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I' 
(
PROCEEDINGS
AT TEE
(}ofj th   gorffr t       I        tir
T
OF THE
/?1/~IG/
~EW CAPITOL OF ICHPIIGAN,
2d Day of October, 1873,
AT THE
CIfTY 0 F LANYeX31.
COMPILED BY
ALLEN L. BOURS,
Secretary of State Building Commissioners.
LANSING:
W. S. GEORGE & CO., PRINTERS AND BINDERS.
1873.
On the
_0
6 D 
It 
ca(rd  of StatI     uidi)1tg   omm}ssionerg.
GOVERNOR JOHN J. BAGLEY, CHAIRMAN,.. DETROIT.
E. O. GROSVENOR, VICE PRESIDENT,... JONESVILLE.
JAMES SHEARER,........... BAY CITY.
ALEX. CHAPOTON,...............DETROIT.
ALLEN L. BOURS, SECRETARY,...... LANSING.
ELIJAH E. MYERS,.....................   ARCHITECT.
OLIVER MARBLE,......LOCAL SUPERINTENDENT.
N. OSBURN & Co.,......... CONTRACTORS.
I S- - 
I 
(offl'r'vr  of  tht am.
PRESIDENT:
GOVERNOR JOHN J. BAGLEY.
VICE PRESIDENTS:
C. C. TROWBRIDGE, 
G. V. N. LOTUrOP,.
E. J. PEN~IMAN,   
ALPHEUS FELCH,. 
WARNER WING,o
JOHN J. ADAM,.
G. T. GRIDLEY,
C. P. DIBBLE,.
JOHN P. COOK,.
CHARLES -UPSON,. 
J. G. WAIT,...
R. W. LANDON,..
JONATHAN J. WOODMArN,
W. B. WILLIAMS, 
CHARLES E. STUART,.
JOSEPH MUSGRAVE,
O. M. BsRNES,.
AMOS GOULD,.
J. B. WALKER, 
A. C. BALDWIN,
R. P. ELDRIDGE, 
W. T. MITCHELL,
J. L. WOODS,
fe.
Detroit.
.  Detroit.;
-.   Plymouth.
Afini Arbor.
Mouroe.
Teci-im.seh.
Jackson.
Battle (reek.
I~.illsdale.
Coldwater.
Sturgis.
Niles.
Paw Paw.
Allegan~
K. Kalanmazoo.
Charlotte.
Mason.
~.  O wosso.
.Flint.
~.   Pontiac.
Mt. Clemens.
Port Huron.
.   Lexington.
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23 
LA YING THE CORNER-ST'OWE
ALBERT MILLER,.
D. IH. JEROME,..
JOHN LARKIN,..
A. F. BELL,...
C. C. COMSTOCK,.
W. M. FERRY,..
DELOS L. FILER,.
D. C. LEACH,..
PETER WHITE,
C01VIOMITTEE OF ARRANGEMENTS;
Gov. JOHN J. BAGLEY,
E. O. GROSVENOR,
JAMES SHEARER,
ALEXANDER CHAPOTON,
JOHN P. HIOYT,
LEONARD H. RANDALL,
ELLERY I. GARFIELD,
WILLIAXi H. WITHINGTON,
OLIVER L. SPAULDING,
WILLIAMIw H. STONE,
JOtiN S. TOOKER.
DAVID ANDERSON,
AUGUSTUS S. GAYLORD,
JOHN HIBBARD,
SECRETARY:
ALLEN L. BOURS, Lansing.
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES:
FRED. MORLEY,.
21M.D. HAMILTON,
JAMES O'DONNELL,
JAMES IH. STONE,.
A. B. TURNER,.G
JOEN N. INGERSOLL,.
HI. G. CHAPIN,.
R. L. WARREN,.
J. R. DEVEREAUX,
6
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
. Bay,City.
Saginaw.
. i'Aidland.
'   loiiia.
Grand Rapids.
Grand HayeL,.
Manist e
Traverse Bay.
Marquette.
Detroit.
Monroe.
. Jackson.
. Kalamazoo.
. Grand Rapid,,z.
Corunna
. Caro.
East Saginaw
Houghton.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 -
9 
OF THE LYEW CAPIT-OL.
(Orar of     
The Corner-Stone of the new Capitol of the State of Michigan, was laid in the city of Lansing, on Thursday, the second
day-of October, 1873.
A procession was formed under the direction of General
WILLIAM  HUMPHREY, Chief Marshal, in accordance  with
the following orders:
Programme of Ceremonies.
The following will be the order of the formation of the
column on the occasion of laying the Corner-Stone of the
New State Capitol, at Lansing, October 2d, 1873:
The column will be in six divisions:
The First Division will form on Washington avenue, the
LEFT resting on Main street.
The Second Division will form on St. Joseph street, west of,
and with its RIGHT resting on, TWashington avenue.
The Third Division will form on Hillsdale street, west of,
and with its RIGHT resting on, WVashington avenue.
The Fourth Division will form on Lenawee street, west of,
and with its RIGHT resting on, Washinqton avenue.
The Fifth Division will form on Kalamazoo street, west of,
and with its RIGHT resting on, Washington avenue.
The Civic Division will form on the plat in front of the old
State Capitol.
-Y
4 
..o 
ILA YINTG  HE CORNER-STONE
Formation of Procession.
DETACHMENT OF POLICE,
Ill charge of Sergeant P. W. GIRARDIN.
CHIEF MARSHAL,
GEE. WM. IHUMIPHREY.
AIDS,
Col. F. SCHNEIDER, Capt. CHARLES HODSKIN, Capt. S. IH.
Row, Capt. G. M{. HIASTY, E. II. BURT, Dr. GEo. E. RANNEY.
I.
MILITARY.
II.
CIVIC.
III.
COMMANDERIES OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.
IV.
MASONIC FRATERNITY.
V.
ENCAMPMENT I. O. OF O. F.
VI.
THE FRATERNITY OF I. O. OF O. F.
8 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
Arrangement of Divisions.
FIRT D)IVISION.
MARSHAL,
GEN. W. H. WITIIINGTON.
AIDS,
Major JOHN D. CLARK, Capt. ADAM3 BEATTIE, Lieut. BENJ.
B. BERRY, WILLIA3M II. MARSTON.
First U. S. Infantry Band.
Battalion First U.S. Infantry, Capt. R. H. OPFLEY, U. S. A.,
Commanrnading.
Co. -, First U. S. Infantry, Capt. G. S. GALLUPE, Commanding.
C o.           -, First U.S. I nfantry, Capt. E. WALKER, Commanding.
Battal    ion of Stat e  Troops, Capt. JAMES Ai. IIINCKLEY, Com                      inanding,
Detroit Light Guard, Capt. DAVID F. Fox, Commanding.
Porter Zouaves, Ann Arbor, Capt. WARREN E. WALKER,
Commanding.
National Guard, Detroit, Capt. JOHN O'KEEFE, Commanding.
Adrian Light Guard, lst Lient. WHEELER, Commanding.
Tecumseh Zouaves, Capt. JAMES D. SHOLES, Commanding.
Monroe Light Guard, Capt. CHAS. F. GRUwER, Commanding.
Coldwater Light Guard, Capt. GEORGE H. TURNER, Com                       manding.
llHudson Light Guard, Capt. L. H. SALISBURY, Comimanding.
Flint Union Blues, Capt. O. F. LOCKHEAD, Commanding.
Grand Rapids Guard, Capt. ISAAC C. SMITH, Commanding.
Ypsilanti Light Guard, Capt. CICERO NEWELL, Comnmanding.
Kalamazoo L       ight Guard, Capt. Jon- D. SUMNER, Com —
manding.
9 
LA YI.NG THE CORNER-STONE
BATTALION OF CADETS.
Detroit Cadets; 2 Companies.
Monroe Cadets; 1 Company.
CIVIC, DIVISION.
MARSHAL,
BRIG. GE-. JOHN ROBERTSON, Adj. General.
Constantine Band.
Gov. John J. BAGLEY, President of the Day.
Governor's Staff.
WILLIAM A. HOWARD, Orator of the Day.
Right Rev. SAMUEL A. McCoSKRY, D.D., LL.D.
Rev. NOAH FASSETT.
Invited Guests.
Capitol Commissioners and Architect.
Committee of Arrangements.
Maj. Gen. PHILIP ST. GEORGE COOKE, U.S. A., Commanding
Department of the Lakes, and Staffi
Officers of United States Engineers, and other United States
Military Officers.
Vice Presidents of the Day.
Secretary and Assistant Secretaries.
Senators and Representatives in Congress.
Judges of the United States Courts.
Judges of State Supreme and Circuit Courts.
Lieutenant Governor, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Senators and Representatives of the State Legislature.
Lieut. Governor, Speaker of the Hlouse of Representatives.
Senators and Representatives of the Legislature of 1871.
State Officers.
Past State Officers.
10 
OF THE   E W  CAPITOL.
President, Regents, and Professors of the State University.
Mayor and Common Council of the City of Lansing.
Mayors of other Cities, and Presidents of Villages.
Officers of U nited States Civil Departments. ~
Members of State Military Board.
SECOND DIVISION.
COMMANDERIES OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
ELLERY I. GARFIELD,
Right Emillent Grand Commander, in command.
AIDS OF GRAND COMMANDER,
V. E. Sir L. HI. RANDALL, D. G. C., Chief of Staff; Em. Sir
S. C. RANDALL, G. C. G., Executive Officer;  Em. Sir S. S.
MATHEWS, Grand Gen.; Em. Sir Rev. A. J. DAVIS, Grand
Prelate; Em. Sir R. J. CARNEY, G. S. Warden; Em. Sir C. E.
GRISSON, G. J. Warden; Em. Sir M. S. SMITH, G. Treasurer;
Em. Sir WM. P. I-NES, G. Recorder; Em. Sir HI. F. KNAPP,
G. Stand. Bearer; Em. Sir MILLS HI. LANDON, G. Sword B.;
Em. Sir WM. B. WILSON, G. Warder;  Em. Sir ALEX. McGREGOR, G. Sentinel; and all Past Grand Officers.
The following Sir Knights have also been appointed on the
Staff, and will be assigned to special duty: Col. Sir GEORGE
LOCKLEY, Gen. Sir MARK  FLANIGAN, Col. Sir WILLIAM
PHELPS, Sir W. H. BURKE, Sir A. H. WEST, Sir D. P. SMILEY.
The Grand Commander and staff will be mounted.
The following Commanderies and the Commanders of each:
LANSING, 25, Lansing,... ALFRED BIXBY.
DETROIT, 1, Detroit,...   JOHN P. FISKE.
EUREKA, 3, Hillsdale,... GEORGE C. NMUNROE.
ADRIAN, 4, Adrian,...   JOHN W. FINCH.
11 
LA YINIG THE GORNER-STONE
DEMOLAI, 5, Grand Rapids,.
PENINSULA, 8, Kalamazoo,.
JACKSOn, 9, Jackson,..
IOnIA, 11, Ionia,...
NILES, 12, Niles,...
ANN ARBOR, 13, Ann Arbor,.
FENTOXN, 14, Fenton,..
ST. BERXARD, 16, East Saginaw,
MIARSHALL, 17, Marshall,..
IONROE, 19, Monroe,..
CORUNNA, 21, Corunna,..
PILGRIm, 23, Big Rapids,.
ST. JOHNS, 24, St. Johnis,..
BAY CITY, 26, Bay City,.
LEXINGTON, 27, Lexington,.
HOWELL, 28, Howell,..
THIREE RIVERS, 29, Three Rivers,
MARSHAL,
CAPT. JAMES H. BAKER.
AlDS,
COL. A. COTTRELL, Lansing; COL. M. WV. QUACKENBUSH,
Owosso; CAPT. H. B. CARPENTER, Lansing; E. C. CHAPIN,
fDansing; CAPT. E. B. GIFFORD, Ionia; CAPT. I. TROOP,
Owosso; JOSEPH B. BAM3PTON, Detroit; E. M. MARSTON,
Lansing; E. YV. SA-NFORD, Lansing; GEO. M. HUNTINGTON,
M{ason.
The formation of this Division will be in the following
order:
DETROIT LIGHT GUARD BAND.
First-Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. of the State of Michigan, in the following order:
Band.
12
LEONARD H. RANDALL.
FRANK HENDERSON.
GEORGE W. BAKER.
J. H. KIDD.
illILLs H. LANDON.
STEPHEN M. WEBSTER.
J. BUCKBEE.
EDWIN SAUNDEITS.
JOHN W. FLETC]EIE.R.
GEORGE R. HURD.
HUGH AICCU-RDY.
CIIAITLES P. BIGELOW.
OLIVER L. SPAULDING.
C. F. GIBSON.
A. M. CLARK.
SARDIS F. H-LTBBELL.
D. D. -rHo-Rp.
9PTITIRID IE)I-VISI40-N. 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
Grand Sword Bearer, with drawn sword.
Grand Standard Bearer.
Grand Master, supported by two Grand Deacons with
black rods.
Grand Pursuivant.
A Past Master carrying the Book of Constitutions.
-, Deputy Grand Master, carrying the golden vessel with corn.
Senior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel with wine.
" Junior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel with oil.
The Five Orders of Architecture.
Past Grand Masters.
Past Deputy Grand Masters.
Past Grand Wardens.
Bible, Square and Compass, carried by a Master of a Lodge,
supported by two Stewards with white rods.
Grand Chaplain.
Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and Grand Lecturer.
District Deputy Grand Masters.
Grand Architcct and Ass'ts, with Square, Level, and Plumb.
Grand Stewards, with white rods.
Grand Tiler, with drawn sword.
Second-Masonic Lodges in the following order:
UNION of S. O., No. 3, Detroit,.
EVERGREEN, No. 9, St. Clair,.
MURAT, No. 14, Albion,..
UNIox, No. 28, Union City,.
FIDELITY, No. 32, Hillsdale,..
LANsING, No. 33, Lansing, 
LYONS, No. 37, Lyons,...
PLYMOUTH ROCK, No. 47, Plymouth,
CLIMAX, No. 59, West Leroy,.
LEXINGTON, No. 61, Lexington,.
EATON RAPIDS, No. 63, Eaton Rapids, J.S. MIONTGOMERY,W. M.
MIASON, No. 70, Mason,..   D. CAMP3ELL, W. M.
GERMANIA, No. 79, Saginaw City,   A. W. ACHARD, W. M.
13
R. S. DILLON, W. M.
D. D. ODELL, W. M.
E. P. ROBERTSON, W. I'Vl.'
E. AlcDONALD, W. M.
S. S. SNTITH, W. Al.
GEo. H. GREEN, W. M.
D. C. SPAULDING, W. M.
W. E. S —qlTl-l, W. M.
N. J. KELSEY, W. M.
A. M. CLAIZK, W. M. 
LAYING THE CORAER-STONE
BYRON, No. 80, Byron,..   A. MICCAUGHNA, W. M.
LOWELL, NO. 90, Lowell,.. A. J. HOWK, W. M.
GREENVILLE, NO. 96, Greenville,    WM. MAXTED, W. M.
ST. JOHNS, No. 105, St. Johns,. A. J. WIGGINS, W. M.BAY CITY, No. 129, Bay City,.   WM. R. TUPPER, W. M.
STOCKBRIDGE, No. 130, Stockbridge, C. W. VAN SLYKE, W. M.
MYSTIC, No. 141, Bronson Prairie,  EDWARD A. GAY, W. M.
SAGINAW VALLEY, NO. 154, Saginaw, W. W. KNIGHT, W. M.
DANSVILLE, NO. 160, Dansville,. M. M. ATWOOD, W. M.
GRAND LEDGE, No. 179, Grand Ledge, J. W. McMILLAN, W. M.
CHESANING, NO. 194, Clhesaning,
BEDFORD, No. 207, Bedford,.
OKEMOS, No. 252, Okemos,.
D)EWITT, No. 272, DeWitt,.
SPRINGPORT, No. 284, Springport
SALT RIVER, No. 288, Salt River,
WOODLAND, No. 304, Woodland,
ST. CHARLES, U. D.,.    
FOURFTI  D) IVI SION.
MARSHAL,
CAPT. J. A. ELDER.
AIDS,
EUGENE B. WOOD), Lansing; WILLIAM APPLETON, Lansing;
JOHN W. EDMONDS, Lansing.
Formation will be inii the following order:
Lansing Cornet Band.
Wildey Encampment No. 4, I. O. O. F., Jackson.
Washington Eilcampment No. 19, I. O. O. F., Saginaw.
Valley Encampment No. 20, I. O. O. F., East Saginaw.
Friendship Encampment No. 33, I. O. 0. F., Lansing.
Kanonda Encampment No. 36, I. O. O. F., Bay City.
And other Encampments in the order of rank.
14
~ J. L. HEL.IE, W. M.
C. W. ELDRED, W. Af.
~ J. F. SMILEY, W. -M.
~f. F. WHITE, W. PI.
;, F. H. LUDLOW, W. 3f.
RICHARD HoY, W. M.
~ J. P. PHILLIPS, W. M.
St. Charles. 
OF IHE NEW CATlOL.
FIFTIH DIVISION.
MARSHAL,
JOHN N. INGERSOLL.
AIDS,
B. PRELL of Detroit; O. W. OVIATT of St. Joseph.
Lodges of Odd Fellows in the order of rank.
THE divisions will form on the streets indicated, at 12
o'clock M.  The signal for the formation of the divisions
will be the firing of one gun.
Marshals will be as prompt as possible in the formation of
their divisions.
The movement of the column will commence at the firing
of the second gun. As that portion of the column on Washington avenue uncovers the streets on which the several divisions are formed, the divisions will move into their proper
places in the column.
The line of march will be down Washington avenue, passing in review before the Governor and staff, in front of the old
Capitol, to Ottawa street, west on Ottawa street to Capitol
avenue, north on Capitol avenue. From Capitol avenue to
Washington avenue, south on Washington avenue to Ottawa
street, east on Ottawa street to Grand street, south on Grand
street to Allegan street, from which point the first division
will move west on Allegan street to Washington avenue, north
on Washington avenue to Michigan avenue, west on Michigan
avenue to the new Capitol Grounds.  The remainder of the
column will continue south from Allegan street on Grand
street to Washtenaw street, west on Washtenaw street, thence
to its place in the column in the rear of the Civic Division,
which will have taken its place immediately in the rear of the
First Division.
Arriving at the Capitol Grounds, the First Division will be
formed in the position indicated in column, by companies
closed in mass.
15 
LA YIG  THE CORNER-STONE
The Civic Division will be conducted to the platform about
the speakers' stand.
The Third Division will be formed on the left of the First
Division, in column by commanders, closed in mass.
The Fourth Division will move to its position, immediately
east of the foundation walls of the Capitol, and will be formed
in close column.
The Fifth Division will be formed at the left of the
Fourth Division, in close column.
The badge of the Chief Marshal and his aids will be yellow; of the Mfarshal and aids of the Military Division, red; the
Knights Templar will appear in the uniform of their order;
the badges of the Mfarshal and aids of the Masonic  Fraternity, blue; the Encampments of 1. O. O. F. will appear in
the uniform of their order; the color of the badges of the Marshal and aids of Division of Lodges of I. O. O. F. will be
purple.
Marshlals of Divisions will have entire control of the formation of their respective Divisions, and of the changes of formation during the time of moving.
The procession will not re-form after the completion of the
ceremony of laying the Corner-Stone.  The military companies and Commanderies of Knights Templar will move from
the ground, in charge of their respective company and Commandery commanders.
Detail instructions will be given by the Chief Marshal
during the day.
WILLIAM HUMPHREY,
CAlief Marshal.
16 
OF TJ HE NEW CAPITOL.
reiiioiiies  at  {th  a ilg  of  fl 14 riier- tone.
MUSIC BY CROSETTE S CORNET BAND.
INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS.
BY GOVERNOR JOHN J. BAGLEY.
FELLOw-CITIZENS-In the name of the constituted authorities of the State, I bid you welcome to its capital.  We have
assembled for the purpose of laying the corner-stone of a
new Capitol building, worthy of our State; a fitting home for
the different branches of its government. To those of us
who have watched the growth of Michigan from infancy to
manhood, the occasion recalls the toils and trials of early
days, the anxieties and cares of pioneer life; while a pardonable egotism, as we look about us, tells of battles fought
and victories won over Nature in her most rugged mood.
To-day we stand here as conquerors of forest and swamp,
and can proudly say: "If thou seekest a beautiful peninsula,
behold it here."
In olden time temples and public buildings were erected,
not alone for use, but as memorials of king or conqueror, and
inscribed with records of their valor and heroism. The temples have crumbled into dust-king arind conqueror are for gotten-metal and granite have disappeared-time has con            3
17 
LA YING THE CORNER-STONE'
quered all.  And so it will be.  But our greater civilization,
with its triumphs and inventive art and skill, makes it
certain that, though buildings may crumble away and
nations vanish, there will yet be left, somewhere, the history
of to-day and all future days.  Our record will be preserved.
We shall not be judged in the distant future by the ruins
of our buildings, dug up by the antiquary, but by the record
of our deeds as individuals and communities, by our public
acLts, by our legislation, by our care for the public good. If
we make moral worth, honesty of purpose, and integrity of
soul the pathway to public position-if our legislation is
kept pure and sweet-if the commonol good is the common
law, we shall leave behind us a history more enduring than
brick or marble, a heritag,e  richer tlhanigold or precious
stones.  May  this be the ambition of our time, and our
hope for the future; remembering, always, that
"The riches of the commonwealth,
Are free, strong minds, and hearts of health;
And more to her than gold or grain,
The cunning hand and cultured brain."
18 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
PRAYER.
BY RIGHT REV. SAMUEL A. McCOSKRY, D. D., LL. D.
ALMIGHTY AND MERCIFUL GOD!  We comne before Thee, as
children to a father. Thou hast created us, and redeemed us.
Thou has brought us into the closest relationship with Thyself, unworthy as we are, and undeserving of Thy kindness
and care. Thy mercies are new every morning, and repeated
every evening.  We come before Thee with confidence, for
Thou hast invited us to come,-with deep humility, for Thou
art holy, and we are prone to sin against Thee,-with hope,
for Thou  hast promised to pardon and bless us.  May our
hearts be warmed with love to Thee for Thy unnumbered
mercies to us. May we fear to offend Thee, and enable us
to make Thy law the rule and guide of our life. Enable us,
by Thy grace, to give our hearts and lives to Thee, the only
return which Thou requirest for all the blessings we have
received.   We thank Thee for the goodly heritage which
Thou hast given us; for the civil and religious privileges
which we enjoy, and for the multiplied manifestations of
Thy favor towards us. We thank Thee that Thou didst give
wisdom to the fathers of our country, to lay the foundations
of peace, liberty, and safety.  We bless and adore Thy glorious
Majesty for this Thy loving kindness and providence, and
we humbly pray that the devout sense of this signal mercy
may renew and increase in us a true spirit of love and thank fulness to Thee,-a spirit of obedience to Thy will,-a spirit
of peaceable submission to the laws and government of our
country,-a spirit of fervent zeal for our holy religion, which
19 
LA YING THE CORNER-STONE
Thou hast preserved to us, and which forms the basis of all
our domestic, social, and civil happiness. Preserve, we beseech
Thee, to our country the blessings of peace, and secure them
to all the people of the earth.  Bless Thy servant, the Presdent of the UTnited States, the Governor of this State, and
all others in authority, and so rule their hearts and strengthen
their hands, that they may punish wickedness and vice, and
maintain Thy true religion and virtue.  Look with favor, we
beseech Thee, upon the services of this day.  May the CornerStone, now to be laid in Thy fear, remind us of Thy watchful
care over us, call forth continued  thankfulness for  Thy
mercies, and excite us to a grateful and ready obedience to
Thy will. Mlay no unholy strife and contentions be found
within these walls,-mmay truth and justice be always found
therein, and may they long stand as a fitting molnument of
grateful and happy people, whose God is the Lord. Protect
and guard all who are engaged in this work, from accident
and danger. And finally, Merciful Father, when all the material temples of earth shall crumble and decay, may we be
found fitted to dwell forever in that temple not made with
hands, eternal in the heavens. All which we humbly ask,
for the sake of our blessed Lord and Saviour.  AMEN.
20 
OF TIE NEW CAPITOL.
NATIONAL HYMN.
Tiioze-" AMERICA."
MY country,'tis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing:
Land where my fathers died,Land of the pilgrims' pride,From every mountain's side
Let freedom ring.
My native country, thee,
Land of the noble free,
Thy name I love:
I love thy rocks and rills,
Thy woods and templed hills,My heart with rapture thrills,
Like that above.
Our Father, God, to Thee,
Author of Liberty,    To Thee we sing:
Long may our land be bright
With Freedom's holy light;
Protect us by Thy might,
Great God our King.
21 
LAYING THE CORNER-SIONE
ORATION
BY
nn.            A.+   oar.
Your Excelleney, Members of the Legislature,
Citizens of Michigan:
What is the lesson of the passing hour? What means this
pageant? Whence this multitude? Who are they? What
brings them here? Why these upturned faces? Why this
eagerness to catch every word?  Why this all-absorbing interest in these ceremonies?
We are indeed citizens of a great commonwealth. Here is
to arise a structure of vast proportions and beautiful designs,
at great expense, and all to be paid for from the earnings of
the people. It might have cost twice as much, and exceeded
in architectural beauty the finest model of modern or ancient
times, and yet excited little of the interest shown here to-day.
We are not attracted by the magnificence of the proposed
structure, nor do we come to pay homnage to any architectural
design, however beautiful.  Why then this absorbing interest?
It is because the structure here to arise is associated in our
minds with that government "of the people, by the people,
and for the people," which we call our public. It is because
this edifice is to be dedicated to the enactment and administration of such equal laws as will tend "to establish justice,
22
Ladies and Gentlemen 
OF THE NYEW CAPITOL.
and to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity" for all time. That liberty, regulated by, and under
the reign of, just and equal laws, laws that restrain the mere
license of all, and thus secure the freedom of each to move in
his or her own path of duty and of pleasure. As the planets,
each in its own proper orbit, instead of flying athwart the
heavens in every direction, producing confusion and chaos,
contributes to steady all the rest; so every citizen of a well
regulated State, by enjoying his own liberty, under the wholesome restraint of equal and just laws, aids in securing to
others the like precious boon.
Our interest then centers, not in the magnificence of structure or beauty of design, but in the uses to which it is to be
devoted. In short, we here erect the house of a great and free
State. This raises the question, what is a State? When is a
State truly great? When really free? Is Michigan such a
State in its present condition or future prospects? It may be
said a State cannot exist without a given amount of territory,
with metes and bounds fixed with greater or less certainty.
But the land or territory is far from being the State.  We
have found our 56,000 square miles of land, with fixed boundaries, a very good place in which to erect a State; but the
land, with all its productive power, with its waving forests and
mineral wealth, is far from being the State. With this territory, as a place to put a State, we are more than satisfied
The State of Michigan is not two score years old, —its territory
w,as before Christopher Columbus.
For many years this peninsula remained terra incognita; in
the apprehension of many, a myth-a horrid place, abounding
in swamps and marshes, and the very home of diseases dire,
2.T 
LA YING IHE CORNER-STONE
uninhabited and uninhabitable.  To penetrate it, you must
take a canoe, and work your way through lagoons, soon to be
stopped by disease, perchance death. To collect and rehearse
the fabulous stories told, and sometimes believed, might, at
this day, afford amusement, but after all would be a thriftless
employment. Passing over the common gossip and fabulous
canards of those early times, I content myself by citing such
official action on the part of the government, as was believed
to establish the wvorthlessness of what was then known as
Michigan.  On the 6th of May, 1812, Congress passed an act
requiring that 2,000,000 acres of land should be surveyed in
the then Territory of Louisiana, and a like quantity in the
Territory of Illinois, north of the Illinois river, and the same
quantity in the Territory of Michigan, in all 6,000,000 acres,
to be set apart for the soldiers in the war with Great Britain.
Each soldier was to have 160 acres of land fit for cultivation.
The lands were surveyed and appropriated  under this law in
Louisiana and Illinois, but the surveyors reported that there
were no lands in Michigan fit for cultivation. Accordingly,
on the 29th of April, 1816, Congress passed an act repealing
so much of the law of the 6th of May, 1812, as related to
Michigan, and provided for taking 1,500,000 acres in Illinois,
north of the Illinois river, and 500,000 acres in the Territory of
Missouri, in lien of the 2,(J00,000 acres which could not be
found in Michigan.  This would seem to be decisive.  And
yet, in 1830, fourteen years later, Michigan was found to have
31,698 inhabitants, of whom 3,688 lived in that portion of the
then Territory, lying the west side of Lake Michigan; and
in 1834, only eighteen years after the act of Congress referred
to, this worthless territory was found to contain 87,273 inhab
2-1 
OF THE NEW CAPIIOL.
itants. Two years later they framed a State Constitution,
adopted a great seal, and for a motto threw the broad challenge to the whole world, " Si q?Douris Peninsul,m ammenam
circumspice."
In the Congressional legislation referred to, the Government
showed its regard for its soldiers. It had too high an appreciation of the value of their services, to attempt to palm off
on them the worthless lands of Michigan.  Those Congressmen, in their simplicity, little thought that in less than fifty
years, there would arise on this very territory, a great commonwealth, one of the sisterhood of States, that should send
forth to the great war for the defense of the national life,
more soldiers than the nation had ever mustered in any one
of its wars; ninety thousand soldiers, who should not only
"keep step to the music of the Union," but bear full high
the national banner, and illustrate American valor on everv
battle-field, from. the great lakes to the Gulf.
The legislation of Congress to which I have referred, was
based on the report of the Surveyor General of Ohio, dated
the 30th November, 1815, and on the 29thl of April, 1816, was
passed the repealing act, by which the soldiers were relieved
of the supposed worthless lands of Michigan in payment of
bounties. I need not weary you by reading here this report,
but shall publish it in a note to the text of this address.*  Much
* Extract from a letter of the Surveyor General of Ohio to the commissioner of the
General Land Office, dated Chillicothe, November 80, 1815, relative to the bounty land
in Michigan, granted by act of May 6, 1812:
DEPUTY SURVYOR'S PR.EPOP.
"Description of the military lands in Michigan.  The country on the Indian bound
ary line, from the mouth of the great Auglaize River, and running thence for about fifty
miles, is (with some few exceptions) low, wet land, with a very thick growth of under
brush, intermixed with very bad marshes, but generally very heavily timbered with
beech, cottonwood, oak, etc.; thence continuing north, and extending from the Indian
4
25 
LAYING THE CORNER-STONE
less can I rehearse the statistics, showing the progressive steps
of development since that time.  I should weary you and
transcend the proper limits of this address, by even stating the
aggregates of our varied industries; of the wealth developed
already; of our inexhai;stible mineral wealth and agricultural
resources, our natural manufacturing facilities, the steady
increase of our population, and the general prosperity of our'
people.  Fortunately I am relieved from any such necessity.
Under  a wise provision of law, the Secretary of State is
required to publishl  these statistics, carefully collected and
collated; this duty has been carefully performed, and the
volume  is of easy access to all our people.   Besides, the
committee of arrangements have wisely provided for a brief
boundary eastward, the number and extent of the swamps increases, with the addition
of numbers of lakes, from twenty chains to two and three mires across.  Many of the
lakes have extensive marshes adjoining their margins, sometimes thickly covered with
a species of pine called' tamarack.' and other places covered with a coarse, high grass,
and uniformly covered from six inches to three feet (and more at times) with water.
The margins of these lakes are not the only places where swamps are found, for they
are interspersed throughont the whole country, and filled with water, as above stated,
and varying in extent. The intermediate space between these swamps and lakes, which
is probably near one-half of the country, is with a very few exceptions, a poor, barren,
sandy land, on which scarcely any vegetation grows, except very small, scrubby oaks_
In many places, that part which may be called dry land, is composed of little, short
sand-hills, forminga kind of deep basins, the bottoms of many of which are composed
of a marsh similar to the above described. The streams are generally narrow, and very
deep compared with their width, the shores and bottoms of which are (with a very few
exceptions) swampy beyond description; and it is with the utmost difficulty that a
place can be found, over which horses can be conveyed.
"A circumstance peculiar to that country is exhibited in many of the marshes, by
their being thinly covered with a sward of grass, by walking on which, evinced the existence of water or a very thin mud immediately under their covering, which sinks from
six to eighteen inches from the pressure of the foot at every step, and at the same time
rising before and behind the person passing over. The margins of many of the lakes'
and streams are in a similar situation, and in many places are literally afloat. Oni
approaching the eastern part of the military lands, towards the private claims on the
Straights and Lake, the country does not contain so many swamps and lakes, but the
extreme sterility and barrenness of the soil continues the same.  Taking the country
altogether, so far as has been explored, and to all appearances, together with the ilnformation received concerning the balance. is so bad there would not be more than one
acre out of one hundred, if there would be one out of one thousand, that would in anycase admit of cultivation."
26 
OF THE IYEW CAPITOL.
historic sketch of the most salient points of our progress, to
be prepared by their secretary, and published with a report
of this day's proceedings, which altogether supersedes the
necessity of any elaborate statement in this connection.
I shall, therefore, content myself, under this branch of my
subject, with placing in juxtaposition, statements drawn from
the report, by which the worthlessness of Michigan was supposed to be officially established, and the facts as they actually
exist under the present state of development. The report says'
"Taking the country altogether, so far as has been explored,
and to all appearances, together with information received
concerning the balance, is so bad, there would not be more
than one acre out of one hundred, if there would be one out
of one thousand, that would in any case admit of cultivation!"
Since the acquisition of the Upper Peninsula, in connection
with the Toledo war, the whole area of Michigan, including
both peninsulas, is about 35,000,000 acres, and, of course, one
acre "out of one hundred" would be 35)0,000, and one acre
"out of one thousand" would be 35,000 acres.  Now, on the
1st of June, 1870, as appears by the census returns, we had
over 5,000,000 acres under actual cultivation, and more than
10,000,000 of acres embraced in farms. These farms were of
the cash value of $398,096,746.00, and their annual products
were estimated at $82,171,561.00.   The  10,000,000 of acres
now embraced in farms, are but a portion of those that ini
"any case admit of cultivation," for already 20,000,000 of
acres pay taxes as the property of individuals.
The report, after describing the country as consisting of near
"one half swamps," and the other half a sterile, barren wastes,
says: "And it is with the utmost difficulty that a place can be
27
i_, 
LA YING THE CORNER-STONE
found, over which horses can be conveved."  The onlv answer
I can make to this, is to refer to the fact, that on the first of
June, 1870, we had 229,274 horses, besides 2,362 mules and
asses, and plenty of roads for them to travel on; and that the
owners of some of these horses, think they can get around
about as well as anybody's horses. It might be added in this
connection, that in addition to finding places "over which
horses can be conveyed," we have found places on which we
have built more than three thousand miles of railroad.
The report proceeds: "On avproaching the eastern part of
the minzlitary lands, towa?rd the private claims on the Straights
and Lake, the country does not contain so m)any swamps and
lakes, but the extreme sterility and barrenness of the soil con   tiiues the same." The country here described must embrace
parts of Lenawee, Washtenaw, Oakland, and the west part of
Macomb, Wayne, and Monroe counties. I see many people
here from that section of the State.  I trust  they will forgive
me for citing that portion of the report.- I may seem cruel.
They, poor fellows, probably, were not aware that they lived
in a country of "extreme sterility and barrenness." In their
blindness, they had supposed you would go far to find a
country of equal extent of greater average productiveness, or
a less proportion of waste land.
I have dwelt upon the statements of this report because of
its official character, and of the controlling influence that
the supposed correctness of its statements had upon impor  tant congressional legislation.
It shows that the framers of our first State constitution, by
boldly challenging the world to look at this Peninsula, as in
every way adapted to become the seat of a great and prosper
28 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
ous comimonIwealth, against popular prejudice and official
action, exercised a boldness, courage, and self-reliance which
do them great honor, while our present abundant and varied
resources, developed and to be developed, show that Providence has placed here an exuberance of all those physical
conditions necessary to the growth and maintenance of a
great and prosperous State.
They did not claim to then have a State.  They said, "; Si
quwris Peninsulam amalgam circumspice." They pointed to
this peninsula as eminently suited to be the place for a State.
We are told upon the highest authority, that "The powers
that be, are ordained of God." And hence we may conclude,
without presumption, that He who made the world and all
things therein, He who formed this peninsula, with its productive power and its hidden treasures, wills that it should be
not only the abode of his creatures, but the seat of a great,
prosperous, and free State. All our physical development for
the thirty-seven years; all our increase of wealth; all the
unfolding of our vast natural resources, are but the adornment of the Peninsula, that she may the more effectively woo
the Heavenly Pilgrim. As a bride adorns herself for her husband, so every successive day she puts on still more beautiful
garments, and beckons the divinely appointed State to her
bower. Her vast agricultural treasures, that block up the thoroughfares and crowd the marts of the world, all utter their
voice,-all say "Come."  Her hundreds of thousands of tons
of iron ore that annually come forth from their mountain
seat, and leap into all the channels of the commerce of the
world, say "Come."   Her rich and extensive copper mines
say "Come."   Her  forests of boundless wealth wave their
IX
29 
LA YING T7HE CORNER-STO-NE
welcome, and say "Come."  From year to year she displays
her jewels, ever growing in brightness, and says with increased
persuasiveness, "Si queris Peninsulam arn6enant circumspice."
The evidences are everywhere abundant that Providence
designed and fitted this peninsula to be the abode of an industrious and happy people, the place of an advanced civilization,
the seat of a great, prosperous, independent, and free State.
What, then, is a State, in distinction from the territory
,where it exists? A free government is simply the organized
power of the good, consolidated and wielded to restrain the
bad, and to protect the weak from the encroachments of the
strong; or, in other words, to establish justice and secure the
blessings of liberty to all the people. All courts interpret its
will, and all executive officers execute its decrees. The sheriff
goes forth with its processes, and even when supported by the
posse coi?itatiu, or the whole military power, he is only the
minister of its will. Such a government is right in its conception and organization, andso far must receive the approbation of Heaven.  "Order is Heaven's first law," and such
a government, existing for, and securing the good of, the
governed, is the "creature of God."  We can hardly conceive
of the existence of such a government, without admitting
the truth of the fundamental axioms of the Declaration of
Independence;  for such a government can only rightfully
exist by the consent of the governed, and for the good of
the governed.
A State is the people in a given territory and their institutions.
A Free State consists of the people and such institutions as
they make for themselves. 
OF 7HE NEW CAPItOL.
A despotic State consists of the people and such institutions as are imposed upon them.
A free State lives in the will of its people!  Public sentiment shapes its course and controls its action!  We judge of
a State by the same rule as of an individual. "' By their fruits
ye shall know them." Their character must be determined by
what they do; but if they do what public opinion demands,
it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened and
virtuous.  Hence it has come to be an axiom, that the only
true basis of a Republic is the intelligence and morality of its
people. Experience goes far towards proving that the more
closely the public morality is allied to, and springs from the
personal religion of the individual citizens, the better it endures
the trial. The basis of public morality is the enlightened consciences of individual citizens.
The first duty of every free State, commanded by the highest
of all laws, the instinct of self preservation,-is to foster institutions for the promotion of the intelligence and virtue of its
people. Michigan's first Governor, in his first message, warns
us that the "liberty of a people cannot be forced beyond its
intelligence." And he might have added, it cannot long survive the decay of public morality. Governments rise and fall,
and nations decav and pass away, but the great principles
that pertain to rightful government, remain unchanged and
unchangeable.   The  Creator  seems  to  have  stamped  his
own immutability upon justice, and truth, and other like characteristics.
Another important function of a State, is to provide for the
unfortunate, —the deaf and dumb, the blind, and the insane.
Humanity requires this at the hands of the State, since a kind
31 
LAYING TIIE CORNER-STONE,
of treatment is often required, that friends and relatives could
not furnish; nor could any system of voluntary charity meet
the case so well; and since all are liable to these terrible
calamities, it is proper that all should aid, under the control
of the State, in making suitable provision for unfortunates of
this class.
To guard well the public health; to provide for the common defense; to preserve the public peace; to secure to every
man the reward of his own toil; to secure freedom to worship
according to the dictates of one's own conscience, and to distribute equally the public burdens, are among the proper
functions of the State. Let Michigan be tried by any or all of
these, and she will not be found wanting. Her brief career of
less than two score years, has marked a progress in all those
things that characterize a well developed State, that gives her
a high position amongst her sister States of the Union.  She is
to-day, the "New England of the Northwest" in many of
those things wvhichl should characterize a free State.  Time
will not permit me to presen t the details of what has been
achieved under these several heads, but the steady and rapid
progress in our educational institutions, challenges attention,
even iu this hasty sketch.  Thirty years ago, Detroit, Michigan's chief city, had a population of a little more than 10,000.
She had not at that timrie a public or common school, as they
were called, of any kind,-much less a "free school," in the
whole city. And nlow the number of children enrolled in
schools absolutely free, is greater by at least three thousand,
than the whole population at that time; and that city appropriates for the maintenance of her free schools this year,
$161,150.00.  These schools had worked so efficiently, that on
3'2 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
the first of June, 1870, notwithlstanding the rapid growth and
large influx of foreign population, it was found, by the census,
that the whole number of persons above the age of ten years,
who could not read, was only about six and eight-tenths per
cent of the entire population, and of them five and five-tenths
per cent were foreign born, and only one and three-tenths
native born. On the 1st of June, 1870, less than four-sevenths of the population of Detroit were native born, but only
about one-sixth of the children in attendance were of foreign
birth; showing that if our citizens of foreign birth had
availed themselves of the advantage of the schools, to the
same extent as did those to the mianor born, the illiteracy of
the city would have been reduced to still smaller proportions.
But the tax-payers of our commercial metropolis should
count themselves more than paid, by results so encouraging.
Results have been equally satisfactory throughout the State.
By the returns of 1872 it appears we had 79 stone schoolhouses, 595 brick, 4,153 frame, and 591 constructed of logs,in all 5,418, and they were of the aggregate value of $7,470,339.00.  Their value had nearly quadrupled in the eight years
immediately preceding, and public opinion is growing stronger
and more healthy every day. The number of graded schools
was 292.  The whole number attending school that year was
303,212.  The whole inumber of qualified teachers was 11,642,
and the whole amount paid for teachers' wages was $1,658,891.54.  The various denominational schools have, in their
limited sphere, contributed to the education of the people.
The State Normal School and our various colleges have helped
to swell the army of qualified teachers. The University is the
pride of the State,-an honor to the Nation,-and is destined
5
33 
LA YIVG THE GORNER-STONE
to share the glories of the world of letters, with the older
institutions of the world.
The beneficial effects of these various educational institutions are apparent in the character of our population for general intelligence, morality; and patriotism. The census returns
give rank to Michigan on the score of literacy, of which she
may well be proud.  The whole number of persons in the
State, above the age of ten years, who could not read, was, on
the first of June, 1870, 34,613; or less than three per cent of
;bir population.  The whole numlber of persons, at that time,
ini Massachusetts, above the age of ten years, unable to read,
was 74,935, or more than five per cent of her population. In
like manner, the census shows we beat Connecticut, Vermont,
and Rhode Island,-all the New England States, except two,Maine and New Hampshire.  Outside of New England and
-east of the Rocky Moutntains we excel every State except Iowa.
Something may be conceded to inaccuracies in collecting statistics, and the varying force of obstacles to be overcome in
different States, such as rapid growtli of large cities, and the
influx of different elements of foreign immigration. It is
probably owing  to causes like these, that Maine  and  New
'Hampshire make a better showing than Massachusetts and
Connecticut,-and that Iowa beats Michigan. But after making due allowance, the results show with sufficient accuracy
the power and value of the institutions themselves, and the
fidelity of administration. Other States have done, and are
doing, well, in building up and sustaining educational institutions; particularly the Northwestern States, (some of which
we are glad to see represented here to-day). It is in no spirit
of boasting that we have made these comparisons, but that
134 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
we may do justice to the foresight, the wisdom, and the patriotism of the early founders of our comparatively new State,
and the fidelity and vigor of all succeeding administrations.
I trust I may be pardoned for lingering a little on this,-to
me, a most interesting theme.  Those of 11s who have passed
the meridian of life, and whose heads are already whitening
for the grave, naturally look to the inheritance that is to
descend to our children, as the chief earthly good. And since
intelligence and virtue are the only true basis of free government, we know that this inheritance may prove a blessing or
a curse, according to the knowledge, the culture, and the character of future citizens.  It has been well said, that "culture
should be placed above knowledge, and character should be
placed above culture." It is not to be expected that new
.States, while comparatively poor, and wringing their bread
from the sweat of their faces, should furnish so many scholars
of a high grade, as the older and wealthy States. But it is
essential that they should disseminate the knowledge they do
have, through all their borders, to every hamlet and cottage
in the land.
Michigan has had sixteen Governors and acting Governors:
and following the lead of the first, every one of them has
proved faithful and true to these sacred trusts. To us it is a
matter of joy as well as of pride and exultation, that amidst
all the political strife and turmoil that characterize a new
State of a somewhat heterogeneous population, amidst all the
ups and downs," the "outs and ins" of political warfare,-no
party or faction in this State has disgraced itself by putting
sacreligious hands uponl our "trust funds."  All honor, then,
to the memory of Stevens T. Mason, and honor to all his suc
35 
LAYING THE CORNER-STOIYE
cessors,-living or dead; for whatever we may think of their
political creeds or minor faults, they proved true and faithful
to these essential interests of the State. To you, sir, and to
the present Legislature, we look with hope and with entire
confidence, that your administration will prove no exception,
in this respect, to those that have gone before. We invoke
you, one and all, by all those ties that bind good men to their
country; we entreat you, as you would not "plant thorns in
your dying pillows," that  yout foster institutions for the
unfortunate,-the deaf, the dumb, the blind, the insane, and
that you stand "four square" against every attack, open or
covert, upon our educational and other trust funds!
FELLOW- CITIZErNS-Thirty- seven years ago our fathers
modestly pointed to this peninsula, as a place well fitted to
become the seat of a prosperous and free State.  Since that
time its exceeding fertility has been demonstrated.   It has
been made to yield, in great abundance and variety, food for
the service of man and beast; it has poured forth mineral
treasures that have astonished the world; its forests have
yielded their wealth in rich profusion; it has gathered a large
population of industrious, moral, and happy citizens.  These
people are well organized into a body politic; they have
enacted equal and just laws; they have a judiciary nnim  peached and unimpeachable; they have faithfully executed
their own laws; they have established and maintained asy  lums for the unfortunate of every class; they have built
school-houses of every grade.-from the little frame that shiv  ers in the wind, at the cross-roads, up to the noble structures
of the graded schools that adorn all our villages; and on
through our colleges, to the UJniversity,-whiclh is at once,
36 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
an honor to the State and Nation.   They  have  made  the
means of education to every child, as free as the water that
runs or the air that is breathed. By sending more than ninety
thousand soldiers to defend the life of  the Nation,  they
have demonstrated their ability to defend themslves in any
emergency; in short, having established and maintained all
those institutions, and performed all those acts that should
characterize a great and free State, may we not, without presumption now say:  If you seek a beautiful peninsula, look!
And if you seek a great, prosperous and free State, here it is!
For such a State we build a new Capitol.  We this day lay
its corner-stone. It will be the third, in the order of time,
occupied by the State; the first in the fitness of its appointment. Our first Capitol was inherited from the general government. It came as a sort of "dower," when we laid aside
our territorial swaddling clothes. In it was written the first
ten years of our State history. In it were enacted some wild
and extravagant laws, ill-timed and injurious; but in it
were laid, broad and deep, the foundations of the State, which
will remain after we and our errors have been forgotten.  On
the whole, its ten years' history was an honorable one. Its
location was deemed unsatisfactory, and it gave place to a very
modest successor, that sprung up upon a school section in an
unbroken wilderness. Venerable old structure! It was not
to be outdone in the great cause of education. While its sutccessor was privileged to augment the school fund, by changing a school section from a wilderness to a prosperous city, it 
forthwith became the pioneer of all our graded schools. It
still holds its place,-though dead, it yet speaks. It is dead
as "The Capitol," but it stands a monument of usefulness.
Like Samson of old, it slew more enemies of the State, by its
37 
LA YfING THE CORNER-STONE
death, than during all its life. Venerable old building! first
useful as a court-house, then as a territorial and State Capitol,
but sublime as the model school-house; long may your dome
beckon our generous youth to your portals! long may your
spire point to heaven!
- Our present State Capitol was built at a cost of $22,513 02.
It used to be said in derision, that Gov. Barry paid for it by
cutting and selling the hay in the old Capitol yard. That he
did sell the hay, and carefully put the money in the treasury,
is true; an act trifling ill itself, but when taken as an index
of the rigid economy and stern integrity that characterized all
his acts, it does him great honor. It was a time of great
financial embarrassment, and John S. Barry has left a reputation for the practice of these sterling virtues that no ridicule
can injure. Trifling as was the cost of the rude structure, in it
twenty-seven years of our history has been written; in it have
been developed and recognized principles; around it cluster
associations of more value than marble walls or gilded spires;
in it have been recognized the rights of man as man; in it
our infant State has grown to manhood. Its successor is to
cost more than fifty times as much money. But, although fifty
fold more in cost, such has been the improvement in our financial condition that we can pay for this one easier now, than we
did the other twenty-seven years ago. Our State debt was as
large then as now. The current annual interest and expenses
had then, as now, to be met mainly by taxation. But the taxable basis is now twenty-five fold greater than then, and such
rate per cent as was necessary then to barely meet imperative
demands for interest and expenses, would, if levied upon our
present enlarged basis, produce a surplus that would pay the
cost of this imposing structure, long before the echoes of the
38 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
mechanic's hammer can die away.  Let then the new Capitol
arise in its splendor and magnificence, and let it stand as an
emblem of our advanced position; of the abounding prosperity of the State and of our people. Twenty-seven years ago
the hardy pioneers were pushing their way into Michigan's forests.  The first work was to cut logs for the rude cabin.  The
neighbors helped to place the logs in position.  A little lumber, a little glass, and a few nails demanded a score of dollars
in money.  There was the rub! But they struggled on,-they
triumphed! For their State they built a Capitol at a cost of
$22,513 02, and had a hard struggle to pay for it. But economy and labor conquered. The forests receded before their
brawny arms; their waving harvests yielded up their wealth,
the rude cabins have long since given place to neatly-painted
farm-houses, built and paid for with far less sacrifice than their
rude predecessors. And now these same pioneers are gathered
here with upturned faces,-" with looks intent" and glistening eyes, to lay broad and deep, the foundations of a Capitol,
worthy of their State, worthy of themselves.  Here let it rise,
and let it stand as a symbol of the citizens' triumphs, and of
the State's progress. And let the old one stand, until the
destroying tooth of time has done its utmost, as a monument
of the integrity and struggles of the times that produced it.
Then shall our children and our children's children, as they
look on this and on that,  thank God and take courage," and
move on to the more perfect development of a system of government, that shall recognize in their rights, every citizen as
a citizen, and no citizen as anything more than a citizen,and every man as a man, and no man anything more than a
man.
And let all the people say Amen and Amen.
39 
LA YIVG THE COR1ER-STONiPE
MASONIC CEREMONIES.
HUGH I MCCURDY, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of
Michigan, being in his place, was addressed by the Governor,
as follows:
SIR-It seems most fitting that your ancient and honorable
fraternity should be invited to perform the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of the new Capitol of the State of Michigan, and I now invite you to do this, with the usual forms of
Masonry.  The Grand Master then responded as follows:
By invitation of the Governor of Michigan, and of the
committee in charge, I am here in behalf the Fraternity of
Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan, and on the part of the Grand Lodge of the State, to perform, with them, the interesting ceremony of laying this
corner-stone. Free Masons were originally a company of
builders, whose monuments of matchless skill now adorn the
world and challenge the admiration of the earth,-masterly
models for modern imitation,-which had existed ever since
symmetry began and harmony displayed her charms.  They
were associated not only for the promotion of architectural
science, but for the maintenance of that high order of integrity, which is the dictate of divine law. And, although the
hand of time has brought our operative labors to a close, yet
there is a peculiar fitness in calling upon the Ancient Fraternity to shape and lay the corner-stone of this contemplated
structure, to be erected at the bidding of a young but gener
40 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
otis commonwealth, and which shall rival in magnitude and
grandeur, many an Eastern temple, that told its silent story to
whispering winds, four thousand years ago. Though empires
of the old world have risen, flourished, and fallen; dynasties
have come and gone, and ages upon ages have rolled away,yet this fraternity, true to its history and work, and stronger
and higher than ever, stands here in the meridian splendor of
the nineteenth century, to perform its grand and solemn ceremony, taught by the fraternity that dates its dawn early
enough to have had the wise King of Israel for a building
master. It may have outlived the circumstances of its origin,
and the necessities which called it into existence may have
long since passed away, no longer to constitute a distinctive
feature of the fraternity; but the hand of time has not been
laid upon its grand living principle of charity, which stands
to-day, and will forever remain the crowned queen among the
virtues, until time shall cease. It may have no more montuments of stone to rear, yet never since the days of Hiram,
King of Tyre, did it have a nobler mission than it this day
performs.
Springing from the science of light, its shining rays illuminate the world, and shed an effulgent brilliance from every
ceremony.  Its principles having the sanction of the Great
Jehovah, and laying their foundation deep in the truths of
His revealed word, still inspire its work to-day. Moses dedicated the Tabernacle in the wilderness, and Solomon  the
Temple at Jerusalem. Our ancient brethren of Israel, also,
dedicated their cities, and walls, and gates, and monuments,
and buildings.
The inspired Prophet sang never so sweetly as when lihe
6
41 
LAYING THE CORNER-STONE
chanted, "' Behold I lay in Zion, a tried stone,-a precious corner-stone, a sure foundation." To commence the building,
therefore, on a "sure foundation,"-a tried stone,- a precious
corner-stone,-is an injunction from the Great Master of the
Universe, and has more to commend it to our observance than
the mere antiquity of the custom.  In no view, then, is the
application of the plumb, level, and square to the chosen corner-stone, an idle ceremony.  It must be a perfect square
strong and durable, well-formed, true and trusty,-and in
these requirements, as well as in the implements we use, every
Mason and citizen may see the symbols of that noble manhood, which stands on the plane of equality, and regulates its
conduct by the Plumb Line of Rectitude, the Square of Virtue, and the Trowel of Brotherly Love.
On the corner-stone, when it is well and truly laid, are
poured the significant elements of corn, wine, and oil,-the
emblems of Plenty, Refreshment, and Consolation.
May the blessings, symbolized by these elements, descend
upon all who are engaged in the work of erecting this building, to be set apart for the use of the Executive, Legislative,
and Judicial Departments of this State; and may the work
prosper to a speedy and happy completion, and remain for
centuries, a monument to the zeal, intelligence, and liberality
of a great commonwealth, and to its devotion to the rights of
men, and the honor of God.  We are taught as we cross the
Masonic threshold, or before we engage in any great and
important undertaking, to invoke the aid and blessing of
Deity. Our Right Worshipful Grand Chaplain will, therefore,
approach the Throne of Grace, and ask the blessing of the
Almighty God upon this great work.
42 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
Grand Chaplain, ETEHA   RAY  CLARKE, of New Haven,
Macomb county, then offered the following
PRAYER.
0, Thou eternal Jehovah, Grand Architect of the universe,
'grant Thy blessing upon this State, in all its diversity of
interests.   Endear to the hearts of this people this Capitol,
from the laying of this corner-stone to its completion, and
ever afterwards. May that wisdom that covered the top of
Mount Sinai, when Thou gavest the law to Thy servant
Moses, the leader of ancient Israel, rest upon  this Capitol.
May this State continue to be, as it has been in the past, a
prominent star in the nation's field of blue, even until the
end of time, when  Gabriel shall blow his trump, and swear
that time shall be no longer. Grant this our prayer, for Thy
great name's sake.  AMEX.
The Grand Master then said:
"Brethren, ill accordance with ancient Masonic usage, we
will now lay the corner-stone of this great fabric."
The corner-stone was then elevated, and let down to its
place, by three motions,-each of which was saluted by artillery and the public grand honors.
The Grand Master said:
"If the Building Commissioners have prepared any articles
to be deposited in this stone, they will now present them and
a list thereof."
Upon which, the Secretary of the State Building Commissioners presented to the Grand Master, a massive copper box,
inclosing a glass casket, hermetically sealed, containing historical documents and memorials, with a list of the same.
43 
LA YING THE CORNER-ST'ONE
By direction of the Grand Master,  the Grand Treasutrer,
aided by the Grand Stewards, recei{ed the box and placed it
in the corner-stone.
The Grand Secretary then read a list of the contents of the
)ox, placed in the corner-stone, as follows:
1. History of Michigan, enrolled upon parchment.
2. Declaration of Independence, enrolled upon parchment.
3. Ordinance of Congress admitting Mlichigan into the Union,
enrolled upon parchment.
4. Pamphlet containing the Constitution of the UInited States
and the Constitution of the State of Michigan.
5. Copy of Act providing for the erection of the Capitol.
6. Copy of instructions to architects submitting designs for
the Capitol.
7. Copy of specifications for erection of Capitol.
8. Annual Reports of the State Building Commissioners, for
the years 1871, 1872, and 1873.
9. Copy of Estimate and Voucher No. 13, for September,
1873, showing cost of construction of Capitol to date.
10. Copy of sheet of ledger balances for September 24, 1873,
showing payments of each class, for construction, to
date.
11. Copies of all blanks used in the office of the State Build      img Commissioners.
12. Copy of Joint Resolution providing for laying the corner      stone.
13. Copy of invitation to corner-stone ceremonies.
14. Package containing deposits in corner-stone of the Terri     torial Capitol, erected in Detroit in 1823.
15. The Holy Bible.
44 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
16. Reports of all State Officers and Boards for the year 1872.
17. The Legislative Manual for S1857, 1867, 1871, and 1873.
18. Statistics of Michigan, compiled from the ninth census of
the United States.
19. Report of Michigan Commissioner of Insurance for 1873.
20. Vital Statistics of Michigan for the year 1870.
.21. Michigan School Laws, 1873.
22. Michigan State Gazeteer, 1873.
23. Transactions of the Grand Lodge of F. & A. M. of Michi      gan for 1873.
24 Transactions of Michigan State Medical Society for 1873.
25. Silver plate upon which are inscribed the names of the
Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Lansing for 1873.
26. Lansing City Directory.
27. Catalogue and Manual of the Lansing Library and Lite     rary Association.
28. Copies of all the daily newspapers published in the State,      issue of September 27, 1873.
29. Copies of the Lansing weekly newspapers.
30. Pen used in signing the first Constitution of the State of
Michigan in 1835.
31. Impression from the Great Seal of the State of Michigan.
32. Lithographic view of the new Capitol.
33. Gold, silver, nickel, and copper coins of the United States,
-coinage of 1873.
34. Collection of copper cents of fifty-seveu different years,
from 1794 to 1857.
35. Copper half-cent,-coinage of 1835, the year in which first
State Officers were elected.
36. Set of Compiled Laws of Michigan, 1871.
45 
LAYING THE CORNER-STONE
Detroit City Directory, 1873.
Report on crime and pauperism in Michigan for 1873.
Manual of Michigan Constitutional Convention for 1867.
Catalogue of Michigan State Library, 1873.
List of Officers of M. W. Grand Lodge of F. & A. Masons
of Michigan, officiating on occasion of laying the corner  stone, enrolled upon parchment.
Copy of programme of exercises,-corner-stone ceremonies.
Copy of introductory address by Gov. John J. Bagley.
Copy of prayer by Right Rev. S. A. McCoskry, D. D.  LL. D.
Copy of address by Hon. William A. Howard.
Copy of Masonic programme.
Specimens of United States fractional currency.
-United States postal card.
The Grand Architect thien presented the working tools to
the Grand Master, who handed the Square to the Deputy
Grand Master, the Level to the Senior Grand Warden, and
the Plumb to the Junior Grand Warden.
NOTE.-The coins deposited, include a specimen of each denomination
issued from the U. S. Mint in the year 1873, from $20, gold, to one cent,
copper.
The silver, nickel, and copper coins were donated by O. A. jenison,
Esq., of Lansing.
The collection of copper cents, from 1794 to 1857, was presented by
Hon. John Greusel of Detroit.
The Holy Bible deposited was presented by Messrs. Tunis & Parker
of Detroit.
The newspapers were all printed upon bond paper manufactured
expressly for the purpose, and presented by the Detroit Paper Company.
The pen used in signing the first State Constitution, in 1835, was presented by Hon. John J. Adam of Tecumselh.
46
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
.40.
46.
47.
48. 
OF THE NEW CAPITOL.
The Grand Master seated the Grand Lodge, and proceeded
as follows:
GRAND MASTER-"Brotlier Deputy Grand Master, what is
the proper jewel of your office?"
DEPUTY GRAND MASTER-" The Square."
GRAND MASTER-" What does it teach?"
DEPUTY GRAND MASTER-"To square our actions by the
square of virtue, and by it we prove our work."
GRAND MASTER-" Apply your jewel to this Corner-Stone,
and make report."
DEPUTY GRAND MASTER-"' The Stone is square; the
craftsmen have done their duty."
GRANI) MASTER-" Brother Senior Grand Warden, what is
the jewel of your office? "
SENIOR GRAND WAARDEN-" The Level."
GRAND MASTER-" What does it teach?"
SENIOR GRAND WARDEN-" The equality of all men, and
by it we prove our work."
GRAND MASTER-" Apply your jewel to this Corner-Stone,
and make report."
SENIOR GRAND WARDEN-"The stone is level; the craftsmen have done their duty."
GRAND MA,STER-"Brothier Junior Grand Warden, what is
the jewel of your office?'
JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN - "The Plumb."
GRAND MASTER-" What does it teach?"
JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN-" To walk uprightly before God
and man, and by it we prove our work."
GRAND MASTER-" Apply your jewel to this (Corner-Stone,
and make report."
47 
LA YING IRE CORNER-STONE
JuNioR GRAND WARDEN —" The Stone is plumb; the craftsmen have done their duty."
The Senior and Junior Grand Deacons, bearing the Trowel
and Gavel,,then approached the Stone.
The  Grand  Master, preceded  by  the  Grand Marshal,
advanced to the Stone, spread mortar upon it, struck it three
blows with the mallet, returned to his place, and said: "I,
HUIIGH MCCURDY, Grand Master of Masons of the State of
Michigan, declare this Stone to be plumb, level, and square;
to be well formed, true, and trusty."
The Grand Stewards then proceeded to the Stone, followed
by the Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden, and
Junior Grand Warden, bearing the Corn, Wine, and Oil.
The Deputy Grand Master then scattered the Corn, saying:
"*May the blessing of the Great Architect of the Universe rest
upon the people of this State, and may the Corn of Nourishment abound in our land."
Response by the Craft,-" So mote it be.'
The Senior Grand Warden then poured the Wine, saying:
"May the Great Architect of the Universe watch over and preserve the workmen upon this building, and bless them and
our land with the heavenly Wine of Refreshment and Peace."
Response,-" So mote it be..'
The Junior Grand Warden then poured the Oil, saying:
"May the Great Architect of the Universe bless our land with
union, hlarmony, and love,-the Oil which minaketlh men to be
of a joyful countenance."
Response,-" So mote it be."
48 
OF THE NE W CAPITOL.
GRAND MASTER'S CLOSING ADDRESS.
FELLOW CITIZENS AiND BRtETHRIEN: —In the name of the
Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of M3fichigan, I
now pronounce this corner-store laid to the glory of the great
Architect of the Universe, and in exact justice to all men.
As ages have looked down upon our fraternity, so may suc-e
ceeding ages, and our grateful descendants look back upon
this ceremony, and this important occasion.
To Free Masons the one is full of mneaning, and is typical
of the requirements of the good and just, handed down to us
by the best of the sons of earth; the other bids the people of
Michigan to be of good cheer, and to remember that the magnitude of any event must be determined by its results of good
or evil, in its influence upon the well-being and destinies of
men.
The past, in the brief history of our State, has written the
story of our prosperity, in words too plain to be mistaken. Its
outlines have been intombed in the solid rock, and now, as we
hand them down to the long future, of which we can only
speak with bated breath, other years, rounding into centuries,
are before us. Let not the pride of achievement degenerate
into vain boasting; but, accepting the past with feelings of
devout gratitude, look calmly and heroically to the future, in
a trustful resignation to its unknown ills, and a thankful
anticipation of its unreached good.
When Bishop Berkeley, nearly a century and a half ago,
7
49 
LAYING THE CORLYER-STONE
turned his eyes towards this fair land, which we now inhabit,
and closed a few prophetic lines of poetical prediction,              "Time's noblest offspring is the last,"
he uttered no exaggerated sentiment, but a prophecy that lias
already been fulfilled.
The Assyrian, the Persian, the Grecian, and the Roman
empires, the first four acts in the world's great drama, were
emphatically empires of conquest, and dominion of man over
man, but piercing into the darkness of futurity, the Empire
which his great mind foretold in America, was the Empire of
Freedom, Learning, and the Arts,-the dominion of man over
himself and over physical nature, acquired, as well may be
claimed, by the love of liberty, the inspirations of genius, and
the toils of industry,-not cemented in the blood of human
victims,-and founded not in discord, but in harmony,-of
which the only spoils are the imperfections of nature, and the
victory achieved is the improvement of the condition of all.
In short, it is a conquest, in which man, under the operation
of mild and wholesome laws, only subdues his fellow man.
Fifty years ago, this State was an unbroken wilderness.
Look now on its present picture of power and felicity,-this
lovely Peninsular State, with all its happy homes, its hallowed
memories, and beneficent institutions-its budding hopes ofcoming grandeur and untold magnificence.  It has been an
era of advancement, before which the coming historian will..
pause, and, seeing nothing over or beyond its margin, nothing
of man's pride, wvill admiringly linger among its monuments
and traditions, as his predecessors halted at the gates of
Rome, and tarried amid the ruins of Attica and Greece.
50
i 
OF TIIE NEW CAPITOL.
With us it has been a period of colonization and growth, in
which an empire has been carved out from the wilderness, and
a new nation has sprung up,-like Minerva from the brain of
Jove,-grander in proportions, more perfect in organization,
more just in conception and administration, than the pompous principalities of the Eastern world.
Illuminated by the wisdom of the past and the experience
of all time, it has revealed to us that the political economy of
the wisest sages, and the intellect and philosophy of the
Augustan age, can be surpassed by the achievements of a
few brief years, amid the unpolished denizens of a wilderness.
Within that period, Michigan has sprtung from territorial
dependence to dominion and renown.  Where in all the past
of Eastern prowess can ingenuity discover the semblanlce even
of its prototype?
Grateful for the prosperity of the past, and proud of the
record which Michigan has already made in the strength of
her numbers,-the achievements of science and the progress
of art,-the conquest in political economy, the triumphs of
freedom, the expansion of trade, and the diffusion of knowledge,-let us not forget the great principles that underlie it,
and has secured them all; but stand firm in its defense, amid
the war of opinions, and the tempest of conflicting passions.
It is only by remaining true to the State, and standing fast to
principle, that we have abundance in the land, peace in our
time, and hope of still better things in the future.
On the rugged coast of Scotland there runs outt from the
Grampian Hills a rocky headland, known in all time as Craig
:Ellachie.  The turf cottages of Clan Grant are in sight of its
hoary head, and its earnest, depending peasantry have for
51 
LA YIiV THE CORNER-STONE
their war-cry, "Stand fast, Craig Ellachie."  The wild warriors of the hills, serving in the armies of England, are said
by the eloquent March, to have carried that cry around the
world; and every time it runs along the line, in making the
terrible charge, or resisting the more fierce attack, the brave
Highlanders assume to themselves the steadfastness of the rock
which looks down upon their distant homes. The remembrance of that rugged and storm-beaten craig nerves the heart
of the Scottish soldier when shivering in the icy winds of the
north, or fainting in the noonday heat of the tropical climes.
Wherever the hour of peril finds him, and his thoughts
wander away off to the home of his childhood, the cry comes
from that hoary rock, "stand fast."
And so, from the defenders of the truth, in all time, there
comes to us in all seasons the clarion cry, "stand fast."  The
example of their constancy rises up amid all the conflicts of
the past, like the rocky headland facing the storm, or holding
the beacon on the shore of the treacherous sea. Let us assume
the strength of their faith and courage, and taking up the
cry that comes to us from far distant ages, give it new life
and power by our fidelity, as we pass it along to all in the service of the State,-" stand fast!"
The Romans possessed a shield, said to have descended
from Heaven, which so long as it remained at the Capitol, the
sceptre of empire could not depart from the nation. We, too,
have a shield, spreading its protection over every vulnerable
part of the State, coming from the same Divine Bestower, and
which, so long as it remains among us, our prosperity and
happiness will be maintained inviolate. It is the people's love
of liberty! I God grant that this love may warm the heart of
.52 
OF THE NEW CAP17TOL.
every citizen, and protect in its might the citadel from invasion, throwing walls of adamant around the ballot,
"That mighty weapon, firmer set,
And better than the bayonet,               A weapon that comes down as still
As snowflakes fall upon the sod,
But executes a freeman's will,
As lightning does the will of God."
R. W. Grand Marshal: you will please make your proclamation.
This proclamation the Grand  Marshal made as follows:
"In the name of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of tFree
and Accepted Masons of the State of Michigan,
"I proclaim, That the corner-stone of the new Capitol of
the State of Michigan has this day been found square, level,
and plumb,-triie and  trusty,-aand laid according  to our
ancient customs, by the Grand Master of Masons."
The Grand Master announced that the Masonic ceremonies
would conclude with the Benediction, which was offered by
the Grand Chaplain, as follows:
Mlay the blessing of Jehovah, the Eternal, Invisible, and
All-wise God, our Creator, abide with this people, now and
forevermore,-AMEN-.
Upon the conclusion of the Masonic ceremonies, the entire
assemblage united in singing the following
HYMN.
TU'NE-Old Hundred.
With one consent let all the earth
To God their cheerful voices raise;
Glad homage pay with awful mirth,
And sing before Him songs of praise.
53 
LAYING THE CORNER-STONE.
For He's the Lord, supremely good,
His mercy is for ever sure;
His truth, which always firmly stood,
To endless ages shall endure.
Praise God from whom all blessings flow,
Praise Him all creatures here below,
Praise Him above, ye heavenly host,
Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
The exercises concluded with the following Benediction,
by the Rev. NOAH FASSETT:
May the blessing of Him'"who lath laid the foundations
of the earth, who upholdeth all things by the word of His
power," and without whom, "they labor ill vain that build,"
graciously rest upon the Governor of this State, upon all
clothed with Legislative or Executive authority, upon the
Mayor and Council of this City, upon the Architect to whom
is committed the responsible work of erecting this State Capitol, upon our civil, literary, and religious institutions. And
may the enlightening, the purifying, and the guiding influences of the Holy Ghost richly rest upon the whole people of
this Commonwealth, and the grace of our Lord and Saviour,
Jesus Christ, be upon, and abide with you all, evermore,AMENx.
5,4 
HISTORY
OF
MICHIGAN
FROM ITS
SETTLEMENT BY THE FRENCH
TO THE
LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE
OF TE
NEW CAPITOLI,, OCTlOBER 2D, I873.
TO WHICH IS ADDEI)
A list of the Principal Officers of the United States, the State
Officers and State Boards of Michigan, and the Mernm      bers of the Legislatures of 1871 and 1878; also,
a list of Newspapers and Periodicals
published in the State.
COMAPILED  BY
A;LmL EN L1. Bo u s,
SECRETARY OF THE B(IARD OF -STATE BUILDING COM3MISSIONERS.
I873. 
CorMPILED under a resolution of the Committee of Arrangements;
the original copy, enrollel upon parchment, was deposited in the
Corner - Stone. 
HE preparation of a history, embracing the
most important events, changes in govern      ment, etc., fiom the first settlement of Michigan to the present time, is an undertaking involving
no small amount of labor and patient research.
Among the various histories of the State, published
from time to time, few are accurate and reliable;
many conflicting statements are found ill regard to
important events.  The compiler of this history has
carefully examined all the best authorities now to
be found; and especial]y in the preparation of statistics, has relied only upon official information.
Much that is valuable has been gleaned from
Bancroft's History of the United  States,  Sheldon's Early History of Michigan, the Discourses
of Lewis Cass and others before the Michigan
Historical  Society,  Lanman's History of Michigan, McMufllen's History of Canada, Miles' History of Canada, and Bouchette's British Dominions.
8
ego~~~~~~~~~
.0 
PREFACE.
The account of the noble record of Michigan
during the rebellion from 1861 to 1865, is condensed
from the very able report of Brigadier General
John Robertson, Adjutant General of the State.
The statements of population are from the official
records of the Secretary of State and the United
States Census Bureau, and other statistics are
obtained from the reports of State officers. The
compiler makes no claim to originality in the history
here produced; his only aim has been to condense
from the writings of others, a concise statement,
showing the early condition and rapid advancement
to the glorious  position now occupied  by the
Peninsula State.
58 
HISTORY Ot Ml iIQ.
ICHIGAN derives its name from the Indian words
'Mitchi Saw.qyeean," the meaning of which, is the
"Great Lake," or "Lake Country," a name pecu        liarly appropriate from  the position it occupies;
having  Lake  Superior for its northern  boundary, Lakes
Erie, St. Clair, and Htluron on the east, and Lake Michigan
on the west.   The extent of its domain is 56,243 square
miles.
Previous to the year 1641, the territory now embraced
within the limits of the State, was inhabited only by the red
man, though Detroit, as far back as the year 1620, then an
Indian village, was the resort of the French missionaries.  In
1639, a plan for the establishment of missions in "New
France" was formed; but as the French, in consequence of
the hostility of the 3Iohawks, were excluded from the navigation of the waters of Lakes Ontario and Erie, their only
avenue to the West was the Ottawa River, through which, in
the year 1641, the first bark canoe laden with French Jesuits,
was paddled to the Falls of St. Mary, which they reached
after a navigation of seventeen days. Charles Raymbault, the
first missionary to the tribes of Michigan, returned in the
year 1642, to Quebec, in consequence of declining health.
4. 
HISTORY OF MICH-GAN.
Thus, at this early period, the French advanced their missionary posts beyond the shores of Lake Huron, and to the
outlet of Lake Superior.
The first settlement commenced by Europeans within the
boundaries of Michigan, was the mission of St. Mary, which
was established in the year 1668, by Allouez, Claude Dablon,
and James Marquette.  In May, 1671, a Congress of French
soldiers, and chiefs from fourteen of the Indian tribes of the
Northwest, was convened at the Falls of St. Mary, called by
Nicholas Perrott, an agent of the French government, at
which time and place a cross and a cedar post, bearing upon
a, shield the French lilies, was raised,-the lands formally
taken possession of by M. de Lusson, and the savages were
informed that they were under the protection of the French
King.
The death of Marquette, on the 18th day of Mlay, 1675, is
t h u s recorded b     y  B ancroft:  "In sailing from Chicago to
Mackinac, he entered a little river in Michigan; erecting an
alt    ar,   he said mass, after the rites of the Catholic church;
t h e n    begging th  e  m en who conducted his canoe to leave
h    i     m     alone for hal f  an hour,
'In the darkling wood,
Amid the cool and silence, he knelt down
And offered to the Mightiest, solemn thanks
And supplications.'
At the end of half an hour they went to seek him and he was
no more. The good missionary, discoverer of a world, had
fallen asleep on the margin of a stream that bears his name.
Near the mouth, the voyagers dug his grave in the sand."
Michilimackinack (now written Mackinac, or Mackinaw),
60 
IIISTORY OF  [IICHIGAN.
was one of the oldest forts erected. Its foundation was laid
in the year 1671, by Father Marquette, who induced a party
of Hurons to make a settlement at that place, as a nucleus
for a future colony. At that period, no permanent settlement
had been made at Detroit, as the French had a more direct
and safer route to the upper lakes, from Montreal to Michilimackinac, through the Ottawas or Grand River.  The post of
Detroit was regarded alike by the French and English, as a
valuable point, and both nations were  considering measures
for its acquisition. A grand council was called which convened at Montreal, and was composed of chiefs of the various
tribes, from the St. Lawrence to the Mississippi, the Governorgeneral of Canada, and the most prominent siegneurs of
the country. This council is described by French historians,
as the most numerous and imposing assemblage ever collected
around one council fire.  In the month of June, 1701, Mons.
Antoine de la Motte Cadillac, under a commission from Louis
XIV., left Montreal in company with a hundred menii and a
Jesuit missionary, with all thlle necessary means for the establishment of a colony, and reached Detroit in the month of
July.
"Here, then, commences the history of Detroit, and with it
the history of the Peninsula of Michigan.  How numerous
and diversified are the incidents compressed within the period
of its existence!  No place in the United States presents such
a series of events, interesting in themselves, and permanently
affecting, as they occurred, its progress and prosperity. Five
times its flag has changed, three different sovereignties have
claimed its allegiance, and since it has been held by the
United States, its government has been thirice transferred;
61 
HISTOR' OJF MICHIGAiV.
twice it has been besieged by the Indians, once captured in
war, and once burned to the ground."*
On the 13thi of September, 1759, a battle occurred between
the French under Gen. Mfontcalm and the British army
under Gen. Wolfe, on the banks of the St. Lawrence, resulting in the defeat of the former, and the capitulation of
Quebec on the 18th, to Gen. Murray, who was successor in
command to Gen. Wolfe, who fell in the engagement; and on
the 8thl of September, 1760, the French surrendered to the
crown of England, D)etroit, Michilimackinac, and all other
places within the government of Canada then remaining in
the possession of France.  This action was ratified by the
'-Treaty of Paris," February 10th, 1763.
In the year 1772 silver was discovered upon the shore of
Lake Huron by a Russian nanmed Norburg.
In 1773 a project was commenced for working the copper
mines of Lake Superior, and a company was formed for that
purpose, under a charter granted in England.
The struggle for independence under the American Revolution was enacted without the bounds of Michigan. The people of Canada, within which Michigan was then included,
were removed from the immediate causes of the war. The
result of the Revolution was the recognition of our independence.
"By the'treaty of peace' made at Versailles in 1783,
between Great Britain and the United States, it was claimed
that Michigan was within American bounds, but minor questions sprung up between the two governments, producing
mutual dissatisfaction; and when President Washington sent
*Cass' discourse.
162 
IIISTORY OF,MICHIGA-.LV
Baron Steuben to Quebec, to make arrangements for the transfer of the Northwestern forts, he was informed by Sir Frederick ialdimand that the surrender of the forts would not take
place at that time, and was refused passports to Niagara and
Detroit." *
By an ordinance of the Congress of the United States,
passed July 13th, 1787, the whole of the territory of the
United States lying northwest of the Ohio river, though still
occupied  by the British, was organized as the "Northwest
Territory," of which Gen. Arthur St. Clair was appointed
Governor.
The  ordinance  of 1787  provides  that there  shall  be
appointed, from time to time, by Congress, a Governor, a
Secretary, and three Judges, who shonld be residents and freeholders within the territory.  It further provides that the
territory should be divided into not less than three, nor more
than five States, and that "there shall be neither slavery nor
involutntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in
the punishment of crimes."
In pursuance of the treaty of November 19thi, 1794, Captain Porter, in the beginning of June, 1796, with a detachment of American troops, took possession of Detroit, entered
the fort, which the British had previously evacuated, and
flung to the breeze the first American flag that ever floated
over the soil of the Peninsula State.
By an act of Congress, approved May 7th, 1800, the territory northwest of the Ohio River, was divided into two separate territories, and "all that part of the territory of the
United States, northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the
* Sheldon's Early History of Michigan.
63 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
westward of a line beginning at the Ohio, opposite to the
mouthl of the Kentuckv River, and running thence to For
Recovery, and thence north until it shall intersect the territorial line between  the United States and Canada," was
constituted a separate territory, to be called the "Indiana
Territory," the seat of government of which was established
at Saint Vincennes, Chilicothe being the seat of government
of the Northwest Territory.   Of this Territory  (Indiana),
General William Henry Harrison was appointed Governor.
By an act of Congress, approved January 11, 1805, it was
provided, "that from and after the thirtieth day of June of
that year, all that part of Indiana Territory, which lies north
of a line drawn east from the southerly bend, or extreme, of
Lake Michigan, until it shall intersect Lake Erie, and east
of a line drawn from the said southerly bend, through the
middle of said lake to its northern extremity, and thence due
north to the northern boundary of the United States, shall
constitute a separate Territory, and be called Michigan."
The act further provides that the Territory shall have the
same form of government as provided by the ordinance of
1787, that the Governor, Secretary, and Judges shall be
appointed by the President of the United States, and that
Detroit shall be the seat of government.
On July 1,1805, General William Hull, the newly appointed
Governor, assumed the duties of his office at Detroit. On
the 11th of June previous, Detroit had been destroyed by fire.
Like most of the,frontier settlements, it had been compressed
within a very small compass,-the streets scarcely exceeding
the breadth of common alleys.   Gen. HuIll at once turned
his attention to the subject, and laid out the town in its pre
64 
HISTOR Y OF M'ICHIGAN.
sent shape, the arrangement of which is attributed to JuLdge
Woodward, one of the pioneers of the Territorial Court.
On the 18th of June, 1812, war was declared by Congress
against Great Britain.   Previous to, and in anticipation of
the declaration of war, Genleral William Hull, Governors of
Michigan Territory, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of
all the forces of the Northwest.
On the 9th of July, Gen. Hull received orders firom the
Secretary of War, to proceed with his army and take possession of Malden; (which was the key to that portion of the
British provinces), if consistent with the safety of his posts.
The garrison was weak, and seemed an easy conquest. Having arranged for the expedition, Gen. Hull crossed the Detroit
river on the 19th day of July, and encamped at Sandwicllh,
where the army remained in a state of inactivity for nearly a
month, when, intimidated by the hostile manifestations of
the Indians, and the report that a large British force would
soon arrive at Malden, without having made an attack, he
recrossed the river to Detroit, on the 9th of August, where he
remained until, the 15th, the dlay of his inglorious surrender.
A provisional government was established by the British, at7
Detroit, and a small force placed in'the Fort.  On the 10th
of September, 1813, the victory of Commodore Perry, in the
Battle of Lake Erie, resulted in restoring Michigan to the
Union, and  on the 29tlh of the same month Detroit was
occupied by a detachment of the army of Gen. Harrison.
On October 9th, 1813, Col. Lewis Cass, who had rendered
essential service to the Territory, was appointed Governor of
Michigan.  Congress, in the year 1823, by an act providing
for the establishment of a Legislative Council, invested the
9
.65 
IHISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
Territory with a more energetic and compact government.
The Council was to consist of nine members, to be appointed
by the President of the United States, with the consent of the
Senate, from eighteen candidates elected by the people of the
Territorv.  They, with the Governor, were invested with the
same powers which had been granted by the ordinance of 1787
to the government of the Northwest Territory. By that act
the legislative power of the Governor and Judges was taken
away, the term of judicial office was limnited to four years,
and eligibility to office required the same qualifications as the
right of suffrage.  The first Legislative Council of Michigan
convened on the 7th of June, 1824, at Detroit.
In 1831, Gen. Cass having been appointed Secretary of War,
he was succeeded by George B. Porter in the government of
the Territory.  During his administration, Wisconsin, which
had before been annexed to Michigan, was erected into a
separate Territory.
On the 6th of July, 1834, Governor Porter died, and was
succeeded by Stevens T. Mason.
In the spring of 1835, a controversy arose in regard to the
boundary line between Michigan and Ohio, and the right to
a valuable strip of land, to which both laid claim; the former
under the provisions of the Ordinance of 1787, and the latter
under a provision in their State Constitution. Each party
sent a military force to the frontier,-the one to sustain, and
the other to extend jurisdiction over the territory in dispute.
A high state of excited public feeling existed, but the most
serious inconvenience suffered by either party was the apprehension and temporary imprisonment of a few persons. By
an act of Congress, passed June 15th, 1836, the Constitution
66 
HISTORY OF M.CHIGACICA
and State Government of Michigan were accepted, and upon
condition of accepting the boundary claimed by Ohio, she was
admitted into the Union.  These terms were exceedingly
unsatisfactory to the people of Michigan, who welre impatiently awaiting recognition as a State government, having
elected their State officers in the month of October of the previous year.  A convention held at Ann Arbor on the 14th
and 15th of December, 1836, resolved to accept the condition
imposed in the proposition of Congress, at the same time
protesting against the right of Congress, under the constitiution, to require this preliminary assent as a condition of admission into the Union.
By act of Congress, approved January 26th, 1837, Michigan
was declared " to be one of the United States, and admitted
into the Union on an equal footing with the original States,
in all respects whatever."
By an act of the Legislature, approved MAarch 16th, 1847,
the seat of government  was removed  from  Detroit  to
Lansing.
The Constitution adopted by Michigan in 1835, and under
which her existence as a State comnmenced, continued in force
until January first, 1851, at which time the Constitution
reported by the Convention of 1850, and ratified by the people, at the general election in that year, went into effect, and
continues to the present time, as the Constitution of the
State.
The Legislature of 1873, by a Joint Resolution approved
April 24th, provided for the appointment by the Governor, of
a Commission, to consist of two persons from each Congressional District in the State, in all, eighteen members, for the
67 
, HITSTORY OF MICHIGAY.
purpose of revising the Constitution, and reporting to the
Legislature, at its next session, "such amendments, or such
revision to the Constitution, as in their judgment may be
necessary for the best interests of the State and the people."
The Governor appointed the following named persons to
constitute the Commission:
1st District-AsHLEY POND,..... Detroit.
ELIJAH W. MEDDAUGH,..   Detroit.
2d District-EDWIN WILLITS,.... Monroe.
SULLIVAN M. CUTcHEo,..  Ypsilanti.
3d District-CEARLES UPsoX,...    Coldwater.
IsAAC M. CRANE,..   Eaton Rapids.
4th District-HEzEKIAH G. WELLS,..   Kalamazoo.
HENRY H. RILEY,... Constantine.
.'th District-SOLOMow  L. WITHEY,.. Grand Rapids.
LYMAxN G. MAsoN,*..           Muskegon.
6th District-IRA D. CROUSE,.... Hartland.
LYSANDER WOODWARD,..   Rocheste.
,th District-JOHe  DIVINE,.... Lexington.
EDWIN W. GIDDIxGS,... Romeo.
8th District-DAVID H. JEROME,...  Saginaw.
HERSCHEL IH. HATCH,..    Bay City.
9th District-SETH C. MOFFATT,        N..   Northport.
JAMES R. DEVEREAUX,..   Marquette.
The Commission convened in the Senate Chamber at the
city of Lansing, on Wednesday, August 27th, and organized
by the election of Sullivan  M. Cutcheon Chairman, and
Henry S. Clubb Secretary.  At the time of closing this history, it is still in session.
* Resigned, and succeeded by WILLIAM M-. FERRY of Grand Haven.
'68 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN.
MICHIGAN DURING THE REBELLION.
On the 12th of April, 1861, the news was received in Michigan, that civil war had been inaugurated, by the rebels, at
Charlestonl, South Carolina, firing upon Fort Sumpter.  On
the following day a meeting was held in Detroit, at which
resolutions were adopted, repudiating the Rebellion, and
pledging this community to "stand by the Government to
the last." By the following Monday (April 15th), when the
surrender of the South Carolina fortress was known throughout the land, and the call of the President of the United
States for 75,000 volunteers had been received, the entire
State was alive to the emergencies and duties of the hour,
and the uprising of her people was universal. Public meetings were held in the principal cities and towns; pledges of
assistance to the nation in its hour of peril were made, and
volunteering commenced vigorously.
On April 16th, Governor Blair arrived at Detroit and consulted With a number of citizens. The State had been called
upon to furnish immediately, to the General Government,
one Infantry Regiment, fully armed, clothed, and equipped.
During the same day a proclamation was issued by the Governor, calling for ten companies of volunteers. On April 23d
the Governor issued a proclamation, convening the Legislature in extra session on May 7th.
On April 24th, the Adjutant-General issued an order, organizing the First Regiment of Infantry, and appointing its field
officers. The rendezvous was fixed at Fort Wayne, and the
69 
HiISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
various companies ordered to assemble there immediately.
The  "Coldwater  Battery"  was  authorized, and rapidly
recruited. On the 2d of May the companies of the First Regiment were mustered into service, and three other regiments
had been formed.  The Legislature convened on the 7th, and
within four days authorized a war loan of one million dollars,
and empowered the Governor to raise tenl regiments.
On May 13th, the First Regiment left for the seat of war,
fully armed and eq(uipped; the organization of regiments,
authorized by the Legislature, was rapidly pushed forward, and
the requisitions for men promptly met. In January, 1862,
the Legislature was again convened in extra session, and the
following Joint Resolution was adopted:
"WEREAS, The  Government of the  United States is
engaged in putting down a causeless and wicked rebellion
against its authority and sovereignty, inaugurated by ambitious men to obtain political power,-a Government, the safety
and perpetuity of which must ever rest upon the loyalty of
its citizens, and an adherence to the Constitution;
B"AND WHEREAAS, The welfare of mankind, and the usefulness and power of the nation, are involved in the events and
issues of the present conflict; therefore, be it
" Resolved, That Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Federal Government, re-affirms her undying hostility to traitors,
her abiding love for freedom, and her confidence in the
wisdom and patriotism of the National Administration.
"Resolved, That the people of Michigan deem it the imperative duty of the Government to speedily put down all insurrection against its authority and sovereignty, by the use of
every Constitutional means, and by the employment of every
70 
IIISTORY OF MICHIGA~Y'.
energy it possesses; that Michigan stands firm in her determination to sustain, by men and treasure, the Constitution
and the Union, and claims that the burden of loyal men
should be lightened as far as possible, by confiscating, to the
largest extent, the property of all insurrectionists; and that
as between the institution of slavery and the maintenance of
the Federal Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say,
that in such emergency, slavery should be swept from the
land, and our country maintained."
How truly the sentiment of the people of Michigan was set
forth by their representatives in the State Legislature, the
future success in furnishing men aindmoney for the defense
of the nation's honor, will abundantly testify.
From April, 1861, to April, 1865, the entire period of the
war, the number of men enlisted and drafted, exclusive of
men who enlisted in regiments of other States, as shown by
records of the Quartermaster General, was.. 92,729
Deducting from this aggregate the number of men
Shows the number actual,ly furnished and credited to
the State......... 90,747
When it is remembered that the entire population of Michigan in 1864 was 803,745, and that 90,747 able-bodied men
took up arms in defense of the Union, the State may well be
proud of the record.  No other State in the Union has given
to the defense of the nation a more patriotic, intelligent, and
moral body of men than those who composed the Michigan
regiments; not taken from the worthless and idle of large
cities, but mostly from the good and industrious vocations
of life.
.71
1,982 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN..
The payments during the war by the Quartermaster-Gen?
era], for bounties, premiums for recruits, and other war purposes, amount to $2,784,408.00; the payments by counties,
cities, and townships for same purposes, amount to $10,173,336.79; the payments by counties for relief of soldiers' families amount to $3,591,248.12; making an aggregate of $16,548,992.91, besides liberal appropriations bv the State for the
relief of disabled and destitute soldiers.
CASUALTIES OF  THE  WAIt.
The State of Michigan, gratefully realizing and duly appreciating the noble sacrifice of life made by so many of her gallant sons upon the altar of their country's liberty, who fell
while bravely contending for our national life, and honoring
the State; desiring to perpetuate their memory by inscribing
their names upon a roll of imperishable honor, to pass into
the future as a bright and lasting record of their patriotism
and true  devotion to American  nationality and freedom,
worthy the highest and purest veneration of their fellowcountrymnen for all coming time; through her Legislature, by
a Joint Resolution, approved April 3d, 1869, caused -'he compilation upon parchment, under the direction of Gen. John
Robertson, Adjutant General, of a "Roll of Honor" of Michigan soldiers who fell in battle, or who died of wounds or of
disease.  This roll is deposited in the State Library, and contains the names of 357 commissioned officers, and 14,466;
enlisted men,-a total of 14,823 men,-who fell in defense of
their nation's honor, fiom the year 1861 to 1865.
72 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAC.
INSTITUTIONS OF THE STATE.
EDUCATIONAL.
The ordinance of Congress, passed in 1787, providing "for
the government of the Territory of the United States, northwest of the river Ohio," declared that " religion, morality, and
knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall
forever be encouraged."'
PRIMARY SCHIOOLS.
By the terms of an ordinance of Congress, adopted in 1785,
in regard to the disposal of lands in the western territory, it
was provided that section numbered sixteen of every township should be reserved for the maintenance of public schools
within such township.
The Legislative Council of the Territory, in 1827, provided
for the establishment of public schools in every township
containing fifty inhabitants or householders. The first Constitution of the State, adopted in 1835, declares in its article
"Education:"
"The Legislature shall encourage, by all suitable means,
thle promotion of intellectual, scientifical, and agricultural
improvement. The proceeds of all lands that have been or
hereafter may be granted by the United States to this State,
for the support of schools, which shall hereafter be sold or
disposed of, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest
10
73 
HIST'ORY OF MICHIGAN.
of which, together with the rents of all such unsold lands
shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of schools
throughout the State."
The same general provisions are retained in the present
Constitution, adopted in 1850.
The whole amount of primary school lands derived from
the reserve of the sixteenth section, and sold by the State, to
the close of the fiscal year, 1872, as shown by the records of
the State Land Office, is 619,864 56-100 acres, leaving 401,751
22-100 acres unsold, with about 50,000 acres yet to be selected
and placed at the disposition of the State Land Office, on
account of sales which had been made from sections numbered
sixteen, previous to the enactmnent by Congress of the ordinance dedicating these lands to the primary school fund.
During the past ten years the amount of primary school
interest, apportioned to the several counties in the month of
May in each year, has ranged from forty-five to fifty cents for
each child between the ages of five and twenty years. In
1864 the number of children was 272,607, and the amount
apportioned at fifty cents for each child $136,362.00. In 1873
the number of children was 400,062, and the amount apportioned was $196,176.80, being forty-nine cents for each child
between the ages of five and twenty years.
THE UNIVERSITY.
In the year 1817, when the administration of the territorial
government was vested in a Governor and Jtdges, an act was
adopted, providing for the establishment of the University of
Michigan.
The first State Legislation in this direction was an act of
the Legislature, approved March 18, 1837, entitled "An  act
74 
HISTORY OF MICHIGA-N.
to provide for the organization and government of tbh
versity of Michigan."'  The objects, as set forth in the
be "to provide the inhabitants of the State with the  n
acquiring a thorough knowledge of the various bra t
literature, science and the arts."  The act provides
government of the institution, and for its division i
departments, as follows, viz:
First, The department of literature, science, and t
Secondl, The department of law;
Third, The department of medicine.
By an act approved March 20, 1837, the Univesit
located in the village of Ann Arbor.
On September 20th, 1842, the collegiate departm
first opened, and a preparatory school was also ope
the reception of such as might wishl to qualify thel
to enter the University.
The Board of Regents in their report in January
announced the adoption of measures for the organizat
Medical Department, by constituting three profess
one each of Anatomy, Materia Medica, and Pharma
Medical Jurisprudence.  At this time the number of s
in the department of literature was 38.
The number of students in the University at the
the year 1872, is as follows:
Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts,.
Department of Medicine and Surgery,...
Department of Law,.....
. 476
357
. 331
1164
1
. 1163
Deduct for student counted in two departments.
Total number of students
75 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
Connected with the University are a central building, 347
feet in length, for the department of arts and sciences; buildings for the departments of law and medicine, a chemical
laboratory, and an astronomical observatory; besides buildings
for residences for the president and professors, the cost of all
of which was about $230,000.00.
The grounds occupied by the University are 44~ acres in
extent
The officers of the University, oni the first of January, 1873,
were as follows:
JAMES BURRILL ANGELL, LL. D.,.
BOARD OF REGENTS.
......    D. Detroit.
o E I...   Battle Creek.
oT..  Grand Rapids.
l. R.B.. Marquette.
in.J,.... Ypsilanti.
~... Coldwater.
l. I...    Ann Arbor.
n.C L....  Adrian.
HENRY D. BENNETT, Esq.,.
Hon. J. MI. WHEELER,.
HIon. D)A-NIEL B. BRICGS, M. A.,  Supt. of Public Instruction.
THE NORMAL SCHOOL.              me
re
The State Normal School is located at Ypsilanti,  was
established by an act of the Legislature approved March 28th,1849, and erected in 1851-2.
76
. Presiden t.
-BDWARD C. WALKE.R,
GEORGE -VVILLAPD,.
TiiOMAs D. GILBERT,
HIRA3i A. BURT,
JOSEPIE[ ESTABROOK,
JONAs H. McGOWAN,
CLIDIus B. GRANT
CH,IRLES RYNI),
I[IO'D.
Ho-E.
HOD.
1-I o B.
HOD.
HOD.
llon.
Hoii.
Secretary and Steward.
. Treasurer. 
HISTORY OF MICIIGIAN.
The number of students in attendance in the Normal
department, in the year 1872, was as follows:
Male,..........   120
Female,........   176
Total,......... 296
The grounds connected with the institution are five acres
in extent. The buildings, two in number, cost thirty thotusand dollars.
The School is under the management and direction of the
State Board of Education.  Rev. JOSEPH ESTABROOK, M. A.,
Principal.
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
The Agricultural College is located about three miles east
from the city of Lansing, in the township of Meridian; was
established by an act of the Legislature, approved February
12th, 1855, and was opened for the reception of students in
May, 1857. Connected with the College is a farm containing
about 676, acres, and embracing every variety of soil.  The
number of students in attendance on January 1st, 1873, was
as follows: Male, 127; female, 4; total, 131.
The value of the property, as ascertained by an inventory
on the 1st of December, 1872, is as follows:
Farm, 6761 acres,....... $47,320 00
Buildings,.......    116,500 00
Stock, farm implements, furniture, library, etc.,.   28,170 40
Total valuation,.....   $191,990 40
The college is under the supervision of the State Board of
Agriculture, which is composed of the following persons:
11 IV
i i 
HISTORY OF HICHIGAN.
Hon. HEZEKfAH G. WELLS, President,..
Hon. ORAMEL HOSFORD,...
Hon. J. WEBSTER CHILDS,...
Hon. GEORGE W. PHILLIPS,...
FRA:NKLIN WELLS, Esq.,....
A. S. DYCKMAN, Esq.,....
Hon. JOHN J. BAGLEY, Governor, ex oficio.
Hon. T. C. ABBOT, LL. DI., President College, es
WILLIALM H. MARSTOX, Secretary.
STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL.
The Legislature, in the session of 1869, passed a Joint Ressolutiou providing for the appointment by the Governor, of a
Commission, consisting of three persons, to examine into the
discipline and general management of the Penal, Reformatory, and Charitable Institutions of the State, and to report
plans and recommendations for their improvement. In the
examinations by the Commission, it was found that there were
contained in the poor-houses, a large number of children
of paupers and indigent people, whose condition was most
deplorable; and they recommended that some system of State
agency should be adopted to receive these children, and provide for their moral and mental improvement, and thereby
enable them to fill, in the future, positions of usefulness and
respectability. By an act of the Legislature, approved April
17, 1871, Commissioners were provided for, to be appointed
by the Governor, to locate the "State Public School," and
to construct the necessary buildings. The City of Coldwater
proposed to the Commissoners, in consideration of the School
being located at that city, a donation of a tract containing
'78
Kalamazoo.
. Olivet.
. Ypsilanti.
. Romeo.
Coiistantine.
South Haven. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
twenty-seven acres of land, valued at $5,000.00, and $25,000.00
in money. The proposal was accepted, and a contract entered
into to erect a main building, containing school rooms, offices,
reception rooms, dining room, laundry, kitchen, etc., besides
hospital and rooms for Superintendent; also, seven cottages,
each capable of accommodating thirty children. In addition
to the land donated by the City of Coldwater, nine acres have
been purchased by the State, making in all, a tract of thirtysix acres. The School will be ready for the reception of children, about the first of January, 1874.
The value of the land, and buildings when completed, will
be a little over $100,000.00.
The School is under the direction of the following Board of
Commissioners:
Hon. JOHN J. BAGLEY, President, ex officio.
Hon. CALEB D. RANDALL, Secretary and Treasurer.
Hon. CHARLES E. MICELEY.
Hon. JULIUS S. BARBER.
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
ASYLILM FOR THE INSANE.
The Asylum for the Insane is located in the village of Kalamazoo, and was established under an act of the Legislature,
approved April 3, 1848.  The erection of buildings was com
79
.0 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN.
menced in the year 1854, and the whole buildi
in 1869.
The erection of the "Asylumn Extension" was
the Legislature by an act approved April 12, 18
of building commenced during the same moit         t
and north wing are nearly completed, and the 
will probably be finished within a few months.
~ The Asylum was first opened for the recepti
ment of insane patients on August 29, 1859.
The number of patients under treatment on
1873, was 313, and the whole number since the o
Asylum 1,304.
The cost of buildings, land, fixtures, stock,
etc., was......
Payments on account of the asylum extension to
Jan. 1, 1873..... 
Total cost to Jan. 1,1873...    $54'
The Asylum is under the direction of the following
BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
LULTHER H. TRASK,..
CHARLES T. MITCHELL,.
WILLIAM A. TOMLINSON,.
JOSEPH GILMANN,..
JOSEPH A. BROWx, M.D.,.
EDWARD S. LACEY,..
RESIDENT OFFICERS.
E. 11. VAN DEUSEN, M. D.,.
GEORGE C. PALMER, M.D.,
80
2,614 27
9,460 75
Kalamazoo.
Hillsdale.
Kalamazoo.
Paw Paw.
Detroit.
Charlotte.
. Medical Superintendent.
Assistant Siiperi-ntende-nt. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
J...D.,.. Assistant Physician.
R)MH..,...   Assistant Physician.
H R......  Steward.
e. EP..... Chaplain.
F.W.C..REI. Treasurer.
THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF
THE BLIND.
This Institution is situated in the suburbs of the City of
Flint, in Genesee County.
The school was opened in the year 1854, in a private dwelling house in Flint.
The building was erected in 1857.
The farm and grounds connected with the Institution contain ninety-four acres of land. The building, and grounds
cost about $275,000.00.
On the 1st of January, 1873, there were in the Institution
27 blind pupils and 139 deaf mutes, makling a total of 166
pupils.
The management of the Institution on the 1st of July,
1873, was under the following named Board of Trustees:
Hon. CHARLES G. JoHNsoN,....   President.
Hon. WILLIAM L. SMITH,. Treasurer and Building Com'r.
Hon. IRVINWG D. HANSCOM,....    Secretary.
The resident officers are:
EGBERT L. BANGS, A. M.,..... Principal.
Mrs. S.C. M. CASE,..,.... Matron:'
Miss M. J. ADAMS,.....   Assistant Matron.
DANIEL S. CLARK, M. D.,.....    Physician.
JAnMES B. GIBSON.......   Steward.
11
8,i
J. -R ERsoN, iNf. D.,
HEwRy 3f. HLT.RD, 31.
IFIE.WRY MO.WTAGUE
P.ev. I)ANIEL PUTWAILR,
F. W. CURTENIUS,
AND DUMB, AND 
HISTORY OF MICHIGALY.
PENAL AND REFORMATORY INSTITU                       TIONS.
THE REFORM SCHIIOOL.
An act of the Legislature, approved February 10th, 1855,
provided for the establishment of a'; House of Correction for
Juvenile Offenders, at or near Lansing, in the County of
Ingham: Provided, That a suitable piece of land, of not less
than twenty acres, shall be donated for that purpose." A tract
comprising about thirty acres was donated by the citizens of
Lansing, and one hundred and ninety-five acres adjoining the
same were subsequently purchased by the State.
The building was first opened for the reception of inmates
on September 2, 1856. By an act of the Legislature, approved
February 12, 1859, the name of the institution was changed
to the Reform School.
The number of boys in the School on January 1, 1873, was
two hundred and seven.
The estimated cost of the buildings is $150,000.00.
The Reform School is under the direction of a "Board of
Control," consisting of the following named persons:
HIon. GEORGE W. LEE,......  Detroit.
Hlon. ELI IH. DAVIS,...     Lansing.
lion. DANIEL L. CROSSIAN,..                 Wil..  liamston.
OFFICERS.
Rev. CHARLES JOHSON,....  Superintendent.
JOHN N. FOSTER,.... Assistant Superintendent.
82 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAIV.
THE STATE PRISON.
The State Prison was established at Jackson, by an act of
the Legislature, approved March 3, 1838. The buildings and
prison wall cost the State about one hundred and sixty thousand dollars. An equal amount has been appropriated by the
Legislatures of 1871 and 1873 for the erection of a new main
central building, repairs of wings and wall, and other needed
improvements.
The whole number of convicts received since the opening
of the prison in 1838, is 4,425, of which number 2,941 have
been discharged by expiration of sentence, 550 have been pardoned, one hundred and twenty-four escaped, two hundred
died, and twenty-one discharged by reversal of sentence; leaving at the close of the fiscal year 1872, 589 convicts in the
prison, of which number six are females.
The grounds of the prison are about thirty acres in extent.
The prison is under the management of a board of inspectors, who hold office by appointment of the Governor; the
members of the present board are:
WILLIAM S. WILCOX,.....      Adrian.
LAFAYETTE W. LOVELL,....    Kalamazoo.
ALBERT A. BLISS,......    Jackson.
The officers of the prison are:
JOHN MORRIS,.......   Agent.
FRANKLIN S. CLARKE,......  Clerk.
83 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGA.T
THE SAULT STE. MARIE SHIP CANAL.
The United States, by an act of Congress, approved August
26, 1852, granted to the State of Michigan the right of way,
and a donation of seven hundred and fifty thousand acres of
the public lands, for the construction of a ship canal around
the falls of St. Mary. This proposition of Congress was
accepted by the State, and its conditions made obligatory by
an act of the Legislature, approved February 5, 1853.
This act provided for the construction of the canal, under
the direction of a board of five commissioners and an engineer, to be appointed by the Governor.  The work of construction was commenced in the month of June, 1853, and
completed on the 18th of June 1855, on which day the first
vessel passed through. The canal is one mile in length, having two locks, each three hundred and fifty feet long and
seventy feet wide, with a total lift of eighteen and a quarter
feet, and cost one million two hundred thousand dollars.
The tolls received for the passage of vessels through the
canal, from its opening in 1855 to the close of navigation in
the year 1872, amount to $430,542.86.
84 
HISTORY OF MICHIGA N.
POPULATION.
The population of Michigan, previous to its final relinquishment by Great Britain, and for a long period thereafter,
was inconsiderable, and mostly restricted to the confines of the
three principle settlements,-at Sault Ste. Marie, Mackinac,
and Detroit.  The first enumeration after Michigan became  a
distinct Territory, was in 1810, five years after the erection of
the Territory, at which time the number of inhabitants was
4,762. In the following ten years the population increased to
8,896, and  the results of subsequent enumerations  are as
follows:
YEAR.                                                POPULATION.
1830.........         31,639
1834..........   87,278
1840........           212,267
1850..........  397,654
1854........     509,374
1860.........         749,113
1864........      803,745
1870.........1,184,282
85 
HISTORY OF MICUHIGAN.
VALUATION OF TAXABLE
PROPERTY.
The Constitution of the State (Article XIX., Sec. 13),
requires the Legislature to provide for an equalization by a
State Board, in the year 1851, and every fifth year thereafter,
of assessments on all taxable property, except that paying
specific taxes.
Previous to the year 1851, State taxation was upon the
basis of equalization by the Boards of Supervisors of the
several counties.
The valuation as
equalized for various years, is as follows,
viz:
YEARS.
1838
1840
1845
1850
1851
1853
1856
1861
J866
1871
VALUATION.
.. $42,953,495.61
.  37,833,024.13
14..    28,922,097.59
29,384,270.66
15.. 30,9)76,270.18
120,362,474.35
~.. 137,663,009.00
172,055,808.89
~ 6.    307,965,842.9:
630,000,000.00,
*.....
86 
HISTORY OF MI6tI1GAN.
CAPITOL BUILDINGS.
Previous to the year 1823, when Congress provided for the
government of the Territory by a Legislative Council, no very
extensive provision was made or required for buildings for the
accommodation of the government.  In the year 1823 the
first State-house was erected at Detroit, for the District Court
of the United States and the Legislative Council of Michigan
. ~ ~ ~ ~    
Territory.
...
The edifice, ninety feet in length by sixty feet in width,
and surmounted by a dome one hundred and forty feet high,
was constructed of brick, in the Ionic order, having a front
portico supported by six columns, the entablature at the sides
supported by pilasters.
The corner-stone of this building was laid by the Grand
Lodge  of Masons  of Michigan  Territory-Grand Master
WHITNEY presiding-on September 22, 1823.  In 1870  the
board of education of the city of Detroit, in making some
alterations to the building,-whieh had been converted to
school purposes,-removed the corner-stone and opened the
box, the contents of which were presented to the State during
the session of the Legislature of 1871, and are now re-deposited in the corner-stone Of the new Capitol.
This building was occupied by the Territorial and State
Legislatures, until the removal of the seat of government to
Lansing, under an act of the Legislature, approved March 16,
1847.
The frame building situated upon block number 115, city
87 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
of Lansing, was ordered to be erected by the Legislature of
1847, by an act approved March 16th, and was first occupied
by the Legislature in 1848. The Legislature of 1865 ordered
an enlargement of the building, by the addition of sixteen
feet upon the south end. The cost of this building, exclusive of repairs, is as follows:
Under act of 1847,......   $10,503.51
Paid in 1848,........  8,038.22
Addition in 1865,......          3,971.29
Total........       $22,513.02
In 1853, the Legislature, by an act approved February 14,
provided for the erection of "a fire-proof building for the
State Offices," upon block number 249, known as Capitol
Square, and appropriated $10,000.00 for its construction.
The building was erected at a cost of $15,562.00, and soon
being found too small for the purpose required, the Legislature of 1863, by an act approved March 14, provided for its
enlargement. An addition was consequently made upon the
west side, at a cost of $6,482.00, making the cost of the building to that time, $22,044.00.
Governor HENRY P. BALDWIN, in his message to the Legisture on January 4, 1871, called the attention of that body to
the necessity for the erection of a new Capitol.
"The present State HIouse was built nearly twenlty-five
years ago, when the State was comparatively new, with a population about one-fourth as large as at the present time, and
with about one-twelfth of the present taxable valuation.
*    *      *     *           * *    *     *     *     *     *
"The present and growing incapacity of the State buildings,
the insecurity from fire of the public records and library, —a
88 
HISTORY OF MICHIGANN.
calamity likely  to result in irreparable  losses,Land  the
requirement of several years' time to complete the building
sufficiently for occupation, are, in my judgment, adequate
reasons why immediate action should be taken to erect a new
State House, with capacity sufficient for the proper accommodation of the Legislature and all of the State departments, and
commensurate with the present and prospective wants of the
State."
The recommendation of the Governor resulted in the passage of an act which was approved March 31, 1871, providing
"for the erection of a new State Capitol and a building for
the temporary use of the State offices.'"  The act provides for
the appointment by the Governor of three suitable persons, to
be known as the "Board of State Building Commissioners,"
the Governor to be ex officio the Chairman of the Board.
It was made the duty of the Board to procure the erection
of a building for the temporary use of the State offices, as the
fire-proof building, erected in 1853, occupied the centre of the
ground designed for the new Capitol, and must therefore be
removed.  For the Temporary Offices, the sum of thirty thousand dollars was appropriated.  A contract for the building
was entered into on the fifth day of June, and in the month of
November following it was completed and accepted. It was
occupied in the following month, and cost, including heating apparatus, $30,693.94. The building was constructed
with a view to its adaptation to business purposes, upon the
completion of the new Capitol, when it will no longer be
required for the use of the State.
In response to an advertisement of the Commissioners,
soliciting competitive designs for a new Capitol, twenty sets
12
89 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAY.
of drawings were received from architects of various-localities,
on December 28, 1871. After a careful examination of each,
the Board, on the twenty-fourth of January, 1872, adopted
the design of ELrJAU E. MYERS, Esq., an architect then residing at Springfield, Illinois, and entered into a contract with
him to act as architect and general superintendent of the work
until its completion. Mr. MYERS immediately removed his
residence to the city of Detroit, and engaged in the prepararation of specifications and detail drawings. On the fifteenth
of July the Board entered into a contract with Messrs. NEHEMIAH OSBURX & Co., builders, of Rochester, N. Y., and
Detroit, Mich., for the construction of the entire building.
At an extra session of the Legislature in March, 1872, the
cost of the building, with all expenses incident to its erection,
was limited to twelve hundred thousand dollars. The sum
agreed upon in the contract, is eleven hundred and forty-four
thousand fifty-seven dollars and twenty cents, leaving nearly
fifty-six thousand dollars to cover extras, salaries, and other
expenses.
The building will be of Palladian style of architecture,
which was adopted by the architect, as best suited to the
appearance of grandeur, required in a building of this class.
The outline is sufficiently broken to produce pleasing contrasts of light and shade; while the architect has studiously
observed the suggestions of the Commissioners, in avoiding
superfluous ornamentation, preserving solidity and compactness, and at the same time giving to each apartment an
abundance of light.
The arrangement of the various offices and departments
will be exceedingly convenient; special attention having been
90
i 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
given in this respect to the wants of the public, as well as to
the offices having business with each other.
The foundation walls to the earth line are of Lamont,
Illinois, limestone, in massive blocks, extending the entire
width of the wall, and underlaid with concrete to the depth
of three feet. The superstructure is to be of sandstone from
Amherst, Ohio, and the partition walls and backings to exterior walls will be of hard-burned brick. The girdlers, beams,
joists, roof, and dome, will be made exclusively of iron, of
which material all partitions will also be made, except where
constructed of masonry.  The sthirs throughout the building,
including steps, risers, hand-rails, balusters, and bearers, will
be exclusively of iron. The corridors, from the basement to
the top of the building, will be paved with marble and slate.
The most approved arrangements will be employed for ventilation, steam heating, and lighting by gas.  The  basement
story will contain an armory connected with the department
of the Quartermaster-General, and the remainder of the story
will be devoted at present to storage, although the rooms
being high, and well lighted and ventilated, will make excellent offices, should they be required at any tim- for that
purpose.
The first story, which will be twenty feet in height, will
contain offices and private apartments for the various State
officers and bureaus. Upon this floor will be a main corridor,
extending across the building from east to west, through the
rotunda, under the dome, and crossed at right angles by a
corridor three hundred and forty-five feet in length, extending from the north to the south entrance. The rotunda will
be paved with hexagon blocks of glass, six inches in diameter,
91 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN
and all inch and a half in thickness, supported by a frame of
iron, into which each piece will be closely fitted. From this
rotunda, which is forty-four and a half feet in diameter, the
interior of the dome, open to the height of one hundred and
seventy-five feet, may be seen, with galleries extending in it
from each of the stories above. Upon the second floor, at the
north end of the building, will be the Hall of Representatives,
occupying the height of two stories,-forty feet. This hall
will be seventy feet in width, by seventy-seven and a half in
length, with galleries upon the east, south, and west sides.
The south gallery will extend back twenty-two and a half
feet, making the upper portion of the room one hundred feet
in length. There will be no columns or other like obstructions in this hall. The ceiling, which is to be of embossed
colored plate glass, will be supported by the iron roof-trusses;
and the galleries will be supported by iron girders, entirely
hidden from view. The hall will be lighted by nine windows
on each side, four on the lower floor, and five on the upper,
and by a large sky-light in the roof, over the glass ceiling.
The gas-light will be reflected down through this ceiling.
The Senate Chamber,  at the south end of the building, will
correspond in all respects but size with the Representative
Hall, it being of the same width, but shorter by twelve feet.
Between the legislative halls, at the west front of the central portion of the building, will be the hall for the State
Library. This hall will be one hundred feet in length, forty
feet wide, and open to the top of the building, a height of
fifty feet, with galleries containing alcoves for the convenient
arrangement of books.
At the east front, upon the same floor, will be a suite of
92 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
rooms for the Governor and his Secretary.  Over the Governor's rooms, and upon the third floor, will be the Supreme Court
room, with rooms in close proximity for the accommodation
of the judges and attorneys, and offices of the Attorney General. The remainder of the second and third stories will be
devoted to committee rooms and other apartments required
for the Legislature. On either side of the rotunda, a grand
stairway rises from the basement to the fourth story; private
stairways being provided in other portions of the building as
convenience may require. An elevator, to be operated by
steam, will be situated in a central portion of the building.
The roof will be made of corrugated galvanized iron, constructed inl such a manner that no trouble will be occasioned
by the lodgment of snow or ice, and the necessity for repairs
cannot occur with frequency.  All the winvdows will be glazed
with polished English or Berlin plate glass,-one plate to
each sash.
The main pediment of the building, looking east, will contain an allegorical representation of the rise and progress of
Michigan, carved in bas relief.
The principal dimensions of the building are as follows:
Length, not including porticoes, 345 feet 2 inches; depth,.
191 feet 5 inches; height of lantern, 265 feet.
The time stipulated for the completion of the building is.
the 1st day of December, 1877.
93 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
CORNER-STONE COMMITTEE.
The Legislature of 1873, by a Joint Resolution, approved
April 24, provided for a public celebration upon the occasion
of laying the corner-stone of the new Capitol, and for the
appointment of a committee to provide for the appropriate
arrangements therefor.  The committee, by the terms of the
resolution, was to consist of the Governor, who should be its
chairman; the members of the Board of State Building Commissioners, and ten citizens of the State, to be appointed by
the Governor. The committee so appointed consists of the
"following persons:
JoHN J. BAGLEY, Chairmnan,...
EBENEZER O. GROSVENOR, Vice President,.
JAMES SHEARER,....
ALEXANDER CHAPOTON,...
DAVID ANDERSON,...
JoHN P. iHOYT,.....
WILLIAM I. WITINGTON,...
AUGUsTUS S. GAYLORD,...
ELLERY I. GARFIELD,...
JOHnN HI1BBARD,.....
LEONARD H. RANDALL,...
OLIVER L. SPAULDING,...
WILLIAM H. STONE,....
JOHN S. TOOKER,....
ALLEN L. BOURS, Secretary, Lansing.
94
. Detroit.
.  Jonesville.
. Bay City.
Detroit.
Bear Lake Mills.
. Vassar.
~.  Jackson.
Saginaw.
Detroit.
~ Port Huron.
~ Grand Rapids.
St. Johns.
Adrian.
. Lansing. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
THE CORNER-STONE.
The Board of State Building Commissioners was directed
by the Legislature to procure a suitable Corner-Stone, and to
cause the following inscriptions to be carved thereon, with
raised letters in sunk panels, viz.: On the east face "A. D.
1872" (being the year in which work upon the Capitol was
commenced), and upon the north face "A. D," and the year
in which the building shall be completed. From a number
of specimens of granite, from various localities, submitted for
their examination, the Commissioners made choice of that
from Concord, New Hampshire, as being the most beautiful
/   and appropriate for the use required.  A design for the Stone
was prepared by E. E. MYERS, Esq., the architect of the Cap  itol, and a contract for preparing it awarded to Messrs.
STRUTHERS & Sons, of Philadelphia.
ANTIQUITY OF THE CUSTOM.
The importance attached to the corner-stone is of very
great antiquity. In the Book of Job, believed to be the oldest literary production extant, the Great Architect and
Builder of the Universe is thus reported to have addressed
the patriarch:
"Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth?
Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who
hath stretched the line upon it? Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner-stone
thereof?"-Job, c. 38.
95 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
The importance of the corner-stone is further acknowledged
by the figurative and symbolical use for which it is often
employed.
It is recorded in the Book of Isaiah:
"Therefore thus saith the Lord God: Behold I lay in Zion
for a foundation, a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation."
In the 118th Psalm:
"The stone which the builders refused is become the head
stone in the corner."
The custom of laying the corner-stone with public demon
strations of great pomp and ceremony, is of very early origin.
The corner-stone of Westminster Abbey was laid on the
24th of June, 1502, by a lodge of Master Masons, at which
KING HENRY VII. presided in person as Grand Master, JOHN
ISLIP, Abbot  of Westminster, and Sir REGINALD BRAY,
Knight of the Garter, acting for the occasion as his Wardens.*
In the year 1607, the corner-stone of the Palace of Whitehall was laid "by KING JAMES  I., in presence of Grand
Master JoNEs, and his Wardens, WILLIAM HERBERT, Earl of
Pembroke, and NICHOLAS STONE, Esq., Master Masonl of
England, who were attended by many brethren, clothed in
form, and other eminent persons, who had been invited on
the occasion. The ceremony was conducted with great pomp
and splendor."*
In 1673 the corner-stone of St. Paul's Cathedral, London,
designed by Deputy WREN, was laid in solemn form by King
GEORGE I., attended by Grand Master RIVERS, his architects
and craftsmen, in presence of the nobility and gentry, the
lord mayor and aldermen, the bishops and clergy, etc.*
* Preston's Illustrations of Masonry
96 
IIISTORY OF MIHIG-AN.
The custom of making deposits in corner-stonez is of mrore
recent origin, though in very early times coins, medals, and
metallic plates, bearing appropriate inscriptions, and profiles
of reigning sovereigns and other dignitaries, were placed iii
the mortar, under the corner-stone; and the stone generallv
bore an inscription, show-ing the date and purpose for whichl
the building was erected.
In the corner-stone of the Exchange  Bulilding in Eclinburgh, which was laid September 13thl, 1753, three medals
were deposited in'cavities" in the corner-stone, made for the
purpose.  The stone also bore a Latin inscription on the side
upon -which it was laid.
The custom nlow extends to the depositing not only of coins
and medals, but of historical records and various memoranda
pertaining to the object for which the building is erected.
and showing tlhe condition of tlhe country, the State, and the
particular locality of the structure, at the time of its erection.
The corner-stone of the original edifice of the National
Capitol at Washington, was laid by GEORGE WASHINGTON,
President of the United States, on the eighteenth of September, 1793.  The building was first occupied by the Go,erlnment in 1800, during which year the public archives were
removed from Philadelphia.  The Capitol, together withl the
National Library, was fired by the British, iunder General
Ross, on the twventy-fourth of August, 1814, and entirely
destroyed.  On the anniversary of that day, four years later,
the corner-stone of the central building of the present Capitol
was laid, and the building was completedl in the year 1827.
13
97 
9S1T'OR Y OF MlIICi7GA-N.
THE STATE SEAL.
The Great Sea! of tlhe Statc of Michigain was presented by
the Hon. LEWIS CxASS to the Coinvention whichl framed the
first Constitution for tLhe State, in sessioni at the  city of
Detroit, on the 2d day of June, 1835, and on the 22d day of
the same month, the Convention adopted the following reso   ]ltion, offered by tlhe Ilon. Ross WILKINS:
"'Resolved, That the president of this Convention tender to
the Hon. LEwis (C.ASS, the thanks of this Convention, repre   senting the people of Michigan, for the hlandsome State seal
presented by him to the forthcoming State.'
The Latin motto on the seal, Si queris  )enifzsulaii aimee   ham, circuispice,-" If you wish to see a beautiful peninsula,
look around you,"-was doubtless suggested by the inscription
upon a tablet ia St. Paul's Cathedral, London, to the memory
of Sir CHRISTOPHER WREN, its renowned architect, Si qucris
i)onuzmenlm       a      cicuspce,-' If you wish  to sees
IM    h1+iL moni(ment, look 1lg you," —referring to the great
master-piece of architecture, by hi,m designecld, as the most
fittingl tribnte to his memory.
98 
IIHSTOR Y OF MICHIGA-V.  99
THE GOVERNORS OF MICHIGAN.
UNDER FRENCH DOMINION, 1622-1763.
SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN,.
M. DE MIONTM3AGNY,.
MJ. DE AILLEBOUT,..
M. DE LAUsoN,
M. DE LAUrsoN (son),.
M. DE AILLEBOU,T..
M. DE ARGENSON,. 
BARON DE AVANGOUR,.
M. DE MIESEY,..
M. DE COURCELLES,.
COUNT DE FRONTENAC,.
M'. DE LA BARRE,     
M[. DE NONVILLE,. 
COUNT DE FRONTENAC,.
M. DE CALLIERES.       
M. DE VAUDREUIL,..
M. DE BEAUHARNOIS,.
7-. DE GALISSONIERE,..
M. DE LA JONQUIERE,.
M. )U QUESNE,...
M. DE VATIDREUIL DE CAVNAC
UNDER BRITISH DOMINION, 1763-1796.
JAM3ES MURRAY,
GuY CKRLETON,,.
FREOERICK HALD13IA
GUY CARLETON,....... 1768-1777.
1629.-1635.
1636-1647.
1648-1650
1651-16,56.
1656-1657.
~ 1657-1658.
1658-1660.
1661-1663.
'1663-1665.
1665-1672.
1.672-1682.
1682-1685.
1685-1689.
1689-1698.
1699-1703.
1703-1725.
1726-1747.
1747-1749.
1749-1752.
1752-1755.
1 755-1.'7i63.
1763-1767.
1768-1777.
1777-1785.
~ *..-..                  -.! 
GEORGE B. PORTER,*.
STEVEx.s T. MIASON, ex oicio,
GOVERNORS OF STATE OF MICHIGAN.
STEVENS T. MASON,...
WILLIAM WOODBRIDGE,..
J. WRIGHT GORDON (acting),.
JoHN S. BARRY,...
ALPHIEUS FELCII,....
WILLIAM L. GREENLY (acting),
EPAPHRODITUS RANSO...
JOHN S. BARRY,...
ROBERT,{CCLELLAIND,...
ANDREW PARSONS (acting),.
KINSLEY S. BINGHAn,..
MAIOSES WISEiR,...
AUSTIN BLAIR,...
HENRY IHI. CRAPO,. 
HENRY P. BALDWIN,..
JoHN J. BAGLEY,     
* Died Jtly 6, 1314.
1831-1834.
. 1834-1835.
.835-1840.
1840-1841.
*.. 1841-1842.
~.    11843-1845.
~.. 1846-1847.
~   r    1847-1847.
... 1848-1849.
~.     1850-1851.
~.      1852-1853.
1853-1854.
~..   1855 —1858.
~.      1859-1860.
~..   1861-1864.
..       1865-1868.
~..    1869-1872.
..    <    1873
..'-...'
; --  *   f   
HISTOR Y OF.fICHIGAN.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
MARCII  4TH,  1873.
ULYSSES S. GRANT, of Illinois,
IIENRY WILSOX, of M1assachusetts,.                I
THE CABINET.
HIAMILTON FISH, New York,.
WNM. A. IICHARDSON, Massachnsett
WILLIAM W. BELKN-AP, Iowa,.
GEORGE M. ROBESOxN, New Jersey,
COLUM3BUS I)ELANO, Ohio, 
JOHN A. J. CRESWELL, Maryland,
GEORGE H. WILLIA3S, Oregon,.
THE SUPREMNIE COURT.
Chief Justice.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES.
NATHAN CLIFFORD,
NOAH t{. SWAYNE,
SAMUEL F. {IILmLEP,
DAVID DAVIS,.
STEPHEX J. FIELD,
WILLIAM STRONG,P
JOSEPE P. BRADLEY,
WARD HUNT,. 
* Vacant by the do,case of
appointed.
o01
Presidellt.
. Vice President.
~. Secretary of State.
ts, Sec'y of the Treasury.
Secretarv of War.
~ Secretary of the Navy.
Secretarv of the Interior.
Postrmaster General.
~ Attorney Gx-eneral.
Alaine.
.  Ohio.
Iowa.
. Illinois.
. California.
Peninsylvania.
New Jersey.
~ New York.
Sx.L3SCN P.  CHIASE  ir 187,3.
His  suces.sor not yet 
WESTERN DISTRICT.
SOLOMON L. WITHEY, Grlanid Rapids,
ISAAC H. PARRISHr, Grand Rapids,.
4.
JUDICIARY OF MICHIGAN.
SUPREME COURT.
ISAAC P. CHRISTIANCY, Chiief.Justice,
BENJAMIN F. GRAVES,...
THOMAS M. COOLEY,...
JAMES V. CAMPBELL,...
THE CIRCUIT COURTS.
1. ]DANIEL L. PRATT,...
2. IIENRY IH. COOLEDGE,...
3. JAREI PATCHIN,...
. Juidge.
'.      Clerk.
. 3Ionroe.
Battle Creek.
Ann Arbor.
. Detroit.
Hlillsdale.
Niles.
. Detroit. 
llS7'ORY  OF VMIUCIITGA 1
ALEXANDERt 1). CRANE,
GEORGE WOODRUFF,.
JA AMES S. DEWEY,.
JOSIAH TURNER,.
Louis S. LOVELL,.
CHARLES R. BROWN,.
JoHXN MIOORE,
I)DANIEL GOODW:IN,. 
JAMES O'GRADY,.
JONAxTHAN G. RAMISDEL
AUGUSTINE H. GIDDING
RICHMOND W. -IELENTD
EDWARD W. II-RoIS,
BIRNEY HOYT,..
SANFORD M'. GREEN,
UNITED STATES CONGRESS.
MIICHIGAN SENATORtS.
ZACHARIAH CHANDLER,
THOMAS W. FERRY,.
REPRESENTATIVES.
MosES W. FIELD, 1 st District,..
HENRY WALDRON, 2d District,           
GF,ORGE WILLARD, 3d District,.
103
4.
i5.
6.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
-4
115.
16.
17.
18.
~.I)ex ter.
~ f arsalla  1.
Ponitiac.
. ()wosso.
~.-    Ionia.
Kalanmaizoo.
Saginaw.
.  Detroit.
. Houghtoni.
Traverse City.
. Newaygo.
Centreville.
Port Huron.
Granid Rapids.
~ Bav City.
0.
~    Detroit.
Grand HIaven.
Detroit.
~Hillsdale.
~Battle Creek. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
JULIUS C. BURROws, 4th District,
WILDER I). FOSTER,* 5tb District,
JOSIAH W. BEGOLE, 6th District,
OMIAR D. COXGER, 7th District,.
NATIIAX B. BRADLEY, 8th District,
JAY A. HUBBELL, 9th District,.
*Deceased Sept. 20, S18.
104
. Kalama.,,oo.
Grand Rapids.
Flint.
Port Hu.ronl.
Bay City.
. Houlghton. 
HISTOR Y OF JIICHIGAN.   ~
MICHIGAN
STATE
MENT.
JANUARY 1, 187,.
JOHN J. BAGLEY, Governor,.....  Detroit.
HEN-RY H. IIOLT, Lieutenant Governor,..  Muskegon.
DANIEL STRIKER, Secretary of State,..         Hastings.
GILBERT M. HASTY, Deputy.
VICTORY P. COLLIER, State Treasurer,.    Battle Creek.
HENRY I). BARTHOLOMEW, DepuLty.
WILLIAM HU31PHREY, Auditor General,...  Adrian.
HUBERT R. PRATT, Deputy.
LEVERETT A. CLAPP, Corn. State Land Office,. Centreville.
OZRO A. BOWEN, Deputy.
DAKNIEL B. BRIGGS, Supt. Public Instruction,.. Romeo.
CORTLAND B. STEBBINS, Deputy.
BYRON D. BALL, Attorney General,..   Grand Rapids.
MINS. HARRIET A. TENNEY, State Librarian,.. Lanlsing.
SAMUEL IH. Row, Corn. of Insurance,...    Lansing.
HENRY N. LAWRENCE, Deputy.
STEPHEN S. COBB, Railroad Commissioner,.   Kalamazoo.
SAMUEL S. GARRIGUES, Salt Inspector,.   East Saginaw.
MA. H. ALT,ARDT, Commissioner of Immigration.
GuY H. CARLETON, Superintendent of St. Mary's Falls Ship
Canal, Sault Ste. Marie.
14
105
GOVERN 
ItISTORY OF MICIIIGAN-.
STATE BOARDS.
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION.
Saranac.
Jonesville.
Monroe.
STATE BOARD OF HIIEALTI.
IOMfER O. HITCHCOCK, 3A. D., 
ZENAS E. BLISS, M.D...
ROBERT C. KEDZIE, M~1. 1)., 
Rev. CHARLES H. BRIGHAAM,An
IHENRY F. LYSTER, M. D).,...
Rev. JOHN S. GOOD.MAN,.
IIENRY B. BAKER, IM.D., Secretary,
STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE.
IIEZEKIAH G. WELLS,...
ORAMEL HIOSFORD,...
J. WEBSTER CHILDS,...
GEORGE W. PHILLIPS,...
FRANKLIN WELLS,...
A. S. DYCKMAN,....
JOHN J. BAGLEY, Governor, E
Ex oficio.
T. C. ABBOT, Pres't of College, )
BOARD OF CONTROL FOR RAILROA)S.
DL... Detroit.
JN.B... Hludson.
* Deceased in 18'7.
106
I)ANIIEL E. B.RowN,*
WITTER T. BAXTER,
EDWARD DO-RSCI-1,
Kalamazoo.
Graind R,apids.
. LanSiDg.
. Aiin Arbor.
Detroit.
East Sagina",.
.  LanSiDg.
Kalamazoo.'
Olivet.
Ypsilanti.
Romeo.
COD,Qtanti-ne.
South Haven.
D. BETI-IUNE DUFFIELD,
JOH.N ]K. BOIES, 
{ENRxXY W. LORD,.....       Pontiac.
ZEBITLON R. BROCKWAY,...... Detroit.
ClA.RLES -I. CROS-WEILL, Secretary, Adrialn.
BOARD OF STATE SWAMP LAND ROAD COMMISSIONERS.
JOSEPH B. HAVILAXND,....   Aci(c.
DAVID J. EVANs,....   Bay City.
SAMUELJ H. SELDEN,..    Escanaba.
BOARD OF STATE BUILDING COMMISSION
Gov. JOHN J. BAGLEY, Chairman,...
EBENEZER 0. GROSVENOR, Vice President,..
JAM1ES SHEARER,......
ALEXANDER CIHAPOTON,......
ALLEN L. BOuRS, Secretary, Lansing.
BOARD OF FISII COMMISSIONERS.
GEORGE CLARK,.
GEORGE H. JEROME,...
IDetroit.
Jonesville.
Bay City.
Detroit.
Ecorse.
Niles. 
HIST'ORY OF MICHIGA-x.
BOARD OF STATE AUDITORS.
SECRETARY OF STATE,
STATE TREASUIRER,
COMMISSIONER OF THE STATE LAND OFFICE.
STATE BOARD OF EQUALIZATION.
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOl,
AUDITOR GENERAL,
SECRETARY OF STATE,
STATE TREASURER.
COMMISSIONER OF THIE STATE LAND OFFICE.
BOARD OF STATE CANVASSERS.
SECRETARY OF STATE,
STATE TREASURER,
COMM03ISSIONER OF THIE STATE LAND OFFICE.
BOARD FOR EXAMINATION OF CLAIMS GROWING OUT
OF SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS.
COMMISSIONER OF STATE LAND OFFICE,
STATE TREASURER,
ATTORNEY GENERAL.
BOARD OF CONTROL FOR RECLAMATION OF SWAMP
LIANDS.
GOVERNOR,
SECRETARY OF STATE,
AUDITOR GENERAL,
STATE TREASUREr,
ATTORNEY GENERAL,
COMM3ISSIONER OF STATE LAIAD OFFICE.
108 
HISTORY OF MICHIGA.2
BOARD OF CONTROL OF SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL, AND
OF THE PORTAGE LAKE AND LAKE SUPERIOR SHIP
CANAL.
GOVERNOR,
AUDITOR GENERAL,
STATE TREASURER.
BOARD OF FUND COMMISSIONERS.
STATE TREASURER,
AUDITOR GENERAL,
SECRETARY OF STATE.
BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
GOVERNOR,
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION,
PRESIDENT OF THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
BOARD OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.
STATE TREASUREIR,
SECRETARY OF STATE,
AUDITOR GENERAL.
BOARD TO TAKE CHARGE OF ESCHEATED PROPERTY
AND OTHER STATE ASSETS.
AUDITOR GENERAL,
STATE TREASURER,
SECRETtARY OF STATE.
BOARD FOR THE PURPOSE OF MIAKING REPAIRS AND
ADDITIONS TO THE STATE PRISON.
GOVERNOR,
INSPECTORS OF THE STATE PRISON.
109 
ItlSJTOR Y 0-1 MVICHIGAiN
BOARD OF COAIMMISSIONERS TO SELECT SITE AND CON  STRUCT AN ADDITIONAL ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE.
E. H. VAX- DEUSEX,... K...  alamazoo.
AMIOS RATHBUX,...... Grand Rapids.
GEORGE IlIXXAIHS,.....    SoUtl Havein.
BOARD  TO SELECT SITE AND  PROCURE PLANS FOR A
STATE  HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
Three persons, citizens of the State, to be appointed by the
GCovernor.
BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
JA.[ES B. ANGELL, LL. D., President e. officio.
EDW-, IRD C. WALKER,......   Detroit.
GEORGE WILLARD,...,. Battle Creek.
THOMAS D). GILBERT,.....  Grand Rapids.
HIRAM A. BURT,......    Marquette.
JOSEPH ESTABROOK,......  Ypsilanti.
JoNAs H. McGowAN,.....    Coldwater.
CLAUDIUS B. GRANT,.....           Ann Arbor.
CHARLES RYD),.......  Adrian.
OF  THE  STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL.
Go.JN.B,..D..  etroit.
CLB.ADL....    Coldwater.
C S.IL..... Adrian.
JULUS.B E....   Coldwater.
TIlE STATE REFORM SCHOOL.
GE E.L,.... Detroit.
,....    Williamston.
EL 1.D,.... Lansing.
1.10
BOARD OF CONTROL
Gov. JOHN J. BAGLEY,
CALEB D. RANDALL,
C'fARLES E. A/ICKLEY,
JULIUS S. BARER,.
BOARD OF CONTROL OF
GEORGE W. LEE,
DA-NIEL L. CROSSMAN,
ELI 1-1. DA-YIS,. 
HISTORY O0P -IICHIGlA.      N
BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR THE MICHIGAN ASYLUM FOR
THE INSANE.
LUTHER H. TRASK,..
CHARLES T. M1ITCHELL,
WILLIA3M A. TOMLINSON-,.
JOSEPH GILMA...
JOSEPH A. BROWN, M. I).,
EDWARD S. LACEY,.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MICHIGAN INSTITUTION
FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB, ANI)
THE BLIND.
CHARILES G. J'OHxNSOX,.
AVILLIAM L. SMITH,..
IRWING D. HAINSCOM,.
BOARD OF INSPECTORS OF THE STATE PRISON.
WILLIAMI S. WILCOX,
LAFAYETTE W. LOVEL,
ALBERT A. BLISS,
MILITARY OFFICERS OF THE STATE.
Governor JOHN J. BAGOIEY, Coinmander-in-Chief.
Gen. JOHN ROBERTSON,...    AdjuLtant General.
Gen. WILLIAM A. THROOP,.. Quartermaster General.
Gen. RUSSELL A. ALGEI,..    Irispector General.
ill
. Kalama,-,oo.
.. Hillsdale.
. Kalamazoo.
. Pa.w Paw.
. Detroit.
. Charlotte.
Monroe.
Fliin t.
Romeo.
Adrian.
Kalamazoo.
Jacksoii - 
IlSTORY OF MICHIGAN.
Mlaj. GEORGE IH. HOPKINS,. Sec'y to Commander-in-Chief.
iMaj. JOHN PULFORD,...  Judge Advocate.
.AIDS TO COMMANDER-IN-CHI]
Col. GROVER S. WORMER,....
Col. FRANK GORTON,..
Col. ROBERT BURNS,....
Co]. CHARLES Y. OSBURN,...
STATE MILITARY BOARD.
JEROME CROUL,.
CHARLES E. GRISSON,
MICHIGAN STATE LEGISLATURE-1874-2.
TIHE SENATE.
MVIORGAN BATES, President,..
LORENZO P. ALEXANDER,..
BYRON D). BALL,....
HOMER G. BARBER,...
JTOSIAH W. BEGOLE,...
THIEODORE G. BENNETT,..
ROBERT V. BRIGGS,...
JAMES P. C(AWLEY,...
ISAAC C[. CRAVATH,*.
Traverse City.
. Buchanan.
Grand Rapids.
.  Vermo nitville.
Flint.
. Jackson.
. Wyandotte.
.  Morenci.
Lansing.
ISAAC 141.~~~~ CRAATH. a., 1.    
* Died May 4, 1872.
it2
Detroit.
Sault Ste. Marie.
Kalamazoo-.
. Owosso.
. Detroit.
St. Johns.
4. 
HlISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
JOHnE C. DEXTER,. 
PHILIP H. EMERSON,.
MYLO L. GAY,....
GEORGE HANNAHS,..
GILBERT HATHEWAY,*.
BELA W. JENKS,...
EMMANUEL MANN,...
SETH C. MOFFATT,.
EDWARD G. MIORTON,.
JAMES Mi. NEASMITH,
LAYMAN B. PRICE,.
ABRAHAM C. PRUTZM3AN,
UZZIEL PUTNAM, Jr.,.
CALEB D. RANDALL,
JAMES W. ROMEYN,.
ALANSON SHELEY,.
FRANCIS B. STOCKBRIDGE,.
WILLIAM STODDARD,. 
WALES F. STORRS,. 
JOHN C. WATERBURY,. 
HARRISON H. WHEELER,
FRANK G. WHITE,...
WILLIAM S. WILCOX,.
ALFRED B. WOOD,.....
HENRY S. SLEEPER, Secretary, Gale r
HENRY SEYMOUR, Sergeant-at-Arms, Gra
* Died Oct. 26, 1871, and succeeded by 8EYMOUR BP.owNELL.
115
113
. Ionia.
. Battle Creek.
Ilowell.
. South Haven.
New Baltimore.
. St. Clair.
Ann Arbor.
. Northport.
~ Monroe.
. Kalamazoo.
. Lakeville.
T'hree Rivers.
. Pokagon.
Coldwatei-.
Detroi t.
. Detroit.
. Saugattick.
Litchfield.
Coopersville.
Lexington.
.WenLona.
. Calumet. 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN.
REPRESENTATIVES.
Speaker,.
Speaker,.  Paw Paw.
JHJAA,...   Tecumseh.
OSCAA,...... Flint.
A N.A,....  Spring Lake.
J N.A,.....Milford.
MAR S.A,....   Dansville.
RC.B Y....  Pompeii.
W M.BE.....  Au Gres.
W M. C Y..... Albion.
G E.BW.... Battle Creek.
AEN....    Kalamazoo.
WLIMN..... Three Oaks.
Johnstown.
AAONC,.....    Ypsilanti.
JOH,......Jackson.
ANRE C,.....  Leonidas.
LYANN...... Detroit.
JAMS.C,......Chelsea.
A.C.....   Decatur.
JOHN.C,...... Niles.
ARCHR.C,.....Blissfield.
.  Pinckney.
LW...    Dalton's Corners.
PHIODT,......   Eagle.
WILLAM.E,.....    Niles.
C S.F,...M..   ackinac.
..... Bear Lake Mills.
a Resigned and succeeded by ISAAC MAIRSTON.
114
HOUSE OF
JONATHAN J. -WOODMAN
JOHN J. ADAM,
OSCAiEt ADAMS,
ALLEN C. ADSIT,
JOHN L. ANDREWS,
-AIARcus M. ATWOOD,
Ho-RAcF, T. BARNABY,
WILLIAM R. BATES,'.
WILLIAM H. BROCKWAY,'
GEORGE I. BROWN,.
ALEXANDER CAMERON,
WILLIAM CHAMBElItLAIN,
IIIENRY P. CHERRY,
AARON CHILDS,
JOS]AUA CLEMENT,
ANDREW CLIMIE,
Lym,&N COCHRANE,
JAM-ES'iA. CONGDON,
ALEX&NDER B. COPLEY,
JOHN F. COUTLTER,
Aiitc][IER H. CRAI-IE,
GEORGE W. CROFOOT,
LAWRENCE DALTON,
PHILO DOTY,.
WILLIAM J. EDWARDS,
CII.,iRLEs B. FENTON,
RICHARD FERRIS, 
IIISTORY OF MICHIGA.-z1
ASA P. FERRY,.
AL:IOiN- B. FROST,.
SAMUEL IM. GARFIELD,.
WILLIAM D. GARRrSON,
JOirN GIBSON,..
GEORGE F. GILLA3M,.
CLAUDI US B. GRANT,
ROBERT J. GRANT,
PATRICK GOR1AN,.
EDGAri L. GRAY,
ORSON GREEN,
JOEN GREUSEL,
IRA PR. GROSVENOI,
BERI-ARD HAACK,
WILLIAM H[ARRIS,
ALVIN N. HART,
HARVEY HAYNES,
JOHN -HAYNES,.
JAMES E. HAYWOOI).
EZRA HAZEN,.
NICHOLAS R. HILL,
SA-MUEL W. HILL,
LAI B...    Ann Arbor.
R.G......   Hastings.
PATR R...Grafton.
ED R.G,....  Newaygo.
~ GREE... Geneva.
JH GE L,...Detroit.
RA. E...   Monroe.
ERA AA..... Blumrnfield.
WI A  AR.. Rockland.
A.   ART...  Lansing.
~IARVE  l E,.. Coldwater.
oE.... Midland City.
JM E A O..   Port Hope.
EZR A....    Memphis.
ICLS...  Cedar Springs.
SAMUEL W.... Ecl1e River.
CL~.   iHancock.
ER~ LT..   Muskegon.
JULIS      Grand Rapids.
WI M.  T. Detroit.
ERI ~..  Jonesville.
ROSSEL   B. Bellevue.
W L M...   South Haven.
AI.....    Vassar.
115
. Rockford.
Oakland.
G(-'rand Rapids.
Vernon.
.   Detroit.
Bronson.
CIIARLES E. HOLLAND,
HENRY H. HOLT,.
JULIUS HOUSEMAN,
WILLIA3 C. HOYT,.
HENRY HUFF,
ROSSELL B. HUGHES,
WILLIAM[ H. HURLBUT,
BENJAMIN W. HUSTON,
Jr.,. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
SHIVERICK KELLOGG,.
CORNELIUS KNAPP,
JACOB C. LAMB, 
JOHN LANDON,* ~
CHARLES D. LITTLE,
JAMES McGONEGAXL,
ELI R. MILLERS,
NORTON L. MILLER, 
RICHARD C. MILLER,
CHARLES R. MILLINGTON
JOSEPH T. S. MTN:E,
PRESTON MITCHELL, 
WILLIAM IH. C. MITCHEL
MARTIN V. 1MONTGOMERt
JAMES B. MIOSHIER,.
JASON B. NORRIS,
CHARLES Y. OSBURN,
JOHN M~. OSBORN,.
PERRY D. PEARL,.
ORLANDO R. PATTENGILL
JOHN I. PHILLIPS,t.
BENJAMIN PIERSON,.
SAMUELt POST,. 
DELIVERANCE S. PRIEST,
ALMOND B. RIFORD,
IHORACE D. ROOD,.
ALBERT K. ROOF,.
JOHN ROOST, I.
* Died March 18th, 1871, and succeeded by HiRAM C. Hi)DGE.
t Died Janury 8th, S1872, and succeeded by FREDERICK WALKER.
116
. Easton.
. Ronme Centre.
. Dryden.
~. Parma.
*.  Saginaw.
Detroit.
Richland.
[otnt Clemens.
Greenville.
Constantine.
St. Clair.
~ Marshall.
;Traverse Bav.
Eaton Rapids.
. Linden.
:anbria Mills.
~ wosso.
Hudson.
Belleville.
. Plymouth.
Pine Run.
Farmington.
Ypsilanti.
Romeo.
;enton Harbor.
Lapeer.
Lyons.
Holland. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
GILES Ross,....
IIRAM D. RUNYAN,...
FRANNK L. SMITH,...
JOHN J. SUM1NER,...
ALBERT P. SWINEFORD,...
SIMEON Al. THAYER,...
BRACEY TOBEY,..
ROW LAND S. VAN ScoY,..
JOHN WALKER,....R
JACOB WALTON,...
CHARLES W. WATKINS,..
ALANSON J. WEBSTER,..
FREDERICK L. WELLS,...
DARWIN 0. WHITE,...
JAMES A. WILLIAMS,...
NELSON B. JONES, Clerk, Lansing.
HENRY UNDERWOOD, Sergeant-at-Armns, Adrian.
MICHIGAN STATE LEGISLATURE-1873-4.
THE SENATE.
HENRY H. HOLT, President,.
DAVID ANDERSON,.
ADAM BEATTIE,
MARK S. BREWER,.
IRA H. BUTTERFIELD,
117
H Highland.
. Disco.
Jackson.
Lambertville.
. Marquette.
Minden.
. Sturgis.
MIaple Rapids.
.  Cooper.
Adrian.
. Wayland.
Pontiac.
Port Huron.
.  Southfield.
Quincy.
Muskegon.
Bear Lake Mills.
Ovi(l.
Pontiac.
.  Lapeer. 
HIENRY H. I:INDS,..
EDWIN B. ISHA'..
NATHAN G. KING,
JOHN N. MELLE,N,..
CHARLES E. MICKLEY,.
WILLIAM H. C. MITCHELL,
JONAS H. McGOWAN,.
JAMES M. NEASMIITH,.
ABRA.HAM C. PRUTZMAN,
DAVID 3. RICHARDSON,.
LEVI SPARKS,...
WILLIAM STODDARD,*..
JOHN J. SUMNER,..
WILLIA3M C. SUTTON,.
FREDRICK L. WELLS,.
WILLIAM B. WESSON,.
HARRISON II. WHEELER,
MARK D. WILBER,.
JAM[ES H. STONE,
WILLIA-M P. BURDICK,
Secretary, Kalamazoo.
Sergeant-at-Arms, Saginaw.
* Died 18,8.
atoln.
nnee.
klyn.
meo.
rlan.
Bay.
ater.
craft.
vers.
troit.
nau.
field.
ville.
born.
iroln.
troit.
1ona.
~gan. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
CHARLES Mi. CROSWELL, Speaker,...
FRANCIS ACKLEY,....
SULLIVAN ARMSTRONG,...
FREDERICK G. BAILEY,...
IRA  H. BARTHOLOMEW,...
,SAMUEL H. BLACKMAN,..
EVAN J. BONINE,......
THOMAS H:. BOTTOMLEY,.. 
EDWARD BREITUNG, 
-EDWARD L. BRIGGS,...
JOHN C. BRUNSON,...
JOHN L. BUELL,..
JAMES BURNS,...
HORACE H. CADY,..
,JAMES CAPLIS,...
JOHN CARTER,.....
MERRITT N. CHAFEY,....
WILLIAM CHIAMBERLAIN,...
ANDREW CLIMIE,....
THOMAS S. COBB,.....
FREDERICK W. COLLINS,....
PETER COOK,.....
~WILLIAM H. CURTIS,... 
DANIEL W. DIINTURFF,
WILLIAM DRAKE,... 
JOHNE F. DREW,.
tHENRY D. EDWARDS
EBEN EZER S. EGGLESTON,...
ISAAC A. FANCHER,....
119
. Adrian.
St. Charles.
Newaygo.
- Vernon.
Lansing.
Paw Paw.
.    Niles.
. Capac.
Negaunce.
Grand Rapids.
Victor.
Menominee.
. Detroit.
Mt. Clemens.
. Detroit.
Milford.
Manistee.
Three Oaks.
Leonidas.
Kalamazoo.
. Middleville.
Saline.
. Hanley.
IF'owlerville.
. Areboy.
Jackson.
. Detroit.
Grand Rapids.
. l[t. Pleasant. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAIY.
THOMAS A. FERGUSON,
CONRAD FEY,..
SAMUEL MI. GARFIELD,
JA.N W. GARVELINK,
ARTHUR D. GILMORE,.
LEVI N. GOODRICH,.
HiENRY GORDON,..
CLAUDIUS B. GRANT,
EDWARD H. GREEN,
JOrtN GREUSEL,
ROBERT A. HAIRE,
WILLIA~I HARRIS,
JAMES E. HAYWOOD,
CERISTIAN HE-ERTZLEPR,
ALEXANDER HEWITT,
RICHARD M. HOAR,.
ORCOTT V. HOSWE-R,
HENRY HOWARD,
JOHN P. HOYT,
SHIVERICK HELLOGO,
GEORGE KIPP,
ALONZO S. KNAPP,
JACOB C. LAMB,
GEORGE  LEWIS,.
JAMES K. LOCKWOOD,
CHARLES D. LucE, C
MATTHEW MARKEY,
ELI R. MILLER,
RIcIaRD C. MTLLER,
PRESTON MIITCHELL,.
...  Ann Arbor.
Cbarlevoix.
.  Detroit.
Spring Lake.
I..   Rockland.
Port Hlope.
.   Erie.
.  Hillsdale.
H. oughton.
Frankfort.
.  Port Huron.
JON P.    *T.   Caro.
I.  Ionia.
G.... Goodrich.
.  South Lyon.
Dryden.
.  Bay City.
Alpena.
..  Osseo.
Springwells.
.  Richland.
Greenville.
PR O  MI. Marshall.
120
.  Shernian.
E,,ist Saginaw.
Grand,Rapid,,z.
Graafscap.
.  Blissfield.
Concord.
. Flat Rock. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
. New Haven Centre.
MIICHAEL J. NOYES,.
THOMAS O'DELL,..
FAYETTE PARSONS,.
AARON PERRY,..
ONESIMUS O. PIERCE,
DELIVERANCE S. PRIEST,
LAWREN-CE T. REM3ER,E
JonH T. RICH,..
THOMAS C. RIPLEY,.
SOLON E. ROBINSON,.
ALEXANDER ROBERTSON,
ELIAS O. ROSE,..
RODOLPHUS SANDERSON,
WINFIELD SCOTT,.
WILLIAM SESSIONS,.
HENRY A. SHAW,
EMIERY H. SIMPSON, 
LEGRAND J. S3ITH,
JOHN J. SPEED,. 
GILBERT STRIKER,.
HENRY F. THOMAS,.
CHARLES C. THOMPSON,
C-EORGE W. VAN AKEN,
ROWLAND S. VAN SCOY,
ARNOLD WALKER,.
BENJAMIN WALKER,*.
FREDERICK WALKER,
JOHN WALKER,. 
LEVI WALKER,*..
* Died 1873.
16
121
CHARLES H. MORSE,
Chelsea.
..Williamsville.
Bu rr Oak.
.  Oaklaind.
Bedford.
Romeo.
East China.
Elba.
Saginaw.
. Marshall.
Pokagol.
Big Rapids.
Battle Creel-.
~.   Northville.
.  Ioniia.
.  Eaton lapids
~Hartford.
. Addison.
Detroit.
. Hastings.
~. Allegan.
Whitehall.
Coldwater.
Maple Rapids.
Leslie.
Perry.
Mount Morris.
Cooper.
Flint. 
llSTORY OP MICHIGAN.
JACOB WALTON,....
ASA K. WARREN,...
CHARLES W. WATKINS,...
ERWIN C. WATKINS,...
HENRY B. WELCH,.....
ERASTUS J. WELKER,...
THaO3MAS J. WEST,.....
AMOS R. WHEELER,.....
WILLIAM H. WITHINGTON,....
DANIEL WIXSON,...
ELISHA ZIMMERMAN,....
DANIEL L. CROSSMAN, Clerk, Willia
EDWARDi M. FITCH, Sergeaint-at-Arms,
122
Adrian.
. Olivet.
. Wayland.
Rockford.
. Monroe.
Kinderhook.
. Milburg.
Benona.
. Jackson.
~  Lexington.
~ Pontiac. 
HISTOR Y OF MICIIIGAN.
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIOD                      ICALS
PUBLISHED IN MICHIGAN IN 187,.
ALLEGAN COUNTY.
Allegan Journal, weekly,.
Allegan County Democrat, weekl
Lake Shore Commercial, weekly,
RepuLblic, weekly,...
News, weekly,...
ALPENA COUNTY.
Alpena County Pioneer, weekly,..
Alpena Argus, weekly,..
ANTRIM COUNTY.
Traverse Bay Progress, weekly,..
BARRY COUNTY.
Republican Banner, weekly,...
Home Journal, weekly,.,                      I
Barry County Republican, weekly,
BAY COUNTY.
Chronicle and Jolurnal, daily and weekly,
Tribune, daily and weekly,..
Zeittung, weekly,....
Wenona HIerald, weekly,...
Lumberman's Gazette, monthly,..
123
Allegar...
. Allegan.
. SaugatuIck.
Plainwell.
Waylaiid.
Alpeiia.,
. Alpena..
Elk Rapids.
. Hastings.
Hastings.
Aliddleville.
. Bay City.
Bay City.
. Bay City.
Wenona.
. Bay City. 
HiSTOR Y OF MICHIGAN.
BENZIE COUNTY.
Frankrort Weekly Express,....  Frankfort.
Benzie County Journal, weekly,.. Benzonia.
BERRIEN COUNTY.
Niles Republican, weekly,...
Niles Democrat, weekly,...
Berrien County Record, weekly,
St. Joseph Traveler, weekly,...
St. Joseph Herald, weekly,...
Benton Harbor Palladium, weekly,..
Mlichigan Teacher, monthly,..
BRANCH COUNTY.
Coldwater Republican, weekly,
Coldwater Reporter, weekly,.
Quincy Times, weekly,
Union City Register, weekly,.
Western Penman, monthly,
CALIHOUN COUNTY.
Battle Creek Journal, dailv and weekly,
Michigan Tribune, weekly,...
Review and Herald, weekly,..
Our Age, weekly,....
Marshall Statesman, weekly,..
Marshall Expounder, weekly,..
Albion Mirror, weekly,...
Albion Recorder, weekly,...
uIndex, weekly,....
Register, weekly,....
Health Reformer, monthly,
124
. Niles.
Niles.
. Buchanaiii.
St. Joseph.
. St. Joseph.
Benton Harbor.
. Niles.
. Coldwater.
Coldwater.
Quincy.
Union City.
.  Coldwater.
. Battle Creek.
Battle Creek.
. Battle Creek.
Battle Creek.
Marshall.
. Marshall.
.  Albioin.
Albion.
. Homer.
. Tekonsha.
Battle Creek. 
HISTORY OF.iICHIGAN.
Youth's Instructor, monthly,
Advent Tidings, monthly,
CASS COUNTY.
Cass County Republican, weekly,
National Democrat, weekly,..
The Vigilant, weekly,....
CHARLEVOIX COUNTY.
Charlevoix Sentine], weekly,..
CIIEBOYGAN COUNTY.
Cheboygan Weekly Independent,..
CLARE COUNTY.
The Register, weekly,...
CLINTON COUN'TY.
Clinton County Republican, weekly,
Clinton Independent, weekly,..
Ovid Register, weekly,...
DELTA COUNTY.
nl...  Escanaba.
EATON COUNTY,
Charlotte Republican, weekly,.
Democratic Leader, weekly,..
Bellevue Weekly Gazette,..
Eaton Rapids Journal, weekly,..
Grand Ledge Independent, weekly,
College Express, monthly,...
GENESEE COUNTY.
Flint Globe, weekly,.
Wolverine Citizen, weekly,
125
Battle Creek.
Battle Cree'k.
Dowaoiae.
Cassopolis.
. Cassopolis.
. Charlevoix.
Cheboygan.
Farwell.
St. Johns.
St,. Jobns.
Ovid.
Escanaba Tribune, weekly,
. Charlotte.      Charlotte.
. Bellevue.
Eaton Rapids.
. Grand Ledge.
. Olivet.
Flint.
.. Fliiit. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
Genesee Democrat, weekly,.
Fenton Gazette, weekly,.
Fenton Independent, weekly,
GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY.
Traverse Bay Eagle, weekly,
Grand Traverse Herald, weekly,.
GRATIOT COUNTY.
Gratiot County Journal, weekly,.
St. Louis Herald, weekly,...
IIILLSDALE COUNTY.
Jonesville Independent, weekly,.
Hillsdale Standard, weekly,.
Hillsdale Democrat, weekly,..
Hillsdale Business, weekly,.
Rough Notes, weekly,...
HOUGHTON COUNTY.
Portage Lake MIining Gazette, weekly,
Northwestern Mlining Jonrnal, weekly,
HUROW COUNTY.
Huron County News, weekly,.
INGHAM COUNTY.
Lansing State Republican, wee
Lansing Journal, weekly,
Ingham County News, weekly
Williamston Enterprise, weekl
Leslie iHerald, weekly,..
IONIA COUNTY.
Ionia Sentinel, weekly,
112 6
Flint..
. Fentonville.
Fentonville.
Traverse City.
Traverse City.
. Ithaca.
. St. Lou is.
. Jonesville.
Hillsdale.
. Hillsdale.
Hillsdale.
Reading.
Houghton.
Ila-ncook.
. Port Austin.
Lansing.
. LanSiDg.
Afasoin.
Williamston.
. Leslie.
Ionia. 
IIISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
lonia Standard, weekly,
Advertiser, weekly,...
Advertiser, weekly,..
Grand River Herald, weekly,.
IOSCO COUNTY.
Iosco County Gazette, weekly,
ISABELLA COUNTY.
Isabella County Enterprise, weekly,.
JACKSON COUNTY.
Jacksoni Citizen, daily and weekly,.
Jackson Patriot, daily and weekly,.
Concord News, weekly,...
KAtLAMAZOO COUNTY.
Kalamazoo Telegraph, daily andl weekly,
Kalamazoo Gazette, weekly,...
Schooleraft Despatch, weekly,..
Torchlight and Herald, fortnightly,.
Michigan Freemason, monthly,..
KENT COUNTY.
Grand Rapids Eagle, daily and weekly,
Grand Rapids Times, daily and weekly,.
Grand Rapids Democrat, daily and weekly,
Lowell Journal, weekly,....
Wolverine Clipper, weekly,...
Register, weekly,....
LAKE COUNTY.
Lake County Star, weekly,
127
. lonia.
Portland.
HtibbardstoD.
I uir.
Tawas City.
A,lt. Pleasaut.
Jacksoil.
. Jackson.
Concord.
. Kalamazoo.
Kalamazoo.
. Schoolcraft.
Kalamazoo.
. Kalamazoo.
Grand Rapids.
. Grand Rapidq.
Gra-Dd Rapids.
Lowell.
Cedar Spriings.
Rockford.
Cba,,,e. 
HISTOR Y OF MICHI GAYr
LAPEER COUNTY.
Weekly Clarion,....
Democrat, weekly,...
LEELANAW COUNTY.
Leelanaw Tribune, weekly,...
LENAWEE COUNTY.
Adrian Times and Expositor, daily and weekly,
Adrian Press, daily and weekly,...
Adrian Journal, weekly,...
Auzeiger (German), weekly,....
Hudson Post, weekly,....
Hudson Gazette, weekly,...
New Era, weekly,....
Raisin Valley Record, weekly,...
Tecumseh Heraid, weekly,...
LIVINGSTON COUNTY.
Livingston County Republican, weekly,
Livingston Democrat, weekly,...
Brighton Citizen, weekly,...
MIACOMB COUNTY.
Mit. Clemens Monitor, weekly,..
Mlt. Clemens Press, weekly,..
MAt. Clemens Reporter, weekly,..
MANISTEE COUNTY.
Mianistee Times, weekly,.
Manistee Standard,* weekly,
* Two weekly newspapers of this name are published at Manistee,-orc by FOwEE R
the other by HoFFmAN.
128
Lapeer.
. Lapeer.
. Northport.
AdriaD.
.  AdriaD.
Adrian.
. Adrian.
Hudson.
. Hudson.
imorenci.
TecLimseb.
. Tectims,-Ii.
Howell.
. Howell.
Briahtoii.
iNit. Clemens.
. NIL. Clemens.
',U                          -
- t. Clemens
Maiiistee.
inlanistee., 
HIS'ORY OF MICHIGAN.
MARQUETTE COUNTY.
Mining Journal, weekly,
MASON- CO UNTY.
Mason County Record, weekly,.
Ludington Weekly Appeal,..
MECOSTA COUNTY.
M-ecosta County Pioneer, weekly,
The Magnet, weekly,..
MENOMINEE COUNTY.
Menominee Herald, weekly,...
Lumberman and Miner, weekly,.
MIDLAND COUNTY.
Midland Independent, weekly,
Midland Times, weekly,.
MONROE COUNTY.
Monroe Commercial, weekly,
Monroe Monitor, weekly,
Dundee Enterprise, weekly,
3MONTCALMI COUNTY.
Montcalm Hlerald, weekly,.
Greenville Independent, weekly,
Greenville Democrat, weekly,
Howard Record, weekly,..
MUSKEGON COUNITY.
Muskegoni Chronicle, weekly,..
Muskegon News and Reporter, weekly,
Muskegon Gazette and Bulletin, weekly,
17
129
.,Nlarquette.
] —JudiDgLO11.
. Ludiiigton.
Big Rapids.
Big Rapids.
infeii omi iiee -
.Menominee.
Midland City.
Midland City.
. Mouroe.
Af ouroe.
Dundee.
Stanton.
Greenville.
.   Greeiaville.
. I-loward City.
iviuskegon.
lUuskegOD.
,,Uus'kegOD. 
HISTORY OF MICHIGAN.
Whitehall Forum, weekly,..
Michigan Lumberman, monthly,.
NEWAYGO COUNTY.
Newaygo Republican, weekly,
OAKLAND COUNTY.
Pontiac Gazette, weekly,,
Pontiac Bill Poster, weekly,
Holly Register, weekly,.
Milford Times, weekly,
Rochester Era, weekly,.
OCEANA COUNTY.
Pentwater News, weekly,...
Oceana Times, weekly,...
Qceana County Journal, weekly,..
ONTONAGON COUNTY.
Lake Superior 2MT/iner, weekly,..
OSCEOLA COUNTY.
Osceola Outline, weekly,.
Evart Review, weekly,.
Reed City Clarion, weekly,.
OTTAWA COUNTY.
Grand Haven Herald, weekly,
Grand Haven News, weekly,..
Independent, weekly,...
De Hope (Dutch), weekly,..
De Groudwet (Dutch), weekly,.
De iHollander (Dutch), weekly,
De Watcher (Dutch), semi-monthly,
130
. Whitehall.
' u
id skegon.
. Newaygo.
Pontiac.
Pontiac.
ilolly.
,Alilford.
Rochester.
Pelitwater.
. Pentwater.
Hart.
Ontonagoia,
Hersey.
Evart.
. Reed City.
. Grand Haven.
Grand Haven.
. Spring Lake.
Holland.
. Holland.
. Holland.
... Holland. 
HSTORF Y OF MICHIGA_...
SAGINAW COUNTY.
Saginaw Enterprise, daily and weekly,.
Saginaw Courier, daily and weekly,.
Saginaw Zeitung (German), weekly,..
Saginaw Republican, weekly,..
Saginawian, weekly,.....
Chesaninig Times, weekly,...
SAWILAC COUNTY.
Sanilac Jeffersonian, weekly,...
SHIAWASSEE COUNTY.
Shiawassee American, weekly,. 
Owosso Weekly Press,...
Owosso Crusader, weekly,...
ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Port Huron Times, daily and weekly,.
Port Huron Commercial, weekly,.
St. Clair Republican, weekly,..
Terra Firma, monthly,...
ST. JOSEPH COUX-TY.
Weekly Mercury,....
Sturgis Journal, weekly,...
Three Rivers Reporter, weekly,..
St- Joseph County Democrat, weekly,.
St. Joseph County Republican, weekly.
Mendonian, weekly,...
TUSCOLA COUNTY.
Tuscola Advertiser, weekly,...
Tuscola County Pioneer, weekly,..
131
.. East Saginaw.
East Saginaw.
East Sacinaw.
Sagi n aw, -
. Saginaw.
. Chesaning.
Lc,xiijgton.
Corunna.
0 wosso.
0 wosso.
Port HLirou.
Port Huron.
., St. Clair.
,Port Hrroii.
. Constantine.
Sturgis.
. Three Rivers.
Three Rivers.
. Centreville.
.            -1le-ndou.
I Caro.
Vass'ar. 
2HIqTORY OF MICHIGAN.
VAN, BUREN COUNTY.
Paw Paw Coutrier, weekly,...
True Northerner, weekly,...
Lawton Tribune, weekly,...
Van Buren Republican, weekly,
Hartford Day Spring, weekly,..
Weekly Journal,...
Breedsville Messenger, weekly,..
South Hlaven Sentinel, weekly,..
WASHTENAW COUNTY.
Ann Arbor Register, weekly,.
Michigan Argus, weekly,.
Peninsula Courier and Family
Chelsea Herald, weekly,.
Dexter Leader, weekly,..
Manchester Enterprise, weekly,
Saline Review, weekly,. 
Ypsilanti Commercial, weekly,
Ypsilanti Sentinal, weekly,.
The Chronicle (University), semi-monthly,.
WAYNE COUNTY.
Detroit Post, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly,
Detroit TribLune, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly,.
Detroit Free Press, daily, tri-weekly, and weekly,
Daily Union, daily and weekly,...
Daily Evening News, daily and weekly,.
Michigan Journal (German), daily and weekly,
MIichigan Volksblatt (German), daily and weekly,
Daily Abend Post (German), daily and weekly,
I la 2
. Paw Paw.
Paw Paw.
Lawtou.
- Decatur.
. Hartford.
. Bangor.
Breedsville.
. South Haveu.
Ann Arbor.
Ann Arbor.
Ann Arbor.
Chelsea.
Dexter.
Manchester.
Saline.
Ypsilanti.
Ypsilanti.
Ann Arbor.
Visitaiit, weelk-ly,
Detroit.
. Detroit.
Detroit.
. Detroit.
Detroit.
. Detroit.
Detroit.
. Detroit. 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN..
Commercial Advertiser and Michigan Home Journal,
weekly,........ Detroit.
Journal of Commerce, weekly,...             Detroit.
Mechanic and Inventor, weekly,.... Detroit.
Western Home Journal, weekly,....   Detroit.
Michigan Farmer,l; weekly,..... Detroit.
Mystic Star, monthly,......   Detroit.
Yankee Land, monthly,..... Detroit.
Review of Medicine, monthly,....   Detroit.
Peninsular Journal of Medicine, monthly,.. Detroit.
American Observer, monthly,...      Detroit.
Song Journal, monthly,...... Detroit.
Northville Record, weekly,..... Northville.
Wyandotte Enterprise, weekly,...  Wyandotte.
WEXFORD COU:NTY.
Wexford County Pioneer, weekly,
Clam Lake News, weekly,..
133
Sherman.
Clam Lake. 
HISTOR Y OF MICHIGAN.
COPIES OF DOCUMENTS
DEPOSITED IN THE CORNER-STONE OF THlE TERRITO
RIAL CAPITOL, ERECTED AT DETROIT IN 1823.
HISTORICAL MEMORANDA.
Canada was first taken possession of by the French in
1608.
Detroit became an important military post, garrisoned by
the French, in 1683, being one of an extended chain of
military posts established by the French in North America.
Withl other possessions of the French in this part of North
America, Detroit was surrendered by that power to the King
of Great Britain, by the Treaty of Paris, 1763.
By the Treaty of Peace, September 3d, 1783, it was recognized by the British Government as an integral part of the
United States of America.
And in pursuance of the Treaty of the 19th of November,
1794, it was taken possession of by General ANTHONY WAYNE,
in the name of the United States of America, July, 1796.
134 
i.  Junior Grand Warden,
J. ABT..    GGrand Treasurer
.. Grand Secretary.
.  Senior Grand Deacon.
. Junior Grand Deacon.
,.... Grand Marshal.
... Grand Marshal.
,...  Grand Chaplain.
OO...~.   Grand Tiler.
The following coins were contained ill the box:
DATE.
Silver $1.00,....                                     1798.
Silver 50c........  1818.
Silver 25c.........    1805.
Silver 10c.......... 1807.
Copper ic.........    1818.
Copper tc.........  1805.
Also a copy of the "Masonic Mirror and Symbolic Chart,"
"presented to Monroe Chapter No. 1, by Comp. J. L. WMHITING,
June 14tb, A. L. 5821."
THE END.
H. I. HUsNT,.
J. ABBATT,.
C. S. PAYE.
C. JACKSO.N,.
J. MfOORS,.
ROWLAND,.
WOODWORTH,.
FLETCCHER,.
SHERWOOD,