with any qualification. It means that the possessor is cold, severe,
stern, and without the capacity for any ardor.
Thin lips are invariably the indication of natures
in which ardent affection is not a dominant element.
Very full lips, on the contrary, particularly those
which are beautifully cut, are sure to indicate a
nature which enjoys caresses and which is demonstrative in the expression of the feelings. However,
in the case of excessively large lips, there will be
found a perversion of these traits and a tendency
toward the sensual or even the licentious.
The very small mouth, with beautifully cut lips,
neither thin nor full, is that of the selfish individual.
54




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


The Thin Lip


(2)
(I)                                   (2)


-The Large Lower Lip
2-The Cupid's Bow Lip




56     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
There is no exception to this rule, but fortunately
such perfect mouths are seldom seen.
When the lower lip is very much fuller than the
upper so that it protrudes, there is sensuality and
grossness in the nature. Vanity also is shown by
the short upper lip and this person loves to be
praised. The long upper lip indicates a disposition
which really objects to approbation, and never fails
to detect flattery.  Such a nature has strong elements of tenacity and perseverance. A pouting
upper lip is the indication of pride.
Mouths which are shut very firmly show resistiveness to influence. People with this type of mouth
are never magnetic and are seldom quick to form
attachments or close associations. Mouths which
are habitually partially open are the indications of
friendliness and of the capacity to receive and give
friendship to all sorts of people. It may also be
an indication of credulity; this will depend upon the
degree of intelligence expressed by the face as a
whole. The flexible mouth generally indicates generosity.
It is to be noted that in the case of the mouth, as
in all other indications of character in the face, we
must judge very carefully, since there is occasionally
a complete mask of character in the face which may
have been derived from some ancestor. There will
always be something, however, to show this. Occasionally, for instance, we have the very thin lip with




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED         57
the large, sympathetic and deeply set eye, which contradicts the thin mouth; or we may have the full
mouth and the cold and rather shallow-looking eye.
It is often necessary to weigh one indication against
another and estimate accordingly.
Joseph Conrad speaks of "that elusive something
-a line, a fold, perhaps the form of the eye, the
droop of an eyelid, the curve of a cheek, that trifling
trait which on no-two faces on earth is alike, that
in each face is the very foundation of expression as
if, all the rest being heredity, mystery or accident,
it alone had been shaped consciously by the soul
within."




CHAPTER IX


EARS
EARS which stand out well away from the head
are nearly always the indication of some personal
eccentricity. People with these ears cannot conform
to convention and, as a rule, will not make the slightest effort to do so. They will seek success in their
own way, according to their own ideas, and although
individual in thought, and possessed of a personality
which is more or less dominant, the curious contradiction is that they are seldom assertive in manner
and appear to have few of those traits of character
which they, in reality, possess.
An amusing prejudice against this type of ear has
come into existence, quite apart from its lack of
beauty and symmetry-so much so that special caps
are manufactured for use in the case of infants
whose ears have this tendency, but few mothers, of
course, do this with any realization of the significance of the outstanding ear. Outstanding ears, in
the case of a child, are very conspicuous, and a little
58




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


59


observation will show anyone that these children are
never the sweet little dears of convention.
The traditional idea that outstanding ears are an
indication of generosity is entirely erroneous. This
idea must have had its origin in a desire to console
the unfortunate possessors of such ears. As a matter of actual fact, there is nothing to be told about
generosity or the lack of it from the conformation
of the ear. It is further to be noted that the occasional extremely large and outstanding ear of the
mental defective is to be distinguished from the outstanding ear of the normal person by its awkward
shape, and by the fact that the upper flange is wider
than it should be-so wide, in fact, that the tip of
the ear curls over. Indeed, the appearance of large
upper flanges of the ear are certain indications of
some mental condition which is not altogether normal. The old idea that inventors are half mad is
somewhat borne out by the fact that inventiveness
is apt to be indicated by this ear formation.
Lombroso, and a good many other students of
criminology, have held the theory that the so-called
faun's ear, which is pointed at the tip, is the criminal
ear; and it would seem that there was a good deal
of evidence to substantiate this theory, since such
an ear has been found in a great many instances in
particularly clever and unusual criminals.
This ear is frequently found, however, among




60   CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


people who are descended from very old families
and seems to have an analogy to the slight irregularities in toe and finger joints which are so often
the indication of inbred blood. Both the ear and
the knobby first joint in the fingers and the somewhat deformed toes are conspicuous in typical individuals of the English aristocracy in families which
have intermarried, more or less, for a good many
generations. It is obvious that there may be some
foundation for the impression that intermarriage between blood relations is productive of simple-mindedness, inasmuch as this type of ear may be indicative of eccentricity and mental weakness, as well as
mental traits which are merely unusual.
It is interesting in this connection to note that
some of the cleverest swindlers ever known in continental Europe have been of this type. This ear,
therefore, is always a matter of conjecture and must
be carefully weighed against all other indications
of character.
The alleged musical ear has a large lobe and the
pictures of famous composers would seem to support
this contention, for the large lobe is almost universally present. There is a popular conception
that a large lobe is indicative of generosity and if
we interpret generosity as the impulse to give in
response to appeals to the sympathies, we may agree
with this theory, inasmuch as singers and musicians




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


61


(I)


(2)


x-The Thin Lobe Ear
— The Faun Ear




62     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
are well known for their responsiveness to all calls
made upon them by charities, being very different
in this respect from actors and writers, neither of
which classes will respond as a body to any appeal
directed to their emotions alone, although they may
do so as individuals.
The ear with a small lobe, or practically no lobe,
and which seems to be fastened very closely to the
head, is essentially the ear which is indicative of
capriciousness in respect to any form of generosity.
People with this type of ear are inclined to do anything whatever for those who are related to them
by ties of blood or close friendship, and they may
be ardent in their support of philanthropic causes,
but, as a rule, they are lacking in the true spirit of
generosity, in that they are incapable of making the
wishes or happiness of others their primary consideration.
This is the ear of the typical reformer, the individual who is zealous in his devotion to an abstract
idea, but rather lacking in real humanness and the
capacity for feeling sympathy save for those who
are of more or less the same type. It would sound
absurd if we were to say that nearly all reforms
fail, because the people who are the reformers have
the wrong kind of ears, but the character analyst
knows that it is true. The closely pinned lobed ear
is also something of a "snooper" and a high-handed




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


63


The Outstanding Ear




64     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
boss, liking to interfere in the lives of others and
too apt to have a set formula with which all problems of the world are met. The pity of it is, that
the ear which is symmetrical, pink, of a pleasant
shape and well set, is not the type of ear which is
found in the reformer, the teacher or the politician
and yet they should have just this type of ear.
Large ears usually belong to people with a keen
sense of values. These are the folks who can go
shopping and tell just what each article has cost
when they return; they do well in mercantile and
financial businesses and are successful as buyers.
Small ears may have even a greater business significance, but not in the same way. People with
this type of ear organize and control the work of
others. Few executives have large ears, unless they
have to do with the strictly financial end of their
businesses. The small-eared person is apt to have
more self-confidence, and more generalship than the
person with large ears. People possessed of the
ability to make others do what they themselves cannot do, as a rule, have small ears.
Thick, fleshy ears correspond to the thick, fleshy
mouth and contribute to the diagnosis of sensuality,
but when the mouth does not conform to this, we
may have merely a cold and unemotional temperament, with hearty appetites for food and drink as
their only love of the sensual delights of life.
Very thin ears, especially those in which there is




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED         65
a poor circulation of blood, show decided lack
of vitality. Pernicious anemia is expressed by the
perfectly bloodless ear, which is exceptionally
thin.




CHAPTER X


THE HANDS
THERE is no part of the human anatomy which
is a more dependable reflection of character than
the hand. The face may be deceptive, for the features alone may be derived by inheritance so that
they do not express the actual spirit that is within.
It is also possible to change the expression of the
face at will and even to change the shape of the
eyes and of the mouth by a conscious effort and thus
create a false impression of the nature of the individual. The hand, however, cannot be altered in
size or shape, so that it, like the shape of the head,
is a really dependable index of character. Hands,
moreover, are an individual matter and do not seem
to run in families, as do the features of the face,
except in the matter of size.
The possession of a large hand is almost invariably the indication that only a few centuries ago the
ancestors of the person with the large hand were
engaged in plowing, or in some other form of man66




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED         67
ual labor. Thus, it is possible to judge of the origin
of individuals and by this means alone account for
a strain of gaucherie in a man or woman who is of
apparently very fine family. Going back into his or
her history far enough will doubtless disclose the
source of the large hand-and hence the traits of
character that are the heritage from some peasant
ancestor.
Very small hands and feet, very small wrists and
ankles, are the proof of a long descent from people
who have not done manual labor and who have not
done much walking. Families who have for generations held positions which have kept them from
every form of labor except that of mind will give
to their descendants tiny hands and feet and wrists
and ankles that have no strength.
It is to be remembered that a few generations
do not make changes of this sort, and also that
the occasional introduction of blood from those
who have been more or less laborers will change
the general tenor; but the general proposition
stands.
The hand which belongs to the loosely knit bony
structure is, as might be expected, more or less the
large hand. This is logical when viewed from the
standpoint of the historical background of the loosely
knit type of people. Since conditions in the far
North were always such as to drive all the inhabit



68    CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


The Artistic Hand




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


69


ants to hunting and fishing, the rise of the priestly
class and the kingly class and the aristocracy has
invariably been in the South where the easier conditions of living permitted the leadership of mind
rather than brawn. In the North, the possessor
of large hands was admired as a mighty hunter or
warrior, whereas the man with small hands would
doubtless display less prowess in the things that were
considered worth while. In the South, however, the
development of a leisure class placed a value, perhaps a false one, on the possession of small hands
and feet. All this can be readily seen if we compare the better class of Swedes, Danes and Norwegians with the better class of French, Spaniards,
Arabians and Orientals.
A small hand, other things being taken into consideration, of course, is apt to show the dominating
influence of the mind-and these are the people from
whom we get nearly all of our intellectual giants.
The large hand is sure to belong to the constructive
type of people, and we find it most often among
engineers, architects, landscape gardeners, designers
and users of art rather than creators of it.
Long fingers, loosely articulated (a fact which
can be easily seen by the tendency of the thumb to
turn backward in its pronounced arch), are the ineffectual hands. The firmer the fingers, the more
directness and positiveness of clutch and action,




70     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
the greater is the efficiency of the individual.
Bony fingers are usually associated with knobby,
flat wrists, and they belong to the constructive class
of people. It may seem at first glance that the inclusion of philosophers in this group would be
incorrect, but we can reconcile this only by the
realization that those who deal with philosophy
are as truly constructive as those who build
bridges.
Round wrists, flexible but strong fingers and small
hands will be found almost universally in the extremely efficient and hard-working type.  Such
hands are not necessarily beautiful, but they are the
hands of those who are to be depended upon to be
producers.
The typical artistic hand with smooth skin, good
bones, well-knit, well-rounded wrists, full palms and
pointed fingers, is not the creative individual, but
rather the person who has a keen appreciation of
what is artistic and beautiful. A great mistake has
been made in the classification of hands on this point,
for these hands do not produce. They are the hands
of those who are able to judge and criticize, and it
is not at all surprising to find that a great many
teachers and educators have such hands, particularly those who deal with literature, history and
art. Interior decorators and those who are expert
in the buying and selling of objects of beauty are




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


71


often found with this type of hand. These people
are extremely sensitive to their surroundings, react
quickly to the influence of color and atmosphere, are
generally far more temperamental than those who
create art and are often almost unable to control
themselves in a world that is not adjusted to their
love of harmony. They are not adaptable and find
the greatest difficulty in adjusting themselves to conditions which are not congenial.
Short, stubby fingers, a large hand from edge to
edge, and a full palm-is the hand which is almost
that of the beast. These are the people to whom
drinking and other minor gratifications of the senses
are of tremendous importance. It is the universal
hand of the day laborer. Note again, however, that
it is not the hand of extreme violence except where
the primitive passions of which the character consists are aroused. The possessor of such a hand
may wield a weapon and commit a murder in a fit
of passion, but would have no instinct for vicious
or deliberate evil doing.
The type of hand which you will most often find
in those who are inmates in insane asylums is quite
distinct from most other types, and you could rarely
mistake it. It is very loosely articulated, has a bony
finger, a knobby, flat wrist, and flesh which gives
the impression of having no blood in it. It is the
flabby type of hand, without vitality, and is usually




72    CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
either cold or extremely hot, and is very often continually wet with perspiration. Just to grasp such
a hand is enough to flash a warning to anyone who
knows anything about hands.




CHAPTER XI


EYES
THE face is, perhaps, the best index of human
character and it is by people's faces that we most
frequently judge them, though we should not underestimate the importance of the bony structure.
The eyes are doubtless the most interesting feature of any individual, though the evidence of the
eyes alone is not conclusive. For instance, we often
think of "the bright eye" as an indication of intellectual keenness, whereas some of the most brilliant
people have lacked this proverbial luster of the eye
because of some physical disorder, or even lack of
sufficient sleep, or proper diet.
The shape of the eye is most significant. Eyes
which are very round are always the expression of
either innocence or lack of shrewdness or even of
stupidity. For instance, the child's eye is nearly
always round and when we approximate the child's
eye in an adult, we know that that individual has
not thoroughly matured.
The long eye, on the contrary, which is very hard
73




74     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
to open wide because the lids are tightly attached
at each corner, is the eye of sophistication. Mental
activity has the tendency to narrow the eye. If this
long type of eye has well-arched brows and long
lashes, it is very beautiful; but, in that case, there
is sometimes a lack of sincerity and truthfulness.
Three-cornered eyes in which the lid is so arranged
that the apex of the triangle seems to lie in the
middle of the upper lid are cynical, whimsical and
sometimes eccentric.  The student of character
analysis will rarely encounter this latter type of eye.
The medium eye, which is neither large nor round,
neither small nor long, nor three-cornered, depends
for its interpretation upon the soul which looks out
through it; but, a good many things about this general type of eye will tell the observer much of the
character of its possessor.
Eyes which seem to laugh do not really do so, but
on close examination they will be found to be some,
what shut over eyeballs which have more than the
usual amount of luster. This is generally due to
some physical make-up of the eyeball anrd does not
necessarily reflect amusement. The tiny tear ducts
under the eyelid are delicately affected by all our
emotions, especially joy and sorrow, thus giving the
eye an added brilliance when we are moved. Laughing eyes do not necessarily indicate a merry and
happy disposition, as is popularly supposed, but
rather a temperament in which the moods are quick




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED           75
- -  I     I
(I)
-   _
— _.22
(3)
— The Three-Cornered Eye
— The Slant Eye
3-The Round Eye




76     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
to come and go. Such people are just as ready to
cry as to laugh. Self-control, the power to resist
depression and the ability to conceal the emotions,
are entirely lacking in these people, but self-expression, for them, is always easy. This type of eye is
found in nine-tenths of the actors and actresses who
have attained prominence.
The deep-set eye, usually overhung somewhat by
the brow, may show either a defective mind or a
very reflective mind. If a defective mind-the eye
will have unsteadiness in its glance and the effect
produced will be that of shallowness in the iris;
whereas the reflective eye seems to have in it a sort
of cold flame, very penetrating, very steady, and
not to be ignored even by the most unobservant.
The eye which is habitually kept half-closed is an
indication of the capacity for secretiveness. This
does not necessarily mean that the possessor is
treacherous, or insincere, but it does signify a capacity for superb deception.




CHAPTER XII


THE FEET
IN general, it may be noted that all that has been
said of large hands and small hands will apply
equally well to large and small feet, for as a rule
the feet correspond in size to the hands, though
this is not always the case.
Feet that are long and narrow are found in people
in whom there is a strong sense of what we may call
aristocracy. Such people are not content to work
among the lower classes. They are usually haughty
and like to feel that they are distinguished and that
they are in some way or other worthy of special
attention and consideration. There is a class-consciousness that usually exists in the mind of the
individual with the long, narrow foot. The loosely
articulated hand with the thumb which curls backward is very apt to be associated with this foot.
Feet that are broad and which have long toes
belong, as a rule, to the constructive type of person
-the engineer, the architect, the designer. Anyone
who is interested in applied art is apt to have this
type of foot.
77




78    CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
Feet which have very short toes nearly always
belong to those who have dominating personalities
and who wish to control their own destinies. These
people want to achieve in and for and by themselves.
They are also impatient of conventions and usually
dislike to be tied down to a family tree. These
people usually have little in common with those who
have the long, narrow type of foot.
The high instep which is accompanied by an arch
in the ball of the foot is nearly always associated
with a small foot. This is obviously a case where
habit and custom created a human structure, for
that foot is the outgrowth of countless generations
of the wearing of shoes and of people who have
ridden and not walked. Now that shoes are universal, we are apt to forget that up to a hundred
years ago two-thirds of the human race went barefoot except on ceremonial occasions or in very cold
weather. The so-called common people went without foot covering, and the natural result was a larger
and flatter form of foot structure. On the other
hand, the families which habitually wore foot covering, in and out of doors and under all conditions,
were naturally the ruling families. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that the people who have
arched feet are not those who find it easy to take
orders from others. Oriental nations have much
greater flexibility of the great toe than Occidental
nations do. This is partly due to the fact that their




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED  79


The Short Vamp Foot




80     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
foot coverings are less cramping, but, like everything
else, it is also an indication of that flexibility of
morals that ability to hold conventions and convictions which do not have a really active influence on
the life. This is easily illustrated by the fact that
in Oriental nations there was little connection between moral obligation, spiritual development and
whatever religion is professed.
Very few Orientals consider religion as anything
to do with the conduct of everyday life. The Negro
has the flexible big toe also, and it has the same
significance.
The curiosity of the Negro foot is that the heel
usually extends slightly backward, thus reproducing
faintly an animal foot. Negroes are said to have
very large feet, but this fact, while true, is greatly
accentuated by the necessity for their wearing shoes
large enough to allow for this bump at the back of
the foot. Occasionally this conformation is found
on a white man, and then, as in the case of the
pointed ear, the most careful consideration must
be given it before any interpretation as to its meaning is made.




CHAPTER XIII


NOSES
LARGE noses are the indication of a love of money
and all material things. People with large noses are
shrewd and will never lose an opportunity to make
a dollar. These people frequently pluck success
from the very conditions in which all other types
of noses will fail. The success of the Hebrew race
in trade is a fine example of how this nose dominates
in a matter of barter.
The aquiline nose of the North American Indian
indicates this same capacity; however, when the
Indian came in contact with the white man he met
with an entire reversal of all his previous standards,
and in approaching the new standards, his natural
capacity was of little avail. When Indians are bargaining over something which is part of their racial
heritage, their ability to come off victors in the argument is well known. Gypsies are not supposed to
be an acquisitive race, but their ability for untold
thousands of years to make a good living by the
mere trading of horses and by matching their wits
81




82     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
against the world at large, is sufficient evidence that
their aquiline noses mean something. The peoples
who have made great successes in finance have never
had small noses.
Noses in which the nostrils are widely spread are
indicative of physical vitality. Such noses are able
to draw into the lungs a greater volume of air than
noses in which the nostrils are pinched. Those with
narrow, pinched noses are never the robust type;
they are subject to tuberculosis, to nervous affections
and anemic conditions. Those with widely spread
noses are subject to bowel, liver and kidney trouble
because the widely spread nose is the indication of
lusty passions and heavier appetites.
The upturned nose is indicative of natures which
are irresponsible, gay, and usually fond of pleasure
of a rather harmless, but useless, type. Cleverness
of speech will be found associated with such noses.
The traditional quickness of wit possessed by the
Irish is not shown in those members of the race who
have the thin and aquiline nose. This latter type
of nose goes with an Irish trait which is little spoken
of, but which is really very common-the ability to
make the best of all conditions and get the most out
of them. This type is apt to be dark complexioned
with dark brown or blue eyes; whereas, the upturned
nose more often accompanies the red-haired, blueeyed type from whom the typical Irish wit emanates.
Noses having an odd indentation at the curve of




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


83


(K)                     (2)
I-The Large Nose
2-The Up-Tilted Nose




84     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
the nostril, an indentation which can be seen to contract and expand at times of excitement, are predatory noses. People with this type of nose are quick
to perceive and take advantage of the weakness or
misfortunes of others.
It is a notable fact that men who are in prison
for running confidence games have this type of nose.
The type of nose which is often called the Greek
type-long, sharp and pointed-indicates a considerable degree of mentality, artistic tendencies and
the ability to make quick decisions. Love of harmony, culture and refinement are the indications of
this finely chiseled, straight nose.




CHAPTER XIV


VOCATIONS
THE importance of character analysis in connection with vocational guidance cannot be overestimated.
It is obvious that a nature in which there is extreme restlessness will not be adapted for indoor
work of a routine nature. For this reason, you will
find nearly all office workers of the dark-haired type.
A little observation in various offices will soon confirm this.
As the blond is of the Northern and adventurous
type, no matter where he may have been born, you
will find at least two-thirds of the salesmen belonging to this classification.
Executives cannot have a nature which is too
closely wedded to routine, and, therefore, they will
be most likely to belong to the indeterminate classes
of coloring, except when they are occasionally of the
blond coloring with very deep blue or brown eyes.
The usual executive is a black-haired men; the usual
supersalesman is the tall, rangy blond with brilliant
eyes.




86     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
Women with keen appreciation of harmony and
color, who are successful in interior decoration and
design, are usually small, compactly built, of a color
leaning toward the dark, and with beautiful hands.
(Note that the idea that pointed fingers and smooth
and graceful hands are possessed by the creative
artist is erroneous. This is the hand of appreciation
of art, and is invariably the type of hand to be found
among women who excel as interior decorators and
designers.)
People who are logically fitted for command are
extremes of the physical conformation; very large
men and quite small men being most often found at
the helm. The capacity of the small man is usually
based on exactly the opposite of what one would
consider logical, which is, the ability to oversee, to
judge, to discriminate and to put others to work.
The ability of the large man is equally reverse to
the ordinary conception; he is a man who can do
the actual work which he demands from others.
It will be seen how true this is when you remember
that captains of steamships, foremen and men in
charge of large organizations who have crept up
through the various stages of development, are
nearly always large, whereas the captains of industry, very often with little knowledge of the detail
of the work which they demand from others, are
small, and even frail men.




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


87


Most frequently the man of medium size is not
the executive.
Almost the same rule applies to women, with the
exceptions that very large women do not seem to
fill positions of command. Possibly this is due to
the fact that the positions which they might fill,
analogous to that of the steamship captains, etc.,
are not open to them. Very small women are the
ones who most often possess forcefulness.  The
larger the woman, the less her individual assertiveness. A curious light on this point was given me by
Paul Hamet, the African photographer, who said
that he could nearly always recognize the hereditary
princesses of the tribes by their assertive manner
and their small size, and that this was so well known
that when one tribe carried off a girl or two, as they
did occasionally, they chose the smallest ones they
could find, thereby being practically assured of their
good birth and of their power to command-the
women in the African tribes having far more power
than is usually attributed to them.
It is also to be noted that either the very large
or the very small hand is possessed by people who
are in command. This may seem a mere accident,
until you reflect that a great many small people have
very large hands, and that a fair proportion of large
people have small hands.
It is a serious mistake to believe that there exists
a particular vocational niche into which every person




88     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
must exactly fit. A man, for instance, who has a
talent for salesmanship can sell a warship or a paper
of pins with equal facility, providing, of course, that
he is equally conversant with the talking points of
both. People who possess adaptability can quite
easily turn from one vocation to another, as is evidenced by the fact that a good preacher has often
become a good actor and good housekeepers acquit
themselves creditably in Congress-for, after all,
government is nothing more than a matter of orderly
housekeeping. A woman possessed of a talent for
applied art and crafts may make atrocities in embroidered pillow-shams, tidies and head-rests, yet
become a most accomplished designer of batik.
Grammar and grade school teachers must have
the capacity for detail, but college professors, or
those who would teach through inspirational lectures, rather than by classroom routine, are hampered by this very capacity for detail. Their qualifications must consist of a broad, mental outlook, a
magnetic personality, a compelling voice and the
ability to present their subjects-however, uninteresting-in an interesting light.
Fully one-half of the girls who decide on a "business" career, which to them means stenography and
typing, are totally unfitted for this work. Many
who are possessed of that dexterity which enables
women to produce such exquisite needlework and the
finest of craft, allow that real talent to lie fallow




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


89


while they undergo in an office the painful process
of trying to write "snappy" business letters and of
attempting to conquer the cordially despised routine
of the monotonous daily round of clerical duties.
Many men are peculiarly adapted for clerical
work and a great many women who have failed in
such positions have been possessed of real mechanical genius. The fact that women are skilled mechanics was demonstrated beyond any question of
doubt during the war, when the extremely difficult
and often dangerous operations of machine shops
were intrusted to them, with the result that they
proved themselves, in many instances, more highly
efficient than the men whom they replaced.
Cooking is popularly supposed to be the forte of
woman; yet, women are seldom as good cooks as
men, and so on. A consideration of vocations from
the standpoint of adaptation to the sexes brings us
face to face with the fact that the recognized spheres
of work for men and women are wholly without
scientific foundation.
The male is usually possessed of a more highly
trained sense of smell and taste, longer vision,
quicker response to emotional stimulus than the female; which explains the fact that most of our composers and painters are men. Their art is the expression of their emotional reactions. The male in
primeval times-as, indeed, in the animal world —
was the aggressor in matters of sex. The female,




90     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
however, was the first to take to the arts and crafts
and to make civilization possible, through sanitation, morality and education. She is, naturally, a
better craftswoman, a better mechanic and a better
governor than man, while he is a better writer,
purely and wholly because of his mental and emotional reactions. For women to seek to compete
with men on the score of music, art, color and song
is usually hopeless.
Since the full or pop eye shows the faculty of
memory, those who possess it can be trusted to do
careful and accurate jobs, remember what they are
told, carry out instructions to the letter of the word.
Commercial art, diamond cutting, intricate designing are the lines of work which these people can
follow with the best success.
The deep-set eye, somewhat overhung by the
brow, is the eye of reflection, and its possessor seldom does things efficiently with his hands; in fact,
he is often incapable of even the most ordinary of
work, but frequently equally capable of controlling
the work of others, and of putting into execution
schemes, not one detail of which he could accomplish
alone. All the work of this type is purely mental.
People with closely knit bodies have the ability
to endure at sedentary jobs. For instance, the stenographer who is contented in her work, and able
'to endure the long hours of work at a typewriter,
will usually have a figure that is closely knit, and




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


91


one which is not large. You occasionally encounter
a private secretary of large stature, with loosely
knit figure, but she is far more interested in meeting
the public and in handling clients with tact and
assurance, while her employer plays golf, than in
the actual clerical duties involved.  The private
secretary capable of responsibility and the one who
is the personal representative of her employer, is
apt to be the rather large type and is inclined to
delegate the tiring routine jobs to the small compact
people, who are better able to endure the confinement and deadly grind of the work.
Those who have an innate talent for dancing generally have legs which are loosely knit to the pelvic
bone. They usually have rounded ankles and knees
and well-arched feet. It is a curious fact that a
great many women dancers are flat-chested and have
not the graceful curves which are characteristic of
womanhood, even though the figure may be otherwise rounded and very feminine.
It is erroneous to think that the narrow-hipped
man or woman is naturally a good dancer. They
may appear to have narrow hips because of the
physical training which keeps down the flesh on the
thighs and hips, but the bony structure itself is large.
This is particularly noticeable when one observes
the dancers in any ballet-those who must endure
the strenuous life of constant rehearsals and of incessant practice. Occasionally, dancers who are of




92     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
the lean, rangy, knobby-kneed and knobby-armed
type, with narrow pelvis, succeed in attaining temporary prominence, but their success is seldom enduring. The great Pavlowa, as to skeleton, is distinctly the dancer.
The expert on vocational guidance becomes so
accustomed to placing individuals in particular positions that sometimes a mere glance at a person will
enable him, without a detailed analysis, to classify
him in his proper category. Even for the novice, it
is fairly easy to recognize certain types of workers
such as school teachers, librarians, office workers,
salesmen, etc., and with experience, this ability to
differentiate quickly will develop. It is, perhaps,
even easier to recognize those who are unfitted for
the vocation which they follow.




CHAPTER XV


FALSE IDEAS
THE beginner of the study of character analysis
is always hampered by preconceived and often
wholly mistaken ideas of certain physical indications
or what might be termed "half of the truth."
For instance, to most people a dimple in the chin
signifies a great love of pleasure, and so it may in
some cases; but what it does actually indicate is the
appreciation of pleasure and the capacity for understanding the refinements of pleasure.
Square chins are popularly believed to typify
sternness, and while this is, more or less, true, the
conclusion must often be modified, according to the
type of nose and mouth.
Coarse and fine hair are thought to mark the distinction between refinement and coarseness of temperament, which is not wholly true, but is merely
an indication of degrees of susceptibility to impression. The finer the hair, and the finer the texture
of the skin, the more likely the individual is to instantly react to everything in the environment.
93




94     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
Curly haired people are supposed to be loving,
which is quite untrue. On the contrary, curly
haired people are very fond of being loved!
Very beautiful teeth are usually possessed by stupid people; I haven't an idea why this is true. They
are often very interesting and worth while, intelligent and efficient, but never brilliant. Although
brilliant people sometimes have good looking teeth,
you will usually find them large, possibly white, but
never small and beautiful. Most of the world's
famous literary people and artists have poor, or, at
least, malformed teeth.
Very small teeth set slightly apart are supposed
to be an indication of deceit. What this spacious
arrangement of teeth really shows is a very weak
constitution and a predisposition to contract contagious and infectious diseases of all kinds.
The hand with long, tapering fingers, smooth
skin and without knobs on the fingers is erroneously
regarded as the "artistic hand," while it is merely
the indication of the artistic temperament in which
the appreciation of art is keen. The creative
artistic hand is usually small and firm, with rounded,
pointed or blunt fingers, sometimes knobby.
Women with full figures have always been regarded as especially fitted for motherhood. This
is easily disproven by the fact that women with
large bosoms are often the very women who are
unable to nurse their children.




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED          95
The idea that the large pelvis gives ease in childbirth is entirely without foundation. The Negro
woman will give birth to a child one day and be
found toiling in the fields the following day, whereas
the pelvis of the Negro woman is narrower than
that of any other race.
Eyebrows which meet in the center are often said
to indicate insincerity, whereas they are really a sign
of temper and the capacity for intense rage. For
confirmation of this deduction we may turn to Hindus, Gypsies and dark-skinned, black-eyed people.
Eyes which are set very closely together do not
show stinginess and meanness, as our novelists try
to make us believe. They show lack of imagination,
lack of self-confidence and usually poor physical development. In fact, eyes set far apart are more
likely to belong to the insincere person. Observation of the photographs of high class swindlers in
any rogues' gallery will confirm this.




CHAPTER XVI


CONCLUSION
THE study of character as expressed in a human
body is a thing which has grown into a science
within the memory of the people who read this. It
is one of the greatest strides that the world has
ever made toward sanity.
Up to this time we have studied government, for
instance, without the slightest reference to the units
which government was expected to handle. We
have theorized on the marriage tie, on family life
and on the training of children without stopping to
classify the very objects in which we have dealt.
The best of our minds have been given to the
making of physical comfort and the marvelous adjustment of our bodies to life, but we have never
done more than give the most cursory attention to
the animating spirit of the body. With instruments
which seem to almost transcend material practicability we study the stars, and meanwhile the actual
substance of which our immediate world is composed remains a mystery even to men and women
who are trained thinkers.
96




CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED


97


We can classify a flower, an insect, a piece of
architecture, but the fellow beings who pass us on
the street are sealed and mysterious creatures to
us, although they carry the advertisement of what
they are so plainly written upon them that it would
be possible to stand at a street corner and name
them as they came by-if we knew how.
A poet once said that "The proper study of mankind is man" but it has taken us a long time to get
around to the understanding that in those few words
he spoke the great and profound truth of all the
ages.
The character analyst, going about the streets of
any city, will be aghast to see how this ignorance
of the classification of humanity works against all
success and achievement and happiness. He looks
in at a church wedding and finds the bridegroom a
man who wants a home and a half a dozen children
for his happiness being united in the holy bonds of
matrimony to a woman who cares little for either
home or children and who will find her greatest
happiness in social life and sports. He will go into
a bank to get a check cashed and in the teller's cage
he will find the shifty, three-cornered eye, and the
too facile fingers of the natural thief. He stops
to chat with the new business partner that his friend
has just taken, and finds that partner shrewd and
cold and selfish, where his friend is warm-hearted
and trustful, and knows only too well what will be




98     CHARACTER ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIED
the outcome of the combination. He hears a sermon and sees with horror the sensual mouth which
utters the word of God; he walks into the City Hall
and finds officials who are blood brothers to the
men in the State penitentiary.
These things will be known. The time is coming when it will be impossible for the person seeking
a position of trust to escape the careful scrutiny of
the character analyst, who is hired for the single
purpose of determining the character of applicants.
The time is coming when the adolescent will be
studied carefully by the character analyst, and when
his studies, recreation and home life will be regulated by the findings as to his character thus revealed. That time is not here yet, but it is nearer
than many would think, who have not given thought
and attention to the wave which is sweeping the
world, the wave of character study.
Ghandi, the Hindu philosopher and sage who is
also a practical business man, and one of the greatest powers of the modern world, has just said:
"Machines and buildings, the stars in their
courses, clothes and food, the arts and sciences, are
all but the servants of human character. Let us
consider character first and all things will behave
like good servants."


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