Phrenological Bepcription
AS INDICATED BY THE
DEVELOPMENTS OF BODY AND BRAIN
GIVEN BY
0. I-I. ]BUTI.OV  S,
~~           ~.....................................
ARRANGED AND PUBLISHED BY
C. H. B URRO WS, Practical Phrenologist,
ATLANTA, ILLINOIS.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1870, by C. H. BUitRows, in the office of
the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
HERALD PRINT, LINCOLN, ILL.
1870.




The Scale used to mark the size of the different organs upon, is from 1
to 7-1 denoting very small; 2 small: 3 moderate; 4 average, or mediocrity; 6 full, or good; 6 large, or excellent; 7 very large, or extreme.
This ^ over a figure means that it is too small.  This  under a figure
means that it is too large. This + one-fourth more; this - one-fourth less.
A Dash in front of a verse shows the one that describes your character.
An organ marked as low as 1 or 2 has scarcely any influence in character, and denotes indifference, imbecility or idiocy. All extremes are unfavorable, and 7 being the other extreme of the scale is also an unfavorable
development, and is liable to crowd its possessor into extremes of action,
and never to be desired, and only to be tolerated when it acts as an antagonist to some other extreme organ. As very large or very small heads
are rarely found, so is it with very large or very small organs. They are
the rare exceptions and are seldom found except in extraordinary cases.




HREENOLOGY.
THE BUSINESS of the Phrenologist in examining a person
phxenologically, is to determine as near as possible the size of
the different organs of the body and brain, their activity, toughness and power; these' form the basis for his conclusions, and,
are produced and modified by the parentage, school education,
and every day surroundings of the person examined. The habits of every day life, such as eating, drinking, chewing, smoking,
exercise and bathing, have much to do in unnaturally exciting
some organs and crowding them  into unnatural actions, or in
preventing the development of the natural character of other organs. (Thus, a naturally good man may, by the use of drink,
pervert his nature and destroy his usefulness, without diminishing or increasing the size of many of his organs-they use their
original power in operating upon wrong things. Thus, Combativeness and Destructiveness were made to work, study, execute
business; but, by wrong habits, may swear, scold, fret, murder,
teaze, and do many other kinds of devilment, for want of something else to do. So a large intellect may run to waste for the
want of a little steam power in the shape of book or business ed
ucation to start it right. There is water enough in our river
and rivulets running to waste to turn thousands of mill wheels,
but it needs capital and energy to put the mills there. Thus
Nature is one undivided whole that works in harmony when all
its parts are properly prepared and placed in their appropriate
positions, but this is the work of ages upon ages of humanity.
/ The development of the human character is the work of a life
time, and the business of the Phrenologist is to point out to the
one examined how to direct what energy and talent he possesses




4                        PHRENOLOGY.
so as to bring the different parts of his nature into the best possible proportions. /STNone are perfect, though many are already
training themselves to good advantage while others can be assisted by the advice of the Phrenologist, and all may be benefitted, either in being assured that they are doing about right, or in
advice how to do right, that they may make the most of themselves, and thus secure a greater amount of happiness than they
would otherwise have done. Now, as no printed chart can ever
be made so as to express every condition belonging to different
persons, nothing but a written character can enter into all the
minutiae of conditions and advice, cultivation and restraint.  But
for all practical purposes, this chart, with a verbal description of
the more important points of advice noted down briefly, is as
good as a written description for most of people, while the price
being so much less than written descriptions can be afforded for,
brings it within the reach of all that wish and need an examination, while many that need it most cannot afford to pay for a
written chart.  This chart, though different from any other, isI
easily understood, comprehensive, and with the written notes,
comes right to the point and gives the information desired.  As
the size of an organ does not alone determine how much power it
has, it is impossible to express its influence upon character at all
times by merely marking its size-its power must be expressed
in writing. For instance: Combativeness may be marked large,
which then, in and of itself, would give great energy and force of
character;  but it may be overruled by a slow temperament or
extreme caution, and in actual life not show more than a moderate or average share of energy. So with all other organs, each
one as an individual, working in a. community where all are governed by the vote of the majority, or all are governed by the will
of the.tyrant or nabob.  Consequently the real power of each
organ will depend more upon the education, quality of the brain
and body, correct habits, &c., than upon size; but all Phrenologists aim to give the relative size of the organs as near as possible, so as to be as near in harmony with each other as any set of
skillful men would harmonize in any profession.  It is often difficult to express in the common charts just what you would wish
to.  With some organs their size would give more power than
they deserve; to others less than they show  in actual life.
Thus:
For a man to show an adaptability to given kinds of business
requires the co-operation of certain organs, often existing in different parts of the brain.  These organs must likewise be backed
up by the requisite temperaments.  No leading organ can act
alone; it either acts with the others, or against them. If with
them, its own power is enhanced; if in opposition to them, its
power is diminished.  A person may have several leading facul



PHRENOLOGY.                        5
ties acting mostly in opposition to each other, and while either
class, assisted by the minor organs, would accomplish much,
and even make the person eminent and useful, the opposition of
these forces, each trying to assert its supremacy, may use up the
vital and mental forces without accomplishing enough to benefit
the individual or the world; but may derange and injure both.
Neither can one strong and predominating faculty always compel
a majority of the others to do its bidding; consequently a man
cannot always be a good reasoner because he has large reflective
organs; neither will he always be honest because he has large
Conscientiousness; nor a good physical worker because Combativeness and Destructiveness are large. He may be all of these,
or he may not be; this is for the Phrenologist to determine.
To determine all these things will require greater skill and
more carefulness than is required in giving any other chart, except a written one: but the care necessary to give one of these
charts correctly, will tend to increase the skill of the examiner,
as he will have to study  each applicant thoroughly before
he expresses his opinion, as he cannot simply express the size of
theorgans and leave the balance for the chart to express; for
the power of an organ may be fully equal to its size, or may fall
far short of it.
Phrenology points out the natural talents and dispositions, and
intellectual and physical capabilities of children, for they are
generally unbiased and unprejudiced, and consequently act out
their natural feelings. It therefore tells every parent how to govern, control and improve his child, and must ultimately be received by all for the proper development of humanity.
When the science is applied to adults, the chart will be modified to some extent by the education, habits and surrounding
circumstances and influences brought to bear upon the individual described; but in nine cases out of ten, given by a skillful
Phrenologist, will be sufficiently accurate to determine with precision, the character and kindoftalents possessed, and point out
the means of improvement, thereby being a satisfaction and benefit to each applicaRt, if he obeys the instructions. The correctness of a chart will depend much on the experience and talents
of the examiner.  A Phrenologist should have large Locality,
Individuality, Comparison, Size and Caution, as leading organs;
then, with the other organs and temperaments well balanced, he
will strike the mark closely. As he varies from these conditions,
so will his chart vary from such Phrenologists.
The first thing essential for goodness or greatness in any person, is a good combination of temperaments, which shows good
parentage; the second is a well balanced head; the third is ease
of action; the fourth, strength of system, giving harmonious action of all the faculties, that no power may be used up or lost in




6                       PHRENOLOGY.
false motions. Goodness may exist without even approaching
greatness; greatness, however, cannot exist without goodness.
Greatness will depend on the conditions already mentioned, and
the size of the head as well as cultivation. A man may be naturally intellectual without being intelligent; as intellecuality is
natural, while intelligence is acquired by the action of the intellect.
The head measured around the center of the forehead and passing just above the ears, and measuring from 16 to 18 inches,
will be very small; 18 to 19 inches, small; and from the opening
of the ear, passing up over the fore part of firmness, to the opening of the other ear, measuring 10 to 11 inches, very small; 11
to 12 inches, small; and such adult person, if a male, will be idiotic.
M]oderate.-20 by 124 inches will be moderate size, and if all
the conditions are good, will have a fair share of common sense,
but none to spare.
Average.-214 by 131 inches will be average size, and with
good conditions will pass through the world well, but never be
great, but may be good.
Full.-22 by 14 inches will give a full size brain, and with good
conditions will be a person of power, intelligence and business
tact. If the conditions are very excellent, he will raise to eminence.
_Large.-23 by 14` inches, will give a large brain, and with good
conditions and large intellect, will be eminent. With superior
conditions will become very eminent.
Very ]Large.-24 by 15- inches, will give a very large brain,
and with poor conditions will be idiotic, or only have common
sense. With fair conditions, do a common every day business;
with advantages good will be great on great occasions; with superior conditions will be a decidedly great man, and a leader of
the world of mankind around him.
The Phrenologist, in measuring the head, should remember that
these measurements are not always found together; he should
therefore strike the balance thus: 22 inches by 14=5; 22 inches
by 14-=54; 23 inches by 14-=5 -; 22 inches by 15~=-6; 22 inches
by 13-=4-. When the bones are extremely large or small, the
hair very thick or thin, a due allowance should be made. The
same measurement on a lady's head will give the brain one size
larger than a man's, thus: 21~ inches by 13= 5; 224 by 14=6;
234 by 15=7, &c. The-fourth of an inch over these measurements
considered the same.
The brain depends upon the body for nourishment, and the
Body depends upon the brain for its feelings, perceptions, and
octions, and in health the action and reaction are always equal;
tt when the forces and powers of either are unduly disturbed,




PHRENOLOGY.                        7
by over-eating, excitement, continued thought, too hard labor,
&c., the equilibrium is disturbed, and the organs thrown out of
tune, and mental disease or physical sickness is the result; and
a person's generally manifested character will be more or less
warped, according as these natural functions are interrupted.
Owing to these facts, the character and talents of men depein
as much upon the construction of the body as upon the develo
jent of the head.) There are many persons with proper shape
heads, who are ofly mediocres, because the bodily organizatior
and habits keep back the manifestations of the brain. For in
stance, the body may be coarsely organized, or it may lack firm
ness and consistency; then the brain will be of poor quality, ap
its manifestations coarse and feeble. If the muscles are firm and
solid, the brain is compact and good quality for action, and will
last long and grow better by use; but if the muscles are soft and
flabby, the brain lacks strength, snap, spring, elasticity and ease,
and the mind will be imbecile; and we cannot expect them to show
greatness, no matter what may be the shape or development of
the head, unless it is driven to its highest pitch. As there is so
much, then, depending upon the body, it is well to study it thoroughly; and for the purpose of better understanding its influence,
it may be divided into four parts called temperaments.
All men have the four temperaments, and cannot live without
their constant action; but as they are, like the organs of the head,
differently developed, according to the size of the organs that constitute each, they give an appearance to the body of each person
different from that of any other person; and although the hair
and eyes may be of the same color, their temperaments may be
different. Again, the hair and eyes may be of a different color,
and the temperaments may be alike, as each depends upon the
size of its own organs, and not the color or the appendages of the
body, the twinkle of the eye, curl of the lip, or turn of the nose.
These temperaments take their names from the organs that
constitute them. For instance: the Abdominal Vital, comprising the digestive organs-stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, &c.
Thoracic Vital, being constituted of the lungs, heart, arteries
and veins. These manufacture steam, and send it on to the brain
and nervous system, which constitutes the third temperament,
called Mental, because it shows the development of the organs
that the mind uses in controlling the body. The fourth temperament comprises the bones and muscles-the frame-work of the
body-the foundation of the being, and gives solidity and toughness according to its development. For these to act in harmony
with each other, all the physical laws of eating, drinking, sleeping, and exercise, should be carried out, and may be summed up
in a few words, "temperance in all things"-eat, to strengthen
the body; exercise, to harden it; study, to refine and give it
ease.




8                       PHRENOLOGY.
(No. 1.)
No. 1 represents ABDOMINAL VITAL in excess, disposing to
sluggishness, stupidity and laziness.




PHRENOLOGY.'
(No. 2.)
No. 2 represents the THORACic VITAL large, and inclined to
out-door exercise, fondness of sportive play, and great desire to
be with the people.
No. 3 represents a subject in whom both these temperaments
were deficient, and consequently he could manufacture but little
life, as these are the life-giving temperaments.
No. 4 represents the MENTAL temperament in excess; predisposing to eccentricity-darting off at a tangent, lightning-like,
and using up vitality faster than it can be manufactured, and
tending to brain diseases, nervousness, excitability and insanity.
2




0                     -PHRENOLOGY&:.
~ —~                   ~  x'  ~e-i i ~~
No. 4  VOLTAIRE.
No. 5.-IDIOTIC HEAD. Mental Temperament small.




PHRENOLOGY,                       11
A,.
NO. 6.-ALEX. CAMPBELL.            No. 7.-MRS. JUDSON.
No. 6 —MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT large, solid, firm, tough and
unyielding in body and mind.
No. 7. represents the MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT retiring, and less
than the others, and consequently lacks force and power but
makes it up, partially, in quickness, ease and gracefulness.
No. 8.  1. TYNG.
No. 8 a finely balanced temperament, with MENTAL predonminating,,giving literary tastes, and desires for sedentary pursuits.




1 2                      PHRiENOLO GY.
No. 9.-W. C. BRYANT.-A good temperament and head for
lpoetry, literature, nieeness and power.
pher, and practical man.




PHRENOLOGY.                       13
No. 1, a Temperament of power and ease, with tendency to
long life, with the head of a philosopher and sage.
No. 12.-WASHINGTON.
No. 12. Evenly balanced-good in everything. Such a Temperament, however, needs controlling influences to start him, to
make him great.
No. 13. A  well balanced male head-Perceptive Intellect
predominating.
No. 14. Cut of a wellbalanced female head-all organs about
equally developed.
A line drawn from the opening of one ear over the head to the
other ear, divides it into two parts, selfish, and intellectual and
refined. A line drawn fror; the corner of the eyebrow up between -Human Nature and Benevolence, determines the amount
of intellect, while the shape of the forehead determines the kind.
If; as a whole, there is more brain forward of the line drawn
from the opening of the ear over the fore part of Firmness than
there is back of it, there is a tendency to usefulness, if properly
directed and trained. If the line from the outer angle of the
eyebrow cuts off a large share of brain, there is much native talent.




14                    PHRENOLOGY.
FATHER OBERLIN.
(No. 1 3.)
(No. 14.




PHRENOLOGY.                      1 
TYNDALE.
No. 15. —Cut of a Philosophical Head.
EMPEROR NERO.
No. 16.-Cut of a Poorly Balanced Head.




t186 g            ~PRJNOLOGY.
No. 16. This head having more brain back and around the
ears than forward, tends to low and selfish pursuits, and will take
advantage whenever it can do so; as the line from the eyebrows
cuts off comparatively but little brain. He is therefore deficient
in strength of mind, and will have a low; base, and narrow contracted mind, and will use it to poor or bad purposes, and should
be carefully watched by the knowing and shunned by the unsuspecting, for misery will follow in his footsteps, and an unhappy
end will be his.
No. 17.-Cut of a Moral Head.
No. 17. A line drawn from Causality back through Caution,
and passing around the head, will divide it into moral and animal development. If there is much brain above the line, or if
the head is high above the ears, and rounded up well on top,
there are strong indications of goodness and honesty.




PHRENOLOGY.                        17
No. 18.-GOTTFRIED.-Murderess.-Coarse Temperament, low
organization, deficient in benevolence and moral power, excessively developed in the social organs.
No. 19. Good Temperament, but is lacking in social power
and friendly feeling, and is a hermit, even when surrounded by
society.
~.3




18                     PHRENOLOGY.
No. 20. ELIHu BURRITT..
No. 20. A Temperament of more strength and solidity than
ease or quickness; a practical, mechanical and observing head,
adapted to science and languages.
In order to improve an organ, draw the blood to it daily, by
doing such things as the natural function would indicate. For
instance, if Combativeness is deficient set your mark for some object to be gained, and have some regular daily work; if Self
Esteem is too small take more responsibility upon yourself, and
struggle on upwards; do the best you can and let the people say
what theyplease; if Amativeness is too smallgo in the company
of ladies more, make something of them, adapt yourself to them
so as to gain their confidence. If you are single go, and keep
going, in the company of both sexes, so as to stir up a desire to
appear as kind and loving as any one.




PHRENOLOGY.                         19
If you are married and are too cold in your love feelings make
more of your partner daily; go out in company more, and laugh
and talk with others as well as your own partner.
If your memory is poor read some every day, and at convenient opportunities talk about what you have heard and read. If
you are lacking observation take more pains to go around and see
new things, and so on, all through.  If you care but little for
fun and talk go with the jovial and laugh and talk more. If an
organ is too large stop its hankering by supplying it with a fair
portion, and draw the blood to some other part.  Don't fool
away your time and nature by strong drink, or in using tobacco,
or in mere animal enjoyment, or in following all the foolish fashions of the world.
Occasionally there are powers manifested by persons that cannot be explained by the developments or education of the persons, such, for instance, as reckoning and combining figures with
great readiness, without having large organs, or even being able
to always tell or explain to others how you co it; or again, feeling a particular repugnance to some things, and not be able to
tell why.  These things are psychological impressions or Mental
Macrks, that cannot always be told by the Phrenologist.  To best
improve yourself, get his advice and putit with what you yourself know, and then drive on and yoti will reap your reward.
Size of Head in inches.
Size of Brain.
A SMALL brain is always idiotic. A moderate sized brain shows some
glimmerings of sense and judgment, but too little to amount to anything in
public life. An average brain may do ordinary business well, and may be
quick and sharp, and a good help for some stronger mind. A full sized
brain may have much power, and conduct a business upon its own responsibility. A large brain may be very powerful, and a leader among mankind. A very large brain may be extremely powerful, or have just a medium mind, or may be very stupid and a so-so character. All these are for
the Phrenologist to determine in summing up the character.
Brain rather dull in its perceptions.
Brain fair quality.
Brain good quality.
Brain solid and compact.
Brain fine grained and tough, like steel.
Brain fine and sharp.
Brain of first rate quality.
Brain too excitable; liable to some excesses.
Activity. This denotes easiness of motion, either of the brain or body,
and persons are quick or slow in proportion to its size. Many persons
work fast when thoroughly excited and roused up, that are not usaully




20                        PHRENOLOGY.
quick or easy in their motions. So may heavy machinery move like lightning under the pressure of heavy steam power; so may heavy, clumsy horses, or oxen, run with great speed when severely frightened; but all these
actions are from outside pressure, and not what naturally belongs to the
subjects..
Is rather too slow.
Will need considerable excitement to rouse him up.
Will be quick enough for all ordinary business.
Will think and act easily.
Ordinarily neither slow nor quick, but if much  excited can
move fast.
Will be sharp, quick, and off-hand.
You are easy in all of your motions; will think quick and act
easily.
You are too excitable; go too fast, and can't wait for the hum-.
drum world around you.
TEMPERAMENTS.
Abdominal Vital. Stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and intestines. These are to the human system what the boiler is to the engine,
the cooking stove to the kitchen. They do up the work of digestion in
proportion to their size and strength. If large and strong, they will crave
and use much, and prepare abundance of nourishment to sustain the body
and repair the waste of the system, and thus make persons naturally healthy, if they are properly used.
Thoracic Vital. Heart, lungs, arteries, veins and capillaries. These
are to the human being what the steam cylinder is to the engine; they re,
ceive and distribute blood throughout the entire body, thus giving motion
to the wheels of life. Their power is in proportion to their size and toughness.
Will not be likely to live to adult age.
Will have barely vitality enough to live without. much study
or work.
By carefulness may enjoy a fair degree of health, but will not
be robust.
Will have enough of vitality for ordinary purposes.
Will manufacture much life, and will have strength, power,
and ability to live healthy, if you live rightly.
Has an abundance of lung and heart power, and will be marked
for long life, and can endure much fatigue and hardship.
Will have great desire for out-door air, and will hate confinement.
Will diaw too much of the vital forces to the digestive organs,
and will make the brain stupid and the body sluggish, unless you
engage in active business.
Motive Temnperament. Bones, muscles and ligaments. These are
the frame-work and levers of the human building. They give form, solidi



PHRENOLOGY.                            21
ty, endurance, toughness and power. Where the muscles are solid and firm
the brain is of good consistency, and the reverse is the case where the flesh
is soft and flabby, although there may be an abundance of it. A small,
withy, wiry man may be more powerful than a large, flabby one. Some
men are iron, some are steel, some are pine, some. bass-wood, and relatively
are of about the same endurance. Bass-wood and pine will last for ages, if
kept in a dry place and taken good care of. Iron and steel will last for
ages, through all circumstances of rough'handling; they wear out slowly.
This temperament then, is what gives foundation, and power to resist wear
and tear, but, like all of the others, it must be judged of not simply by size,
but by firmness and consistency, as well as size.
Too slightly formed to amount to much.
Can endure but little hardship.
Better for some light, active pursuit than for anything laborious.
Will do very well where the business is regular, and not very
heavy or too long continued.
Your bodily powers are well balanced, and if you do not waste
your strength by.improper living, you can endure much work or
study.
You have a good, solid, strong body.
You have a fine grained and elastic organization, that, like
steel, may bend double, but is not easily broken.
You have a tough, wiry, withy organization, that can be worn
threadbare, and yet live.
An iron constitution, that can  endure almost any amount of
hardship, either physical or mental, according to cultivation.
Mental Temperament.  Brain and nervous system. This is the
highest temperament of all, and more pre-eminently distinguishes man
from the lower animals, as it gives him a finer organization and superior
powers of thought, as this is the thinking and feeling temperament. The
soul thinks by using the brain, while the nerves convey motion and sensation. Their power will be in proportion to their size and quality, which
will be determined by the other temperaments. The brain and nerves of
some persons are very coarse. The head may be large, but the grain of
the brain may be very coarse, like coarse grained fruit, consequently there
is less real substance in it than there is in finer grained brains. in proportion to the size. The temperaments give the key to the man's character,
and far more mistakes are made in judging of their influence than are made
in marking the size of the organs of the head. Heads may be of good shape
but amount to nothing, because the temperaments are either naturally poor,
or renderedso by wrong habits of idleness, of eating, drinking, smoking,
chewing, and the exercise of animal and sensual desires.
Too little mind to amount to much, except in the animal enjoyments.
You are better calculated for physical pursuits than  mental
labor.
You are better for business relations than to confine yourself
to scientific or philosophical studies.
You can engage in-both mental and physical pursuits, and enjoy each highly.




22                        PHRENOLOGY.
You are more naturally adapted to mental labor than hard,
muscular work.
Your brain and nervous system will bear a long continued,
heavy strain before it will yield.
Your mental powers are well balanced, and you can bring all,
or a part, into exercise when circumstances require it.
You have more than an ordinary amount of intellectual force.
As far as you observe or comprehend your judgment is good.
Your intellectual forces are not balanced-you need more
You have a strong, powerful mind; but you need excitement
to bring it out fully.
Vital Force. This expresses the power by which the soul takes hold
of the body, and uses it to accomplish its ends; the figures will express its
power. When large it controls every organ thoroughly, resists all opposing forces, wards off death, never yields to surrounding circumstances till
literally overwhelmed, gives to the constitution a withy, wiry, elastic nature, a toughness and power of endurance that knows of no such word as
fail. Such persons will wear threadbare before they give up to death.
They can eat more, work more, go without sleep, and endure more than
general observers would suppose it possible for them to do. When deficient it may be cultivated by proper eating, bathing, exercise and thought.
Children should be trained to do all that will develop the "Vital Force,"
for upon it, in a great measure, depends the life and happiness of the individual.
1. Vitativeness.  Love of life and a desire to resist disease and death.
It receives its power mostly from the "Vital Force," and when the Vital
Force and Vitativeness are both large, such people will never die till life is
wrenched from them, and the last drop of blood is used up in battling for
life. It is large in the cat, panther, bear and wolf.
Resists disease and death feebly.''Cares but little which way the scale of life turns, up or down.
Is much attached to life, and will not yield to disease until the
life forces give out.
Will resist the waves of disease strongly for awhile, but will
give up to extra pressure.
~ Takes hold of life as though he was in earnest; beats back the
waves of disease with a strong will, and does not give up until
compelled to.
Never yields till life is wrenched from him.
2. Alitnentiveness. Appetite-desire for something to eat and drink.
This is a blind organ; it is the most active of any of the organs in the young
child, and is developed before reason or judgment has anything to do with
the child's mind, and is therefore trained and guided entirely by surrounding circumstances and the knowledge of others, and ninety-nine in one
hundred are perverted in early life, so there is scarcely one person in one
hundred whose appetite is any guide to the best kind of food and drink for
the body; it chews, smokes, craunches fruit, nuts, candies, and other eata



PHRENOLOGY.                           23
bles, at all times and places, without reference to health, need or nourishment. Nothing but a scientific knowledge of the laws of life and the wants
of the system, will ever relieve persons from the great misery inflicted upon
them by the wrong use of this organ. When used properly it carries life
and health with it; when perverted misery follows in its train; and it is
perverted to a greater extent than any other organ.
Enjoys food well, and eats with fair relish, when ordinarily
healthy.
Does not digest enough to sustain the system. Should drink
but little at meal time, and eat all that he can well digest, and
use no stimulants-tea, coffee, tobacco, liquor, pepper or spices,
and but little salt and vinegar.
Eats a fair quantity and digests it well.
Is decidedly a good eater.
Sets a great deal by the enjoyments of the appetite.
You are liable to indulge the appetite too freely.
3. Amativeness. Love of the opposite sex. It makes the boy love
and confide in his mother, more than his father. The girl loves and caresses her father more than her mother. It produces all of that politeness and
those little attentions that we see manifested by one sex toward the opposite, rather than towards their own; it finally draws, cements and holds
two congenial souls together as lovers, husbands and wives. It is a great
energizing faculty; it gives strength, power, long life, and nobleness to the
individual, if properly trained. If abused it produces more misery than
any other organ; and, like Alimentiveness, is abused in the great mass of
people. Its abuse and too free use often degenerates the person down into
a cold, selfish person, or into a coarse libertine and tyrant.
Is respectful in the society of the other sex, yet has but little
warmth of love.
Will have a desire to be in the company of the opposite sex
considerable; but will not be expressive in your love.
You will be more platonic than ardent.in your love.
Your love for the opposite sex will be shown more by kind acts
than words.
You should be more ardent, and caress and make more of
those you love.
You are inclined to show your love out plainly, and wish for
warm love and tender caresses in return.
You are unhappy unless often in the company of the opposite
sex.
You may love deeply, but will not show it out freely.
Your love is more sensual than refined.
4. Philoprogenitiveness.  Love of children or pet animals. To
show its full strength it wants to be where children or pets are almost
daily, and have something to do in taking care ofthem. It loves dogs, cats,
horses, stock, doll babies, canary birds, toys of imitation men, beasts, birds,
fish, &c., &c.
Loves children that are large enough to show friendship, and
talk and play, but cares but little for small babies.




24                        PHRENOLOGY.
Will take the part of children rather than see them abused, but
has no deep love for them.
You will love your own children because they are yours rather
"than because they are children.
You will love children as little friends, and as a teacher or
man in business will gain their friendship and good will.
You will love children or pets strongly because of their tenderness.
The love of childhood takes too deep a hold of your feelings;
and if you lose one by death you will mourn over its loss too
deeply.
5. Adhesiveness. Love of brothers, sisters and friends, and general
society; love of visiting and enjoying the society of friends, not merely to
pass away time, but for the pleasure that fills the soul when in such comn
pany, Many people go into society from fashion and to kill time, and yet
have but little love or friendship for their relatives or neighbors, except
here and there one; others live almost exclusively in business, and show
no friendship to the "people" except what money buys.
Is a hermit even in the midst of society.
Mingles in society,, not for social happiness, but may for business.
Loves general society, but has too little real friendship.
Is too cold hearted and indifferent toward the mass of the
people-goes visiting but little and will not show much warmhe.artedness.
Will pick out a few friends here and there and love them dearly: Should extend your acquaintanceship every year, and gather: new friends continually.
You would ehjoy being friends with the people, but you are
too retiring to get acquainted easily.
You are willing to do all for your friends that your judgment
dictates, but you are not willing to sacrifice yourself and be
guided by their influence.
You enjoy general society for the time being quite highly.
You are warm  and affectionate in your nature to those you
love.
You are outwardly sociable and easy to get acquainted with.
You mourn too much over the loss of dear friends.
6. Inhabitiveness.  Love of a place to call home; a vine and a fig
tree of our own, where we can drink in the glories of the rising sun, and
inhale the beauties of his evening departure, and feel secure in the possession of a spot of earth that, next to God, we hold its title-a love and
hankering for'the scenes of our childhood, the bright spot on memory's
page.
Stays in one place as well as another, so his stronger passions
are satisfied.




PHRENOLOGY.                            25
Likes a place to call home for temporary convenience, but
c,,ares very little what part of the country it is in.
Loves home well, but can leave it if business requires.
Is attached to native place; feels content only at home unless
full of business and surrounded by good company; may change
his location readily when business presents a stronger attachment than the quietness of home.
Dwells- with fond delight on the scenes of childhood-is unhappy without a home, and with fine nature takes delight in adorning and beautifying it.
Extremely  unhappy away from  home, especially at nightpants and longs for his own fireside.
7. Continuity.. Concentrating the mind upon one thing at a time and
finishing it before turning to another. From 4 to 5 is large enough; larger
than that generally makes them tedious. Smaller than 3% makes them too
fond of "change."
Is always changing.
Lacks power to keep his mind long enough on one thing to finish it.
If deficient in the power of concentrated thotght and action.
Can continue on one thing long enough to understand it well
if deeply interested.
Finishes up as. he goes along.
Changes with reluctance.
Is very prolix, hangs on to a subject till he wears it threadbare,
and is provoked if others will not listen.  A  few  things fills up
his whole life.
S. Comnbativeness. This organ is to man what the engineer is to the
engine; it starts the whole machinery; is the great drive wheel of the systenm; it gives snap, vigor, go-aheaditiveness, and brings out to view what
talent, judgment, or power the person has; it is really the great main spring
of the brain. In its perversion it swears, scolds, blows, brags and fusses,.minnd without accomplishing much. When less than 5 it gives tameness
and ineiffiency to the character, that needs a boss to start it and keep it
going.
9. Destrauctiveness.  This is the real working or executive organ;
it does whatever intellect and Combativeness tell it to do. It fells the heavy
tree in the forest; breaks up the fallow land, shoves the plane, builds thle
railroad, plows the mighty deep, and searches continents in quest of plunder
or renown. In its perversion it teases, tortures, kills and destroys whatever
is in its way. Its deficiency gives tameness and laziness, or inefficiency.
Is rather tame and inefficient, yet if aroused will do well for
awhile.
Will work tolerably well if he gets good pay.
Is a good, thorough every day worker.
Is desirous of having something to do, and is generally engaged
in some kind of business if his wants require it.
4




26                         PHRENOLOGY.
Lacks starting power; needs encouragement.
Has a willingness to work, but needs something to rouse him
up and set him going.
He is a good worker when he has plenty to do so as to keep.
interested.
Hates to see things drag along; wants them  to get up and
move on.
Is restless, uneasy, and must always be doing something.
Takes hold of business as though he was in earnest, and drives
everything he takes hold of.
Is ordinarily good natured, but if provoked to anger is sharp
and severe.
When excited is deeply revengeful, cruel, snappish; takes
great delight in torturing his enemies, either man or animals, and
is not safe with either.
You are somewhat passionate and easily angered.
You are spunky, but not cruel or malicious.
You have great courage to stand up to what you think is right
under the circumstances.
10. Cautiousness.  Power to hold in check and guide all the other
faculties. It is the check-rein to the steed; it is disposed, as far as its power
goes, to carefully look on both sides of the subject before moving; feels its
way along the shoals and reefs of life or business; it is as necessary to the
rogue as to the honest man, as far as his business is concerned. Many of
the wicked and, what the world calls, devilish and reckless men, have large
caution, and are always sure to win for the time being. It knows nothing
about honesty, religion, intelligence or business, as such. it simply guides
the speed with which we start and continue our actions. If deficient we
move the "columns" too quick and fail. If too large, all things considered,
we wait too long, and hesitate between hawk and buzzard till both have
flown. When perverted it borrows trouble, imagines a thousand things
that don't exist, putting themselves and all around them in misery.
RaLsh, imprudent; takes but little thought of consequences,
Gives a rapid glance at both sides of the question to see which
way the land lies, and then acts without much deliberation.
Is disposed to be prudent and careful.  c
Considers well the consequences of his actions, and is generally
safe in all his undertakings.
Hesitates too long for his own good.
Looks upon the dark side too much, and is inclined to be doubtful of success.
Is timid, fearful; imagining many troubles that do not exist.
Is continually borrowing, trouble; jealous of his own rights;
lives in constant dread of some impending danger.
11. Acquisitiveness. A desire to have something to call mine; it
may be books, lands, horses, cattle, money, &c. Many want money simply
to spend for other things, for the purpose of convenience or show, or to satisfy the appetites; a good development of it is necessary for a successful




PHRENOLOGY.                           27
business man. Want of proper training produces a spendthrift disposition;
perversion of the organ produces theiving, craftiness, stinginess, an overreaching disposition to get money and property by any means, to evade
the law, or to run the risk, law or no law.
Likes money as a means, but cares too little about it to be economical.
Loves to make money for the purpose of using rather than saving it.
Yoll seemto have greater ability ofmakingthan saving money.
-I  economical, whether he has much or little.
HIas strong desires to accumulate property.
Wtillbend his whole energies to making and saving money.
Is penurious, stingy, miserly; and will stint himself and family
of the conveniences of life to save money.
12. Secretiveness. Desire and power to keep our own affairs to ourselves, thus putting it beyond the power of others to injure us by proclaiming our intentions too soon. It gives policy, carefulness and correctness,
when properly developed and trained. When deficient tells all, and makes
themselves thebutt of ridicule. When perverted gives shyness, cunning,
thieving, artfulness, deception, lying, craftiness and a snake in the grass, according to the degree of perversion.
Is very confiding, and is easily induced to tell all he knows.
Can keep to himself what he thinks is absolutely necessary to
be kept.
Can keep a secret better for others than for yourself.
You are plain and blunt in your expressions.
Is rather reserved; tells but little of his own affairs unless to
intimate friends.
Is politic and shrewd; keeps his own counsels well.
Seldom  discloses his opinions until fairly matured, and then
with much reserve.
Is suspicious of others, and watches everybody closely; gives
evasive answers; often says what cannot be well understood.
Is tricky and deceitful.
You will turn every corner, roll every stone, pull every wire,
and log-roll in every possible manner to accomplish your object.
Your outward appearance is all smoth and affable, your intentions not so easily understood; there is too much "make believe."
If strongly tempted you would lie or cheat, and perhaps steal,
if you were not afraid of the law.
13. Conscientiousness. A desire to do right. This organ does not
tell what is right; that depends upon the intellect and circumstances. We
do right under the circumstances in which we are placed when we do
that which is best for the greatest number concerned; what is right for
man to do in one age may not be right in another age under different circumstl aces. When we act up to the highest sense of justice that we know
at the time, we may be considered honest; but another man's opinion ol




28                         PHRENOLOGY.
honesty does not always answer for ours. There are great principles of
right and justice that all people will agree upon, but life and character are
made up of many little things that are not so easily determined by all; thus
we cannot always conclude that a person is dishonest because he does not
do as we would-he observes things from a different standpoint, and in
small matters his own opinions must be his own guide; but when he does
things that common experience shows to work injuriously to those concerned, he is dishonest. Many commit dishonest acts through coaxing,..
being magnetized and controlled by others; such are not so much to be
blamed as to be pitied.
Knows no right but law and necessity, and is not troubled with
conscientious scruples.
Will exaggerate for the purpose of deceiving, and promise that
which he cannot fulfill.
Wishes to do right, hut is feeble in resisting temptation.
You act according to the laws of trade.
The law is the measure of your honesty.
You are disposed to act honorably with your fellow man, but
may at times adopt the rule of expediency where self can be benefitted.
You have strong regards for others' rights, and nothing but
over temptation will make you disregard them.
Is honest and faithful in his intentions, and can be depended
upon where integrity and justice are demanded.
Feels remorse when not guilty, and suffers from  the upbraidings of a too sensitive conscience, and gets but little peace; imagines many things wrong that are right.
14. Self Esteem. A feeling of manhood and independence; a love of
ourselves and satisfaction with our own natures; a feeling that we are as
good as anybody. It gives us a confidence in our own ability that is necessary to the success of any person that has to depend on their own energies;
but few persons have enough, and that is not often trained properly.
When deficient its possessors are but automatons-they do as others do,
wait till others go, think as others think, move as they are moved upon,
shrink from all responsibility, are too sensitive, and are but clay in the
potter's hands. When perverted gives pomposity, bombast; a tendency to
override the feelings and positions of others, and make a fool of himself
generally, and fancies what he don't know is not worth knowing.
Lacks self-confidence, shrinks from responsibility, and is usually backward in society.
Respects himself; feels worthy of the confidence of others, but
never crowds himself upon society.
Is fairly independent, but not overbearing.
Is perfectly independent; if others do not like him they can
let him alone.
Assumes responsibilities; leads off; is his own master.
You are too egotistical and self-conceited.
Crowds himself forward into the society of others, and tries to




PHRENOLOGY.                          29
lead off; always wants to be put forward as a leader, and his own
opinions consulted, and tries to be the largest man in the crowd.
Overbearing, haughty; cares but little for others; tramples
upon the rights of opponents with scorn, and sets himself up as
superior to others.
15. Approbativeness.  Love of the good will of others, desires to
be well thought of; a wish to gain the approbation of our friends or the
world; a willingness to sacrifice our own opinions, for the time being, to
procure the good will and harmony of others. It is necessary to modesty
and refinement, and when kept within its proper bounds makes a person
genteel and beloved by the world. When deficient its possessors care nothing for the opinions or feelings of others —are rude, disagreeable, and an
eye sore to everybody. If too large and perverted it gives haughtiness, vanity, self-conceit, and wants to be the observed of all observers-wants to gain
all of the attention, be continually praised, petted and flattered or they are
miserable, panting for something, they don't know what; are always fearful
they will do something to displease, and are usually trying to be'uppertendom," and generally constitute the one-horse aristocracy of our land.
They are generally as senseless as they are worthless.
Does not often stop to ask what the people will say.
Has respect for the opinions of others, but will not stoop to
please.
Has much desire to please and be popular, but will not sacrifice
his opinions to gratify others.
Is anxious to obtain the good will and praise of his friends.
Has a strong desire to be something and somebody in the world.
Stands back too long, fearing somebody will find fault.
Is very sensitive both to praise and censure.
You seldom dare to move except in the wave of popularity.
A bundle of self-conceit-a toad-stool of fashion.  Will play
toady to others to get them to praise him. Will fish for compliments, and make a fool of himself generally..16. Firmness. Determination to conquer-a fixedness of purpose
that knows no yielding, except as judgment dictates and conscience sanctions-the RIGHT WHEEL HORSE of the mind-the rudder, chain, and cables
of the boat. It holds, guides and controls in proportion to its power, not
always in proportion to its size-this the Phrenologist must determine.
When its power is weak the person is like a ship without a rudder, blown
about by every wind. When too powerful it gives willfulness, obstinacy
and selfishness.
Is fickle minded and maybe bamboozled around by any sharper.
Gives up his own opinions too readily, and can be too easily
persuaded.
Is fairly firm and persevering, but finds it difficult to withstand
strong opposition.
-Is persevering and determined to conquer.
Is very set in his way, and will not change his opinion till
most thoroughly convinced.




30                        PHRENOLOGY.
Is obstinate, never yields a point unless compelled by argument or circumstances.
Is contrary-opposes everything that does not tally exactly
with his opinions; is intolerant, selfish and bigoted, and an eyesore to all around him.
17. Hope. Confidence in the future, and the correct workings of the
laws of God to produce the best results; a desire to make the most of the
surrounding circumstances, and quietly persevere and accomplish whatever we can in our own manner and to the best of our ability; always anticipating success from our efforts. When deficient in power gloom, despondency and downheartedness are the results. When excessive building
air castles; expecting things to come to pass without putting forth the requisite power to bring them about; promising himself and others too much
-sees things double.
Never looks ahead.
Is always downcast and gloomy, has but little hope for the future, expects nothing.
Has some buoyancy, but is easily discouraged.
In time of prosperity is buoyant and hopeful, but if adversity
thickens around him, becomes discouraged and gives up, and is
gloomy and desponding.
Is usually hopeful and anticipates success, but sickness or bad
luck may dampen his feelings.
".Is sanguine in his expectations, yet seldom ever elated.
You are hopeful and cheerful, or desponding and gloomy; according to your health and circumstances.
Always looks forward with happiness and sanguine expectations, and if he loses a bargain, he does not whine over it, but
goes at it again with vigor and earnestness.
You are usually cheerful, and disposed to make the most of the
circumstances around you.
You expect more than you will ever realize.
Is full of bright anticipations, wild fancies, and improbable
things; builds air castles and then tears them  down to build,others.
Too much elated with triflng success, and will live too much
in the expectations of the future, and die of over excitement.
18. Veneration. A faculty that disposes its possessor to respect or
venerate something superiorto itself: menials their masters; children their
parents; older people the worthy, the intelligent, the wise and the aged.
When religiously taught it prays, and worships any thing, from a clay image, carved stone, golden calf, to some unseen intelligence, called Great
Spirit, Jehovah or God, according to the race, intelligence and teaching.
19. Spirituality. A faculty that disposes man to a belief in a continued or future existence in a more refined and spiritual condition than we
have in this world. Along with Veneration, in proportion to its power, it




PHRENOLOGY.                            31
gives zest, warmth, unction to the manifestation of religion. It believes in
angels, devils, spirits, ghosts, hobgoblins, fairies, genii, &c., according to
the person and teaching. The development of these organs never shows
what the teaching has been; and therefore no Phrenologist can tell what
the belief of any person is on spiritual matters. Religious belief is entirely
a matter of education and circumstances. People may be intelligently devout, or ignorantly so.  As in government, so in religion, the masses are
guided by the few. Morality, truthfullness and honesty are jewels that
are found outside of churches, as well as in them.
20. Benevolence. Kindness and sympathy with the needy and afflicted-a desire of shedding happiness around us w herever we go-a wish to
strew flowers by the wayside to give pleasure to the weary traveler. It
makes kind neighbors, good Samaritans and whole-souled people. If deficient we lack all of the above qualities, and are selfish in our own wants
and actions. If too large in its power we are too liberal-give too much
time and money to others; sacrifice ourselves, our families and interest
for other things, because we can't say no when our sympathies are enlisted.
Seldom does a good act for the love of it, but may be brought
to act kindly while no superior attractions are presented.
Is kind in feeling, but does not like to sacrifice much for others' good.' Is willing to give money or time, when he is convinced it is
needed and will be appreciated.
Is kind hearted, accommodating and neighborly.
Has an active benevolence and willingness to do much for others, sacrifices his own convenience often for that of others.
Gives too much time or money to others, does more for friends
thlan they will do for him.
Is too sympathetic, too easily affected at the sight of distress.
Will give away all he has got and render himself and family
destitute.
21. THIS ORGAN is yet without a name expressive of its character. It is
sometimes called Human Nature, sometimes Intuition. Neither name expresses its character. Intuition is the receiving of something without facts
orreasons. Hulman Nature would indicate the power to judge only of human
character. This organ does not tell character, but gives a disposition to
notice the characteristics of both human and animal beings. The perceptive faculties and Comparison judge of character, either animal or luman,
and good judges of cattle, hogs, horses, &c., will be found to have this organ as large as those who are good judges of men.
You often put too much confidence in what others do and say.
You ordinarily judge very well of the general character of those
you meet.
You are seldom deceived in your first impressions of a stranger.
You read character very accurately.
Reads character at a glance, judges of men or animals correctly, according to his business, and perhaps both.




32                        PHRENOLOGY.
22. Agreeablene6s. Affability, pleasantness, power of making ourselves easy in the company of others-a desire to so act as to make others
feel at home in our presence, say and do things politely, and even say disagreeable things, if necessary, pleasantly, so as not to offend, and thereby
gain the good will of those we would benefit. If deficient, we are coarse
and awkward.  If excessive, we praise, flatter, and palaver, and act the
hypocrite and sycophant, and try to gull everybody, but usually make a
fool of ourselves.
Lacks ease and gracefulness.
Is neither awkward nor polite, acts in company without effort,
or -much thought of the matter, and gets along well enough.
C'-an adapt himself to all kinds of company, for the time being.
is always polite and accommodating.
You are rather winning and attractive in your ways.
is inclined to praise and flatter others and palaver over them.
is a fawning, sycophantic hypocrite, and tries to gull everybody.
23, Mirthfulness, Love of mirthful pleasures, enjoyment of anecdotes, jokes, &c., giving a jovial, happy disposition, and a love of giving and
taking jokes, saying witty things, and keeping up a lively time. When deficient, persons are too sober and dull, don't even want others to laugh and
enjoy themselves-have but little real fun-making power. When excessive,
laughs too much, sacrifices too much for fun and pastime pleasure-often
getting into trouble or getting the ill will of others by playing tricks upon
them for fun. There are many that can make others laugh by their drollery
or oddity, and yet have but little wit or power of making real mirthful fun.
Such have a lively temperament, and strong comparison, and a fund of anecdote that will retail out to advantage. Let us all laugh and be merry, it
is good for soul and body.
Makes or cares but little about fun or jokes.
1s: quite fond of fun, and occasionally can make it.
Enjoys a good joke at any time, and likes to see live people.
Lively, buoyant in feeling, jovial, always on hand for a frolic,
when it can be enjoyed without sacrificing business.
Keen perceptions of the ludicrous, turns things easily into ridic1lile, laughs much.
Is witty, quick at turning a joke, and is a merry fellow.
You laugh too much.
24. Constructiveness. Mechanical ability of doing things handily,
and should be well cultivated in all children. It is necessary to the woman
as a housekeeper, dish washer, ironer, sewer, &c. It is necessary for the
farmer, to handle with skill his farming utensils, useful to the merchant in
doing up a bundle of goods, to a lawyer in drawing up his pleas and briefs,
to the physician in handling the appliances necessary to his profession, to
the teacher in arranging and fixing his school house for the convenience of
his scholars, and to all kinds of mechanics to make them handy with toolsIt is like mathematics, it comes in play everywhere when there is anything
to be done. A MECHANIC, as such, needs all the mechanical organs well
developed, which will be determined by the Phrenologist. A deficiency
tends to awkwardness and want of skill in all that is done.




PHRENOLOGY.                            33
25. Imitcat'ion. Power of copying and doing as others have done,
working after patterns, and mimicking the actions of others. Draughting
to much extent, requires a good training of this organ and Cdnstructiveness, Size, Calculation, and Comparison. Many will work after copies
finely that can never go higher. A deficiency of this organ prevents the
person from doing many things as others do them. An excess runs its possessor into all manner of mimickry and foolery, and renders him liable to
copy so much after others as to show himself but a simple tool to follow after
others, and almost lose his own identity, and overdo all that he undertakes.
Generally fixes things in his own way.
Can copy correctly if he has the copy before him.
Has good powers of mechanical ability for working after patterns.
Uses tools well, does common work without difficulty, but will
never be a handy and skillful workman.
Is rather mechanical than otherwise, and could learn a trade
well.
Does things off-hand, and works as well without patterns as
with, and is handy in any business that he does.
Is a natural mechanic, learns without being shown, and makes
everything he wishes.
Copies accurately, draws and draughts correctly, if trained to it.
You will make your nicest jobs after a pattern.
You can. imitate and mimic the actions of others, and would
be good in Dialogues, Tableaux, Exhibitions, or Theaters, according to your training.
Is a mere copyist, makes everything after some pattern, has
no originality, is a mere second edition of somebody else.
Mimics everything, makes many false motions, and renders
himself odious by always imitating-and quoting others, is a poor
actor from the fact that he overdoes everything and puts in too
many variations.
26. Ideality. Love of beauty, and refinement, in art, statuary, painting, furniture, clothes, books, houses, carriages, aid all other'things that
can be made beautiful by the hand of man. When cultivated and applied
to literature, it loves poetry, whether the lines jingle or not-there is often
plenty of rhyme without any poetry. When applied to manners, it gives
chasteness of language, refinement of feeling, and general elegance. When
deficient, persons are coarse in action and slovenly in person, and often
vulgar in conversation. Vulgarity usually, however, proceeds from the
coarse animality of the person, as there are many that are coarse and slovenlythat are not vulgar. Others maybe vulgar in some kinds of company,
and fairly chaste in the company of others-these things are governed much
by the early training. When this organ is too powerful there is too much
love of the showy, too great a desire for the very nicest that can be procured, and often does much damage by making persons unhappy, when they
are obliged to put up with coarse things. It should be trained to enjoy
usefulness and beauty combined.
21'. Sublimrity. Love of nature in all her power, greatness and
majesty-love of hills, mountains, streams, cataracts, thunder-storms, rain5




34                        PHRENOLOGY.
bows, woods and landscapes. In literature, it gives with the orator or writer
a desire to embellish, color his ideas with illustrations from nature that expands and beautifies the soul.
Is never awakened to the beauties around him.
Cares but little for nature in any of her moods.
Discovers beauty and majesty in the tumultuous jarrings and
commotions of the elements when warring with each other, and
is much interested for the time being.
You love the wild beauties of nature.
Knows when things are nice, says they are pretty, but cares
little about them. 
Is inclined to be careless, and has but little real love of the refined and elegant.
Has a fair taste for delicacy, beauty and refinement, but prefers
usefulness, and hates the gew-gaws of fashion.
Will take pains to have things made well, and fine enough for
common purposes, but prefers usefulness to ornament.
As a worker, you will put on a hard, solid, plain finish.
-You love to see things well polished, and care not how rich
they are, if they are not flashy.
As a worker, you can put on a fine finish and ornament well, if
you choose to.
You have a lively imagination, and are fond of the beautiful
and sublime.
You are fond of all nice things, such as fine furniture, carpets,
houses, carriages, garments, landscapes, door-yards, flower-gardens, paintings, statuary, and everything that is really beautiful..
As a student, you would like poetry; whether it is in rhyme or
blank verse.
As an orator or a writer, you are capable of embellishing your
speeches or compositions with imagery and beauty from the world
of imagination.
28.  Individuality. Desire to see, know, and individualize everything. The great source of practical knowledge. It makes the correct observer, and a good development is necessary to the scholar, professional
man, trader, farmer or mechanic; in short, without a good development of
this, men or women are liable to make many mistakes, because they do not
gain facts enough to guide them. It simply hunts up everything, and all
kinds of things, and brings them before the other faculties for judgment,
and thus becomes the pioneer of the intellect, the pilot snd guide to knowledge. Persons in whom it is deficient, fail to see what is taking place
around them in small matters, and seldom know how much till it is forced
upon them, and are then astonished, and think many things are wonderful
that have been slowly developing a long time right under their noses.
When too powerful, it sees so much that it is liable to make the person a
meddler with things that are none of his business-sticking his nose into
everybody's face and prying into everybody's affairs.
Sees nothing but what is thrust at him.




PHRENOLOGY.                          35
Notices bulk but not particulars.
His curiosity is easily satisfied.
Notices general things well.
Observes closely when his attention is directed to the object.
You seldom notice the small matters sufficiently to be thoroughly correct, look closely.
You are always on the lookout for new things.
Readily discovers the relations that one thing holds to another —is well calculated to carry out details.
You are carefully accurate in all that you study, whether business or science, or other mental pursuits.
You are always determined to see everything around you.
29. Form. Perception of shape —round, square, long or oblong. Remembers faces, forms of patterns, machinery, letters, words, learns to read,
spell, arid assist in committing to memory by recollecting the first word of
each sentence, &c. Assists in writing and iaking a book-keeper, and helps
the stock man describe his stock that have strayed or been stolen. When
deficient, we are. poor spellers, poor to remember the faces of friends, &c.
When too large, it makes people very exact to have everything cut and
worked to a precise form and shape, or it will not answer at all, and puts
others to great inconvenience at times.
Must have different objects before him to recognize the peculiarities-is a poor speller.
Is a fair speller, and will remember faces well.
Easily recognizes persons and things he has seen before.
Seldom forgets the looks of a face, piece of machinery, or form
of animal or object that has been thoroughly observed.
Detects the slightest difference in things, and is always ready
to find fault with the slightest departure from the pattern.
30.  Size. The power to judge of large and small, length, breadth,
distance, how much a thing will weigh or measure in proportion to its size.
Guess off the weights of cattle, the length of a board, the height of a pole,
judges of angles, draws lines, tells when things are perpendicular, horizontal, parallel, level grades, tells when machinery is running true, and is very
necessary to the surveyor, engineer, all kinds of mechanics, and to the stock
buyer, as well as to scientific men generally.
Measures familiar things and distances by the eye fairly, yet
lacks accuracy.
With practice may judge of angles, uprights and distances well.
You judge well of proportions when you have carefully examined every part.
Is generally correct in judging of measure and distance, tells
the number of acres in a field, sees disproportions, levels by the
eye, notices the perpendiculars of window frames, looking glasses,
&c., with great accuracy, and has a mechanical eye in this particular.




36                        PHRENOLOGY.
Guesses of the weights of cattle an'd other stock with great
accuracy, if used to it.
Is much annoyed by disproportions-finds fault with everything
out of plumb.
31.  Weight.  The power by which we balance ourselves in sitting or
standing, walking, riding, dancing, skating, wrestling, carrying a steady
hand in writing, painting, drawing, Nsing the hammer in driving nails, the
trowel in throwing mortar, the needle in sewing, scissors in cutting, balancing the gun in shooting, throwing the ball, and everything of the nature
of balancing. When deficient, persons are poor in these things according
to the business they follow. When its power is large, which depends on its
daily exercise, and its: harmonious action with Caution, Size and Observation, they are good in such of the above things as they are daily engaged
in, and may skate, ride, dance, &c., or like Blondin walk across Niagara's
cataract. It is an assistant to the stock buyer, but not the main organ.
Often stumbles and falls,,is a poor horseback rider.
In ordinary cases, shows no deficiency or excellency in balancing.
Maintains his center of gravity well, and seldom falls.
Is sure-footed, steady-handed, climbs, skates, dances, shoots,
throws ball, handles the paint brush, mortar trowel, chisels, axes,
&c., with great ease, according to the business requiring each.
You would make a good horseback rider, with practice.
Dances on ropes, performs circus feats, jugglery, turns summersets, and is decidedly expert in gymnastic performances.
32.  Color. Power of discerning shades, taste for different colors —
gives the painter, ambrotypist, florist; milliner, dressmaker, clerk of fancy
goods, &c., taste in their several departments, according to its power and
training. For common painting and graining an average share will do, but
for fancy or ornamental painting it requires more, and careful training.
Many children draw and make pictures that suppose they would make fine
painters, but are often mistaken-they can give the heavier shades, but can
not appreciate the finer and brighter ones. Many have a preference for a
few strong, heavy colors, and fancy they must have a large organ —not at all
necessary, as an average share will give all that. Children also, often fancy
some bright flashy color, when they are totally incapable of appreciating
nicer points; thus, because a man is a painter or ambrotypist, we are not
to conclude he has large Color! They are to be judged not by their own
tastes, but by the highest standards of taste known to artists.
Cannot tell one color fr6m another, unless both are together.
Cares but little for shades or tints, seldom notices them.
With practice will judge well when the objects are near each
other.
Loves variegated hues, but has no passion or enthusiasm for
colors.
Mixes, arranges, and compares colors with apparent ease.
With the help of science and practice, you would be good in
ornamental painting.




PHRENOLOGY.                          8s
Shades nicely-has a natural ability in shading and arranging
colors to show off to the best advantage, and will highly appreciate
variegated hues, has much love for flowers on account of their
colors.'
Is passionately fond of'variety of colors, and often becomes
the laughing stock by display of such profusion.
33.  Order. Arrangement of physical things and ideas; some arrange
both, some one, some the other, and some neither. Its deficiency allo s
everything to scatter around everywhere, and always goes at things hap
hazard, and thus has to go over the ground too many times to accomplish a
little. When well developed and used properly, it has a place for everything and everything there. There are people that love order and will make
places to keep things, but have too little energy to put them in their places.
When this organ becomes too powerful, persons are too particular and make
a great fuss if things are not fixed just so and kept in extra order all the
time, thus they often keep the house in a stew all the time by their fretting
over mislaid things.
Keeps order if business compels, but not otherwise.
Prefers to have his things arranged for the sake of convenience,
but is not at all particular.
Loves order, and will take some pains to systemize and arrange
general things.
Loves and appreciates order and arrangement, but does not
always keep them.
Loves to see everything well arranged, and with correct habits, will either keep things in their places or have others do it for
him.
Has a place for everything, and'sees that it is put there.
You are too particular.
34.  Calculation.  Ability to count, add, subtract, multiply and divide. When large or full, makes ready reckoners, but they may not be able
always to get along well in the back part of arithmetic, or comprehend the
higher branches; this depends much upon the training of Comparison and
Causality. There are many good mathematicians that are not quick to add,
subtract, &c., but are correct and sure, and thus accomplish much more in
figures than many that work so quickly. The one is an off-hand shot; the
other takes deliberate aim and kills at every shot, while there are a few
that are quick and correct and deep mathematicians all at once. But these
are exceptions.
Seldom  can remember the multiplication table or learn to do
sums with satisfaction.
Will be a fair arithmetician, though nothing to brag of.
With slate and pencil, and a good teacher to explain the reason
of rules, will make a correct mathematician as far as he goes.
Is a good mathematician, and can do any ordinary sum in his
head.
You would be better in the higher branches of mathematics
than in the lower ones.




38                        PHRENOLOGY.
You can be first-rate in Arithmetic and Algebra.
Delights in computations, and may be a splendid accountant.
Makes mathematics a hobby, and reduces everything to circles,
triangles and hexagons.
35. Locality. Power to perceive the points of compass, and locate
north, south, east and west; learns geography by traveling, or on the atlas,
when trained; accordingly very necessary to the pilot, engineer, hunter,
scout or general traveler, geologist, botanist, chemist, naturalist, anatomist,
phrenologist or other scientific men.
Lacks power and ability to travel alone and find his way back,
even in common places.
Where roads are plain, will travel without fear of getting lost.
Has but little idea of where he is, by the points of the compass,
but will recognize points and objects on roads where he has traveled before.
Is liable to lose himself in by-paths, strange places, or cities,
unless he notices some landmarks to be guided by.
Learns geography easily.
Always carries the points of the compass in his head, never
gets lost, can go anywhere if the general direction is given him.
You remember exactly the position of all important points.
36. Eventuality. Power of retaining in the mind, and calling up
at will, the facts that have come under our notice-the events that have
transpired around us-the recollection of facts recorded in history, or anecdotes that we have heard repeated, or lessons that we have learned, and, in
short, all general conversation that interests us at the time, enough to make
an impression on our minds. Some remember the sum and substance of
things, and conversation that has occurred within their reach, but do not
remember the words or the exact arrangement of the facts and small details, but gather the substance and clothe it in their own words. The mind
may often store away a fact and may not be able to call it up at all times
when wanted, but it may come to them again at an unexpected moment,
showing that it has been lodged away securely, but something at the time
has prevented the mind from throwing it forth. In many people the mind
is not deeply interested in the subject they hear or read, and is wandering
on other things, and facts and sayings repeated in theirpresence fail to make
an impression, and thus they get into a habit of having things slide over,
and they complain of poor memories. Let them pay attention to what they
have on hand, whethor they are at a lecture, sermon, or reading a book.
Remembers what he hears tolerably well, but often fails in accuracy.
Remembers the sum and substance of things that he has heard
or read of, if he is interested.
Will remember those things beloging to his business, but fail
in retaining the details or the history of any transaction outside
of his business, unless he is much interested at the time.
Seldom remembers the order or arrangement of facts or words,




PHRENOLOGY.                           39
but with the outline in his mind he can fill up the programme and
make a good story.
You have a good strong memory; and when you are deeply interested.in the subject before you, you allow but little of the subject matter to escape you.
You remember ideas and principles well, and can use your own
Words to describe them.
You remember most everything you read, hear, or talk about.
37.  Time. This is an organ that performs a treble office. It remembers the time when things took place, or are to take place, as far as hours
and days, weeks and months are concerned, in proportion to its power and
the interest the person concerned has in the time or appointment. It keeps
time in music, measures the distance that should elapse between one word
and another in singing or speaking. It also guesses off the time of day
with accuracy or otherwise, in proportion to its training. Some will use it
in one direction well, and poorly in other directions-thus it depends greatly on the direction it takes, some giving one direction and some another,
while occasionally one will use it in all directions to advantage.
Must use a memorandum book for all isolated dates.
Will remember dates by association with other things that are
familiar to him.
Accurate in remembering dates, punctual to appointments, remembering ages, births and deaths of friends, &c.'Is much put out if others are not punctual to appointments.
May learn to keep time in music by the use of beats.
Will be exact in measuring space and time in music, and will
be much disturbed by discord, produced by want of time in the
performers.
Will seldom guess the time of day or night correctly.
Will measure time in his head as he passes through life, with
great accuracy, and can almost any time tell the time of day or
night within a few minutes, and measures the time between words
and sentences with accuracy.
38.  Tune. Perception of harmonious sounds, either in speaking or
singing. A good musician requires fineness of temperament, harmonious
balance and much vitality, with sufficient practice to control the voice and
muscles. The organ of Tune being in absolute size only a very small part
of the brain, and situated under the temporal muscles, which are always of
considerable thickness, renders it extremely difficult to determine its exact
size, so much so that unless the phrenologist is quite confident, and takes
particular pains to have the subject open and shut the jaws several times,
while he carefully examines the thickness of the muscles, he had better
leave it unmarked. But as the size of the Tune is only one requisite for a
musician, he should judge of a person's musical talent as much by his temperament and organ of Time as anything else. A person may be a good
musician without being a good singer; some are natural singers and musicians, others are altogether mechanical musicians, their talents are mostly
acquired, and consequently their music is more formal than soul-like.




40                        PHRENOLOGY.
(an easily tell there is difference between tunes, but will not
discriminate closely, and music will be a pretty noise rather than
anything else.
Will appreciate the more common and familiar kinds of music,
but cannot understand the nicer points and more difficult passages.
Will appreciatethe harmony of sounds in speaking, singing and
playing, quite readily, could learn music well.
Will take much pleasure in listening to music, and can probably understand and perform it.
Is a natural singer and musician; detects discord quickly, will
sing without learning.
Will learn to play on some instrument with ease and accuracy.
Can compose music, set tunes to words, &c., and excel as a
musician.
Makes music a hobby, and rides it to death, to the discomfiture
of his friends.
39. Causality. A reasoning organ; one that desires to know why
and wherefore. It is to the other organs what a condenser is to a steam engine. It condenses, rolls together, draws to a focus, comprehends principles, lays plans and looks into the future for effects, or takes the effect and
runs backward through all the meandering, tortuous course necessary to
get to the first cause of the matter in question. Thus it does not hunt up
facts, but like an overseer or judge, it sends out its agents (the perceptive
and retentive faculties), to bring up all the witnesses and facts they discover
bearing upon the question; then with its adjutant (Comparison) it sifts the
testimony, rolls together its facts, and decides. There can be no reason
without facts, all else is but sophism and theory. When this organ is deficient, they lack comprehensiveness and judgment in proportion to its deficiency. Less than average, will hardly give common sense; when very
large it supposes too many things, and thus lacks accuracy, and becomes
speculative and metaphysical in its action. The power of this organ is not
generally in proportion to its size, but depends mostly on its training. Most
of the people have more Causality than they use; nature has done more
for them than they do for themselves; its power will be best indicated by
written remarks.
Never thinks for himself.
Is rather a poor hand to look ahead and plan for the future.
Can put this and that together and draw inferences and conclusions very well.
Is not philosophical, but still wants to know the reasons of things.
You can comprehend the causes of the effects of common
things around you, when they are explained to you, but would
seldom search long for them yourself.
You will reason well about things that you have thoroughly
examined.
Will love to follow things back to their cause and know the
why and the wherefore, and will be a good reasoner.
Will always be asking questions, what is that, where did you
get it, and what are you going to do with it? &c.




PHRE NOLOGY.                             41
Naturally desirous of knowing the cause of every effect.
Is a good planner of business, such as his faculties adapt him
to.
Is a clear, sound, forcible logician.
Is speculative, theoretical, metaphysical.
40.  Comnpar'ison.  Power of perceiving resemblance, and telling
how closely.one thing looks like another. It is the adjutant general of
Causality, always watching out for the interests of its leader. It analyzes,
compares, illustrates and criticises everything; it is one of the main organs
in studying algebra, grammar, and general science. No man can make
much headway in any scientific department without a good share of it; it
is also necessary for a lawyer, merchant, trader in out-door business, financier, banker and mechanic, as well as for the gardener, farmer and stock
raiser. It is more thoroughly used in practical life than Causality. People
judge more by comparing ohe thing wilh another than any other way; it
requires less deep thought, which the most of people are very much averse
to; but few people stop to inquire closely into anything, except as. to its
price; the most are but echoes of some stronger mind.
Is a good general critic, illustrates and compares well.
Compares well, and appreciates the bearing of one fact upon
another in all common cases.
Is an off-hand, practical man.
Will detect the discrepancies between supposed facts or positions, relating  to business with which he is familiar, and  thus
comes to a safe conclusion in regard to the subject.
Is much a matter-of-fact man, and seldom supposes things to
exist, but asks for facts concerning everything told him..You are much inclined to analyze and tear things to pieces in
your own mind, so as to understand the facts better.
Analyzes closely, hunts up all facts-weaves them  into a theory, clinches his arguments well, and is a strong argumentative
opponent.
Makes all things plain to the listener, by comparing and illustrating his points so thoroughly.
Is forcible in his illustrations, happy in his comparisons, makes
all points plain, criticises everything, tears it to pieces, puts it together to suit himself-draws correct conclusions of the influence
of one thing upon another, and will be a close, forcible analoic;al reasoner.
41.  Lan.utafce.  Power to express ideas, in the ldumb brute by signs,
in man by words;'some write tlheir ideas better than they can tell them;
tIhey can thus tale plenty of tilme to get the proper wor(s to express their
tlhoulhts; others speak better than they write; they are the impulsive being
of the moment; others speak or write them with perfect ease, as occasion
demands. Some talk a'great deal and express but few ideas, they have
nothing but words; they talk all of the time and say nothing; others talk
but little, but express much; others can talk and tell what they really wish
to if there is some one on the opposite to talk part of the time, and draw
tlrem  out; want of self-confidencel often prevents people fromi expressing
G)




4 2                         PHRENOLOGY.
themselves well in public, that in private affairs can talk well; others will
talk well in public when excited by the presence of a crowd, that can talk
but indifferently when in private. Children should be allowed to talk upon
all occasions that does not positively interfere with the convenience of others. Parents talk to their children too little, except in baby talk or foolish
nothings; one reason is, so many parents know nothing else themselves..
Let them talk to them about all the affairs of life as far as the capacity of
the child can comprehend; this will stimulate the parents' faculties as well
as those of the child.
Is a poor talker.
Talks upon familiar subjects, yet finds it difficult to keep up a
protracted'conversation unless excited by others.
Is inclined to converse, but is not fluent.
Is rather an easy talker and expresses himself clearly.
Does not have many words, but generally comes right to the.
point, and tells what he wishes, and under excitement may speak
and talk readily.
Is a fluent, easy and ready talker and'speaker; conveys his
ideas finely.
Talks all the time, when there is opportunity..
Is an intolerable gasser, bores everybody continually.
Most men and wotnen have traits of character stronger in seme one direction than another, and thus adapting them to one kind of business better
than to others; while there are other people that can do a variety of things,'
different in their nature, and succeed as well in one as another, if the same
attention is given to the one as the other. Such, for instance, as a man may
be an excellent merchant, lawyer or doctor for years and then be a good
farmer, general business man,.or he can. sometimes conduct both at once,
giving mental and physical occupation to the whole being. Whether a man
can turn suddenly from one business to another, for which he is even better
calculated by nature; depends on circumstances. I-H  may lack the necessary education, or he may lack the pecuniary means to carry out the business, but time and perseverance would reward him for the change, it'  e has
not already wasted the best portion of his life.