Fr QV! I a 't, / (" to t 5,'., A r *'. -.:. __. ~. ~ ', '', IIE(cEIVED IN EX<'IIANcI -IL....... So c... I 570 &.$.T AS I PUBLICATIONS OF THE MINNESOTA WAR RECORDS COMMISSION EDITED BY FRANKLIN F. HOLBROOK SECRETARY OF THE COMMISSION VOLUME II MINNESOTA IN THE WORLD WAR VOLUME I HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY RAINBOW DIVISION I MINNESOTA WAR RECORDS COMMISSION Ex Officio WALTER F. RHINOW, Vice Chairman. Adjutant General of Minnesota WILLIAM WATTS FOLWELL President of the Minnesota Historical Society GUY STANTON FORD. Chairman of the Department of History, University of Minnesota JAMES M. MCCONNELL. State Commissioner of Education MINNEAPOLIS MINNEAPOLIS MINNEAPOLIS. ST. PAUL Appointed by the Governor SOLON J. BUCK, Chairman Superintendent of the Minnesota Historical Society FRANK M. KAISERSATT. County Auditor, Rice County OSCAR J. LARSON Member of Congress GEORGE E. LEACH Mayor of Minneapolis; formerly Commander of the 151st Field Artillery HENRY W. LIBBY Formerly Secretary-Member of the Minnesota Commission of Public Safety MINNEAPOLIS FARIBAULT DULUTH MINNEAPOLIS WINONA FRANKLIN F. HOLBROOK, Secretary Headquarters: Room 1, Historical Building, St. Paul \ t 8? E 4I! k~~~~ I | Il li q t t l ltS R i '!1 1 I 4 llI J INE II MINNESOTA IN TIlE WORLD WAR VOLUME I HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY RAINBOW DIVISION BY LOUIS L. COLLINS LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF' MINNESOTA EDITED BY WAYNE E. STEVENS, PH.D. PUBLISHED BY TIIE MINNESOTA WAR RECORDS COMMISSION SAINT PAUL, 1924 6 -MCGILL-WARNER COMPANY SAINT PAUL TO THE MEMBERS OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, WHO MADE POSSIBLE AMERICA'S GREAT PART IN THE WORLD WAR - L.L.C. I MINNESOTA IN THE WORLD WAR Having published a history of Minnesota in the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection (April, 1923), in accordance with the provisions of the commission law as amended in chapter 496, Laws of 1921, the Minnesota War Records Commission now enters upon the fulfillment of its original task. This history of the 151st Field Artillery is the first volume of a comprehensive history of Minnesota in the World War, planned in accordance with the general provisions of the law and with the tacit approval of the legislature as to the precise scope and character of the proposed work. If present plans are adhered to, the completed series - about eight volumes in all - will cover all phases of Minnesota's participation in the war, including somewhat detailed accounts of the state's military contributions, whether in the form of organized units such as the 1st Field Artillery or of unorganized groups of volunteers and selective service men; equally comprehensive studies of the activities which were carried on by civilian war organizations at home; and a roster containing the names and brief records of all Minnesota service men and welfare workers. While plans for this work were still under consideration, the secretary of the commission learned that Lieutenant Governor Louis L. Collins, who served with the 151st Field Artillery in France, had written a history of that regiment which was still unpublished. At the suggestion of the secretary, the commission secured Mr. Collins' permission to publish this account of one of Minnesota's foremost military organizations as part of the projected state war history. The commission is under obligations to Mr. Collins, not only for the use of his manuscript, which was donated by him, but also for his continued co-operation in the work of preparing the narrative for the press. The original account has been revised and considerably expanded on the basis of material much of which was not available to the author at the time of writing; and certain addenda, principally documents and service records, have been supplied. ix x HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Dr. Wayne E. Stevens, who has edited this volume, was formerly an instructor in history at the University of Minnesota and is now an assistant professor of history at Dartmouth College. He served as first lieutenant in the army during the World War, having attended the first Reserve Officers' Training Camp at Fort Snelling, and in 1919, prior to his discharge from the army, he was attached to the Historical Branch of the War Plans Division of the General Staff, which was then engaged in gathering data and making plans for an official history of American participation in the World War. Later he was secretary of the War Records Section of the Illinois State Historical Library, which was carrying on a work similar to that undertaken in this state by the Minnesota War Records Commission. FRANKLIN F. HOLBROOK ST. PAUL, NOVEMBER, 1924. EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION It is generally assumed that a long period of time must elapse before it is proper to attempt the writing of a history of the World War. This point of view is perhaps justified with respect to some of the more general aspects of the struggle. Certain phases of war history, however, can best be treated at once, phases which involve the setting forth of facts rather than the weighing of motives and the pronouncing of judgments. There is no reason, for example, why the story of a particular military organization should not be written immediately after the events themselves have taken place; as a matter of fact, one of the most extensive and most important branches of the vast war literature which has already come into existence in every country deals with the history of individual military units varying in size and dignity from an entire army to a humble ambulance unit. And there is ample justification for the industry and enterprise which have been displayed in the publication of works of this character. In the case of our own country it will admittedly be many years before the war department can prepare a history of the American Expeditionary Forces of sufficient scope to recount in detail the achievements of the smaller component units. Historians are of course looking forward to the time when such a detailed, official record will be available, but meanwhile they recognize that there is a distinct place for the private and unofficial narratives which have already appeared and which are still coming from the press. In many instances these volumes contain valuable information based upon the personal observations and experiences of eyewitnesses and participants. It is essential that these impressions be recorded before they fade. Aside from their purely historical value, however, there is another aspect to consider. Those who participated in the great war value the memory of their service as a most cherished possession, shared, in numberless instances, by friends and relatives. Even if they had no other value, these histories of military units would be eminently worth xi xii HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY while as a means of encouraging and preserving a pride in achievement and a sense of loyalty to one's country. It is believed that the record of the 151st Field Artillery which is herewith presented to the public, not only possesses distinct historical value, but that it will also have a strong personal appeal for the veterans who fought with the organization during the World War and for their friends and relatives. The historian of the 151st Field Artillery has been fortunate in the task to which he has fallen heir. The regiment was a part of the Rainbow Division, one of the three or four outstanding American divisions and one which, because of its composite organization, perhaps most completely represented the spirit of the embattled nation. This history of the 151st may, in a sense, be regarded as typical of the story of the division as a whole, and in its pages the reader may even follow in broad outline the story of the major operations of the entire A. E. F. The present history begins by tracing briefly the origin and early history of the 1st Minnesota Field Artillery, which later, as part of the 42nd Division, became the 151st Field Artillery. Then follows the story of service upon the Mexican border, where the regiment served its apprenticeship to the stern trade of war. But the narrative of these events is really only introductory to what follows. Scarcely had the regiment returned from the border before orders to remobilize were issued, following the declaration of war and the call to arms in 1917. The 1st Minnesota Field Artillery was designated one of a number of specially selected national guard units from nearly all sections of the country which were ordered to be concentrated at Camp Mills, Long Island, and which were reorganized as the Rainbow Division. Then came the journey to France. The period of training in France included two phases, the first in special training camps and the second constituting a tour of duty in a sector of the front in Lorraine which was theoretically " quiet, " but which at times belied this adjective and afforded the men their first taste of battle. From the Lorraine sector the regiment, as a part of the 42nd Division, was sent to the Champagne front to assist in holding the line against the great drive which was destined to be Germany's last offensive effort of the war. The Champagne defensive was the first of four great major operations which involved the unit in four months of almost incessant fighting. From the Champagne the 151st moved westward and helped to EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION xiii push the Germans out of the Marne salient and back to the river Vesle. Hardly had its guns cooled when it was on its way to participate with the First American Army in reducing the St. Mihiel salient. Following St. Mihiel, the drive of the American forces northward through the Meuse-Argonne region required the services of every available man and gun. Here it was that the 151st helped to batter the way through the Kriemhilde Stellung, the last enemy bulwark protecting one of the most vital spots in the German communications in northern France. As the Kriemhilde Stellung collapsed, the American army surged forward in a mighty wave toward Sedan with the 42nd Division on the crest. Germany recognized her defeat and the armistice followed. But the service of the 151st Field Artillery was not yet ended. As a part of the Army of Occupation the regiment advanced into Germany, where it constituted a part of the military guaranty set up by the allies to ensure the fulfillment of the provisions of the armistice and the acceptance of the terms of peace. The narrative concludes with the story of the journey home and the demobilization of the regiment. It has been remarked that the author was fortunate in his theme. With equal truth it may be said that the 151st Field Artillery has been fortunate in its historian. Prior to the war Louis L. Collins was a newspaper writer employed on the staff of the Minneapolis Journal. In April, 1917, almost immediately upon the declaration of war, he resigned his position and departed for France, where he enrolled in the French army as a member of the Norton-Harjes Ambulance Corps, an organization composed of American volunteers. He remained with this unit until October, 1917, serving most of the time on that part of the front before St. Quentin in Picardy. In the hope of being permitted to serve with his friends from home, Mr. Collins returned to America in October to enlist in the 151st Field Artillery at Camp Mills, but to his chagrin he was passed on the seas by the organization he was hoping to join. He returned to France in January, 1918, and followed the 151st to the artillery training center at Camp Coetquidan, where he enlisted on February 17, 1918. Almost immediately the regiment left for the Lorraine front. From February 17, 1918, to September 1, Mr. Collins served with the regiment, at first with Battery B and later with Battery E. He shared in the fighting in the Lorraine sector, on the Champagne front, and in the drive north from Chateau-Thierry. During most of this time he served as runner and xiv HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY observer, and in his narrative are to be found descriptive passages which reveal his unusual facilities for observation. Mr. Collins began service as a private; on June 12, 1918, he was promoted to the grade of corporal. In September he entered the artillery school at Saumur, where he was when the armistice came. Following the armistice he returned to his regiment, where he remained during the occupation as a member of the Headquarters Company. It was during the period of the occupation that the plan of writing a history of the 151st Field Artillery had its inception. Colonel Leach and Corporal Collins were close friends; their fathers before them had been close friends and Civil War comrades. Both men were impressed by the fact that many years elapsed before there was any written record of the service which their fathers had rendered. They discussed the matter and decided that a history of their own regiment must be written while events were still fresh in mind and while the necessary records were available. Colonel Leach designated Corporal Collins for the task. The material upon which the following history is based has been derived largely from the personal observations and recollections of the author; from conversations with other participants in the operations described; and from official military records, some of which are now in the files of the war department and others in possession of Colonel Leach. Another extremely valuable source which has been freely drawn upon is the diary of Colonel Leach. For certain phases of the early history of the regiment, newspapers published in St. Paul and Minneapolis have been used in addition to official records and publications of the state adjutant general's office. M'any of the official military records mentioned have been included in the present volume in the form of a documentary appendix. In order to present to the reader a well-proportioned and intelligible narrative, it has been necessary to devote some space to events which do not relate directly to the regiment which is the subject of this history. To appreciate the significance of the operations of any unit, no matter how large or how small, it is necessary that the reader have for a background the general military situation which existed at the time. In describing the participation of the 151st in the major operations of 1918, an effort has been made to present such a background. Furthermore, in view of the fact that in modern warfare the r6le of EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION XV the field artillery is to support the infantry, it has been considered necessary to refer briefly to those infantry operations which were supported by the 151st and other divisional artillery units. The roster was compiled from official data furnished by the war department at Washington and is believed to be a reasonably complete and accurate list of all officers and men who at any time served in the 151st Field Artillery. The maps which accompany the narrative were prepared by First Lieutenant Charles C. King, regimental operations officer on the staff of Colonel Leach, with the assistance of Sergeant Paul Beinhorn. The photographs of scenes overseas were taken by the United States Signal Corps. Special acknowledgment is due to Colonel George E. Leach, who has permitted access to his personal papers and invaluable collection of military documents and has given freely of his time to read the manuscript of the narrative and to make suggestions relating thereto; to Lieutenant Colonel John H. McDonald, who has also made helpful suggestions; to Colonel Oliver L. Spaulding, Jr., chief of the historical section of the Army War College, through whose co-operation it has been possible to secure many of the documents which have been included; and to Adjutant General Walter F. Rhinow, who has furnished records which have been especially useful in the preparation of the early chapters of the narrative. Able assistance has been rendered by Miss Livia Appel in the editing of the narrative and in the preparation of the supplementary material; and by Mrs. Lillian C. Goodenow, in the compilation of the roster. WAYNE E. STEVENS rr, II I k I~ i i I CONTENTS T. EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT.. 1 II. ORDERED TO FRANCE....... 12 III. IN THE LORRAINE LINE....... 31 IV. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE..... 59 V. THE GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE..84 VI. ON TO THE VESLE........ 102 VII. THE REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT.. 115 VIII. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE..... 134 IX. ON THE RHINE......... 163 X. THE HOME-COMING........ 182 DOCUMENTS.......... 195 ROSTER........... 339 STATISTICAL SUMMARY.......407 INDEX........... 411 DOCUMENTS INTRODUCTION.......... 195 MOBILIZATION Special Orders, No. 41, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, April 7, 1917. Batteries D and E, 1st Field Artillery, called into state service......... 199 Special Orders, No. 43, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, April 9, 1917. Battery F, 1st Field Artillery, mustered in... 199 Special Orders, No. 44, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, April 10, 1917. Remainder of the 1st Field Artillery called into state service 199 Special Orders, No. 58, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, May 4, 1917. National guard units dismissed from state service.. 200 Special Orders, No. 59, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, May 7, 1917. Certain artillerymen retained in state service... 200 Special Orders, No. 66, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, May 16, 1917. Certain artillerymen retained in state service... 200 General Orders, No. 9, Adjutant General's Office, St. Paul, June 23, 1917. 1st Field Artillery called into federal service.. 201 Proclamation of the President, July 3, 1917. Additional units called into federal service and national guard drafted into federal service. United States, Statutes at Large, 40:1681... 201 JOURNEY TO FRANCE AND TRAINING Lecture by Captain Yates Stirling, Jr., to Officers aboard the U.S.S. President Lincolnr, October 25, 1917. Measures to be adopted in case of submarine attack. War Department.... 204 Memorandum for Regimental Commanders, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, aboard U.S.S. President Lincoln, October 27, 1917. Precautions to be observed upon entering the submarine zone. War Department........ 206 Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, to Commanding General, 42nd Division, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, aboard U.S.S. President Grant, October 31, 1917. Report upon the transatlantic journey of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade. War Department.......... 207 Memorandum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, January 6, 1918. Results of proficiency tests held in the brigade. War Department......... 209 THE LORRAINE SECTOR General Orders, No. 5, Headquarters 42nd Division, February 15, 1918. Directions for the movement to the Luneville sector. War Department......... 211 Training Program for the 2nd Battalion, 151st Field Artillery, February 24-March 7, 1918. War Department.... 212 Daily Intelligence Summary, 151st Field Artillery, March 3-23, 1918. War Department........ 213 xix xx HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Daily Intelligence Report, 151st Field Artillery, March 6-7, 1918. War Department......... 214 General Orders, No. 9, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 19, 1918. Directions for the concentration of the 42nd Division. War Department.......... 215 General Orders, No. 11, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 23, 1918. Suspension of the movement to the Rolampont area. War department.......... 217 Memorandum, Headquarters 7th French Army Corps, March 25, 1918. Description of the defensive attitude to be maintained. Leach Collection.......... 218 Operation Orders, No. 3, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, April 28, 1918. Directions for artillery participation in the raid on the Bois des Chiens. War Department.... 219 Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, to Commanding General, 42nd Division, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, May 8, 1918. Report on the operation of May 3, 1918, on the Bois des Chiens. 'War Department..... 221 Report of an Inspection of the 1st Battalion, 151st Field Artillery, on May 20, 1918, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, May 21, 1918. War Department...... 222 Report of an Inspection of the 2nd Battalion, 151st Field Artillery, on May 23, 1918, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, May 24, 1918. War Department....... 224 General Orders, No. 39, Headquarters 42nd Division, June 13, 1918. Directions for the relief of the 151st Field Artillery in the Baccarat sector. War Department...... 226 THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE General Orders, No. 41, Headquarters 42nd Division, June 20, 1918. Directions for the movement to the Champagne front. War Department......... 228 Preparatory Order for the Movement of the 42nd Division, Headquarters 21st French Army Corps, July 3, 1918. War Department. 228 General Orders, No. 47, H-eadquarters 42nd Division, July 4, 1918. Disposition of elements of the 42nd Division in the sectors Esperance and Souain. War Department..... 229 Extract of the Artillery Employment Plan, Post of Command, 151st Field Artillery, July 6, 1918. Translated from a French document dated July 4, 1918. Leach Collection...... 231 Employment Plan of Artillery, Chapter XI, 13th Infantry Division, July 5, 1918. Translated from the French. Leach Collection 232 Memorandum No. 232, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 12, 1918. Corrected copy of the signal code. Leach Collection.. 235 Summary of Events from Midnight of July 15 to Midnight of July 16, 1918, Headquarters 42nd Division, Second Section. Leach Collection........ 236 Report on July Operation in Champagne, Headquarters 42nd Division, December 10, 1918. War Department..... 238 THE AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE General Orders, No. 48, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 20, 1918. Regulations governing the movement westward to the Marne salient. War Department....... 239 r CONTENTS - DOCUMENTS xxi Bulletin of Information No. 4, Headquarters 42nd Division, Second Section, July 24, 1918. Leach Collection....239 Information about the Ourcq River, 1st Army Corps, Second Section, General Staff, July 26, 1918. Leach Collection.. 240 Operation Orders, No. 9, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, July 26, 1918. Orders for an attack, with the south bank of the Ourcq River as the objective. Leach Collection.. 241 General Orders, No. 51, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 27, 1918. Orders for an attack to gain the north bank of the Ourcq River. War Department.......... 241 Memorandum to Accompany General Orders, No. 51, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 27, 1918. Directions for the relief of the 52nd French Division by the 42nd Division. Leach Collection.. 243 Operation Orders, No. 10, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, July 27, 1918. Directions for the advance of elements of the 42nd Division. Leach Collection....... 243 Memorandum, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 28, 1918. General plan governing the advance of the division. Leach Collection. 244 Report of Operations of the 42nd Division, July 25-August 3, 1918. War Department......... 245 Field Orders, No. 27, Headquarters 4th Division, August 6, 1918. Orders for the advance of the 4th Division across the Vesle River. Leach Collection....... 247 Operation Orders, No. 11, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, August 6, 1918. Artillery plan for the support of the advance of the 4th Division. Leach Collection..... 248 Summary of Intelligence No. 5, August 6-7, 1918, 4th Division, Second Section, General Staff. Leach Collection.... 250 Summary of Intelligence No. 7, August 8-9, 1918, 4th Division, Second Section, General Staff. Leach Collection..... 251 Memorandum, Headquarters 4th Division, August 9, 1918. Report concerning alleged short firing. Leach Collection... 252 Field Orders, No. 5, Headquarters 42nd Division, August 13, 1918. Directions for the movement of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and the 84th Infanrtry Brigade. War Department... 253 THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT Field Orders, No. 17, Headquarters 42nd Division, September 9, 1918. Plans for the reduction of the St. Mihiel salient. War Department.......... 255 Plan for Using Artillery-Annex No. 1 to Field Orders, No. 17. War Department........ 260 Memorandum, Headquarters 151st Field Artillery, September 10, 1918. Organization of the artillery under command of Colonel Leach. Leach Collection........ 265 Field Orders, No. 20, Headquarters 42nd Division, September 11, 1918. Orders for the assembly of the division for the attack of September 12. Leach Collection....... 265 G-3 Memorandum No. 6, Headquarters 42nd Division, September 11, 1918. Designation of the day and hour for the attack. Leach Collection......... 266 Report on Operations of the 42nd Division in the St. Mihiel Salient, September 11-15, 1918, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 28, 1918. War Department....... 266 xxii HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE Memorandum No. 305, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 3, 1918. General Pershing's appeal to the First Army; miscellaneous directions. Leach Collection........ 271 Field Orders, No. 75, Post of Command, 32nd Division, October 8, 1918. Orders for the attack. Leach Collection... 272 Operation Orders, No. 7, Headquarters 57th Field Artillery Brigade, October 8, 1918. Plan for artillery support in the attack by the 32nd Division. Leach Collection...... 274 Field Orders, No. 1, Headquarters, Detachment 67th Field Artillery Brigade, October 8, 1918. Plan for artillery support in the attack by the 32nd Division. Leach Collection.... 277 Field Orders, No. 3, Headquarters, Detachment 67th Field Artillery Brigade, October 11, 1918. Directions for the relief of the detachment of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade supporting the 32nd Division. Leach Collection....... 278 Combat Instructions, Headquarters First Army, October 12, 1918. Leach Collection......... 279 Field Orders, No. 36, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 13, 1918. Orders for the attack. War Department..... 279 Memorandum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, October 13, 1918. Instructions for artillery participation in the attack of October 14. Leach Collection....... 281 Field Orders, No. 37, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 14, 1918. Instructions for the continuation of the attack. War Department 283 Field Orders, No. 38, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 15, 1918. Instructions for the continuation of the attack. War Department 283 Memorandum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, October 15, 1918. Instructions for artillery participation in the attack of October 16. Leach Collection...... 284 Summary of Intelligence No. 22, October 11-12, 1918, 5th Army Corps, Second Section, General Staff. Description of the C6te de Chatillon and the defenses of Landres-et-St. Georges included. Leach Collection......... 286 Daily Operations Report No. 3, October 13-14, 1918, Headquarters 42nd Division. War Department...... 288 Daily Operations Report No. 4, October 14-15, 1918, Headquarters 42nd Division. War Department...... 289 Summary of Intelligence No. 143, October 15-16, 1918, Second Section, General Staff, 42nd Division. Leach Collection.. 291 Summary of Intelligence No. 144, October 16-17, 1918, Second Section, General Staff, 42nd Division. Leach Collection.. 293 Field Orders, No. 79, Headquarters 5th Army Corps, October 17, 1918. Instructions for the continuation of the advance. War Department 297 G-3 Memorandum No. 45, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 17, 1918. Firing program for the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, in support of the 82nd Division. War Department... 298 Commanding General, 5th Army Corps, to Commanding General, 42nd Division, October 26, 1918. Service of the 42nd Division with the 5th Army Corps. Leach Collection...... 298 Field Orders, No. 47, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 31, 1918. Orders for the relief by the 2nd Division; 67th Field Artillery Brigade attached to the 2nd Division. War Department.. 298 CONTENTS - DOCUMENTS XXill Commanding General, 5th Army Corps, to Brigadier General Dwight E. Aultman, Chief of Artillery, November 2, 1918. Letter of commendation. Leach Collection...... 299 Field Orders, No. 52, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 4, 1918. Directions for the pursuit of the enemy. War Department 299 Memorandum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, November 5, 1918. Instructions for artillery support. Leach Collection. 301 Memorandlum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, November 7, 1918. Instructions for taking up positions in support of the 84th Infantry Brigade. Leach Collection.... 301 G-3 Memorandum No. 84, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 7, 1918. Designation of new boundaries for the divisional sector. Leach Collection........ 302 Field Orders, No. 56, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 8, 1918. Directions for the relief by the 77th Division. War Department 302 Field Orders, No. 57, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 8, 1918. Instructions for the removal of the division to a new area. War Department. 303 Chief of Artillery, 5th Army Corps, to Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, November 5, 1918. Letter of commendation. War Department....... 304 General Orders Nos. 31 and 32, Headquarters 1st Army, and letter of Commanding General, 1st Army Corps, published at Headquarters, 42nd Division, November 9, 1918. Commendation of the First Army and the 42nd Division. Leach Collection.. 305 Letter of Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur to Colonel George E. Leach, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 15, 1918. Commendation of the 151st Field Artillery. Leach Collection. 306 Commanding General, 42nd Division, to Commander-in-Chief, A.E.F., November 22, 1918. Report on operations in the Argonne. War Department......... 307 Bulletin of Information No. 21, Second Section, General Staff, 42nd Division, November 13, 1918. Summary of service of the division; conditions of the armistice. Leach Collection.. 310 OCCUPATION OF THE RHINE Memorandum, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 11, 1918. Measures to be observed following the armistice. Leach Collection......... 313 Memorandum, Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, November 15, 1918. Directions for the commencement of the march towards the Rhine. Leach Collection...... 313 Memorandum No. 320, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 23, 1918. Regulations covering the advance into Germany. Leach Collection......... 314 [Summary of Intelligence] No. 166, November 23-24, 1918, Second Section, General Staff, 42nd Division. Leach Collection.. 318 General Orders, No. 77, Headquarters 42nd Division, December 18, 1918. Description of German territory to be occupied by the 42nd Division. War Department....... 320 General Orders, No. 1, Headquarters 42nd Division, January 1, 1919. Additional regulations concerning the civil control of the occupied area. War Department... 321 General Orders, No. 19, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 22, 1919. Instructions regarding the discipline to be observed during the journey home and prior to the muster out. War Department. 324 xxiv HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY General Orders, No. 20, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 24, 1919. Announcement of the placing of the 42nd Division under the orders of the commanding general, Service of Supply. War Department....325 GENERAL REPORTS OF SERVICE Station List, Headquarters 151st Field Artillery. War Department 326 Resume of the Front-line Service of the 151st Field Artillery. War Department......... 327 Battle Credits of the 151st Field Artillery. War Department, General Orders, No. 41, October 9, 1922... 332 Commanding General, 42nd Division, to Commanding General, Third Army, February 6, 1919. Historical Report. War Department 333 MAPS CAMPAIGNS AND MOVEMENTS OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY. Frontispiece THE BACCARAT SECTOR......... 34 THE BATTLE BEFORE CHALONS. 66 THE CHATEAU-THIERRY CAMPAIGN..... 90 THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT..... 120 THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE...... 138 THE COTE DE CHATILLON OPERATION..... 144 THE OCCUPIED TERRITORY IN GERMANY...... 172 ILLUSTRATIONS COLONEL GEORGE E. LEACH...... 8 PRESENTATION OF THE FIAGS OF THE ALLIES..... 18 ABANDONED QUARRY WHERE THE REGIMENT SUFFERED ITS FIRST CASUALTIES IN BATTLE........... 38 DETACHMENT BRINGING UP LOGS FOR GUN EMPLACEMENTS AND DUGOUTS 38 AMERICAN AND FRENCH OFFICERS PASSING THROUGH LANES OF AMERICAN DEAD AT BACCARAT.... 56 GENERAL MCKINSTRY PLACING A FLORAL OFFERING ON THE GRAVE OF LIEUTENANT ROSENWALD......... 56 STREET SCENE AT COURTISOLS, FRANCE...... 72 A GLIMPSE OF CAMP 3/5, NEAR SUIPPES...... 72 OFFICERS OF THE RAINBOW DIVISION....... 98 PRISONERS PASSING THROUGH ANSAUVILLE ENROUTE TO MENIL-LA-TOUR 126 THE COTE DE CHATILLON........ 148 THE REGIMENT CROSSING THE GERMAN FRONTIER.... 168 WELCOMING THE REGIMENT AT ST. PAUL... 190 THE 2ND BATTALION AMMUNITION TRAIN PASSING THROUGH MERVILLER 230 THE REGIMENT ENCAMPED AT DROUILLY.... 230 THE TOWN OF CHEVENGES, FRANCE.... 302 THE AMERICAN WATCH ON THE RHINE. 320 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY RAINBOW DIVISION I. EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT1 The history and traditions of local military units are always a source of pride and interest to their members and it is therefore fitting to outline very briefly, by way of introduction, the beginnings of the 151st Field Artillery, Minnesota's contribution to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division of the American army in the war with Germany. The 1st Field Artillery, Minnesota National Guard, which during the World War was designated the 151st Field Artillery, traces its origin back to 1881, when John S. Pillsbury was governor and Horatio P. Van Cleve, adjutant general, of Minnesota. On January 1, 1880, the military organization of the state of Minnesota consisted of the following four units: the Governor's Guards, located at New Ulm; the Faribault Guards; the Winona Guards; and the Minneapolis Light Infantry. Three months later, on April 5, the St. Paul Guards was formed and on May 20 the Ramsey Guards, at New Ulm. On February 14, 1880, was organized the Minneapolis Zouave Corps, which, in July of the same year, was increased by the formation of the Minneapolis Zouave Corps Battery and the Minneapolis Zouave Corps Lancers. Dr. Albert A. Ames, a Civil War veteran and several times mayor of Minneapolis, was the first captain of the Zouave Corps. In the following year there was organized at St. Paul a unit easily identified as the nucleus of the st- Field Artillery. This was the Emmet Light Artillery, of which Cornelius M. MacCarthy, a St. Paul lawyer, was the first captain. In his report for 1882 the adjutant 'This chapter is based upon orders and reports of the adjutant general of Minnesota for the years 1880 to 1916, excepting, in the case of the reports, the years 1881, 1909 to 1912, 1915, and 1916, when no reports were issued; Minnesota, General Laws, 1907, ch. 443; 1913, ch. 44; War Department, Annual Reports. 1916, pp. 7-12, 953, 1039; 1917, pp. 140, 141, 196, 197; Franklin F. Holbrook, Minnesota in the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Insurrection, 82-84, 128 (St. Paul, 1923); and accounts in local newspapers, including a brief sketch of the history of the regiment in a special edition of the St. Paul Dispatch and St. Paul Pioneer Press and a more comprehensive account in the St. Paul Daily News, both of May 8, 1919. 1 2 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY general describes the unit as consisting of " three officers, thirteen noncommissioned officers, and forty-three privates-a total of 59; all fully uniformed and equipped with two 6-pound brass guns with caissons complete." A short time afterward Captain MacCarthy became adjutant general and it was in part owing to his interest that the Emmet Light Artillery survived during the next few years. The organization distinguished itself early in its career when, in September of 1882, it was invited to attend a reunion and competitive drill at Milwaukee, where it won the first prize of five hundred dollars and received high praise from regular officers who were present. On November 7, 1885, Captain MacCarthy was succeeded by Thomas D. O'Brien, also a St. Paul lawyer and later an associate justice of the supreme court of Minnesota. The organization now boasted a twelvepounder gun, in addition to the original complement of two six-pounder bronze field guns. At about this time also sabers were issued and the members were instructed in saber drill. In 1887 the Emmet Light Artillery lost its identity when Brigadier General Francis W. Seeley, state adjutant general, formed the 1st Battery of Light Artillery, with which the former organization was merged and which was at first commanded by Captain H. J. Shea. At about the same time was formed a unit designated the 1st Troop of Cavalry, with headquarters at St. Paul, of which Ralston J. Markoe was captain. For purposes of administration and discipline and to promote efficiency, the adjutant general united these two newly formed units in an organization known as the Squadron of Mounted Troops, which he placed under the "control and direction" of Lieutenant Colonel Jesse B. Hawley, assistant adjutant general and an experienced artillery officer. The 1st Battery was originally a St. Paul organization, but in 1888 a Minneapolis platoon was organized and joined to it. Commanding the new detachment at that time was Lieutenant Carl C. Bennet, who was for many years to be prominently identified with the development of the artillery organization of the state. Thus as early as 1888 began the expansion of the original unit; in the following year Adjutant General John H. Mullen reorganized the Minneapolis detachment as a separate battery, which became the 2nd Battery of the 1st Battalion of Mounted Troops. In 1889 the Minnesota national guard comprised three infantry regiments and EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 3 the 1st Battalion of Mounted Troops; the latter, under the command of Major Elias D. Libbey, included the two light batteries, one stationed at St. Paul and commanded by Captain John J. McGuinness, and the other stationed at Minneapolis and commanded by Captain Carl C. Bennet, in addition to the cavalry troop which had been organized at St. Paul. A little later the 1st and 2nd batteries were lettered "A" and " B," respectively. After November 24, 1891, when the cavalry troop was disbanded, the battalion was composed simply of the two batteries; in 1893 its designation was changed to "First Battalion of Artillery." No other important changes in artillery organization appear to have taken place until 1900. The history of the battalion was comparatively uneventful, except in 1898, when it was called out to assist in suppressing the uprising of the Chippewa Indians at Leech Lake, Minnesota. A somewhat bloody engagement between the Indians and the regular infantry from Fort Snelling had occurred at Sugar Point and assistance was urgently required. The only state force at the disposal of the governor was the 1st Battalion of Artillery, which was accordingly ordered on October 7 to assemble and proceed to Deer River and Cass Lake. Battery A was commanded by Captain Henry Larson and Battery B by Captain Carl C. Bennet. Conferences held between the Indians and the commissioner of Indian affairs soon resulted in an agreement and the cessation of hostilities. The 1st Battalion was then recalled and arrived at the Twin Cities on October 23. Space will not permit of a detailed account of the many vicissitudes encountered by the artillery organization during the period of almost twenty years through which its history has been traced. Frequent encampments and inspections are described in successive reports of the adjutant general. Sometimes the showing made by the various units elicited high praise from the inspecting officers while again they were unsparing in their criticism. At times the equipment was so poor as to be useless. Following are typical extracts from inspectors' reports: The physical condition and appearance of the men of the battery is excellent; uniform, discipline and instruction good; arms in serviceable condition; armory excellent; schools of the soldier and company good; gun drill by platoon with two pieces good; sabre drill 4 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY good; records in good condition and correctly kept. The battery has made decided progress during the past year in drill, discipline and general appearance and a good feeling prevails among the officers and men. The excellence of their drill and other exercises compared with last year indicated that some hard work had been done by both officers and men. Arms and accoutrements in fair serviceable condition. The battery presented a very neat and soldierly appearance; It is composed of excellent material, the men being of good size and physique, very intelligent, fairly set up, but not very steady. They are quite proficient in the school of the soldier and the school of the company. The gun drill was very good, and the sabre exercises well executed. The guns (two and six-tenths pounders, brass pieces) are old and hardly of any other use than for drill and salute firing. Caissons and limbers, as well as horse equipments, are in the same poor condition.2 The story of these early struggles reflects decided credit, however, upon the energy and perseverance of those who were responsible for transforming two or three small batteries into the powerful weapon which years later played such a significant part in smashing the most formidable military machine the world has ever seen. Continual efforts at improvement were made and about 1900 the old muzzle-loading cannon of obsolete pattern were discarded and the batteries equipped with four new 3.2-inch breech-loading field pieces, model of 1897, smokeless powder, and other necessary accouterments. In 1900 a company of engineers was organized at St. Paul, placed under the command of Captain Maximilian E. R. Toltz, and assigned to the 1st Artillery, as the battalion had now come to be called. In January, 1901, Major Elias D. Libbey, who had been in command of the 1st Artillery, succeeded George C. Lambert of St. Paul as adjutant general and the latter assumed command of the organization. In 1905 a hospital corps detachment was formed and attached to the artillery battalion. An act of 1907 made it possible to reorganize the company of engineers which had formed a part of the battalion since 1900 as a third battery and soon after, this company became Battery C. From that time until 1913 the organization consisted of three batteries, the number required for a battalion. An extremely important change occurred in 1913, when an act was passed authorizing the formation of a regiment of field artillery, to consist of six batteries. The act was approved on March 5 and five 2Bicennial Report of the adjutant general, 1884-86, p. 53; 1886-88, p. 133. EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 5 days later the adjutant general issued orders to Major Lambert, who was to become colonel of the new regiment, to organize and muster into the service three additional batteries of light artillery. One of the newly organized batteries was to be stationed at St. Paul and designated Battery B, the Minneapolis unit of that name having been changed to Battery D; the other two were to be stationed at Minneapolis and designated Batteries E and F. Two battalions were' organized, the first, stationed at St. Paul, including Batteries A, B, and C; and the second, stationed at Minneapolis, including Batteries D, E, and F. Battery F was composed of students at the University of Minnesota. The organization of this regiment placed Minnesota among the foremost states in the matter of field artillery. In the national guard of the country as a whole, there was an excess of infantry troops and a marked shortage of other units, especially of field artillery. It appears that in 1914 there were but two states which had fully organized regiments of field artillery, New York with two and Minnesota with one. By 1916 there were nine. It is clear, therefore, that Minnesota, with its three regiments of infantry and with an artillery regiment, which by that time had reached a strength of 34 officers and 584 enlisted men, was exceptionally well prepared to serve the country in response to the call which came in midsummer of that year.3 For many months the situation in Mexico had been becoming increasingly serious and by the spring of 1916 the administration found conditions along the southern border of the United States a source of grave anxiety. Large bandit forces and irregular military organizations, utterly irresponsible, were operating in northern Mexico, giving repeated manifestations of their hostility, not only toward the de facto government of Mexico, but toward the United States as well, and a large part of the regular army had been stationed along the border to protect the territory of the United States from invasion. In March, 1916, events were brought to a climax by a raid upon Columbus, New Mexico. On the night of March 8, Francisco Villa, at the head of a large bandit force, crossed the international boundary and 3Report of the chief of the militia bureau, October 1, 1916, in War Department, Annual Reports, 1916, pp. 953, 1039. The returns of the state adjutant general for the same period indicate a strength of 39 officers and 650 enlisted men. 6 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY attacked the little town of Columbus, killing a number of the inhabitants. Regular troops stationed in the vicinity came to the rescue, pursued the bandits to the south, and killed a considerable number. Villa, however, with a large part of his forces, made his escape. On March 10 the commanding general of the southern department was ordered to send an adequate force, under Brigadier General John J. Pershing, across the border in pursuit of the outlaws. An expeditionary column was formed with remarkable speed and on March 15, just five days later, General Pershing began the pursuit of Villa. The situation was gravely complicated by the doubtful attitude which the de facto government assumed toward this invasion of Mexican territory. Actual war appeared imminent. On April 12 occurred the so-called Parral incident, when a small detachment from General Pershing's force was attacked by Mexican soldiers near Parral and two American soldiers were killed and several wounded. Meanwhile, bandits were making sporadic raids into United States territory, which resulted in considerable loss of life and property. During the raid at Glenn Springs, Texas, on May 5, three American soldiers and one civilian were killed and three American soldiers wounded. On May 9 the President called out the militia of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and directed that they be concentrated at places to be designated by the commanding general of the southern department. As the result of another raid on June 15, at San Ygnacio, Texas, in which four more American soldiers were killed and five more wounded, the President, on June 18, called out a large part of the organized militia and national guard of the other states of the Union. The commanding generals of the eastern, central, and western departments were directed on June 23 to transfer to the border each unit called out as soon as it was reasonably well equipped for field service. The three Minnesota infantry regiments, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, and the field artillery regiment were included under this call. The purpose of the mobilization was not only to protect the border, but to make possible the exertion of a certain amount of diplomatic pressure in the negotiations with Mexico and to further the cause of national military preparedness. Immediately upon the issuance of the President's call, all members of the organized militia of Minnesota were directed to assemble with EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 7 field equipment at their home stations at nine o'clock on the morning of June 19, preparatory to concentration at the mobilization camp to be established at Fort Snelling. Drill and instruction were to begin at once and the commanding officers of all units were directed to recruit their organizations to the prescribed strength. The adjutant general was to be notified as soon as each unit had been recruited to the maximum practicable at its home station, but only after it had reached the prescribed minimum peace strength. The mobilization camp at Fort Snelling was named Camp Bobleter, in honor of Brigadier General Joseph Bobleter, who had served during the Spanish-American War as colonel of the 12th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. The 1st and 2nd battalions of the field artillery regiment, located at St. Paul and Minneapolis, immediately began to assemble at their respective armories and active recruiting was begun. The three infantry regiments and the Minneapolis battalion of the artillery were ordered to proceed to Camp Bobleter on June 26. The 1st Battalion, however, was considerably below the minimum peace strength and was therefore unable to proceed at once to the mobilization point. The 1st Minnesota Infantry and the 2nd Battalion of Artillery paraded the streets of Minneapolis and were given a rousing ovation. Four days later, on June 30, the above-mentioned units took the prescribed oath and were mustered into the federal service. The artillery battalion took the oath to a man. The condition of the artillery regiment at this time was fairly typical of the national guard the country over. All units were far below strength and particularly the 1st Battalion. Battery B, while fairly well organized, had only about sixty men, Battery C mustered about twenty, while battery A was said to have been totally unorganized, with a strength of one man only! The situation in the 2nd Battalion was much better, but even here considerable recruiting was necessary to raise the strength of the batteries to the required minimum. Although each battery had its quota of four three-inch guns, all were practically without horses, the chief requisite of field artillery, and it was necessary to mobilize the regiment without them and to trust that they would be furnished by the war department at the border. Another difficulty arose from the fact that many of the men failed to pass the more rigorous physical examination required upon muster into federal 8 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY service. Consequently, it required weeks to put the regiment into proper condition for field service. This situation was not the fault of the officers nor of the state, but rather that of the entire system. It was no more unsatisfactory in the case of the 1st Minnesota Artillery than in that of many other national guard units. On July 19 the 2nd Battalion entrained at Fort Snelling, and five days later it arrived at Camp Llano Grande, Texas-the first unit, it was claimed, to report there at approximate war strength. The 1st Battalion, mustered into federal service on July 23, followed early in October. Meanwhile, in August, Colonel Lambert having been disqualified for federal service because of defective vision, George E. Leach, major in command of the 2nd Battalion, was promoted to colonel and placed in command of the regiment.4 Llano Grande is situated in the extreme south of Texas, some ten miles north of the Rio Grande and about forty miles northwest of Brownsville. With the aid of Mexican laborers the American soldiers quickly transformed the camp site, originally a wilderness of mesquite and cactus, into a tented city with its own water supply, telephone system, hospital, stores, and jitneys. Though the climate was usually dry, there were occasional storms which flooded the camp and were the source of a great deal of discomfort to the luckless national guardsmen. The most serious handicap was the lack of supplies and equipment, Major General Leonard Wood, testifying before a senate subcommittee a few months later, admitted that the war department plans for the supply of state troops collapsed a few days after they were called into service. As late as September 1, the 2nd Battalion had less than one-third of the required number of horses and an insufficient amount of clothing; not even cots were available for the men. The following extract from an article by Floyd Gibbons, a newspaper correspondent on the border, throws further light on the situation: 4Colonel Leach, the son of Captain William B. Leach, who served as ad jutant of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War, had been a member of the national guard of the state for eleven years. When Battery B of the 1st Minnesota Field Artillery was reorganized at Minneapolis on April 15, 1905, he was commissioned second lieutenant of the new unit. Less than three weeks later he was given a first lieutenancy. On January 10, 1908, he was commissioned captain, and in May, 1913, he became major of the 2nd Battalion. ;* *.~ eD ~ e ~ i e <9, v >,V * $-,^^: i- *,- "-..*^ B i i.' i B I Il_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ COLO NEL GEORGE E. LEACII?.,.'-^ g.. d *:?. ' *. Is r~t~ ' v ";- 's, -1 *-Unr 1: * ',,,~, f.'. "'^'d:;'90.x hi ' ~.'. _,, II If EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 9 The Minnesota artillery at Llano Grande could not move because of the universal discrepancy between sizes of the horses' necks and the sizes of the army steel collars. The collars did not fit and apparently were not possible of an adjustment that would make them fit. The result was that extended mounted drill was impracticable and officers of the battalion were trying to arrange to have the pieces dragged to Brownsville behind motortrucks so that the men could get some much needed firing practice. Palo Alto battlefield was the only place in the valley where the army could secure a sufficient expanse of unpopulated land for artillery practice, and its flatness, absence of ridges and rolling country made the test of up to date indirect firing out of the question.5 A little later an opportunity presented itself for some much-needed artillery practice at Point Isabel, Texas, a flat, sandy waste on the Gulf of Mexico about sixty miles from Llano Grande. Batteries D and E marched the distance in about three days. For more than seven weary months the regiment played the nearwar game on the border, waiting in vain for some occurrence which would bring the order to invade Mexico. Each day, with few exceptions, was like its predecessor - sand and heat in the daytime, with comfortable nights; foot and gun drill, varied by occasional "hikes," inspections, and reviews. One of the marches was to Brownsville, near the battlefield of Palo Alto, where General Zachary Taylor defeated the Mexicans in 1846. Among the reviewing officers who visited the regiment was Brigadier General James Parker, in command of the Brownsville division - a man who was every inch a soldier. The invasion of the bandit-infested region in northern Mexico by the expeditionary force under General Pershing eventually brought quiet to the border. After an encounter at Carrizal on June 21, 1916, between a detachment of the 10th United States Cavalry and troops of the de facto government, the American force was not seriously disturbed. The border was occasionally threatened by raids, but nothing of a serious nature occurred. It was necessary, however, to maintain a large force of regulars and national guardsmen there for some months longer, although by the fall of 1916 the situation had cleared sufficiently to permit the withdrawal of a part of the latter. 5Minneapolis Journal, September 24, 1916. 10 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On February 5, 1917, the troops under General Pershing were withdrawn from Mexico and on February 16 the commanding general of the southern department was directed by the war department to send all remaining national guard organizations home for muster out, including those of the border states. Meanwhile, the Minnesota troops were being gradually withdrawn. Battery F, the university artillery unit commanded by Walter F. Rhinow, later adjutant general of Minnesota, was ordered home and mustered out in September, in time for the opening of the college year.6 The 3rd Infantry reached Fort Snelling early in December; the 2nd arrived early in January, 1917; and, soon after, the 1st was chosen for withdrawal. The 1st Field Artillery arrived at the fort, beginning February 21, and a week later, the five batteries, consisting then of 41 officers and 732 men, were mustered out of the federal service. The entire episode of the mobilization of 1916 involved the war department and the administration in a hot fire of hostile criticism. It appears to have been the consensus of opinion among officers and men who served on the border that the mobilization of the national guard revealed most forcibly, not only how pitifully unprepared the United States was for war, but also how little the war department, for two years confronted with the possibility of being drawn into the conflict raging across the Atlantic, had done to train the United States troops in modern warfare. At the same time the border mobilization gave officers and men, as well as the personnel of the war department itself, some valuable and much-needed training which was to prove a distinct asset a year later. Naturally much impatience manifested itself among the guardsmen who occasionally voiced the sentiment, " We came here to fight, not to sit around in camp." As was pointed out at the time, however, they were in reality rendering a more valuable service in preventing war than in making war. The exceptionally fine record which the Minnesota artillery regiment made upon the border unquestionably helped to win for it the honored position which it came to occupy later. Ratings made public by the war department in November, 1916, revealed that of the eighty 6There was naturally a certain amount of unfavorable criticism of the war department's special solicitude for the interests of the university men. EARLY HISTORY OF THE REGIMENT 11 five batteries of field artillery in the national guard, Battery F ranked sixth in point of efficiency. A remarkable tribute to the regiment appeared in the Minneapolis Journal on February 21, 1917, at the time of the return from the border: The First regiment of field artillery has been a credit to the state. It brings home the Parker trophy for the best shooting battery; its camp was pronounced by the senior surgeon the best in the department, and General McNair, senior artillery officer in the department, declared that the regiment was a " credit to the service. " 7 7Battery A won the trophy mentioned. II. ORDERED TO FRANCE Even before the process of demobilization had been completed, upon the return of the troops from the Mexican border, the President had, on February 3, 1917, presented Ambassador von Bernstorff with his passports, thus breaking off relations with the imperial German government. It required no unusual degree of foresight to realize that war was now inevitable. The first step rendered necessary by the severance of diplomatic relations was that of taking precautionary measures against the possible destruction of property by German agents. Railroads, bridges, munitions plants, and other factories must be guarded, and particularly important was the protection of the great wheat elevators and flour mills of Minneapolis. On March 26, the day after telegraphic instructions had been received from the war department, the 1st Minnesota Infantry was recalled into federal service for police duty. On April 7 Governor Joseph A. A. Burnquist ordered Batteries D and E of the artillery regiment to report for duty at once for the purpose of guarding food supplies, and three days later he ordered the mobilization of all other organizations of the regiment except the band detachment of the Headquarters Company. It should be noted, however, that these field artillery units were called out by him upon his own initiative and were not in federal service.1 Meanwhile the 1st Minnesota Artillery had been undergoing many trials and tribulations since its muster out of federal service in February. Many of the men were out of employment and were unable to secure any because of the uncertainty of the date when they would again be called into federal service. Some of them were permitted to sleep in the armories because they had no money to pay for lodgings. Officers of the regiment did everything in their power to assist the 'General Orders, No. 5, March 26, 1917; Special Orders, Nos. 41, 44, April 7, 10, 1917. Detachments of the 2nd and 3rd infantry regiments were also called out at this time for guard duty in various parts of the state. See pages 199 to 203 for documents relating to the mobilization of the regiment. 12 ORDERED TO FRANCE 13 men in finding work and largely through their efforts the situation was materially relieved. But upon being called into the state service in April they were again obliged to leave their employment, only to learn to their dismay, about a month later, that it was contemplated to release them from this service, pending their call into federal service. In spite of vigorous protest an order was issued on May 4, the effect of which was to discharge from state duty most of the artillerymen and fill their places with members of the 1st Minnesota Infantry. This action may be explained by the fact that while both the infantry regiment and the 1st Minnesota Artillery were performing guard duty, the members of the former were in federal service, being paid fifty cents a day by the United States government, while those of the latter were in state service and were being paid at the rate of two dollars a day. The Minnesota Public Safety Commission had recommended as a measure of economy that as many artillerymen as could be spared be released and that their places be taken by infantrymen in federal service. An immediate call into federal service would have been welcomed by many of the artillerymen, but there was not the slightest indication as to when such a call might come. Consequently many of those who were out of employment secured their discharges from the 1st Minnesota Artillery and enlisted elsewhere, in other branches of the service. This unfortunately resulted in a rather serious demoralization of the regiment on the eve of the most important service it had ever been called upon to render.2 Congress had declared war on April 6 and on May 18 legislation was enacted authorizing the President to increase temporarily the military establishment of the United States. This increase looked to three sources: the regular army, whose ranks would be filled by recruiting; the national guard; and the national army. The act authorized the President to draft into the military service of the United States and to organize and officer in accordance with provisions of the National Defense Act of 1916, any or all members 2Special Orders, No. 58, May 4, 1917; Minneapolis Journal, March 27, 28, 30, May 4, 5, 7, 11, 1917. A supplemental order, Special Orders, No. 59, was issued on May 7, the effect of which was to retain on guard duty in the state service three officers and two hundred men of the 1st Field Artillery, but of these all but six noncommissioned officers and twenty-five privates were relieved on May 19, under Special Orders, No. 66, dated May 16. 14 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY of the national guard and of the national guard reserve, and it provided that all persons so drafted were to serve for the period of the emergency unless sooner discharged.3 On June 23, in accordance with telegraphic orders received from the secretary of war, the 1st Field Artillery, then at a strength of 38 officers and 1,258 men, was called into federal service. The regimental commander was directed to assemble the regiment at Fort Snelling as soon as possible to be mustered in. This accomplished, the 2nd Battalion was to proceed to Fort Riley, Kansas, while the 1st was to remain at Fort Snelling. It was intended that the two battalions should assist with the work at the officers' training camps which had been established at these two posts. During the mobilization period the field artillery had several times reached war strength but losses resulting from the elimination of those physically unfit and the dismissal of those with dependents necessitated frequent renewal of recruiting activities. On July 3 the 2nd Battalion departed for Fort Riley under the command of Major George T. Gorham, 14 officers and 560 men entraining.5 Probably the most important act connected with the mobilization of the national guard of the country was the issuance of the President's proclamation of July 3. Under the first of its provisions those members of the national guard and enlisted members of the national guard reserve of thirty states and the District of Columbia not yet in federal service, were called out. They were to come into the federal service in two increments, on July 15 and July 25, respectively. The remaining units of the Minnesota national guard were included in the first increment, called out as of July 15.6 Of great importance was that section of the proclamation which drafted into the federal service as of August 5, 1917, members of the national guard and enlisted members of the national guard 3United States, Statutes at Large, 39:166; 40:76. 4War Department, Annual Reports, 1918, pp. 1107, 1209. The strength of the regiment at this time is given as reported by the state adjutant general to the chief of the militia bureau. 5General Orders, No.9, June 23, 1917; Minneapolis Journal, June 24, July 3, 1917; St. Paul Pioneer Press, July 4, 1917. 6The organizations not already in federal service were as follows: Headquarters, 1st Brigade; 2nd Infantry; 3rd Infantry; Field Hospital Company No. 1; and Ambulance Company No. 1. ORDERED TO FRANCE 15 reserve of forty-seven states and the District of Columbia, including all members of tactical organizations such as the 1st Minnesota Artillery. Under the previous calls into federal service, the national guard units had retained their state identity, having been merely lent to the government, as it were, for more or less temporary emergency service. But when the guardsmen were drafted, the effect was completely to federalize the state troops and to place them definitely at the disposal of the government for such service and for so long a period as the existing grave emergency might require. The officers and men so drafted were automatically discharged from all state obligations, and the state organizations to which they had belonged were in effect taken over, renamed, reorganized, and incorporated in the federal army. On August 5, therefore, the 1st Minnesota Artillery became a federal unit, which was presently designated the 151st Field Artillery. By the end of the month the regiment had reached a strength of 38 officers and 1,414 men.7 It had been originally planned that the national guard of the country should be organized in twelve tactical divisions. After the outbreak of war the number had been raised to sixteen. Early in August the secretary of war approved a scheme for creating a seventeenth division, a composite national guard division to be comprised of units from various parts of the United States, which would in some measure satisfy the desire of state forces in all parts of the country for early active participation in the war.8 This new division, designated the 42nd, was almost immediately named the "Rainbow Division, " an appellation which it carried throughout the war and which is said to have been coined by its first chief of staff, Colonel Douglas MacArthur.9 Another motive for the formation of the Rainbow Division was the urgent need of troops on the battle front. The 1st Division had followed General Pershing and his staff to France in June, but it was desirable that additional troops -be sent as quickly as 7Report of the chief of the militia bureau in War Department, Annual Reports, 1918, pp. 1107, 1216. 8Reports of the secretary of war, November 20, 1917, and the chief of the militia bureau, October 1, 1917, and September 25, 1918, in War Department, Annual Reports, 1917, pp. 51, 851, 852; 1918, p. 1233. 9 Walter B. Wolf, A Brief Story of the Rainbow Division, 5 (New York, 1919). 16 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY possible, both because they were needed in the battle line and because their presence would stiffen the morale of the allies. Another consideration of equal importance was the effect which the sending of a composite division representing all sections of the country would have upon the nation at large. The dispatch of regular army troops was taken more or less as a matter of course, but nothing would bring the war home to the whole country so effectively as the transportation of these local units to France at the earliest possible moment. The enthusiasm with which the announcement of the organization of the Rainbow Division was everywhere received fully justified all expectations. Units from twenty-six states and the District of Columbia were assigned to it and nearly all sections of the country were represented, from California in the west to Maryland and New York in the east and from Minnesota in the north to Louisiana and Texas in the south. New England was the only section of the country not represented.10 The division was to be assembled at Camp Mills, on Long Island, and orders were given for its concentration at the earliest possible date." 10 New England had its own division, the 26th. "1It is perhaps desirable to explain briefly at this point the composition of the combat division of the United States army during the World War. The combat division is a unit which is self-supporting in the military sense, being capable of operating in the field as an independent unit and having its own supply system. The division commander and his staff, together with the attached troops, are known collectively as "division headquarters." The "headquarters troop," acting under the orders of division headquarters, provides for the security and general welfare of the commanding general and his staff. Two infantry brigades are included, each commanded by a brigadier general and each comprised of a machine gun battalion and two infantry regiments. A third machine gun battalion is unattached to either of the infantry brigades. The one field artillery brigade, also commanded by a brigadier general, is comprised of a trench mortar battery and three regiments of artillery, two light and one heavy; its principal function is to support the infantry in its operations. The necessary field construction, such as bridge-building and roadrepairing, is in charge of a regiment of engineers, which is supplied by an engineer train with the material required for this purpose. A field signal battalion constructs telephone lines and provides other means of communication in the field. Finally, various trains attend to matters of supply and the evacuation and care of the wounded. An organization known as " train headquarters and military police" is responsible for the administrative work connected with the management of the trains and also polices the area occupied by the division, enforces military regulations, and rounds up stragglers. The ammunition train brings up ammunition from the rear to the point where it can be delivered to the various regiments. Similarly, the supply train brings up food, clothing, and necessary equipment. The sanitary train, including four ambulance, and four field hospital companies, is charged with the care of the sick and wounded in the field until they can be evacuated to the rear. THE RAINBOW DIVISION ORGANIZATION AND STATES FROM WHICH UNITS WERE DRAWN Headquarters Troop................................. Louisiana 149th Machine Gun Battalion....................... Pennsylvania 83rd Infantry Brigade 165th Infantry................................. New York 166th Infantry....................................... Ohio 150th Machine Gun Battalion...................... Wisconsin 84th Infantry Brigade 167th Infantry................................... Alabama 168th Infantry...................................... Iowa 151st Machine Gun Battalion......................... Georgia 67th Field Artillery Brigade 149th Field Artillery (light)........................ Illinois 150th Field Artillery (heavy)........................ Indiana 151st Field Artillery (light)....................... Minnesota 117th Trench Mortar Battery....................... Maryland 117th Engineer Regiment.............South Carolina and California 117th Engineer Train............................. North Carolina 117th Field Signal Battalion............................ Missouri 117th Train Headquarters and Military Police............. Virginia 117th Ammunition Train................................ Kansas 117th Supply Train...................................... Texas 117th Sanitary Train 165th Ambulance Company......................New Jersey 166th Ambulance Company........................ Tennessee 167th Ambulance Company........................ Oklahoma 168th Ambulance Company........................ Michigan 165th Field Hospital..................... District of Columbia 166th Field Hospital.............................. Nebraska 167th Field Hospital................................ Oregon 168th Field Hospital............................... Colorado 18 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The announcement, made on August 14, that the 1st Minnesota Field Artillery had been assigned to the Rainbow Division was received with the greatest enthusiasm by the regiment, encamped at Fort Snelling and Fort Riley. The organization had made a splendid record upon fhe border and this selection could not be regarded otherwise than as a tribute to the high character of the service rendered in 1916 and early 1917. The effect of the announcement was at once revealed in the increased energy and enthusiasm with which the men went about the work of preparation. From now on the regiment was " on its toes. " The first days before the departure for the concentration camp at Mineola were full of activity. August 10 was Governors' Day at Fort Snelling, and the governors of several states represented in the officers' training camp were present to witness the maneuvers which had been arranged for the occasion. The program included an attack upon a trench system which had been laid out upon the reservation, and the guns of the 1st Battalion of the artillery regiment assisted in " laying down the barrage. " About a week later, on August 18, a huge military pageant was given at the state fair grounds for the purpose of raising a fund to be divided among the troops about to go from Hennepin and Ramsey counties. The principal spectacle of the pageant was a representation of the attack upon Vimy Ridge, under the supervision of the BritishCanadian recruiting mission, then in the Twin Cities. Before the "battle" all the troops present passed in review before Governor Burnquist. The 1st Battalion of the artillery regiment, which, as was generally known, would soon depart for France, received a tremendous ovation which partook of the nature of a farewell. After the parade the batteries unlimbered their guns and fired a salute and then moved into position for the sham battle. On August 24 a set of the flags of the allied nations, the gift of state officers and employees, was formally presented to the regiment in front of the State Capitol. Meanwhile the men were becoming more and more impatient to be off and the tension increased as the days passed. But at last the long-awaited orders were received, almost simultaneously, by the battalions at Fort Snelling and Fort Riley. The 1st Battalion ~4i PRESENTATION OF THE FLAGS OF THE ALLIES, AUGUST 24, 1917 [From photographs supplied by Mr. John H. Schoonmaker, St. Paul. In the foreground of the picture above are seen Governor Joseph A. A. Burnquist, addressing the artillerymen, and behind him, Adjutant General Walter F. Rhinow. Colonel Leach and members of the 1st Battalion, then stationed at Fort Snelling, are shown below.] I I ORDERED TO FRANCE 19 left Fort Snelling on September 4 in two trains of twenty-five cars each, some freight cars and others tourist sleepers. The following quotation from the Minneapolis Journal of that day affords a glimpse of the departure: Early in the day the men packed their final belongings and threw them on the baggage wagons. The mule teams trotted away to the loading platforms and the dunnage was packed into the waiting freight cars. Tents were struck and thrown aboard the cars. Then the sanitary squads started cleaning camp, and the closing feature of the field was that of a series of bonfires, scattered groups of sightseers and here and there a gopher gunner of the final detail preparing to get away to the trains. The men were in high spirits. Along the sides of the cars they had hung banners bearing slogans expressing the lack of regard in which they held the enemy. There were to be weeks of railroad and ocean travel, a long period of training, nine months on the firing line, and five months of peaceful occupation of defeated Germany before the regiment would head for home again, but the men on board the two-section train were not worrying about the future - they were going across! The journey east was without incident. The 1st Battalion reached Camp Mills in the early morning on September 8, in a pouring rain. The 2nd Battalion, which had entrained at Fort Riley on September 5, arrived on September 9, and the regiment was again united.12 Meanwhile other guard units had been coming in from all parts of the country and by September 13 the concentration of the division had been effected. Inasmuch as the animals belonging to the various units had been gathered at Old Point Comfort for a separate crossing to France, the drill of the artillery units was naturally somewhat hampered. But the days were nevertheless busy ones, during which the men were occupied with foot drill, practice marches, and the 12Manuscript diary of Colonel George E. Leach. This diary, perhaps unique of its kind, contains daily entries describing the experiences of the regiment and of its commander from the time of its departure for Camp Mills to January 30, 1919. Entries were made also, in briefer form, in a second diary to insure the preservation of a record in the event of the loss of the original. Unless otherwise noted succeeding references are to the original manuscript diary, a copy of which is in the possession of the Minnesota War Records Commission. It has been published with some additions under the title War Diary (Minneapolis, 1923). 20 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY completion of equipment. There were also Sunday and holiday leaves, of which the men made the most, enjoying the whole-hearted hospitality of eastern families, a hospitality none the less appreciated because it was unexpected by some of the men who believed that this cordial spirit was limited to the Middle West. Upon joining the division the 151st began to lose something of its distinctive character as an all-Minnesota unit. From this time on, the personnel requirements of the regiment, whether in the matter of increments or replacements, were met for the most part by the transfer to the 151st of officers and men from other units and from various army training schools and camps. As a result, the regiment ultimately included hundreds of men from other states, but it remained a predominantly Minnesota organization. On September 23 the entire division passed in review before the secretary of war, with whom were Major General Tasker H. Bliss, the new chief of staff of the army, Major General William A. Mann, division commander, and Colonel Douglas MacArthur, division chief of staff. A remarkable tribute was paid the 151st Field Artillery on the occasion of a visit and inspection by Major General William C. Gorgas, surgeon-general of the army, a few days later. He complimented the unit in the highest terms upon the sanitary condition of its camp, stating that in Washington the regiment ranked as one of the three best in the army.13 At last the supreme moment arrived. On October 18 the 151st Field Artillery, together with other units of the Rainbow Division, embarked for France. The transport of American troops to Europe will always be regarded as one of the epic phases of the great struggle. During the earlier months, before the machinery of transport was in the smoothest running order, the transatlantic voyage was likely to be marked by many trials and vicissitudes. No more vivid account of such a voyage has appeared than that contained in the diary of Colonel Leach from which the following passages have been taken: Thursday, October I8. Mess at 5 A.M. in dark. Broke camp at 7:30 and boarded train for Long Island City, transferred to ferry and went to Hoboken. Went aboard SS. Transport President Lincoln 1lMinneapolis Journal, September 27, 1917. ORDERED TO FRANCE 21 at 11 A.M. Made inspection of men's quarters at 2 P.M. Dinner at 6 P.M. After a conference with General Summerall14 in which we were given ship instructions, visited all quarters and talked to the men about safety measures. Inspected guard at all bulkheads and at 10 P.M. after slipping down New York Harbor without lights we anchored off Sandy Hook to await the rest of the convoy. Friday, October 19. We are out of sight of land this morning and there are several battleships and transports in sight. The ocean is calm. Morning spent in drill and exercise of men. With 6,000 men on board each man is allowed 45 minutes twice a day on deck. Am in command of men in aft part of ship including 600 negro stevedores. The air below deck is getting very bad and men are sick; the holds are tough places to live. Not enough deck room for all men at once. The sea is getting up. Life belts are worn all the time and the ship is dark at night with no smoking on deck. Saturday, October 20. 400 miles east of Hatteras at sunrise. Sea is rough and most of the men sick. Whole day spent in drill and inspection below decks. Two men lost overboard in convoy last night. So many of the officers are sick that it makes a tough day for the rest. The hold and decks at times look simply hopeless with filth and all you can do is to keep at it. Details for work get sick before they report and it is a constant fight to get things done. Tonight the sea is not running so high. Sunday, October 21. Sea calm and sky blue. Inspection of ship at 9 A.M. and found conditions a little improved with not so many men sick. Abandon ship drill at 2 P.M. but it was a failure and the General put several officers in arrest. Measles and mumps broke out among my negro soldiers today and Companies F and G are quarantined below deck. This complicates an already tough situation. Target practice by SS. Grant this P.M. Report Albany sunk by a submarine at 11 A.M. Am seasick and going on my nerve. Now have 4,000 men in my part of ship with only one field officer, McDonald, to help. Monday, October 22. Weather fine this morning with a good sea rolling. Inspection of hold at 9 A.M. and found conditions very much improved. No new cases of measles in stevedore hold. Man overboard cruiser at 10 A.M. and destroyer dropped astern to pick him up. At 12 P.M., 900 miles out and one point south of N.Y. Fleet sailing on sealed orders opened each day with positions of all ships designated for following afternoon. Rain squall at 2 P.M. during abandon ship drill but it went off well and the general complimented us. The spirit of the men much better tonight. Bright moonlight tonight and bad for us, as subs can make us out for miles. Tuesday, October 23. Sea calm and the day beautiful. Inspection ship at 9 A.M. Conditions much improved. 9:30-abandon ship drill. SS. Grant broke down and turned back for N.Y. with one of the 14Brigadier General Charles P. Summerall, commander of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, to which the 151st Regiment belonged. 22 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY destroyers. At noon 1,200 miles east and south of N.Y. and 200 miles from Azores. No new cases of measles in hold. One man in 151st in sick bay. This afternoon all ships had target practice with 6" guns. Ships in turn towed targets that resembled periscopes. The course this P.M. is N. E. The general called me into his stateroom this evening and complimented me on the discipline and condition of my part of ship, also for staying on the job when sick. Wednesday, October 24. Rain and clear in turn all day. At abandon ship drill all life lines and ladders were lowered. Confidential wireless message received that a 'German raider sank seven merchant ships and two destroyers last night in the North Sea. One army transport west bound sank in five minutes and 90 of crew lost. We will be half way across at end of today's run. Illinois band played concert aft this P.M. At life preserver inspection it was found that the ship is short 300 for number of men. Raining tonight. Thursday, October 25. Left N.Y. week ago today and at noon are 1,600 miles east. The ship's captain, Stirling, had a luncheon party for General Summerall and myself at noon. This is the first time I have seen him as he seldom leaves the bridge. All boats were let down to deck C and all rafts unlashed and placed along the rail. The sea is up and the wind blowing a gale with squalls of rain. No abandon ship drill today on account of sea running. Friday, October 26. Engines were broken down for an hour this morning and we rolled in the trough of the sea but are on our way now in good shape. S. 0. S. report of a ship sinking 100 miles N. E. - struck by a torpedo. The ship made no answer.15 An oil tanker met us this A.M. with fuel for the destroyers. The ship broke down for an hour today and rolled in the sea while the rest of the fleet steamed in a circle around her. It is cold and cloudy and hard to keep warm, the wind being very raw. Saturday, October 27. Cold and cloudy - passed a sailing vessel at daylight and the destroyer searched her. Worked all day making final arrangements for abandoning the ship in case of disaster. We are four days off our final destination tonight and from now on all officers remain at their posts. The air is like winter, and the water is very cold so that a plunge does not look as attractive as it did back in the Gulf Stream. From now on we will be in the acute submarine and mine danger zone. Sunday, October 28. Every one spent the day looking for submarines and the additional convoy which we should meet soon now. At noon we were about 800 miles off the coast of France and directly between the north and south lanes of steamer traffic. All ships keep zigzagging at a loss of a knot an hour. Church at 10 and 2 and a band concert in the afternoon. "5To have answered would have involved the risk of informing an enemy submarine of the position of the President Lincoln. False SOS calls were sometimes sent out by German submarine commanders for this very purpose. ORDERED TO FRANCE 23 Monday, October 29. We have missed the navy escort which was to have taken us into port. Very stormy all day. Band concert as usual. Almost every one spent his time on deck looking for subs. In the morning the De Kalb gave a false alarm. At midnight the destroyer fleet met us after hunting for two days and they were a welcome sight. The cruiser and destroyer that left N.Y. with us immediately started back for N.Y. Tuesday, October 30. This is our most dangerous day and at this writnig, 6:30 P.M. Passed an abandoned lifeboat in the afternoon. Received wireless that two German subs had been seen headed our way off south of Ireland. The situation has been very tense all day. Remained on deck almost all night and at 4 A.M. saw the lights of Belle Ile. The excitement ran very high and judging from the conversation of the ship's officers we had a long run. At 3:30 A.M. a merchant ship was torpedoed 10 miles ahead of us. Wednesday, October 31. This morning in a rain we steamed up the Loire River and I had my first glimpse of France and it looked beautiful. At 6:30 P.M. we tied up in the river at Saint Nazaire and spent the evening on board. Had a musical entertainment in the salon at dinner. Every one feels very happy and relieved. This ends 14 days at sea under the most trying circumstances but it has been the great experience of my life to date. When we landed at Saint Nazaire we learned that the convoy was warned at 4 A.M. on the 31st that seven submarines were waiting for us but by changing the course 45~ we missed them. Saint Nazaire is a seaport town in Brittany on the Bay of Biscay.l6 For three days the men remained aboard the President Lincoln, the night of Thursday, November 2, being devoted to the unloading of freight. Never was freight handled with more speed and efficiency, for the soldiers, wearied by a sea voyage which had some discomforts that even Columbus' men had failed to experience, were eager to set foot on land. The Minnesota regiment paraded ashore on the afternoon of Friday, November 3, under a brightly shining sun, through flower-strewn streets lined with men, women, and children who greeted the Americans as their saviors. The children, delighted with the band, marched the whole way, under the men's feet most of the time. Toward the end of the parade, the 16News of the arrival of the first detachment of Minnesota troops in France came on October 13, when Governor Burnquist received the following cablegram from Lieutenant Colonel William H. Donahue, of the 151st: "I have the honor to report the first arrival of Minnesota troops in France." Lieutenant Colonel Donahue was in charge of an advance party sent across to make preliminary arrangements. Minneapolis Journal, October 13, 1917. For further information about the voyage see the documents on pages 204 to 209. 24 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY regimental band, which had made the voyage across on the steamship Covington, rejoined the regiment, and the men marched back to the transport to the strains of their own musicians. They were not permitted to break ranks on this occasion, and it was not until the next day, November 4, when every man was given shore leave, that the Americans really fraternized with the French. This shore leave was the occasion of the men's first real acquaintance with France, then wildly enthusiastic over the coming of the Americans; it meant their first experience with vin rouge and vin blanc and the first shouts of " Vive la France" in response to French shouts of " Vive l'Amerique." It meant their first struggle with the French language and the first chance to pat the blue-coated poilus on the back and tell them to cheer up, that the war would soon be over, all of which meant nothing to the poilus but drew from them enthusiastic oui, oui's. The next day the regiment set out for the camp where it was to train before proceeding to the front. General Pershing and his staff had drawn up careful plans for the training of American troops, which called for a schedule covering approximately three months and a half, in three phases, as follows: (1) a period of training in camps, with artillery and infantry separate; (2) a period of instruction in the front-line trenches of a quiet sector, the infantry to be supported, when circumstances permitted, by its own guns; and (3) a final phase, during which the infantry and artillery were once more to be grouped in training camps, practicing concerted maneuvers. These plans were of course not at all rigid and were subject to frequent change and modification.7 The 42nd Division entered upon the first of these three phases soon after its arrival in France, the artillery and infantry being sent to separate places for their respective courses of training. Coetquidan, one of the camps designated for the training of artillery units, was the center to which the 67th Brigade-exclusive of the 117th Trench Mortar Battery, which was sent to Langres - was assigned. The ammunition train was also detached and was ordered to accompany 7Jacques Aldebert de Pineton, comte de Chambrun, and Charles, comte de Marenches, The American Army in the European Conflict, 58 (New York, 1919). ORDERED TO FRANCE 25 the artillery brigade. The remainder of the division was ordered to the Vaucouleurs area in Lorraine, near Toul, within sound of the guns at the front. Thus during the initial period of training the artillery and the infantry of the Rainbow Division were separated by the width of France.18 The 151st Field Artillery, as part of the 67th Brigade, was ordered to Coetquidan. On November 5 the men left St. Nazaire and marched four kilometers, or about two miles and a half, to an old French army camp. Here the entire regiment was put to clearing the old frame barracks, which had only floors of sand and in which there were no beds or cots. Incidentally, the men began to experience some of the real discomforts of war - rain, filth, and vermin. This day was saddened also by the death of Private Harold M. Barber of Battery D, who succumbed to heart failure as a result of overexertion, the first loss since the mobilization in June.19 On November 11 the 2nd Battalion of the 151st left for Coetquidan, having been designated an advance party to prepare the new camp for the rest of the brigade. The equipment had been loaded the night before and at four o'clock in the morning the battalion was under way. It was the first experience of the regiment with French trains. On the side of each of the little wooden cars into which the men were crowded was painted in large letters the legend 40 Hommes -8 Chezaux. Just what this meant no one knew until some linguist passed the word that hommes was French for " men " and chevaux for "horses." This phrase became a standing joke among the American soldiers in France. The battalion proceeded by rail to Guer, a little town near Coetquidan, and from there it marched a distance of about eight kilometers, or five miles, to the new camp, which was located on the top of a hill commanding a good view of the surrounding country. The task of preparing the camp for the artillery brigade was not a pleasant one, for it '8Raymond S. Tompkins, The Story of the Rainbow Division, 20 (New York, 1919). The final elements of the division did not arrive in France until December 3, according to a statement in Brief Histories of Divisions, U.S. Army, 1917-1918, p. 55 (mimeograph), issued by the Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff, in June, 1921. l9Barber was especially popular and his loss was greatly regretted. He was buried two days later with appropriate military ceremonies in the town cemetery. His body was later removed to Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis. 26 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY was in a filthy state when the detachment arrived; the barracks, which had recently been occupied by German prisoners, were new and equipped with stoves and bunks, but were sorely in need of a thorough cleaning. After a week's hard work, however, the place was transformed. Meanwhile, the remainder of the brigade, still encamped near St. Nazaire, with Colonel Leach in temporary command, was becoming impatient to move. At last, on the evening of November 16, came the order to load equipment, and at three o'clock on the next morning another detachment of the regiment was on its way. It was dark when the men reached Coetquidan, after a day on the French trains, spent in an endeavor to keep warm. The final detachment of the 151st arrived from St. Nazaire on the evening of the eighteenth. As soon as it had settled in its new quarters the artillery brigade was initiated into the mysteries of modern warfare. The men drilled, and both commissioned and noncommissioned officers attended schools. Much of the instruction was given by French officers and enlisted men who had been assigned to this duty. It was at Coetquidan that the men first made the acquaintance of the graceful war maiden, Mile. Soixante-quinze, who was to play such an important role in the history of the American army. From the start they were enchanted with the French seventy-five-millimeter gun, for it was much lighter and easier to handle than the old American three-inch piece and it possessed other qualities which made it the finest light-artillery gun of the war. The affection of the American artillerymen for this marvel of modern warfare still exists, after they have returned to the work of civil life. He who maligns Mile. Soixante-quinze maligns the American artilleryman. Many other new sights and experiences awaited the Minnesotans at Coetquidan. There they first came in contact with German war prisoners, of whom there were six thousand in the camp, employed on the roads and artillery ranges. For the most part they impressed the newcomers as a stolid, uninteresting lot, dressed in their old gray uniforms with the initials "P.G. "- prisonnier de guerre- on the backs of their coats and wearing their little round fatigue caps. It was the testimony of all observers that they were ORDERED TO FRANCE 27 very dirty and very hungry. Held by the French to rations small in quantity and unvarying in kind, they fought for choice morsels of bone and meat in the Americans' garbage piles, and these they dropped into the sacks which they carried around their waists on their way to work. To keep the garbage out of their reach, it was necessary to put it in galvanized iron cans with covers. The American soldier on his arrival could not fail to sympathize with these prisoners, enemies though they were, and, despite orders to the contrary, many were the cigarettes and bits of food presented when officers were absent from the scene. For the next three months the artillery brigade received an intensive training at Camp Coetquidan. Both officers and men worked as never before. During much of the time the daily schedule lasted from seven-thirty in the morning until eight in the evening, with an hour off at noon. The same routine was followed day after day, varied only occasionally by band concerts, drill contests between batteries, the visits of distinguished personages, the observance of holidays, and short leaves to the beautiful little city of Rennes, a few miles to the northeast. It was a period of gun drill and firing practice and all the accessory activities. On December 3, Batteries A and E of the 151st delivered the first artillery fire of the Rainbow Division in France. In snow and mud, subject to much hardship and privation, the regiment hammered away in preparation for the day when it would go to the front. Some who worked at the guns and with the horses were inadequately clothed and shod and they shivered with the cold; in some cases the men's bare feet stuck through their shoes. The French co-operated in all of the work and the officers of the 151st will not soon forget Lieutenant A. Henriot, one of the French officers who was attached to the Minnesota unit and who assisted greatly in the training of the outfit. The interest and enthusiasm of the men were kept at a high pitch by weekly competitive drills among the batteries of the brigade. It had been announced that the winning battery would be given the privilege of firing the first shot against the enemy. The 151st made a splendid showing in the competition: Battery A carried off highest honors for the brigade on at least four occasions, 28 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and at one time the Minnesota batteries led all others competing.20 But the hard work was by no means confined to the enlisted men. The officers attended schools in the evenings and both brigade and regimental commanders burned the midnight oil studying the map problems assigned to them. The higher units had field problems to work out, oftentimes under most trying conditions, such as rain and mud, and in these maneuvers the Minnesota regiment soon learned to participate with machine-like precision. The sanitary inspector reported on November 23 that the 151st Regiment was the cleanest in camp - a most creditable showing when it is recalled that there were six regiments there at that time. Probably sanitary conditions were responsible for the good health of the regiment. Although there was considerable sickness at the camp during November, the sick rate of the 151st appears to have been relatively low. Private Lloyd J. Sherman of Battery E died of pneumonia on December 1. His was the second death in the regiment. Some concern was felt over the appearance in January of two cases of infantile paralysis, but fortunately the disease did not spread further. Private George W. Peterson of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, a member of Battery C, who was one of the men stricken, died of meningitis on January 15. A most distressing accident occurred on January 24, when the Minnesota regiment suffered its first casualties at the guns. The accident occurred on the range, four kilometers from camp, while the batteries of the regiment were laying down a heavy practice barrage. For some reason never determined Number 3 gun in Battery E burst. Corporal Walter H. Buckley, gunner, of Delano, Minnesota, and Private George Benjamin of Chicago, Number 1 man of the breech, were blown to pieces and three others of the gun squad wounded. In spite of the confusion, not another gun faltered and the barrage went on while medical men aided the shattered gun crew; the training at Coetquidan was telling its story. The two men were buried with military honors on January 25. They were victims of an accident which had many parallels in the 20For the relative standing of the various batteries of the brigade in the proficiency tests of January 5, 1918, see page 209. ORDERED TO FRANCE 29 French army and later in the American army. Their deaths had a profound effect on the members of the regiment, and henceforth there was a noticeable decline in their kindly interest in German prisoners. Many visits were exchanged between American and French officers and officials. On November 27, for example, General Summerall gave a military reception in honor of the commander of the tenth regional division, General Albert Gerard Leo d'Amade,21 the prefect of the province, and the mayor of Rennes. The 151st regimental band played on this occasion. Thanksgiving Day, which came on November 29, was observed in true American style. Drill was dispensed with and at noon there was a turkey dinner for every man in the regiment. A vaudeville show and band concert heightened the spirit of the occasion. During the day the "noncoms" challenged the privates to a football game which resulted in the privates walking over their opponents to the tune of 24 to 0. Christmas Day was like a rift in the clouds. The regiment staged a vaudeville and minstrel show with Lieutenant Charles J. Bradley as manager and Wilbur Smith and "Scotty" (Burns R.) McMillen as stars. A special dinner was served and packages were distributed, each of which contained toilet articles, socks, and chocolate. Very few of the men had received the remembrances sent to them personally by their families and these impersonal bundles helped immensely. The gifts were purchased with the proceeds of a benefit vaudeville performance planned by the Minneapolis Journal and staged in the Minneapolis Auditorium on March 7, i917, and were sent to the officers and men of the 151st Field Artillery as a remembrance from the people of St. Paul and Minneapolis. In spite of transportation difficulties they arrived in time to be distributed before Christmas, and a short message of appreciation was at once cabled to the people of the two cities. The following extract from a letter written by one of the men of the regiment is worth quoting: 2"General d'Amade had rendered useful assistance to Sir John French in the retreat from Mons and had served with distinction in the campaign at Gallipoli in 1915. 30 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY This is one of the best things that the folks at home ever did. The gifts arrived at a time when the men were thinking of the ones at home and of the distance that separated them. Many of the boys were away from home at Christmas for the first time in their lives. It was a solemn, almost religious, ceremony, that opening of the presents. We will never forget that we were not forgotten.22 While the men of the regiment were observing the day at Camp Coetquidan, thirteen hundred French war orphans were their guests in the city of Rennes thirty miles away. More than fifteen hundred francs had been subscribed by the Minnesota soldiers and a committee appointed to arrange the festivities. The children were given a real Christmas theater party at the Rennes opera house for which the regimental band furnished the music. From the Christmas tree each child received candy and presents at the hands of Minnesota soldiers acting as Santas. It was the first Christmas celebration in three years for most of the French children and they showed it. For the soldiers who had been detailed to assist with the celebration, it was the best Christmas in history, even though they were thousands of miles away from home. Two important changes in the higher command took place during this period of training. Major General William A. Mann, division commander, was succeeded on December 15 by Major General Charles T. Menoher. Brigadier General Charles P. Summerall, who had been relieved from command of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and who had departed on December 21 to assume command of the 1st Field Artillery Brigade, was succeeded on December 29 by Brigadier General Charles H. McKinstry. Thus the period of training sped by - weeks filled with much hard work, but with some pleasure as well. The question uppermost in the mind of each man and officer was " When do we go to the front?" The answer came on February 15, 1918, when orders arrived which were to bring the regiment into the line.23 22Biennial Report of the adjutant general, 1917-18, p. 126. 23The following interesting note appears in Colonel Leach's diary under date of February 13: "Louis Collins arrived from Minneapolis today to enlist in the regiment. In the evening I had the band play a complimentary concert for him at the French officers' club. "- Editor. III. IN THE LORRAINE LINE1 For three months the Rainbow Division had remained in its training areas back of the lines, receiving a thorough course of instruction in the methods of warfare employed on the western front. The next step necessary was to acquire actual front-line experience in a quiet sector, under French supervision. Orders directing the division to make preparations for proceeding to the front were received in the middle of February, 1918. The three artillery regiments and the ammunition train, it will be recalled, were separated by almost the width of France from the main body of the division, which was at that time located in what was known as the Rolampont area in Lorraine.2 No ceremony marked the departure of the 151st Field Artillery from Coetquidan. Early in the morning of February 18 the Headquarters Company, including the band, marched to Guer, four miles away, where it entrained; wagons and equipment were loaded on flat cars; men and horses occupied the little French box cars which, according to the legends painted on their sides, were designed to accommodate forty men or eight horses. Eight horses, it was true, could be comfortably housed in one of these cars, but certainly not forty men of the physical proportions of the average American soldier. Thirty men was the limit. Blankets were unrolled and beds made on the hard board floors of the cars. Officially there was no hay or straw for bedding, but most of the men managed, by a 1Documents relating to this phase of the regiment's service in France will be found on pages 211 to 227. 2The remainder of the Rainbow Division had first been sent for separate training to the Vaucouleurs area near Toul. It became necessary to evacuate this region and on December 11 this greater part of the division began its march southward to the La Fauche area, a distance of about fifty-five kilometers. Two weeks later the organization again moved southward, this time for a distance of about seventy-five kilometers, past Chaumont, to the Rolampont area south of Langres. Shipley Thomas, The History of the A. E. F., 46, 47 (New York, 1920); De Chambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 128; Wolf, Rainbow Division, 8. 31 32 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY series of maneuvers which were not too carefully watched by officers, to procure at least enough hay to take the edge off the air drafts which penetrated the French carpentry of the car floors. The first section, carrying the Headquarters Company, left Guer at noon and other sections, carrying the six batteries, followed. The destination, of which the men themselves were ignorant at the time of their departure, was the Baccarat subsector of the Luneville sector3 in French Lorraine, almost due west of Strassburg, once the French capital of Lorraine but since 1871 a German stronghold. Here the front line had been practically stationary since the German retreat following the first Battle of the Marne in 1914. An uncomfortable journey, occupying two days and two nights, faced the regiment; the weather was cold and the food consisted almost entirely of "tin" rations of cold tomatoes, salmon, and "bully beef," with French hard-tack on the side. When it comes to a question of qualities of endurance, the 151st will back that French hard-tack against any surviving hard-tack of the Civil War. In two or three of the cities along the way French Red Cross women won the gratitude of the men by serving hot coffee, and on one or two of the train sections ambitious cooks improvised kitchens and made coffee, but hot drink and hot food were not the rule on that trip nor on any which followed. Luxury had been left behind at Coetquidan. The route to Lorraine lay south of Paris - through Versailles, Fontainebleau, Troyes, Chaumont, where were located the general headquarters of the A. E. F., and Neufchateau. The unfamiliarity of the country through which they were passing and the certainty that their outfit was at last " going in " combined to make this first journey to the front more of a lark to the men than those which followed. Not a man was downhearted at least not one would admit it. In each car much of the talk turned on the imminence of death, but its general tone was hardly characteristic of the usual discussion of this serious subject. " I'll give you just a week to live " and " A month from now you'll be thirty days dead " were remarks 3The term "sector" is often rather loosely used and in general means simply a portion of the battle line. The Baccarat sector, or subsector, as it was sometimes called, was that portion of the Luneville sector, some sixteen kilometers in width, lying in front of the town of Baccarat. IN THE LORRAINE LINE 33 typical of the outward attitude, at least, of the regiment, and, for that matter, of the entire American army in France. The men were going in to do what they had come to do and they were going in much as they would have gone to a musical comedy back in their home towns. French women and children along the route waved to the passing Americans, but not with the enthusiasm they displayed later, after the American soldiers had proved their worth at Cantigny and Chateau-Thierry. At this time the French were beginning to doubt whether the American army was ever to be an actual factor in the outcome of the war, and, although they were too tactful to voice their scepticism, it was clearly revealed in their dampened enthusiasm. On February 20 and 21 the various units detrained in the vicinity of Baccarat, a little city famous for its cut-glass industry, and began marching through the rain toward their positions in the line. As they proceeded they came upon evidences of the German offensive of 1914 and physical discomfort was forgotten in the thought that at last they were on the scene of actual fighting. Here and there in woods and fields along the road were graves of Frenchmen who had fallen in their attempt to stem the German tide in 1914, as well as graves of Germans who had fallen on French soil. Occasionally the men saw ruins of buildings which had been destroyed and shallow trenches which proved that the French had made some preparation for the invaders. But not until the marching columns reached Baccarat did they see the wholesale destruction caused by shell fire. This little city, which was to be the regimental base of supplies for the next four months, had been the scene of hard fighting. Here the French had made a stand against the German offensive in 1914 and 'here the Germans, in turn, in their retreat after the first Battle of the Marne, had endeavored to stop the oncoming French. South of the river which runs through the town a solid square of stone buildings, the main part of the city, had been bombarded and destroyed by German guns; irregular walls and piles of brick and stone were all that revealed where a school house, retail stores, and residences had once stood. The bridge crossing the river had been the scene of an infantry struggle; a 34 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY church on the south side and buildings on the north side had been scarred with machine-gun bullets. In Baccarat, too, the regiment heard for the first time the noise of the guns at the front; it was not a continuous rumble, for the sector was quiet, but still it told a. different story from that of the guns on the range at Camp Coetquidan. The 42nd Division had been attached to the 7th Corps of the French army and was to receive its front-line training under French supervision. Four French divisions, all of them famous, formed the 7th Corps and were holding the extreme right of the Lorraine line on a front extending from Dombasle in a southeasterly direction to Baccarat. Near Dombasle was the French 41st Division; next, to the right, were the 164th and the 14th divisions; and at the extreme right, holding the Baccarat sector on a front of sixteen kilometers, was the 128th Division under Brigadier General Etienne Segonne. It was to this last division that the 151st Field Artillery was assigned, as well as the 167th (4th Alabama) and the 168th (3rd Iowa) infantry regiments and the 117th Trench Mortar Battery.4 These American units were placed under French brigade and regimental commanders- the 151st under Colonel Adolphe Eugene E. La Riviere-although the French manifested little disposition to exercise authority. They were eager to aid the Americans and they believed in co-operation. But the Americans were green soldiers and they must demonstrate their efficiency before sectors of the front could be safely relinquished to them. The headquarters of the 42nd Division were established at Luneville. The Lorraine front, where the lines had been stationary for three years, was in a rolling country of fields and forests. To the north and east, overlooking the front lines, were the Vosges 4An army corps is composed of two or more divisions placed under a single command for the purpose of facilitating the direction and co-ordination of operations. The corps has no hard and fast organization but divisions may be assigned to, or detached from it, in order to meet the exigencies which arise. One battalion of the 150th Field Artillery was attached to the 41st French Division; the 165th Infantry and elements of the 149th Field Artillery to the 164th French Division; and the 166th Infantry and the remainder of the 149th Field Artillery to the 14th French Division. Wolf, Rainbow Division, 11. 6The 151st Field Artillery, in matters affecting operations, was for the time being under the orders of the headquarters of the 128th French Division rather than of the Rainbow Division. BA CCA2 A T 3Ec TOP mum5ec~,rLESE)VA2eP 2/V5/t *e **6ertnon F-r,,7' LU7 e '%-.-~~~~~~~~110 [The divisional sector limits as here defined are applicable only to the period af ter March 29. During its first month of service in Lorraine the 42nd Division was spread along a broader front. The 151st Field Artillery occupied approximately the same portion of the Baccarat sector during hoth periods.] IN THE LORRAINE LINE 35 Mountains with their great forests of magnificent pines. In the valleys below, the land which had been carefully tilled before the war now presented a dreary outlook of brown, uncultivated fields. All villages within six kilometers of the front line had been destroyed or damaged by shell fire; farmhouses were in ruins. Little of this destruction had been recent, however, as for several months the sector had been a quiet one. The topography of the region was such that a break through in force by either side was practically out of the question, and any attempt to accomplish it would have resulted only in great loss of life and material, and failure. Occasional raids and counter-attacks had taken place but, as in other so-called " quiet" sectors, there had come to be a mutual understanding, unwritten and unofficial, of course, not to molest the towns and villages back of the lines. All of them sheltered soldiers and supplies, but as the lines were stationary the benefit to be derived by either side from shelling one of them was not commensurate with the effort and expense involved. If the Germans destroyed a French town, the French artillerymen retaliated by battering down a town occupied by the Germans. The result was this tacit agreement to refrain from attack. As a means of enforcing it, each side had adopted a system of reprisals to be put into effect should the other party transgress and fire into a town which was on the unwritten immunity list. This policy of reprisals also applied to some extent to shell fire on roads and on battery positions. The batteries marched through Baccarat and on toward the front. Upon its arrival, the 1st Battalion established its echelon6 in a hardwood grove on the side of a steep hill east of the town of Vacqueville, about six kilometers northeast of Baccarat, and a wood south of the town of Gelacourt furnished the site for the 2nd Battalion echelon. Thus it is apparent that the 1st Battalion, comprising Batteries A, B, and C, occupied the right of the regimental position, while the 2nd, including Batteries D, E, and F, occupied the 6The term "echelon," in the technical military sense, is applied to a certain tactical arrangement of military units. As used above, however, the word is roughly equivalent to "position," being used to designate the positions occupied by the limbers, caissons, and horses of the various batteries or artillery battalions. Battery echelons were always in the rear of the gun emplacements. 36 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY left. As barracks had not been completed, the men were obliged to sleep in " pup tents " in the rain. Under cover of darkness, on the night of February 23, the guns went into positions designated by the French. The days immediately preceding had been dark and rainy and there had been little aerial or artillery activity. The occupation of gun positions was, therefore, simply a matter of hard work in the rain. Batteries A and B occupied old French gun positions on the hills east of Pexonne and south of Badonviller, about four kilometers from the French front-line trenches. The guns of Battery C had new positions at the north edge of a large quarry south of Batteries A and B. The 1st Battalion headquarters, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Donahue commanding, were at Pexonne. Batteries D and E occupied new positions, the former south of Vaxainville, the latter north of that village. Battery F occupied an old French position near Pettonville. These 2nd Battalion positions, about five kilometers west of those of the 1st Battalion, were in the open, along roads. Battalion headquarters, Major John H. McDonald in charge, were at Migneville. For over a week the 151st Field Artillery, new at the business of war, worked night and day; in rain and snow, building new gun positions and dugouts, erecting new barracks and improving old ones, hauling ammunition to guns and supplies to echelons and battery positions. On the one or two occasions when the sun came out, only to make a bow and disappear, the men had their first glimpse of aerial warfare, for the Germans, evidently suspicious of some new move in the sector, seized these opportunities to fly over in search of information. They were met by French aviators and a few air skirmishes took place, none of which resulted in casualties. Occasionally the Germans shelled roads or suspected battery positions in the sector and the American batteries then retaliated, but for the most part the artillerymen spent their time digging in the mud. Never will the men of the 42nd Division forget the mud of Lorraine. Comrades may be forgotten, details of fighting go glimmering, marches and campaigns become hazy, but that awful February-March battle with the mud of Lorraine will stand out in IN THE LORRAINE LINE 37 their memories until final taps are sounded over the last surviving member of the division. For ten days the men of the 151st ate in mud, worked in mud, slept in mud, and dreamed of mud-when the mud would let them sleep. The picket lines in the echelons were in the mud; the men had to wallow through mud to get to the horses; and the horses had to wallow through mud to get to water. Every day it rained or snowed and the already villainous character of the mud became even more villainous. Mud is mud but there is no mud like that of Lorraine. It is the wettest in the world and the dirtiest; the most treacherous and the coldest; the deepest and by far the muddiest. Certain mud is praised for its curative properties and some people bathe in it by choice; the very young have even been known to eat it. But even the worms, not generally credited with any great amount of selfrespect, have too much pride to live in the mud of Lorraine. But in spite of the mud the men kept up their courage and "carried on." Each night large supplies of ammunition were carried forward in preparation for the fighting which was believed to be imminent in the sector. Only the rattle of harness and wheels, and perhaps an occasional oath, betrayed the movements of the ammunition trains as they plodded forward through mud and darkness, in fair weather and foul, along roads intermittently shelled by the Germans. Immense endurance and no little courage were required, but the men could always be depended upon to finish the appointed task before daylight. During the period of training each American battery was attached for purposes of instruction to a French battery. Positions were reconnoitered, communications established, and firing maps drawn up. There was also registering fire, in the adjustment of which airplanes co-operated.7 With the data thus secured the batteries could deliver accurate fire at invisible targets, by night or by day, by simply adding or subtracting the amount of deflection or by increasing or shortening the range. The adjustment once made, the firing was done from maps, though it was necessary each day 7See page 212 for a twelve-day program of studies and exercises to be carried out together by the batteries of the 2nd Battalion of the 151st and those of the French artillery to which they were attached. 38 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY to correct the firing data for windage, condition of ammunition, and atmospheric changes. Great care was used to conceal battery positions from the enemy. One method was to pull a gun out of its regular position during the night and to fire from another location. The gun was then dragged back before daylight and often the men had the satisfaction of watching the enemy shell the spot where the flash had been observed during the night.8 The first real test came on the night of March 3. Shortly after midnight the Germans began shelling an area in front of Badonviller, about equidistant from that town and Neuviller. The fire increased in intensity and at dawn the enemy laid down a box barrage9 about the position occupied by a company of the 168th (3rd Iowa) Infantry. The infantrymen who were attacked resisted valiantly and they were supported by the artillery in the rear, all the batteries of the 151st coming into action. The Germans did not succeed in penetrating the allied line and after considerable losses on both sides, their attack was repulsed. On March 5 the 151st suffered its first casualties in battle. At noon on that day, while the men were in mess line, the enemy, whose airplanes had been active over the lines during the two preceding days, began shelling the positions occupied by the 1st Battalion. The guns of Battery C had been placed near the crest of a large, deep stone quarry, and dugouts in this quarry sheltered the men of the battery when they were not at the guns. Sergeant Theodor Petersen of the Medical Corps, Lieutenant Alexander W. Terrell, and Privates Charles Danielson, Emil F. Kraft, and Walter G. Smith were severely wounded. Petersen, after being hit, instructed the men of the Medical Corps to attend to the other wounded men and directed them in their work. When gas shells began to fall, Captain Philip J. McCauley ordered the men to put on gas masks. While the work of caring for the wounded was in progress, Petersen tested for gas, refusing to permit his men to re8Leach, War Diary, 38, 40. 9The purpose of the "box barrage" is to enclose the area occupied by a detachment of the enemy so as to cut it off from support from the flanks or from the rear and at the same time to prevent its retreat from the area so enclosed. ABANDONED QUARRY NEAR PEXONNE OCCUPIED BY BATTERY C, WHERE THE REGIMENT SUFFERED ITS FIRST CASUALTIES IN BATTLE DETACHMENT FROM BATTERY A BRINGING UP LOGS FOR GUN EMPLACEMENTS AND DUGOUTS AT PEXONNE I I I I IN THE LORRAINE LINE 39 move their masks.10 Lieutenant Terrell, though he had lost his leg, was at his own command the last man to be taken to a dugout. Colonel Leach, when informed of the shelling, started at once for the battery position with Lieutenant Colonel Donahue and Lieutenant Magon de la Giclais of the French artillery. As they approached the position, the firing, which had previously died down, was resumed, but the three officers continued their way through the fire and with some difficulty reached the battery. For this action they were later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.11 Sergeant Petersen died that night in the hospital at Baccarat - the first man of the regiment to be killed in battle. For his heroism he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the French Croix de Guerre. The following remarkable tribute to the fallen soldier was sent by General Pershing in the form of a message to the war department: "Request that you express my personal sympathy to the nearest relatives of Sergeant Petersen. After being mortally wounded Sergeant Petersen gave detailed instructions to the wounded and gave the first gas test in order to save the lives of the men about him. He was a gallant soldier and I have awarded him a distinguished service cross. Pershing." In an article published later under the direction of General Pershing, Petersen is included among one hundred men whose heroism in time of danger is described as characteristic of the American soldier: Though too weak himself to give assistance to other wounded soldiers, he supervised the treatment of his own injuries, refusing to receive assistance until all the others had been cared for. When gas shells began to fall in the vicinity he continued with unique courage to be the leading spirit of his party, directing the others in adjusting their gas masks and overseeing the aid of the wounded as far as he l0Men were not permitted to remove their masks after a gas attack until the atmosphere had been tested and found to be safe. "Awards of American decorations were published from time to time during 1918 and the years following in general orders of the war department. A compilation issued by the office of the adjutant general of the army, entitled Congressional Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, and the Distinguished Service Medal... (Washington, 1920) contains the names of all individuals who received American decorations between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1919. Lists of Americans honored with the French Croix de Guerre were published in General Orders, Nos. 51, 53, 55, 56, 60, 68, April 14, 19, 26, 28, May 5, 23, 1919; these lists are not complete, however. 40 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY could. In spite of intense suffering he rallied the spirits of his men as best he could until the arrival of the surgeon who sent him to the rear.12 Petersen was born in Denmark. Before the war he had been a swimming instructor at the Minneapolis Athletic Club. Private Kraft, whose home was in St. Paul, lost an eye and was otherwise injured in the head. It was thought for a few days that his life might be saved, but he died on April 28 in a hospital at Bordeaux after an operation. On the day after the engagement General Pershing and General Segonne of the French army visited the wounded of the 151st Field Artillery in the hospital at Baccarat, and the latter presented the injured men with the Croix (le Guerre. The action of March 5 resulted also in the award of both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre to Captain McCauley, commanding Battery C, Lieutenant Alexander W. Terrell, also of Battery C, and Lieutenant John P. Rosenwald of the Medical Corps. Captain McCauley and Lieutenant Terrell had shown great courage and skill in directing the men of the battery during the engagement; the latter, though himself wounded, had refused first aid and had continued on duty until all the wounded soldiers of the command had been cared for. Lieutenant Rosenwald, coming up in response to a telephone message, had walked coolly through heavy fire on the roads and in the quarry near the battery position in order to reach the wounded men. Lieutenant William E. Word of Richmond, Virginia, was also awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for " unusual presence of mind and initiative " displayed in connection with the operations of Battery C on this occasion. Funeral services for Sergeant Petersen and several Iowa soldiers who had been killed during the attack on the night of March 3 were conducted at Baccarat on March 6. Short addresses were given by General Segonne and Colonel Leach. At almost the same hour the Germans reopened fire on Battery C, this time killing Private Elmer J. McDonough and wounding eight others of the battery, including Private Harvey A. McPeak and Private Lawrence 12" General Pershing's 100 Heroes" in the Ladies' Home Journal, 36:76 (August, 1919). IN THE LORRAINE LINE 41 Wenell.13 While they were shelling the 1st Battalion, the Germans dropped gas in the vicinity of the guns of the 2nd Battalion with the result that seven men of Battery E were taken to the hospital. In reprisal the 151st fired five hundred gas shells on a German battery position. The first coup de main participated in by the Rainbow Division took place on March 9. The raid on the enemy's lines was carried out by French and American infantrymen, supported by their artillery in the rear. The guns of the 2nd Battalion had for this particular occasion gone into position on a hillside southeast of Badonviller, a quarter of a mile from the village. There was little cover and the positions, especially that of Battery F, were exposed to aerial observation and enemy fire, though small dugouts in the vicinity afforded some protection to the men not actually working the guns. Large quantities of ammunition had been taken to the gun positions; during a number of nights the drivers had been working on roads intermittently shelled by the Germans. It was their first experience of the sort. The artillery brigade, in co-operation with French artillery, had been ordered to fire on the German lines in what was known as the Salient de Bohome,l4 between Badonviller and Village Negre. The object was to destroy trenches and at the same time prevent the Germans from escaping to the rear by placing a barrage between their first and second lines. Under cover of this fire American and French infantry were to advance in quest of prisoners and information concerning German movements. The sun came out brightly on March 9 and at one-thirty, when the artillery began firing, there was not a cloud in the sky. The Germans evidently had some premonition of an attack, for about noon they began shelling Badonviller, the picturesque French city under a hill not two kilometers from the front line, which had been 13Wenell died the next day; McPeak died of pneumonia on April 21. Private Charles W. McLaughlin, slightly wounded on March 5, died of scarlet fever on May 19. All of these men, as well as McDonough, Sergeant Raymond F. Quinlan, and Privates John A. Bednar, Floyd R. Leseman, and Nicholas McGaughlren, were awarded the Croix de Guerre. 14The term "salient" is applied to a portion of the line forming an angle. In this case the salient projected into the allied lines. 42 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY occupied for many weeks by French machine gunners in anticipation of a German advance. Barricades of iron, wood, steel, and sandbags, many of them sheltering French machine guns, had been built across the streets of the town. To the south and east, near the guns of the 2nd Battalion of the 151st Field Artillery, were also many French machine guns. Major McDonald, commanding the 2nd Battalion, had established his headquarters in Badonviller for the day, and when the shelling began he and his men had their first opportunity to observe the attitude of French civilians who had become inured to war during the three years in which the town had been in a shell-swept zone. Again and again French officials had ordered the civilians of Badonviller to leave town, but many had refused to go and many who had gone had again returned to their homes. At the height of the shelling on this day, while the Germans were dropping high explosives in the streets about one hundred yards east of the city hall, and just after one French soldier had been killed in the street and others wounded, three women, one old, another middle-aged, and one very young, were seen sitting on the sidewalk in front of a house about a hundred yards to the south of the city hall and less than two miles away from the German lines. All were knitting. American soldiers running by motioned to them to seek refuge in cellars, but they shook their heads. "C'est la guerre," said the old woman, placidly knitting on. And all the while machine guns located in the streets were popping away at the German front lines. The occupants of the town, having survived shell fire and bombing, machine-gun fire, and gas attack, had evidently become fatalists. Within thirty minutes after the French and American guns had opened fire, at one-thirty, German planes were over the lines searching out the battery positions. Two of them, flying so low that the black crosses upon them were plainly visible, swept down over Badonviller, and, apparently indifferent to scores of machine guns firing at them, flew low over the battery positions. The gun crews of the 2nd Battalion of the 151st were plainly visible on the hillside and in a few moments gas shells began to drop near their positions. The crews were decreased in size, only enough men being IN THE LORRAINE LINE 43 held at the guns to carry out the firing program, while the others were ordered to dugouts near by. Gas shells dropped near the guns of Battery D, but the crews donned gas masks and continued firing. Twenty-five men of the battery, including Captain Hugh H. Barber, were so seriously gassed that they were later taken to the hospital, but they did not leave the guns. At five-thirty the infantry sent word that it had completed its mission, and the American and French artillery fire stopped. That night the guns of the 2nd Battalion were removed to their old positions. This engagement at Badonviller, small though it was in comparison with what was to come, was the first real battle-test for the men of the 151st- they had fired the guns in the face of enemy shells and airplane attack. For five hours the French and American fire along the entire sector front had been terrific. The 151st alone had fired 5,422 rounds -about $75,000 worth of ammunition. Regimental headquarters had been established in Merviller, west of Pexonne, where Lieutenant Colonel M. J. A. Guichard, the French officer in command of American and French artillery in this sector, had his post of command. During the Badonviller attack General McKinstry, commanding the 67th Artillery Brigade, in company with Colonel Leach and Colonel Guichard, watched the engagement from the top of an observation tower in a pine forest in the Vosges Mountains east of Badonviller; this tower, 130 feet high, was camouflaged to look exactly like a pine tree. The woods here were under German fire that day and when the officers left the tree they ran into shell fire along the road. For more than an hour they lay in the bottom of a trench while 5.9 inch shells raked woods and roads in the vicinity. The shell is no respecter of rank. During the next few days there was little activity on the Baccarat front. Occasionally the Germans raked the roads and sometimes dropped shells near battery positions, but they made no serious effort at destruction. The men worked at the guns in the mud, improving positions and firing intermittently in reprisal for German fire. In the echelons the work on barracks was continued. Every night ammunition was hauled up to gun positions. 44 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On Friday, March 15, however, signs of activity reappeared. At about noon, while Colonel Leach and Colonel Guichard were going from Battery B to Battery C, the Germans began shelling the Fenneviller road near the guns of Battery B. The two colonels left their car and made for the nearest ditch. Norman E. Cullum, driver for Colonel Leach, tried to save the machine but a shell came over and wrecked it. Cullum luckily was uninjured. One man in Battery B was wounded during this shelling and at five o'clock, when the Germans shifted their activities to Battery F, three more men were wounded before the crews could reach cover. The shelling of Battery F continued the next day. The severe shelling begun by the Germans on March 15 continued for several days, during which every battery of the 151st was under heavy fire. Battery F was shelled so heavily on March 16 that the battery position was changed that night, one gun being left in the old position to give the Germans the impression that the battery was still there. In addition to shelling battery positions with light and heavy guns, the Germans kept up an intermittent fire on roads, making it difficult to bring up supplies and ammunition. There were spasmodic attempts at cooking at the gun positions, but for the most part the men, when not firing, were held to their dugouts and lived on " tin " rations. St. Patrick's Day was celebrated with more noise than the sector had heard since the Badonviller raid on March 9, but on this occasion most of the shells were coming in toward the Americans and French. Four men in the position of Battery B were injured at noon, when the Germans got a direct hit on a dugout.l5 Just prior to this, a French corporal, a member of a French battery in a position near by, had been mortally wounded on the road near the telephone dugout. As telephone wires were down, Sergeant William F. Brandenburg of Battery B went along a shell-swept road to Pexonne for an ambulance, and for his brave conduct received the 15See the entry for March 17, 1918, in Daily Intelligence Summary, March 3-23, 1918, on page 214. This report does not agree exactly in all cases with the statements regarding casualties occurring in this narrative. However, "official reports," compiled in the field under adverse conditions, are subject to limitations as regards accuracy and the author's statements have therefore been allowed to stand. - Editor. IN THE LORRAINE LINE 45 Croix de Guerre. Several other direct hits were scored on the battery position, but the dugouts held up. Shortly before five o'clock in the afternoon the artillerymen were called out of their dugouts to fire a barrage by way of preparation for the raid which the allied infantry was to make on the German trenches soon after. For twenty minutes the guns fired on the enemy lines and meanwhile German shells were bursting in the position of Battery B. The gun of the third section was hit and put out of action. Another shell, exploding fifteen feet from the gun platform of the fourth section while the crew was firing, knocked down the men, but none was wounded and they continued to fire. Battery A, south of Batteries B and C, near Pexonne, also received a heavy shelling on St. Patrick's Day, but the dugouts saved the men; only two were wounded. The same story was repeated the next day and every day until the regiment left the sector on the night of March 22. There was not a battery that was not under fire every day. Five guns were hit and put out of action and a number of men were wounded. When Migneville, Major McDonald's post of command, was shelled on March 21 and several French soldiers were killed or wounded, Lieutenant John E. Soper and Privates Anton R. Anderson and Carpenter F. Buck of the 151st Medical Corps went to their aid. Woods in which battery positions were located, as in the case of Battery B, were literally destroyed. Where beautiful forests had been, nothing was left but torn and mangled poles. The position of Battery C, near Pexonne, was shelled so effectively that within a radius of one hundred yards the ground looked as though it had been plowed. The dugouts saved the men, but after spending much of five days in them, living entirely on cold rations, while shells were falling above and around and an occasional direct hit knocked the men from chairs or bunks, the order to leave the sector was thankfully received. Most of the men at the gun positions had been unable during these five days to obtain water and had neither shaved nor washed. The " K. P.'s " - men detailed daily to work with the cooks - were perhaps the only ones at the gun positions who found any joy at all in the general situation. On the few occasions during these five 46 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY days when the fires were built in the kitchens in positions among the trees, the K. P.'s found that the German shells had already split their wood and they were saved the labor of cutting fuel! Ammunition came up every night, the drivers guiding their teams along roads which were often objectives of German fire. When these trains of caissons arrived at the battery positions, the men were called out of their dugouts in the dark, and the work of carrying shells to the gun positions began. Occasionally the work would be interrupted by enemy shell fire. The men at the guns did not envy the drivers their journeys on the roads during these nights in Lorraine. Telephonic communication between the batteries and battalion posts of command was maintained with great difficulty and telephone details were busy at all times of the day and night, repairing lines broken by shell fire. When the division had been in line for a month, preparations were made for its relief. The period of front-line training had come to an end. On the nights of March 21 and 22 the guns of the 151st Field Artillery were withdrawn, and at daylight on March 23 the last units passed through Merviller on the road to Baccarat. The withdrawal took place in two stages, two guns being taken from each position on the night of March 21 and replaced by two of the French. The remaining guns were withdrawn the following night. The month which the regiment had spent in line had been the most strenuous in its history. Hard work and fighting in cold weather, rain, snow, and mud had told on men and horses and both were very weary. Moreover, five guns had been destroyed. But in spite of their weariness the esprit of the men was good. The word spread rapidly that the division was going into a rest camp, and, although this rumor brought visions of inspections and drills, most of the men were cheered by the prospect of three meals a day and a quiet and comfortable place in which to sleep. The regiment marched toward the rear and halted in two little French towns about eight kilometers south of Baccarat, the 1st Battalion in Ste. Barbe, the 2nd in Menil. Billets for the men were found in haymows and lofts. Picket lines were stretched, equipment was cleaned, and the men who were not on guard turned in for their first real night's sleep since the regiment had left Coetquidan more than IN THE LORRAINE LINE 47 a month before. The rumble of continuous fire could be heard by the men on guard all that night and hostile airplanes flew over the little towns, bombing Baccarat and other places, but nothing could disturb the placid slumbers of the tired soldiers. Meanwhile, on March 21, the storm had broken in all its fury on the western front. The great spring drive of the Germans had been launched in Picardy. The situation of the allies appeared almost desperate and all plans had to be changed overnight. Orders were given that the 42nd Division should be ready for a return to the front at any moment. The men of the 151st Field Artillery were to enjoy no rest camp then nor at any time during the war. For five days Ste. Barbe and Menil, scenes of fighting during the German offensive and defensive of 1914, were flooded with American soldiers. The townspeople had not expected the regiment to remain for more than one night and the supply of eggs ran out early the first day. The stocks of the little cafes and stores likewise disappeared. The search for " oofs " extended into the country and scouting parties of soldiers could be seen at all times of the day searching the countryside for the wherewithal for omelets. Eggs once obtained, the soldiers carried them in " tin derbies" or other receptacles, either to the cafes or to some kindly old French woman who cooked them and supplemented them with dishes of the ever popular " French frys. " Soon merchandise, solid and liquid, began coming in, and for five days the two little towns enjoyed an era of unparalleled business prosperity. Meantime, while the 42nd Division was sending the price of eggs skyward in this particular part of France, the Germans were pushing ahead in the west and at the same time were showing signs of activity back of the lines in Lorraine. On March 28 came orders to return to the old sector before Baccarat. On the occasion of its second entry into the lines in Lorraine, the 42nd Division was assigned to the Eighth French Army and given a sector of its own at Baccarat, extending from the Ancerviller center of resistance to the southern limit of the sector formerly held by the 128th French Division. The 151st Field Artillery began the return march in the rain on the twenty-ninth, and it re-entered the sector on the same day. Most of the guns were placed in position 48 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY on the night of the thirtieth. The colonel established his post of command in an old water mill in the town of Neuf-Maisons, between Badonviller and Baccarat. His command included, besides his own regiment, five French batteries and all the trench mortars in the American division.16 Although the regimental sector was approximately the same as that occupied in February, the various batteries went into new positions. The 1st Battalion occupied positions near Pexonne; battalion headquarters were in the town itself. One platoon of Battery A took its station east of Pexonne, not far from the old quarry position of Battery C, the other platoon west of Pexonne. Battery B had two guns in its old position and two in an old French position about two hundred yards to the south, near a deep dugout. Battery C was stationed at the edge of Pexonne, to the south. The 2nd Battalion went in west of Pexonne toward Ste. Pole, Battery D back of St. Maurice, E in a willow grove on the road halfway between Vacqueville and Ste. P6le, and F in an old French position back of Montigny. Back again on the line, the regiment resumed the work of building and improving positions. The rain continued but with the approach of spring the ground became dryer. Each day there was firing by allied and German artillery but no serious attacks were made and reprisal firing became a rather monotonous procedure.17 But the aerial activity of the enemy began to increase and during the second week in April the artillery also became more active; 16General Orders, No. 13, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 28, 1918. According to most accounts, the 42nd Division took over the Baccarat sector on March 31, although there is also authority for March 29 and for April 1. Leach, War Diary, 49; Wolf, Rainbow Division, 14; Thomas, History of the A. E. F., 65. 17Colonel Leach, in his War Diary, gives, under date of April 11, 1918, the following account of the methods of reprisal fire: "If they drop five shells on one of our roads, we return ten on one of theirs. Sometimes they will come back with twenty on one of ours and we will double the number back on theirs. Sometimes it brings on a general bombardment. There has been since 1914, a mutual understanding between the Germans and the French not to shell each others towns in the back areas in this sector. We have our firing data computed, however, and know just what town of theirs we will fire on if they fire on one of ours. A few days ago, one of the batteries in firing on a road, dropped a couple of shells in a German town and in about fifteen minutes they shelled Menneville for an hour and we knew we were being punished for this indiscretion. In case of attacks, raids, etc., all of these gentlemen's agreements are suspended." IN THE LORRAINE LINE 49 it was generally believed that the Germans planned an attack. The American infantrymen made occasional raids, but from April 1 to April 10 the German artillery fire in the sector was estimated to be about ten times as great as that of the Americans and was said to be very accurate. The comparative inactivity of the Americans at this time was partly accounted for by the receipt of an order from French army corps headquarters which read: In accordance with new verbal instructions from the Army, a strictly defensive attitude shall be maintained in the defensive zone of the Army Corps. No raids will be made in the future, ex.cept on order. Artillery activity shall be restrained; there shall be no firing involving large consumption of ammunition; firing will be limited to barrages and reprisals, and on objects especially visible and vulnerable. In brief: Remain continually on the alert, but do not provoke the Boche; Establish calmness in order to permit the command to remove from the lines any available forces which can be of service elsewhere; Should the Boche show his teeth, severe reprisals are in order. On the night of April 6, men on guard at the gun positions of the 2nd Battalion heard rifle and revolver shots in Ancerviller, near Ste. P6le, a town occupied by American infantrymen. Three German soldiers had passed through the American front lines and had made their way into the town. When a sentinel challenged them they fired, wounding two Americans. A third American sentinel killed the leader of the patrol and the others fled. From documents on the dead German it was learned that the 449th Infantry Regiment was one of the German units occupying the sector opposite. The activity of German aviators and balloons kept the men under cover in the daytime but also afforded them some interesting air spectacles. On April 11 twenty German planes flew up and down the lines, but this did not prevent a solitary French plane from flying over and bringing down in flames a German observation balloon - a " sausage " - to the west of Bremenil. With the aid of American Escadrille 72 the batteries of the 151st Field Artillery had a few opportunities to adjust fire by means of airplane 50 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY observation, but the allied planes were outnumbered by those of the Germans. Officers and men assigned to liaison duty were constantly with the infantry, and observers from the regiment were also on duty at all times, watching the German lines for signs of activity and the American infantry positions for signals requesting artillery fire. Some of these observation posts, RN for example, on the hill to the north of Badonviller, had been occupied by the French for three years. From this point an observation post of the Germans could be plainly seen on the crest of a ridge to the north. But as the Germans undoubtedly knew the location of RN; and other American posts, there was no firing at the German lookout. On April 11, infantrymen and observers in front of Badonviller saw a red balloon sail over the trenches and drop in German territory. It had apparently come from behind the German lines. That night a patrol of Iowans found the balloon in No Man's Land and brought it in. It carried documents printed in German, signed with the names of Lenine and Trotzky, advising the German soldiers to lay down their arms. Toward the end of the month German propaganda, designed for circulation among French soldiers and sent over the lines attached to little red balloons, began to appear. Much of this propaganda took the form of a paper, the Gazette des Ardennes, printed in French; this contained articles and cartoons attacking Clemenceau and other French leaders and was designed to convince French soldiers that they would be killed fighting in a hopeless cause. A full page from one of these magazines, dropped near a battery of the 151st, was devoted to a report of the number of women and children purported to have been killed in Lens, Cambrai, Ostend, and Bruges by bombs dropped from allied airplanes. The article was headed "Victims of their Compatriots." During the latter part of April, weather conditions began to improve and artillery activity increased. The Germans directed a large part of their attention to the shelling of roads, and the batteries of the 151st were busy every day, either retaliating for this activity or firing at designated targets behind the German lines. On the seventeenth the regiment participated in a gas attack on IN THE LORRAINE LINE 51 the Bois des Chiens, in a forest before Ancerviller, where enemy machine-gun activity had been annoying the infantry. Two days later the guns of the regiment laid a box barrage on an enemy position known as the " Mecklenberg Trench" while the American infantry made a raid. It had been determined to launch another coup de main on the Bois des Chiens on May 3 in an effort to obtain prisoners and information concerning German activities. To Colonel Leach's command was assigned the task of clearing away the wire in front of the German trenches and laying down a barrage ahead of the advancing infantrymen of the 166th (4th Ohio) Infantry Regiment. Preparations for this attack were under way for several days. In addition to his own regiment, the divisional trench mortars, and the five batteries of French light field artillery, Colonel Leach was placed in command of a regiment of French seventy-fives which was brought into the sector for the attack. The first and second of May were devoted largely to light artillery fire for the purpose of clearing away the barbed wire, and very early in the morning on May 3 all of the artillery in the sector opened fire in support of the attack, which was launched at four o'clock. The bombardment continued during most of the day and the din along the sector was terrific. During this engagement the French "troup" batteries which had been brought to the front especially for this attack worked in the open at the edges of woods and in many cases without camouflage. Their program of fire accomplished, they pulled out of their positions and left for another part of the front where additional artillery was needed. The artillery plan had " worked like a clock" and the infantry had followed the barrage without damage except from enemy fire.18 As a matter of fact this American attack accomplished little, for the Germans had withdrawn the bulk of their troops from the front lines just before the beginning of the artillery fire. The same thing had happened in a previous attack in the Bois des Chiens and 18In laying down a barrage the greatest accuracy was necessary in order to avoid killing one's own men. The possibility of accident at such times was always a source of anxiety to artillery officers. For a brief statement of the share of the artillery in this operation see the report of Brigadier General Charles H. McKinstry, dated May 8, 1918, on page 221. 52 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY French and American officers, convinced that there was a leak somewhere, issued strict orders to insure against further tapping in of Germans on American telephone lines. May 6 was an unfortunate day for the regiment, for about noon Lieutenant John P. Rosenwald, then acting surgeon of the regiment and one of its bravest and most popular officers, was almost instantly killed by a shell as he rode along the road from regimental headquarters in Neuf-Maisons to Pexonne. He had been famous as a guard on some of the strongest elevens the University of Minnesota ever produced; after completing his education in 1910, he had become a practicing physician in Minneapolis. For his bravery during the March fighting he was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre. Major John L. Haskins, formerly chief surgeon of the regiment, who had returned for a visit and was with Lieutenant Rosenwald, was slightly wounded. May brought wonderful spring days to cheer the spirits of the men who were still laboring at the guns and in the echelons; but with the good weather came greater aerial activity and the need for more camouflage. This meant more work. Green was coming to be the predominant color, and every morning before daylight the men were routed out to dig sod and cut boughs for camouflage purposes before the German aviators came over the lines. Two guns of Battery E had been moved across the road from the battery position and placed in the midst of a little grove of willows to the west of the Vacqueville-Ste. Pole road. Here it was necessary to build new positions; to assist in this operation the battalion prisoners were sent out to Battery E and the men at the guns were relieved from a part of the work. It was during these days in Lorraine when, if it wasn't digging trenches or gun positions, it was digging sod, that the artillery song with its refrain " As the caissons go rolling along " was heard frequently, though it was sung with some lack of enthusiasm. The really popular ditty, if any song can be said to have been popular during those times, conveyed this sentiment: "Oh, they show you the horse that you're going to ride, But they don't show the shovel on the other side." IN THE LORRAINE LINE 53 With the coming of sunny days and the aviators, the food problem became more difficult. Fires, if built at all near the guns, had to be hidden because of smoke, and it was impossible to do much cooking in the daytime. With enemy aviators abroad at all times of the day, meals could be brought out from the echelons only at night. As a result the men in some of the gun positions had but one real meal a day, and that, lukewarm after a trip of several miles, had to be eaten after dark. Life in the echelons became more bearable in these spring days, for the band, stationed at Neuf-Maisons, gave frequent concerts there and likewise near the 2nd Battalion echelon in Vacqueville. The echelon near Vacqueville, it should be said, had been completed, and comfortable barracks now housed the men of the 2nd Battalion who were not at the guns. " Indian Village," the echelon of the 1st Battalion near Neuf-Maisons, was an ideal camp. Adequate barracks had been built by the French; a large bathhouse, with a delousing plant attached, afforded modern conveniences to the soldier guests, and, although there was some question as to the killing power of the plant, it was patronized by every man in the regiment -and every officer. Like shells, the cooties were no respecters of rank. Every night the infantry went into No Man's Land on patrols and every night flares illumined the front lines. Occasionally colored rockets would inform the rocket guards near the guns that a barrage was wanted, and the gun guards would begin firing while the sleepy members of gun crews piled out of shelterproofs and dugouts. But most of the infantry action was limited to small raids in an effort to gather prisoners. One of these raids by the Ohioans resulted in the capture of prisoners who gave the information that the 96th German Division, which had come from Russia, having entrained at Vilna on March 26, was now opposite in the Baccarat sector and that the 21st Landwehr Division was also in the German lines in the Luneville sector. The former, according to these informants, contained many soldiers of Polish birth who had been impressed into the army. They said that they had been told early in May that the Americans were in the Baccarat sector, but that there were very few American troops in France. 54 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On Saturday, May 25, observers reported increased activity behind the enemy lines. O'n the same day German planes, flying in formation, made repeated trips over the American lines. Warning was issued for the division to be on the alert for a gas attack and on the next day a severe shelling of roads and battery positions strengthened the conviction that the Germans were about to attack.19 Moreover, a German deserter, an Alsatian by birth, who came into the lines on May 26, also predicted a gas attack. It came at ten o'clock on Monday night, May 27, after a day of severe shelling. At that hour a gas attack was launched by a combination of projectors and shell fire, the infantry in the front lines and in the villages back of the lines being subjected to a projector attack and the artillery positions being shelled heavily with high explosives and gas. In Village Negre two officers and about twenty-eight men of the 168th (3rd Iowa) Infantry were killed, as were also two Y.M.C.A. men who had been working in Negre. Three hundred men were wounded, about forty of whom later died. The 1st Battalion of the 151st had opened fire coincidentally with the German attack; this was kept up until morning, the men at the guns wearing gas masks for hours. Fourteen men were overcome by gas and taken to the hospitals. Two guns of Battery C had been moved to a position near the French battalion of chasseurs, west of Village Negre, to meet the expected attack; one gun was left in the old position; the fourth had been disabled. Lieutenant Leopold Arnaud went to the old position under heavy fire and called for volunteers to stay with the one gun. Having sent the other men back to deep dugouts, he remained at the gun all night, the six volunteers firing the specified barrages. Before morning all of the men were overcome by gas and the lieutenant himself, aided by a rocket guard, fired the gun.20 '9Five casualties on that day included Private Hans Thorstad, severely wounded. 20Casualties for the day numbered twenty-nine, including Corporals Ira M. Curtiss, Russell S. Swain, Privates Nicholas Becker, Harry C. Martz, George H. Morgan, Walter Muff, Walter G. Nelson, LeRoy Paul, and Warren A. Tangen, all severely wounded or gassed. IN THE LORRAINE LINE 55 The gas shelling continued intermittently for two or three days.21 Memorial Day was fittingly observed by the men of the division who were not in the line or at the guns. In the morning the graves of the dead Americans in the Baccarat cemetery were decorated with flowers and flags, and in the evening there was a Memorial Day program in Baccarat at which General Menoher addressed the men. Lorraine had now been transformed from a muddy and dreary waste of brown into a beautiful green country of fields and flowers and the men were beginning to believe that " sunny France " might be a reality. Activity behind the German lines was renewed on June 1 and it was believed that an attack was imminent. Five additional French batteries and two batteries of Moroccan troops had been brought into the sector and placed under command of Colonel Leach. Reserve positions were selected for all of the guns in case a retreat should be necessary, and trenches and barbed-wire entanglements were constructed back in the direction of Baccarat. The firing increased on both sides, and on the morning of June 5 the French infantry at the left of the sector anticipated the Germans by attacking their front lines under a barrage fired by the artillery under Colonel Leach. The attack failed to penetrate the enemy's wire defenses, but this and other, similar moves may have had some effect in forestalling the plans of the Germans, for it turned out that they launched no general attack in this sector. On the morning of June 6 the Germans put over another gas-projector attack, and the infantry in front of the 151st called for eight barrages. Needless to say the regiment was busy that night. The following days were comparatively quiet ones, although the Germans shelled Badonviller on the night of the twelfth and this resulted in a heavy reprisal fire on Bremenil. On June 13 arrived orders to withdraw from the sector. During the following evening the guns were removed from the front line, and under cover of darkness on the night of June 15 the unit 210f the nine casualties suffered at this time the severest were sustained by Lieutenant Leopold Arnaud and Privates Eugene R. Kelly and Gerhard W. Thilgen. 56 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY evacuated the sector and was replaced by French artillery. On the sixteenth Colonel Leach relinquished the command of the sector to his successor. The Germans obligingly remained quiet during the withdrawal, which was marred by only one serious accident. On the night of June 14 a powder explosion in a dugout in the D battery position wounded eight men. Sergeant Lowell Valentine, who died two days afterwards as a result of his injuries, refused to permit the medical men to attend to his burns until the others had been given first aid. Private William Laidlaw of St. Paul, who was taken to the Baccarat hospital suffering from severe burns, died on June 23. During the period spent in the Luneville sector, four men of the 151st Field Artillery were killed or fatally wounded in action, one died of disease contracted as a result of wounds, and two were accidentally killed; three others died of disease, including Private Lester N. Nelson, a victim of pneumonia. Seventy-two members of the regiment were cited in regimental orders for bravery in action, and of these the following were cited in divisional orders: Lieutenants Leopold Arnaud and John E. Soper, Sergeants William F. Brandenburg and Eben J. Kimball, Corporal John Greaves, and Privates Anton R. Anderson, Carpenter Buck, Grover Carlson, Stanley H. Gunderson, and John B. Olson. As the 42nd Division left the Lorraine front, copies of an order of General Pierre Georges Duport, commanding the French 6th Army Corps, were distributed among the men. It was the first citation of the division and it read as follows: At 'the moment when the 42nd U.S. Infantry Division is leaving the Lorraine front, the Commanding General of the 6th Army Corps desires to do homage to the fine military qualities which it has continuously exhibited, and to the services which it has rendered in the BACCARAT sector. The offensive ardour, the sense for the utilizations and the organizations of terrain as for the liaison of the arms, the spirit of method, the discipline shown by all its officers and men, the inspirations animating them, prove that at the first call, they can henceforth take a glorious place in the new line of battle. k '" 1;- A - AMERICAN AND FRENCH OFFICERS PASSING THROUGH LANES OF AMERICAN DEAD IN THE CEMETERY AT BACCARAT, FRANCE [In the foreground are shown Lieutenant General Duport (French), Major General Menoher, Major General Panet (French), and Brigadier General Lenihan.] BRIGADIER GENERAL CHARLES H. McKINSTRY PLACING A FLORAL OFFERING ON THE GRAVE OF LIEUTENANT JOHN P. ROSENWALD INA THE LORRA ANE LINE 57 The Commanding General of the 6th Army Corps expresses his deepest gratitude to the 42nd Division for its precious collaboration; he particularly thanks the distinguished Commander of this Division, General MENOHER, the Officers under his orders and his Staff so brilliantly directed by Colonel MACARTHUR. It is with a sincere regret that the entire 6th Army Corps sees the 42nd Division depart. But the bonds of affectionate comradeship which have been formed here will not be broken; for us, in faithful memory, are united the living and the dead of the Rainbow Division, those who are leaving for hard combats and those who, after having nobly sacrificed their lives on the land of the East, now rest there, guarded over piously by FRANCE. These sentiments of warm esteem will be still more deeply affirmed during the impending struggles where the fate of Free Peoples is to be decided. May our units, side by side, contribute valiantly to the triumph of JUSTICE and of RIGHT.22 About forty kilometers west of Baccarat, in a beautiful valley on the Moselle River, is the French city of Charmes. Just outside the zone of the German advance in 1914, its direct contact with war had been limited to aerial bombing from German planes which fortunately had not been extensive enough to damage greatly the quaint little manufacturing community. On all sides Charmes is surrounded by little towns, centers of agricultural districts; it was to these villages, possibly with the idea that it might be given a rest, that the Rainbow Division was sent after its withdrawal from the Lorraine front. The bad weather which the 151st had encountered on all of its marches continued to accompany it on the journey of two days and one night from the echelons near Baccarat to the towns near Charmes. Most of the time it rained and the haymows of the French barns were welcome even though some of them did leak. The 2nd Battalion was billeted in Langley, the 1st Battalion and regimental headquarters in Portieux. For five days the regiment remained in these towns in the Moselle valley. Then came orders to entrain at Charmes for the northwest. The five days 22General Orders, No. 50, June 15, 1918, published in Tompkins, Rainbow Division, 250. 58 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY had not been days of rest. There were inspections and reviews. New equipment was issued, material was cleaned and repaired, and open-warfare gun-drills were held. At midnight on June 22 the Headquarters and Supply companies left Charmes in the regulation flat cars and 40 Hommes box cars, and the next day the other units entrained. Great was the surprise of the men when, after a twelve-hour ride, they were ordered off the trains fifteen kilometers from the little village of La Chausseesur-Marne. They had supposed they were going to the Somme. IV. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE1 The war was now rapidly approaching the final crisis. The latter part of 1917 had been marked by discouraging failures for the allies; the British attack in Flanders had been smothered in the mud and the Italians had suffered a colossal defeat at Caporetto; Russia had ceased to be a military factor and on March 3, 1918, had concluded the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. The consequent release of German forces in the east made possible the transfer of many divisions to the west, with the result that by spring of 1918 the Germans had at last an actual superiority of men and guns on the western front. Furthermore, the enemy troops had been highly trained in mobile warfare, and a new form of attack, the " Hutier maneuver," had been devised by the German high command, which was superior to all tactics previously employed.2 The Germans also possessed an inestimable advantage in unity of command, one as yet totally lacking among the allies. Their morale was at a high pitch, whereas the allies were discouraged and weakened by their recent failures. The enemy therefore decided to assume the offensive in an effort to effect a decision in the spring or summer of 1918, and with this end in view they made five successive attacks upon the western front. Not until the fifth, with which this chapter deals, 1Documents relating to the Champagne defensive are to be found on pages 228 to 238. General descriptions of military operations on this front, July 15-18, 1918, are contained in Thomas, History of the A. E. F., ch. 7, and in Frank H. Simonds, History of the World War, 5:161-165 (Garden City, N. Y., 1920); accounts of the part taken by the 42nd Division are given in Tompkins, Rainbow Division, ch. 4, and in Wolf, Rainbow Division, 20-29. The description of the events which gave rise to the critical situation in the summer of 1918 has been derived principally from John J. Pershing, Final Report, 25-34 (Washington, 1920) and Thomas G. Frothingham, A Guide to the Military History of the World War, 1914-r198, ch. 34, 35 (Boston, 1920). 2The Hutier maneuver had first been used at Riga in the fall of 1917, where it had proved remarkably successful. It consisted in a surprise concentration of superior numbers against a position and a sudden attack without extended preliminary artillery preparation. Use was also made of a tactical device known as "infiltration." 59 60 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY did the allies finally succeed in launching a successful counteroffensive. The Germans delivered their first blow on the morning of March 21, when they attacked the right of the British armies in Picardy with the object of separating the French and British forces and driving the latter back upon the channel ports. The attack swept everything before it; west of St. Quentin the British line was broken and the Fifth Army practically destroyed. After prodigious expenditure of effort, French re-enforcements arrived which helped to fill the gap, but not until they were almost at the very gates of the strategic city of Amiens, ten days after the beginning of the drive, were the forces of the enemy checked. British losses were probably in the neighborhood of ninety thousand prisoners and thirteen hundred guns. There appeared a rift in the clouds, however. As a result of the German successes, unity of command was achieved by the allies and on April 3 their entire forces, including all of the American combatants, constantly increasing in number, were placed under General Foch. It was becoming apparent that the American troops would probably be the decisive factor. The second German blow fell in Flanders, once more upon the British front. The attack, launched with a heavy bombardment on April 8, pushed back the British and the Portuguese, who occupied a broad salient extending from south of Ypres to Lens. On April 12 Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig issued his memorable appeal to the British army: There is no other course open to us but to fight it out. Every position must be held to the last man. There must be no retirement, With our backs to the wall, and believing in the justice of our cause, each one of us must fight to the end. The safety of our homes and the freedom of mankind depend alike upon the conduct of each one of us at this critical moment.3 Once more the day was saved by the timely arrival of French re-enforcements. A few weeks' lull followed the attack in Flanders and then, on May 27, the Germans began their third assault, this time in the region between Soissons and Rheims. They reached the Chemin 3Current History, 8:207 (May, 1918). THE C.4HAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 61 des Dames, captured Soissons, and in four days drove forward over thirty miles to the river Marne.4 The fourth attack, on June 9, occurred in the region south of Montdidier and Noyon, in that portion of the line lying between the points of farthest advance in the attacks on March 21 and May 27. The Germans succeeded in straightening, somewhat, the line west of Soissons and in occupying some additional territory, although on the whole the French bore this attack fairly well. The seriousness of the situation confronting the allies at this time can hardly be exaggerated. Their reserves had been exhausted in warding off the successive blows of the enemy and they were thus deprived of the opportunity to launch the counter-offensive without which ultimate success could never be achieved. The Germans were back on the Marne and Paris was again threatened. Furthermore, the lateral communications of the allied armies were seriously impaired because of the deep salients which the enemy had driven into their lines. The discouragement which prevailed, particularly among the French, can well be imagined. The allied commanders knew also that they must prepare to meet another German attack which, if successful, would probably mean the loss of the war. Under these circumstances it came to be recognized that the one great hope of the allies lay in American assistance and it was therefore decided to make use of American troops as combat divisions. Hitherto these had been employed, for the most part, as reserves and the French high command had manifested an unwillingness to use American divisions as fighting units, since it was feared that they would not be equal to the strain of battle. But the desperate situation after the German drive to the Marne forced the hand of the French and it was decided to use American divisions as such. It was evident throughout June and early July that the Germans were planning another formidable attack, the fifth of the series. The salient extending down to the Marne was recognized 4The 2nd Division, together with elements of the 3rd, assisted in checking this attack at Chateau-Thierry. The capture of Belleau Wood by the 2nd Division took place on June 4. 62 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY to be the point of greatest danger and several American divisions were concentrated in the region where the blow was expected. O!n July 15, 1918, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 26th divisions were upon the Chateau-Thierry front, with the 4th and 28th in support. The 42nd was by this time in support of the French in the Champagne region east of Rheims, where an attack was also anticipated.5 It was to be the good fortune of the 151st Field Artillery to help strike the blows which were to send the Germans reeling back to defeat. The regiment which arrived at La Chaussee-sur-Marne on June 23 was a very different organization from that which had gone into the Baccarat sector in February. True, its composition was the same, but it was a vastly superior fighting machine. Service in the front lines had smoothed the rough places and adjusted the loose parts. Four months in Lorraine had given the 151st a rigorous training in position warfare. There the men had learned how to build, occupy, and conceal gun positions and dugouts. They had wallowed in mud, soaked in rain, and lived upon emergency rations. In Lorraine they had first experienced shell fire, and there the first blood of the regiment had been spilled in combat. All of this played its part in strengthening the regiment for trials to come. Elements had been reorganized and wherever actual warfare had revealed that the internal organization of the regiment could be improved, changes in personnel and system had been made. The 151st Field Artillery, as well as the other units of the Rainbow Division, was now ready for the final test. Rumors were rife during these days and there was a general conviction that momentous events were impending. The regiment remained in the vicinity of La Chaussee-sur-Marne for less than a week and then, on the night of June 28, moved to Courtisols, a town about eight kilometers east of Chalons-sur-Marne. The men's spirits were now keyed up to a high pitch. Rumors of a combined Franco-American offensive to be launched on July 4 spread among the soldiers billeted in Courtisols and the little 5The distribution of the other American troops at this time was as follows: five divisions were in line with the French on the Alsace-Lorraine front, five with the British army, four in training areas, four in process of arrival, and four regiments of colored troops with the French in the Argonne. Pershing, Final Report, 34. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 63 towns back of the line. The idea of celebrating the Fourth with the usual noise, but with the Boche as a target, appealed to them, and they apparently took little account of the fact that such a procedure might be resented by the German gunners. The general impression was that the Rainbow Division would be sent to a sector near Chateau-Thierry where, according to rumors, heavy fighting was taking place. When July 3 passed without orders to move, the troops consigned the rumor of a Fourth of July offensive to the usual resting place for army rumors and resigned themselves to a safe and sane observance of the national holiday. It did, as a matter of fact, prove to be a quiet Fourth until five o'clock in the afternoon. There were neither parades nor band concerts in the little French town in which the regiment was billeted. The day was somewhat enlivened by the accidental discharge of an "unloaded" gun but the casualty list contained only one name. Then at five o'clock came the order to make preparations for a move. After all, the day was to be a memorable one. By eight o'clock that evening every unit of the command was on the road, headed north. Orders were to occupy positions before daybreak and permitted of no delay. Some twenty kilometers, twelve or thirteen miles, had to be traveled and much of the distance was covered at a trot, to the joy of the gunners riding the caissons and limbers who had on previous occasions toiled over many a weary French kilometer on foot. As the columns rumbled along, airplanes could be heard overhead, the sound of the guns became louder and louder, and flares and rockets became visible. There was no opportunity to stop at Suippes, the historic little French city already badly damaged by shell fire and bombing and practically demolished during the German attack ten days later. Day was breaking on the morning of July 5 as the batteries of the 151st rolled up to their positions north of Suippes. Here the men found themselves in an ugly, rolling, chalk-ridged country, quite unlike the beautiful green Lorraine which they had left behind. All was brown and barren except in places where fir trees, thinned by shell fire, often protecting old gun positions and trenches, hinted of shade. To the north and west were ridges more densely 64 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY wooded, in the shelter of whose sides were barracks built after the German retreat three years before. Since that withdrawal, following swiftly on the Battle of the Marne, the infantry lines in the Champagne country had remained stationary. For three years the French had labored here, with the result that the terrain along a fifty-kilometer front had been made into an immense stronghold. White, irregular lines, crossing and recrossing each other as far as the eye could reach, revealed the location of trenches and dugouts, telephone lines, and gun emplacements. Everywhere was the trail of the chalk. Along that sector of the front covered by the guns of the 151st Field Artillery, the French and German lines were on the crest of a considerable ridge which had at one time been wooded, but which now, after three years of fighting, resembled a narrow strip from an alkali desert. This ridge, white and bald, was crisscrossed with trenches and barbed wire. On the French side of the hill, toward Suippes, the ground sloped gently down into a valley where the village of Souain had once stood. The hillside, at one time fertile ground, had been so systematically swept by fire and entrenched for fighting that almost no vegetation remained. The few trees left standing were crippled and the very ground seemed blighted and burned. The Champagne front, on which the enemy attack was anticipated, was held by the Fourth French Army, under General Henri Joseph Eugene Gouraud. It was expected that the main drive would be southward toward Chalons-sur-Marne. This particular part of the front was held by the 21st French Corps, commanded by General Stanislas Naulin, to which belonged the 170th and the 13th French infantry divisions. The two divisions occupied positions side by side, the former, on the left, holding what was known as the sector Esperance, and the latter, on the right, the sector Souain; to the rear, in support, was stationed the Rainbow Division for the time being. These positions commanded the main Chalons-Vouziers highway running north and south through Souain and Suippes. The impending German advance along the highway must be checked at any cost. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 65 Under the plan of defense employed in the Esperance and Souain sectors, the first, or front-line, position was not to be occupied in force when the attack came, but was simply to be held by outposts. Further back was an "intermediate position," where energetic resistance was to be offered. Still farther back was a line of defense known as the " second position," where it was determined that the enemy must be stopped at any cost. According to the original disposition of troops, the first and intermediate positions were held by the infantry of the 170th and 13th French divisions and it was expected that they would bear the brunt of the attack; all of the infantry of the 42nd Division was stationed on the second, or support, position, the 83rd Brigade being on the left in the rear of the 170th Division, and the 84th on the right in the rear of the 13th. Later, however, before the battle began, elements of each of the infantry regiments of the Rainbow Division were advanced to the intermediate position.6 The 151st Field Artillery was stationed in the Souain sector, its guns being placed along either side of the Chalons-Vouziers highway, just north of Suippes, in the rear of the 84th Infantry Brigade. Besides his own regiment, Colonel Leach had command of the 3rd Battalion of the 60th French Light Field Artillery Regiment. His entire command was referred to in orders as groupement Leach. The rest of the French artillery in this part of the sector was under Lieutenant Colonel G. J. Huin. The front covered by the guns of the two commands was approximately six kilometers, about three and three-quarters miles, in width. The guns of the 151st supported, in addition to certain French units, the 167th 6De Chambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 160; Wolf, Rainbow Division, 24. Official army records fail to show that after their original disposition, certain units of the 42nd Division were redistributed to re-enforce the French in the front and intermediate lines; the reason for this, according to Colonel Benson W. Hough, commander of the 166th (4th Ohio) Infantry, is that the troops, upon their arrival in the sector, were turned over as regiments to the French, at which time they were all in reserve positions. From these positions they were gradually, by three or four movements, " fed into the various lines" before the attack of July 15. Letter from Colonel Hough to Colonel Leach, November 23, 1923. The description given above is borne out also by letters to Colonel Leach from Colonel Cooper D. Winn, Jr., December 15, 1923, Colonel William P. Screws, November 22, 1923, and Lieutenant John H. Taber, December 1, 1923, all in the possession of the Minnesota War Records Commission. 66 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and 168th infantry regiments of the Rainbow Division. To the left of the 151st, in the Esperance sector, other units of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, along with French artillery, supported the infantry of the 170th French Division and the 165th and 166th regiments of the 42nd Division. The battery positions occupied by the 151st Field Artillery on the morning of July 5 were as follows: the 1st Battalion was on the left, in an open plain, Battery A being located to the left of the Chalons-Vouziers road, and Batteries B and C just to the right of it. The 2nd Battalion was situated about eight hundred meters to the right of this road. The guns of Battery D were on a sloping hillside which had once been wooded; three hundred meters to the south, along a fringe of trees which had once been the outskirts of a considerable grove of firs, was Battery F; a little to the southeast, along a road which ran northeast from Suippes, was Battery E. All of the gun positions occupied by the 151st had been begun by the French but had never been completed by them. It was almost as if the regiment were occupying absolutely new positions. Just across the road from Battery E, a battalion of the 168th Infantry occupied the French camp, 3/5, consisting of a large group of frame and tar-paper barracks built three years before. The camp had a deep dugout large enough to house a regiment, a circumstance which later saved the lives of many Iowa infantrymen. The credit for originating the general plan of defense on the Champagne front has been given to General Gouraud, commanding the Fourth French Army. The scheme had been approved by General Foch and General Petain, and detailed orders concerning each step in the operations had been sent to the commanders of the various units. The essence of the plan was this. General Gouraud proposed to meet the Hutier maneuver, which had demonstrated the ability of the Germans to break through the strongest front-line defenses of the allies almost at will, by permitting the enemy to occupy the front-line positions with but slight resistance, and by making his principal stand at an intermediate position carefully selected beforehand. This plan had the advantage that it prevented the heavy losses which were always suffered WAI LAT7rZ-ZAff21VRW C/f 4 O OMS' COV54MPASA1B SECTMO ',I&L,o SAv/,S. Jko/e in7 MAltri RKm:// [The sector here shown is the Souain sector. The Esperance sector joined it on the left. The line of redoubts and the hinterland were strongly held by French infantry. Only those portions of barrages C and D which were laid down by the artillery under Colonel Leach's command are shown.] THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 67 when an effort was made to hold the front line, while it also made it possible to attack the enemy upon ground of which every detail was known and which had been carefully prepared beforehand. The main body of troops defending the Esperance and Souain sectors was to be withdrawn from the front line, which was to be occupied only by small detachments whose duty it was to remain in position and notify the main forces in the rear at the exact moment when the German infantry should leave its trenches and start across No Man's Land. The French infantrymen selected for this perilous duty were all volunteers, for their mission meant almost certain death. If they escaped the preliminary bombardment and the attack of the German infantry, they were almost certain to be caught in the barrage which would be laid down on the front line in response to their own signals. On the slope of the hill, perhaps a kilometer from the front line, was a series of redoubts well protected with barbed wire, and here was to be made the first serious attempt to break up the enemy attack. A kilometer farther back, near the foot of the hill, was the strong intermediate position where it was hoped to stop the attack. Between the line of redoubts mentioned above and the intermediate position was a region called the " hinterland. " Companies of infantry were placed at intervals in this area and open spaces were left where the invaders might be caught by artillery fire. Thus the Germans who reached this position would be met by combined infantry and artillery fire. Two kilometers back of the intermediate line was the second position at which the enemy must be checked at all costs, in case the intermediate line failed to hold. The general plan for the artillery defensive consisted of two phases, the first dealing with that portion of the attack up to the time when the enemy should cross the intermediate line and the second phase covering any portions' of the attack which should pierce the intermediate position. During the first phase four successive barrages were to be laid down, designated A, B, C, and D. The 151st Field Artillery was not to participate in A and B, which were to be fired by heavier units for the purpose of disorganizing the attack in its earlier stages. But after the enemy had passed through the front line of redoubts, and as he approached 68 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the hinterland, barrage C was to be laid down. At a given signal all the guns of Colonel Leach's command were to open fire. If the enemy broke through the hinterland, the plans for the defense of the intermediate position called for barrage D. Signals had been carefully arranged by which the infantry should notify the artillery of the stage which the attack had reached and call for the specified barrage. It is unnecessary to describe in detail the second phase of the plan, as the enemy attack was fortunately checked before it became necessary to put it into operation.7 Such was the plan of defense which had been worked out and approved by the French high command. The allies awaited the onslaught of the enemy, meanwhile improving positions and arranging the thousand and one details involved in the defensive scheme. Every one, from the officers of the high command to the privates, realized that a crisis was at hand. On the very day that the 151st Field Artillery took its position in the line, General Naulin, commanding the 21st Army Corps, issued this order: The attack upon the Champagne front appears to be impending. I shall enter the battle with the most absolute confidence. Supported by powerful artillery and re-enforced by the Chasseurs battalions of the 46th Division and by the 42nd American Division, the 21st Corps will prove once more that where it stands the Boche does not pass. Let each one of you fight and if necessary die at his post, without taking thought of what may happen upon his flanks or in the rear, and victory is ours. Two days later General Gouraud, commanding the Fourth Army, received a number of the field officers under him and made to them a stirring address which was immediately published in the form of an order and distributed to each unit commander. This famous order of July 7, signed by the chief of staff, ran thus: TO THE FRENCH AND AMERICAN SOLDIERS OF THE FOURTH ARMY: We may be attacked at any moment. You all know that a defensive battle has never been engaged in under more favorable conditions. We are forewarned and on our guard. We are powerfully re-enforced with infantry and artillery. Readers interested in further details of this offensive scheme should study carefully the documents on pages 229 to 235. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 69 You will fight on a terrain which your persistent labor has transformed into a formidable fortress -a fortress invincible if all its passages are well guarded. The bombardment will be terrible; you will bear it without flinching. The attack will be fierce, in a cloud of dust, smoke, and gas. But your position and your armament are strong. In your breasts beat the brave and strong hearts of free men. None shall look to the rear, none shall yield a step. Each shall have but one thought: to kill, to kill many, until they have had enough. Therefore your General says to you: You will shatter this attack and it will be a happy day. A secret order, published by General Gouraud simultaneously with the appeal given above, reveals how seriously the situation was regarded by the high command: The orders of the Commanding General are explicit - the enemy must be stopped at the intermediate position. - Consequently, no circumstance can justify the troops who occupy it in retiring. In order to prevent any act of weakness, unit commanders at the various echelons should place in rear of the positions which they occupy, trustworthy officers or noncommissioned officers capable of resisting, even by force, every movement to retire. The days of waiting immediately following were a severe strain upon the men's nerves. An attack had been expected on July 6, but the fact that it did not materialize did not mean rest. As soon as the guns were in place and the caissons and limbers had been sent back to stations in the rear, the work of improving the battery positions was begun. Camouflage experts from the engineers who had been assigned to the regiment in Lorraine devised means of concealment for each battery position and took advantage of the fact that few hostile airplanes were abroad to rush the work to completion. The need for haste was urgent, particularly in the case of the three batteries of the 1st Battalion, whose positions were on open ground where natural means of concealment were entirely lacking. They were quickly hidden from enemy fliers by the use of wire netting more or less thickly woven with pieces of green and brown raffia. 8These orders, as well as that quoted on page 82, are translated from the French originals in the possession of Colonel Leach. 70 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Work on dugouts was also pushed forward. In some cases, as in that of Battery F, the French had already constructed a dugout large enough to house the men in case of need. In others, as in Battery E, small dugouts were enlarged. The men of the 1st Battalion, working in shifts, dug new shelters in the white, chalky soil. The digging crews, white from head to foot, looked more like workers in Minneapolis flour mills than soldiers. Some of the men amused themselves during leisure hours by carving tablets out of the chalk; the entrance to one gun pit bore an inscription reading " Shot, Shell, and Gas always on Hand for Kaiser Bill." About one-half kilometer in front of the 1st Battalion and some fifteen hundred meters back of the second position was the regimental post of command, in an immense underground cave known as " Big Sap B, "9 which had been built at a cost of a million francs. It had thirty-two rooms, ten by eight feet each, four large dining rooms, three telephone exchanges, and electric lights. The rooms were fifty feet underground. In this stronghold were also the headquarters of Lieutenant Colonel Huin of the 62nd French Field Artillery, whose guns were two kilometers to the north, and of the infantry occupying that immediate sector. During the first few days in the Champagne sector, officers and men lived on "tin" rations, but when no Boche airplanes appeared, rolling kitchens were brought to the vicinity of the batteries and hot meals prepared which helped to mollify the tempers of the men, none too well pleased with the hard labor and impatient for Fritz to make the attack and " get it over." Later, when it did come, these same men thanked the God of battles that they had spent their time digging in the chalk. For several days the allies had suspected the front upon which the German attack would fall and as time went on they became more and more certain. Significant activities were observed back of the enemy lines - airplane fields were being established, ammunition dumps were growing, and railway traffic was becoming heavier. But the most valuable information was obtained from prisoners. Nightly raids into the German lines were made by 9Officially referred to as "Bordeaux." THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 71 French infantrymen, and from the prisoners thus secured, as well as from an examination of captured documents, the French learned more and more of the details of the German plans. The most successful of all these raids was one led by a French lieutenant on the night of July 14. Positive information was secured to the effect that the Germans were planning to launch their attack early in the morning on July 15 and that their artillery preparation would begin just after midnight. Word was sent from headquarters of the 21st Corps and the artillerymen were ordered to be on the alert. Now that he knew the exact hour of the attack, General Gouraud, with a flash of genius, decided to anticipate it. At about half-past eleven the heavy French and American artillery along the front began a terrific bombardment of the German positions. This was limited to artillery of 150-millimeter caliber and larger, and the men of the light artillery units were not called to the guns until later. According to French reports published later, this counter-offensive caught the enemy as he was massing in preparation for the attack and caused him immense losses in men and material. Batteries of big guns which had not fired a single shot on the Champagne front and whose location was unknown to the enemy came suddenly to life and heaped high explosives on gun positions and units which were about to "jump off." But it was too late for the Germans to alter their program —the infantry units were already massed in their assault positions. Furthermore, the fire of the big guns would have prevented their withdrawal, had they attempted it. Shortly after midnight, according to schedule, the German artillery opened neutralization fire in an effort to demolish the gun positions of the allies and thus protect their own infantry when the time came for them to go over the top.'0 For more than three hours the flare of a terrific artillery duel illuminated the Champagne front, during which the men of the light artillery units ~0The fifth great German attack, of which this bombardment was the first phase, extended over a wide front, from the Chateau-Thierry salient eastward to the Argonne. The heaviest attacks were directed against the salient and against that portion of the Champagne front lying in front of Ch&lons-suTMarne. 72 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY waited in their dugouts for the command to open fire. They knew that the order would not come until the first wave of German infantry had crossed the front-line positions of the French. When it did come they must leave the shelter of their dugouts and man the guns in the open, realizing that the Germans were probably cognizant of the location of each of their battery positions. Shells had been dropping near by ever since the enemy artillery had opened fire at midnight. Those were trying hours. Camp 3/5, across the road from Battery E, was one of the first targets of the German artillery. Some of the horses belonging to Battery E were stabled in this camp and the limbers and caissons of the battery were parked there. Shortly after midnight shrapnel began bursting overhead, killing some of the horses. Drivers sleeping near by rushed to the stables to lead the horses away from the zone of fire. Gas shells and more shrapnel followed. Corporal Gay E. York of Battery E received his death wound. Captain Lewis C. Coleman was severely wounded and evacuated to the hospital. Other men fell. Fiftyeight horses were killed in about twenty minutes. The wounded men were taken to the camp's deepest dugouts and the surviving animals moved back toward Suippes. Two guns of the battery were put out of action by German shell fire.l At 3:45 A.M., exactly as scheduled, the German infantry crawled from its front-line trenches and began the assault. The brave French outposts who had survived the preliminary bombardment sent up rocket signals, white flares with parachutes attached, which announced to the men back at the guns, " The enemy is leaving his lines and advancing." Within less than a minute a barrage from the seventy-fives and a hail of high explosive and shrapnel descended upon the French first-line position, swamping the first wave of Germans in a deluge of steel. At the same time the French infantry, waiting farther down the slope in the fortified redoubts, let loose a storm of machine-gun and rifle "After being under heavy fire for several hours, the position of the battery was changed. The guns were moved one kilometer to the south and east, to an old French gun position on the crest of a low hill. Private William J. Rubly, who was missing when the roll was called after the bombardment, was never found. The supposition is that he was killed and his body never identified. A30, 1918, SHOWING 30, 1918, SHOWING STREET SCENE AT COURTISOLS, FRANCE, JUNE CAMOUFLAGED BARRACKS A GLIMPSE OF CAMP 3/5, NEAR SUIPPES, FRANCE I THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 73 bullets. But the fire directed upon the front-line position did not halt the advancing Germans. On they came, toward the line of redoubts, where they were met by another curtain of high explosive and shrapnel and by the determined and effective defense of the infantry units chosen to occupy this line and to " hold back and disintegrate the enemy." They were held up here between two and three hours, suffering tremendous losses, while their comrades who were coming up from the rear in support were caught, according to the prearranged plan, by the allied artillery fire which rolled back and forth between the redoubts and the first-line positions. At last the persistent attack of the Germans broke through the redoubts, as had been anticipated by those who had planned the defense. The enemy was now before the hinterland, in which companies of infantry were stationed at intervals in well-defended positions.12 And now came the great moment for the 151st Field Artillery. As the Germans surged through the line of redoubts, the rocket guards caught sight of the signal, a flag rocket, which told them that the enemy was in front of the hinterland and that the time was come for the artillery of groupenent Leach to lay down barrage C, which was to "box in" those portions of the German line of attack which had penetrated between the strongholds of the hinterland position, while the French poilus and American doughboys opened on them with rifles and machine guns. Tumbling out of their deep dugouts, in which they had been waiting since midnight, the gunners began a fire which, with only short intervals of rest, was to continue for three days. It was impossible definitely to check the German assault even at the hinterland. Rockets emitting yellow smoke at length announced that the enemy was advancing on the intermediate position, which General Gouraud had declared must be held at all costs. The batteries of the 151st switched from barrage C to barrage D, which was laid down some two hundred meters in front 21t was at this stage of the battle that a French officer sent back word to a post of command: "All my men are dead. I am wounded. The enemy is here. Open on him at once." This man, who deliberately ordered a fire which meant almost certain death to himself, lived to tell the story and was found alive by his comrades during a counter-attack. 74 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY of and parallel to the intermediate line. At this intermediate position, after several hours of fighting, the Germans were finally checked and it was unnecessary to put into operation the second phase of the defense plan.13 French and American infantrymen, fighting side by side, disposed of those of the enemy who survived the artillery fire. General Gouraud's plans had been carried out with extraordinary precision and the crisis on the Champagne front had passed. These days from the fifteenth to the eighteenth of July were strenuous ones for the 42nd Division. The guns of the artillery regiments were almost continually in action during the first two days of the attack, laying down defensive barrages as the Germans launched new attacks along the line, neutralizing German batteries in preparation for French and American counter-attacks, concentrating fire on objectives reported by aviators and observers, and harrassing the enemy in the front and rear zones. At times the firing would die down and the tired artillerymen would crawl under their blankets for a few moments' sleep. Then would come the call for more fire and the gun crews would again take their stations. The diary of Colonel Leach furnishes a graphic description of the four days' fighting on the Champagne front. Monday, July 15. At 12 a terrific bombardment commenced and extended along a front of 100 kilometers. At 3:45 A.M. the Boche left their trenches and started over and at 6:15, while I am writing this, they have reached the intermediate line and all our guns are going top speed. The aviators report that they are attacking our front with six divisions and we have only two. At 8:40 we started a counter attack and are regaining some lost ground. Noon and we have had four guns destroyed and a good many killed and wounded and it has been a perfect hell. Our balloon came down in flames but both observers jumped safely. The prisoners were assembled at my P. C. to be sent to the rear and I saw many pitiable sights. My great anxiety is the ammunition, for it is getting low. Tuesday, July 16. At 12 A.M., while I am writing this, we have stopped the attack on our intermediary position - we have had four killed and thirty-two wounded, but have been lucky. Four guns have been destroyed.14 The esprit of the Regiment has been wonderful 13At two points the German assault momentarily penetrated the intermediate lines, but it was immediately hurled back. 14The guns destroyed were quickly, though with difficulty, replaced by new ones from the artillery park in the rear. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 75 from the start. The papers on a dead German officer showed that they were to go fifteen kilometers yesterday and they got two and we are still holding. Terrific artillery fire all day and many air fights, with several balloons brought down. Wednesday, July 17. The fight let up a bit at times today and information from prisoners indicates that the Boche is bringing up more divisions. We have had to date forty-five killed and wounded and sixty-five horses killed. It is cloudy and rainy this P.M. and the wind is from the north and we received some gas and smoke shells. Thursday, July 18. We are serving in the 4th [French] Army, 21st Corps, 13th Division. It looks today as if we had the Boche licked. We have lost 114 horses and two limbers and four guns, which have been replaced. Orders came tonight to fill our caissons and hold them ready which means we will leave here tomorrow, probably for another fight. While I am making this entry we are being shelled by Boche 150's. At 11 P.M. I received orders to leave the sector. Adequately to describe a great battle is impossible; the most that one can do is to mention certain typical scenes and incidents. As dawn broke on July 15, the brilliant pyrotechnical display of the artillery gave way to a smoke-covered valley where glimpses of fighting were occasionally exposed to the view of observers, who experienced some tense moments in their posts on the hillside south of Souain. As it grew lighter six huge German tanks, three to the left of the sector and three to the right, could be seen lumbering forward across trenches and through wire. The 117th Trench Mortar Battery, a Maryland organization, was waiting for them and quickly put four of these moving arsenals out of business; fire from the field artillery, to which the observers had communicated the position of the tanks, soon followed and disposed of the other two. The men at the trench mortars did some of their most effective work against the tanks when the German infantry was so near that an order had come to destroy and abandon the mortars. Many other instances of accurate and effective artillery concentration that day might be cited. Lieutenant Howard W. McCoy, stationed in an observation post of the 2nd Battalion of the 151st, when he saw a group of the enemy filter through the hinterland and mass for an attack, asked for permission to open fire on them. When this was granted it was estimated that the detachment numbered two hundred. The observer telephoned the location of the 76 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY enemy and in a few moments shells began falling in their midst. Those Germans came no farther. Meanwhile, effective artillery fire was being directed on objects back of the German infantrymen. French long-range guns did particularly telling work, scoring direct hits on advancing batteries, on massed bodies of men in the German support lines, and on traffic leading up from the rear. One of the most vital and difficult problems connected with artillery operations is that of communication. The commander of an artillery regiment must at all times be in close communication with each of the various units of his command, with his observers in their forward stations, and with the infantry organization which he is supporting. Firing without observation cannot be accurate, and observation without communication is useless. From the Bordeaux sap, regimental post of command, radiated a system of telephone wires which communicated with the French line of redoubts, the intermediate line, and the second position. Other lines communicated with the battalion posts of command, the regimental observation post, two kilometers ahead, and the infantry in the forward positions. As an additional precaution direct communication had also been established between the regimental post of command and Battery E and the battalions of the 60th French Regiment. Telephones in the battalion posts of command made possible communication with the batteries and the battalion observation posts in front of the second-line positions. Some of these wires, which had been installed by the French, were buried twenty feet underground, at which depth it was very difficult to break them by shell fire. Communication with the observers was also established by wireless and T.P.S. (telegraphy through the soil). When all other means failed, runners were employed. During the night of the first attack and the four days following, the men of the regimental and battalion signal details were kept busy repairing wire cut by shell fire, so terrific at times as to destroy communication between battalion posts of command and batteries, and battalion and regimental headquarters. In such cases, runners carried messages until the wires could be repaired. Many of the observation posts had been under fire since the beginning of the German preparatory bombardment; twenty shells THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 77 fell within a radius of twenty feet of the regimental observation post. Sergeants Lawrence J. Driscoll and George L. Bonham repaired under shell fire the telephone wire leading from this post to the sap Bordeaux, which had been cut in more than twenty places. Many telephone men and runners were cited for bravery during these four days of fighting. Typical cases are those of Corporals Edwin L. Lindell and Raymond E. McGandy, both of the Headquarters Company, who, when the wires between regimental headquarters and the post of command of the 1st Battalion were broken, went out with a projector15 and under heavy shell fire signaled a message to the 1st Battalion calling for a barrage. Both won the Croix de Guerre. On July 15 Private George H. Morgan of Battery C, after being seriously wounded while carrying a message from the battalion commander to his battery, crawled on his hands and knees to his destination. Sergeant Ocea V. Phillips, also of Battery C, who had volunteered to carry a message through a heavy bombardment, was also wounded, but he refused medical attention until he had fulfilled his mission. Both men were awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Distinguished Service Cross. Boche airplanes had been relatively inactive during the days prior to July 15, but as soon as the attack began they swarmed over the allied lines. On the morning of July 15 as many as forty German planes could be counted from the post of command of the 2nd Battalion. Many of them swooped near the ground, turning their machine guns on the positions occupied by the artillery. One attacked Battery A position on the morning of the sixteenth and seriously wounded Corporal George B. Reid. The wounded man remained at his gun, however, until its fire was suspended, when he was evacuated to a hospital. For his brave conduct he received the Croix de Guerre and the Distinguished Service Cross. Besides participating in direct attack, enemy airplanes in this sector did extremely effective work in spotting and reporting the positions of French and American batteries. Shells from the enemy guns fell nearer and nearer the battery positions, with the 15The projector is an instrument for signaling by flashes of light It is particularly dangerous as the light may be seen by the enemy and become a target for shell fire. 78 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY result that by noon of the first day of the attack four guns of the 151st Field Artillery had been put out of action by direct hits. The German aviation during this period was far superior in numbers to that of the allies. During the entire period of the action, the men not actually at the guns hauled ammunition along shell-swept roads, brought food to the batteries, and attended to the many details which made it possible for the guns to continue firing. When the battery echelons came under fire it was necessary to move them. That of Battery A, for example, was moved three times because of German shell fire. Sergeant Walter Gehrken, in charge of this echelon, was cited for the skill and coolness with which he changed the position under the most difficult circumstances. Three kilometers south of Suippes, where the main supporting echelon had been established, the men of the Headquarters and Supply companies, as well as others not in gun positions, came under the fire of the heavy guns of the enemy for several hours. But the echelon was not moved and the work of supplying the regiment went forward without interruption. To communicate with the forward positions was not an easy task, for the roads in all directions around Suippes were included in the enemy's zone of fire. Wagoner Frank N. Clements, of the Supply Company, who drove with rations to the regimental post of command on the morning of the fifteenth, was seriously wounded on his way back when a shell struck by the roadside. The band of the 151st Regiment had been quartered in the city of Suippes. When the Germans began their attack, their long-range guns began searching for ammunition dumps and other objectives as far back as twenty kilometers - more than twelve miles - from the front line. The long-suffering city of Suippes was again a victim and shells resumed the work of demolishing the town. Civilians fled and the musicians of the 151st were compelled to retreat. During the four days of the battle the men lived on "tin" rations and hard-tack. They slept about the guns under tarpaulins- anywhere they could find places. Before the attack they had slept in pup tents, camouflaged with fir boughs or grass, and THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 79 had even enjoyed the luxury of taking off their shoes and a part of their clothing. But undressing for comfort was out of the question during these four days; nor could fires be built for cooking. The Boche airplanes, so much in evidence on the morning of the fifteenth, continued their activity and the warning to "get under cover" or " stand still " was likely to be given at any time of day. No battery positions were bombed, however, the "eggs" being reserved for later distribution. A heavy rain flooded the trenches near the guns on the night of the seventeenth and those who slept at all slept in water. But most discomforts were forgotten in the satisfaction of knowing that the Germans were being held and that the guns of the regiment were doing their part. The 3rd Battalion of the 60th French Light Field Artillery Regiment, included in Colonel Leach's command and stationed south and west of Battery F, won the unqualified admiration of the Americans. The French gunners fired their barrages under heavy bombardment with complete indifference to their own safety. They professed to be bored and they acted as though they really were. This can be more easily understood when it is known that the 60th had received four army citations and been decorated with the fourragere and the Croix de Guerre. During the four years preceding, it had been engaged, among other places, at the Somme, Ypres, Arras, Verdun, and on the Aisne. Space will permit of only the briefest mention of additional casualties suffered by the regiment and of the numerous cases of individual gallantry and courage. Battery E was the only unit to suffer seriously during the preliminary bombardment by the Germans, but when the signal for barrage C came and the men were obliged to leave their dugouts and work the guns in the open, the German shell fire began to tell. Captain Hugh H. Barber, commanding the 1st Battalion, was seriously wounded at his post of command at six o'clock on the morning of the fifteenth by an incoming shell, but in spite of his wound he remained at his post until the next day. In Battery E, on the same morning, a shell landing in the midst of a group of men carrying ammunition killed Private Joseph W. Devore and mortally wounded Sergeant Harold J. Worrall and Private Harold J. Lee. Devore was a selective 80 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY service man from Big Piney, Missouri. He had been in France only two weeks and had joined the battery from a replacement camp a few days before. When Captain Coleman called his men from their underground shelter, Devore, who had never before been under fire, was one of the first out. He was killed as he was working bravely and steadily under shell fire. He proved to his battery that the volunteers had no monopoly of bravery in the American army. Private Francis Allie of Battery B also received his death wound that morning, and seven men of Battery F were so severely gassed that they were evacuated to the hospitals. While directing his men, Captain Lewis C. Coleman was struck in the right forearm; wrapping a bandage around the wound, he continued in command until he was ordered by his battalion commander to go to the rear. Sergeant Hanning G. Johnson of Battery B, in charge of a gun section, was wounded in the arm early in the morning on the same day but remained with his gun. Wounded a second time, later in the day, he continued at his post until he was ordered to the hospital. Lieutenant Frank Booma of Battery A, billeting officer, was killed by a shell on the street in Vadenay.16 Privates Charles Howard and Henry J. Hoffman of Batteries B and C, respectively, volunteered to carry important messages over territory swept by shell fire; for accomplishing his difficult and dangerous mission Howard was awarded the Croix de Guerre and both men received the Distinguished Service Cross. At the celebration held in Minneapolis upon the return of the regiment, Captain Coleman and Sergeant Johnson, as well as Private Morgan and Corporals McGandy and Reid, all of whom had returned previously, were awarded the Croix de Guerre on behalf of the French government. Johnson, Morgan, and Reid had received the Distinguished Service Cross also. Chaplain William J. Harrington, always to be found in any position of danger where his services were needed, described the 6Corporal Lester M. Lang and Privates Ralph A. Ballou, Beryl M. Barker, Charles J. Benson, John L. Byers, Frank Kletzky, Paul 0. Nelson, Tony Syracuse, and John M. Towey, all severely wounded or gassed, were among the forty casualties of this three-day period of fighting. Private Louis B. Nichols of Battery F died of tuberculosis on July 19. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 81 wonderful spirit of the men in the following words: " Those fellows were smiling while the shells were falling all around and they waved at me and shouted 'Hello, padre.' When Johnson [of Battery B, mentioned above] was hit so he couldn't use either arm he came to me and asked me to try and fix him so he could stay with his battery and not go to a hospital. Another fellow with a piece of shell in his arm four inches long asked me if he should pull it out and when I said he should if he could stand it, he just smiled and pulled it out as if it were a sliver." It may be said that Chaplain Harrington's admiration for the conduct of the men that day was no greater than the men's admiration for the conduct of the priest. Despite the heavy shelling of the back areas on the morning of July 15, the two Y.M.C.A. men who were with the regiment, James S. Woodhouse and the Reverend Warren L. Bunger, visited the gun positions that morning. The cart on which Mr. Bunger rode and in which he carried supplies was hit by a shell splinter but he " completed his mission. " Mr. Woodhouse stayed at the guns for several hours. On the afternoon of July 15, at the southern end of Camp 3/5, just across from the original position of Battery E, seventy men of the Rainbow Division who had gone down under the German artillery fire were buried. Among them were Corporal York and Private Devore. A short funeral service was conducted by Father Harrington of the 151st and Chaplain Winfred E. Robb of the 168th Infantry - Catholic priest and Protestant minister - comrades now in the same cause. Wrapped in blankets, the bodies were laid away side by side in two long trenches, to the music of incoming and outgoing shells. Just as the last word of the burial service was spoken, a German shell burst near the little group at the grave. For half an hour, during a terrific bombardment, the two clergymen and an infantry officer in military charge of the burial, crouched in the trench which was awaiting its dead. The officer was struck on the head by a piece of shell, but the others were unharmed. The three days' fighting which began on July 15 proved decisive, not only in the Champagne sector east of Rheims, but in 82 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the Chateau-Thierry salient as well. The German attack was everywhere checked with great losses. It was a heavy blow to the enemy who had hoped that the battle might decide the war in his favor. The number and high quality of the divisions participating in the attack, as well as the testimony of prisoners and the evidence of captured documents, make it clear that the German high command had anticipated great results. It was expected that Suippes, in the rear of the position occupied by the 151st Field Artillery, would be taken on the morning of July 15. Chalons-sur-Marne, Rheims, and Epernay were to be occupied on the next day, these three cities being the principal objectives of the Germans.17 So sure were the Germans of reaching their goal that orders had been issued governing the behavior of the advancing troops. Wasteful pillaging was to cease. If pilfering was to be done, the army would do it officially. One order directed that a mounted officer of the quartermaster corps should take charge of the stores found in Chalons and gave detailed instructions with regard to the disposition of the booty. General Gouraud's order of July 16, addressed to the Fourth Army, is a worthy supplement to the famous appeal of July 7: SOLDIERS OF THE FOURTH ARMY On the day of July 15, you foiled the effort of fifteen German divisions, supported by ten others. According to their orders, they were to have reached the Marne in the evening: you stopped them short where we chose to engage in and win the battle. Well may you be proud, brave infantrymen and machine gunners of the advanced positions who signaled the coming attack and dis17It may be of interest to note the German plan of attack as revealed by information gathered from various sources. From the point of view of the attack, the offensive in the Champagne sector consisted of three phases. On the right wing, two groups led by Generals Lindequist and Gontard, each composed of three divisions in the first line, were to maneuver for the purpose of crossing the Vesle to the southwest, reaching the Marne, and enveloping Epernay. In the center, the 12th Corps and the 3rd Bavarian Corps were to fall upon Chalons in a direct drive to the south. The 151st Field Artillery was stationed along the road which was to be the apex of this attack. On the left wing, the 88th and the 7th infantry divisions and the 33rd Reserve Division were to advance obliquely to the southeast toward Ste. Menehould in an attempt to cut the railroad communications. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE 83 organized it, aviators who soared above it, battalions and batteries which broke it, and staffs which so carefully prepared the field of battle. It is a hard blow to the enemy. It is a great day for France. I am trusting you that it shall always be the same each time that he shall dare to attack you and, from my soldier's heart, I thank you. After the fighting in the Champagne, Lieutenant Colonel Desire Rene Gaston Broutin, commanding the artillery of the 13th French Infantry Division, recommended Colonel Leach for the Croix de Guerre with palm. Following is the text of the recommendation; it is a remarkable tribute, not only to Colonel Leach, but to the men of his command. Colonel George E. Leach, Commanding the 151st Field Artillery Regiment, Superior officer of high courage, commander of a Regiment whose spirit, coolness and gallantry have aroused universal admiration. In spite of the violence of the bombardment and the losses sustained, he constantly kept his units in full action, in close connection with the Infantry, and aided in halting the enemy offensive. V. THE GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE1 On July 18, three days after the beginning of the attack along the Champagne front, General Foch realized that his hour had come. At last it was the allies' turn to strike and the blow which now fell was but the first of a series which sent the enemy down to defeat. Not on the Champagne front, but at the ChateauThierry salient, did Foch strike the first telling blow of his great counter-offensive. Re-enforcements were necessary for his purpose, and additional units, including the Rainbow Division, were ordered to that front. That night the division was withdrawn from the line on the Champagne front on two hours' notice, but not before it had received some further attentions from the enemy. About ten o'clock brisk gunfire warned the civilian and military population that a Boche raiding party was in the vicinity. Siren whistles confirmed the information, and presently came the noise of the engines of bombing planes, accompanied by the barking of anti-aircraft guns. Searchlights located some of the raiding machines and the cannonading increased. Then the "eggs" began to fall, most of them near ammunition dumps, but the activity of the guns apparently alarmed the visitors and by eleven o'clock all was quiet again. There was little rest for the next two days. Supplies had been brought in, and after an inspection new clothes and equipment were issued. The men bathed in a creek in the valley, and guns and gun material were cleaned. On the second night the Germans 1General accounts dealing with the German retreat which is the subject of this and the succeeding chapter are contained in DeChambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 167-185; Pershing, Final Report, 34-36; and Thomas, History of the A. E. F., ch. 8, 9. The story of the Rainbow Division's participation is told in Tompkins, Rainbow Division, ch. 5, and in Wolf, Rainbow Division, 29-37. Material relating specifically to the 151st Field Artillery is to be found in both the manuscript and published forms of Colonel Leach's diary and in official documents, a number of which are printed on pages 239 to 254 of this volume. 84 GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 85 conducted a raid on a larger scale, and many of the bombs dropped near the gun parks and billets of the 151st. One of the hospitals was hit and destroyed by fire, and many bombs were dropped in Chalons-sur-Marne. On July 20 the division was ordered to proceed to Vitry-la Ville, fifteen kilometers south of Chalons-sur-Marne, there to entrain for a new front. This meant that there was to be no rest camp and that the division was going in on the allied offensive which had been started on July 18. Most of the men believed that it meant fighting in the section near Chateau-Thierry or Soissons, and they were right. The night march to Vitry-la Ville began at dusk. It was not the longest march made by the 151st, but in many ways it was the most strenuous. The German bombing machines came over to visit Chalons earlier than usual that night. Many American troops were on the road at that time, and the Germans, after dropping bombs among them, returned and, flying low, turned machine guns on the moving columns. Anti-aircraft batteries near Chalons were on the alert and things were made interesting for the invaders overhead, but there were several casualties in the division, though the 151st, which had just passed through the town, escaped without injury. Near Vitry-la Ville the regiment reached a zone where lights were permitted, and word went along the line " the men may smoke" -the last half of that night was much shorter than the first. The loading of the regiment began at six o'clock in the evening on the twenty-second, but the last unit did not leave until the next afternoon. The trip was made, as usual, in sections made up of flat cars, on which guns, caissons, and wagons were placed, and of 40 Hommes-8 Chevaux box cars. One coach for the use of officers was attached to each train. Although Chateau-Thierry was but a hundred kilometers away, the journey by rail was three hunired kilometers and took the troops through the outskirts of Paris. On the way, particularly near Paris, the French people waved and shouted greetings to the Americans. In some places, hanging from windows, were placards with English inscriptions such as " You have our best wishes " and "Long live America. " At one 86 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY place a sign near a grave, evidently the grave of an American soldier, read " Remember the Lusitania." Most of the units of the regiment were unloaded at Lizy, about fifteen miles west of Chateau-Thierry, in the afternoon of July 23; after two nights in camp at Cocherel, a few miles east of Lizy, the march to Chateau-Thierry was begun. As the regiment advanced it passed through a country of green valleys and hills. On the slopes were fields of waving grain and well-kept orchards and gardens. Women, children, and old men were working in the fields, near neat, red-roofed farmhouses. There was no evidence of war and it was difficult to realize, except for the passage of an endless procession of army trucks and marching men, that Chateau-Thierry, already famous in American history, lay only a few kilometers away. From the tops of the hills along the way, curving trails of dust clouds could be seen in the valleys and along the sides of the hills, marking the course of the roads, but the country itself was just as it must have been before the war, peaceful and smiling. And then, like stepping from sunlight into darkness, the regiment entered the zone of war and passed through country which had recently been the scene of a terrific struggle - buildings, trees, and orchards blasted by shell fire; fields disfigured by shell holes, trenches, and barbed-wire entanglements; and roads strewn with empty ammunition cases and discarded equipment, with here and there the wreck of a gun or a caisson. Vaux was a jumbled mass of wood and stone. Where had stood a neat little village of a thousand inhabitants, with stone houses and churches and stores, there lay, in millions of fragments, a festering place for the dead. Not a building had survived the terrific fire of the American guns, and mingled with the wreckage were gray-green splotches which once had been men -German soldiers. Along the outskirts of the village, toward ChateauThierry, lay many more soldiers, and among them were some in khaki, American soldiers who had died while storming the hills to the east and breaking up the German machine-gun nests in a forest extending across the line of advance. The forest itself was a shambles, for the burial squads had not yet reached it. GERMAN RETREAT FROMS THE MARNE 87 Chateau-Thierry, loved by the French as the home of La Fontaine and for its picturesque beauty, showed plainly the effects of German occupancy, but it had not been shelled to such an extent as had its unfortunate little neighbor, Vaux. Before leaving, the Germans had characteristically wrecked the interiors of houses and engaged in promiscuous looting. Windows were broken, furniture demolished, and civilian property confiscated. For several days during the advance beyond Chateau-Thierry, the men of the Rainbow Division continued to come upon evidence of the looting of the city. Abandoned feather beds, quilts, curtains, women's apparel, sewing machines, and other household articles strewn along the roads told the story of the war waged on helpless civilians. It had been intended that the 151st should go into position on July 25, but the roads were being so heavily shelled by the enemy that Brigadier General George G. Gatley, who had superseded Brigadier General Charles H. McKinstry as commander of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, countermanded the order and the regiment spent the night in the woods near Chateau-Thierry. This region was strewn with dead and, as often happened from this time on, the selection of sleeping places had to be made with due attention to the direction of the wind. In reconnoitering the position to be occupied by his command, Captain Levens D. Williams of Battery A was wounded by a shell and was taken to the hospital that night. The next day the regiment entered the line. The action in the Champagne sector, while the division had been in line there, had been purely defensive. The batteries of the 151st Field Artillery had not changed their positions during the engagement, save to escape enemy shell fire. But the battle into which the regiment was now to enter was of a very different character; the allies were on the offensive and it was a warfare of movement, in which they pressed hard upon the heels of the retreating Germans or hammered them incessantly when they endeavored to stand. While the Fourth Army under General Gouraud had been holding back the enemy attack in the Champagne, the Germans had been delivering fierce blows farther to the west, in this, their fifth and final attempt to break the allied line and end the war. 88 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Their plan in this area was to attack through the Chateau-Thierry salient to the south and east, in order to occupy additional territory and surround the city of Rheims. With the crossings of the Marne in their possession, the way would be open for an advance on Paris and there was also a possibility that the entire allied line of battle would become untenable. The stakes were worth playing for. As a matter of fact, the German onslaught of July 15 and 16 in the Marne salient met with some initial success. The enemy advanced through the French positions in the southeast, although the allied line did not break as in the disastrous drive of May 27. It should be remembered that the battle line of July 15 in this region had not been stable for a long period, as had that of the Fourth Army in the Champagne, and it was therefore much less strongly fortified. The allied line on the south and west sides of the salient held, and by July 18 the enemy was checked without having achieved any decisive results. General Foch, convinced that at last he possessed the necessary strength, decided to begin a counter-offensive to drive the enemy out of the Marne salient. Every American division with any training was made available for this counter-offensive. The morning of July 18 found the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 26th divisions in line, the 1st and 2nd near the angle of the salient, southwest of the city of Soissons, the 4th on the west side, and the 26th near the southern extremity.2 It was General Foch's plan to pinch off the salient, which projected more than thirty kilometers into the allied line, by delivering simultaneous attacks from the western angle, near Soissons, and the eastern angle, near Rheims. The 1st and 2nd divisions, with the 1st French Moroccan Division, were given the task of driving in upon the enemy from the west. They succeeded in breaking the German line, pushing eastward to the heights south of Soissons, and forcing the enemy to begin withdrawing immediately from the salient. Meanwhile, another attack was pushed from the east, in the vicinity of Rheims, and other allied divisions began to exert pressure from all sides upon the retiring enemy. 2Several other American divisions were concentrated in the vicinity and came into action during the days which followed. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 89 The Germans had accumulated a large number of guns and an immense amount of ammunition and other material in the salient, to be used in the drive toward Paris. They were now forced to begin a desperate rear-guard action in the effort to keep their lines intact and prevent the capture of this material by the allies. Now they would halt in a strong position to cover their retreat, then again would retire so rapidly that it was with difficulty that the advancing allied divisions maintained contact with them. Since the operations of the 42nd Division in this sector were a continuation of those of the 26th (the New England) Division, which it relieved, a brief account of the fighting carried on by the latter during the first few days of the drive will be of interest. On July 18 the 26th Division formed a part of the 1st American Army Corps, as did also the 167th French Division, stationed on its left. The organization was in position at the southern extremity of the salient, just to the left and west of ChateauThierry and Vaux. At the beginning of the counter-offensive, the 26th was directed to stand fast, but was at last ordered to attack on the morning of July 21. Meanwhile, however, the Germans had withdrawn, and the division took up the pursuit, aiming in a general northeasterly direction toward Fismes, situated about midway between Soissons and Rheims. Planning to fight a delaying action, the Germans made a stand in a very strong position a short distance north of Chateau-Thierry, in the vicinity of the villages of Trugny and Epieds. On July 22 the 26th Division attacked the position, but failed to dislodge the enemy, and the fighting continued throughout the next day without decisive result. On the night of the twenty-third the division was re-enforced, but when it advanced to the attack the next morning it was found that the Germans had retired during the night, having held the position long enough to serve their immediate purpose. The Americans and French pushed forward and toward evening they encountered a fresh stand of the enemy. The 26th and the divisions on either flank established themselves and prepared to assault on the following morning. At this time the enemy was holding the line of the Jaulgonne-Fere-en-Tardenois 90 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY road, from Le Charmel to La Croix Rouge Ferme. It was at this point, on the night of July 24-25, that the 42nd Division relieved the 26th. The German withdrawal from the salient gradually shortened the line and made it possible for the Rainbow Division also to take over, on the twenty-sixth, the sector of the 167th and 164th French divisions. The 42nd Division thus came to occupy the entire front of the 1st American Army Corps, with the two divisions of the corps which had been withdrawn - the 26th and the French 167th -in support. The allies maintained unremitting pressure upon the enemy forces in the Marne salient. The infantry of the 42nd Division, after relieving the 26th, pursued the retreating Germans, the artillery following in its wake. Plunging on, the 84th Infantry Brigade captured a strong position known as La Croix Rouge Ferme on the afternoon of July 26, sustaining heavy losses from machinegun fire. The 151st Field Artillery did no actual fighting, but spent the day in bringing the batteries forward into position, only to move on again. During the night of July 26 the enemy continued the withdrawal and the infantry of the 42nd Division once more took up the pursuit. The artillery resumed the march in a drizzling rain, which continued all night. On the twenty-seventh the division followed hard on the heels of the retreating Germans and toward evening gained contact with them along the river Ourcq, which flowed at right angles across the path of advance. The 151st, as before, followed as rapidly as possible. Through the night of July 27 the regiment marched northward, wallowing in a sea of mud, drenched by rain, delayed by the heavy traffic which choked the roads, and exposed to shell fire and bombs. The line of march passed through the wrecked town of Beuvardes, which the Germans had abandoned only that morning. Toward morning on July 28 the batteries of the 151st took position in the north edge of the Foret de Fere, a thick wood extending north of Beuvardes to within three kilometers of the river Ourcq. No readymade shelters awaited the men when they occupied the new positions as had been the case during much of the regiment's previous fighting. Gun pits were hastily dug and the men slept in "fox 7m, CH4A TEA 'U-71EReY CA.MPA 16A',/U/y Z6 w-o Au. //", /9/8. LGA6LYD Z- 8oucrdcary oof '/v/s,//7r/ 5cAc ---- /r c/las roods. a Tons oR r V;//aoes o ~.. Locaf/;or of^ ffoery 3 s/i/obs Sco/e ir-I/(/om chrs. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 91 holes" scooped out near by or, in some cases, on the bare ground, sheltered only by tarpaulins. The preceding days had been strenuous, but decidedly interesting, for the ground over which the regiment had marched had recently been the scene of fierce infantry fighting. The region had been held by the Germans since May. Hundreds of them still remained, but not to wage war in the cause of the All Highest. Along the roads, in open fields, and in the woods they lay, some covered with shallow mounds of earth marked with wooden crosses, but many of them left unburied in the haste of their comrades' retreat before the American advance. There were other mounds, too many of them, on which rested American rifles and American helmets; for the fight for Epieds, quaint little French city surrounded by hills, and for Beuvardes, on a hillside cut by many wagon roads, had cost the lives of many American soldiers. All of the towns along the way had been pommeled by shell fire when the Germans advanced in May and again during their retreat. All showed the inevitable signs of enemy occupancywreckage and filth. Curtains were torn down, furniture and dishes broken, closets and trunks ransacked. Bottles which had contained wine were scattered broadcast, particularly in houses which had been occupied by officers. In these houses, too, were documents and books of great interest to American soldiers who could read German. Many of them contained propaganda for the German troops. They told of the close bond between Austrians and Hungarians and Germans, and included pictures of types of soldiers from different German provinces and from Austria and Hungary. German signs and placards were still undisturbed in these towns, and the Americans apparently took some satisfaction in allowing them to remain. The number of these signs, giving directions and announcing the location of town commandanturs, hospitals, and other military establishments, indicated the thoroughly organized efficiency of the enemy occupation. The Foret de Fere, extending four kilometers north of Beuvardes, at the north edge of which the guns of the 151st were in position, had been an immense German arsenal; here, hidden from 92 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY fliers by the thick foliage of the trees, were mammoth ammunition dumps. Though some of these had been burned by the Germans before their retreat, an immense quantity of ammunition of large and small caliber was captured by the Americans. It included small-arms ammunition for rifles and machine guns, and thousands of rounds of high explosive and gas shells for the German seventyseven - a gun of about the same size as the French seventy-five or an American three-inch cannon - as well as for artillery of larger caliber. In their flight the Germans had also abandoned a large number of guns and wagons and other material. The position to which the Germans had retired on the night of July 27 was to be the scene of a long and desperately fought battle. The river Ourcq, a tiny stream averaging at this point not more than six meters in width and fifty centimeters in depth, was a tributary of the Marne, flowing westward almost at right angles to the line of advance of the 42nd Division. The crossing of the river did not present a serious problem, since it flowed over a bed of sand and gravel and only a few areas of marshy ground adjoined; but the heights to the north of the river were held by the Germans, and their possession, rather than the mere crossing of the river, was the object of the allied attacks during that phase of the Aisne-Marne engagement sometimes known as the Battle of the Ourcq. Several small towns and villages scattered along the German position became famous during these few days. At the right of the sector, just north of the Ourcq, was the little town of Sergy, which before the war had been credited with a population of 256 persons; Seringes was situated farther to the left, on a hill two kilometers north of the Ourcq. Due north of Sergy and just within the divisional sector was the village of Nesles, consisting of an old chateau, a cluster of buildings, and two farms. Along the slope between Seringes and Nesles were several farms with buildings which could be utilized as machine-gun nests. One of them, Meurcy Ferme, was to become historic. South of the Ourcq was the Foret de Fere, in the north edge of which the 151st Field Artillery now took its position. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 93 Facing the 42nd Division, on the heights north of the Ourcq, were the 4th Prussian Guard Division, the 201st German Reserve Division, and the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division. The 6th Bavarian Reserve had been on this front since the beginning of the counter-offensive of July 18. The 4th Prussian Guard, which replaced the 10th Landwehr Division near Sergy on the night of July 27, was one of the crack divisions of the German army. The order of battle of the 42nd Division was as follows: The 83rd Infantry Brigade was on the left of the sector with Villerssur-Fere, Seringes, and Meurcy Ferme in its line of objectives. On the right of the brigade sector was the 165th Infantry and on the left, the 166th. The 84th Brigade was in position to the right of the 83rd, with the 167th Infantry on the left and the 168th on the right. The villages of Sergy and Nesles were the principal objectives in this, the right half of the divisional sector. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade supported the 83rd Infantry Brigade, its units being disposed as follows: the 151st Field Artillery and the 3rd Battalion of the 150th Field Artillery, under command of Colonel Leach, supported the advance of the 165th Infantry; the 149th Artillery and the 1st Battalion of the 150th supported the 166th Infantry. In the rear of the two regiments of the 84th Brigade was the 51st Field Artillery Brigade, a part of the 26th Division. Occupying the positions described above, the Rainbow Division prepared to break the stand of the Germans north of the Ourcq. Orders for the attack were issued on July 27, and in the evening of the same day three battalions of infantry actually succeeded in reaching the north bank of the Ourcq. All through the night they hung on, though they were exposed to constant machine-gun and artillery fire. The main attack was launched on the morning of July 28, the artillery now being in position and ready to give the infantry the necessary support. Early in the morning the remaining battalions of the four infantry regiments of the Rainbow Division began the advance toward the Ourcq. Villers-sur-Fere, just south of the little stream, was occupied and, in spite of the intense rifle and machine-gun fire from the heights to the north, 94 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY a crossing was effected all along the division front; by ten-thirty elements of all four infantry regiments had reached the north bank. All day long the battle rolled back and forth between the Ourcq and the hills beyond. The 167th Infantry from Alabama captured the village of Sergy but the 4th Guard Regiment of the Germans launched a fierce counter-attack and recaptured it. The Alabamans came back and retook the town. The Guards, not to be outdone, repeated the counter-attack. Four times the town of Sergy changed hands that day, but at eight o'clock in the evening it was reported to be in the hands of the Americans. At that hour the American line was intact along the north bank of the Ourcq. Intense enemy artillery fire had continued all day and the Germans had shelled the roads leading up to the river as well as those points in the woods where they believed American troops were assembling or batteries were located. Particular difficulty was encountered from enemy machine guns. The 165th Infantry met with stubborn resistance from machine-gun fire from a wood just north of the Ourcq; the artillery under Colonel Leach's command had seemingly exhausted every possible means of silencing this gun, having fired many " concentrations" upon the area, which was only a few acres in extent. Finally, Captain Alfred Jacobson, a French liaison officer attached to Colonel Leach's headquarters, volunteered to carry a telephone wire beyond the line of advance of the infantry to the very edge of the wood and to direct the fire from there. He actually accomplished this daring feat with most successful results, the further advance of the infantry being greatly facilitated. During the course of the day's fighting Corporal Lee R. Collins of Battery A was killed on a road in the Foret de Fere and five men of Batteries C and F were wounded by shell fire. Lieutenant Hamilton F. Corbett of Battery F, who had been gassed only two days before, but had not been evacuated to a hospital, was wounded by a shell. The Germans were using light and medium-sized artillery only,3 but the efficiency of their fire was materially increased by the work of their aviators, who flew over forward and rear zones, 8They were probably engaged in evacuating their heavy artillery to the rear. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 95 directing artillery fire, dropping bombs, and at times even attacking infantrymen and battery positions with machine-gun fire. During the day three enemy planes turned their guns for an hour on the infantry to the east of Villers-sur-Fere. Late in the afternoon American anti-aircraft gunners in some measure evened the score by bringing down a German plane in the left of the sector in front of the American lines. The Fere-en-Tardenois-Le Charmel highway, which ran near the post of command of the 151st, not far from the guns, was on that day and for five days succeeding almost constantly shelled along its entire course from east of Beuvardes to the river. This thoroughfare was used by wounded men searching for dressing stations and indifferent to shells, by sound men coming up to the front, by ambulances with loads of dead and dying, and by artillerymen bringing up ammunition. Thirty-three prisoners, most of them wounded, were taken that day by the division. Near one of the dressing stations they were given coffee, which they drank as though they were expecting bayonets down their throats rather than hot drink. One of them, an artilleryman, said he had been sent to the front because he had gone on strike while working in an airplane factory in Berlin. When asked why he and his fellow workmen had done so, he said: " Some wanted peace, some wanted more food, and some wanted more money." These prisoners declared that the Germans were preparing to make a final stand at Fismes, south of the Vesle River, but those captured late in the day said that orders had come to hold the heights north of the Ourcq at all costs. The Germans continued the intense shelling of roads and woods during the night, and on the morning of the twenty-ninth the American attack was renewed. The infantrymen, eager to avenge their comrades who had fallen the day before, advanced on Meurcy Ferme and the ridges north of Sergy, supported by steady artillery fire. In the afternoon they advanced to the attack on Seringes. The infantry suffered heavily from machine-gun fire from all these objectives. The 151st Field Artillery, still supporting the advance of the 165th Infantry, directed heavy fire on Meurcy Ferme, the Bois Brfile, and the Bois Colas, and upon the 96 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY southern edge of the Foret de Nesles, where it was suspected that the Germans had placed their light artillery. Meurcy Ferme was captured during the morning. So heavy was the machine-gun fire from the slope north of the river that the attack was held up time after time while the artillery searched out and demolished the nests in grainfields and along the slopes. Finally the infantrymen closed in, and in fierce hand-to-hand combat they killed the gunners who had survived the artillery fire. The infantry which advanced on Seringes in the afternoon was subjected to heavy fire from artillery as well as from machine guns. The troops marching up the road through Villers-sur-Fere were targets for German fire all the way across the river and up the slope to the town. But once they were hand to hand with the Germans, the fight was over. As in the attack on Meurcy Ferme, the infantry captured the machine guns at the point of the bayonet. Sergy had been retaken by the Germans on the morning of the twenty-ninth, but the Alabamans came back in a counterattack and this time their work was thoroughly done; they went through the place and took Hill 212, which dominated the little town. A summary of intelligence issued by the 1st Army Corps on July 30 is authority for the statement that this was the ninth time that Sergy had changed hands since noon of July 28. At nightfall the 42nd Division held the line Seringes-Meurcy FermeSergy-Hill 212. During this day's fighting the regiment fired 6,181 rounds of ammunition. Though enemy planes were active, luck was with the 151st and five men wounded was the sum total of the casualties. In spite of their defeats of the twenty-ninth, the Germans continued a stubborn resistance north of the Ourcq. During the night they shelled the American rear areas as far back as Epieds and bombed the Foret de Fere, narrowly missing some of the limber echelons of the 151st. Towards morning on July 30 they counterattacked on this front, fighting fiercely to regain Seringes and Meurcy Ferme, and launching two heavy assaults upon Sergy. These counter-attacks were accompanied by heavy artillery fire, the bombardment of Sergy continuing practically all day. Villers GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 97 sur-Fere was shelled, gassed, and bombed by airplanes, and the woods were raked as far south as Beauvardes. The American artillery replied vigorously, the 151st firing 6,943 rounds during the day. Much of this fire was on the northern part of Seringes and on Meurcy Ferme, where the Germans had succeeded in gaining another footing. During the bombardment of the Foret de Fere, nine men of Batteries B and D were wounded. One of them, Sergeant Axel N. Howalt of Battery B, who had been commended for bravery in the Champagne and who had narrowly escaped death several times in his work of repairing telephone wires, lived only a few hours. The 84th Brigade, on the right, had some difficulty in keeping up with the advance. The net result of the day's fighting was that the 83rd Brigade advanced to the southwestern edge of the Foret de Nesles and the 84th Brigade pushed its left across the heights northwest of Sergy and its right about one kilometer north of the town. From the standpoint of ammunition expenditure, July 31 was for the 151st Field Artillery the biggest day of the Battle of the Ourcq. Early in the morning the infantry advanced up the slopes toward the southern edge of the Foret de Nesles. Three times on that day the regiment laid down protecting barrages in front of the advancing 165th Infantry and also concentrated its fire on machine-gun nests and on fleeting targets, firing a total of 8,452 rounds of ammunition. Many gas shells were used in an effort to clear the south edge of the Foret de Nesles of machine guns and at one-fifteen in the afternoon a gas detachment from the 165th Infantry fired phosphorus bombs on the Bois Brfile and machinegun nests to the eastward. Shortly before two o'clock an ammunition dump in the Foret de Nesles was blown up by American artillery fire. The 168th Infantry had encountered stiff opposition on the extreme right of the sector during the previous two days and had been unable to advance with the speed of the other three regiments. Late in the afternoon the Iowans made a determined attack which failed, however, to reach its objective before dark, so at nightfall the infantrymen along the remainder of the sector dug themselves in. 98 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY During the day the German artillery fire on the right of the sector had decreased somewhat, and enemy aviators were not so active as before, although a patrol of eight planes appeared late in the day and opened on the infantry with machine guns. One of the airplanes was brought down by machine-gun fire from the American lines. The Germans were content on this, the fourth day of the fighting at the Ourcq, to remain on the defensive at the south edge of the Foret de Nesles and on the adjoining ridges. No counter-attacks were attempted. The Germans still held on tenaciously and August 1, the fifth day of the battle, passed with no change in the general situation. The artillery continued its regular firing, making a particular effort to search out and destroy enemy machine-gun nests. German aviators increased their activities, but, despite this, the Americans flew over the enemy lines and made valuable photographs which were very useful in clearing the opposite slopes of batteries and machine guns. Sixteen flights were made in the divisional sector on this day alone for purposes of photographic reconnaissance, fire adjustment, and artillery surveillance. Repeated attacks were made by enemy planes; one of the American machines failed to return and another was shot down inside the allied lines, the pilot dead and the observer wounded. With the valley the stage, artillery observers occupying points of vantage on the heights north and south of the river watched the changing scenes of the six-day drama, the Battle of the Ourcq. Speaking through telephone instruments strapped to their heads, they played their part in the tremendous military spectacle unfolded before them. They gave orders and instructions which changed the setting and shifted the players. Two of the observation posts on the heights south of the Ourcq were occupied by members of the 151st Field Artillery. They were in plain view, two thousand feet apart on the open hillside, and the Germans had done all the work involved in their construction, for they were simply shell holes made by the German 155's. A considerable part of the artillery fire of the regiment was for six days directed from these holes, except for occasional periods during which the telephone men were engaged in repairing broken lines. 'i -*f 1 I 4 *f OFFICERS OF THIE RAINBOW DIVISION [At the time this picture was taken Colonel Douglas MacArthur (left) was chief of staff and Major General Charles T. Menoher (right) commanding general.] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~.. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 99 Not more than five hundred yards to the rear, in an open ditch in the Foret de Fere, was the regimental post of command. On the third day of the battle this post was visited by Major General Hunter Liggett, commander of the 1st Army Corps, Major General Charles T. Menoher of the Rainbow Division, and Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur. The panorama which lay before General Liggett and the others when they went to the crest of the hill that day was the same which, with certain shifts in the setting, the observers of the 151st Artillery were watching day by day. In the yellow wheatfields on the slopes beyond the Ourcq the infantrymen from New York, Ohio, Iowa, and Alabama were busily at work. Sometimes they advanced through the fields in a single line, crawling on hands and knees. Again they walked slowly abreast, occasionally dropping to the ground as if in response to an order, then rising and pushing ahead. There were times when some of those who dropped did not rise again, but lay still in the midst of the wheat. Now and then shafts of dirt and smoke shot into the air. Sometimes small knots of men collected and rushed in toward little dark spaces, as if there were something there which they wished to drive out. Once they had pushed through the fields and reached the slopes beyond, the men threw themselves on the ground and appeared to be busily engaged in scooping out holes with their shovels. These wheatfields sheltered the machine-gun nests occupied by German soldiers who had been ordered to die at their posts, if necessary, in order to stem the American advance. The observers at their posts saw still more. Beyond the wheatfields they saw little bands of American soldiers climbing doggedly up the green slopes toward the enemy above. Shrapnel and high explosive burst among these men, some of whom fell and did not rise again. Usually the advance proceeded slowly and steadily northward, but there were times when it was halted by impassable artillery and machine-gun fire. Now and then the men on the slopes would turn and come back, sometimes supporting wounded comrades, but never, apparently, panic-stricken. Outgoing and incoming shells whined and shrieked over the heads of the observers. Along the crest of the slope north of the 100 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Ourcq, dense columns of smoke showed where the American artillery was battering away at the German strongholds. Along a road less than two hundred yards to the rear of the watchers, passed the American wounded, some walking, some carried on stretchers, but most of them smiling. But the eyes did not tell the whole story of the battle, for the Germans had left dead men and horses on the hills in their retreat a few days before which, in their haste, they had not had time to bury. At midnight of August 1 dense columns of smoke and flames from enemy territory informed the Americans that the Germans, unable longer to resist the steady pounding attack, had begun another retreat and were again headed north toward the Vesle. The smoke and flames came from ammunition dumps which the enemy was destroying in preparation for departure. As the American infantrymen advanced at daybreak, they met with spasmodic resistance from groups of German machine gunners, but there was no determined attempt to stop the advance. Artillery units directed their fire upon such enemy groups as remained, but their activity during August 2 was relatively slight. German artillery fire had decreased with the beginning of the retreat and, furthermore, as the day was dark and rainy, the artillerymen for the first time in six days could show themselves at the guns without danger. Although worn out with the constant strain of the past six days, the infantry pushed ahead through the rain. The 117th Engineers had been brought up on the right of the sector and, acting as infantry, this fresh regiment pushed its way up and over Hill 212, which already had been the scene of bloody fighting. As it approached the Bois de la Pisotte, however, it was held up by machine-gun fire. But the engineers, fighting like veteran infantrymen, went ahead. The divisional artillery followed the infantry with orders to advance " with audacity. " By night every unit of the Rainbow Division had crossed the Ourcq.4 On August 3 the 42nd Division, with the exception of the 67th Artillery Brigade and the Ammunition Train, was relieved by the 4Casualties in the 151st during the Battle of the Ourcq numbered twentyfive, including, besides those already mentioned, Sergeant Louis A. Zeman, Corporal Elmer C. Bodine, and Privates Ray B. Webster, Clarence C. Hanley, and Harold Lund, all severely wounded or gassed. GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE MARNE 101 4th Division of the American army. The 151st was to support the 8th Infantry Brigade during the advance to the Vesle and the fighting along that river. The work of the Rainbow Division during the period described above is well set forth in the following quotation from a summary of intelligence issued from division headquarters. "In eight days of battle the 42nd Division has forced the passage of the Ourcq, taken prisoners from six enemy divisions, met, routed, decimated a crack division of the Prussian Guard, a Bavarian Division and one other division, and driven back the enemy's line for 16 kilometers." VI. ON TO THE VESLE1 Though there had been six days of labor, there was to be no seventh day of rest for the 151st Field Artillery. The morning of August 3 found the guns in new positions, the 1st Battalion near Meurcy Ferme and the 2nd three kilometers north of Seringes. Both places, it will be recalled, had been American objectives during the fighting at the Ourcq. With the coming of daylight, the men of the 1st Battalion had an opportunity to see at close range the results of their artillery fire. In Meurcy Ferme, which had been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting of the Ourcq, and in the wheatfields near by, lay the German dead. Entire machine-gun crews were found in their nests, some of the men lying across the guns. They had died at their places as they had been ordered, though here, at least, none were chained to their guns.2 The ground about was torn by shells. To the left of Seringes, on the crest of the slope, was further evidence of the work of the regiment's guns. Scores of Germans who had been caught under the artillery fire lay in trenches along the ridge and in the open. Some had died from wounds, others had been caught by gas shells. In many cases the gas masks which they wore had failed to save their lives. In the little excavations where they had slept with their guns were the evidences of their recent occupation - hard black bread, tinned goods and wine, and pieces of uniforms. Seringes, where the regimental post of command was established, had been completely wrecked. The town was full of dead, not all of whom were Germans, and in the little cemetery near the church the German dead were buried next to those of French civilians. Shells had fallen in the graveyard, which consequently 'The pursuit to the Vesle was a continuation of the advance discussed in the preceding chapter. See page 84 for the sources upon which this chapter is based. 2Reports were widely circulated that German machine gunners were chained to their guns. 102 ON TO THE VESLE 103 was not a peaceful-looking burial ground. From the church adjoining the cemetery the Germans had displayed a Red Cross flag all during the battle. But all was not tragedy in Seringes. In a building formerly used as a restaurant, but now resembling a morgue, a soldier had discovered a wrecked mechanical piano. He had given the instrument first aid and all day long he kept up a medley of French airs, to the great delight of the men passing along the street. The sound of the piano brought a grin to the face of many a wounded soldier who was carried by. The Germans were retreating rapidly northward toward the river Vesle, with the 4th Division in pursuit; during the day the 1st Battalion, at Meurcy Ferme, under the command of Captain Alfred H. Pautot, delivered light harrassing fire on the fleeing enemy. New orders came on the night of August 3, and after a long night and day march through the wooded country just evacuated by the Germans, the regiment reached Chartreuve Ferme, six kilometers south of the Vesle River and one kilometer south of the village of Chery-Chartreuve. The march was along roads which had been mined and blocked with trees by the Germans, through a country affording other evidences of the haste of their retreat. Ammunition and material in large quantities were found, and in some of the buildings which had been occupied as hospitals, enemy wounded had been left behind to the mercy of the Americans. These men showed surprise at the good treatment which they received. German prisoners declared that they had had orders to destroy all large buildings on their line of retreat. As a part of this policy the buildings at Chartreuve Ferme, a beautiful country estate which had been a breeding place for race horses before the war, had been partially destroyed by dynamite. Enough of them were left standing for occupancy, however, and here was established the 151st's regimental post of command with the regimental detail, consisting of telephone and signal men and the operations staff. Batteries A and B were detached and sent forward one kilometer with the infantry, while Batteries C, D, E, and F took positions half a kilometer south of Chartreuve Ferme. 104 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On the night of August 4 the Germans retreating along the entire front crossed the river Vesle and took up positions on the slopes and hills beyond. The Sixth French Army, with the American units attached, had accomplished its designated task.3 The Soissons-Rheims-Chateau-Thierry pocket had been sewed up and the allied line along this entire front had been straightened. But that was not sufficient. General Foch was determined to keep striking while the iron was hot, and he now proposed to occupy the heights north of the Vesle. The advance of the 4th Division had been halted by intense artillery and machine-gun fire from the hills beyond the river, but in spite of the enemy resistance small bodies of troops managed to establish themselves on the further side. The slopes occupied by the Germans directly north of the stream were more rugged and rocky than those north of the Ourcq. The sector assigned to the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and the artillery brigade of the 4th Division was approximately two and one-half kilometers in width. At the left of the sector, just across the river, was the town of Bazoches, planted with the machine guns of the enemy. South of Bazoches and skirting the north bank of the river toward the east, ran a railway track, in some places nearly touching the stream. About four hundred meters north of Bazoches, almost parallel with the railroad, was the Rouen-Rheims highway, beyond which, as far as the eye could reach, extended slopes, in some cases wooded but usually bare and of rocky formation. On these slopes, in huge quarry caves, some of them large enough to conceal a regiment, and in the woods, were German machine guns and artillery. The country was admirably fitted for defensive warfare. Most of the gun positions of the 151st were in the open, in a soil which made digging almost impossible and which would offer little protection should the Germans locate and begin shelling the batteries. On August 5 and 6 the Americans attempted an advance which should include the capture of Fismes on the right of the sector and 30n August 3 command of the American forces in the Vesle region passed to the 3rd American Army Corps under Major General Robert L. Bullard. Pershing, Final Report, 36. ON TO THE VESLE 105 Bazoches on the left. They were aided by squadrons of French cavalry which had been of great value in the pursuit of the enemy from the Ourcq to the Vesle. The attempt to advance was met by determined opposition from machine-gun, minenwerfer, and artillery fire, and at first was unsuccessful. Rolling barrages were fired by the American artillery, the 151st supporting the infantry on the right of the sector. In the afternoon of August 6, however, accompanied by heavy artillery fire and following a rolling barrage, some of the 4th Division infantrymen crossed the river and succeeded in entrenching themselves on the Rouen-Rheims highway on the right of the sector. On the left they failed in their attempt to capture Bazoches, but extended their positions to the railroad line southeast of the town. A Boche counter-attack on the right was repulsed. The artillery fire of the Germans on this day was exceedingly heavy and back areas and roads were shellswept. At midnight the Germans made an unsuccessful attempt to drive the infantrymen supported by the 151st back across the Vesle, which kept the artillerymen at the guns for hours, firing defensive barrages. August 7 was occupied with further efforts to make good the American position north of the Vesle. The units on the right of the divisional sector, which had succeeded in crossing the day before, held fast. Meanwhile, the elements on the left made another attempt to cross, which was this time successful. At eight o'clock that evening, two companies and a half were on the north bank and they at once established liaison with the forces on their right.4 This was a day of great artillery activity. The 151st fired 9,527 rounds on machine-gun nests, on concentrations of enemy troops, and during counter-attacks launched by the enemy that night. It was also a day of great aerial activity, during which German airplanes flew over the lines, turning their machine guns on the battery positions. In the afternoon two German planes came across and brought down two observation balloons near Chartreuve Ferme. 4See Summary of Intelligence, August 6 to 7, 1918, on page 250. The official accounts of events at this point differ slightly from the narrative quoted on page 106 from the manuscript diary of Colonel Leach. The discrepancies are easily explained by the difficulty in securing accurate information amid the confusion of battle. 106 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On the way back to their own lines they passed low over the positions of Batteries A and B on the hillside near Les Pres Ferme, turning loose a brisk machine-gun fire. The following passages from the colonel's diary present a vivid picture of conditions during the three days of fighting from August 5 to 7: Monday, August 5. Went out in front this A.M. to look for a front line O. P. and had a very thrilling time. The Boche saw our party and opened up with shrapnel. The Infantry lying in the woods waiting to advance were heavily shelled. Returned to Chateau Chery at 2 P.M. very tired. The 16th Artillery reported to me tonight for instructions and to reinforce us. It is cold and raining, and with a bad cold and cooties I am very miserable tonight. Tuesday, August 6. The Artillery began the preparation for the attack to cross the Vesle at noon and kept it up until 4:30, when we started a rolling barrage behind which the Infantry crossed the river and gained their objective. General Booth sent me a message full of praise of the Artillery work. The right and left were unable to cross the river. At midnight we stopped a strong counter attack. Wednesday, August 7. Holding our front all morning waiting for the right and left sectors to come up, as our flanks are exposed. At night we are in the same place as our flanks could not advance. Fired all night, harrassing with several barrages. The 58th Infantry, which we are supporting, has lost about 700 in the last two days. Am getting so tired I can't sleep when I get the chance. The next three days saw no material alteration in the position of the first lines, but they brought no rest to the men at the guns. Day and night came calls for barrage and harrassing or concentration fire. The narrative is resumed from the diary of the regimental commander: Thursday, August 8. Our right and left have not been able to advance and our Infantry have had to retire several hundred meters, so the situation remains the same. The flies are getting steadily worse and it is almost impossible to eat; even at night you have to cover your head to get away from them. Our horses are about exhausted. My P. C. was shelled all morning. Friday, August 9. The Boches are making a strong resistance north of the Vesle and we have not progressed today. The brigades on the right and left attacked but were repulsed with heavy losses. ON TO THE VESLE 107 More or less shell fire on my P. C. today - enough to keep us awake. There is much dysentery on account of the flies which are getting steadily worse. Saturday, August 10. No change in the situation today except increased enemy fire. Still fighting for the hills across the Vesle. At 4:30 we got thirty gas shells at my P.C. which put us to a great discomfort for a couple of hours. Two balloons shot down near my P.C. this afternoon. For the artillery observers on the hill north of Les Pres Ferme and in the regimental observation post one kilometer south of the river, near St. Thibaut, these days were of particular interest, for in many cases they had an opportunity to observe directly the results of the regiment's fire. On one occasion Major John H. McDonald from his battalion observation post saw the Germans massing for an attack just outside his sector. He sent a message over the wire and in a few moments had the satisfaction of seeing shells from his own guns decimating and routing the enemy concentration. Captain Alfred H. Pautot, in command of the 1st Battalion, when he saw the enemy gathering in one of their quarry strongholds, dispersed the mass meeting by means of a combination of shrapnel and high explosive. From the regimental outpost Lieutenant John A. McManus of the Headquarters Company saw a concentration of Germans in a quarry hole. He waited until about two hundred were in the group and then the guns opened up. A few of the Germans survived the first fire and made for another quarry farther back where there were caves. But the range of the guns was increased and most of them never reached that earthly haven. Chartreuve Ferme, the regimental post of command, was under fire for many hours on the sixth and again on the eighth, first from high explosive and then from gas shells. The fact that the large park which was a part of the chateau property was occupied by infantrymen had evidently been noted by German aviators. Several men were wounded, and that more were not casualties here, as well as in battery and echelon positions, was due to the large percentage of " duds" fired by the Germans. On one occasion 75 of 105 incoming shells failed to explode. It was estimated that more than twenty-five per cent of all shells fired by 108 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the Germans on this front at this period were duds. At times during the intense shelling of Chartreuve Ferme, officers who ha4 their post of command in the main farm building went to the basement for safety. In this basement was the telephone central of the 151st and here the operators slept. One midnight, during a period of severe shelling, Private Joseph A. Coleman wrote his name on the regimental list of immortals. Relieved from duty, he was about to creep into his bunk when he noticed that it was occupied. "Get the hell out of my bunk," he demanded. No sound. A more profane demand was emphasized with a kick. Thereupon a certain general rose from the bunk and turned it over to its rightful owner. During the fighting on the Vesle the Supply and Headquarters companies of the 151st had been stationed near Dole, about one kilometer south of Chartreuve Ferme. As time went by, rations from the south came up with greater regularity and, despite the shelling of the roads, the men at the batteries were fed regularly. The meals were not delicate, but they were better than they had been on the Ourcq. At ten o'clock on the night of August 10, orders arrived for the 67th Brigade to withdraw from the line and rejoin the 42nd Division.5 The news was received with joy, for the daily strain of the fighting, following directly the experience in the Champagne, had begun to tell on the men. Horses, too, were in bad condition for they had been living on irregular and short rations. By midnight the 151st was on the road going south. As the 2nd Battalion left its gun positions, German airplanes released illuminating bombs which lighted the entire district. Horses and men on the road were as visible as they would have been in daylight. Battery commanders gave orders for double time and the German artillery fire which followed the bombs failed to injure a single member of the regiment. Six horses of Battery E were caught 5The operation for the reduction of the Marne salient really terminated on August 6. The fighting along the Vesle continued, however; by the night of August 12, when the 4th Division, to which the 67th Brigade had been attached, was relieved, it had definitely established its line north of that river. Pershing, Final Report, 36; Thomas, History of the A. E. F., 182. ON TO THE VESLE 109 in the fire and gun positions just evacuated by the battalion were shell-swept. The good luck of the 151st had continued. In the battles of the Ourcq and the Vesle only four men had been killed and seven officers and forty-one men wounded. In addition to Corporal Collins and Sergeant Howalt, already mentioned, the regiment had lost Private Grant W. Lorenz, bugler, who was mortally wounded on August 4, and Private Harry Rosenfield of the Headquarters Company, who was killed on August 9. Of the wounded or gassed, the severest cases were those of Corporal Ruby M. Dinon and Private Charles C. Florida. Thirty-two horses had been killed. The regiment had fired 54,709 rounds of ammunition, worth approximately $800,000. For various brave deeds and efficient services, fifteen of the men were cited in regimental orders. On the return march, in the vicinity of Fere-en-Tardenois, some of the members of the regiment visited the grave of Quentin Roosevelt, which had been located during the recent drive by an advance party of American infantry. He had been buried by the Germans with all possible military honors; there were flowers on the grave, and it was fenced about and marked with a wooden cross bearing Roosevelt's name. Elsewhere in the same region, members of the regiment came upon some of the concrete foundations which had recently supported the German " Big Berthas. " It was in the Aisne-Marne battles described above that the Rainbow Division had first shown its mettle in offensive operations. The achievements of the division and of the units of which it was composed called forth expressions of praise and congratulation from various quarters. Major General Hunter Liggett in the following letter to Major General Menoher, dated July 28, 1918, had welcomed the return of the division to the 1st Army Corps, from which it had been detached during the Champagne defensive: 1. The return of the 42nd Division to the 1st Army Corps was a matter of self-congratulation for the Corps Commander, not only because of previous relations with the Division, but also because of the crisis which existed at the time of its arrival. 110 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 2. The standard of efficient performance of duty which is demanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Am. E. F., is a high one, involving as it does on an occasion such as the present complete self-sacrifice on the part of the entire personnel, and a willingness to accept cheerfully every demand even to the limit of endurance of the individual for the sake of the Cause for which we are in France. 3. The taking over of the front of the 1st Army Corps under the conditions of relief and advance, together with the attendant difficulties incident to widening the front was in itself no small undertaking, and there is added to this your advance in the face of the enemy to a depth of five or more kilometers, all under cover of darkness, to the objective laid down by higher authority to be attained, which objective you are holding, regardless of the efforts of the enemy to dislodge you. The Corps Commander is pleased to inform you that the 42nd Division has fully measured up to the high standard above referred to, and he reiterates his self-congratulation that you and your organization are again a part of the 1st Army Corps, Am. E. F.6 General Pershing in the following order paid a remarkable tribute to the men of the division who had helped to turn the tide against the Germans in the recent fighting: It fills me with pride to record in General Orders a tribute to the service and achievements of the First and Third Corps, comprising the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 26th, 32nd, and 42nd Divisions of the American Expeditionary Forces. You came to the battlefield at the crucial hour of the allied cause. For almost four years the most formidable army the world had as yet seen had pressed its invasion of France, and stood threatening its capital. At no time had that army been more powerful or menacing than when, on July 15th, it struck again to destroy in one great battle the brave men opposed to it, and to enforce its brutal will upon the world and civilization. Three days later, in conjunction with our Allies, you counterattacked. The Allied Armies gained a brilliant victory which marks the turning point of the war. You did more than give our brave Allies the support to which as a nation our faith was pledged. You proved that our altruism, our pacific spirit, our sense of justice have not blunted our virility or our courage. You have shown that American initiative and energy are as fit for the test of war as for the pursuits of peace. You have justly won the unstinted praise of our Allies and the eternal gratitude of our countrymen. 6Transmitted in Memorandum 246, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 31, 1918. ON TO THE VESLE 111 We have paid for our success in the lives of many of our brave comrades. We shall cherish their memory always, and claim for our history and literature their bravery, achievement and sacrifice.7 Perhaps the following communication from the officer commanding the 165th Infantry, the old New York "fighting Irish" 69th, whose advance the 151st Field Artillery had supported in the recent fighting, pays the highest tribute of all to the men and officers of the Minnesota organization. It also reveals the relations of confidence existing between the two arms of the service. General Gatley, Commanding 67th F. A. Brigade. Dear General: On behalf of my regiment, I want to express the most enthusiastic appreciation of our artillery support during the recent fighting on the O'URCQ. It was quick and sympathetic and you have no doubt had the satisfaction of noticing how perfectly accurate it was on our front between the Bois COLAS and MEURCY FARM. Colonel Leach, with his regiment, was our particular support and has won our most hearty congratulations and has given us this added pride in our artillery. His liaison officers with my regiment, Lt. Weaver particularly, at my P.C. and Lt. McCoy with my advance battalion were of the utmost and intelligent service. Very sincerely yours, FRANK R. McCoY, Colonel U.S.A., 165th Inf. Commanding.8 Even the enemy paid grudging tribute to the prowess of the Americans, and documents found on prisoners and in abandoned German billets during the advance from the Ourcq to the Vesle revealed that the rank and file of the German army were coming to see the handwriting on the wall. Unmailed letters home indicated that the soldiers were beginning to realize that Germany could not win the war and that the advance of the allies was the beginning of the end. These letters, as well as the statements of prisoners, are interesting as showing the morale of the German 7General Orders, No. 143, General Headquarters, A. E. F., August 28, 1918. 8Letter in possession of Colonel Leach. 112 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY army three months before the surrender. One prisoner said that at first the Germans were angry with the Americans for joining the allies, that then they ridiculed the American army, but that when they learned that Americans were in the field in large numbers they were not so certain of victory. In the Bois de la Tournelle was found a letter written by a German lieutenant by the name of Winter, who was killed shortly after it was written. Following are extracts: The French and the Americans, having attacked and advanced more to the north, we have been obliged to abandon the position and we went several kilometers towards the north. The battle continually sways back and forth. Sometimes we hold the village and then the enemy. With the exception of a few points of minor importance we hold the position occupied yesterday. What do they say in Germany about the outlook of the fourth offensive? In spite of all I still hope that our high command will not let himself be influenced in his own intentions by this affair, especially since he is using in this battle nothing but tired divisions. Summing it all up I think we have underestimated FOCH and his reserves, and especially the Americans. I have a presentiment that I shall lose my skin also. I wish it were tomorrow.9 The intelligence section of the Sixth French Army issued a report, based upon the interrogation of German prisoners, which throws some interesting sidelights upon the impression made upon the enemy by the Americans. Following is an extract from this report: The German prisoners are much of a mind that the American troops show bravery in action. They go at it as a sport, one Saxon prisoner of the 364 Rgt. declared on August 2nd. A general observation is made that the Americans sacrifice their troops needlessly by close formation, by needless headlong rushes at machinegun nests, and by insufficient attention of soldiers to their shelter from German fire. This they note especially relative to the machine gunners. One prisoner declared, "I am sure that my company without casualties on one occasion mowed down three American companies. " Another prisoner, however, complained that his company was blocked for some hours by an American machine gFrom "Translation of a German Document," accompanying Summary of Intelligence, August 3 to 4, Second Section, G.S., 1st Army Corps, August 5; 1918. ON TO THE VESLE 113 gun nest which they were unable to locate. (An officer commanding a company, 401 Rgt. at Hill 184), July 24. An officer of the 354 Rgt. refused to talk August 1 other than to abuse the Americans as " inhuman, " to the French interrogator. A stool-pigeon chatted with him during the night about the Americans. The officer declared: 1. That the American advanced in close formation. 2. They attack slowly without paying attention to bullets instead of going forward by jumps and seeking occasional c'over. He praised them for precautions taken at night to cover their lights. He declared that they are courageous fighters and was impressed at the number of their autos and their substantial equipment.10 The actions in the Champagne and in the Marne salient through which the 151st Field Artillery had just passed marked the turning point of the war. The significance of the events which had taken place since July 15 is revealed in a statement made by former German Chancellor Georg F. von Hertling shortly before his death. "At the beginning of July, 1918," he said, "I was convinced, I confess it, that before the first of September our adversaries would send us peace proposals.... We expected grave events in Paris for the end of July. That was on the 15th. On the 18th even the most optimistic among us understood that all was lost. The history of the world was played out in three days. " The character and result of the fighting incidental to the fifth great enemy effort in the spring of 1918 are most briefly and forcefully expressed in the words of Frederick Palmer, " We did not dash the cup of victory from his lips —we smashed it into splinters in his face. "12 A short time after the 67th Brigade and the 117th Ammunition Train had rejoined the 42nd Division, the entire organization moved to an area in eastern France, back of the Toul front. Headquarters of the 151st Field Artillery were at Clefmont, about 10Quoted in letter of Chief of Staff, First Army, to Commanding General, 1st Army Corps, Headquarters First Army, August 7, 1918. 1Frothingham, Military History of the World War, 265. 12America in France, 333 (New York, 1918). 114 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY twenty-five kilometers east of Chaumont. The batteries all arrived in this area by noon of August 19, each one being billeted in a village near by. For a period of a little more than a week the men rested, cleaned their equipment, and looked after many other details requiring attention after a long and hard period of fighting. Oi August 28 the regiment received orders to go back into the line and on the same day the organization moved northward in the direction of Toul. Rumor had it that the Rainbow Division was about to take part in a new offensive. VII. THE REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT1 Rumor and speculation were rife as the 42nd Division marched northward from Clefmont on the night of August 28, and in the back of every man's mind was the same old question, " Aren't they ever going to give us a rest?" Had they but known how little rest was before them! The concentration of which this movement of the Rainbow Division was a part was taking place at night in order that the American plans might be concealed from the enemy. Four long night marches, with billets each day in small towns along the way, brought the 151st Field Artillery to Tilleux, a little village a short distance southeast of Neufchateau. Here the regiment remained for four days, from which it gained some pleasure and relaxation. Neufchateau had for months been a central supply station for the American troops and a center for certain recreational activities which extended also to Tilleux. On one occasion a group of entertainers performed in an open space near the little village church for the men of the regiment.2 Many of the regiment made pilgrimages to the birthplace of Joan of Arc, the little village of Domremy, not far from Tilleux. The march north was resumed on the night of September 4, and daylight found the regiment billeted at Autigny-la-Tour. O'n the next night the unit again pressed forward, and on the morning of the sixth it camped in the Foret de la Reine, near Toul. As it neared the front it came within sound of the guns in the vicinity of St. Mihiel. On September 7, at four-thirty in the afternoon, a memorable ceremony was held at a beautiful spot just outside 'The chief sources upon which this chapter is based are: Pershing, Final Report, 38-43; De Chambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 267-277; Simonds, History of the World War, vol. 5, ch. 8; Thomas, History of the A. E. F., ch. 11; Tompkins, Rainbow Division, ch. 7; Wolf, Rainbow Division, 38-44; Colonel Leach's diary; and official documents, a number of which are included in this volume. See pages 255 to 270. 20ne of this group was Mr. William Cressy, who had at various times resided in Minneapolis and who was pleased to find in his audience many friends from the Twin Cities. 115 116 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Bulligny, when General Pershing presented Colonel Leach and thirty other members of the Rainbow Division with the Distinguished Service Cross. He made a brief address and a battalion of the 165th Infantry passed in review before him. It was an impressive occasion, particularly in view of the fact that officers and men alike realized that they were on the eve of another great battle. By September 7 the regiment was within four kilometers of the front and the batteries were ready to go into position. The march just completed was an experience never to be forgotten. Much of the time it rained; moreover, though all movement was by night, no lights were permitted on the roads. The men pushed forward through mud that was almost impassable, along roads so congested with traffic that halts of several hours were sometimes necessary. Infantry and artillery of many units were marching to positions near the lines. Combat wagons and supply wagons were on the roads. Tanks lumbered along toward the front and thousands of automobile trucks moved forward with supplies. Ammunition, engineering supplies, rations - all these and many other articles necessary for the maintenance of an army during a drive - were carried on motor, horse, mule, and, in cases of emergency, even on man-drawn vehicles. During the early stages of the march, when there was a shortage of horses in the 151st Field Artillery, many of the officers turned over their mounts to the batteries so that guns, caissons, and wagons could be moved. This shortage was relieved at Tilleux, however. In the mud, cold, and dark, often wet to the skin and always hungry, the fighting troops pushed forward in the direction of St. Mihiel while the men in the service of supply, working under fearful conditions, hauled up the thousand and one things which constitute the foundation on which an army builds, lives, and fights. All these activities and movements were incidental to the concentration of the First American Army, now preparing to launch the St. Mihiel drive. The Rainbow Division was about to take part in an operation quite different from any in which it had yet shared. During its occupation of the quiet Baccarat sector in the spring, it had merely been serving its apprenticeship. In the / REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 117 Champagne, as a single American division in the Fourth French Army, it had played a minor defensive r6le. During the pursuit of the Germans from the Marne, it had been assigned to an American army corps, but this corps had belonged to a French army. Now the division was to participate in the first offensive of the newly organized American First Army. For months General Pershing had been looking forward to the time when an American army might be created. Although he had never lost sight of his object, one emergency after another had delayed the fulfillment of his hopes. But now, as a result of the failure of the fifth German offensive and the tremendous success of the allies in the Marne salient, the situation became more favorable. At last the allies were able to assume the offensive. General Pershing seized the opportunity to insist that he be permitted to forge a new offensive weapon which he believed might be a decisive factor, an American army. Marshal Foch gave the necessary assent and on August 10 announcement was made of the formation of the First American Army, under the personal command of General Pershing. Nominally this army took over a portion of the Vesle front, but actually orders directed that it be secretly concentrated in the St. Mihiel sector. At this point in the line a deep salient, which had originated when the Germans had endeavored to isolate and capture Verdun in 1914, extended almost thirty kilometers into the allied front. Probably the best description of the region is that given by General Pershing himself: The salient had been held by the Germans since September, 1914. It covered the most sensitive section of the enemy's position on the Western Front; namely the Mezieres-Sedan-Metz Railroad and the Briey Iron Basin; it threatened the entire region between Verdun and Nancy, and interrupted the main rail line from Paris to the east. Its primary strength lay in the natural defensive features of the terrain itself. The western face of the salient extended along the rugged, heavily wooded eastern heights of the Meuse; the southern face followed the heights of the Meuse for 8 kilometers to the east and then crossed the plain of the Woevre, including within the German lines the detached heights of Loupmont and Montsec which dominated the plain and afforded the enemy unusual facilities for observation. The enemy had 118 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY reinforced the positions by every artificial means during a period of four years.8 The fact that this salient had existed for four years was not owing to any indifference on the part of the allies with regard to its importance. The French had made more than one attempt to reduce it, but each time they had failed. It had played an extremely important, though passive, role during the attack upon Verdun in 1916, when the German guns in the pocket had dominated important railway communications and had made the forwarding of ammunition supplies and re-enforcements to Verdun extremely difficult. The position was also a continual threat to the rear of the allies in the vicinity of that city. The reduction of the salient would present three great advantages: first, it would free railway communications of the allies from the danger of interruption by the Germans; second, it would serve as a base of departure for an attack against the Metz-Sedan railroad system, vital to the German armies west of Verdun, and against the Briey iron basin, an important source of supply for German munitions factories; third, it would make the situation more favorable for a drive against the German front to the westward, in the Meuse-Argonne region, by removing the danger of attack to which the right flank of the allies in that region was subject. The strategy to be used was very similar to that which had been employed during the German retreat from the Marne in July. Simultaneous attacks were to be launched from the two sides of the salient which would compel the withdrawal or capture of the forces within. The First American Army was composed of four army corps, the 1st, 4th, and 5th American, and the 2nd French Colonial Corps. The 1st and 4th corps were placed on the south side of the salient, the former on the right and the latter on the left. The 5th Corps was stationed at the northern extremity of the west side of the salient. The French Colonial Corps held that sector of the front lying between the 4th and 5th American corps, including the apex of the salient. The main attack was to be delivered from the south side by the 1st and 4th corps. A second 3Final Report, 41. REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 119 ary attack by the 5th Corps was to be directed toward the southeast; it was planned that contact should be established as soon as possible with the left wing of the main attack from the south, thus pinching off the salient. Under the command of Major General Joseph T. Dickman, the 4th Corps, occupying a front approximately ten kilometers in width, was to deliver the main attack. It included the 89th, 42nd, and 1st divisions, in line from right to left, and the 3rd Division, in reserve. The field order which contained the plan of operations tersely stated the task ahead as follows: "The First Army will attack and reduce the St. Mihiel Salient." The second paragraph of the same order stated the mission of the Rainbow Division: " The 42nd Division will attack in the center and will deliver the main blow in the direction of the heights overlooking the Madine River, exerting its main effort east of Maizerais and Essey. "4 Upon its arrival at the front, the 42nd Division was directed to take over a portion of the line which was being held by the 89th.5 The relief was effected on the night of September 10 and at nine o'clock on the next morning General Menoher assumed command of the divisional sector. The front held by the division was about three kilometers in width and extended east and west. At the west of the sector, about one kilometer south of No Man's Land, was the ruined village of Seicheprey. The 84th Infantry Brigade, on the right of the divisional sector, and the 83rd, on the left, were each directly supported by an artillery group, the nucleus of which was a regiment of seventyfives. The 151st Artillery, to which were attached one battalion of the 18th Field Artillery and the 228th French Field Artillery, supported the 84th Brigade. These units were stationed. in what was called the right subsector and were commanded by Colonel Leach. A similar group under Colonel Henry J. Reilly of the 149th (lst Illinois) Field Artillery supported the 83rd Brigade.6 4See page 255. WField Orders, No. 19, Headquarters 42nd Division, September 10, 1918. 6See Field Orders, No. 17, September 9, 1918, on page 255. As a result of heavy shipments of infantry and machine-gun troops during the summer of 1918, the American army was at this time somewhat short of artillery, aviation, and special troops, and deficiencies in these arms were sometimes met by the French. 120 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY It was the mission of the divisional artillery to protect the advance of the infantry by combing fire and by the destruction of hostile strong points. At the beginning of the drive these artillery groups were to direct their fire upon the enemy's advanced positions and were to be under the command of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade. As soon as the first position had fallen and the infantry had begun the advance, command of the artillery groups was to pass to the infantry brigades which they supported. The artillery was to move forward by echelons,7 its employment being determined by local battle conditions. In accordance with the plan of detaching one battery from each artillery group to accompany the brigade in front and aid directly in the attack, Battery B of the 151st Field Artillery was designated to accompany the 84th Brigade, its mission being stated in the following words: The commander of the accompanying battery (Battery B, 151st Field Artillery) will, after the enemy's first line position has been taken, dispose his battery immediately in rear of the front line battalions, assigning two pieces to the support of each of these battalions. During the attack, these pieces will be boldly pushed forward closely in rear of the first line infantry battalions they support, and in no event more than 1500 yards behind the leading infantry elements. They will hear and see for themselves and open quickly (using direct fire) on all targets that present themselves - strong points, pill boxes, machine gun nests and living targets. To insure the greatest possible support from these guns, the platoon commanders of the gun sections assigned to infantry battalions will insure liaison with the battalion they support and will, upon request of the infantry battalion commander, fire upon such targets as the latter may indicate.8 The heavy artillery, under the command of Colonel Robert H. Tyndall of the 150th Field Artillery, was to support the entire divisional sector. The batteries of the 151st Field Artillery began moving into place on the evening of September 7, and on the following night the task was finished. The guns occupied new positions in an 7That is, while one battalion of each regiment remained in position, the other was to advance. Then the latter would go into position and cover the advance of the former in leapfrog fashion. 8General Orders, No. 17, Headquarters 84th Infantry Brigade, September 10, 1918. I4,rA&M,4 TLE SAI.1CWe ^ S3Prtviae /O'ro 30 "w i>. _ --- 8kunenarwio of O/v/sioo/S&cAo * **** /^'Or7e, cIose of, rs9 day * * *** fJro/nc Ae a" c/ose of secon<ddy, and o4'-rn9'y,ert-odt of 'ab///za,>ron. i **.. o I I I i REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 121 open field northeast of Mandres, a ruined village four kilometers south of the front lines, where regimental headquarters were established. The forward post of command was situated about three kilometers northeast of Mandres, in a dugout extending under the Paris-Metz highway - a road familiar to tourists in the days before the war -not far from the battery positions of the 151st and the additional artillery units attached to the group in support of the 84th Brigade. The attack had been planned in the greatest detail and every unit knew exactly what part it was to play in the advance. Stockades had been built to receive prisoners, one of them at Mandres. Hospitals had been designated as receiving stations for specific cases; gas casualties were to be taken to one hospital, shell-shock cases to another, surgical cases to still another. Salvage dumps had been established. The traffic rules to be observed during the attack had been issued and drilled into the officers and men who were to handle the situation on the roads. Zero hour for the infantry was 5 A.M., September 12. In all the battery positions along the St. Mihiel front the artillerymen waited anxiously for the word which should send them to the guns for the work preceding the infantry attack. The men knew as well as if they had been officially informed that the attack would come that morning. They had watched the infantry mass in second, third, and fourth lines, and they had seen the tanks prepare to move forward. Ammunition had been brought to the gun positions nightly through rain and mud. At one o'clock the dark and quiet St. Mihiel front changed in a few seconds into a flashing, roaring line of battle. With the German front position as the first object of attack, the light artillery rained steel and gas on trenches, dugouts, and barbed-wire entanglements. Larger guns searched for battery positions, echelons, ammunition dumps, and supply centers farther back. In the trenches about one kilometer in front of the brigade post of command and in front of the guns of the 151st, the Alabama and Iowa infantrymen who had been designated as assault troops waited for the word to start across. Back of them, on a line passing through Mandres, was the second wave of infantry, which had been 122 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY designated to follow the assaulting battalions, and still farther back were the third and fourth lines. For four hours, without cessation, the tremendous concentration of fire on the German positions continued, and then at five o'clock, just as day was breaking, the American infantrymen in the first line climbed out of their trenches and started forward. With them went the tanks, lumbering along through the fog of the early morning, crashing through barbed wire, straddling trenches, lurching and twisting but always waddling ahead, opening up gaps in the wire, sweeping nests with machine-gun and small-shell fire. At the same time the light artillery raised its fire and the line of falling steel swept slowly along toward the north, progressing at the predetermined rate of one hundred meters in four minutes. The Germans, apparently taken by surprise, had not attempted any systematic counter-offensive firing before the attack, but, as on preceding nights, they had shelled roads and woods to some extent.9 As it became lighter the fog under which the infantry had advanced disappeared and the sun came out on the scene of battle. The artillery was still pounding away but the range of the guns had been increased nearly to the maximum, for the infantrymen were still going forward. Taken by surprise and apparently amazed at the thoroughness of the attack, the Germans were falling back, fighting spasmodically as they went, but making no determined or effective resistance to the Americans. Before eight o'clock word came that the infantry had carried St. Baussant and Maizerais to the left of the sector and had reached Essey in the center. At six-fifteen Battery B of the 151st, in command of Captain Alfred H. Pautot, which had been designated to accompany the infantry in the advance, moved forward from its position in the rear of the Bois de la Hazelle, and before eight-thirty the guns of Batteries A and C, still hot from seven hours of continuous firing, were on the road. Captain Thomas T. Handy, command9On the night of September 11 the forward post of command had been a target for enemy fire and the region in the vicinity of the dugout had been vigorously shelled. At midnight a shell hit the dugout, killing three men and wounding four. Lieutenant Earl P. Elmore of the 151st, severely wounded, was among the casualties of the hours preceding the attack. REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 123 ing the 2nd Battalion, had been ordered to take over the entire regimental mission until the 1st Battalion guns were in position ahead. The battalions were to leapfrog over one another according to the plan, to keep up with the advance and still support the infantry by continuous fire. The sun had come out bright and observers were able to report over the wires the positions of German soldiers who were retreating north of Essey. Fire was directed on these and other targets which they reported. The heavy shelling continued until ten-thirty, when information was received that the enemy was in full retreat toward the Hindenburg line, north of Pannes; firing was then suspended and the 2nd Battalion of the 151st was ordered to advance at once and take up new positions. Reconnoitering groups had reported the roads toward the front so heavy with traffic that they were almost impassable, but the 1st Battalion, with an early start, made its way across No Man's Land, through grim scenes of battle, up to the village of Essey, just evacuated by the Germans. It went into position northeast of the town and immediately opened fire on the Germans, who were still retreating to the north. At noon Colonel Leach, Lieutenant Colonel McDonald, and the ever-present Captain Alfred Jacobson, an officer of the French army attached to the 42nd Division, started by automobile toward Essey, which had been designated the next regimental post of command; but the traffic in wounded soldiers, moving troops, prisoners, and ambulances was so great that they were forced to abandon their vehicle and wade through the mud to their destination. The post of command was established in a church -the only warm place to be found in the town! The Germans had fired the building on their departure and the regimental detail of the 151st, when it arrived in search of a post of command, was obliged to extinguish the flames before it could be occupied. On the night of the twelfth, Batteries D and E, in their attempt to relieve the batteries of the 1st Battalion, were caught in the traffic and mud of what had been No Man's Land and could move no farther until the next day; Battery F, with better fortune, spent the night on the road north of St. Baussant, where 124 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY its guns could reach the fleeing Germans. The 1st Battalion, fortunate in having been designated for the early start, was in position east of Pannes. At six in the morning the men of the 1st Battalion and those of Battery F, who had been sleeping in the rain and mud near their guns, were called upon for barrages. While these batteries were firing, D and E finally broke their way through the jam of traffic on the roads behind and occupied positions just north of Essey. With the 2nd Battalion now in position, the 1st again moved ahead and placed its guns in small groves of hardwood north and east of Pannes. Here Major Roland P. Shugg was ordered to take over the mission of defending the entire infantry brigade with his battalion, the defensive barrage, if called for, to be placed just two hundred yards in front of the infantry line running roughly through Chateau St. Benoit and Etang d'Afrique. Because of the activity of advance patrols of Americans, however, it was later ordered that no barrages should be fired. The entire operation of the First American Army had been attended by the most brilliant success; in fact it may almost be said to have been a great field maneuver. The various units had advanced with the precision of clockwork, according to the prearranged plan. At seven o'clock on the morning of September 13, patrols from the 1st Division, which had been pushing northward with the 4th Army Corps, encountered patrols from the 26th Division advancing from the northwest. This signified that the two phases of the attack had joined and that the St. Mihiel salient was no more.10 In just a little more than twenty-four hours it had been wiped out. About sixteen thousand prisoners, four hundred guns, and a great quantity of ammunition and supplies had been taken. The American army had suffered but seven thousand casualties, most of which were slight.1' '0The 42nd Division had reached its objective by ten o'clock on the morning of September 13. See section VI of the Report on Operations of the 42nd Division, September 11 to 15, 1918, on page 269. "The results of the operation surpassed all expectations. Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, commanding the 84th Infantry Brigade, confided to Colonel Leach before the battle that it was rumored at general headquarters that the operation would cost 75,000 casualties. Leach, War Diary, 121. REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 125 The 42nd Division itself had advanced nineteen kilometers and had taken more than a thousand prisoners. It had freed forty-two square kilometers of French territory, including seven villages. It had, according to an official report, captured "large dumps and stores of food, clothing, hospital supplies, munitions, engineering and railroad materiel, lumber, coal, iron and gasolene, and in addition, many enemy papers and documents of military value." 12 The spoils of battle included three hundred and fifty thousand rounds of small-arms ammunition, one hundred heavy, and one hundred light machine guns, twenty-two cannons, twenty thousand hand grenades, and one thousand rifles. The following diary entries describe briefly the operation of September 12 and 13 as seen by the commander of the 151st Field artillery: Thursday, September 12. At one A. M. we commenced our Artillery preparation and continued it until five A. M., when the Infantry went over. At noon started for Essey but the roads were blocked so badly, had to walk through the mud. The advance so far is a great success. The Germans are leaving much behind and we captured whole batteries complete. The civilian population is ordered out and the roads are full of old men and women and little children carrying what they can. The Boche have occupied these towns since the beginning of the war and they are wonderfully organized. About 10,000 prisoners to date. They say they could not stand our Artillery fire. Our losses in men are light but heavy in officers. Friday, September 13. Spent the day at Essay organizing the advance. You can see German towns burning in all directions. Since yesterday we have pushed in the St. Mihiel Salient and taken the towns of Maizerais, St. Baussant, Essey, Pannes, Beney, and St. Benoit and 14 kilometers of German trenches. The 89th Division supported us on the right and the 1st on the left. Fortune had indeed smiled upon the 42nd Division. Toward noon on the first day of the attack, as the infantrymen were chasing the Germans north of Pannes and as artillery units pushed along the roads to new positions, a huge rainbow spanning the front had been greeted by cheers from the entire division. It was an omen of success. 12See section IX of the Report on Operations of the 42nd Division, September 11 to 15, 1918, on page 270. 126 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY All along, in the wake of the Germans, were evidences of their hasty retreat-abandoned guns and ammunition dumps, equipment and supplies —as there had been in the drive north of Chateau-Thierry. In the present case little or no preparation had been made for retreat and in the little towns of Pannes, Essey, and Bouillonville were found immense stores of food and clothing. Near Pannes a German band, in the haste of retreat, had discarded a complete set of musical instruments which were confiscated by the band of the 151st. North of that town a complete battery of German 150's was taken and a regimental guard was placed over them in an endeavor to establish a military lien that might permit their shipment to Minnesota at some later date. Immense quantities of flour, canned meats, powdered soup, dried currants, and soap had been left behind in wooden buildings built by the Germans for storage purposes. There were also overcoats, blouses, trousers, boots, caps, and, for a time, German wine. In Essey some of the flour left by the Germans bore the label of the Belgian Relief Commission. Here, too, were found a number of German mantraps, immense iron contrivances used in No Man's Land for snaring human prey. In a dugout near Essey was found a complete set of operating instruments, as well as a goniometer aiming circle and other apparatus used in artillery fire. This equipment went to swell the assets of the 151st Field Artillery. Bodies of German soldiers along the way marked the spots where occasional stands had been made in an effort to cover the retreat. Near Pannes, for example, where four German nineties had been demolished by American shell fire, the bodies of the crews were strewn around the pieces. The American artillery, in this case at least, had located exactly and made direct hits on an entire battery. Traffic congestion had made the arrival of rations irregular and, despite the official order not to eat German food until it had been tested for poison, caution was thrown to the winds and many were the American soldiers who satisfied themselves on rations which had been intended for the Kaiser's soldiers. The towns in the region had been occupied by some civilians during the entire period of the German stay, more than three years, though most PRISONERS PASSING THROUGH ANSAUVILLE ENROUTE TO THE STOCKADE AT MENIL-LA-TOUR, SEPTEMBER 15, 191 ' [The men in the foreground are members of the 42nd Division, which had its headquarters in Ansauville at this time.] J I REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 127 of them had been sent to the rear in trucks immediately after the American occupation, when the German guns began to shell the towns. The Americans were hailed as deliverers and soon they were occupying rooms and billets just vacated by German officers and soldiers; feather beds and full-length mirrors were among the luxuries awaiting them in many of the houses. Concrete, bombproof gymnasiums and reading rooms in the various towns gave evidence of the thoroughness of the German occupation. Stone monuments marked many graves of German soldiers in French cemeteries. More than a thousand German prisoners had been taken by the division on the first day of the advance and sent back to stockades which had been built near Mandres and in places further south. A majority of the prisoners were fairly well dressed and apparently well enough fed, but most of them, when convinced that they were not to be executed, expressed joy at being captured. They declared that they had expected an American attack, but not so soon. Some of them stated very frankly that they had given up hope of Germany's winning the war. All of them asserted that the Germans would make a stand at the Hindenburg line; there was a difference of opinion as to whether the line could be held. Some of the officers declared that the position would be held for a time at least, but most of the privates admitted that the German morale was breaking and that a vigorous attack would result in a retirement from the Hindenburg line to Metz. At Essey a number of the prisoners taken were so drunk that they were bewildered and showed little interest in what was going forward; it was explained that they were having a jollification when the Americans attacked. Once in the stockades, the German prisoners began bartering such souvenirs as had hitherto escaped their captors. Iron crosses of the first class were exchanged for cakes of chocolate, and other transactions of this character took place. The attitude of the Americans toward their prisoners is revealed by this policy of giving the Germans something in exchange for their personal trinkets. By afternoon of September 13 all objectives had been reached and the First American Army found itself before the Hindenburg 128 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY line. This was a strongly organized position extending across the base of the former salient from Les Eparges to Pont-a-Mousson. It had been constructed to serve as a line of resistance in case the salient should be taken and really constituted the outer defense of the great fortress of Metz. It consisted, not of continuous trenches, but rather of two parallel systems of wire behind which were distributed dugouts and. strong points in whose erection the best advantage had always been taken of the contour of the terrain. The construction of this position, which embodied the most approved ideas of defense in depth, had been started four years previously. The capture of the St. Mihiel salient by the First American Army threatened the fortress of Metz, but Marshal Foch did not choose to strike at Metz at this time. The region between the Meuse River and the Argonne Forest was to be the scene of the next great offensive of the American and French armies, and the date set for the opening of the campaign was but two weeks later than that of the beginning of the St. Mihiel drive. Accordingly, as soon as the objectives had been reached, as many of the divisions and auxiliary troops as could be spared were set in motion toward the west. The remainder of the First American Army, including the 42nd Division, was ordered to consolidate its position in front of the Hindenburg line. From September 14 to October 1 the 151st Field Artillery was in position northeast of Pannes, about three kilometers south of the Hindenburg line. Every day there was heavy shelling by German artillery and at nearly all hours the American batteries were firing at targets behind the German lines; at night the infantry frequently called for barrages. During the period from September 17 to 23 the regiment was assigned to the support of the 89th Division on the right, but the battery positions were not changed. When the 151st returned to the Rainbow Division its guns were moved a kilometer westward. Gun emplacements were constructed and trenches dug for the protection of the gunners. Much attention was given to camouflage, as the open character of the country made concealment difficult, but German aviators were not particularly active; con REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 129 tinued bad weather prevented effective observation and the accurate location of American batteries. Occasionally, however, German shell fire took its toll. On September 18, when the enemy gassed Battery E, four casualties resulted and two days later another man was wounded during the shelling of this same position. Twenty-four men of the regiment were evacuated to the hospital between September 18 and 24, suffering from shell wounds or gas, including Sergeants Charles E. Kauth and Edward Viau, Corporals Maurice Masterson and Otto S. Martin, and Privates Oliver Dunstan and Oscar Erickson, all severely wounded or gassed. Private Samuel E. Languell was severely wounded about September 27. For going to the assistance of wounded men under heavy artillery fire and returning to search for others, on September 21, Mess Sergeant Charles H. Getchell of Battery F and Private Carl O. Wenell of the Medical Department were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. As in the fighting north of Chateau-Thierry, at least twentyfive per cent of the German shells were duds. On several occasions the regimental post of command, located first at Beney and later at Pannes, was under fire. On the morning of September 22 a successful raid was made upon the German positions, which was supported by the 151st Field Artillery. The bombardment began at four-thirty, and three-quarters of an hour later the infantry went over. Fifteen prisoners were captured. The Meuse-Argonne offensive was scheduled to begin on September 26. In the meanwhile, it was extremely important that the enemy be kept in ignorance of the point where the blow was to fall. The purpose of the six-hour artillery bombardment east of Verdun in which the 151st participated on the night of September 25 was to throw the enemy off his guard at the real point of attack. Aside from the fact that the Germans were very active in shelling observation posts, these were interesting days for the regiment's observers, for the targets were easy to find. The tower of the chateau at St. Benoit, which had been used as corps headquarters by the Germans, commanded a fine view of the Hindenburg line and part of the regiment's fire was directed from there. 130 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY This point of vantage became very unhealthful, however, after the visit of two men dressed in French uniforms, who claimed to be French observers and who leveled their glasses at the German lines. The next day a divisional order called for the arrest of two German spies wearing French uniforms. The same day the chateau and other observation places were heavily shelled. For a time a haystack near Hassavant Ferme served as an observation post for the regiment and a dugout near the little town of Xammes was used until the Germans shelled and destroyed it. It was from this latter place that Major Shugg, using the first gun of Battery A for sniping, retaliated for some of the hostility of the Germans by blowing a few of their own observers from the tower of the church in Dampvitoux. At the left of the sector the village of Hattonchatel, at the top of a steep hill, afforded an excellent outlook. Divisional observers had occupied it and the 151st finally established an observation post here also, which was undisturbed. Raids conducted every night by the American infantrymen on German outposts resulted in the capture of many prisoners. On one of these occasions an unmailed letter written by a German revealed that some of the enemy soldiers in this sector feared for their scalps. "Americans are in front of us," the letter read. "To the right of us Indians of the Sioux tribe were identified in the last attack. After this war Karl May can write another book about his experiences with his dear Indians. We are expecting the Americans here every day." On September 24, German aviators flying over the American lines injected a touch of humor into the situation by dropping circulars printed in English which appealed to the Americans to lay down their arms, cross No Man's Land, and surrender to the Germans. These communications, highly characteristic of the enemy's ability to analyze situations and take advantage of psychological opportunities, have been treasured by the men who picked them up. They are headed "How to Stop the War" and were evidently written either by an American or by some one who had lived long enough in the United States to become thoroughly familiar with some of the best-known American slang expressions. They read: REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 131 Do your part to put an end to the war. Put an end to your part of it. Stop fighting. That's the simplest way. You can do it, you soldiers. Just stop fighting and the war will end of its own accord. You are not fighting for anything, anyway. What does it matter to you who owns Metz or Strassburg. You never saw those towns nor knew the people in them, so what do you care about them? But there is a town back home in the old United States you would like to see and if you keep on fighting here in the hope of getting a look at those old German fortresses you may never see home again. The only way to stop the war is to stop fighting. That's easy. Just quit it and slip across No Man's Land and join the bunch that's taking it easy there waiting to be exchanged and taken home. There is no disgrace in that. The bunch of American prisoners will be welcomed just as warmly as you who stick it out in these infernal trenches. Get wise and get over the top. There is nothing in the glory of keeping up the war. But think of the increasing taxes you will have to pay. The longer the war lasts the larger those taxes at home will be. Get wise and get over. All the fine words about glory are tommy rot. You haven't got any business fighting in France. You would better be fighting the money trust at home instead of fighting your fellow soldiers in grey over here where it doesn't really matter two sticks to you how the war goes. Your country needs you, your family needs you and you need your life for something better than being gassed, shot at, deafened by cannon shots and rendered unfit physically by the miserable life you must live here. The tales they tell you of the cruelties of German prison camps are fairy tales. Of course you may not like being a prisoner of war, but anything is better than this infernal place with no hope of escape except by being wounded after which you will be sent back for another hole in your body. Wake up and stop the war. You can if you want to. Your government does not mean to stop the war for years to come and the years are going to be long and dreary. You better come over while the going is good. The brilliant success of the St. Mihiel operation put new courage into the hearts of the allies, for the American Army had at last won its spurs. The following extract from General Pershing's Final Report states clearly the significance of the operation, regarded from this viewpoint: The material results of the victory achieved were very important. An American Army was an accomplished fact, and the enemy had felt its power. No form of propaganda could overcome 132 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the depressing effect on the morale of the enemy of this demonstration of our ability to organize a large American force and drive it successfully through his defenses. It gave our troops implicit confidence in their superiority and raised their morale to the highest pitch. For the first time wire entanglements ceased to be regarded as impassable barriers and open-warfare training, which had been so urgently insisted upon, proved to be the correct doctrine. Our divisions concluded the attack with such small losses and in such high spirits that without the usual rest they were immediately available for employment in heavy fighting in a new theater of operations. The strength of the First Army in this battle totaled approximately 500,000 men, of whom about 70,000 were French.l3 It is also of interest to note what the situation had been on the German side of the lines at the time when the offensive was launched. The following is a quotation from an American intelligence report: Captured officers of 77th Reserve Division and of the 10th Division, state that the American attack was expected for the 15th. With a view to meeting this attack, artillery from the 28th Division in Conflans and detached heavy artillery batteries were sent forward to support the 77th Reserve Division and the 10th Division in line. Only a diversion was anticipated by the Germans in the direction of Combres. At midnight, September 11-12th the artillery of these divisions was ordered to withdraw to positions slightly to the rear, the withdrawal to be completed by 4 o'clock. At the same time machine gun nests were to be mounted, and the companies in line to be further echelonned in depth. At 2 o'clock (German time) the American artillery preparation began. The confusion which resulted was complete. As the P.C.'s of the divisions, of the regiments, and of the companies, were being moved, communication between them and the lines was cut off. Had it not been for this miscalculation as to the time the officers were of the opinion that the American advance might have been broken.14 Congratulations showered upon the First American Army and its various units from all quarters. On September 13, when the drive had scarcely ended, Major General Dickman, commanding the 4th Army Corps, issued the following general order: 1. The Fourth Corps has defeated the enemy and driven him back on the whole Corps front. All objectives were reached '3Page 43. 14Summary of Intelligence No. 124, Headquarters 42nd Division, Second Section, G. S., noon September 15 to noon September 16. REDUCTION OF THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT 133 before the time prescribed in orders, a large number of prisoners and a considerable amount of booty captured. The rapid advance of the Corps, in conjunction with the action of the other elements of the First Army, rendered the ST. MIHIEL salient untenable to the enemy, who has retreated. 2. The greatest obstacle to the advance was thought to be the enemy wire which presented a problem that caused anxiety to all concerned. The Corps Commander desires to express in particular his admiration of the skill shown by the small groups in the advance battalions and their commanders in crossing the hostile wire and in general to express his appreciation of the high spirit and daring shown by the troops, and the rapidity and efficiency with which the operation was conducted. On September 17, General Pershing sent the following telegram to General Dickman: Please accept my sincere congratulations on the successful and important part taken by the officers and men of the IV Corps in the first offensive of the First American Army on September 12 and 13, 1918. The courageous dash and vigor of our troops has thrilled our countrymen and evoked the enthusiasm of our Allies. Please convey to your command my heartfelt appreciation of their splendid work. I am proud of you all. Marshall Foch wired General Pershing this cordial message: My dear General; The First American Army under your command on the first day has won a magnificent victory by a maneuver as skilfully prepared as it was valiantly acted. I extend to you as well as to the officers and to the troops under your command my warmest compliments. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig extended his congratulations to General Pershing in these words: All ranks of the British Armies in France welcome with unbounded admiration and pleasure the victory which has attended the initial offensive of the great American Army which is under your personal command. I beg you to accept and to convey to all ranks my best congratulations and those of all ranks of the British Armies under my command. And finally the following message was received by the general from President Wilson: Accept my warmest congratulations on the brilliant achievements of the army under your command. The boys have done what we expected of them and done it in the way we most admire. We are deeply proud of them and their Chief. Please convey to all concerned my grateful and affectionate thanks. VIII. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE1 The 151st Field Artillery had played a distinguished part in the reduction of the St. Mihiel salient. It was destined soon to participate in an offensive of far greater magnitude, which should break the enemy's power of resistance and force him to sue for peace. General Foch was convinced that at last his hour had come. Since the initiative on the western front had passed to the allies, on July 18, unceasing pressure had been maintained. Preliminary operations were carried out on various parts of the front, the purpose of which was to eliminate dangerous salients, thus freeing the lateral railway communications behind the allied lines, and to push the allied outposts forward until they were in contact with the main German defensive system in the west, in anticipation of the final stroke. The reduction of the St. Mihiel salient had freed the railway communications from Paris to the eastern front and had made practicable an offensive operation west of Verdun. Furthermore, it had proved the striking power of the American army and had convinced the higher command of its fitness to undertake the most difficult operations. The enemy line at this time was in the form of an enormous salient extending down into northern France, with one hinge resting on the North Sea and the other on Verdun. The apex was that portion of the line formed by the base of the old Marne salient northeast of Paris. Foch's strategy was simplicity itself. He planned to drive in this salient by a great combined offensive, the chief pressure to be exerted on the south face of the angle by the armies of Pershing and Gouraud and on the western face 1This chapter is based on Pershing, Final Report, 43-53; John Buchan, History of the World War, 4: 334-336, 363 (New York, 1922); Simonds, History of the World War, vol. 5, ch. 10; De Chambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 277-304; Wolf, Rainbow Division, 44-52; Thomas, History of the A. E. F., ch. 12, 14, 15; the published and manuscript forms of Colonel Leach's diary; and official documents, the most significant of which are to be found on pages 271 to 312 of this volume. 134 THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 135 by the British under Marshal Haig. It was to be a repetition of the operations against the Marne and St. Mihiel salients, but on a far vaster scale. On September 2 Marshal Foch, General Pershing, and General Petain decided that the American army should attack on that portion of the front extending eastward from the Argonne Forest to the Meuse just north of Verdun. The French Fourth Army, under General Gouraud, was to attack west of the Argonne. General Pershing's report states clearly the purpose of the projected drive: The strategical importance of this portion of the line was second to none on the western front. All supplies and evacuations of the German armies in northern France were dependent upon two great railway systems- one in the north, passing through Liege, while the other in the south, with lines coming from Luxemburg, Thionville, and Metz, had as its vital section the line CarignanSedan-Mezieres. No other important lines were available to the enemy, as the mountainous masses of the Ardennes made the construction of east and west lines through that region impracticable. The Carignan-Sedan-Mezieres line was essential to the Germans for the rapid strategical movement of troops. Should this southern system be cut by the Allies before the enemy could withdraw his forces through the narrow neck between Mezieres and the Dutch frontier, the ruin of his armies in France and Belgium would be complete.2 But if the fruits of victory were tremendous, the difficulties of an advance were correspondingly great, owing to the nature of the country and the strength of the German defenses. The sector on which the attack was to be made was somewhat more than thirty kilometers, or about twenty miles, in width; the perpendicular distance from the front line to the railway which was the objective was about fifty kilometers. The country was rolling and cut by deep ravines, and in some parts it was heavily wooded. Good roads were few. Moreover, the enemy's right in this sector was protected by the Argonne Forest and his left by the heights east of the Meuse. Midway, the heights of Montfaucon constituted a strong defensive position. A frontal attack by the American army would be subject to cross fire from the enemy guns on either flank. The natural strength of the position had been supplemented 2Pershing, Final Report, 44. 136 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY by the enemy, who, fully aware of the vital importance of this sector of the front, had fortified it by every means in his power. Inasmuch as the Meuse-Argonne front had been practically stable since September, 1914, many of the defenses were of a permanent character.3 The enemy's great bulwark of defense in northern France was known as the Hindenburg line, various portions of which were differently designated. That part lying in the Meuse-Argonne area, which it was General Pershing's task to break, was called the Kriemhilde Stellung, and the works constituting this defensive zone were twenty kilometers or more in depth. It is true that here the distance between No Man's Land and the enemy's last withdrawal position was less than on some other portions of the front, but this fact only serves to emphasize the solidarity of the position. The defenses were practically continuous throughout their depth, since the various lines of resistance converged to protect the railroad communications running from Metz northwestward through Sedan and Mezieres. The American army, therefore, confronted a position whose strength consisted in a difficult terrain, a strongly organized defensive system, and a determination on the part of the enemy to resist at all costs. The task before General Pershing was as difficult as that confronting any allied commander at the time. The date set for the attack of the First American Army was September 26; the British under Haig were to attack the western face of the great salient on the twenty-seventh and twenty-eighth. The battle which opened on September 26 continued practically without interruption until the armistice. For the sake of convenience, however, it may be divided into three phases, the first of which lasted until October 3. The eve of the attack saw nine divisions deployed on the line with six more in reserve. The infantry advance began at five-thirty on the morning of the twentysixth, following three hours of violent artillery fire.4 During the 3One purpose of the great German drive against Verdun in 1916 had been to improve this naturally strong Mleuse-Argonne position. 40n the night of September 25, it will be recalled, the 151st Field Artillery participated in a bombardment on the new front northeast of St. Mihiel which was intended to divert and confuse the enemy. See above, page 129. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 137 first two days of the battle the Americans pushed forward rapidly, but as the fighting continued the enemy hurried up his reserves and the resistance stiffened. The difficulty was increased by the terrible condition of the roads. By the evening of September 28 a maximum advance of eleven kilometers had been achieved; from then on, though the attack was continued without interruption, progress was much slower. The troops were worn out and the divisions which had borne the brunt of the fighting had to be replaced by fresh ones before another advance could be made.5 It was evident that success in the Meuse-Argonne attack would require the services of every available man. The St. Mihiel front having been so far stabilized as to permit the withdrawal of certain troops, the 42nd Division, on the night of September 30, was relieved by the 89th, which extended its lines to the left for that purpose. About midnight the 151st Field Artillery was relieved by certain batteries of the 341st, and the guns were withdrawn to the echelons near Pannes. At dusk on October 1 the regiment took up its march westward toward the Meuse, on its way to participate in the last American offensive of the war. As in the days of the St. Mihiel drive, the weather was cold and rainy, and the roads were muddy and difficult. On the other hand, there was no such traffic congestion as there had been on the roads to the south at the time of the St. Mihiel drive. Movements were still made only by night, and daybreak of October 2 found the regiment bivouacked at Troyon-sur-Meuse, sixteen kilometers south of Verdun. In the early morning light the rear of the column had crossed the old trenches southeast of Verdun, where Germans and French had faced each other for four years in lines which had been stationary and had only been cleared of the enemy during the recent drive. On the night of October 2 the 151st Field Artillery crossed the historic Meuse at a point twenty-two kilometers south of Verdun and after a further march of several kilometers was billeted 5The map of the Argonne operation accompanying Pershing's Final Report shows graphically the rapid progress which was made at the beginning of the battle and the slowing up which followed. 138 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY in the woods west of Recourt, where, on October 3, it enjoyed the first peaceful day it had had for weeks. Here, at a considerable distance from scenes of fighting, there was not even any aerial activity - in fact there were no signs of war. On the morning of the fourth the march was resumed, this time by daylight; after covering some twenty-seven kilometers, the regiment camped in the Bois de Brocourt, only ten kilometers from the eastern edge of the Argonne Forest and not far from the main Paris-Verdun highway. The roar of guns which the men of the 151st heard to the northward on October 4 marked the opening of the second phase of the Meuse-Argonne offensive, destined to continue until the end of the month. A renewed attempt was being made to break through the bulwark of the German defense system - the Kriemhilde Stellung. On October 6 the regiment again proceeded northward. A march of thirty-two kilometers brought it to Avocourt, a little town situated on the original battle line of September 26. About four kilometers to the north was Montfaucon, the historic hill from which the German crown prince had commanded his armies in some of the most important operations near Verdun. A few days before it had been taken by the Americans and was now being utilized as an observation post. On the way to their new positions the men of the 151st had witnessed a scene of utter destruction: wreckage littered the ground; roads were torn up and trees cut to pieces by shell fire. Although the entire 42nd Division did not enter the line immediately, the 67th Field Artillery Brigade was detached and sent in to support the 32nd Division, which was encountering very stiff resistance. On October 7 the 151st Field Artillery was once more in the battle line.6 At this time the front extended in a general east and west direction, some ten or twelve kilometers north of the line of September 26. The Germans were resisting stubbornly along a line of formidable redoubts and fortifications 6From October 1 to October 4 the division was officially a part of the First Army Reserve. On October 5 it passed to the 5th Army Corps Reserve where it remained until October 12. See the Resume of Front-line Service, 151st Field Artillery, and the Historical Report, Headquarters 42nd Division, February 6, 1919, on pages 332 and 333. U3wEof46TxRAA'GONNf C/.gss oollfhC/Iays AOc4dToNob //rb 9/8 /~~~~~~~~~~~' / ocao#ot~ aof~/rc yAas9onsC Zsr S 3/V*~1 / a4Pt'k_-.i Sk so~ "RAISA CeL~OVR r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MIFRMO-A,5 o ol a // S/ ~~~XLoA7Ra~ ItCR /J -) r -F~erA Vz\ oc/obmoo 4' - or a r a w I m>- o-v ~~D/ ~ ~ ~ F~~tA'~~~VONC~~ -. rl- - -, I A I / ~iAIW!V!POD6!PIoM! 7w AAt' P,6f),,?Ne 1 Po 0-ooe.,~I~k / kt~ E(~ta~ V/Ji4U~AUCOb o~obf,IY' - o A / II* ffWAACOU*? -— aeops -a-~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~nLAva~ ~ 4FM 1! f 0 0 I I THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 139 which included from west to east the villages of Cornay, Sommerance, Romagne, and Cunel. Romagne, a little town just north of Cierges, in a valley between two ranges of hills, was at this time the center of a resistance which had checked the advance of the 3rd Division, stationed on the right of the 32nd. The regimental echelon was established in the woods near Avocourt, but the batteries pushed forward and went into position in the woods north and west of Montfaucon. The regimental post of command was established on the north side of the hill in a dugout which had formerly been occupied by the Germans. This position of vantage afforded a comprehensive view of the battlefield to the north, east, and west. Colonel Reeves, commanding the 76th Field Artillery Regiment of the 3rd Division, occupied the same position.7 No general attack was made on October 8 by the divisions between the Meuse and the Argonne, but the day was spent in reorganizing the battle line and in bringing up artillery for the advance which had been ordered for the ninth. All day long the batteries of the 151st hammered away at the German lines. Officers stationed on Montfaucon looking northward witnessed a battle scene resembling in some respects the panorama which they had watched from the heights above the river Ourcq in August. At dusk the German artillery opened an exceedingly heavy fire, laying down a thick smoke screen which entirely concealed their own front line from American observers. Under cover of this, small detachments of their infantrymen policed No Man's Land, seeking the wounded and endeavoring to secure information of the American plans. Darkness brought no lull in the American bombardment, which was continued throughout the night and early morning in an effort to demolish the positions of the enemy and silence his artillery. The 151st Field Artillery alone fired six thousand shells on the German front lines, in a sector one kilometer in width. On the morning of October 9 a general attack was launched, in which every division on the Meuse-Argonne front participated. 7Leach, War Diary, 137. 140 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The 32nd Division had been ordered to capture the Bois de Valoup and to seize and hold the heights north and west of Romagne. On its left was the 1st Division and on its right, the 3rd. The 151st Field Artillery was to support the 126th Infantry. At eight-thirty that morning a rolling barrage was laid down, under cover of which the infantry of the 32nd Division began the assault. The advance was accompanied by tanks and smoke screens - in fact by almost every accessory of modern warfare. The barrage crept forward at the rate of one hundred meters every six minutes and the infantrymen followed close behind. Pushing forward, in groups and singly, some climbed straight up the slopes and others flanked the wooded heights where machine guns were particularly active. On they pressed, walking, running, creeping, and occasionally disappearing altogether in trenches and dugouts. Accompanying the first wave of the attack were seven whippet tanks, the engines of warfare which had so revolutionized military tactics. The Germans were observed to abandon their front-line trenches in the face of the infantry attack and leave the burden of the defense to scattered machine-gun nests situated in clumps of wood and in dugouts and trenches on high ground. It was the role of the tanks to locate and charge these machine-gun nests. Just an hour after it had been started, when the infantry had succeeded in pushing forward about eight hundred yards, the barrage was halted for a half hour. During this pause the infantry reorganized, and then the attack was resumed. The Germans were now offering stiffer resistance. The American curtain of fire, in accordance with prearranged plans, advanced to an enemy trench line south of Romagne, where it stopped for twenty minutes in an effort to destroy the position. Again it advanced, in accordance with the artillery plan; occasionally it halted and at length it came to rest on a line running through the northern outskirts of the village of Romagne. On the right the 126th Infantry succeeded in reaching the southern outskirts of Romagne, and on the left one battalion of the 125th reached the top of Hill 258. Elsewhere, however, the advance was more difficult. The infantry and tanks which had been following in the path of the barrage THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 141 battled with the German left in the positions south of Romagne and there the fighting continued all day.8 It had indeed been a busy day for the artillery. The guns of the 151st had no chance even to cool, for when no barrage was in progress there was other work to be done. The 1st Battalion had been ordered to fire at fugitive targets designated by ground observers and airmen, while the 2nd was delivering harassing fire on roads and avenues of communication behind the German lines. Enemy artillery was also active throughout the day, particular attempts being made to locate observation posts and posts of command. Montfaucon came in for heavy shelling, two signalmen being killed just outside the dugout occupied by the telephone central of regimental headquarters. Enemy aviators, however, apparently taken by surprise, were not so active as had been expected and the batteries of the 151st escaped direct shelling. In view of the resistance which had been encountered on the left of the divisional sector, orders were issued directing the advance of a part of the supporting artillery, including the 2nd Battalion of the 151st, to new positions between Cierges and Gesnes, which would permit more effective artillery assistance to the infantry whose progress was being delayed. The move was accomplished during the night of October 9-10, and morning found the guns of the 2nd Battalion in their new position back of a small ridge. Before daybreak the artillery of the entire regiment was again blazing away in preparation for the infantry attack. The advance took place at dawn, following a rolling barrage similar to that of the preceding day. The 125th Infantry encountered even more serious opposition than on the day before, but in spite of heavy losses it succeeded in pushing forward a short distance.9 At noon the 1st Battalion of the 151st was sent forward and in broad daylight it took up a new position just to the right of that occupied by the 2nd. It had been a terrible experience for both artillery and infantry, of which Colonel Leach wrote in his diary: "The desolation of this battlefield is beyond description. Many dead 8Joint War History Commissions of Michigan and Wisconsin, The 32nd Division in the World War, 1917-I919, p. 102 ([Madison, 1920]). 9Joint War History Commissions, 32nd Division, 102. 142 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Americans and Germans everywhere. Dead horses along every road. Every building and tree destroyed and the ground one mass of muddy shell holes." The night of the tenth was another of incessant activity. From dusk till dawn the guns blazed away at objectives behind the enemy lines. On the morning of the eleventh, the infantry of the 32nd Division, by this time much reduced in numbers and exhausted by continuous fighting, again attempted to push forward behind the rolling barrage. In spite of many hours of desperate fighting, they succeeded in advancing their lines only about 340 yards. At the close of the day the regiment received orders to rejoin the 42nd Division, which was about to relieve the 1st; the latter, it will be recalled, had been fighting in the sector of the 32nd Division.10 The news of the relief was gratefully received by the men of the 151st. During the recent fighting, they had had no sleep, except what they could snatch at the gun positions during the infrequent intervals between fire. They now looked forward to at least one night's rest in some more peaceful place along the route of march. On the evening of the eleventh, shortly after the orders for relief had been received, the battery positions were taken over by the 117th Field Artillery and the guns were hauled back to the echelon near Avocourt. But there was to be only one night's rest for the regiment and the morning of the twelfth found the Supply Company headed northwestward, closely followed by the batteries. The day's march took the regiment through the ruined villages of Cheppy, Very, Charpentry, Baulny, and Exermont, over a country which had been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting of the first phase of the Argonne battle. On the battlefield north of Exermont, where the Germans had very recently made a stand, were evidences of the struggle. Within a small radius were five wrecked American l0The 42nd Division as a unit relieved the 1st on the night of October 11, although some elements apparently did not get into position until the next night. The 1st Field Artillery Brigade and the 1st Ammunition Train remained to support the 42nd Division. Society of the First Division, History of the First Division during the World War, i9r7-r199, p. 212 (Philadelphia, 1922); Wolf, Rainbow Division, 45. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 143 tanks on which the German artillery had scored direct hits. In some of them were the bodies of men who had died at their posts. In one a dead pilot still sat at the steering device. Bodies of dead Germans lay strewn about machine guns hidden in little clumps of woods. Elsewhere, scattered in the open, were the bodies of German and American infantrymen and horses. Upon arriving in the new sector of the 42nd Division, the regimental post of command was established in a frame shed east of Exermont, and the batteries occupied positions in the woods about six hundred yards north and east of the town. When the 42nd Division entered the line the Kriemhilde Stellung was yet unbroken. It had been the mission of the 1st Division during the fighting which had begun on October 4 to drive a deep wedge into the enemy position along the high ground east of the valley of the Aire. The division had acquitted itself well, having pushed the line forward a distance of eight kilometers to a line running east and west through Sommerance, a ruined village directly west of Romagne. But several days of hard fighting and heavy losses had made a period of rest necessary. It was apparent, furthermore, that another specially prepared assault would be required to carry the Kriemhilde Stellung. To the Rainbow Division was given the honor of undertaking to finish the task so well begun by the 1st. The country through which lay the objectives of the 42nd Division was ideal for defensive fighting and its natural advantages had been fully utilized by the enemy. Almost three kilometers to the north, separated from Sommerance by high ridges, was St. Georges, a little town situated in a valley just north of the fortifications of the Kriemhilde Stellung. A little less than two kilometers east of St, Georges was the village of Landres-et-St. Georges, also in a narrow valley between high ridges. A short distance northeast of the latter was a wooded height known as the Bois de Hazois, which commanded the town itself and the country north of Sommerance. About two kilometers east of Sommerance was the west end of the Bois de Romagne, whose thick woods were still occupied by the Germans. A little to the north of the Bois de Romagne was the C6te de Chatillon, a hill covered by a 144 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY very dense forest and occupying a commanding position which was destined to give the American army much trouble.1l A glance at a map of this region reveals that the first four of the points just mentioned, namely, Sommerance, the Bois de Romagne, St. Georges, and Landres-et-St. Georges, occupy the corners of a rough quadrilateral. Sommerance and a part of the Bois de Romagne were in the hands of the Americans; the other two, lying at the northern corners of the rectangle, were still in the possession of the Germans. This quadrilateral was destined to be the scene of terrific fighting. The attack which marked the opening of the second phase of the Meuse-Argonne battle had met with some success, but as the struggle continued the progress of the American army had gradually slowed down, its driving power absorbed by the defenses of the Kriemhilde Stellung. The general staff, therefore, prepared plans for a new assault to be delivered along the whole front on October 14. Fresh divisions, including the 42nd, were placed in the line, and the American forces along the front were so reorganized as to afford the maximum degree of striking power. The urgency of the situation is revealed in an order issued by General Pershing to the entire First Army on the eve of the attack, in which he declared that the army must be more aggressive. Attention was called to the extensive use of machine guns by the enemy and it was directed that the American artillery be pushed forward to the very front lines, if necessary, to destroy the nests which sheltered these formidable weapons of defense against infantry attack. The higher officers were also urged to show themselves in the advance in order to serve as examples to the men under them. During the night of the twelfth and all day on the thirteenth, feverish preparations for attacking the German strongholds went forward. The gun positions of the 151st Field Artillery were organized and large quantities of ammunition were carried forward in the face of many difficulties. All day long the enemy "For a good description of the C6te de Chatillon and the German defenses located there, see the Appendix to Summary of Intelligence No. 22, October 12, 1918, on page 287. a 2 SS r U1,o a 'r — L=,E' 04 1t A 7=: 1 1CZ~~fl 1, L -I 0 8. f -,I t,. I1 0 0 < ZO t- 5- t-4 O3 To)fL Io 3 c Q9 I4 1 4r) 4 At:..4; THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 145 shelled the back areas with gas and high explosives. The condition of the terrain, moreover, was abominable; the ground was naturally rough and difficult, and, to make matters worse, for two weeks it had been almost constantly rained upon, so that it had become thoroughly waterlogged; the roads, deep with mud, were almost impassable for animal transport of any sort. On October 13 it was reported that the Germans were retiring all along the western front, but, as there were no visible signs of retreat from the enemy strongholds facing the 42nd Division, preparations for the attack were pushed forward in spite of rain and mud. The Rainbow Division was now a part of the 5th Army Corps. Supported on its right by the 32nd Division and on its left by the 82nd, it was expected to push its way forward and establish its lines beyond the villages of St. Georges and Landres-et-St. Georges.12 Before such an advance could take place it was necessary to complete the occupation of the Bois de Romagne and to occupy the C6te de Chatillon. The 84th Infantry Brigade occupied the right of the divisional sector and the 83rd, the left. It was ordered that certain elements of the 84th Brigade should advance to the first objective, while the remainder of the division remained in place. The attack on the second objective was to be made in two phases, in which the lead was to be taken first by the 84th, and then by the 83rd, Brigade. In the advance to the third objective, however, the 83rd Brigade was to attack first, followed by the 84th. The artillery under the command of Colonel Leach was assigned to the support of the infantry in the right subsector. The 117th Engineers (with the exception of two companies) and the 149th Machine Gun Battalion were held in reserve. During the artillery preparation the guns were to concentrate the heaviest possible fire on all known enemy positions, including edges of woods likely to conceal machine guns. The Cote de Chatillon and the Bois de Romagne were among those to which particular attention was to be given. Special emphasis was laid upon the use of smoke and gas shells. 12For details of the plan of attack and the order of battle, see Field Orders, No. 36, October 13, 1918, on page 279. These orders were modified somewhat by telephone before the attack was launched. 146 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The artillery fire began at dark on the evening of October 13 and all night long the guns roared in preparation for the attack on the following morning. There was no sleep either at the gun positions or in the regimental and battalion posts of command, for at midnight detailed orders containing the plan of attack arrived and the officers worked throughout the night preparing firing data. On the morning of October 14, at five-thirty, the division attacked on a front of between five and six kilometers.'3 This marked the beginning of three days of the fiercest fighting experienced by the division in the whole war, a period during which the casualty list told its own story. On the left of the divisional sector, where the fire from Hill 286 and the C6te de Chatillon could not reach the infantry, the 83rd Brigade succeeded in pushing ahead along a three-kilometer front until it arrived within about five hundred meters of the wire south of St. Georges and Landres-et-St. Georges. On the right, however, the 84th Brigade almost immediately encountered stubborn resistance. The advancing troops were swept, not only by a heavy frontal fire, but also by a cross fire from Hill 286 to the right of the divisional sector. Hill 288. in the line of advance, was so heavily manned by machine guns that, after several vain attempts to storm the position, the infantry was compelled to surround it under heavy machine-gun and artillery fire from north, northeast, and due east. Once surrounded, the hill was carried by storm, and in fierce hand-to-hand fighting the Americans annihilated the German machine-gun crews. The weather on the fourteenth was relatively clear and airplanes were of great assistance to enemy machine gunners and artillerymen who, from Hill 288 and the heights of the Cote de Chatillon, swept the valley with a fire that repeatedly checked the American advance. At this particular juncture the enemy planes outnumbered those of the Americans and foiled the efforts of the latter to locate German machine-gun nests and battery positions.. They assisted in directing their own fire upon the advancing infantry and upon the American battery positions. Gas shells were dropped upon the back areas as far as Exermont. 13Four other divisions attacked at the same time -the 5th, the 32nd, the 82nd, and the 77th. Thomas, History of the A. E. F., 323. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 147 When the attack was suspended at nightfall, the Kriemhilde Stellung was yet unbroken. On the front held by the 42nd Division, the new line extended from northwest to southeast. The Cote de Chatillon and La Tuilerie Ferme, a little to the east, were still in German hands and holding up the advance. The divisional seventy-fives had fired twenty-three thousand rounds of ammunition during the day, of which the 151st Field Artillery had disposed of some eight thousand rounds. A number of prisoners had been taken during the course of the day's fighting, all of whom declared that the American attack had come in the nature of a surprise. On the evening before, they said, a report had been circulated to the effect that an armistice had been declared. One prisoner said that the men of his company were still celebrating " peace" on the morning of the fourteenth when the American artillery cut short the rejoicing. Nor were rumors of peace confined to the German side of the lines. It was evident, however, that much hard work must be done before there could be any respite from fighting. Fearful lest these rumors might undermine the morale of his men, General Menoher, the divisional commander, issued the following memorandum: The enemy's peace propaganda has been launched in an effort to affect the fighting spirit of our troops. It is therefore ordered that all discussions of peace be suppressed. The peace proposals are matters for settlement by the political heads of the Government. Until the Commander in Chief issues other instructions, we have but one end and one aim, and that is to break down the enemy resistance and compel him to conform to our will. The wireless news of the enemy peace propositions should serve us in but one way, and that is to cause us to re-double our efforts to make him submit to the terms which the Allies will impose. The answer to his insidious peace proposals will be our sustained and determined advance.14 The 42nd Division was ordered to attack again on October 15, for until the C6te de Chatillon was taken there could be no advance by the divisions on the right and left. Vast quantities of 4Memorandum No. 306, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 14, 1918. This memorandum has reference to the negotiations which had begun with the sending of the German peace proposals on October 5. 148 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY ammunition were required for the artillery preparation, and all through the night of the fourteenth, in rain and mud, along roads almost constantly under shell fire, and with horses so weak that many of them died on the roads, the drivers hauled shells to the gun positions. Meanwhile the German artillery was active and during the night casualties were suffered in Batteries A, B, C, and F of the 151st. At daybreak on the fifteenth the American gunners began delivering the message of death to the C6te de Chatillon, and all through the morning the bombardment continued. In one respect conditions were more favorable than on the preceding day-the weather made aerial observation difficult, and German aviators were unable to direct the work of the artillery with much success. Before the 83rd Brigade, on the left of the divisional sector, lay the heavily wired positions south of St. Georges and Landreset-St. Georges. The principal objectives of the 84th Brigade were the C6te de Chatillon and La Tuilerie Ferme, a little to the east. The attack began at seven-thirty. The 83rd Brigade succeeded in advancing about two hundred meters, when it was again held up by severe frontal and enfilading machine-gun fire. Meanwhile the 84th Brigade pushed forward. The Germans were resolved to hold the C6te de Chatillon at all costs, since its possession would give the Americans observation as far north as Landres-et-St. Georges and with it, command of a broad valley still occupied by the enemy. They resisted the attack desperately at close range with all the machine guns and artillery at their disposal. Meanwhile the American artillery which was supporting the 84th Brigade poured high explosive and shrapnel into the German positions. Late in the afternoon a portion of the brigade succeeded in gaining a foothold in La Tuilerie Ferme, one of its two principal objectives, and before nightfall Hill 242 was also taken. Other elements succeeded in establishing themselves on the forward slopes of the C6te de Chatillon, the greater part of which, however, with its strong defenses, remained in German hands. Rumor had it that during the course of the fighting General Foch visited the headquarters of the American First Army and declared that the Cote de Chatillon "must be taken if it cost six thousand THE COTE DE CHATILLON I.,I I a THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 149 dead." It was with grim determination that preparations were made to attack again on the next day. Perhaps the best account of the third day's fighting is contained in a summary of intelligence issued by the second section of the general staff of the 42nd Division: On the afternoon of October 16 the 84th Brigade by terrific and prolonged fighting against well organized and savage defense, succeeded in penetrating the Kriemhilde Stellung at its apex on the Cote de Chatillon which is said to be the strongest point between the Argonne and the Meuse. At this point there is a heavily wooded slope with strong wire. Here a large garrison with artillery support and the usual large supply of machine guns upon which the enemy base their defense, offered grim battle and was driven back foot by foot by the furious attacks of our infantry. We now hold Cote de Chatillon and have organized the forward slope of the hill against possible counter attacks. Two enemy attempts to dislodge us during the afternoon were complete failures and resulted in the capture of prisoners. On the left our troops maintained their positions under the fire of enemy artillery and the crossfire of enemy machine guns. Our artillery continued its harassing fire and concentrated lethal gas upon the enemy support positions.15 The artillery support rendered by the 151st in the operations against the C6te de Chatillon marks perhaps the highest achievement of the regiment during the war. Four of the batteries had been engaged in destructive and two in raking fire. There were occasional opportunities for fire on fleeting targets. From a shellhole observation post on Hill 260, Captain George C. Ferch, regimental adjutant, directed one particularly fine bit of artillery work which broke up a counter-attack by German infantry. When a group of Germans, estimated to number about two hundred, was observed to be gathering in the south edge of the woods on the C6te de Chatillon for an attack, a few words were spoken into the telephone and almost immediately shells from the 151st were decreasing the number of enemy combatants in that part of the battlefield.' 5See part I, paragraph 10, of Summary of Intelligence No. 144, on page 294. '1Captain Walter B. Wolf, in describing these three days' fighting, refers to "the brilliantly controlled artillery fire of the 151st Field Artillery." Rainbow Division, 48. 150 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The fighting in the Argonne thus far had been attended by momentous consequences. The American attacks had absorbed a large number of enemy divisions, which had in turn been thoroughly demoralized. Large numbers of prisoners and quantities of material had been captured. Most important of all, the railway communications of the enemy, leading to Sedan, were seriously threatened. Of the unparalleled heroism which the American soldier had displayed, General Pershing wrote later: Combat troops were held in line and pushed to the attack until deemed incapable of further effort because of casualties or exhaustion; artillery once engaged was seldom withdrawn and many batteries fought until practically all the animals were casualties and the guns were towed out of line by motor trucks.17 Following the capture of the C6te de Chatillon and the cessation of the general attack, which marks the end of the second phase of the Argonne battle, the 42nd Division proceeded to consolidate its position. Some desultory fighting on the sector front, but no operations of great importance, took place. Notwithstanding the temporary lull in the fighting, the days following the sixteenth were by no means a period of rest for the 151st Field Artillery. Defensive barrages were occasionally laid down before German raiding parties; at other times the regiment fired progressive barrages in front of small American attacks, and on some occasions there was wire to be cut. Fire was also directed continually on stationary and fleeting targets, such as small groups of enemy soldiers and machine-gun nests. The weather was very unfavorable during a considerable part of this period. Cold and rain, combined with the conditions which always follow a prolonged battle, resulted in many cases of sickness. Rations were irregular and the fire of German batteries, which were constantly searching for the American gun positions, added to the discomfort of the situation. Following are typical entries from the regimental commander's diary covering this period: Saturday, October 19. Raining and very unpleasant and many soldiers sick. No change in the situation - we are simply holding 17Final Report, 49. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 151 the line until the 83d [Brigade] advances on our left... The usual amount of harassing fire with a little increase during the night. Sunday, October 20. The most uneventful Sunday we have spent in months. Raining and the mud and sickness growing worse. In the evening the Boche Artillery was very active. No change in the Infantry lines. Monday, October 21. Most every one is sick —the country has been so polluted with the armies of over four years, so many unburied dead men and horses, that it is affecting every onethe Boche prisoners say they were all sick here.... Heavy Boche shelling on the forward positions and around us at night, with much bombing. The monotony and unpleasantness of the situation were somewhat relieved for the men by the performances of German and American aviators. Whenever the weather permitted -perhaps every third day —the enemy sent over large squadrons of airplanes hunting for American balloons and airplanes. On October 18 it was estimated that more than one hundred German planes came over the lines near Exermont. They were attacked by American aviators and two of them brought down. One occupant of a German plane jumped from his machine and the men of the 151st Field Artillery had their first and only view of a successful parachute descent. It was on this day, also, in full view of the batteries, that an American and a German plane crashed head-on and fell. That night the Americans, in order to show that they had not been intimidated by the German demonstration, flew to Buzancy and bombed the town. Again, on October 22, the spirits of the men were somewhat revived when the sun came out and aerial activity was resumed. From their places at the guns and echelons, they saw the enemy bring down six observation balloons, while the Americans succeeded in bagging one German "sausage." The regiment had lost seven more men by death during these three weeks of October. Private C. Lloyd McArthur of Battery F was killed on the tenth. A few days later Private Glasford S. Strong of Battery D died as a result of wounds received in action. Sergeant Harry T. Stoneman and Privates Robert Nelson, George Stefanik, Douglas Taylor, and Samuel Zegas were among those 152 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY severely wounded or gassed about the same time. On the twentieth Lieutenant Thomas G. Hirst of Battery E, who had been with the regiment through the severest of the fighting, was struck by a shell at the regimental observation post; it was necessary to amputate his leg and he died two weeks later. Toward the end of the month two more men were killed -Privates Carl J. Heille and John F. Truemper, both of Battery A. Two privates, Roy S. Johnson and Wilfred Miller, died of disease. It was during this period that the 42nd Division celebrated the anniversary of its departure from the United States. In a summary of intelligence issued on October 18, General Menoher, the divisional commander, paid tribute to the achievements of the organization in the following words: On October 18, 1917, one year ago today, the Headquarters and certain elements of the 42d Division sailed for France. After a period of training in the rear areas of the Zone of the Armies, the Division went into line in the Luneville, St. Clement, and Baccarat sectors. Here, under command of the 8th French Army, it completed its training and on April 1, 1918, took over the first Divisional Sector entrusted to an American division. Having for three months held an active but stationary front of 15 kilometers, the Division was sent to Champagne, where it took part with Gouraud's Army in the defense of July 15, which turned the tide of the great German advance. From Champagne the Division moved to the region north of Chateau Thierry where it led the attack over the Ourcq, captured Villers-sur-Fere, Sergy, Seringes et Nesles and advanced a total distance of 16 kilometers. With a brief pause to receive replacements the division proceeded to the Toul front and took part with the 1st American Army in the reduction of the St. Mihiel Salient. Here the division, after having made an advance of nearly 20 kilometers, at the conclusion of the drive, organized its sector front so that it could be safely turned over to a smaller number of troops and again moved to an active area. The division is now engaged in the most difficult task to which it has yet been set - the piercing, at its apex, of the Kriemhilde Stellung. upon the defense of which position the German line from Metz to Champagne depends. During its service in France, Division Headquarters has had its Post of Command at twenty-three different points in towns, woods and dugouts. In spite of the long stay at Baccarat, this gives an average of fifteen days at each post. The Division has captured prisoners from twenty-three enemy divisions, including three Guard and one Austro-Hungarian Divi THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 153 sion as follows: 1st Guard, - 3d Guard,- 4th Guard, - 10th,13th, -28th, -40th, -41st, -52d, -96th, - 192d, - 195th, - 201st, - 216th, - 227th, - 233d, - 5th Landwehr, - 8th Landwehr,- 10th Landwehr,- 21st Landwehr, — 77th Reserve,- 6th Bavarian Reserve, - 35th Austro-Hungarian Division; and from nineteen independent units as follows: 3d, - 30th, - 42d, — 51st,- 65th and 51st Landwehr,- Foot Artillery Regiments; XV Ersatz Foot Artillery Battalion, — 14th Sturm Battalion,16th Sharp Shooter Machine Gun Battalion, 4th Minenwerfer Battalion,- 67th and 97th Labor Battalions,- 216th Agricultural Battalion, - 70th Sound Ranging Troops, - 22d Railway Section and the XIII Ludwigsburg Regiment. The original objective of the First Army remained unchanged, but further progress was impossible until the last of the German defenses constituting the Kriemhilde Stellung had been overcome. On October 21 General Pershing issued orders to prepare for another general attack. The date originally set was October 28, but it was changed to November 1 in order that the advance of the First Army might take place simultaneously with an attack by the Fourth French Army, on its left.18 Orders to prepare for the attack were received at headquarters of the 151st Field Artillery on October 26. At the same time it was reported that on this occasion the organization would fire in support of the 2nd Division, which was to relieve the Rainbow. All of the available artillery was moved forward to the heights previously occupied by the enemy, from which it could cover and support the advance of the infantry. On the night of the twenty-sixth the guns of the 151st were moved forward into new positions in the open, rolling country north of Exermont. During this advance an ammunition train, under the command of Sergeant Roy Raykman of Battery A, encountered a heavy bombardment which wrought havoc with horses and men, but the sergeant brought the train through and afterwards returned under 180n October 25 the officers of the regiment said good-by to Captain Jacobson, the French officer who had been almost continuously with the 151st since its arrival in France. His knowledge of artillery and engineering had been of immense value in the operations of the regiment, and his coolness and indifference to danger had aroused the admiration of all. He received the Distinguished Service Cross while serving with the regiment. He was now ordered back to the French army and he left carrying with him the good wishes of officers and men alike. 154 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY shell fire to see that all of the wounded had been found. For cool judgment and courage displayed on this occasion Raykman was later awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. The regiment had the misfortune to suffer heavy casualties immediately following the occupation of the new positions, largely due to German aerial activity. Shells falling on the position of Battery B in turn temporarily blinded Captain Alfred H. Pautot and Lieutenants Frederic P. Mullins and Joel H. Sharp, and disabled and compelled the evacuation of twenty-five of the thirty men at the guns. The officers of the battery refused to leave the place until they had been totally blinded, when they were led away by some of the men. In Battery C seven men were shot or gassed, and early on the morning of the twenty-eighth Battery A came in for its share of punishment, when twenty-nine men were disabled and evacuated to the hospitals. Sergeant John S. Christie of Battery C, a fine soldier, was killed as he sat at a switchboard in a dugout to the left of the C6te de Chatillon. The 2nd Battalion, stationed on the left, also in open gun positions, was likewise suffering from the enemy's shells. Eight men of Battery D were wounded and Batteries E and F also had casualties. Many of the horses of the regiment were killed during this period, for the Germans were firing upon a terrain which they had just abandoned, and they knew exactly the location of the roads. They also devoted a great deal of attention to the back areas.l9 Owing to the postponement of the date of the attack from October 28 to November 1, there were a few days of suspense during which the final preparations were completed, but which were for the most part devoted to mere waiting. On October 30 certain elements of the Rainbow Division were relieved by the 2nd. The command of the sector passed to the commanding general of the 19The 151st suffered ninety-three casualties during the week before the final drive. Of these, besides those already mentioned, the following were severely wounded or gassed: Lieutenants Herbert E. Baker, Harry V. Davis, and Martin LeBoutillier; Master Electrician Fred C. Weinert; Sergeant James A. Wright; and Privates Telford Chilstrom, James Deliz, Paul B. Edwards, Troy R. Eye, Joe Gooler, Exa Henderson, Paul G. Maass, Walter Muff, Mike Ochus, James A. Solsten, Harvey E. Thompson, Albert U. Vallery, Richard Weed, and Orvin L. Weeks. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 155 2nd Division at noon on October 31, and the 67th Field Artillery Brigade was placed under his orders.20 October 31 was the anniversary of the regiment's landing in France, but, as the word had gone around that another big offensive was to be launched the next day, the celebration was limited to a near-celebration by the officers in the regimental post of command. That evening these officers formed a "last man's club" modeled on the organization established by members of the 1st Minnesota Infantry of Civil War fame. A bottle of wine, which is to be drunk by the last surviving officer of the club, was displayed, but the festivities of the first meeting were interrupted by the simultaneous arrival of German shells and orders for the attack. Three army corps were in line between the Meuse and the Bois de Bourgoyne, just north of the Argonne, on the eve of the attack. The 5th Corps was in the center and its front was held by two divisions, the 89th on the right and the 2nd on the left. Once more the 151st Field Artillery held a position of honor and responsibility. It was supporting the marines of the 2nd Division, which' was to be the wedge of the attack on the first day. The final drive opened at three-thirty on the morning of November 1 with a violent artillery bombardment. Two hours later the infantry went over the top, closely preceded by a rolling barrage. The artillery action which accompanied the attack lasted for six hours and, coming as it did after many days of struggling in the mud, it was a serious strain on the men. It has been declared that the American bombardment in the Meuse-Argonne area on this occasion was the most terrific in history. General Pershing himself paid the following tribute to the work of the gunners: "The Artillery acquitted itself magnificently, the barrages being so well co-ordinated and so dense that the enemy was overwhelmed and quickly submerged by the rapid onslaught of the Infantry." 21 20The two infantry battalions of the 42nd which were holding the line and both the brigade and divisional machine gun battalions remained in their places for the time being. These units were relieved during the attack as the 2nd Division passed through their lines. 21 Final Report, 51. 156 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The attack was a brilliant success, and by nightfall on November 1 the 5th Corps, of which the 2nd Division was a part, had pushed forward for a gain of nine kilometers. The enemy's last line of defense had been broken, his artillery positions had been captured, and his forces opposite the left of the First Army thrown into a demoralized retreat. It was the beginning of the end. Although the fire from the German batteries on November 1 was not so heavy as it had been on the preceding days, the regiment lost two men killed - Corporal Maurice Masterson, who had repeatedly distinguished himself, and Corporal Edward J. Paul, both of Battery F. A shell had fallen directly into a large " fox hole " back of a gun, in which these men were sleeping. Another man of the battery was blown twenty feet out of a hole in which he was slumbering but was uninjured! Six other men of the 151st were hit on the same day, including Private Jack Murphrey, who was severely wounded. Upon its relief by the 2nd Division, the 42nd, minus the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, had passed to the command of the 1st Army Corps, where it was held in support to take up the pursuit as soon as the enemy lines should begin to give way. The 151st Field Artillery remained in support of the 2nd Division until November 2, when it was ordered to rejoin the 42nd. The guns were hauled northwestward to Thenorgues, and there in a cold rain the men awaited the order to advance. The dead were everywhere. There was no firewood and in an effort to keep warm broken furniture and other wreckage from the destroyed village were requisitioned for fuel. Both men and horses were in a pitiful state, and it was found necessary on November 4 to salvage two batteries in order that there might be horses enough to drag forward the four remaining. The regimental post of command was established in an old German ammunition dump at Harricourt. Although the enemy was in retreat, German flyers were unusually active, and during their nocturnal raids the region in the vicinity of regimental headquarters was thoroughly bombed. On the night of November 4, orders were issued directing the 42nd Division to prepare to move forward to take up the pursuit. It was not stated that Sedan was the objective, but both officers THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 157 and men knew that that was their destination. From now on it was to be a kind of rough and tumble race between the American divisions to see which should be the first to reach Sedan and the Mezieres railroad, the vital artery of the enemy transportation system. At noon of November 5 the advancing elements of the 42nd Division passed through the 78th Division, whose place they took in the line. The active pursuit was on. The language of the orders directing the advance reflects the urgency of the situation: The pursuit will be pushed vigorously. Resistance encountered will be broken without permitting delay by rear guard action on the part of the enemy. Front line battalions will be used while they are able to progress and will then be passed through by rear line battalions. After passage front line battalions will be reorganized and will continue the advance. The divisional artillery will follow closely the advance of the infantry.22 November 5 was another cold and disagreeable day; the men stumbled forward mile after mile, unable to ride because of the condition of the horses, which were at times scarcely able to pull the guns from the mud and shell holes in their path. The regiment crossed the valley of the Bar River north of Brieulles, and many a man thanked Providence for the 117th Regiment of Engineers. A causeway about one thousand feet long and fifteen feet high, crossing a marsh, had been practically destroyed by the Germans in their retreat. Immense mine craters had been blown in this field, but the engineers set to work and after twentyfour hours of steady labor the trucks and guns of the division were hauled across. Working under fire from gas shells and without rations, the engineers also restored two demolished bridges at Les Petites Armoises and Sy. During the day arrived the first forage which had been received in thirty-six hours, and such animals as had survived the last march were fed. At Grandes Armoises and La Berliere were found large quantities of German flour and potatoes, and that night the men of the regiment slept with full stomachs once more. Orders issued late Thursday night urged the troops on to 22See section 3, paragraph f, of Field Orders, No. 52, on page 300. 158 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY renewed efforts: "The pursuit will be pushed with the utmost vigor, " ran the orders. " The opportunity presented to the division is one of the most brilliant of the war. Brigade and regimental commanders will by personal example and leadership, insure the rapid progress of their front line battalions." 23 The next day, November 6, the 151st pushed forward again, struggling along in the wake of the retreating Germans, horses dropping in their tracks, and men pulling guns and caissons by hand. Meanwhile telephone and radio instructions were received from the headquarters of the 1st Army Corps to advance and capture Sedan, without regard to divisional boundaries. During the pursuit the 77th Division had been proceeding abreast of the right of the 42nd Division. Immediately to the right of the 77th was the 1st. As the three divisions pushed northward toward Sedan, their sectors converged and the 1st, being fresher than the 77th, crossed in front of the latter and came in contact with the 42nd. Over a hill into Oches went the artillery of the 42nd Division, at the same time that the village was invaded by the artillery of the 1st. Field orders issued on the night of November 6 directed as follows: "The 42nd Division will continue the pursuit at once and will continue it day and night without halting. The Meuse will be reached and Sedan will be taken tonight. "24 Sedan was not taken immediately, but on November 7 the Rainbow Division attacked for the last time and reached the Meuse southeast of Sedan. It had been a race between the 1st and the 42nd divisions to determine which should be first to reach their common objective. There was inevitable some confusion; on the night of November 6 Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, commanding the 84th Infantry Brigade, was "captured" by patrols from the 1st Division south of Sedan. He had been visiting a portion of his command with his adjutant, and the 1st Division patrols, unaware that there were troops of the 42nd in the vicinity, mis28Field Orders, No. 53, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 5, 1918. 24Field Orders, No. 54, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 6, 1918. Corporal Stanley Swanson was severely wounded during the advance on the sixth. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 159 took them for German prowlers.25 The outcome of the race for Sedan has never been satisfactorily decided, and both the 1st and 42nd divisions claimed the victory.26 Out of courtesy, however, the French were permitted to be the first to enter the city, since it was here, just forty-eight years before, that they had been humiliated by the capture of their emperor, Napoleon III.27 On November 7 it was announced that substantial resistance by the enemy on the front of the First American Army west of the Meuse had been overcome. The 42nd Division was ordered to crush and clear up such enemy forces as still remained in its sector, to organize its position, and to push contact patrols across the river Meuse. At noon on November 8 the guns of the 2nd Battalion of the 151st Field Artillery were covering the Meuse near Haraucourt, and by dusk those of the 1st Battalion were also in position. But the fighting had ended for this regiment. On the evening of November 8 orders were issued directing the relief of the 42nd Division by the 77th. Late in the afternoon of the ninth 25Captain Walter B. Wolf, adjutant to Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, gives the following version of the incident: "The General and I were proceeding across country to Beau-Menil Ferme where Colonel Tinley had his regimental headquarters. We were north of the Bulson-Haraucourt Road and proceeding along through the fields east of the Haraucourt-Menil Road when we were overtaken by a small patrol, commanded by Lieutenant Brown, of, I believe, the 28th Infantry of the First Division, at a point about one hundred yards south of the most southerly point in the woods between Beau-Menil Ferme and La Forge Ferme, which latter we were about to take over as our own headquarters. We had just finished speaking with the Reserve Battalion of the 168th Infantry, and were about two hundred yards away from our own troops. The patrol leader said he had a flank mission, and was in process of cleaning the woods of Germans. He was considerably surprised when he learned he was somewhat in the rear of the line of the P. C.'s of the Right Brigade of the 42nd Division." Letter to Colonel Leach, July 28, 1922. 26According to a letter from Adjutant General Robert C. Davis to the Minnesota War Records Commission, May 2, 1924, war department records, based on the map of the Meuse-Argonne offensive accompanying Pershing's Final Report and on the documents of the 1st and 42nd divisions, credit the former with occupying an "organized line" nearer to Sedan than that of the 42nd Division. Colonel Leach, however, in a letter to the War Records Commission, November 20, 1923, claims that the Rainbow Division should be accorded the honor of winning the race, on the ground that "a detachment of the 42nd Division was between their outposts [those of the Ist Division] and Sedan at all times." The contradiction is probably one of terms rather than of fact, the war department taking for its criterion the furthest advance of organized troops, and 42nd Division officers basing their claim on the greater progress of certain patrols and detachments. 27Letter of Adjutant General Davis to the War Records Commission, May 2, 1924. Colonel Leach, in his letter of November 20, 1923, states that a 160 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the 151st Field Artillery started for the rear. The withdrawal was safely effected under a bright, clear moon. During the night the regimental post of command, which still remained at Haraucourt, was shelled with gas and high explosive. As the men withdrew, they could see Sedan in flames. The Germans were evacuating the city, and this meant that the drive was ended. Under a shining sun and with regimental colors flying, the Headquarters Company of the 151st marched into Harricourt on the morning of November 10. It was the first occasion in months on which the colors had been carried at the head of the regiment. Back toward Sedan the guns were still booming away, and the tired men wondered whether the long-expected rest had finally come or whether they were going in again. The regiment bore grim evidence of the fighting through which it had just passed. Only twelve of the original twenty-four guns were left, and the regiment was more than nine hundred horses short. The few which remained were in pitiful condition. Many of the men were sick, and the rest were " dead on their feet. " The 151st Field Artillery was indeed "going in" again, but this time it was to be a peaceful entrance into the land of a defeated foe. At eleven o'clock on the morning of November 11 the firing at the front ceased and word spread that an armistice had been declared. The men and some of the officers were at first skeptical, since there had been many rumors of the sort before. There was no cheering nor excitement, though finally the conviction spread that the fighting had actually ceased. As darkness settled down, the men fired some abandoned German rocket dumps and managed to display a little enthusiasm. For the first time in forty days the regimental band played. For the most part, however, the men were too tired for a real celebration. The fighting was ended, but the strain of the past few months had done its work. To those who had been toiling and fighting for weeks, the end of the war meant little for the time being, but warmth and sleep meant much. detachment of the 165th (69th New York) Infantry of the 42nd Division accompanied the French upon their entry into Sedan. "This I know," he adds, " is the official record of the French government, having the information at first hand from General Gouraud during his visit here." THE 3MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 161 The first official word of the signing of an armistice came in a memorandum from division headquarters calling the attention of unit commanders to the fact that the signing of an armistice was not a peace and declaring that there must be no relaxation of vigilance on the part of the command. "Advantage will be taken of the occasion, " the memorandum continued, " to rehabilitate equipment, push training and prepare troops for further operations at any instant demanded by the situation. All unit commanders will take special steps to insure a high state of discipline, and to this end Division, Brigade, Regimental, Battalion and smaller unit commanders will personally inspect organizations daily with a view to reporting their units equipped, trained, and ready for service. " 28 In accordance with these instructions, the few days immediately following the armistice were spent in cleaning and replacing equipment and in bringing the regiment up to fighting strength again. On November 11 Major General Charles T. Menoher, who had led the 42nd Division during the entire period of its service at the front, was relieved of the command. In a farewell message he reviewed the achievements of the division and paid tribute to the valor of officers and men in the following words: On the 13th of August I addressed to you a letter summarizing the record of your achievements in LORRAINE, before CHALONS and on the OURCQ. On the occasion of my leaving the Division I wish to recall to you your services since that time and to express to you my appreciation of the unfailing spirit of courage and cheerfulness with which you have met and overcome the difficult tasks which have confronted you. After leaving the region of CHATEAU THIERRY you had scarcely been assembled in your new area when you were ordered to advance by hard night marches to participate in the attack of the ST. MIHIEL Salient. In this first great operation of the American Army you were instructed to attack in the center of the Fourth Army Corps and to deliver the main blow in the direction of the heights overlooking the MADINE River. In the battle that followed you took every objective in accordance with the plan of the Army Commander. You advanced fourteen kilometers in twenty-eight hours. You pushed forward advance elements five kilometers 28See Memorandum, Headquarters 42nd Division, November 11, 1918, on page 313. 162 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY further, or nineteen kilometers beyond your original starting point. You took more than one thousand prisoners from nine enemy divisions. You captured seven villages and forty-two square kilometers of territory. You seized large supplies of food, clothing, ammunition, guns and engineering materiel. Worn though you were by ceaseless campaigning since February, you then moved to the VERDUN region to participate in the great blow which your country's armies have struck west of the MEUSE. You took Hill 288, LA TUILERIE FARM and the COTE DE CHATILLON and broke squarely across the powerful KRIEMHILDE STELLUNG, clearing the way for the advance beyond ST. GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST. GEORGES. Marching and fighting day and night you thrust through the advancing lines of the forward troops of the First Army. You drove the enemy across the MEUSE. You captured the heights dominating the River before SEDAN and reached in the enemy lines the farthest point attained by any American troops. Since September 12th you have taken over twelve hundred prisoners; you have freed twenty-five French villages; you have recovered over one hundred and fifty square kilometers of French territory and you have captured great supplies of enemy munitions and materiel. Whatever may come in the future, the men of this Division will have the proud consciousness that they have thus far fought wherever the American flag has flown most gloriously in this war. In the determining battle before CHALONS, in the bloody drive from CHATEAU THIERRY to the VESLE, in the blotting out of the ST. MIHIEL Salient and in the advance to SEDAN yOU have played a splendid and a leading part. I know that you will give the same unfailing support to whoever may succeed me as your Commander, and that you will continue to bear forward without faltering the colors of the Rainbow Division. I leave you with deep and affectionate regret and I thank you again for your loyalty to me and your services to your country. You have struck a vital blow in the greatest war in history. You have proved to the world in no mean measure that our country can defend its own.29 29 ( To the Officers and Men of the 42nd Division," Headquarters 42nd Division, November 11, 1918. Upon the departure of General Menoher, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur assumed temporary command of the division. IX. ON THE RHINE1 "To the Rhine " was the slogan with which every American soldier had left home, and to the Rhine led the road which the 151st was now to travel. Article five of the armistice convention provided for the immediate evacuation by the Germans of all territories on the left, or west, bank of the Rhine, where the government was to be administered by local troops of occupation; for the garrisoning by allied and United States troops of the principal crossings of the Rhine - Mainz, Coblenz, and Cologne - together with other strategic points in these regions; and for the neutralization of a zone ten kilometers wide east of the river and the occupied territory, extending from the frontier of Holland to that of Switzerland. Fifteen days were allowed for the evacuation of Belgium, Luxemburg, and Alsace-Lorraine. The announcement was promptly made that the Americans were to occupy the central portion of the region, the area about Coblenz, and that the 42nd Division was to form a part of the Army of Occupation or Third Army, ultimately composed of the 1st, 2nd. 3rd, 4th, 5th, 32nd, 42nd, 89th, and 90th divisions, all under the command of Major General Joseph T. Dickman. The British were to occupy Cologne, to the north, and the French, Mainz, to the south of the American troops. It can well be imagined with what mingled feelings of regret, pride, and anticipation the members of the 151st received the 1Details of the march of the 151st Field Artillery into Germany and its occupation of the assigned area are based largely on Colonel Leach's War Diary. De Chambrun and De Marenches in their American Army, 309-318, give the best general account of the movements of the allied armies in their progress toward the Rhine and of the relative positions occupied by the several divisions of the American Third Army. A brief analysis of the enemy's attitude toward the troops of occupation is included. Wolf, Rainbow Division, 53-55, contains only the briefest mention of the events dealt with in this chapter. The last seven chapters of Tompkins, Rainbow Division, give a popular anecdotal account of the march and the occupation of German territory. Documents relating to this period of the regiment's service may be found on pages 313 to 325. 163 164 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY tidings of their inclusion in the Army of Occupation - regret over a deferred home-coming; pride in its choice as a part of the new army, avowedly selected on the basis of achievement; and anticipation of "the party," as the occupation of German territory soon came to be spoken of among the American soldiers. For several days after this the men were occupied in cleaning their equipment and re-equipping to full war strength, for the vanguard of the advancing troops was to carry everything necessary for a military engagement. On the fourteenth the division proceeded from the Buzancy region to the locality of Landres-et-St. Georges, the 151st marching from Harricourt to Imecourt. The next day the regimental commander received the following letter from Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, who served as divisional commander in the interval between the departure of Major General Menoher and the arrival of his successor, Major General Clement A. F. Flagler: My dear Colonel: At the conclusion of the operation in which we have been constantly engaged since September, I find the opportunity to express what I have often felt during this period, - genuine appreciation of the support of the 151st Field Artillery and yourself which has always been accorded the 84th Infantry Brigade. It has been invaluable and reassuring. The rapidity with which you have brought the elements of your command to the aid of the 84th Infantry Brigade, the speed and precision with which you have opened fire, the closeness with which your Artillery, despite nearly impassable roads, blown out bridges, difficult terrain, rain, mud and enemy fire, had followed up the rapid movements and shifts of the Infantry, have been recognized with pleasure and a sure sense of gratitude by all elements and individuals of my command. The 151st Field Artillery has fired accurately, rapidly and whenever requested. Its liaison with the Infantry has been intimate, daring and most satisfactory. Its personnel is magnificent. The courtesy and professional attainments of its officers are exceptionally fine. It has been at all times abreast of the highest standards of gallantry and technical skill. Now, as the field of their successful struggles for Hills 288, 242 and the Cote de Chatillon and Landres-et-St. Georges lies about the Division, during its reassembly, the accuracy and power of the fire of your Regiment on the enemy organization's wire and sensitive points, in this steep and tangled terrain, are unrolled be ON THE RHINE 165 fore the troops who made the fight, with a poignancy that increases, if that is possible, their confidence in your command. I desire to compliment you on commanding the 151st Field Artillery and the Regiment on having such a Colonel. Very sincerely, DOUGLAS MACARTHUR.2 On November 16, the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, including the 151st Field Artillery, marched east to Aincreville. On Sunday morning, November 17, the advance guard of the Third American Army, stationed along a line extending from Mouzon, near Sedan, southeast to Thiaucourt, in the heart of the old St. Mihiel sector, began to move in a northeasterly direction. On the right marched the 4th Corps, the 3rd and 1st divisions in the first line, the 4th in support. The 3rd Corps, with the 32nd and 2nd divisions in the lead and the 42nd, under Brigadier General MacArthur, three days' march behind the front-line troops, occupied the left. The front toward which they were advancing was marked by Longwy, Audun-le-Roman, and Briey. The regiment crossed the Meuse at Dun-sur-Meuse, where the men billeted for the night. Two days of rest at Ecurey, ten or fifteen kilometers to the southeast, followed. Here the men luxuriated in a bath and new clothes and obtained fresh horses and additional equipment. Early on Wednesday, November 20, the artillerymen of the 151st started northward for Montmedy, a French town used as a railhead by the Germans all through the war and now celebrating its deliverance from four years of captivity. Here, upon their arrival at one o'clock, they found all in holiday attire; every resident wore his best; French and American flags decorated the town. Streets and buildings still bore the German signs which had replaced those in French during the enemy's occupation-the regiment marched up Kronprinz Strasse-but the incongruity of this did not dampen the joy of the people. The German soldiers were gone; that was sufficient cause for celebration. A distinguished guest shared the festivities of the townspeople, none other than Raymond Poincare, president of France, who had passed the regiment on the road and was at Montmedy when it arrived. On the 2Leach, War Diary, 156. 166 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY steps of the city hall he and his wife welcomed back the French citizens of Montmedy, who for four long years had been under German rule. With them stood Major General Henry T. Allen, commander of the 90th Division of the American army. Major General Flagler had already passed through the city. The next morning a two-hour march brought the regiment to the Belgian boundary, which it crossed at Virton, and into the Belgian south country, devastated and blasted by the German invasion of 1914. The first night was spent at Ethe. After a twoday march through southernmost Belgium, where it was warmly welcomed on every hand, through Arlon, a beautiful little city of ten thousand inhabitants, the regiment arrived at the borders of the Duchy of Luxemburg. At eight-thirty on the morning of November 23 the artillerymen crossed the Belgian frontier and by dark they were in Reckingen, fifteen kilometers southwest of the city of Luxemburg. The front-line troops of the Third American Army on this date occupied a line practically contiguous with the German boundary; the 3rd Corps, of which the 42nd Division was a part, held a line extending through Reisdorf, Beaufort, Berdorf, Mompach, and Munschecker, and the 4th Corps, the line of the Moselle.3 Regimental headquarters received at this time a memorandum containing instructions governing the conduct of the troops during the advance into German territory. Organization commanders were to provide for their own security at all times; to prevent fraternization, intermingling, and familiarity of their commands with the civilian population; to report all property of the enemy army discovered; to forward to division headquarters as prisoners all German troops which should fall into their hands; to insure the safety of civilian property, prevent trespassing, altercations, and disputes; and to "insure towards the population, whatever its nationality, of the localities passed through a fairness and courtesy that, as Americans and members of a victorious army, we are proud to accord them. " 4 There appear to have been but few occa3See Part III of [Summary of Intelligence] No. 166, November 23 to 24, 1918, on page 318. 4For the complete text of the memorandum see page 314. ON THE RHINE 167 sions, however, even in Germany, when officers were called upon to exercise their authority to prevent altercations. Throughout Luxemburg, according to official reports, the inhabitants "displayed a conspicuously friendly feeling toward our troops" and manifested an attitude which was "not only pro-Ally but vigorously republican. "5 The regiment remained at Reckingen for a week before moving on to its position on the eastern frontier of the duchy. On the morning of November 24 the artillerymen were reviewed by Major General John L. Hines, commanding the 3rd Corps, and two days later Brigadier General George G. Gatley, commander of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, came from his headquarters at Bruch, twenty kilometers to the north, to review the unit. November 28 was Thanksgiving Day. A check had been received from home which made it possible to give each battery one hundred francs for its Thanksgiving dinner. The morning was spent in inspection; a concert was to have been given in the afternoon, but rainy weather necessitated its postponement. While stationed at Reckingen, the men were given passes to the beautiful historic city of Luxemburg, capital of the duchy and headquarters of Marshal Foch, and many of them took advantage of the opportunity to make this short trip. All commented upon two circumstances —the beauty of the city and the high price of food. They had continued to receive their pay in French money and in the region first passed through - in Belgium and Luxemburg-the German mark retained its pre-war value, the rate of exchange being about eighty marks for one hundred francs. With war prices prevailing in Luxemburg, the men found it impossible 5See [Summary of Intelligence] No. 166, November 23 to 24, 1918, on page 318. Contemporary newspapers and magazines made much of the warm reception which Luxemburgers were reported to be giving the Army of Occupation, but the statements of the men themselves were not so unqualified. Colonel Leach, commenting on the march from the Belgian frontier to Reckingen on November 23, says, "The people are not friendly." A letter written by Sergeant Joseph R. Litzinger of the Headquarters Company of the 151st on December 20, and published in the St. Cloud Daily Journal-Press on February 1, 1919, contains the following statement: " The people here [in Luxemburg] did not treat us as courteously as the Belgians had, but, of course, this we had to expect altho we soon made them understand that we were boss." On the whole, however, the Americans received a more cordial welcome than they had dared hope for. 168 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY to take advantage of the sale of delicacies for which they yearned. For example, at the Casino in Luxemburg $3.60 was the price asked for a ten-cent cake of chocolate and $4 for two chops. On Saturday evening, November 30, arrived orders that the advance be resumed on the next day. Accordingly, at about eight o'clock on Sunday morning, the regiment began its march over an excellent, though very hilly, road which made a beautiful horseshoe curve between Reckingen and Lorentzweiler, to the north. At times those in the lead were able to talk to the men in the rear, though the latter had miles to travel before they would reach the spot where the vanguard was. In the afternoon the band gave another concert. On Monday, December 2, a march of thirty kilometers - about nineteen miles- through a veritable garden spot brought them almost to the border by dark. On December 3, a bleak and rainy day, the Sauer River was crossed at Echternach, and the 151st Field Artillery stood on German soil. On the German side of the bridge a small group of civilians gazed stolidly at the American artillerymen. There was no demonstration and not a sign of German soldiers. All was quiet. This region was unharmed by the war; fine horses were seen plowing in the fields; the people were well dressed; there was plenty to eat and to buy, although at exorbitant prices. For six consecutive days the men marched toward the Rhine through a beautiful, rolling country, but the march was not a pleasant one. The roads, torn by the heavy traffic of four years of warfare, and wet with almost daily rains, were almost impassable for guns and caissons. Then, too, there was, to quote one of the participants in that march, a " succession of hill climbings and coastings, with hairpin curves every few hundred feet. Towering mountains rose before you, and a view of a winding road was lost in forest a short distance ahead. But with a series of twists and turns and a constant pull up grade after grade, you found yourself on the very top of the forest and the ribbon of road you had just left below looked like a cowpath. More mountains on all sides hemmed in your range of vision. There was a majestic grandeur about it all with its vast, deep silence, and it would have been more thrilling if one hadn't had to contemplate it all with I.. I a a THE REGIMENT CROSSING THE GERMAN FRONTIER AT ECHTERNACH ON DECEMBER 3, 1918 I~ ON THE RHINE 169 real doubt that one was going to make the next hill, and the next, and others beyond. "6 One feature of the march to the Rhine redeemed all unpleasantness, however. For the first time in many months the men had comfortable sleeping quarters. The billets, selected by officers who entered the towns in advance of the commands, were the best to be obtained. The German inhabitants, fearful of the anger of the victorious troops and eager to create a favorable impression, were as friendly as orders permitted and seldom protested against the use of spare bedrooms by American soldiers. December 4, another disagreeable day, was spent at Niederstaden. Bitberg and Malberg were entered on the fifth. At the latter place the Headquarters Company billeted in a castle several hundred years old which afforded a wonderful view of the surrounding country. Kyllburg and Densborn were reached on the sixth, Hillesheim, where the officers of the 1st Battalion entertained, on the eighth, and Nohn on the ninth. Here, in a beautiful, hilly, wooded country the regiment remained for five days, enjoying a much-needed rest. Two days more and the regiment was on the Rhine. On the thirteenth of December, at seven o'clock in the morning, the 3rd Corps, now composed of the 1st, 32nd, and 2nd divisions, sent its advance troops across the Rhine, and by the sixteenth garrisons had been established along the entire circumference of the bridgehead. On the left bank of the river the 4th Corps, under command of Major General Charles H. Muir, to which the 42nd Division had been transferred, supported the 3rd; corps headquarters were established at Cochem on the Moselle. Further to the rear the 7th Corps, its headquarters at Grevenmacher, was stationed in reserve near Treves. Army headquarters were now transferred to Coblenz. On the fourteenth the 151st left Nohn and marched to Diimpelfeld. On Sunday, December 15, the men marched from Diimpelfeld through the beautiful country bordering the banks of the Ahr River to Heppingen, their final destination. Vine-clad mountains in the distance furnished a picturesque background for the many 6Tompkins, Rainbow Division, 187. 170 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY beautiful summer resorts and wonderful chateaux which lay near by. On the whole, little excitement had been aroused by the march, and the population of the occupied territory made practically no disturbance. With few exceptions, the Germans all along the route manifested a docility and a willingness to obey which were somewhat unlooked for. Letters from members of the 151st to their families and friends frequently made mention of the cordial relations which were being established with German civilians. The latter cooked meals for the tired soldiers and served them drinks, often without pay. In fact it was the restriction of fraternization which became difficult rather than the prevention of hostility and altercations. In the light of later developments, American military authorities came to regard this friendly attitude of the Germans merely as part of a deep-laid scheme to obtain as lenient an occupation as possible. For when they became assured of fair treatment from the victorious armies they discarded the pretense and boldly attempted to take advantage of the Americans and to test the limit of their generosity. They began to overcharge for commodities and to wrangle about billets and other requisitions. The Third Army found it necessary to issue stringent orders against fraternization of any kind, which forbade intercourse with civilians for any purpose other than the transaction of business.7 But no orders could keep American soldiers from fraternizing with children. "Wo ist der Kaiser?" was the favorite question asked the children by the Americans. And inevitably the answer was, "Er ist kaput," which was not true, literally, but afforded the children great amusement as well as the soldiers. Nor could the older folk, some of them well along in years, be ignored altogether, for it is impossible to live in a house with a family, even if its members be technically enemies of one's country, without speaking-at least it was impossible for the American soldiers. 7Summary of Intelligence No. 180, December 7 to 8, 1918, Second Section, G. S., 42nd Division; De Chambrun and De Marenches, American Army, 316 -318; Tompkins, Rainbow Division, 224-227. ON THE RHINE In each town, in accordance with the terms of the armistice convention, the civil government was continued in charge of local authorities under the supervision of the American military. Whenever a tendency to resist the new regime manifested itself, it was the duty of the commanding officer to assert his authority, and occasionally this gave rise to unpleasant situations which necessitated stern measures. Courts were established throughout the occupied area for trying those who had broken military regulations and for adjusting differences between citizens and the military. In the case of Colonel Leach's court, this judicial duty was irksome rather than difficult. " It takes a great deal of time and patience," he wrote, " listening to the complaints of the citizens against each other and the excuses offered of those who have broken the military regulations." On one occasion the burgomaster of Neuenahr brought the complaints of several Germans against a Y.M.C.A. worker for taking seven pianos from their homes. The colonel sent for the offender. When he discovered that Miss Anita Churcher, in charge of the recreational theater, had taken the instruments to entertain the soldiers, he notified the burgomaster that he would collect as much rent as possible for them but that they would not be brought back. The area occupied by the division was in a well-populated, prosperous region, about halfway between Bonn and Coblenz. Division headquarters were established on the Ahr River at Ahrweiler, and regimental headquarters at Heppingen in the heart of the Apollinaris belt, ten kilometers from the Rhine. The batteries were quartered in Heppingen and in the neighboring town of Heimersheim. In accordance with the policy of placing ungarrisoned towns under the supervision of the commanding officer of garrisoned towns near by, the 151st was in control also of several smaller towns in the vicinity.8 Here, in one of the most beautiful valleys in all the Rhineland, in a region famous in song and story, which before the war had been the Mecca of thousands of German, English, and American summer tourists, the regiment was to remain for nearly four months. 8See page 322. 172 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY At historic Neuenahr were a dozen or more large hotels, an immense bathhouse, capable of accommodating two thousand soldiers at one time, and the beautiful Kaiser Wilhelm Park. Not content with the luxury of a bath in Apollinaris water for themselves, the men washed their horses and equipment in it. The place had an added interest for the Americans in the fact that Theodore Roosevelt visited here upon his return from Africa in 1910. Many who appreciated the scenic wonders of the region in which the 42nd Division was stationed one of the most beautiful in all Germany-made the most of their opportunities. Almost daily trips were made by automobile or on foot to points of historic interest or to the tops of some of the vine-covered hills near by. Occasionally passes to Coblenz, thirty miles away, were issued to the men; in February excursion trips on the Rhine to the Lorelei and to Bingen were arranged, which they throughly enjoyed. The ten-day leave to which every man with a clean record was entitled enabled those who wished to visit France to do so and served also to break the monotony. With the exception of sight-seeing, however, few opportunities for variety presented themselves, especially during the first month on the Ahr. Drill and target practice, which were resumed just before Christmas, usually occupied the mornings. A few maneuvers were also held: one at Sinzig on December 24; another between Polch and Coblenz on January 3; and one at Remagen at the end of the month. Complete plans were also worked out for the defense of the sector in the event of an attack. The dull routine of this life is described in the following letter of one of the corporals: We don't do very much now; just take care of the horses. At 6: 30 in the morning every one has to be up and out for reveille. Right after reveille the drivers take their horses to water and the canoneers get fed. After this is over with, we eat breakfast and are free to clean up in our rooms until eight, when we fall in again for drill call. For drill we get some physical exercises and a little of squads right, left, and right about. After this is over we feed our horses again for dinner before dismissed. At 12 o'clock we have dinner and then are free until 2:30 when we fall in to clean up harnesses, guns, or whatever else there may be. At 3 OCCUPIED TERRITORY RH/INELAND GKRMANYV DfCWeer I/,/9/d, fi AprlSt/ 9 9. LCGEND * _ oundrve- OeDi/v/ional_,5c.r -— s — Bo/r ohoo ry/f r Location ot Bafttry 2it/rn *5co/e in K,-o-Fer f e _r' a I Ir ON THE RHINE 173 o'clock we water and feed our horses for the evening and at four we stand retreat. After retreat we have supper and then are free until next morning. Our evenings are spent for the most part in our rooms and about 8 o'clock we go to bed. We are getting a chance to catch up for the sleep we lost while at the front.9 At Lohrsdorf, on January 11, the regiment passed in review before Major General Flagler, divisional commander. On February 16 he reviewed the entire division; for several days preceding, the colonel spent much of his time inspecting batteries, and the men in making preparations. On the day before, finishing touches were made and the colonel's pride was stirred as he made the final inspection. "They certainly look fine and I am proud of the Regiment," he wrote afterward. The regiment made a good appearance and was complimented by the reviewing officer. Due to the thoughtfulness of the people of Minneapolis and St. Paul, the men had as happy a Christmas as could be made possible; all of them of course longed for home as they had not done when they were on the front, but they made the best of the situation. The Elks' Glee Club had given a concert at the Minneapolis Auditorium on December 12, the proceeds of which-two thousand dollars —were sent to the 151st for the purchase of Christmas dinners. The German people have always made much of this holiday season, and with the coming of peace all their joy in it seems to have been revived. Orders against fraternization were forgotten when it became evident that the Germans wished to include the American soldiers in their celebration. Almost all of the men were the guests of German families with whom they shared a good dinner and an attractive Christmas-tree program on Christmas Eve. Early on Christmas morning the band serenaded the colonel before his billet. Later he visited all of the batteries and at noon inspected their dinners, which he found to be excellent. In the evening the talent in the regiment was used in a performance staged in the theater at Heimersheim. In January, Neuenahr, to which regimental headquarters had been moved on the thirteenth of that month, became the leave area 9Letter from Corporal Harry Sether to his mother, December 22, 1918, in the Jackson Republic, January 31, 1919. 174 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY of the Third Army. The town had a large theater which was appropriated for the entertainment of the soldiers, where about two thousand of them found recreation daily. Every evening a good program was provided by the amusement directors. One evening late in January the film, "A Mile of Smiles," arrived and was shown in this theater. It had been filmed under the auspices of the Home Folks' Association and depicted home scenes. That the men appreciated it is revealed by Colonel Leach's note: " It was a wonderful picture, and from the comments heard of its reception by the Regiment, I could write a book. The people at home could not have done a finer thing. There were several men in the Regiment who had babies born since they left and saw them for the first time in their mothers' arms." On the evening of January 31 the regiment entertained in honor of the members of the Coblenz Opera Company, which had given a performance at the theater. On several other occasions Colonel Leach entertained for his officers. On the evening of January 12 he invited them to the Hotel Palast at Neuenahr, and three weeks later the noncommissioned officers were given a band concert and a vaudeville performance. During January the army also put into operation an athletic program which had been worked out to save the men from the restlessness and discontent which so often accompanies inactivity. A three-day tournament between the 2nd Canadian and the Rainbow divisions, including contests in baseball, soccer football, tugsof-war, indoor baseball, wrestling, and boxing, resulted in a victory of 81 to 76 for the Americans. The events of the first day were staged at Bonn, those of the second at Neuenahr. In a battle between Private Charles McCarthy of the 151st and a Canadian boxer, the former upheld the honor of his regiment by carrying off the victory. Less fortunate was the football team representing the Rainbow Division and including several men of the 151st, which was defeated 7 to 0 in a game played on February 6 with a team from the 4th Division. A ball game at Bonn closed the contest. In the basketball tournaments the Minnesota regiment's teaml came within one of winning a chance to compete for the A.E.F. championship. The Gopher "basket tossers" won the brigade ON THE RHINE 175 championship in the latter part of February by the defeat of the 150th (1st Indiana) Field Artillery team, and the divisional championship by the defeat, on March 6 and 9, respectively, of teams representing the 165th (69th New York) Infantry and the 151st Machine Gun Battalion from Georgia. With the help of one outsider, a member of the defeated New York team, the Minnesota boys, then playing as the 42nd Division team, on March 14, at Andernach, defeated a team representing the 4th Division, thereby capturing the 4th Corps championship. One more victory, this time over a team representing the 3rd Corps, would have given the Minnesota team the championship of the Third Army and a chance to compete in the finals for the A.E.F., but in that event the men would have had to remain in France after their division had left for home. The Minnesota boys gave the 3rd Corps team a hard battle at Neuweid on March 27, but it is said their hearts were not in the game and at any rate they lost.10 During the weeks spent in Germany, as well as all through the war, the famous regimental band constituted an important factor in the maintenance of the high morale of the unit. Under the leadership of Michael M. Jalma, who had attended school after the armistice and received a lieutenant's commission, good concerts were frequently given. Arthur A. Myers and James H. Kelly of Boston, sent to the regiment as replacements and found to be trained vocalists, added an enjoyable feature to the musical entertainments. With two others of the 151st they constituted a quartet which was capable of some fine work. In March more than six hundred men, elected by the different units of the Rainbow Division, met in the Casino at Neuenahr to perfect a national Rainbow Division society which should perpetuate the memories and ideals of that famous organization. Side 10The members of the team, according to divisional orders issued at the time of the Andernach and Neuweid games, were all men from the 151st except Captain W. J. Cassidy of the 165th Infantry. The others were as follows: Lieutenants Edward M. Brown, Henry W. Brockenbrough, Sergeants Oscar C. Chiristianson, William J. Connolly, Corporals Harold A. Bunger, Einar T. Petterson, Max von Domarus, Frank West, Privates Hubert Cave, Daniel M. Daeley, Don A. Jenkins, Carl Jylha, and James B. Rooney. Special mention should be made of the fine playing of Cassidy at center, West and Connolly at forward, and Christianson, Jylha, and Rooney at guard. 176 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY by side with officers sat the privates of the delegation; without consciousness of inferior rank, they voiced their opinions of various measures proposed. Colonel Benson W. Hough of the 166th (4th Ohio) Infantry was made first president and Colonel Leach of the 151st, first treasurer of the Rainbow Veterans' Association. Birmingham, Alabama, was designated the first meeting place, and a happy choice it proved when, in July, 1921, the first annual convention was held in that city. A few weeks later the Minnesota echelon of the association was organized, Lieutenant Colonel John H. McDonald being chosen to serve as president and Sergeant Horace G. Whitmore, as secretary. Perhaps nothing touched the hearts of the American people more than did the deaths of those who had survived strenuous training, an ocean voyage fraught with peril, enemy shells, and disease, only to succumb to illness after all warfare was over. Nine members of the 151st were laid away on German soil. In January an epidemic of influenza broke out in the regiment and by the first of February thirty per cent of its members were afflicted, and a number died. The moment any sign of illness manifested itself, a man was sent to the hospital, but the utmost precaution failed to prevent the deaths of Captain William E. Word, Jr., of Richmond, Virginia; Sergeant Fred H. Warwick of St. Paul; and Privates Fred H. Bloomster of Smethport, Pennsylvania, Herman Johnson of St. Paul, Samuel S. Kieffer of Ravine, Pennsylvania, Joseph W. King of Houma, Louisiana, John G. Robison of Tyrone, Pennsylvania, Alvin F. Sipple of Jeddo, Pennsylvania, Axel L. Thompson of Renwick, Iowa, and Joseph E. Wootton of New Orleans. Private Edwin Stellmacher of Marshall, Minnesota, who had been a member of the regiment until December, 1918, when he was transferred to the Military Police Company of the 42nd Division, also died in Germany. Another victim of disease after the armistice was Thomas C. Lee, who died of pneumonia on November 25. In March it became known that the 42nd Division was soon to be released. On the sixteenth the entire division was reviewed by General Pershing. At daybreak on the morning of the review the six batteries of the 151st marched down the Rhine to Re ON THE RHINE 177 magen and assembled on the bank near the Ludendorff Bridge. The day was bitter cold and the men were obliged to stand in line for hours, but in spite of their discomfort the review passed off "with a snap. " It was an impressive sight. The commander-inchief created a sensation when he stopped for five minutes during the review to chat with "Dad" Whitmore, first sergeant of the regimental supply company, who had been a student cadet in the University of Nebraska when Lieutenant Pershing was commandant of cadets there. On this occasion, also, another award of the Croix de Guerre was made, the man thus honored being Private Edward J. Krompasky, for bravery displayed during the St. Mihiel drive. At the close of the review the general addressed the men of the division as follows: I am going to take advantage of this opportunity, during my inspection of the 42nd Division, to express to you my thanks and appreciation for the splendid, efficient and loyal service that has been rendered by the Division as a whole and by the individual members of the different units. It is not very often that I have an opportunity of speaking in a personal way to the individual members of this tremendous organization. So, I cannot let you leave the scenes of your splendid victories without expressing to you my thanks. Entering the war when our allies were in a low state of morale, they took new courage when war was declared by America, but when the splendid divisions, partially trained though they were, entered the fighting line it was then that they took new life and a new spirit of aggressiveness. When our troops first participated in battle they demonstrated without question their character and their quality as soldiers, and the reputation that they established in those early days continued through to the end without cessation. Our forces, beginning with Cantigny, of glorious memory, on down through Chateau Thierry, the Marne, Aisne, St. Mihiel, and the final great victory, exclusively under American arms, the MeuseArgonne, which really did more to end the war than any other single victory. There never was a defeat; our troops were never stopped. Isn't it a splendid record? Isn't it something to carry back with you in your minds? I want this impression to be firmly established in the mind of every single member of the American Expeditionary Forces. Let there be no belittlement of the achievement of the American Expeditionary Forces! Let there be no diminution of the glory that has been achieved by these forces! How has it been achieved? By the individual effort of the individual men who were consecrated to the duty they were sent over here to perform. 178 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY There has been in the hearts and minds of every man of these forces a spiritual uplift, a spiritual devotion, to the cause which no army can boast of, which no army that ever existed can boast of. That is what has made our achievement possible. That is why we are celebrating the victories that we celebrate today. And so I say let nobody before you or within your hearing diminish the achievements or belittle the efforts of the American Expeditionary Forces and the part that America has played. It is to your splendid valor, to your splendid gallantry, to your courage, to your willingness to endure hardship without complaint, to your devotion to your duties as soldiers that these things have been made possible. It will be a proud day when you return to your people, to our people, and tell them that story, because the more it is told the greater will be the glory to American arms and the greater will be the credit that America will have. In departing for your homes, as I hope you will do at an early date, carry with you these thoughts, and as you march down the streets with victory emblazoned upon your banners carry back that other victory which we have striven so hard to achieve- the victory of morality. It will be a fine thing for every man of these forces to return home and say that he belonged to the most splendid army of modern times, composed of the finest personnel —an army which fought in the greatest cause for which man ever fought- an army which represented the greatest nation on earth today-and that, still that army, after serving two years in a foreign country, under circumstances of more than ordinary temptations returned home absolutely clean. That is the victory that 1 want you to carry back home alongside of the splendid military victory that you have started off with. It has been a privilege for every man who belongs to the American Expeditionary Forces to represent his country here. It has been a privilege which came to few. It has been a privilege which has never before come to any American. It is something to be proud of —just to have served here - just to have been here in the most modest, in the most humble capacity. That privilege has given you an opportunity to devote yourself, as I have said, to this great cause. The result has been a broadening of vision to each individual man. The result has been a strengthening of character to each individual man. It has given him a greater power for good. It has given him something to be proud of, something to carry home with him that he didn't have when he came over. It has also brought to him new obligations, new obligations as a man; and when you men return home I am sure that you are carrying back with you the splendid integrity of purpose which has made our achievements possible here in this war. I am sure that you are going to live through whatever occupation you may choose, whatever profession you may follow, I am sure you are going to enter it with the same integrity of purpose, with the same purpose, with the same resolve to ON THE RHINE 179 do your best, and with the same intention of living the splendid example there before our people that you have lived here. It will be a fine thing, then, if this experience here, means that to you there. I can only close by expressing to you as an individual -as your Commander-in-Chief, my very sincere thanks for your earnest support, the support of the individuals who have composed this organization. The achievements we have to our credit would not have been accomplished without that splendid support. We would not be celebrating the victory that we are celebrating today. And so, I not only owe to you as individuals my sincere thanks, but the country owes it to you, and I express to you my own thanks, the thanks of your fellows in the American Expeditionary Forces, and the thanks of the country. Without the combined effort of us all I would not be congratulating you today. I may not have the pleasure of seeing you collectively as I am seeing you today before you leave for your homes, but I hope that that time will very soon come and that you will soon receive the acclaim and the congratulations from the American people which is your splendid due. I thank you very much. Before his departure the next day, General Pershing made a detailed inspection of the horses and material belonging to the division. As the 151st marched to its position the men carried with them all their cleaning paraphernalia. The horses were all groomed once more, their hoofs painted black, and the carriages washed. The fine appearance which both horses and men presented won the approval of the commander-in-chief, who praised the regiment in no uncertain terms. A few days later General Pershing addressed a letter to Major General Flagler in which he expressed the great satisfaction he had derived from his inspection of the division and the opportunity to extend at that time to both officers and men his appreciation of their splendid record. He took occasion to review briefly once more their achievements and to state that for "their splendid conduct and demeanor" during the occupation of the Rhine valley, he had only words of praise. " I want each man to realize," he concluded, " the part he has played in bringing glory to American arms, and to understand both my pride and the pride of their fellows throughout the American Expeditionary Forces in their record. My good wishes accompany your command on its return to the United 180 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY States, and my interest will remain with its members in their future careers. "11 On March 17, after General Pershing's review, the division received orders which relieved it from further duty with the 4th Corps and designated it as army reserve. On March 22 telegraphic orders relieved the 151st from all duty with the Third Army and placed it under the commanding general of the Service of Supply, preparatory to embarkation for the United States. In spite of their impatience to sail for home, it was not entirely without feelings of regret that the Minnesota gunners awaited their turn. A farewell ball was given by the officers on the evening of April 1, to which were invited all the welfare workers and officers of other regiments in the vicinity, and on the fifth the band gave its last concert in the Palast Hotel. No higher tribute was received by the Minnesota artillery regiment than that from the inhabitants of the occupied territory, when the men finally departed. A bulletin issued by the Intelligence Service on March 29 read: "It is widely rumored among the German people that the 42nd Division is on the point of return to America and the Germans are anxious to know what troops will replace them. They say that their conduct and administration has been so considerate that they fear the advent of anyone else. "12 The departing soldiers had not changed their ideas of the German Kaiser, of German militarism, or of the people who stood for militarism, but during their stay in Germany they had let it be known that they had not been fighting women and children and that they played the game as Americans play it. " We don't want you to go," said a German woman, one who had lost most of the members of her family in the war; "you Americans have treated us better than our own soldiers treated us when they were quartered here. We want you to stay. Whom will they send here in your places? " "Transmitted to the various units of the division in Memorandum No. 74, Headquarters 42nd Division, March 25, 1919. 12Leach, War Diary, 191. ON THE RHINE 181 Before his departure from Neuenahr, Colonel Leach received from the burgomaster of the town a resolution expressing the latter's appreciation of the fairness of the American police administration and a beautiful souvenir book which the colonel was happy to accept in spite of the fact that he was probably acting against the regulations. As the men marched away from the Rhineland towns, homeward bound at last, women and old men, some of them weeping, followed to bid them good-by. Children ran along the line, shaking hands with their particular friends. All of them, in the eyes of the law, were still the enemies of the American soldier; but the latter's consideration for them had won him a friendship much more real than their technical enmity. At six-thirty on the morning of April 9, the regiment was on its way to Brest in the inevitable 40 Hommes-8 Chevaux cars. X. THE HOME-COMING1 For three long, wearisome days, days of unbroken monotony, the box cars carrying the regiment crawled across France. Never did journey's end bring to travelers greater sense of relief than it did to the officers and men of the 151st Field Artillery upon their arrival at Brest on the morning of Saturday, April 12, 1919. They marched immediately to the embarkation camp where they were " deloused, de-odorized, and sometimes to my notion," says the colonel, " defamed." It was here at Brest that Colonel Leach received from the French government one of the highest honors in its power to bestow upon a soldier, the cross of the Legion of Honor. Two more tedious days, days of excited anticipation of the homeward journey, and then at last orders to embark. At nine o'clock on Wednesday morning, April 16, the colonel boarded the cruiser Huntington and was assigned quarters by Captain Kellogg, and two hours later the entire regiment came on deck. Just before the vessel sailed, the French staged one of those little ceremonies so indicative of a certain phase of their character. A launch was sent out from one of their battleships, the occupants of which, an artillery colonel, a colonel of the French mission, and a personal representative of the President, came aboard the American vessel to pay to their departing allies the last respects of their grateful countrymen. They made the Americans feel many times repaid for any services rendered to France. Two hours later the vessel steamed out of the harbor and the second lap of the journey had begun. The ship was crowded to its maximum capacity of two thousand, a circumstance which made it impossible to serve more than 'This chapter is based for the most part on Colonel Leach's War Diary, from which quotations not otherwise credited are taken; the St. Paul Dispatch, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, the St. Paul Daily News, the Minneapolis Tribune, and the Minneapolis Journal for May 7, 8, and 9, 1919; and a special edition of the St. Paul Dispatch and St. Paul Pioneer Press for May 8, 1919, which contains the message of Benedict Crowell quoted on page 190. 182 THE HOME-COMING 183 two meals a day, but every one was happy. Captain Kellogg won the gratitude of officers and men alike by his generosity in giving the men the entire freedom of the vessel and by the unfailing courtesy with which he and his officers treated their passengers. Both naval and army officers on board did everything in their power to occupy the soldiers during this trip, which at best must have proved a tedious one to men whose every thought and dream was now of home, family, and friends. Prize fights were arranged, vaudeville performances staged, band concerts given daily, and a newspaper published. News and concerts were received by radio, including a band concert from the President Washington, then approaching France. On Easter Day, a beautiful day at sea, services were held on deck in the morning and an excellent concert was given in the afternoon. In spite of crowded conditions, the discipline continued to be so excellent that on several occasions it elicited high praise from the officers of the ship. On Friday, April 25, eight days after leaving France, the men caught sight of American soil. Their emotions at this moment, after an absence of eighteen months, packed with the experiences which only war can bring, are more easily imagined than described. The ship was two days ahead of its schedule, but this made it no easier for the troops to bear with patience the delay which occurred at Sandy Hook, where they were obliged to lie for a number of hours because of inclement weather. Finally the sea became calm once more, the Huntington resumed its journey, and on Saturday morning it sailed into New York harbor. As the transport steamed slowly up the harbor a very small launch made its appearance and circled around the ship. On it was a man who began to shout and wave his hat as the launch approached. It was some time before the man was recognized as O. P. B. Jacobson, a member of the Minnesota Railroad and Warehouse Commission and the father of a 151st soldier. Mr. Jacobson, who in his earlier life had been a sailor, was the first Minnesotan to meet the incoming vessel, and when his identity was established the men on deck gave him an enthusiastic greeting. Senator Frank B. Kellogg, Colonel William H. Donahue, James F. Ells, Leopold Metzger, Donald E. MacLennan, and other 184 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Minnesotans who had organized themselves into a committee of welcome came out on the government tug Lexington, and Senator Kellogg came aboard to welcome the regiment and its commander.2 In the afternoon the ship docked at Brooklyn and by six o'clock that evening the last member of the 151st had disembarked. After dinner, served at the pier, the regiment took the ferry to Weehawken, New Jersey, where the men boarded troop trains for Camp Merritt. About two miles from camp they detrained and from there marched into camp —" and more delousers!" On the next morning, Sunday, April 27, arrived the Minnesota committee of welcome, consisting of Governor Joseph A. A. Burnquist, Adjutant General Walter F. Rhinow, Secretary of State Julius A. Schmahl, Mayor Lawrence C. Hodgson of St. Paul, and representatives of the home folks' associations of many of the smaller towns. Captain Hugh H. Barber, who had been evacuated home after being wounded at Chalons, was also with the committee, and Colonel Leach took this opportunity to present him with the Croix de Guerre, which he had won for his courage in remaining with his battery for twenty-four hours after being hit. About three o'clock on Sunday afternoon, after all the men had passed through the delousing plant, half of them were given passes to New York, while the others were put to work moving the regiment into barracks. During the week that the regiment was stationed at Camp Merritt this plan of alternating passes of half of the men with those of the other half was continued. A certain amount of clerical work was necessary in preparation for demobilization and every one took his turn at it as well as at guard duty. All not so occupied were given their freedom from six o'clock in the morning until ten at night, when those not on leave were obliged to be in quarters. A considerable number of the replacement troops did not accompany the regiment to Camp Dodge and these departed for 2Since the Huntington was not expected to arrive at New York until April 28, Governor Burnquist and other state officials who had planned to meet the segiment upon its arrival had traveled then only as far as Ohio. They did not meet the 151st until its arrival at Camp Merritt. THE HOME-COMING 185 their respective demobilization camps before the main body of the unit. The first group of five hundred left on Sunday, April 27, and the last of them three days later. The departure of these men, as well as that of the entire 166th (4th Ohio) Infantry on April 29, could not fail to increase the excitement and restiveness of the others. Orders in effect at that time revealed that the 151st was to entrain for Camp Dodge a week later, on Tuesday, May 6. In the meantime another order of General Flagler's, made public on April 29, served further to stimulate the pride of the entire Rainbow Division in its organization. It read as follows: As the Rainbow Division has reached the closing days of its military service, the commanding general desires to recite in orders the salient features of the service of the 151st Field Artillery. After a period of strenuous, intensive training at Camp Coetquidan, the 151st Field Artillery, at last equipped and ready for the line, proceeded to Lorraine, where at Luneville it rejoined the Forty-Second Division in February and first faced the enemy. With the elements of the Division and some French units, it had a final fire experience for a few weeks and then took over its share of the 16-kilometer Baccarat sector, the first divisional sector entrusted to American forces in the great war. Here, for over 100 days-the longest period any American Division held a sector - in snow, rain, cold and heat, it manfully did its duty against an alert and experienced foe. Facing high explosive and gas shelling, aerial bombs, and all the vicissitudes of active sector warfare, the Regiment, by its instantaneous and accurate response to all calls, gained the respect and confidence of the Infantry, and drew the highest praise from the French Command. After this long stretch of uninterrupted front line service, the 151st Field Artillery moved with the Division to the battlefront in Champagne, where, in the great general offensive of July 15th, it poured in a volume of accurate fire, which, for rapidity and duration, was at that time unprecedented, and bore a splendid share in the bloody repulse which ended Germany's dreams of world conquest. Close on the heels of this defensive battle, the Division moved into the attack north of Chateau Thierry, where the 151st Field Artillery again showed its high spirit and fine efficiency by doing its share in the difficult advance across the Ourcq, overcoming obstacles of extreme difficulty in the mere movement of its material and giving splendid assistance, not only to the Infantry of the Forty-Second Division, but also remaining after the divisional relief to assist the fresh division which continued the attack. 186 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Having been on the line and under fire almost continuously from February until August, the 151st Field Artillery had begun a well earned rest in the Bourmont area when the condition of the Western front suddenly reached a point where no first class troops could be spared, and the Forty-second Division was summoned to participate in the St. Mihiel operation. After a preparatory fire of terrific violence, the Regiment made arduous and dangerous advance to the new line which succeeded the salient, giving fine support to its Infantry, and then helped to establish and hold the new front. From St. Mihiel the Division moved directly to the Argonne, and the 151st Field Artillery gave its efficient aid to the American attack before Montfaucon before the Division, as a whole, was engaged. It took part with the Division in the attack upon the bitterly defended front toward St. Georges, Landres-et-St. Georges. and, after the Division had been relieved, it remained long enough to aid a fresh Division in breaking through at that point. Having completed this operation, it once more joined the Division and lent its impetus to the 19-kilometer advance through incredible difficulties to terrain and enemy activity toward Sedan and continued its valuable front line service until the divisional relief, just before the Armistice. From Sedan the 151st Field Artillery with weary men, exhausted animals, and material which had had little chance for overhauling in many months -marched overland across France, Belgium, Luxemburg, and Germany to the Rhine, drawing praise for its soldierly bearing and fine discipline as it moved, and finally formed a part of the American Army of Occupation in Germany. The Division Commander, with pride and pleasure, expresses his appreciation of the gallantry, endurance, efficiency, and high morale of the 151st Field Artillery and its service overseas. Minnesota may well be proud of this magnificent Regiment.3 On Saturday, May 3, orders were received which placed the departure of the regiment on the following Monday instead of on Tuesday. Sunday was spent in making final preparations. The men were wild with excitement; scarcely a one slept that night. The following message was sent to St. Paul: " The men in the Regiment are feeling fine. We are looking forward to the arrival in Minnesota. Every man and officer is anxious to get home. We know a welcome awaits us. The folks at home will not be any happier than we shall, however." At five o'clock on Monday morning all leaves expired and by eight the two Erie train sec 3Leach, War Diary, 198. THE HOME-COMING 187 tions carrying the regiment had left Camp Merritt behind and the last lap of the journey had begun. Forty-eight more long hours had to be lived before they finally arrived in St. Paul. The journey was an uneventful one. Few stops were made; even at Chicago the transfer from the Erie to the Great Western was made as quickly as possible and the journey continued. Both railroads did their utmost to make the trip in record time, not only for the sake of the impatient boys, but also that the railroad equipment might be promptly released for the transportation of other troops. And then, at last, on Thursday morning, the eighth of May, the familiar fields, woods, and streams of Minnesota came into view. As the troop trains passed through the villages the gunners were hailed with cheers from the people at the stations. At Kenyon the troops were greeted by a crowd of citizens who had hurried to the station upon the first sound of the fire bells announcing the approach of the trains; at Inver Grove, a few miles beyond, crowds again lined the platform; before South St. Paul was reached the men could hear the welcoming sirens; at this place also the population came en masse to the depot to express its welcome to the returning soldiers. By six o'clock, two hours before the first troop train was scheduled to arrive, thousands had already gathered at the old St. Paul Union Depot. Many had traveled all night from oultlying towns. These and thousands more - forty thousand in all, it was estimated - swarmed on the platforms when, at ten minutes after eight, a shout "they're coming" went up in response to the engine whistle which announced the approach of the first of the special trains. All over town the news was proclaimed by a siren chorus; at the station bells were rung, whistles blown, flags waved, and mighty shouts sent up. And then presently the engine came in sight; a few moments more of almost unbearable suspense and the coaches had arrived. Every car had its slogan - "At the End of the Rainbow - Home," "From the Rhine to the Mississippi," and others. And then they stopped to unload their crowd of happy, excited passengers amidst "a sea of wives, 188 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY mothers, sisters, fathers, some of them wearing the uniform of the Union Army." An interval of an hour elapsed before the second section arrived at nine o'clock, during which it was attempted to line up the earlier arrivals, at Smith Park, for the march to the parade rendezvous. But it was a difficult task, for the happy, joyous mothers and friends could not be restrained, and all along the line they dashed up to the men and marched along by their sides. At last the second section arrived and orders were given to march to the Capitol, where the parade line was formed. Shortly after ten o'clock was given the word which set the parade in motion. In the lead was a platoon of mounted police, followed by a band; then came Colonel George C. Lambert, former commander of the 151st and chief marshal of the day, and his aides, General Elias D. Libbey and Lieutenant Colonel Gates A. Johnson, Jr., Governor Burnquist, several other state officials, Mayor Hodgson, and members of the St. Paul city council followed in automobiles. Next came the first division, headed by Colonel William D. Mitchell and composed of the units, including the band, of the 6th Infantry, Minnesota National Guard, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Frederick G. Stutz. Now could be glimpsed the flying colors of the Rainbow Division and those of the 151st Field Artillery, and presently the long line of Gopher gunners was passing. In the lead were the marshal, Colonel William J. Murphy, and his aides. Colonel Leach walked at the head of his men in company with Lieutenant Colonel John H. McDonald. Following the band were the Headquarters Company, the Supply Company, and the six batteries in order. For an instant a hush fell upon the crowd of spectators all along the line as the men of the 151st passed before them, and then came a spontaneous burst of cheers which threatened to drown the loud clear tones of the regimental band. The police had all they could do to keep free a lane for the advancing parade. In the third division, led by Major Noyes C. Robinson and his aides, and following the artillerymen, were nurses and wounded soldiers from Fort Snelling. Other returned service men were in THE HOME-COMING 189 the last section, which was led by Colonel Frank M. Matson and his aides. From the starting place at University Avenue and Cedar Street the route led south on Cedar to Aurora Avenue, and west on Aurora to Park Avenue. As the regiment passed before the throngs crowding the Capitol slope, five hundred members of the St. Paul municipal chorus burst into patriotic songs. Eight thousand community singers, organized into choruses, were scattered among the crowds all along the line of march and these led the singing of the spectators. From Park and Aurora avenues the troops marched south to Central Avenue, east along this street to Cedar Street, then south to Summit Avenue, east to Robert Street, south to Ninth, east to Wacouta, south to Sixth, west to St. Peter, south to Fifth, and up Fifth Street to Smith Avenue, where they disbanded. On Sixth Street, at Wabasha, a huge triumphal arch spanned the line of march. As the long column of Minnesota artillerymen approached it, Colonel Leach ordered them to halt and permit the eight hundred wounded to pass through first. Bursts of cheering broke from the crowds as they caught the significance of the act. He then permitted Lieutenant Colonel McDonald, a resident of St. Paul, to lead the regiment through the arch. In front of the postoffice, on Fifth Street, a reviewing stand had been erected in which were seated Representative Carl C. Van Dyke, Postmaster Otto N. Raths, and other officials. More than two hundred thousand persons, it was estimated, witnessed the parade. All along the route the crowds, wild with excitement, thronged the walks and surged into the streets, and it was only with the utmost difficulty that the municipal police, one hundred and fifty of whom were on duty in dress uniform, could keep a lane free for the advance of the marchers. As one account put it, St. Paul "temporarily increased her population by more than 10,000 souls, reduced her boundary lines from an area of 55.44 square miles to the territory bounded by University ave nue on the north, Wacouta street and Smith avenue on the east and west, respectively, and the river on the south." 4 Boys sat in 4St. Paul Dispatch, May 8, 1919. 190 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY every tree and on every signboard along the route. Every window was packed with spectators and on every roof dozens more occupied perilous positions. Trucks and wagons were converted into impromptu reviewing stands. After the parade the various units were served dinners at clubs, hotels, and cafes —the 151st at the St. Paul Athletic Club and the St. Paul Hotel, where girls of the War Camp Community Service acted as waitresses and orchestras furnished music. Dinner over, they left on the trolley for Minneapolis, where another celebration was held in the afternoon. In Minneapolis these scenes were re-enacted. As in St. Paul, more than two hundred thousand thronged the district through which-the regiment was to pass. At three o'clock it left Bridge Square, moved up Nicollet Avenue, across Tenth Street, and out Harmon Place to the parade grounds at the armory. Again immense crowds of old and young, cheering and singing, formed solid human walls on both sides of the line; they crowded windows, roofs, and parapets, as the artillerymen marched at attention through the town. In the evening a ball was given at the armory in honor of the men. A message received from Benedict Crowell, acting secretary of war, read as follows: The War Department is proud to join in the welcome accorded to the returned soldiers of the 151st Regiment of Field Artillery. This unit of our Rainbow division, composed of contingents drawn from all parts of our common country, did noble and effective work in France, particularly in the offensive following Chateau Thierry, at St. Mihiel and in the Argonne campaigns. Because of its unique composition, the Rainbow Division is one in which the country's pride is especially keen, and it is one of the most highly gratifying facts of the war that the work of the Rainbow Division was in every way worthy of representing the whole nation, in consecration of its task, in determination and in success. As the units composing the Rainbow Division represented all sections of the country, so its distinguished discharge of its duty typified the spirit of the whole people. The War Department congratulates the people of the Twin Cities and the surrounding territory upon the return of those men who have so finely delivered in France a full measure of contribution from themselves and those who sent them. I'.d 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >1>J i. y vi ~-.p WELCOMING THE REGIMENT AT ST. PAUL, MAY 8, 1919 [From a photograph in the possession of the Brioschi-Minuti Company, St. Paul, designers of the Victory Arch. The artillerymen are marching west on Sixth Street.] 8 THE HOME-COMING 191 Original orders called for entrainment for the demobilization camp at Des Moines at eight o'clock on the same evening, but through efforts of state officials and of Colonel Leach, these plans were canceled and departure was postponed until the next night. Of what followed these orders Colonel Leach wrote in his diary: " It now is necessary that I make a confession. I make it because it gives me more pride in the 151st than almost any other single accomplishment of that fighting Regiment. I was under strict orders today from the War Department not to let the Regiment get out of my hands until the men were all safely in the fold at Camp Dodge. But why not? I had faith in those men, and in their people. I gave orders which dismissed them for 24 hours. They were told to do as they pleased provided they were at the station tomorrow night to entrain for Camp Dodge." All the next day the commander was on nettles. Would some fail to appear? But his faith in them was fully justified, and it was a happy and proud colonel who wrote in his diary on the tenth: "Here let me set down at once - every man of the Regiment kept his word and was on the train when it pulled out of the station last night. " At Des Moines the artillerymen received another warm welcome from the citizens of the town and from the 168th (3rd Iowa) Infantry, which they had supported during the war. The discharge of the 890 Minnesotans of the 151st Field Artillery was effected without ceremony in little more than half a day. From one barrack to another in the discharge zone they were hurried. They had arrived shortly before noon; by four o'clock the first group had had their physical examinations, received their final pay, and were discharged; by nine o'clock the task was finished.5 At a brief ceremony on May 23 the regimental colors were presented to the state at the Capitol. Colonel Leach, his staff, 5Colonel Leach, a few wounded soldiers who had not sufficiently recovered to pass the physical examination, and a number of the other officers were not discharged until later. Colonel Leach was retained for a time as a regular army officer and assigned to duty in the artillery school at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. During the summer of 1919 attempts were made to reorganize the 151st as a state unit, but, as in the case of similar attempts all over the country, they were unsuccessful because the men were tired of military life. On October 22 the adjutant general, pursuant to authority received from the war department, 192 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and the regimental color guard marched up the front steps while the band played. As the colors were presented to Governor Burnquist the band played the " Star-Spangled Banner" and the crowd stood bareheaded. After his speech of acceptance. the governor turned them over to Lieutenant Colonels Frederick G. Stutz and Henry A. Bellows of the National Guard, who, with the color guard, arranged them in the cases assigned for the purpose in the rotunda of the Capitol. The colors include the regimental standards and the eight battery and company guidons. Upon the silver bands which encircle the standards are engraved the names of the engagements in which the regiment took part. issued an order by which the 4th Regiment, Minnesota Infantry, National Guard, was converted into the 1st Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, National Guard, to be commanded by Colonel Leach. Two years later, in a letter of October 21, 1921, the chief of the militia bureau authorized the change of designation from 1st Field Artillery to 151st Field Artillery and an order to that effect was issued by the state adjutant general on November 21. DOCUMENTS INTRODUCTION A group of carefully selected official documents constitutes a desirable addition to any volume dealing with a special phase of military history. Documents of this sort serve in the first place to support and verify the statements contained in the accompanying narrative. They also afford to those who may be interested an opportunity to secure more detailed and technical information than can be conveniently included in the narrative, which should be more or less popular in character. Official orders and reports, moreover, contain information which illustrates certain aspects of military life and activity better than can possibly be done in a narrative. For example, even the most cursory examination of those which follow will give a vivid impression of the tremendously complex character of modern military operations. Moreover, it is believed that these documents will prove to be of particular interest to those who participated in the operations to which they relate. Many of the officers and men of the 151st Field Artillery will undoubtedly now have an opportunity for the first time to read some of the orders under which they fought in France in 1918. The purpose of this collection of documents as defined above has determined what material should be selected. For it must be clearly understood that it represents only a selection and that in themselves the documents constitute a very small fraction of the large number of available military records which relate directly or indirectly to the 151st Field Artillery. No complete collection of such records could be printed in a volume of this size; moreover, many of them are too technical to be included even in the appendix to a popular volume of military history. In choosing the documents to be included, an effort has been made to select, first of all, those which illustrate the narrative. Orders and reports have been included which relate to the principal movements 195 196 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and operations of the regiment. A special effort has been made to secure documents which throw additional light upon the most important and critical operations, such as the battle along the Ourcq and the struggle for the C6te de Chatillon. Other material has been selected because of the light which it throws upon military life in general. Examples of the latter case are to be found in the report on the voyage to France and in reports of inspections. By far the greater number of the documents which are printed herewith have been secured from the files of the war department and from a private collection in the possession of Colonel George E. Leach, commander of the 151st Field Artillery. A very few have been secured elsewhere. The source of each document is indicated in the list which appears as a part of the table of contents. Some may at first be puzzled by the fact that many of the documents printed do not relate directly and specifically to the 151st Field Artillery. It will be noted that many of the orders and reports emanating from artillery and infantry brigade headquarters and from divisional, corps, and even army headquarters are included. It must be remembered, first, that in modern warfare the field artillery does not play an independent role, but that it assists and supports the infantry. Hence, in order that the operations of an artillery unit may be intelligible, it is necessary to know the mission and the general plan of employment of the infantry which it is supporting. In the second place, the operations of a unit as small as a regiment are necessarily affected and governed by orders from higher authority as well as by those issued at regimental headquarters. For this reason the selection of documents relating to a regiment presents a somewhat more difficult problem than that presented in the choice of similar records relating, say, to a division or to an army corps. Some of the documents relating to the 151st Field Artillery are of such interest and importance that they have been presented in the narrative. These have not been duplicated in the appendix. Many field and operation orders refer to accompanying maps. As these maps are not available, it has been impossible to include them in the present volume. However, the maps which have been specially prepared to accompany the narrative will enable the reader DOCUMENTS - INTRODUCTION 197 to follow, with little difficulty, the general course of the operations referred to in the documents. As already stated, the documents have been selected, primarily, with the idea of illustrating the narrative. This fact explains the method which has been followed in their arrangement. Orders and reports have been grouped under various heads corresponding in a general way to the principal phases in the history of the regiment, although it has not been considered necessary or advisable to make these subdivisions correspond exactly with the chapters of the narrative. An attempt has been made to present the documents in the order in which they would naturally be referred to by one following the narrative. In most instances the natural and logical order of arrangement is also the chronological one. Occasionally, however, the strictly chronological order has been abandoned in the interest of what has seemed a more logical and convenient arrangement. A few words of explanation concerning the nature of the documents which follow may perhaps be of value to the civilian and layman. Generally speaking, military documents may be roughly classified in two groups. The first of these is comprised of orders and directions governing future activities and operations; in it are included general orders, field orders, operation orders, and memoranda. The second group contains those documents which may be regarded as pertaining to activities or events which have already taken place, such as reports of operations, intelligence summaries, and letters of commendation. The layman is very likely to be confused by the distinction which is made between the various series of orders mentioned above, i.e., general orders, field orders, operation orders, and memoranda. Theoretically, the distinction is based on their general scope and purpose, but practically it is very difficult to draw any clear-cut line between the various series which were issued during the recent war. Their scope and contents varied with the headquarters issuing them. Directions which one commander might transmit in the form of field orders, another incorporated in operation orders, and vice versa. Attention should therefore be paid to the content rather than to the manner of designating the orders. 198 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Some of the documents included in this appendix owe their form and phraseology to our French allies. Some are rather awkward translations of French originals, and in some instances this accounts for the peculiar phraseology. Furthermore, it will be noted that the metric system is used in indicating distances and that in some orders and reports the French method of designating time is followed. The editing of military documents for publication presents many problems. Military orders and reports were originally prepared under great pressure and often under adverse conditions. Thus many irregularities and even errors in spelling and style crept in - errors unavoidable under the circumstances and in no sense a reflection upon those responsible for them. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected except in the case of proper names, which for several reasons have been spelled as in the original documents. Minor changes in spacing have been made for the sake of greater uniformity and of economy of space, but in no case has the wording been altered. Portions of certain documents have been omitted as unessential to the purpose in view, but these omissions have been severally noted, except in the case of certain addenda such as lists of names indicating to whom copies of the several orders and memoranda should be sent. With these exceptions the original documents have been reproduced as faithfully as possible. It is hoped that the following documents will prove useful to the general reader. It is also hoped and believed that they will possess a special, personal interest for the members of the 151st Field Artillery, many of whom will now, perhaps for the first time, understand fully the significance of orders the purpose of which was obscure at the time, although they were obeyed without question. MOBILIZATION STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS April 7, 1917. No. 41. I. The Commanding Officer of the First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., will order Batteries "D" and "E" to be mobilized at once, for duty in connection with the guaTding of food supplies in Minnesota. II. Colonel George E. Leach, commanding First Field Artillery, will assume personal command of said detachment, reporting direct to these headquarters. III. Subsistence will be furnished at not to exceed seventy-five cents a day per man. By command of the Governor. FRED B. WOOD, The Adjutant General. STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS April 9, 1917. No. 43. I. Colonel George E. Leach, commanding First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., will on this date muster into the service of the State a Battery at Minneapolis, Minn., to be known as Battery "F," First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G. II. He will make a report of such action to these headquarters, accompanying same with enlistment papers of said organization. By command of the Governor. FRED B. WOOD, The Adjutant General. STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS April 10, 1917. No. 44. I. To assist in carrying out the instructions given the Commanding Officer of the First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., in Special Orders No. 41, A.G.O., April 7, 1917, he will immediately proceed to mobilize all other organizations of his regiment, except the Band detachment of the Headquarters Company. II. Subsistence will be furnished as provided for in the above mentioned order. By command of the Governor. FRED B. WOOD, The Adjutant General. 199 200 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS May 4, 1917. No. 58. I. The First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., as soon as relieved by the First Regiment, Minnesota Infantry, N.G., in Federal service, will be withdrawn from active service and return to its home station. II. The officers and men of the Third Regiment, Minnesota Infantry, N.G., on duty at Duluth, as soon as relieved by the detachment of First Regiment, Minnesota Infantry, N.G., in Federal service, under command of Major Edson J. Andrews, will be withdrawn from active service and return to their home station. III. Captain M. Alfred Larson, Second Regiment, Minnesota Infantry, N.G., having tendered his resignation, the same is accepted and he is honorably discharged from the military service of the State, to date from April 27, 1917. By command of the Governor. FRED B. WooD, The Adjutant General. STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS May 7, 1917. No. 59. I. Paragraph one, Special Orders No. 58, is hereby revoked. II. Whereas the Federal government is assuming a portion of the duties for which the Minnesota National Guard was called out, the First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., is hereby relieved from the present guard duty, except Col. George E. Leach, two commissioned officers and two hundred enlisted men to be designated by the Commanding Officer, First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., for duty at such places as have been designated. III. Major John L. Haskins, Medical Corps, and two enlisted men of the Medical Corps, are hereby detailed for duty with the men designated for guard duty. IV. The present sick and injured will remain on the pay 'roll until discharged by the medical officer. V. Major William H. Hart, Quartermaster Corps, M.N.G., is hereby placed on active duty to date from May 4th, 1917. By command of the Governor. W. F. RHINOW, Military Secretary. STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL SPECIAL ORDERS May 16, 1917. No. 66. I. The Commanding Officer, First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., will see the owners of places guarded by his command and arrange DOCUMENTS 201 for the relief of the Guard now on duty and the protection of their property by the employment of private guards. II. The Minnesota Field Artillery will be relieved from guard duty at 12:00 noon, May 19th, 1917, except six non-commissioned officers and twentyfive privates, to be posted as designated from this office. III. Major John L. Haskins, Medical Corps, will remain on duty until the present sick and injured, who will be carried on the active roll until that time, are restored to duty by medical officer. By command of the Governor. W. F. RHINOW, Military Secretary. STATE OF MINNESOTA ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE ST. PAUL GENERAL ORDERS June 23, 1917. No. 9. 1. By direction of the President (telegram dated June 22, 1917, from the Secretary of War), the First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., is hereby called into the Federal service. 2. Colonel George E. Leach, commanding First Regiment, Minnesota Field Artillery, N.G., will assemble his regiment as soon as possible at Fort Snelling, Minn., for muster into the Federal service. 3. Pursuant to instructions received from the Central Department, Chicago, Ill. (telegram dated June 23, 1917), after being mustered into the Federal service the First Battalion will remain at Fort Snelling, Minn., and the Second Battalion will go to Fort Riley, Kansas. 4. Major Harry L. Brady, Property and Disbursing Officer, will ship at once all materiel pertaining to the First Battalion to Fort Snelling, Minn., and that pertaining to the Second Battalion, to Fort Riley, Kansas. By command of the Governor. W. F. RHINOW, Military Secretary, BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A PROCLAMATION [United States Statutes at Large, 40:1681] WHEREAS, the United States of America and the Imperial German Government are now at war, and having in view the consequent danger of aggression by a foreign enemy upon the territory of the United States and the necessity for proper protection against possible interference with the execution of the laws of the Union by agents of the enemy, I, WOODROW WILSON, President of the United States, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States and through the governors of the respective States, call into the service of the United States as of and from the dates hereinafter respectively indicated all members of the National Guard, and all enlisted members of the National Guard Reserve of the following States. who are not now in the service of the United States, except members of staff corps and departments not included in the personnel of tactical organizations, and except such officers of the National Guard as have been or may be specially notified by my authority that they will not be affected by this call, to wit: On July 15, 1917, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska; 202 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY On July 25, 1917, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Illinois, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. The members of the National Guard of the various States affected by this call will be concentrated at such places as may be designated by the War Department. II. And, under the authority conferred upon me by clause second of section one of the Act of Congress "to authorize the President to increase temporarily the military establishment of the United States," approved May 18, 1917, I do hereby draft into the military service of the United States as of and from the fifth day of August, nineteen hundred and seventeen, all members of the National Guard and all enlisted members of the National Guard Reserve of the following States, except members of staff corps and departments not included in the personnel of tactical organizations, and except such other officers of the National Guard as have been or may be specially notified by my authority that they will not be drafted, to wit: New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina. South Carolina. Tennessee, Illinois, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Indiana, Kentucky, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and California. III. All persons hereby drafted shall on and from the fifth day of August, nineteen hundred and seventeen, stand discharged from the militia, and, under the terms of section 2 of the Act of May 18, 1917, be subject to the laws and regulations governing the Regular Army, except as to promotions, so far as such laws and regulations are applicable to persons whose permanent retention in the military service on the active or retired list is not contemplated by law. IV. The members of each company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, or other organizations of the National Guard hereby drafted into the military service of the United States shall be embodied in organizations corresponding to those of the Regular Army. The officers not above the rank of colonel of said organizations of the National Guard who are drafted and whose offices are provided for in like organizations of the Regular Army, are hereby appointed officers in the Army of the United States in the arm, staff corps or department, and in the grades in which they now hold commission as officers of the National Guard, such appointments to be effective, subject to acceptance, on and from the fifth day of August, nineteen hundred and seventeen, and each of them, subject to such acceptance, is hereby assigned as of said date to the organization in the Army of the United States composed of those who were members of the organization of the National Guard in which at the time of draft he held a commission. The noncommissioned officers of the organizations of the National Guard the members of which are hereby drafted are hereby appointed noncommissioned officers in their present grade in the organizations of the Army composed of said members and shall in each case have the same relative rank as heretofore; and all other enlisted men are hereby confirmed in the Army of the United States in the grades and ratings held by them in the National Guard in all cases where such grades and ratings correspond to grades and ratings provided for in like organizations of the Regular Army, all such appointments of noncommissioned officers and confirmations of other enlisted men in their grades to be without prejudice to the authority of subordinate commanders in respect of promotions, reductions and changes in enlisted personnel. DOCUMENTS 203 V. Each organization of the military force hereby created will, until further orders, bear the same name and designation as the former organization of the National Guard of whose members it is composed. VI. All necessary orders for combining the organizations created by embodying therein members of the National Guard and National Guard Reserve hereby drafted into the military service of the United States into complete tactical units will be issued by the War Department. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. DONE at the City of Washington this third day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen, and of the [SEAL] Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty-first. WOODROW WILSON JOURNEY TO FRANCE AND TRAINING LECTURE DELIVERED BY CAPT. STIRLING,1 TO OFFICERS ABOARD U.S.S. PRES. LINCOLN, OCT. 25, 1917, AT 3:00 P.M. "I have brought you together here to discuss quickly, and more or less roughly, the question of lookouts and the disposition to be made of those on board, in case the ship is hit by a torpedo. There are two main formations: "Column" and "Line." The present formation is what they call the "Double Column." It is a very easy formation to keep where we have plenty of sea room. A long column, of course, is a very dangerous formation in submarine waters, because if the submarine should see the ship at the head of the column and attempt to torpedo it, and miscalculated, missing the first ship, it would most likely hit the second, missing the second, it would probably hit the third, and so on. If the formation is in a line, the submarine generally makes for the flank ship, because it does not want to find itself in the middle of the line, due to the danger of being rammed by a destroyer. If, then, it missed the flank ship it misses them all. You all know that the most effective way to avoid a submarine is by speed and zigzag. The higher the speed, and the greater the angle of zigzag, the more the submarine is baffled. The speed is for the purpose of making the question of firing a torpedo accurately more difficult of solution, and the zigzag so that it will be practically impossible to determine the location of the target when the submarine comes to the surface to take a look. I know all this has nothing to do with the question of lookouts, but I am giving it as a foundation for what is to follow. The lookout question is probably the most serious that we have to contend with. It is very hard for us to enthuse our men to intelligent lookout duty because, in time, they become more or less calloused and they do not realize the importance of it and that is the reason that I have asked the General to detail as many officers as he could as an officer, I think, has more of a sense of responsibility than a man, or he would not be an officer. Their main duty is for them to see something-to really see something and not to imagine they see things and ring in false alarms. The part of the submarine that you are most likely to see is its periscope, or you might see its conning tower. The best thing to do is to fire a gun as near the periscope as possible, or just short of the periscope, immediately after sighting. It is rather disconcerting, they say, to the man sighting. If the submarine happens to be within six or seven points, the best thing to do is to turn towards the submarine if he happens to be inside of 1,000 yards. If he is inside of 2,000 yards, and bearing six points, it is a good thing to head for him. The reason for this is because, at the time of sighting, the torpedo has probably already started, and you are only narrowing your target. The escort would probably sight the submarine in the first place as they are more accustomed to look for them. I do not know what signals they will have, that probably will be told us later, but they might try to get over to the submarine and endeavor to ram it. In that case, it would be a good thing to turn away from the submarine provided they are far enough away. We have given our gunners instructions not to interfere with the destroyers. Cases have been known where the fire from the transport was so dangerously near the attacking destroyers that it was iCaptain Yates Stirling, Jr., was in command of the President Lincoln. 204 DOCUMENTS 205 necessary to give up the submarine attack. Plenty of room should be given for the operations of the destroyers. If the torpedo has been fired, the first thing that you will probably see will be the torpedo wake. A torpedo wake looks just like a white streak in the water. In case the submarine has its periscope above water, the first thing you are likely to see will be the " Periscope wake." This makes a wave, very much like the one made at target practice the other day, only not so pronounced, as this was being towed through the water at greater speed than a submarine generally makes. The submarine may be traveling only two knots: just enough to keep it horizontal. The thing that you see might not be a submarine. It might be drifting mines or boats or casks. All these things should be reported. They might not be anything but barrels; they may be perfectly harmless, or they may have mines in them. Boats have been found over here with mines in them. NOTES ON LOOKOUTS The bow lookout is manned entirely by the Navy. Right back of that is a house on either side. This is manned by both the Navy and Army. The Army's interest in that is one Army officer. The different watches for lookout duty may be arranged to suit the individuals on lookout, but it is best not to be on the lookout for more than an hour at a time. The next stations are the two tops (indicating), the upper and the lower top. The upper top is manned entirely by the Navy and in the lower top we have two Army officers. The lower top has the communications: loud speaking telephone to bridge, and quite a large megaphone, which I think you will find quite serviceable. Next, the wings of the bridges and the fire control station on top. This is all Navy. Next are the two stations on either side of deck " B." This is to be manned entirely by the army and there are to be two officers in each station, and an enlisted man to look out for the communications, telephones and voice pipes. The next station is No.2. The sectors that you will have to guard in this station will be given you by the Gunnery Officer, Mr. Olendorf. The next station aft is No.4 (Indicating). That is all Navy. Station 5, on this side, (indicating), just forward of the guns. If we should be torpedoed, the main object of the Navy crew would be to get all the troops safely off in boats and rafts. The Navy crew are supposed to stand by the ship and save her if we can, but, with one or more compartments filled with water, it is hard to determine whether it will be possible to save her. If we had lots of rescue vessels around us immediately, it would be better to let all the troops off at once. The torpedo might hit and never explode at all. Cases have been known where merchant ships have been abandoned and the crew had returned to see that the ship had not sunk. The first thing for the Captain to do is to stop the ship. The ship should be practically dead in the water, before any lowering of boats or life rafts is undertaken. With two compartments filled with water, I think this ship would float for two hours, and with only one compartment filled I do not think she would sink at all. The alarm will be sounded when the torpedo or periscope wake is sighted, or when something suspicious is discovered. The radio operator has the latitude and longitude at all times, and he will, if directed by the Captain, sound the "S.O.S." message, and probably draw a number of ships for our help in a very short time. I appreciate that this also diverges from the subject of our discussion. The idea is, however, to get all the means to save life in order before anybody is given a chance to come down the sides. It is extremely dangerous to life to jump overboard, and it should not be allowed. All men who show signs of desiring to jump overboard should be restrained by force. With a perfectly orderly crowd, the chances are that there would not be any loss of life at all. The main thing is to remember that, in case the alarm should prove false, or the danger to the ship be obviated, the ship is more comfortable than the life boats or rafts and that she should be stuck by. It is also well to remember that there will be lots of alarms which will turn out to be nothing. 206 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY It is thought that three or four to five men should sit on a raft and the rest are to hold on to it by the grab lines. It is best, however, for all to hold on and none to get on the rafts. The life preservers which are issued to the men have a buoyancy of 21 pounds. A man himself is almost buoyant. The men should be cautioned not to overload a raft. There are 350 rafts, I believe, and there are about 5,000 men. This would be about 15 men to a raft. Clothing to be discarded: (In reply to question from U.S.R. Officer). I would suggest that clothing should not be discarded. Usually the more clothing the men have on the more comfortable they will be in the water. The water next to the body will be somewhat warmed and kept so by the clothing, thus affording a means of protection against exposure. If one has on anything very heavy, like very heavy leather puttees or boots, they should be discarded, but other clothing, as far as possible, should be retained. If the pressure for time is not too great, I believe that the overcoat should be worn. I think it will aid the wearer to stay on the surface because of its buoyancy as well as protecting him against cold. (Question asked whether necessary to push one's self away from the ship because of suction). There used to be a theory that forcible suction prevailed when a ship went down. A recent decision, however, is that there is no such thing, and the only danger to be looked out for is that clothing is not fouled by rigging, spars, etc. (In answer to question from officer as to just what should be reported). At night, you will experience great difficulty in seeing much of anything, and you will probably be reporting things all the time, but of course, I cannot tell you not to report things. However, if you have good glasses I would suggest that you take a good look before you start off into a false alarm. At the same time, a false alarm will not harm us at all. It will at least give us a few rehearsals, and a rehearsal is always a good thing. (In answer to a question from officer as to source of power of submarine). A submarine, if you know anything about electricity, has its storage battery, and that battery, just like any other battery, is rated so many ampere hours at a certain rate. The high rate gives them about ten knots speed for about two hours. After traveling this length of time on the high rate, the battery has practically exhausted itself at that high rate. It can run low speed for a few more hours, and then the submarine must come to the surface to recharge its batteries, a process requiring from five to thirteen hours. The German submarines use a very low rate all the time, so as to save their power. A submarine traveling at about two knots per hour can proceed on its own power for about 60 hours." HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIG. ABOARD U.S.S. PRES. LINCOLN. ADJUTANT'S OFFICE. October 27th, 1917. MEMORANDUM FOR REGIMENTAL COMMANDERS.2 1. Commencing tonight, all officers and enlisted men of the command will remain fully dressed during the night, except that individuals will be permitted to bathe. 2. At least two officers will be constantly on duty in each compartment and one of these must be awake at all times. In case of alarm, one of the offi2These regulations were issued on the tenth day of the voyage, as the convoy was entering the submarine zone. DOCUMENTS 207 cers will lead the men from the compartment, and the other will follow after assuring himself that all men have left. 3. A permanent detail of enlisted men will be made to assist the officers in removing injured men or those in need of assistance. The Senior Surgeon will arrange with the Ship's Surgeon to furnish such assistance as may be required to remove the men sick in the hospital to the boat designated for their use. By command of Brig. General Summerall: M. E. PAYNE, Capt., Actg. Adjt. HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, ABOARD U.S.S. " PRESIDENT GRANT." 3 October 31, 1917. From: The Commanding General. To: The Commanding General, 42nd Division. Subject: Report Upon Journey of the 67th F.A.Brigade. 1. ASSIGNMENT OF TROOPS. The organizations were assigned by the Executive Officer of the Ship to their various compartments, and occupied them upon coming on board without confusion or delay. It was not practicable to serve dinner to enlisted men, the first day. They brought a lunch with them. An abundant supper was served at 4:00 o'clock. Dinner was served to the officers. 2. The following organizations not belonging to the Brigade were also assigned compartments in this ship: 167th Ambulance Company Stevedore Company " C" Bakery Company No. 18 Bakery Company No.45. Stevedore Company "F" These organizations were attached to the regiments to which they were adjacent, for the purposes of discipline and police. 3. MESS. An arrangement was provided with a mess forward and a mess aft. An officer was detailed as permanent Superintendent of each mess. Cooks and kitchen police were detailed from the organizations to assist the ship's complement. The Superintendent of the mess and an officer of each organization were present during the serving of meals. A large number of men were sent to the upper deck to eat their meals and the remainder were served in the Mess Halls. By this arrangement meals were served usually in less than an hour. The meals have been excellent, abundant and well-cooked. Three meals have been served each day. Favorable comment is generally made upon the character of the rations supplied. 4. POLICE. The police of the compartments is in charge of the Regimental Commander in the portion of the ship occupied by the organizations under his supervision. The police of the Mess Halls is under the Superintendent of each Mess. The police of all other parts of the ship is under the police officer and the assistant police officer, permanently detailed by these Headquarters. During the first two days there was much seasickness and there was much accumulated trash on the ship that could not be cleaned prior to the arrival of the troops. Garbage cans and pails, from the supply of the troops were liberally placed about the decks as receptacles for trash and filth. The ship was soon placed in a clean and sanitary condition and the daily inspections show it to be in a highly satisfactory condition. Much credit is due Captain James F. Burnes, Brigade Headquarters, for his zeal and efficiency as Police Officer, in meeting the serious situation that confronted him. 5. GUARD. Each regiment maintained a guard in its compartments for the purpose of enforcing police regulations, preventing smoking in the compartments, and maintaining order. Double sentinels were maintained over each SThe President Grant also belonged to the convoy. This account is the official report of the voyage. 208 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY water-tight compartment door, with orders to close and secure the doors at the sounding of an alarm. Each regimental guard had an officer of the day, and two officers of the guard, with one officer of the guard constantly on duty. There was also a Brigade Guard, having an officer of the day and four officers of the guard, one of whom was on duty forward and one aft, at all times. The sentinels of the Brigade Guard were posted about the decks of the ship with orders to enforce police regulations, prevent smoking on deck after dark, and to prevent men from occupying dangerous positions near the rails. Upon the sounding of an alarm, a portion of these sentinels took post over the boats. There was also a Field Officer of the Day who co-ordinated all guard duty of the ship, supervised the guard of compartments, and inspected the Officers of the Day, the Officers of the Guard and the sentinels. 6. SAFETY. Alarm positions were assigned to all organizations and routes prescribed for them to proceed from their quarters to the alarm stations. Life rafts were distributed about the ship in proportion to the number of men in each portion, and details assigned to lower them overboard. All life rafts were gone over by the carpenters, new screws and nails inserted in the rail ends, and all were lashed and supplied with painters for launching. Jacob's ladders and life lines were likewise distributed. At all alarm formations, details lowered the ladders and life lines and prepared to lower the life rafts. Men were instructed to cling to the rafts and the boats were reserved for the use of those who might be in distress. No officers or men were assigned to any of the boats, and officers of the command were directed to accompany their men into the water. Each section of the boat was placed under one of the Colonels. Alarms were sounded at unexpected times during the day and night. In general, all organizations were in position above deck No. 1, with the exception of the Stevedore Companies and Field Bakers Company No.45, who were formed on deck No.2, ready to proceed to deck No.l. 7. HEALTH. Two cases of pneumonia developed in deck No.4, one forward and one aft. Three cases of measles and one case of mumps appeared among the Stevedore troops, who have been quarantined, as far as practicable, since the early part of the trip, on account of these contagions. There are three cases of rheumatism, which appear to be recurrent, and a small number of cases of venereal disease and minor ailments. There has been little sore throat, and no marked indigestion as might have been expected. About twenty officers were affected one night from some article of food which could not be definitely ascertained. 8. RECOMMENDATIONS. In view of the great carrying capacity of this ship, both in troops and in cargo, it is believed that a special effort should be made to effect such minor improvements as appear to be necessary for its equipment. The following recommendations are therefore submitted: A better system of ventilation, which will furnish free circulation of pure air, especially in Hold No.4, where two cases of pneumonia, mentioned above, have developed. A better type of life raft, to be provided in sufficient numbers to take the complement of the ship on the rafts instead of having them placed in the water until picked up. It is apprehended that many men would become numb from the cold, and lose their lives, who might be saved if they could be supported out of the water. Should the present type of raft be retained, it is recommended that clear, white pine be substituted for the oak containers of the cans, which it is believed would give the rafts greater buoyancy. The ends of the oak boards do not readily retain screws and nails and it is difficult to make repairs in such hard wood. The discipline, cheerfulness and morale of the troops have been all that could be desired, and a ready response has been given by both officers and men to every effort to add to the health, comfort and safety of the command. A line officer should be permanently detailed as Adjutant, under the Ship's Captain, to correspond to the position of Post Adjutant, for the troops. It is DOCUMENTS essential that troops should be drilled in their alarm positions, that police and guard routine should be established, and that all mess arrangements should be completed before the ship leaves its dock. The conditions are so complicated that the Commanding Officer of the troops should have the assistance of a line officer, permanently attached to the ship, in preparing his command for sailing. This Adjutant would be instrumental in securing such assignments to compartments as will enable a command of any kind to occupy the ship to the best advantage of all concerned. The Ship's officers are already burdened with the routine of operating the ship, and they should be relieved of all details and care concerning the troops. 9. ROUTINE. The daily routine was as follows: R eveille.......................................................... 6:30 A.M. Breakfast........................ 7:00 " Drill Periods.................. 9 to 10, 10 to 11, 11 to 12 A.M., and 1 to 2 P.M. D inner............................................................. 12:00 M. Band Concerts..................................2:30 to 3:30 P.M. Officers' Schools................. at such hours as not to interfere with drills. Supper.......................................... 4:00 P.M. Retreat, (without formation).................... one-half hour before sunset. 10. CO-OPERATION. I desire to express my very deep appreciation of the marked courtesies and consideration that have been shown to this command by Captain Yates Stirling, Jr., Commander P. W. Foote, and the officers of the ship. Every possible thing has been done by them to anticipate the needs of the troops and a ready response given to every request and suggestion for the comfort, safety and welfare of the command. They have inspired in everyone the greatest confidence in their ability, and it has been a privilege to be associated with such gentlemen during the journey. The command is also greatly indebted to Dr. W. D. Owens, Surgeon, U.S.N., and his assistants, Doctors J. F. Donahue, J. W. Troxell, and D. F. Luby, for their zeal and interest in caring for the sick, and for their foresight in establishing a hospital with facilities and equipment that would be creditable to any ship or military establishment. It is recommended that appropriate acknowledgement be made to the War Department, of the high character and services rendered to it by these representatives of the Navy. C. P. SUMMERALL, Brigadier General. o HEADQUARTERS 67 F.A.BRIGADE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES January 6, 1918. MEMORANDUM: 1. The following are the results of the proficiency tests held in this brigade on Saturday, January 5, 1918: 75 M GUN MATERIEL TOTAL Seconds Errors 1. Bty. C, 151 F.A. 134.4 2 2. Bty. D, 151 F.A. 145.4 1 3. Bty. F, 151 F.A. 151.2 3 4. Bty. A, 151 F.A. 186 3 5. Bty. B, 151 F.A. 191.8 11 6. Bty. D, 149 F.A. 193 2 7. Bty. E, 151 F.A. 194 3 8. Bty. A, 149 F.A. 207 1 9. Bty. B, 149 F.A. 220.25 1 10. Bty. B, 149 F.A. 207 2 11. Bty. E, 149 F.A. 246 0 Battery " F " 149 F.A. -On Guard. 210 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 155MM HowITZER MATERIEL TOTAL Minutes Seconds Errors 1. Bty. C, 150 F.A. 11 21 7 2. Bty. F, 150 F.A. 12 29 1 3. Bty. E, 150 F.A. 13 20 0 4. Bty. A, 150 F.A. 15 28 5 5. Bty. B, 150 F.A. 19 06 6 Battery D, 150 F.A., did not compete. By Command of Brig. General McKinstry: H. R. DENTON, Captain F.A., Asst.Adjt. THE LORRAINE SECTOR HEADQUARTERS, 42D DIVISION, A.E.F. FEBRUARY 15, 1918. Secret Copy No.41. GENERAL ORDERS No.5 3:00 A.M. 1. Pursuant to orders from General Headquarters, this division will move into the area shown on the attached map1 for a period of one month's training at the front. It will work in conjunction with, and be installed in the sector now held by, the 7th French Corps. 2. The movement will be accomplished by rail, except as provided in paragraph 10 this order, in accordance with the table appended hereto. 3. One machine gun company will be attached to each infantry battalion, by the Brigade Commander, for the purpose of the movement and the subsequent training period. 4. One liaison officer from each infantry regiment, each infantry battalion, and each independent divisional unit will report to the Division Adjutant at Rolampont at 1:00 o'clock P.M., February 15, to proceed overland to LUNEVILLE. Motor cars will be provided by the regiments or Brigades for this purpose and baggage trucks will be furnished at Rolampont by the Chief Quartermaster. 5. Field trains will be loaded in the following order: (a) 3 days' reserve rations. (b) 3 days' grain rations. (c) Authorized organization equipment. (d) Officers' baggage. (e) Articles enumerated in paragraph 5, Confidential Memorandum No.33, Headquarters, 42d Division, 1918. Such additional transportation as may be necessary for this purpose will be furnished by the Chief Quartermaster. Two days' travel rations will be issued to troops at entraining points for carriage by rail. 6. Entraining will be under the direction of the Chief Quartermaster, who will have a representative at each entraining station throughout the movement. 7. All transportation of organizations, together with a loading detail of one officer and 20 men, will be at the entraining station five hours before the departure of their respective railway trains and will report to the entraining officer on arrival. Troops will arrive at the station one hour before the departure of their respective trains. 8. The Senior Officer of each train will hand to the entraining officer a statement showing the number of officers, men, vehicles, and animals traveling by his train. Officers in charge of minor units of men and transportation will give the necessary written information to the Senior Officer of the train. 9. Train Commanders will assign the necessary men in advance for the unloading of vehicles and animals of their commands upon detrainment. 1 Omitted. 211 212 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 10. Motor truck transportation of the Division and motor cars will proceed overland to the new area in accordance with verbal orders from these Headquarters, by way of MONTIGNY-LE-ROI-NEUFCHATEAU-MIRECOURTCHARMES-BAYON-LUNEVILLE. 11. All sick in the 7th area will be evacuated to the Base Hospital at Langres, under direction of the Chief Surgeon, with transportation furnished by him for the purpose. 12. Upon arrival in the new area, units will be met and allocated by their liaison officers, the infantry units detraining on the line LUNEVILLE-ST. CLEMENT-BACCARAT, and the artillery units on the line MONT-MOYENRAMBERVILLER. 13. In the new area, refilling points will be established at the following railheads: LUNEVILLE, ST. CLEMENT, BACCARAT. 14. Distributing points in the respective sectors will be located as follows: CROISMARE, MONCEL-LES-LUNEVILLE, DOMJEVIN, PEXONNE, MONTIGNY. 15. The ammunition depot will be established at ST. CLEMENT. 16. Sick will be evacuated in the new area to hospitals established by the 117th Sanitary Train at the following points: LUNEVILLE, ST. CLEMENT, BACCARAT. 17. The divisional post office will be at LUNEVILLE. 18. Division Headquarters will be established at LUNEVILLE on February 17, at 12:00 o'clock noon. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. 0 — PROGRAMME OF STUDIES AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES TO BE CARRIED OUT TOGETHER BY THE BATTERIES OF THE 2ND BATTALION OF THE 151ST F.A. AND THOSE OF THE 2ND GROUPE OF THE 252ND FRENCH FIELD ARTILLERY.2 Each American Battery is attached to a French Battery, the mission of which is the same. February 24th and 25th. Reconnoitering of the position and observation. General study of the sector. February 26th. Installation of the D, E, and F Batteries on their position. The American batteries will assume the direction of work and the sets of workmen of the connected batteries will be free. February 27th. Drawing and settlement of the firing maps for D, E, and F batteries. Organization of the telephonic liaison (from groupe A to the batteries and to C.N.3.) Study of principal missions for the.use of the guns. (Barrages and concentration fire, counter fire.) Visit to the French Batteries by the American Cannoneers, divided in small sets and at different intervals. February 28th. Reconnoitering in detail of the terrain or of observation posts; auxiliary objective, etc. Following the organization of the telephonic liaison. Organization of the wireless telegraphy. Registering of the American batteries, summary registering of the American batteries; summary registering of their guns. March 1st. Following the study of the missions for the use of the guns. Preparation and registration of the different firings on the Range tables. Organization of the various battery services. Central telephonic post, lookout post for flashes and rockets, piece guard, etc., allowance of ammunition. 2 It is apparent that this document is either a rather unskillful translation of a French original, or that it has been drafted by some one not very familiar with English. DOCUMENTS 213 March 2nd. Verification of the normal barrage fire, and complete execution of this barrage by one of the pieces of each battery. Following the organization and the liaison between the batteries of tlh battalion; settlement of the official liaison. March 3rd. Preparation of the fire; change of the objective; use of the results of the meteorological bulletin; verification of the results by means of some shells fired of a very precise objective selected for this purpose. March 4th. Verification of the gunners instruction by means of several blank fires (barrage fire) counter preparation fire, change from one to the other, etc. March 5th. Study of the registering fire by aeroplanes, this by means of time shrapnels exploding at great height, use of the verification target, study of the firing by special shells. March 6th. Complete preparation of a fire in support of an attack (Range and notice book of the piece etc.) Blank firing for this case, a verification will be made afterwards by firing two real shells for each piece on a field objective choosing so as to be easily observed. March 7th. See again the lost acute points; insist once more on the good use of the meteorological bulletin, on the allowance of ammunition and on the service necessary to their observation. From February 28th the liaison with the Infantry and the observation service will be assumed also the personal [sic] of the American Battalion. The staff officers of the Battalion will take part in the different reconnaissances. The study of General service for the Battalion will take place together with the study of battery service, especially officers in charge of the position, and firing back will verify immediately the "coordinates" of the directing piece. The real firing practice will take place at another time if necessary in order to get a more each [sic] observation. As exercise of signal rockets will be made in agreement with the Infantry of the sector. The American and French Officers will live as much as possible together during the execution of work ordered by the present Programme. February 24, 1918. MAJOR JULLIEN, Commanding the Groupe. o DAILY INTELLIGENCE SUMMARY, 151ST F.A. March 3-March 4, 1918-6 A.M. to 6 A.M.-C Btry. reports that their barrage was called for about 3 P.M. The 2nd Battalion at Merviller reports shells falling near there at various intervals all night from 10:30 P.M. until 6:30 A.M. Regimental Headquarters at Merviller. 1st Bn. Headquarters at Pexonne reports more or less continuous firing near there from 8:30 P.M. to 6 A.M. No enemy Btries. reported in action. None of our Btrys. were fired on. March 5-March 6, 1918-6 A.M. to 6 A.M.- Battery C was shelled by 150's, several shells landing there about 1:30 A.M. Lasted off and on until 5:40 P.M. when the shelling became so heavy that the position was abandoned, the men being quartered at Pexonne for the night. From 6 P.M. until midnight a few shells landed on the position at irregular intervals. At 5:15 P.M. B Btry was gassed, about 100 shells falling near the position, shells of small calibre. From 5 to 5:30 P.M. Btry E at Vadonviller was gassed, causing 7 casualties. Several hundred shells fell on the position. F Btry also received a few gas shells about 5:15. 1 Private of C Btry. killed. 1 Sergeant and 5 Privates of C Btry wounded. 1 Sergeant and 6 Privates of E Battery gassed. March 16, 1918-Enemy Btrys. active during the day. During morning registers on B Battery about 200 shells of 150 mm being used. From 3 to 4 P.M. 150's fell every 3 or 4 minutes near Battery's position. During the greater part of the afternoon shells of 150 mm kept falling at 9 minute intervals, on the roads around Pexonne, Fennville and our Battery positions. 214 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY March 17, 1918- The Enemy carried out a considerable amount of registration fire; also of counter-Battery work. Enemy Batteries were in action thruout the day. From 10:15 to 11:35 A.M. the Areas occupied by B and C Batteries were shelled. From 2 to 3:15 P.M. about 20 150's fell near Btry B's position. From 11:30 to 1:30 P.M. this position was shelled heavily with 150's, about 250 shells being used. Casualties, 1 Private of B Btry. wounded and 1 Sergeant of B Btry. wounded. March 19, 1918-The Enemy Artillery was unusually active thruout the day. At 9:20 A.M. C Btry. and vicinity was shelled with 150's and 105's. The 105's fell at the rate of 1 every 5 seconds and at 9:55 ceased. From 10 A.M. to 1:20 P.M. A Btry. with 77's, 105's and 150's. From 2:30 to 4:30 P.M. Btry. B was shelled with 150's. From 9:45 to 11:10 P.M. B Btry was shelled with 105's at the rate of 1 every 5 minutes. Casualties: 1 Sergeant, 4 Privates in B Btry. wounded, also 2 French Privates who were attached to B Battery were wounded. March 20, 1918-Enemy Alrtillery continued counter-Battery work thruout the day. Unusually active. From 9:15 to 9:45 A.M. A Btry. was shelled with 150's. At 9:25 A.M. Btry. E was bracketed with 77's. From 8:45 to 9:15 A.M. several 105 mm shells landed in D Btry's position. From 12 to 1 P.M. D Btry. received 12 150's and again from 4:30 to 5 P.M. received 6 150's. Beginning at 2:10 P.M. Fennville, B and C Batteries and the old position to the right received 310 shells - 105's, 150's and 210's. At 2:15 a number of 105's and 150's fell near F Btrys position. From 3 to 3:10 P.M. intense shelling of French in front of F Btry. Same from 3:15 to 3:25. Casualties, 1 man of D Battery wounded. March 21, 1918- Continuous shelling of roads and positions in this sector from [?]:30 A.M. until after midnight. Unusual activity at all points. Report from French source that Von Hindenburg visited Cirey. At 5:10 P.M. B Btry. was shelled for five minutes with 150's. At 5:50 P.M. Btry. E was shelled with 105's. At 5:30 P.M. Btry. F caught some of the dispersion from heavy shelling a little to the right and front. Casualties, none. March 22, 1918-Enemy continuously active. From 10 A.M. until 12 M. The vicinity of Btry. F was shelled heavily with 150's from noon until 6 P.M. Btry. D and vicinity was shelled with various calibres continuously. From 3:15 to 4:30 P.M., at 7:40 P.M. and from 12 midnight until 1:45 A.M. Btry. B was shelled heavily with 150's. From 8:45 to 9:15 P.M.? gas shells fell near C Btry. Continuous shelling in the vicinity of Pexonne thruout the day. Casualties, Chief Mechanic and 1 Private of B Btry. wounded-slight casualty when a shell hit and caved in a dugout of F Btry. Capt. Gow of F Btry. scratched by a shell splinter. March 23, 1918- Artillery continuously active upon Btry. positions. From 7:10 A.M. to 4 P.M. Btry B was shelled almost continuously. Some very large calibre shells were used. From 2:10 to 4:30 P.M. Btry. C was shelled with 150's. At 7:30 P.M. several gas shells fell near C Btry. A Btry. was shelled at various times thruout the day. At 11:30 to 12 midnight and from 1:30 to about 3 A.M. Batteries D, E, F were shelled. Gas and high explosive shells were mixed. At 6 P.M. C Btry. was shelled heavily with 150's. Casualties, none. Compiled in Mobilization Section, April 14, 1919 from War Diaries and other records. DAILY INTELLIGENCE REPORT3 151ST P.A. MARCH 6 TO MARCH 7, 1918. 6 A.M. TO 6 A.M. 1. ACTIVITY OF THE ENEMY ARTILLERY. There appeared to be considerable firing with aeroplane observation. Also counter-battery work. 3This report was made to the Second Section, G.S., 42nd Division, on March 7, 1918, according to introductory matter which is omitted here. DOCUMENTS 215 No enemy batteries reported seen to be in action. Battery C, at 70-65, was shelled by 150's several shells landing about 10:30 A.M. From 12:20 to 3:00 P.M. the shelling continued at a rate of one every 5 minutes. From 3:00 to 4:00 P.M. the shelling was very heavy and continuous, at 3:15 a shell landing on the 1st Section dugout, killing one man and wounding six. At 5:00 P.M. the shelling recommenced and at 5.40 became so heavy that the position was abandoned, the men being quartered at Pexonne for the night. From 6.00 P.M. till midnight a few shells landed in the position at irregular intervals. At 5.15 P.M. B Battery, at 58-67, was gassed with shells of small calibre, about 100 shells falling near the position. From 5.00 to 5.30 P.M. E Battery, near Badonviller, was gassed with 105 m/m shells, causing 7 casualties. The shells contained "mustard gas" and chlorine, and several hundred shells fell on the position. F Battery also received a few gas shells at about 5.15, but it is believed that they were intended for a French battery near them. At 8.15 A.M. one shell landed near the PEXONNE-VACQUEVILLE Road. During the afternoon of March 6th, the enemy registered on the town of Migneville and between 11.30 and midnight the town shelled with shrapnel. There were four French casualties. 2. SYSTEM OF ACTION OF ENEMY ARTILLERY. No peculiarities reported. System of fire not reported. Both chlorine and "mustard gas" shells were used, 300 to 400 of them falling near our positions. Registration fire with aeroplane observation reported near Badonviller. Also registration on the town of Migneville. 3. AERONAUTICS. Between 8.16 and 9.30 A.M., March 6th, six enemy planes were seen near Badonviller. At 8.30 A.M. four enemy planes passed over Pexonne at a very high altitude. They came from the north and returned in a northeast direction, and were fired on by our anti-aircraft batteries. 4. MOVEMENTS. Visibility good. 5. CASUALTIES. One private of C battery killed; one sergeant and five privates of C battery wounded. One sergeant and six privates of E Battery were gassed. JOHN F. ROBOHM, JR., 1st Lt., 151st F.A. Intelligence Officer. - HEADQUARTERS 42D DIVISION, March 19, 1918. GENERAL ORDRS No. 9. 1. Under orders from the First Army Corps, this Division will return to the 7th (ROLAMPONT) Area by marching. 2. Prior to the move a concentration will be accomplished in the GERBEVILLER and BACCARAT-WEST Areas. 3. To this end the French authorities will issue orders between March 20th and March 23rd for the following units to proceed to the points indicated: Gerbeviller Area ST. BOINGT Headquarters 83rd Infantry Brigade, Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company, Machine Gun Company 165th Infantry. 216 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY ST. REMY-AUX-BOIS 1st Battalion 165th Infantry. ESSEY LA COTE 2nd Battalion 165th Infantry. VENNEZEY Headquarters 3rd Battalion and Companies I and K, 165th Infantry. GIRIVILLER 150th Machine Gun Battalion and Companies L and M. 165th Infantry. HAILLAINVILLE Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company, Machine Gun Company and Company M, 166th Infantry. DAMAS-AUX-BOIS Headquarters 3d Battalion and Companies I, K and L, 166th Infantry. CLEZENTAINE 1st and 2d Battalions, 166th Infantry. ROZELIEURES Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company, Headquarters 1st Battalion and Battery A, 149th Field Artillery. BORVILLE Battery B, 149th Field Artillery. LOROMONTZEY Battery C, 149th Field Artillery. MORIVILLER Headquarters 2d Battalion and Battery D, 149th Field Artillery. REMENOVILLE Battery E, 149th Field Artillery. HAUDONVILLE Battery F, 149th Field Artillery. MATTEXEY Headquarters 1st Battalion and Companies A and B, 117th Engineers. SERANVILLE Company C, 117th Engineers. Baccarat-West Area ROVILLE-AUX-CHENES Headquarters 84th Infantry Brigade, Headquarters, Headquarters Company, 167th Infantry. MENARMONT Supply Company 167th Infantry. ST. MAURICE-SURMORTAGNE Machine Gun Company 167th Infantry. ST. PIERREMONT Headquarters 1st Battalion and Companies A, B and C, 167th Infantry. DONCIERES Company D, 167th Infantry. MAGNIERES 2d Battalion 167th Infantry. XAFFEVILLIERS 3d Battalion 167th Infantry. JEANMENIL Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company, Machine Gun Company, 2d Battalion and Company M, 168th Infantry. HOUSSERAS 1st Battalion 168th Infantry. BRU Headquarters 3d Battalion and Companies I, K and L, 168th Infantry. ANGLEMONT. 151st Machine Gun Battalion. ST. BENOIT Headquarters and 2d Battalion 117th Engineers, and 117th Engineer Train. NossoNcoURT 149th Machine Gun Battalion (2 companies), 117th Trench Mortar Battery. FONTENOY LA JOUTE Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company and 1st Battalion 150th Field Artillery. GLONVILLE 2d Battalion 150th Field Artillery. DOMPTAIL 3d Battalion 150th Field Artillery. DENEUVRE Headquarters, Headquarters Company and Supply Company 151st Field Artillery. ST. BARBE 1st Battalion 151st Field Artillery. MENIL-SUR-BELVITTE 2nd Battalion 151st Field Artillery. 4. The units enumerated above will pass under control of the Division Commander on arrival at the points above indicated. 5. On March 23d the following elements are released from control of the French authorities and will proceed to the concentration points indicated: DOCUMENTS 217 Headquarters 67th Field Artillery Brigade, Headquarters Ambulance Section, 117th Sanitary Train and 166th, 167th and 168th Ambulance Companies to DOMPTAIL. 117th Signal Battalion to ROVILLE-AUX-CHENES. Headquarters and Company A, Military Police to MAGNIERES. Company B, Military Police to ST. BOINGT. 165th Ambulance Company and 166th Field Hospital Company to SERANVILLE. Headquarters Field Hospital Section 117th Sanitary Train and 167th and 168th Field Hospital Companies to MENI,-SUR-BELVITTE. 6. On March 21st the 117th Ammunition Train is released from control of the French authorities. The Horse Section (less detachments now at railheads) will remain at FRAMBOIS. The Motor Section will proceed to FRAMBOIS. The trucks of the Motor Section with the necessary personnel consisting of two officers, and a driver and an assistant on each machine, will be placed at the disposal of the Chief Quartermaster. 7. The 117th Supply Train is placed at the disposal of the Chief Quartermaster. 8. All proDerty, - except individual equipment, and bedding roll and trunk locker for field officers, one bedding roll for other officers, authorized organization equipment and two extra blankets per man-will be marked, securely packed and assembled for rail shipment by 8:00 A.M. March 23d at dumps to be designated by the Chief Quartermaster. Property for shipment to the salvage depot will be packed separately and marked as such. 9. All rations in excess of the two days' reserve ration carried on the person and all small arms ammunition, —except 20 rounds per rifle, 21 rounds per pistol and 1,976 rounds per machine gun, - will be marked, packed and assembled at dumps to be designated by the Chief Quartermaster. 10. Disinfectors, water sterilizing carts, marmite cans, milk cans and all forage except two days' grain rations per animal will be turned in to the Chief Quartermaster at nearest railhead. 11. The companies of the Brigade Machine Gun Battalions are relieved from assignment to Infantry Battalions upon arrival at the stations enumerated in paragraph 3 above. 12. Billeting officers will precede organizations to the GERBEVILLER and BACCARAT-WEST areas to arrange for billeting of personnel and animals. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. March 23rd, 1918. Confidential. GENERAL ORDER No. 11. 1. Pursuant to orders from the 1st Army Corps, the movement of the 42d Division to the 7th (Rolampont) Area is suspended. 2. Until further instructions, each element of the division will remain in rest at the billeting point occupied by it on the morning of March 24th, 1918, in the GERBEVILLER-BACCARAT WEST Areas. 3. During this rest period every effort will be made by organization commanders to equip and prepare the division fully and thoroughly for such field service as it may be called upon to fulfill in the near future. All arms, uniforms and equipment will be thoroughly overhauled and renovated. 218 HISTORY OF THE 151ST' FIELD ARTILLERY 4. Organization commanders will report by 10:00 A.M., March 25th, to these headquarters, all deficiencies now existing both in materiel and personnel in their units, based upon the Tables of Organization, Series A, January 14th, 1918, recently issued. Authorized articles of Equipment "C" which have been issued organizations but are now in storage in the 7th (Rolampont) Area will not be reported as deficiencies but will be shown on a separate list. 5. Brigade commanders and the commanding officers of lesser independent units will issue schedules of drills designed to keep their respective commands in good physical condition and at the same time enable a proper rest of personnel and a thorough overhauling of materiel and equipment to be effected. 6. One officer and six men from each company or battery whose property has been loaded for rail shipment will report to the Chief Quartermaster at a time to be designated by him to (a) Unload such of the following property as may have been loaded: Ammunition, Spare parts of equipment, Reserve rations, Stokes mortars, Bedsacks, Signal equipment, Rubber boots, Extra harness, Necessary records, Authorized officers' baggage. Gas materiel and anti-gas equipment, (b) To load the balance of the property for shipment to the 7th (Rolampont) Area. This work will be executed under the direction of the supply officers of the units concerned. 7. All orders issued from these headquarters relating to the movement of the division to the 7th (Rolampont) Area are hereby revoked. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. o 7TH ARMY CORPS STAFF THIRD BUREAU Headquarters, March 25, 1918. No.4.276/3. Confidential. MEMORANDUM In accordance with new verbal instructions from the Army, a strictly defensive attitude shall be maintained in the defensive zone of the Army Corps. No raids will be made in the future, except on order. The raids, however, for which the plans have been furnished, in compliance with order 4196/3, from the 7th C.A., shall be studied. Operations involving the throwing of toxic shells by the 58, (Order 4.161/3 from the 7th C.A., dated March 22, to the 128th and 164th D.I. artillery), and the use of projectors are suspended. Artillery activity shall be restrained; there shall be no firing involving large consumption of ammunition; firing will be limited to barrages and reprisals, and on objects especially visible and vulnerable. In brief: Remain continually on the alert, but do not provoke the Boche; Establish calmness in order to permit the command to remove from the lines any available forces which can be of service elsewhere; Should the Boche show his teeth, severe reprisals are in order. General BAZELAIRE, Commanding the 7th C.A., (Signed) BAZELAIRE, P.A. the Chief of Staff, A. de St.-Germain. DOCUMENTS 219 1st Ind. Hq. 67th F.A.Brigade, A.E.F., April 1st, 1918.-To Commanding Officer, 151st F.A. 1. For his information. By command of Brigadier General McKinstry, H. R. DENTON, Captain F.A., Asst. Adjutant HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. Secret April 28, 1918. OPERATION ORDER No. 3 1. Pursuant to a plan approved by the Commanding General, VIIIth Army, (Project No. 2, Hq. 42d Division, A.E.F., April 8, 1918), a go-and-come raid will be executed on the day J, at the hour H upon the Bois DES CHIENS, accompanied by a powerful artillery action on the front Ouvrage de la Croupe (600 meters northwest of the hamlet of ANCERVILLER) to the east limit of the BoIS DES HAIES. The purpose of the operation will be to take prisoners and to clean out and destroy the enemy works in the salient of BoIs DES CHIENS. 2. Composition of the Divisional Artillery (Reinforced) and Organization of the Command. Brigadier General C. H. MCKINSTRY, Commanding. Colonel Henry J. Reilly 3 battalions (1st Bn. 149th F.A. 3 batteries f 10th and 11th Batteries 75mm. guns 2nd Bn. 149th F.A. 90mm. guns 4th Group, 7th R.A.P. One Bn. A.C.D./164 (19 guns) Colonel George E. Leach 4 battalions 1st Bn. 151st F.A. 4 batteries 75mm. guns 2nd Bn. 151st F.A. 58mm. No. 2 2 Bns. A.C.D./164 T.M.'s 4th Group A.T.A. 1 Btry.240mm t (French) One Battery J 12th Battery, 4th L.T.M.'s 117th T.M.B. 120mm. short \Group, 7th R.A.P. Captain Ver- (American) nier, Cmdg. I Colonel Robert H. Tyndall 4 Battalions 1st Bn. 150th F.A. 2 batteries f 155 C.S. 2nd Bn. 150th F.A. 220mm. R.F. 1st Gr. 228th R.A.L.T. (9 Batteries) 3rd Bn. 150th F.A. howitzers 2nd Gr. 335th R.A.L. 2 batteries 220mm. Platform Schneiders —6th Group, 288th R.A.L.T. 3. MISSIONS. Preparation and Execution of the Attack. Colonel Henry J. Reilly —Encagement of the Bois DES CHIENS area as shown along the line p', q', r', s', t' and u', during the entire period of the execution of the attack. Colonel George E. Leach —Breaches in the enemy wire, a, b, c, and d, fixed barrage and rolling barrage in front of our infantry. Destruction of enemy flanking positions with 240mm. L.T.M. as indicated. The batteries of the 1st Battalion, 151st F.A., and the battery of 120mm. (short) guns will retain as missions of first urgence the protection of the right of the sector. During the period of the execution of the attack, they will fire for diversion upon enemy positions behind the first lines, which are known from recent information to be held by enemy troops. The fire will be conducted under a pro 220 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY gramme to be arranged by the Commanding Officer, NEUFMAISONS Subsector, and will take the form of rapid rafales to be delivered intermittently upon the objectives selected. Colonel Robert H. Tyndall —Destruction of enemy positions in the Bois DES CHIENS and along the entire enemy front from the Ouvrage de la Croupe to the east edge of the Bois DES HAIES as indicated. Beginning with the hour H, destruction fire in the Bois DES CHIENS proper will be resumed and continued as long as compatible with the safety of our infantry, the programme being arranged for the fire to lift in succession from the different objectives according to the progress of the infantry. After the Attack. Fire for diversion will be delivered by the following batteries under programmes arranged by the respective commanding officers upon sensitive points beyond the enemy first lines over the entire front, for one hour after launching of the signal indicating the return of the infantry to our lines (a red rocket from the vicinity of the trench of departure). This fire will be delivered intermittently in short, rapid rafales. Colonel Reilly -2 batteries 75mm. guns. Colonel Leach —2 batteries 75mm. guns. Colonel Tyndall —2 batteries 155mm. howitzers. 4. PROGRAMME OF FIRE.4 Day J. Hour From rTo Objectives Fire Batteries Rate HI- 2" Return Line p', q', r', s', of t' and u' Encagement 7 bies 75mm.guns Maximum troops to our lines Same Weak points of Encagement 3 bies 90mm.guns Maximum above line ____ H -2" H Line XY Fixed 7 bies 75mm.guns Maximum Barrage Line XY to south Rolling Same Maximum H H+12" edge Bois DES Barrage CHIENS H - 2" Return Targets in and of near Bois DES troops CHIENS and Destruction 9 bies 155mm. 2/3 rds per to our flanking positions and howitzers gun per lines where not dan- Encagement minute gerous to our infantry H Return Sensitive points of in enemy organ- 3 bies 75mm.guns Intermittroops izations, opposite Diversion and 1 btery, tent rafales to our right of the 120mm.short guns lines sector For one hour Sensitive points after return of in enemy organi- 4 bies 75mm.guns troops to our zations along Diversion and 2 bies 155mm. Same lines entire front of howitzers sector 4A portion of the program of fire, covering days J-2 and J-l, is omitted because the original order bears a notation to the effect that it was superseded. DOCUMENTS 221 5. All batteries of the command will remain alerted following the operation until otherwise notified by these headquarters. Under the orders, of the respective regimental commanders they will fire for neutralization upon all enemy batteries discovered in action. In general, the Commanding Officer, 151st F.A., will confine himself to targets opposite the NEUFMAISONS subsector on the near side of the line ANCOMORT, PARUX, NONHIGNY; the Commanding Officer, 149th F.A., to the targets opposite the MERVILLER subsector on the near side of the line NONHIGNY, Barbas; the Commanding Officer, 150th F.A., to targets opposite the sector beyond the lines mentioned. 6. AMMUNITION ALLOWANCE. 5,000 bombs L.S., 58mm. No.2 500 bombs 240mm. L.T.M. 3 firing days for the short heavy artillery. 1/2 firing days for the field artillery. 7. Copies of the programmes of the respective commanding officers indicated in paragraph 2, will be submitted for approval to these headquarters without delay. 8. The Commanding Officer, A.C.D./164 will assign one group of his command to the C.O. 149th F.A., and the other two groups to the C.O. 151st F.A. The C.O., A.C.D./164 will report to the C.G. 67th F.A.Brigade for special duty. Commanding officers of incoming artillery groups and batteries will report for instructions immediately upon arrival to the C.O.'s indicated in paragraph 2. Reconnaissance of new positions will be undertaken without delay, but exposed positions will not be occupied in advance of the time necessary to assure adjustment of fire by 12:00 o'clock on the day J-2. 9. So far as practicable, the additional units of artillery will vacate their positions and return to their respective echelons on the night of J day. Batteries of the sector, temporarily displaced, will return to their normal positions on the night of J day. 10. The day J and the hour H will be announced later. By command of Brigadier General McKINSTRY: C. H. NANCE, Captain F.A., Adjutant. 0o HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. May 8, 1918. From: The Commanding General. To: The Commanding General, 42nd Division. Subject: Divisional Artillery (reinforced), operation of May 3rd, 1918, on Bois des Chiens. 1. Pursuant to plan approved by the Commanding General, VIIIth Army (Project No.2, Hq. 42nd Division, A.E.F., April 8, 1918), a go-and-come raid was executed May 3rd, on Bois des Chiens. 2. The artillery preparation was made on the days J-2 and J-1. It consisted of destructions in the Bois des Chiens and nearby flanking positions, with diversions along the entire front of the sector. Four breaches were made in the wire in front of the Bois on the days mentioned. Breaches were also made at the Ouvrage de la Croupe, Hameau d'Ancerviller and Tranchee de la Pince Nord. This work was executed according to Operation Orders Nos. 3, 4 and 5. copies of which are attached.6 5Omitted. 222 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLER'Y 3. Enemy artillery reaction was very slight, a gas bombardment on two of our batteries on the night of May 2nd-3rd being the only fire of consequence. During the three days of the operation enemy batteries discovered in action were immediately fired on for neutralization. 4. Casualties: Wounded Gassed 11 52 5. Ammunition Expended. 58 75 90 95 120-short I55 4,325 38,529 4,496 2,122 630 16,833 C. H. MCKINSTRY, B.G., N.A. -_-o ---HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. May 21, 1918. REPORT OF A ROUND MADE BY CAPTAIN H. R. DENTON, ON NIGHT MAY 20-21, 1918. BATTALION VISITED -1ST BATTALION, 151ST F.A. 1. COMMUNICATIONS. (a) Liaison between battalion P.C. and the infantry regiments (for 75, 90 and 120 short materiel). Direct telephone line to Infantry P.C. One liaison officer at Infantry P.C. (b) Liaison between batteries and front line infantry in the section of normal barrage (for 75, 90 and 120 short materiel). Direct telephone line with Battalion. One non-commissioned officer stationed at Battalion P.C. (c) Communications by telephone between batteries and battalion P.C. The line from the battery through to Brigade Headquarters will be tested, the officer noting the times necessary to reach each successive central. Direct communication, telephone, projectors and runners. Telephone test of Francais 12 seconds-Red 18 seconds, San Francisco20 seconds. 2. FIRING RECORDS. (a) Method of keeping firing data for use of gunners and chiefs of section. 180-Chief of Section has book containing all fire. 184 bis.- same. (b) Is the "Carnet de Tir" kept for each position? Yes. (c) Is the gun book for each piece kept up to date? 180- Yes. 184 bis. Did not contain fire of May 20th. 3. GAS PROTECTION. (a) Condition of gas curtains, gas clothing, sprayers, chloride of lime, etc. on hand at position. Complete gas clothing with sprayer and chloride of lime in both positions; condition good. (b) What alarm signal is used in case of gas bombardment? Klaxon. DOCUMENTS 223 (c) Where are No. 2 gun crews sheltered? Seemingly no No.2 gun crews, at least no men designated as such. 184 bis.* A few extra men fifty meters away in dugout. 4. EVACUATION OF WOUNDED. (a) Where is the nearest dressing station? Pexonne. (b) Is there good connection therewith? Direct telephone connection. (c) How many medical department soldiers are habitually on duty at the battery? {One man at each position. 5. AMMUNITION. (a) How sheltered? In casemate and dugout. (b) Number of rounds stored together. 180-225 and 260 rounds. 184 bis.-200 rounds. (c) Are projectiles piled in more than five layers? 180- Yes. In casemate. 184 bis. - No. (d) Are the different types of projectiles separated? Yes. (e) Are powders, fuses and shells kept in separate places? Yes. 6. INTERIOR ARRANGEMENTS. (a) Is shelter provided for gunners and Numbers One during the firing? No. (b) What arrangements are made for receiving rocket signals for barrage? Watchers always on duty. (c) Are at least two men posted at each gun at all times? 180 —Only one piece with two men. 184 bis. - No. At 1 piece the Corporal of the Guard alternates between the piece and telephone dugout 15 meters away. No one else posted there.* 7. Do the Officers of the battery specialize in their duties or are they familiar with each other's work? All officers are familiar with each other's duties. 8. FIRE PROTECTION. (a) Are there receptacles with water at hand near each emplacement? Yes. (b) What other precautions are taken? Sprayers. 9. OBSERVATORIES. (a) What liaison is established with them? 180 —Telephone, several connections. 184 bis.- Direct telephone connection. (b) What are the arrangements for opening fire on fugitive targets? Have data figured on certain specified locations which are fired on by direction of the observer. H. R. DENTON, Captain, F.A., N.G. * Corrective measures by 42d Division. [pencil notation] 224 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. May 24, 1918. REPORT MADE FOR THE TOUR OF INSPECTION ON THE NIGHT OF MAY 23-24, 1918, TO THE P.C. OF THE 2ND BATTALION, 151ST F.A., AND BATTERIES D AND E, BY 1ST LIEUTENANT R. M. F. TOWNSEND. 1. COMMUNICATIONS. (a) Liaison between battalion P.C. and the infantry regiments (for 75, 90 and 120 short materiel). The liaison in this case is by telephone (through one central to the Headquarters, 167th Infantry Regiment); or by wireless (one way, the artillery battalion headquarters having only a receiving set); or else by runners. (b) Liaison between batteries and front line infantry in section of normal barrage (for 75, 90 and 120 short materiel). Battery D: By telephone (through "Coal" central). There is also a line direct to P.A.NEUVILLER. The liaison can also be made by rockets. Battery E: By telephone and rockets both: direct telephone line to P.A.Montreux. (c) Communications by telephone between batteries and battalion P.C. The line from the Battery through to Brigade Headquarters will be tested, the officer noting the times necessary to reach each successive central. The time for telephonic liaison from Battery E to Brigade Headquarters was as follows: To battalion P.C. at "Scotland," 10 seconds; to "Street Central," 20 seconds additional; to " San Francisco," 35 seconds additional; total, 1 minute 5 seconds. 2. FIRING RECORDS. (a) Method of keeping firing data for use of gunners and Chiefs of Section. Battery D: Each Chief of Section has a typewritten English copy of a note book which contains all the basic data. This is a duplicate of another copy made in a French note book but kept in English by the Executive Officer of the battery. Battery E: Each Chief of Section has a plain note book which contains all the necessary firing data. (b) Is the " Carnet de Tir" kept for each position? Battery D: There exists a French copy made up for the position and besides this the Executive Officer has a note book of special fires in which he keeps, up to date, a record of all reprisals, etc. Battery E: There is a note book in English made up for the position, but not a regular "Carnet de Tir."* (c) Is the gun book for each piece kept up to date? Battery D: Yes. Battery E: Yes; There is also a record of the weather corrections kept at the telephone central. 3. GAS PROTECTION. (a) Condition of gas curtains, gas clothing, sprayers, chloride of lime, etc. on hand at position. Battery D: There are double curtains for each dugout. The doors on which these curtains hang are lined with the same curtain material, making the dugout sufficiently gas proof. There are 47 sets of gas coats, gloves and breeches, enough for all officers and men at the position. Battery E: At the P.C. of the 2nd platoon position, there are double doors with two curtains for each single door, and with one curtain for each dugout. These offer ample gas protection. The curtains are kept moist at all times. There is one splinter proof at the position of the 1st platoon in which there are 50 complete sets of gas clothing. One half of these are kept at the guns and the other half in platoon dugouts. DOCUMENTS 225 (b) What alarm signal is used in case of gas bombardment? Battery D: two klaxons, one for each platoon. Battery E: One klaxon horn at the first platoon; none at the second. (c) Where are No. 2 gun crews sheltered? Battery D: There is available an infantry dugout, deep and well protected, at a distance of 300 meters from the position. This, however, has no gas equipment.* Battery E: 1st platoon, one extra dugout, 125 meters from the position. Second platoon, an extra dugout, reinforced and well protected, 250 meters from the position. 4. EVACUATION OF WOUNDED. (a) Where is the nearest dressing station? For Battery D': At VACQUEVILLE. For Battery E: At MONTIGNY. (b) Is there good connection therewith? Battery D: Narrow gauge road on which two cars are available, and a mud road, satisfactory in dry weather. Battery E: VACQUEVILLE-MONTIGNY Road. (c) How many Medical Department soldiers are habitually on duty? Battery D: Two (one N.C.O. and one Private). Battery E: One Private for both platoons. 5. AMMUNITION. (a) How sheltered? Battery D: There are 13 abris, of which 11 are properly protected by sheet metal. Battery E: In both platoons the ammunition is distributed in a number of small dugouts covered with sheet metal and earth protection. (b) Number of rounds stored together. Battery D: There is space for 200 rounds in each ammunition abri. Battery E: In both platoons there are approximately 100 rounds to each ammunition pile. (c) Are projectiles piled in more than five layers? Battery D: Five layers; bottom layer is laid on wooden platform which is raised 6 inches above the ground. Battery E: for the 1st and 2nd Platoons, 4 and 5 layers, respectively. (d) Are the different types of projectiles separated? In both batteries all types of ammunition are kept in separate abris. (e) Are powders, fuses and shells kept in separate places? In both batteries the fuses are kept separately from the shells, under their own shelters. 6. INTERIOR ARRANGEMENTS. (a) Is shelter provided for gunners and Numbers One during the firing? Battery D: There is one sand bag shelter per gun for the gunners, and a dugout next to the emplacement which may be used by Numbers One. Battery E: For both platoons-There are two sand bag shelters per gun, one on each side of the emplacement. (b) What arrangements are made for receiving rocket signals for barrage? Battery D: There is a raised watchers' post, provided with a rocket board by means of which the direction of rockets for normal or eventual barrage can be instantly determined. There is one man on duty all day and night. Battery E: There is a rocket post for the 1st platoon, and none for the 2nd platoon.* (c) Are at least two men posted at each gun at all times? Battery D: There are two men at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th gun at all times, and only one man at the first gun.* Battery E: There is one man at each gun during the full period of 24 hours. A system of whistle signals has been arranged. During the day these signals signify "alert" and during the night "barrage. "* 226 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 7. Do the officers of the battery specialize in their duties or are they familiar awith each other's work? In both batteries officers change around and assume one another's duties. 8. FIRE PROTECTION. (a) Are there receptacles with water at hand near each emplacement? Battery D: Each gun has a water bucket always on hand. Battery E: 1st platoon has a stream running alongside; 2nd platoon -a large tub full of water for both emplacements. (b) What other precautions are taken? None. 9. OBSERVATORIES. (a) What liaison is established with them? Battery D: Telephone communication either through "Coal" central or through A 160 to R.V.; there is a telephone Sergeant and Private on duty at this observatory all day. Battery E: Both platoons are connected by telephone through the battery P.C. with R.P. Besides this, there is a small observation post near "Bear" central which is used for registration purposes. (b) What are the arrangements for opening fire on fugitive targets? Battery D: Fire on fugitive targets in the case of a few men or small objectives is made by the battery on information received from the observatory. No other fire on fugitive targets is made except by order of the battalion commander. Battery E: The observer telephones the appearance of the fugitive targets to the battalion P.C. who designates which battery shall fire in the case of small targets. R. M. F. TOWNSEND, 1st. Lieut., E.O.R.C. * The necessary corrective measures taken by 42nd Div. [pencil notation] HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F., June 13, 1918. Secret. Not to be taken into front line trenches. GENERAL ORDERS No.39. 1. Pursuant to instructions from the 6th (French) Army Corps (Special Order No.63, dated June 12, 1918), the 151st Field Artillery will be relieved on the night of June 14-15, by the 5 Batteries of the 247th R.A.C. (7th Corps Artillery) and withdrawn from the Baccarat Sector. 2. The relieving French Artillery elements will, beginning on June 14th, at 6: 00 P.M., assume all missions at present entrusted to the 151st Field Artillery, which they will undertake without change of emplacement in so far as that is possible. The details of the relief, together with all necessary reconnaissances incidental thereto, will be specified by the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. 3. The Commanding Officer, 151st Field Artillery, will retain command of the artillery of the sub-sector of Neuf Maisons until June 15th, at 8: 00 A.M., at which time the command thereof will pass to the Commanding Officer of the relieving French Artillery elements, who will establish his P.C. at Neuf Maisons and enter into liaison with the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade. 4. On the night of June 14-15, the 151st Field Artillery will, after relief, proceed by marching as follows: DOCUMENTS 227 June 5th - Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company. and 1st Battalion.......................................... DAMAS-AUX-BOIS 2nd Battalion.................................... CLEZENTAINE (Route VACQUEVILLE - MERVILLER - BACCARAT - BADMENIL - DOMPTAIL - ST. PIERREMONT - DEINVILLERS - CLEZENTAINE - DAMAS-AUX-BOIS, the headquarters elements and 1st Battalion leading). June I6th-Headquarters, Headquarters Company, Supply Company, and 1st Battalion...................................................... PORTIEUX 2nd Battalion....................................... LANGLEY (Route HAILLAINVILLE - DAMAS-AUX-BOIS - CHARMES - LANGLEY). 5. The following general considerations will govern the movement: (a) All limbers and caissons will proceed filled with ammunition, the existing proportion of the various kinds and types of projectiles and fuses being maintained. All necessary measures to assure the transfer at Battery dumps of the required number, kinds and types of ammunition will be taken on receipt hereof, and completed in advance of the relief. (b) The provisions of Memorandum No.200, dated June 9, 1918, from these headquarters, will control. Until further orders, all rations and forage will be drawn from the Division Railhead at AZERAILLES. (c) All movements will start as soon after dark as practicable with the object of being completed before daylight. The necessary precautions against all types of enemy observation throughout the movements specified will be prescribed in orders from the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. (d) The necessary billeting arrangements at the towns above designated will be made in advance under the direction of the American Zone Major, having in consideration the possible joint occupancy of these points with incoming elements destined for the Baccarat Sector. (e) The movement will be deemed secret. To this end, all ranks will refrain from any discussion thereof with third persons. 6. Open warfare exercises for the 151st Field Artillery will be prepared and carried out (beginning June 18th, 1918) under the direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. THE CHAMPAGNE DEFENSIVE HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. June 20th, 1918. Secret. GENERAL ORDERS No.41. 1. Pursuant to orders from the 8th French Army, the 42nd Division will proceed Northwest, by rail, in accordance with the entraining tables appended hereto. The definite destination of the division is unknown.' 2. The Regulating Station through which all trains will pass is understood to be VITRY-LE-FRANCOIS. At the Regulating Station, organization commanders will receive further orders. An advanced Headquarters will be established at this station, in accordance with verbal orders from the Chief of Staff. 3. Truck transportation will proceed overland in accordance with General Orders No.42, from these headquarters. 4. Two days' travel and forage rations will be issued by the Division Quartermaster, at the entraining point, to each entraining organization, during its entrainment. For this purpose, organization commanders will submit to the Division Quartermaster ration returns to cover the issue of these rations before the departure of their respective trains. Rations and forage so issued will be loaded on the trains by the organization concerned. 5. All commanders of entraining organizations, including regimental and brigade commanders, will accompany the headquarters of their respective units. The automobiles assigned these officers will be loaded on the trains carrying their respective headquarters. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HQ., July 3, 1918. 21ST ARMY CORPS, STAFF, Secret 3RD BUREAU, No.2302/3 PREPARATORY ORDER FOR THE MOVEMENT OF THE 42ND U.S. DIVISION 1. The Infantry units of the 42nd U.S.Division will move during the night of July 3-4 and will establish themselves in bivouacs in the zone bounded on the north by the 2nd Position; on the south, by a line passing through Camp Riberpray, the western Camp of Suippes (inclusive), Suippes, and the Camp of kilometer 3.5 (inclusive). ZONE OF MARCH For the 83rd Infantry Brigade and one Engineer Battalion; zone west of the main road to Suippes. 1The division detrained not far from Chalons-sur-Marne. The entraining tables referred to have been omitted. 228 DOCUMENTS 229 For the 84th Infantry Brigade and one Engineer Battalion; zone east oi the main road to Suippes. The road will be reserved for automobiles and wagons. 2. The putting in place of the artillery of the 42nd U.S.Division will be accomplished under the direction of the Commanding Generals of the 13th and the 170th Infantry Divisions. They will go into battery as soon as possible. All batteries must be in place by the morning of the 5th. 3. The organizations other than the infantry, the artillery (if deemed advisable), the Engineers and the Liaison elements (designated by the Commanding General of the 42nd U.S.Division) will remain in their present billets during the night of July 3-4. 4. The above movements are to be executed beginning with the present; supplementary orders will be sent in the course of the evening. Commanding General of the 21st Army Corps, (Signed) NAULIN. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. July 4th, 1918. GENERAL ORDERS No.47. Secret 1. Pursuant to orders from the 4th Army, the 42nd Division will, beginning on July 5th at 6:00 A.M., temporarily assume the defense of the SECOND POSITION within the limits of the Sector ESPERANCE on the left, and the Sector SOUAIN on the right, on the front of the 21st French Army Corps (P.C. ST. REMY-SUR-BUSSY). The FIRST and INTERMEDIATE positions of these Sectors are now held by the 170th French Infantry Division (P.C. FERME DE SUIPPES) and the 13th French Infantry Division (P.C. SUIPPES), respectively. 2. The 83rd Infantry Brigade will organize and occupy the SECOND POSITION on Sector ESPERANCE (with C.R. ALGER added), and the 84th Infantry Brigade the SECOND POSITION on Sector SOUAIN (less C.R. ALGER), each brigade being disposed with 5 battalions (each with a machine gun company attached) on the SECOND POSITION, with one battalion (each with machine gun company attached) from the 165th Infantry and the 168th Infantry, respectively, stationed in rear of C.R. TUNIS and C.R. VERDUN, respectively, under available cover, serving as brigade reserve. 3. The organization of the SECOND POSITION is shown on maps furnished. 4. After the arrival of the 42nd Division upon the SECOND POSITION in the Sectors indicated, the Instruction Centers of the 170th and 13th French Infanry Divisions, respectively, the elements of the 143rd R.1.T. and the 144th R.I.T. and the Machine Gun Section of the 4th Chasseurs (mounted), then on or in rear of that position, will be withdrawn therefrom and regrouped toward the rear, puTsuant to the orders of the 21st French Army Corps (No.2305/3, July 3, 1918), the respective Instruction Centers and the 144th R.I.T. leaving behind, for a period of 48 hours, officers and non-commissioned officers at the disposal of the infantry brigade commanders of the 42nd Division to assist in the organization of the SECOND POSITION. The Command of the remaining elements on the SECOND POSITION will, on July 5th, at 6:00 A.M., pass as follows: To Commanding General, 83rd Infantry Brigade: 19th and 21st Position Machine Gun Companies. To Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade: 68th Position Machine Gun Company. 5. The mission of the 42nd Division within the Sectors designated will be: (a) To defend POSITION 2 at every event and at all costs. (b) To be prepared to deliver counter-attacks to eject the enemy in case of penetration of ground in front of POSITION 2. 6. The preliminary reconnaissances for the occupation of the SECOND POSITION will be made on July 4th, in two groups, as follows: 230 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY First Group: By infantry brigade commanders, by infantry and engineer regimental and battalion commanders. Second Group: By infantry and engineer company commanders. The details for the reconnaissances, as well as the guides therefor, and those guides necessary to effect the occupation of the SECOND POSITION will be arranged for by the respective brigade commanders and the Commanding Officer of the 117th Engineers with the Colonels commanding the Infantry of the respective Divisions, which they are to support. 7. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade will be disposed in rear of the SECOND POSITION in the two Sectors ESPERANCE and SOUAIN. The preliminary reconnaissances for this purpose will be made on July 4th and positions occupied on the night of July 4-5, in accordance with orders to be issued by the Commanding General 67th Field Artillery Brigade, all artillery being in position by the morning of July 5th. The mission of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade will be both to co-operate in the defense of the SECOND POSITION and also of the INTERMEDIATE POSITION, and, to assist, so far as possible, in the defense of the FIRST POSITION and in counter preparation. 8. All movements by infantry and artillery necessary to occupy their respective positions on or along the SECOND POSITION will be made under the orders of their respective brigade commanders on the night of July 4-5, between the hours of 9:00 P.M. and 3:30 A.M. 9. The movement of the 117th Engineers and of the divisional troops (Headquarters Troop, Divisional Machine Gun Battalion, Signal Battalion and Military Police and Trains) will be in accordance with orders to be issued. 10. The provisions of Memorandum No.204, these headquarters, as to circulation of personnel, animals and transportation will govern after receipt hereof. No day movement will be permitted, excepting the reconnaissances, which will be made carefully so as to avoid enemy detection. In addition, the strictest precautions will be taken to prevent the detection of the reinforcement taking place. In this connection, the 4th Army has prescribed the following: "All marches will take place by night (between 9:00 P.M. and 3:30 A.M.). Camp fires and lights in cantonments by night are forbidden. Parks, convoys and wagons are to be concealed in woods, gardens and villages. All traffic (except in the case of single vehicles or in case of extreme necessity) shall be forbidden by day on the roads (supplies will be regulated accordingly)." 11. The P.C's. at present announced are as follows: Divisional-FERME DE VADENAY (telephone name DEWEY). 83rd Infantry Brigade —FERME de SUIPPES (telephone name LIBERTY). 84th Infantry Brigade —SUIPPES (telephone name FRANK). 67th Field Artillery Brigade —ST. REMY-SUR-BUSSY (telephone name SAN FRANCISCO). The location of regimental and battalion P.C's. will be immediately communicated to these headquarters and telephone communications effected therewith at the earliest moment possible, under the direction of the Division Signal Officer. 12. The Divisional Railhead will be as at present. 13. The Divisional Post Office will be as at present. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. THE 2ND BATTALION AMMUNITION TRAIN PASSING THROUGH MERVILLER ON APRIL 29, 1918 THE REGIMENT ENCAMPED AT DROUILLY ON JUNE 24, 1918 DOCUMENTS 231 13TH D. ARTILLERIE July 6th, 1918. P.C., 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY EXTRACT OF THE ARTILLERY EMPLOYMENT PLAN2 ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMAND 1. The Field Artillery is composed of two groupments. (a) Groupment in direct support under command of Lt. Col. Huin including 3 groups of the 62th F.A.R. (b) 1 Groupment in 2nd Position under command of Colonel Leach 2 Groups of American Artillery 1 Group of the 60th Field Corps Artillery 2. The Heavy Field Artillery is constituted of 1 Groupment under command of Major Vaziaga. 1 Group V/121 155 C.S. 1915 1 Group of American Artillery 155 C.S. 1917 1 Group 111/316 155 C.S. 1917 3. In case of attack, the whole artillery is under the direct command of the General Commanding the Divisional Artillery until the moment when the enemy's Infantry is going out of the trenches. From this time and during the duration of the battle between the first and the intermediate positions, the groups in direct support will be under the command of the sub-sector commanders, who are able to follow very close the different variations of the battle. When the inside zone is concerned, this action can be reinforced by the Support Groupment. It is for this purpose that the Colonel in command of this groupment has his post of command close to the Lt.Colonel in command of the 62th F.A.Rgt. and that each Battery Commander of a group of support is in direct connection with the officer commanding the group of direct support in the zone of which he is working. Every gun belonging to the Divisional Artillery, according to its position and its field of fire, has a special mission which it must not abandon for any reason. Special orders have been established following an agreement between the C.R.Commanders according to what may be eventually done for the defense of the C.R. to which they are connected and also in case that the gun and the C.R. should be surrounded by the enemy. MISSION OF THE ARTILLERY IN CASE OF AN ATTACK 1. It is to be foreseen that the attack will be a sudden attack. The plan of defense of the D.I. is fixing the Infantry action and the kind of defense on the 1st Position, in the inside zone and in the intermediate positions. 2. The missions of the Field Artillery in direct support are, (a) If the attack is known in advance, this artillery has to deliver harassing, interdiction and counter-preparation fires, so as to worry the traffic, throw away the assemblies parties and trouble the immediate preparation of the attack. (b) At the time of the attack, it has, in co-operation with the Infantry advanced elements, to break and to delay the enemy's advance, by interdicting him the access of the most favorable parts of the ground. (c) If the 1st Line has been reached over by the enemy, the direct support Field Artillery, reinforced by the 2nd Position F.A. has to fight in the inside lines in intimate connection with the Infantry and as much as possible in view of stopping the progress of the enemy, of breaking the assaulting formations and of favorizing the local counter-attack. (d) The Artillery's mission is also, if necessary, to defend at any cost, the intermediate position through the way of concentrations of barrages, sweep2Translated from a French document, dated July 4, 1918. This document really antedates and logically precedes the Employment Plan of Artillery, Chapter XI, dated July 5, 1918. 232 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY ing fires and later on, through harassing, interdiction and C.P.O. fires. It will also have to support the counter-attack made by the reserves. 2. The Heavy Field Artillery's Missions are, (a) If the attack is known in advance, it has to deliver interdiction, harassing and C.P.O. fires at the same time as the Field Artillery, so as to disorganize the enemy's attack before it should be launched. (b) To constitute, at the disposal of the General in Command of the Division, a "maul"; the fires of which may be concentrated on the different points of the battlefield, according to the variations of the fight, either to localize the enemy's advance, notably by sweeping the passes, or to prepare the counterattacks. (c) To co-operate in the defense of the intermediary position in the same conditions as to the reference of the 1st Position. 3. The Anti-Tanks Special Mission is to attack any tank appearing in the field of view of the guns without taking any care of the Infantry which accompanies or follows the tank. If the attack is not supported by tanks, if these tanks have been put out of action or are acting outside of the gun's field of view, the A.T's Artillery's mission is to fire on the enemy infantry which has reached our lines, and especially on the M.W. or pieces of support of the attack. Every gun of the Anti-Tank Defense has special orders according to the kind of this intervention, so as to avoid any fire on the Centers of Resistance which should still resist the enemy. 13TH D.I.ARTILLERY July 5th, 1918. EMPLOYMENT PLAN OF ARTILLERY3 CHAPTER XI Barrage in front of the 1st Position and delivering of Fires During the Battle in the Inside Position. I. The Concentrations of Barrages are launched as soon as there is an enemy attack. FIELD ARTILLERY The Battalions have to deliver a first barrage for the defense of the groups of Combats called "2nd Category" (Support Line): Barrage A,' a second barrage for the Groups of combat called "3rd Category" (Redoubts Line): Barrage B, a third barrage as to the defense of the inside line: Barrage C, and finally a fourth barrage for the Defense of the intermediate Position: Barrage D. The Starting of all these kinds of barrages will be delivered by fuses, by T.S.F. or by T.P.S.; all proceedings will be taken in order that the starting will take place as soon as the signal is sent up. The Lt. Col. in command of the Support Artillery will notify Colonel Leach, in command of the 2nd Position Artillery Defense, as soon as this latter one will have to intervene, in the conditions prescribed by this employment plan (Barrages C and D). When a signal has been adopted by the Division, the starting of these barrages will be made on the sight of the rockets. In order to get its efficacy, the barrage of a battery has not to extend on more than 200 Meters width. The Battalion Commanders will direct their barrages according to the direction of the Commanding Officer of their Infantry sub-sector so as to co-ordinate the zones taken under fire by the group of combats' garrison and those swept also by the Artillery. This work will be made also for the barrage assigned to the defense of the intermediary line. The Barrage D will be delivered at 200 meters in front of the intermediate position. aTranslated from the French. DOCUMENTS 233 II. A.L.C. HEAVY FIELD ARTILLERY The Heavy Field Artillery is continuing the C.P.O. (Counter Preparation Offensive) till the time when Barrage C is delivered. It will be notified either by official signals or by T.S.F. or by telephone. It takes then position 400 meters approximately in the rear of the line of redoubts and is delivering regressive and progressive fires in the spaces between the companies of the Hinterland. Groupe VAZIAGA-In the pass between WACQUES and WAGRAM Groupe American -'" ". i WACQUES and CAMEROUN Group of the 317th-In the pass between CAMEROUN and the 43rd D.I. When the Barrage D has been started the A.L.C. delivers its fire at nearly 350 meters in front of the intermediary position. III. Every barrage fire, as is all kinds of fire, is to be observed as much as possible, in order that it may be reported immediately on any objective seen in the Battery's Zone. In case that no observation should be possible, these fires should be delivered as raking fires, on a depth varying from 400 to 500 meters. It is indeed to be avoided for these very dense fires have systematically no effect. (Exception is made in the case of Barrage D concerning the Field artillery batteries which deliver a direct barrage behind the companies of the Hinterland). (1) The annexed scheme indicates the positions of the different barrages and their repartition between the groups. PROVISIONAL PLAN OF EMPLOYMENT OF ARTILLERY GROUPMENT LEACH IN SECTOR OF 13TH DIVISION 1st Case: To defend the Hinterland and the Intermediate Position under orders of the A.D.13.4 DEFENSE OF THE INTERMEDIATE POSITION ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMAND 75 m/m 1 1st Bn. 62d R.A.C. Major Papillard P.C. 67-78 Groupment Huin 2nd Bn. 62d R.A.C. C.O. 62 R.A.C. Major Guenot P.C.BORDEAUX P.C. 09-81 3rd Bn. 62d R.A.C. Capt.Aufrere P.C. 87-94 1st Bn. 151st F.A. Capt.Barber P.C. 68-56 Groupment LEACH 2nd Bn. 151st F.A. C.O. 151st F.A. Major McDonald P.C. BORDEAUX P.C. 84-62 3rd Bn. 60th R.A.C. Major Bercg P.C. 93-56 A.D. 13th Col. Broudun P.C. Fme. PIEMONT French H.S.A. 2nd Bn. 150th H.S.A. Major Carter P.C. 60-47 4 The "2nd Case" has been omitted, since the battle never reached the phase provided for therein. 234 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY MISSIONS AND ADAPTATION OF ARTILLERY TO INFANTRY DISPOSITION INFANTRY Major Schaffer s/Sector 20th Battalion WACQUJES Chasseurs P.C. with I/62 (Suzanne) Col. Raudier s/Sector 109th Inf antry W'AGRAM P.C. with III/62 (Cayette) Col.Weiller s/Sector 2leme Infie CAMEROUN P.C. with II/62 (Sapin) ARTILLERY Bn. of Groupement Leach supporting s/Sector Major Papilliard 1/62 P.C. (Suzanne) Major Guenot III/62 P.C. (Cayette) Capt.Aufrere I1/62 P.C. (Sapin) 1~st Battalion 151st F.A. Capt.Barber 2nd Battalion 151st F.A. Major McDonald 3rd Battalion 60th R.A.C. Major DeBercg The hattalions of Groupment LEACH must assure fires upon three different targets: 1st Target - Barrage C 2nd Target - G.P.O. before Intermediate Position 3rd Target -Barrage, D LIAISON TELEPHONE AND PERSONNEL D.O.L.Barber D.0.L.Mcflonald ~j 1Officer 2 N.C.O. I 2N.C.0. 12Privates I D.O.L.T Ii /6 1 Aspir, H O.L.BARBER D.O.L.MoD.1 2Tee >fOfficer POfie r ~I11/62 0I 2 Rum rs 1 Tele-. phonit I Central I1/621 * ~~~~~~~~~D 0.L.MoIDONALD 41 Telephonists) 'P.CHUIN/ 11/153 N ~ Battery "El' 111/60 aBer( ant honi,. 1/62 0Its DOCUMENTS 235 ROCKETS Signals Rockets The enemy jumps over the top Flaring Rockets with Paraand advances towards our chute (1) Rocket of 34 and trenches. V.B. THE BARRAGE "A" Is TO BE DELIVERED The enemy penetrates our first positions and is advancing on Barrage Rocket the redoubts parallel. 3 White Stars THE BARRAGE " B" Is TO BE DELIVERED The 'enemy arrives in front of Flag Rockets the Hinterland companies. with a stick THE BARRAGE "C" Is TO BE DELIVERED The enemy arrives in front of Barrage Rocket accompanied the intermediary position. by a yellow smoking rocket. THE BARRAGE "D" Is TO BE DELIVERED T.S.F. T.P.S. Series of N Series of W Series of P 1. To avoid any mistake, the flaring rockets used during the night will include only signals with one fire and without parachute. -- HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. July 12th, 1918. MEMORANDUM NO. 232. Secret Corrected Copy The following is published for the information and guidance of all concerned. This new code takes effect on July 11th, at 8:00 P.M. I. SIGNALS MADE BY THE INFANTRY BY FIREWORKS SIGNALS FIREWORKS a - Reauest of the Infantry I 1 am here Request for Artillery fire We are going to advance, lengthen fire Artillery fire too short A gas attack b - Outlining the Debouch of the attack (the enemy is leaving his trenches and advancing towards ours) The enemy is entering our 1st Position and marching toward the parallel of the redoubts The enemy is arriving in front of the hinterland companies The enemy is arriving in front of the Intermediate Position White Bengal fire (rocket with 1 white star). Three white stars. Six white stars. Rocket or fire of red color. Rocket or fire of green color. advance of the enemy White caterpillar (V.B. stick rocket, Series of N._. _.) Barrage rocket (3 white stars). Day flag rocket (Series of W.__ ). White, red and green parachute fires launched simultaneously by night. Yellow smoke (V.B. stick rocket), Series of P._.) The above signals will be launched preferably with stick rockets the signals of which rise to nearly 200 meters above the V.B. signals, and which have thus every chance of passing an artificial cloud and being seen by the balloon which assures the permanent observation. The balloon is then immediately to alert the Artillery and the Commander by telephone and especially by wireless. 236 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY II -SIGNALS MADE BY THE INFANTRY AEROPLANE BY FIREWORKS BY SEARCHLIGHT I am the aeroplane of the Infantry Division at the right of the Army Corps 1 white star I am the aeroplane of the Infantry Division of the Center of the Army Corps 1 white star I am the aeroplane of the Infantry Division at the left of the Army Corps 2 white stars Where are you (outlining order) 6 white stars Understood 3 white stars Threat of attack or counter-attack in the direction of where I am Yellow smoke Debouch of the enemy attack White caterpillar Enemy tanks marching in the same direction as that in which I am marching Red smoke The outlining signals will be repeated by rocket (aeroplane) White caterpillar Fixed fire Series of dots.. Series of dashes By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION SECOND SECTION July 16, 1918, Midnight. SUMMARY OF EVENTS FROM MIDNIGHT JULY 15 TO MIDNIGHT JULY 16. 1. There is no additional information as to the Order of Battle. The position of the enemy divisions opposite the front of the 42d Division from East to West is the 7th Division, the 88th Division and the 1st Bavarian Division from Tahure to the Suippes-Souain Road; the 2d Bavarian Division, the Guard Cavalry Division and the 1st Division from the Suippes-Souain Road to a point about a kilometer West of St. Hilaire-le-Grand. It is probable that there is an additional division not yet identified on the West of the 1st Division. 2. The enemy divisions attacked on a front of from 2500 to 3000 meters. Each division had two regiments in the first line and one in support. In general each regiment had two battalions in the first line with one in support and each battalion had two companies in the first line and two in support. From information given by prisoners it is learned that each attack division was followed by a division in support. From these figures it is possible to estimate that the attack on the Champagne front was made with 25 divisions, in the front line and in support, on a front of about thirty kilometers. 3. The number and first-class quality of the divisions in the attack make it clear that the enemy expected great results. Captured documents show that one of the enemy divisions which attacked West of the front of the 21st Corps was expected to reach the Marne between Aulnay and Cherville in the evening of July 15. Chalons, as stated in yesterday's report, was to be taken at 4 A.M. on the morning of the 16th. However, the battle has so far resulted in a complete check for the enemy at all points. The three divisions of the 21st Corps aided by elements of the 42d Division and a Polish regiment broke the attack of seven divisions of the best German troops. DOCUMENTS 237 4. According to captured documents the infantry attack was aided by 900 minenwerfer. The number of tanks taking part in the attack is still unknown. At one point on the front of the 43d French Division ten tanks were in action. It is reported by prisoners that the German losses were very heavy. It is said that one of the divisions waiting to attack suffered from our artillery counterpreparation to such an extent that it could not attack and its place was taken by its support division. An entire enemy battalion is said to have been annihilated by our artillery fire on the front of the 13th French Division. Prisoners state that our barrage fell at the very moment of the infantry assault and that their losses were tremendous. The infantry fighting was very violent. At one point on the intermediate position the enemy renewed his attack seven times between 8 A.M. and noon. The village of Perthes was taken by the enemy but retaken by the French counter-attack. An isolated detachment of the 43d French Division was reported by out aviators to be still holding out and fighting in the Bois des Perdreaux during the afternoon of the 16th. 5. Throughout the night of July 15-16 the enemy aviation was extremely active over our rear areas. Bombs were dropped on roads and towns and the enemy planes fired with machine guns on moving troops and convoys. During the day of the 16th the airplane activity over our forward areas continued. During the evening of the 16th the activity over our rear was renewed but no serious damage has resulted. A low flying plane was brought down by an automatic rifleman of the 165th Infantry about 8 P.M. The aviator was killed. Twenty enemy pursuit planes are reported to be in permanent patrol in the sector over our lines to prevent our planes from penetrating the enemy territory. Twenty enemy observation balloons have been in ascension on our front. 6. During the attack various points to a distance of twenty kilometers from the front were bombarded by the enemy. This fire was mainly on roads and cantonments and at midnight July 16-17 shells were still falling in the region of Vadenay. Throughout the day of the 16th the battalions of the 165th and 166th Infantry on the intermediate position received a heavy fire of gas shells. 7. Tanks were again seen by our observers in the evening of the 16th near the Bois Raquette and were fired on and destroyed by the French artillery. 8. During the night of the 15th-16th a platoon of the 165th Infantry was attacked by a raiding party of 21 Germans. Our men went over the top to meet them and killed the entire party with the bayonet without loss to themselves. 9. The 165th Infantry reports that a party of Germans with French helmets and coats attempted to penetrate one of our boyeaux. The leader succeeded in approaching our machine gunner, posted at this point, saying that he was French. When within a short distance of the gun the German threw a grenade which wounded our gunner. The gunner's team mate seized the gun, turned it on the Germans and put them to flight. The 166th Infantry reports that an officer in French helmet and coat approached an outpost guard saying that he was bringing back a detachment of French from farther front and requested the guard not to fire. The detachment proved to be Germans in French helmets and coats. These incidents are reported so that everyone will be on his guard against German ruses. 10. On the Marne front south of Dormans the French counter-attack of July 16 drove the enemy back to within a kilometer of Courthiezy and retook Comblizy. South of Chatillon-sur-Marne the enemy has pushed east on the south side of the river to within three kilometers of Boursault. No other information from that front at this time. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff, Chief of Staff. 238 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY LATER: The 117th Trench Mortar Battery reports that during the infantry attack of the 15th, it put out of action and destroyed four enemy tanks. GERMAN COMMUNIQUE 4 P.M. July 16. Between the Aisne and the Marne and east of Chateau Thierry, lively artillery fighting. In smaller operations and in a raid across the Marne southwest of Jaulgonne we broke into the enemy lines and brought back some prisoners. Southwest and east of Rheims we penetrated into portions of the French positions. Artillery, minenwerfer and flamenwerfer in conjunction with tanks and projectors cleared the way for our infantry into the enemy positions. The Army of General Von Boehm crossed the Marne between Jaulgonne and Dormans. Pioneers in the early gray of morning ferried the storm troops across the river and created thereby the basis for the success of the day. The infantry stormed the steep slopes on the south bank of the Marne. Under their protection the laying of bridges was completed. In the local fighting we penetrated the stubbornly defended wooded region of the first enemy position and threw the enemy back upon his rear lines at Conde-La Chapelle-Comblizey-Mareuil. Also north of the Marne we captured from the French and Italians their first position between the Ardre and the Marne. Our fighting positions in the evening ran through the line Chatillon-Cuchery-Chaumizey. The Armies of Generals von Mudra and von Einem attacked the enemy in Champagne from Prunay, east of Rheims, to Tahure and captured, with the enemy stubbornly resisting our attack, the first French position. South of Nauroy-Moronvillers we forced our way over the Cornillet ridge-Lossberg-Keilberg and Pochlberg through the crater field of last year's Spring drive up to the Roman road northwest of Prosnes and into the forest region south of the Pine mountain. East of the Suippes we took away from the enemy the field of the Champagne battles between Auberive and southeast of Tahure. On the front east of Rheims the enemy is holding his second position north of Prosnes-Souain-Perthes. The number of prisoners brought in to date amounts to more than 13,000. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION A. E. F. 10 December 1918. REPORT ON OPERATION IN CHAMPAGNE On 4th July 18, a general attack was expected. The 42nd Division, at this time was preparing for a minor operation to be conducted near Olizy. Upon receipt of certain information of the impending attack, the orders for the Olizy operation were revoked. The 42nd Division was placed at the disposal of the 21st Army Corps and entered the line under the conditions described in General Order 47, c.s., these Headquarters. From this time until relieved on July 18, the Division was under command of the French. The Division Commander was to assume command of the Sectors of Souain and Esperance when the Germans reached the second position. As the Germans were stopped before the Intermediate position (the 1st Position of Resistance), this never happened. Beginning with July 18, the Division moved to the La Ferte-sous-Jouarre area. There it entered into the second phase of the Second Battle of the Marne, commonly called the Chateau Thierry Operation. A report of this operation is appended. For a record of events during the German attack of the 15th of July, it will be necessary to communicate with the 4th French Army and the 21st French Army Corps. (Sgd.) C. A. F. FLAGLER, Major General, U.S.A. THE AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. July 20th, 1918. GENERAL ORDERS No.48. Secret 1. Pursuant to orders from the 4th French Army, the 42nd Division (which has been put at the disposition of the Commander-in-Chief of the French Army) will, beginning on the morning of July 21st, 1918, proceed westward, by rail, in accordance with the entraining tables appended hereto. The definite destination of the division is unknown. 2. At the Regulating Station for Debarkation, at present unknown, an advanced headquarters of the division will be established from which organization commanders will receive further orders. 3. Trucks and motor transportation (excepting so much thereof as to which other provisions are made in paragraph 5 of this order) will proceed overland in accordance with orders to be issued later. 4. Two days' travel and forage rations will be issued by the Division Quartermaster at the entraining point to each entraining organization during its entrainment. For this purpose, organization commanders will, by 8:00 P.M., July 20th, 1918, submit to the Division Quartermaster, at Division Headquarters, ration returns to cover the issue of these rations. Travel and forage rations so issued will be loaded on the trains by the organizations concerned. Upon arrival at destination, rations and forage for organizations will, under direction of the Division Quartermaster, be furnished the respective supply companies of infantry and artillery regiments and to the headquarters of other units at their respective stations after detraining. 5. All commanders of entraining organizations, including brigade and regimental commanders, will accompany the headquarters of their respective units. The automobiles assigned these officers will be loaded on trains carrying their respective headquarters. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff, Chief of Staff. — '-' --- — HEADQUARTERS 42D DIVISION SECOND SECTION 9 A.M., July 24, 1918. Confidential Bulletin of Information Number 4. 1. The 42d Division is now attached to the 6th French Army. The German Order of Battle opposite the front of this Army is, from South to North, as follows: The 10th Landwehr Division, the 201st Division, the 87th Division, the 4th Ersatz Division, the 36th Division, the 33d Division and the 45th Reserve Division. 2. The front at midnight July 23-24 from Southeast to Northwest was: LE CHARMEL, LA CENSE DE DIEU, EPIEDS, L'HERMITAGE, the East edge of the BoIS DU CHATELET, COINCY, ARMENTIERES, BRENY. LE CHARMEL, COINCY and BRENY are held by us, while EPIEDS and ARMENTIERES are in the hands of the enemy. LE CHARMEL was taken by the Americans the morning of July 23. EPIEDS, taken by the Americans the evening of the 22d, was retaken by a strong 239 240 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY oounter-attack on the afternoon of the 23d. On the afternoon of the 23d the French captured COINCY. 3. The enemy is holding his line with greater firmness and the orders to retreat have been countermanded. Prisoners from the 87th Division state that during the evening of July 21 one battalion of each of the regiments of the division was ordered to protect the retreat of the other battalions. However, at 5 A.M. on the 22d, their formations were changed and two battalions of each regiment were put into the first line. Prisoners from the 36th Division which came into the line on July 22d report that the regiments to which they belong had orders to hold their ground. An officer of the aviation service captured on July 22 states that during the afternoon of the 21st his escadrille was ordered to move to a flying field further to the rear and to burn the abandoned hangars. At 10 o'clock that night when they were about to set fire to the hangars, the Major of the escadrille returned from Division Headquarters with word to stay where they were, as the orders to retreat had been changed. It is also apparent from statements of prisoners that the enemy artillery has been reinforced. 4. The enemy has withdrawn across the Marne at all points. CHATILLONSUR-MARNE is again in the hands of the French and from that point to RHEIMS heavy fighting is going on. SOIssoNs is still held by the enemy but the heights West and South of the city have been taken and the French are still pushing the attack. The French have also taken the offensive between Montdidier and Moreuil. On a front of five kilometers they have advanced three kilometers and have retaken the village of Mailly-Raineval. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff, Chief of Staff. 0-. 1ST ARMY CORPS, U.S. SECOND SECTION, G.S. July 26, 1918. INFORMATION ABOUT THE OURCQ IN OUR SECTOR The river OURCQ cuts across our present sector at almost right angles to our line of march. The part that we are interested in (S. and W. of SERGY) has the following characteristics: The stream is about 6 meters wide and about 50 cm. deep, and flows in a narrow valley between well defined banks, with only a few spots of marshy ground. It is crossed by the following bridges: At SERGY, a stone bridge 5 m. wide, 3 m. between side-walks. There is also a small stone bridge on the runway of the mill of SERGY, 1X2 m. wide. At the MOULIN VERT a stone bridge on the runway of the mill, 4%2 m. between parapets, and another smaller one at the PETIT MOULIN, just N. of VILLERSSUR-FERE. The Ru DU POMPBRULE which flows into the OURCQ N. of VILLERS-SURFERE seems to be very small and unimportant. No details as to its depth or size can be found. Towns: VILLERS-SUR-FERE, population 497; 139 houses; 39 wells; umbrella factory; brick-yard..SERGY, population 256; 78 houses; 20 wells. SERINGES-ET-NESLES, population 293; 90 houses; 12 wells. NESLES: From W. to E., in almost a straight line, there is an old chateau, a small cluster of buildings, and 2 farms. Miscellaneous: Farms at the following points are likely to contain machine,gun nests: LA CROIX BLANCHE Farm, 93.5-69.6; a farm at 93.3-71.8; FAVIERE Farm, 95.2-71.3; LA GRANGE, 96.3-72.8; brick-kiln, 93.5-73.1; MEURCY Farm, 95.2-74.9. DOCUMENTS 241 HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. OPERATION ORDER July 26, 1918. No. 9. MAPS: 1/20,000 FERE-EN-TARDENOIS and CONDE-EN-BRIE. 1. The general situation remains unchanged, except that on our left the enemy has retired from HILL 228. Our front line is generally along the line HILL 228-Cross Roads 27.95-Point 28.92. 2. Pursuant to instructions, Headquarters 42nd Division, July 26, 1918, the 83rd Infantry Brigade, supported by the A.D. 167 and with 67th Field Artillery Brigade in positions in readiness, will attack the enemy with a normal objective, VILLERS-SUR-FERE and an ultimate objective the south bank of the RIVER OURCQ. The day J and the hour H will be announced later. 3. (a) The artillery preparation will be delivered by the elements of the A.D. 167 reinforced by the 150th Field Artillery, under orders of the A.D. 167. (b) After the advance has commenced, the 149th Field Artillery and the 150th Field Artillery, less 2nd Bn. 150th F.A., under the command of Colonel Henry J. Reilly, will support the 3rd Bn., 165th Infantry; and the 151st Field Artillery and 2nd Bn. 150th Field Artillery, under the command of Colonel George E. Leach, will support the 1st Bn. 165th Infantry. (c) No batteries of the 150th Field Artillery will be advanced beyond the southwest edge of the FORET DE FERE. 4. An Ammunition Distributing Point will be established by the Division Munitions Officer at the farm 80.62 (southwest of COURPOIL). Ammunition Officers will establish liaison with the Division Munitions Officer at that point at 22:00 o'clock. During the course of the attack the distributing station will be moved forward in the discretion of the Division Munitions Officer, but not farther northeast than LE FOUR A'VERRE. 5. Regimental commanders will send detachments of observation and liaison to report to the Commanding Officer, 165th Infantry at COURPOIL, by 20:00 o'clock today. All practicable liaison must be maintained with the infantry, particular dependence being placed on mounted messengers. 6. Axis of Liaison: TRUGNY-EPIEDS-COURPOIL-BEAUVARDE. 7. Messages to the Brigade Commander at TRUGNY (FRISCO). Brigade message center at COURPOIL, at P.C. 165th Infantry. By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. H. NANCE, Major, F.A., U.S.A., Adjutant. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. July 27th, 1918. GENERAL ORDERS Copy No. 18 No.51 Secret Advanced P. C. 9:30 A.M. REFERENCE MAPS FERE-EN-TARDENOIS 1 20,000. RERECE PCONDE-EN-BRIE 1: 20,000. 1. Pursuant to orders from the 6th Army, the 42nd Division (with the 166th Infantry, having passed through and taken over the front of the 164th French Infantry Division) will be prepared to attack, under cover of darkness on the night of July 27-28, at an hour H, to be communicated later. The objective of the attack will be the following line: The North bank of the River OURCQ between the points MEURCY FERME (inclusive) on the west and triangulation Point 212 (inclusive) on the east. 2. The 7th French Corps on the right of the 42nd Division, with the 52nd French Division at its right, and the 38th French Corps on the left of the 42nd 242 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Division, with the 39th French Division on its left, will be prepared to attack simultaneously and will have, each as their respective objective, a continuation of the line of the objective of the 42nd Division to either flank. 3. (a) The axis of advance of the 42nd Division will be along the line: EPIEDS-CORPOIL-BEUVARDES-Northeast tip of town of BEUVARDES-LE FOUR VERRE-Point 16.96-East to LA CROIX ROUGE FERME to VILLERS SUR FERE roadLAFOLIE-VILLERS SUR FERE-COTE 124-MouLINVERT-MEURCY FERME, which line will also be the dividing line between the 83rd and the 84th Infantry Brigades. (b) The 84th Infantry Brigade, reinforced by the 149th Machine Gun Battalion and supported by the 51st Field Artillery Brigade (Brigadier General D. C. Aultman, commanding), will attack on the left' of this line. It will have the 168th Infantry on its right and the 167th Infantry on its left, abreast of each other. The 149th Machine Gun Battalion, in Brigade Reserve, will follow as directed by the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade. This brigade will have as its regimental axes of advance, the following: For the i67th Infantry: Along the line of the divisional axis of advance from BEUVARDES to point on road LA CROIX ROUGE FERME to VILLERS SUR FERE at 30.10Y2, thence northeasterly along bed of RU DE LA TAVERNE to intersection of that stream with FRESNES-VILLERS SUR FERE road-woods on SERGY to FERE EN TARDENOIS road at point 57.38. For the i68th Infantry: Along the line from BALANCHERES-road BALANCHERES-Cote 175-FAVIERE FERME-to intersection of that road with FRESNESVILLERS SUR FERE road at 60.19-crossroads 8/10 kilometer southwest of SERGYSERGY. (c) The 83rd Infantry Brigade, supported by the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, will attack on the left of the boundary line fixed in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph. It will be disposed with the 165th Infantry on its right and the 166th Infantry on its left, abreast of each other. The axis of advance of this brigade will be along the following line: Northwest of tip of town of BEUVARDES-north along road to PREAUX FERME-Point 16.15-thence along road from that point to point 26.22-thence to intersection of that road with FRESNES to VILLERS SUR FERE road-East along road last mentioned to crossroads at point 43.36-Northeasterly to COTE 124 and MOULINVERT-thence to MEURCY FERME. 4. This attack will be in the nature of a surprise and, consequently, troops in the attack will not fire during the assault but will confine themselves to the bayonet. The attack will be preceded by a violent artillery preparation (in which the Divisional Artillery of both the 167th and the 164th French Divisions respectively, will participate), of ten minutes duration, commencing at H-10 minutes, and will be accomplished under the directions of the Commanding Generals of the 67th and 51st Field Artillery Brigades, respectively. This artillery preparation and the supporting fire after the H hour will include interdiction fire and a powerful concentration on the enemy centers of resistance and strong points. When practicable, accompanying artillery barrage (delivered by 67th and 51st Field Artillery Brigades, and also by the Divisional Artillery of the 164th and 167th French Divisions) will be set down on such points, and at such a rate of progress as the respective infantry brigade commanders shall indicate. Artillery will follow closely the advance of the infantry which it supports. Reciprocal liaison from artillery to infantry and from infantry to artillery will be maintained for this purpose. 5. The 12th U.S. Aviation Squadron will be attached to the 42nd Division. Brigade, regimental and battalion commanders will make sure that their headquarters' panels are displayed at their respective posts of command; and that indications of our front line by individual panels or Bengal lights or handkerchiefs, if necessary, are promptly given (by both infantry and artillery) when called for by the aeroplane. 6. The axes of liaison will be as follows: (a) For the 42nd Division: along its axis of advance, as defined in subparagraph (a) of paragraph 3 hereof. 1This is clearly an error; the word "left" should read "right." DOCUMENTS 243 (b) 83rd Infantry Brigade: along its axis of advance, as defined in subparagraph (c) of paragraph 3 hereof. (c) 84th Infantry Brigade: along its axes of advance as defined in subparagraph (b) of paragraph 3 hereof. Along each of these axes, telephone communications as far as regimental headquarters will be established by the 117th Field Signal Battalion. Wireless and T.P.S. communications from battalion headquarters to the rear will be established at the earliest possible moment. 8. Dressing and Ambulance stations will be established, under the direction of the Division Surgeon, along the line of advance of the 42nd Division indicated in paragraph 3 hereof. An evacuation hospital will be maintained in the Northerly tip of the Bois DE TRUGNY, 1 kilometer east of EPIEDS. Evacuation of wounded will follow the axes of advance of the respective infantry regiments as far as BEUVARDES, and thence along the divisional axis of liaison. 9. Lines of supply will, in general, follow the divisional axis of liaison from EPIEDS as far as BEUVARDES, and thence along the respective axes of advance of the infantry regiments. 10. Advanced examining and collecting posts for prisoners will be established under the direction of the Assistant Provost Marshal, 42nd Division, along the divisional axis of liaison, from which points prisoners will, under mounted escort (to be furnished by the 117th T.H. & M.P.) be forwarded to these headquarters. 11. Division headquarters will remain at TRUGNY. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff. Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, Secret July 27, 1918. Advanced P.C. 1:00 P.M. MEMORANDUM TO ACCOMPANY GENERAL ORDER NO. 51 FROM THESE HEADQUARTERS 1. Orders have been received deferring the operation prescribed in General Order No.51 from these headquarters. 2. All preparation will be completed so that in case orders for its resumption are received this operation may be properly carried to accomplishment. 3. Pursuant to orders from the 1st Army Corps, the 42nd Division will take over the front now occupied by the 52nd French Division. The relief of that division will be accomplished under orders from the Commanding General, 52nd French Division. The Commanding General, 83rd Infantry Brigade and the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, will report to the Commanding General, 52nd French Division, (P. C. CHATEAU JOUVENCE, 1 kilometer east of BRECY) for instructions in regard to the relief. It is desired that the relief be completed as rapidly as possible. By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. OPERATION ORDER July 27, 191& No.10. 14:45 o'clock. MAPS: 1/20,000 FERE-EN-TARDENOIS and CONDE-EN-BRIE. 1. The enemy has fallen back approximately four kilometers along our entire front. The 165th Infantry, in the sector of the 167th French Division, and 244 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY the 166th Infantry in the sector of the 164th French Division, is advancing to gain contact with the enemy. 2. The 83rd Infantry Brigade will advance northeast, with the axis of liaison COURPOIL-BEAUVARDE-PREAUX FARM-VILLERS-SUR-FERE pushing on until serious resistance is encountered. 3. This brigade will support the advance of the 83rd Infantry Brigade, as follows: (a) The 151st Field Artillery and the 3rd Bn. 150th Field Artillery, Colonel George E. Leach commanding, will support the advance of the 165th Infantry. (b) The 149th Field Artillery and the 1st Bn. 150th Field Artillery, Colonel Henry J. Reilly commanding, will support the advance of the 166th Infantry. 4. Detachments of observation and liaison will be reported to the respective infantry commanders with the least possible delay, and liaison with them and with these headquarters will be thereafter maintained by all possible means. 5. The Division Munitions Officer will establish a distributing point at the Farm 80.62 (one kilometer southwest of COURPOIL). 6. Messages to the Brigade Commander at TRUGNY (FRISCO). Forward message center for the brigade at COURPOIL (Headquarters 84th Infantry Brigade). By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. H. NANCE, Major, F.A., U.S.A. Adjutant. 0o HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F., July 28th, 1918. Advanced P.C., MEMORANDUM: Secret 11: 30 A.M. No. 37 1. Unless orders are received from higher authority, the following general plan will govern the further advance of the 42nd Division. 2. The general line SERINGES-ET-NESLES-NESLES will be consolidated and held during the day of July 28th and the following night, the main body being prepared to move forward from this line at daybreak on the morning of July 29th. The consolidation of the above line will involve the pushing forward of contact and reconnaissance patrols in an endeavor to maintain contact with the enemy. 3. Every effort will be made, as soon as the line SERINGES-ET-NESLESNESLES is consolidated, to advance supply trains and to secure organizations the maximum amount of rest and refreshment. 4. The general axis of advance of the division and its elements will be as indicated on the map herewith. The regimental lines of advance mark the supply routes for the corresponding organizations rather than the actual tactical axis of their forward movement. For example, the movement of the brigades to capture the Forest of NESLES would naturally be around rather than through the limits thereof. 5. In the advance, the infantry of the division will move in four regimental columns, each regiment being echeloned in three battalion depth. The artillery will conform its movements to the infantry in accordance with the system now in operation. 6. In the forward movement, liaison must be kept between the advancing elements of the four columns. As long as the line is well tied in on itself and maintains contact with the corps on its right and left, it can advance or pause with perfect safety. The moment this close contact is lost, the menace of a counter attack becomes great. Every effort must be made to get information back to the next higher commander. Reports should be made at regular inter DOCUMENTS 245 vals of every three hours during the advance, as well as when a special situation demands it. 7. Posts of Command will be as follows: P.C. 83rd Brigade VILLERS-SUR-FERE P.C. 84th Brigade SERGY P.C. 67th Brigade BEUVARDES P.C. 51st Brigade BEUVARDES P.C. 42nd Division BEUVARDES By command of Major General Menoher: DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, Brigadier General, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. OPERATIONS REPORT, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN E. F. JULY 25TH-AUGUST 3RD, 1918. The Division commenced to move forward from Laferte-sous-Jouarre on July 24th. On July 25th, the 84th Infantry Brigade relieved the 56th Infantry Brigade of the 28th Division, U.S. The remaining elements of the Division were moved into the Epieds Area during the day. On the afternoon of July 26th, the 84th Infantry Brigade attacked in the direction of La Croix Rouge Ferme and captured the farm buildings, sustaining heavy losses from machine gun fire. During the night, the enemy withdrew. On July 27th, the entire Division took up the pursuit and gained contact along the line of the Ourcq. In spite of strong resistance, on the morning of July 28th, both the 83rd and 84th Infantry Brigades, supported by the 51st and 67th Field Artillery Brigades, crossed the Ourcq, captured Sergy and established themselves on the northern slope of the stream. The enemy launched a heavy counter attack, employing a fresh division, the 4th Guards, and retook Sergy, but we attacked again and recaptured the village. Severe fighting ensued, Sergy changing hands four times, but the enemy was unable to break our hold on the north bank of the stream. On the morning of July 29th, we definitely occupied Sergy and captured Meurcy Ferme. In the afternoon, after stubborn resistance by the enemy, the 83rd Infantry Brigade assaulted and took Seringes. At 8:00 P.M., the Division held the line Seringes-Meurcy Ferme-Sergy-Hill 212. On July 30th, the Division attacked in the face of heavy machine gun and artillery fire, the 83rd Infantry Brigade advancing to the southwestern edge of Foret de Nesles-38.55, the 84th Infantry Brigade advancing its left across the heights northwest of Sergy and its right about 1 kilometer north of Sergy. On July 31st, the 84th Infantry Brigade attacked on the right but failed to make any appreciable advance due to the inability of the troops on our right to progress. At 6:00 P.M. the line held by the Division was approximately the southern edge of Foret de Nesles-Meurcy Ferme, 95.5-74.5, 95.8-74.3, and 96.7 -73.8, extending on the right to Hill 220, south of Pelger Woods. On August 1st, the 84th Infantry Brigade again attacked but was unable to advance due to exposing its right flank. On August 2nd, the Division advanced in liaison with the division on the right. The enemy withdrew and the Division took active pursuit meeting opposition in the form of artillery and machine gun fire. In order to permit the pursuit by fresh troops, while still advancing the infantry of the Division was relieved by the passing through of the 4th U.S. Division. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade was attached to the 4th Division 246 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and proceeded with them to the Vesle. It supported this division in the crossing of the Vesle and remained with them until the night of August 10-11th, when it was relieved and withdrawn to the vicinity of Moucheton Chateau. Killed Wounded Missing Off. Meff Meff Men Off. Men Infantry 24 609 134 3641 560 Machine Gun 1 53 3 349 18 Artillery 0 9 5 108 25 671 142 4098 578 OBSERVATIONS. 1. The enemy fought a strong rear guard action on carefully selected positions which were defended principally by machine guns supported by thin lines of infantry and by artillery fire. The machine gun positions were skillfully chosen and well camouflaged, and apparently suffered little from our artillery fire. 2. It would have been of great advantage to the Division had it been supplemented by other arms. During the pursuit, cavalry would have been very useful in establishing and maintaining contact with the enemy. Tanks or armored cars could have been used with excellent effect against machine gun nests, and the fact that the enemy had practically complete control of the air not only prevented our troops from receiving adequate information but enabled the enemy to adopt a very aggressive attitude in the way of firing on our troops with machine guns and bombs. 3. In warfare of this character, at least a part of our light artillery should be used aggressively and pushed up with the advance infantry for use in destroying by direct fire located machine gun nests. 4. It would appear that in attacking machine gun positions, the infantry should take a formation calculated to give intense fire superiority to cover the advance of detachments moving forward to attack the nests in the flank or rear. Many opportunities appeared where small groups could have done effective work by crawling forward on the flanks of machine gun positions, and had this method been followed, losses might have been avoided. 5. In the pursuit by infantry, the approach formations should be used cautiously. Advance guard formations can progress much more rapidly and tend to prevent the possibility of surprise. All pursuit bodies should be preceded by scouts and patrols thrown well in advance. 6. All means of liaison should be used to the utmost, and rapidly advancing infantry should invariably be accompanied by aeroplanes, capable of directing the fire of their own artillery. Runners are apt to get lost in warfare of this character and their routes should be carefully marked. Judicious use of a relay system of runners is recommended. Because of necessary attendant delay in the delivery of messages, runners should be used as a last resort and after every means of rapid liaison has been employed as long as possible. 7. Excellent results were obtained by locating Artillery Commanders' P.C.'s. at the P.C.'s. of the infantry units they were supporting, down to battalions. 8. Wire and other Engineering material should be pushed well forward with the advance. In several instances, had the enemy prepared and executed a powerful counter attack, he might have made substantial progress before strikin,g organized resistance. Material should be readily available to establish posi. tions of defense in rear of the advance as circumstances require. 9. The supply problem in a rapid advance of this character is serious and should be carefully organized in advance. With American troops, the matter of water supply is a most important one, and considerable sickness has resulted from the use of infected or impure water. C. A. F. FLAGLER, Major General, U.S.A., Commanding. DOCUMENTS 247 HEADQUARTERS 4TH DIVISION AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. Secret France, August 6, 1918. FIELD ORDER Time: 12:40 A.M. No.27. MArS: } FiSMES 1: 20,000 { CHEMIN DES DAMES-SUD 1 1. Our efforts to cross the VESLE have developed strongly organized hostile machine gun nests and Minenwerfer fire from concealed positions along our entire front. The hostile artillery has been active. Patrols from our forces have been across the VESLE, but could not advance beyond the railroad North of the river. 2. All troops North of the VESLE have been ordered to withdraw to the South side of the river during the night 5-6 August 1918. 3. ARTILLERY: From H-4 hours (H hour to be notified later) the artillery will carry out fire of destruction on the town of BAZOCHES and HAUTE MAISON and all probable machine gun and minenwerfer positions in the sector North of the VESLE as far as line 288. At H hour a barrage with 75's will be put down on railroad North of the VESLE and remain there until H+30 minutes when it will be advanced to a line 300 meters North of the railroad where it will rest until H+1 hour and be advanced to the ROUEN-REIMS ROUTE NATIONALE No.31, where it will rest until H+1 hour and 15 minutes when it will be advanced to a line 200 meters North of the ROUEN-REIMS ROUTE NATIONALE No.31 where it will rest until H+1 hour and 40 minutes and then cease unless the Infantry signals for a barrage. During the entire advance certain battalions will be designated to carry on a combing fire on the wooded areas North of the ROUEN-REIMS ROUTE NATIONALE No.31. When the heavy artillery fire on BAZOCHES and HAUTE MAISON ceases fire from these guns will be put down on PERLES and VAUXCERE and any other targets that may present themselves. 4. INFANTRY: At H-30 minutes troops that are to advance across the VESLE will be in position as near as possible to points selected by Brigade Commanders for crossing the river. At H+30 minutes the crossing of the VESLE will begin and troops placed in position on the South side of the railroad embankment. At H+1 hour the line will advance from the railroad to the South side of the ROUEN-REIMS ROUTE NATIONALE No.31 where they will dig in. The advance from the railroad to the ROUEN-REIMS ROUTE NATIONALE No.31 will be at the rate of 100 meters in 4 minutes. After the artillery barrage ceases patrols will be pushed forward to the general line Hills 176.0 and 170.3 and if this line is found not strongly held by the enemy it will be occupied and prepared for defense. Brigade Commanders will not send to exceed two battalions of infantry and one company of machine guns per brigade across the river without authority of the Division Commander. Special mopping up details will be designated beforehand to mop up the towns of BAZOCHES and HAUTE MAISON. These details will be provided with hand phosphorus grenades for clearing out cellars and dugouts, and all troops will be well supplied with entrenching tools. Limits of sectors: As indicated on attached map. 5. ENGINEERS: A detachment of 30th Engineers will put a smoke barrage on BAZOCHES from H hour to H+1 hour and on HAUTE MAISON from H hour to H+1 hour 15 minutes. The Commanding Officer 4th Engineers will make all necessary arrangements to place foot bridges across the VESLE at points selected by Brigade Commanders. 248 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 6. AERONAUTICS: The 12th Aero Squadron will furnish observation planes for both artillery and infantry for these operations. 7. LIAISON: Liaison will be in accordance with Plan of Liaison Headquarters 4th Division, August 3Td, 1918. All troops must have impressed upon them the importance of marking their position by panels or flares when called upon by the Aeroplanes to do so. 8. PLAN OF COMMUNICATION, SUPPLY AND EVACUATION: No change. 9. P.C.'s. P.C. 4th Division: No Change. P.C. 7th Brigade: No Change. P.C. 8th Brigade: No Change. GEO. H. CAMERON, Major General, N.A. 0 HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, Secret FRANCE. August 6, 1918. OPERATION ORDER 4: 00 o'clock. No.ll MAPS{ FisMES 1120,000. MAPS:{ CHEMIN DES DAMES (SUD) }1/20000 1. The general situation remains unchanged. All elements of our forces have been withdrawn to the south bank of the VESLE River. The enemy holds the town of BAZOCHES and the wooded clumps on the north bank of the river with machine guns and trench mortars and has his artillery on the hills to the north. 2. The 4th Division, operating on the front of the First Army Corps (U.S.) will attack with artillery preparation and accompaniment, at the hour H on the day J, to be announced later for the purpose of gaining the ROUEN-RHEIMS Road and entrenching thereon and pushing forward reconnoitering patrols to the tops of the hills beyond. 3. This attack will be preceded and accompanied by fire of the Divisional Artillery in accordance with the following plan: (a) ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMAND: Divisional Artillery: Brigadier General George G. Gatley, commanding. Light Field Artillery of the right subsector: Colonel George E. Leach, Field Artillery, commanding. 2 Bns., 151st Field Artillery. 1 Bn., 16th Field Artillery. Light Field Artillery of the left subsector: Colonel Henry J. Reilly, Field Artillery, commanding. 2 Bns., 149th Field Artillery. 1 Bn., 77th Field Artillery. Heavy Short Artillery: Colonel Robert H. Tyndall, 150th Field Arti commanding. 3 Bns., 150th Field Artillery. 3 Bns., 13th Field Artillery. 151st 149th illery, (b) MISSIONS: Light Field Artillery: Destruction of suspected machine gun nests and strong points, and accompanying fire for the infantry attack. Heavy Short Artillery: Destruction fire on enemy towns and rear organizations. (c) ZONES OF ACTION: Normal zones of action of the light field artillery are shown on the attached chart. DOCUMENTS 249 The normal zone of action of the heavy short artillery is the entire front of the corps sector. (d) PROGRAMME OF FIRE: Hour IIBatteries From To lKind of Firel Obj ective Participating Rate H-4h H-3h45min Destruction Towns of BAZOU- 12 batteries rd per gun CHEs and LA 155 rn/rn per minute HAUTE MAISON H-3h45min. H Same Same Same 16 rds per gun I I ____I per hour 1-1 H+15 min.iSame Same Same '/2 rd per gunl I I I _ _ _ _ _ _ I per minute H-153 H~3Omin. Same Same Same 6 rds per gun I I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I __ _ _ _ _ _ I per hour H —4hours H-2min. Destruction Woods and sus- 18 batteries 20 rds per gun pected strong 75 in/in per hour points in normal zones of action H H+30min. Standing Line A-2 6 batteries 100 rds per gun Barrage 151st F.A. per hour. 6 batteries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149th F. A. _ _ _ _ _ H H~30min. Raking Area between Rail- 3 batteries 20 rds per gun road and ROUEN- 16th F.A. per hour. RHEIms road 3 batteries _______________ _________ 77th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ _ H-+30 H-j1h40 Destruction Villages of PERLES 12 batteries 6 rds per gun and VAux FERaE 155 in/in per hour and Ravine de L'HomMES MORT H-30 H~1 hour Standing Line C-D 6 batteries 100 rds per gun Barrage 151st F.A. per hour 6 batteries _______________ _________ ~149th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ _ 11+20 H+1 hour Raking Area between lines 3 batteries 30 rds per gun C-D and line y 16th F.A. per hour =-288 3 batteries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I 7 7th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ _ H1+1h H+1h 15" Standing Line E-F 6 batteries 100 rds per gun Barrage 151st F.A. per hour 6 batteries _______________ _________ ~149th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ _ H~1h15 H-j1h40 Raking Area between line 3 batteries 30 rds per gun G-H and line y 16th F.A. per hour =288 3 batteries _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I 77th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ _ H+1h1S H+1h25 Standing Line G-H 6 batteries 30 rounds per Barrage 151st F.A. gun per hour 6 batteries __________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 149th F.A. _ _ _ _ _ H+1h25 H+1h40 Same Line G-H 6 batteries- Diminishing. 151st F.A. Average of 6 batteries ~2round per ______________ 149th F.A. Iminute. 250 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 4. After H+lh25, the standing barrage along the line G-H will be repeated as shown in the last two lines of the Programme of Fire, upon the call for barrage of the infantry. 5. The command of the 1st Bn., 150th F.A. will pass to the C.O. 150th F.A., at 10:00 o'clock today. By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. H. NANCE, Major, F.A., U.S.A., Adjutant. Confidential Not to be taken into front line trenches. 4th Division, A.E.F. Second Section, G.S. No. 5. SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE AUGUST 6 TO AUGUST 7, 1918. 8 P.M. TO 8 P.M. 1. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY. The day was characterized by activity of all kinds; infantry, machine guns, snipers, artillery, and aeronautics. The enemy is making a strong resistance along the river, infantry having come into action, for the first time, in counter-attacks. 2. ENEMY FRONT LINE. Our front line runs from a point 203.2-267.0 to point 202.4-287.15 along the ROUEN-RHEIMS road, thence along the railroad to southeast of BAZOCHES where it crosses to the south bank of the river. The enemy holds BAZOCHES and HAUT MAISON, and a line approximately parallel to our own. This line is held in the main by light machine guns, the main line of resistance being farther to the rear on a slope leading from the river to the heights to the north. 3. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE. Eleven prisoners taken during the day fix the order of battle as per attached sketch. The 4th G.D. has been on this front since July 27, but this is the first time that the 5th Grenadier Guard Regiment has been identified, so that it is probable that it has been in reserve during the offensive. The prisoners are classified as follows: Div..Regiment Btn. Co. Officers N.C.O's. Privates Total 17th 90th Fus. II 6th 0 0 1 1 5th 1 32 3 I 2nd 1 1 2 III 12th 1 1 89th III 9th 1 1 4th G.D. 93d Res. 1st 1 1 I 3rd 1 1 5th Gren.Gds. 1 1 4. ENEMY INFANTRY. The enemy infantry displayed more activity today than he has done at any time since the division has entered the line. His machine guns and snipers were active the entire day. An attack was made on the right flank of the sector which was repulsed, ten Germans being killed, 5 captured and ten machine guns taken. Hostile infantry were massing for an attack at 8 P.M. 5. ENEMY ARTILLERY. While active, the fire from this source was not as heavy as on preceding days. It has been directed mostly on woods and ravines where troops are most likely to be assembled. There was the usual interdiction fire on roads but not quite so much as it has been. ST. THIBAUT was again shelled. About 30 shells, 150 calibre, fell in the sector. 6. ENEMY MOVEMENTS. Two companies entered woods at 17.79. Fifty men were seen coming down the hill at 16.79. Two companies seen in BAZOCHES. 2The figure "2" has been changed to "3" with pencil in the original document. DOCUMENTS 251 Truck entered quarry at 17.74. Two hundred men were seen going north between PERLES and BLANZY DES FISMES. 7. ENEMY WORKS. A prisoner stated that he had assisted in the construction of a line of rifle pits about on the 160 contour line of Hill 176.0 N.W. of HAUTE MAISON. He stated that the wire in front of these pits had not as yet been laid. He also said that he had seen pioneers at work about four kilometers north of the ROUEN-RHEIMS road on a line of trenches and wire entanglements. Information that the same thing is being done opposite the sectors on our right and left has been received. 8. ENEMY AERONAUTICS. On account of the better weather, there was an increase in aerial activity. They came across in bunches of five and six. Two of our balloons were attacked and burned. Four enemy balloons were observed. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. A prisoner stated that there were two battalions of his regiment in caves along the slopes of the hill running north of the ROUENRHEIMS road between X co-ordinates 203 and 204. Also that machine gun emplacements have been constructed on these slopes but no wire put up. Two prisoners declared that the talk among the men is that the present positions are to be held until positions to the rear had been prepared. One prisoner stated that he had seen batteries of 77's on the northern slope of hill 176.0 and howitzers in position southwest of LONGUEVAL. A prisoner of the 89th Regiment stated that the heavy machine guns of his regiment were extended westward from the road corner 200.7-287-3 parallel and 100 meters north of the ROUEN-RHEIMS road. Most of the prisoners stated that the first line was held by light machine guns and that the heavy guns were in position further back. All these prisoners that were taken state that our artillery fire has been very heavy and most effective during the last two days. 10. ACTIVITY OF OUR OWN TROOPS. On the right of our sector the day was occupied in holding and maintaining the positions across the river which had been taken yesterday. The troops in our left sector made another effort to cross the river, which was successful and at 8 P.M. had two companies and a half across, and were in liaison with the right sector. This force had advanced as far as the railroad track. By command of Major General Cameron: EMMERT W. SAVAGE, Lieut.Colonel Inf. A.C. of S., G-2. 0 Confidential 4th Division A.E.F. Not to be taken into Second Section, G.S. front line trenches. No.7. SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE AUG. 8 TO AUG. 9, 1918. 8 P.M. TO 8 P.M. 1. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY. The day was characterized by reconnaissance, an attempt to improve our position on the left of the sector and artillery activity. 2. ENEMY FRONT LINE. There has been no change. 3. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE. The enemy order of battle is confirmed by the capture of three prisoners. So far all the battalions of prisoners' regiment have been engaged on this front. It has been the habit in the last three days for two companies to be on the line during the day and to be relieved by the other two companies during the night. The Companies relieved are put in caves in the woods, 202-287. These are large enough to contain a regiment and in them are minnenwerfer and machine guns. These prisoners are classified as follows: Division Company Regiment Privates 17th 3rd 90th Fus. 3 252 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 4. ENEMY INFANTRY. Enemy infantry was limited to the use of the machine guns and snipers. 5. ENEMY ARTILLERY. Enemy artillery fire has been about the same as yesterday and consists of harassing and interdiction fire directed on the front lines of the infantry and on the roads, woods and ravines to the rear. Light interdiction fire continues on scattered points to the rear as far south as the cross-roads southwest of MAREUIL. There has been an increase in the use of gas shells in the past twenty-four hours. 6. ENEMY MOVEMENTS. Traffic was frequent on roads immediately west of PERLES and at 6 o'clock carriages resembling batteries moved to the rear across sky line in that vicinity. Smoke issued from barn at 26.85 all morning obscuring these roads. 7. ENEMY WORKS. Prisoners stated that they have been working on a line of trenches about a half meter deep and along a line a little bit in advance of the old line running east and west south of LONGUEVAL. One of the prisoners had been in a party that had constructed a short line of trenches of the same type mentioned above, along the heights and sweeping the valley southeast of PERLES. 8. ENEMY AERONAUTICS. Enemy aircraft activity continues to be light. Flights were mostly single, no large ones being observed. Tenemy [sic]3 planes bombed our front lines evening of August 9. One balloon was observed. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. Heavy machine gun nest is reported as being at 202.6-287.8. Howitzer batteries were seen at crossroads 205.1-287.7 and 203.5 -288.8. A munition depot is at 203.2-287.1. Above is from statement of prisoner. The prisoners repeat the statement that our artillery fire has been most effective and has caused great losses both in the rear areas and in the line. One prisoner made the statement that the division was to be relieved the night of August 9th but another stated that this has been the subject for rumor arising from the fact that the entire division is in need of recuperation. 10. ACTIVITY OF OUR OWN TROOPS. Scouting parties, machine guns and 37 mm. have been busy clearing out enemy machine guns and snipers' nests in the town of BAZOCHES and between the railroad and the ROUEN-REIMS road to the east of it. The 37 mm. gun has been found particularly effective against machine gun nests. The infantry of our left sector reached the ROUEN-REIMS road but an effort to occupy BAZOCHES was unsuccessful. Our artillery was active firing on BAZOCHES, HAUTE MAISON, roads and crossroads, enemy front lines, fugitive targets and doing some counter-battery work. By command of Major General Cameron: EMMERT W. SAVAGE, Lieut. Colonel, A.C.of S. G-2. HEADQUARTERS, 4TH DIVISION AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES MEMORANDUM: France, August 9, 1918. 1. Two reports have reached these Headquarters to the effect that our infantry was under fire of our own artillery and suffering casualties. In each case the report was promptly investigated. The following statement has been received from the Artillery Brigade Commander:"1. Short firing was reported about 2 P.M. yesterday afternoon. All batteries were checked immediately. All artillery fire was being observed shot for shot. At the time of the reported short firing the artillery were firing on points well in advance of our own infantry. The setting of sights 3This may be intended for "ten enemy." DOCUMENTS 253 for all guns was found to be correct. At the time of the report the enemy's artillery was very active. It was found that the artillery on our right and on our left were firing well over and in their own sectors. The batteries of the 67th F.A.Brigade have fired at targets 50 yards in advance of their own infantry with success and without danger to that infantry (this was not in this sector). 2. At one time last night, about 9 o'clock I think, short firing was reported. After checking it up it was found that no gun had fired in two hours and five minutes. (Sgd.) GEORGE G. GATLEY, Brig. Gen'l., N.A., U.S.A." 2. Infantry and artillery officers of experience are united in saying that a person, on the line where shells are falling, cannot determine, with accuracy, whether such shells are coming from the front or rear. The sound of the approaching projectile is practically the same in both cases. A person at some distance from the point of impact can determine the direction of the shot with greater accuracy. 3. The Division Commander, after a thorough, personal investigation, is satisfied that no artillery fire, from our own artillery, was delivered upon our infantry. H!e desires further to impress upon all officers and men the danger to the morale of our infantry, of permitting such groundless rumors to become current. When it is believed by the officer in command, that our troops are under the fire of friendly artillery, report will be immediately made to Headquarters for prompt investigation. But, while awaiting the results of such investigation, no remarks reflecting upon the accuracy of artillery fire must be permitted. Such remarks can only diminish the confidence of our infantry in our artillery and without such confidence, no successful team work between the two branches can exist. By command of Major General Cameron: C. A. BACH, Lieut. Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDERS 13 August 1918, 6:45 P.M. No.5 Secret No. MAP: MEAUX 1/80,000 1. Pursuant to instructions from the 1st Army Corps, dated August 13th, 1918, the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, less the 117th Trench Mortar Battery, and the 84th Infantry Brigade will proceed by marching to new stations, in accordance with the attached march table. 2. The movement will commence on the morning of August 14th, 1918, under the direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, and the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade, respectively. 3. Route for the 67th Field Artillery Brigade: MOUCHETON CHATEAUEPIEDS-VERDILLY-CHATEAU THIERRY-and thence by the CHATEAU THIERRYIMONTREUIL-AUX-LIONS-LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE Road to designated stations, under direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. Route for the 84th Infantry Brigade: To be designated by the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade. 4. Sick and wounded unable to accompany their organizations will be evacuated without delay, under the direction of the Division Surgeon. 254 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 5. Sick animals will be evacuated without delay, under direction of the Division Veterinarian. 6. Rations and forage will be delivered by the Division Supply Train to organizations at intermediate bivouacs, and on arrival at final stations. 7. Headquarters of the 67th Field Artillery Brigade will be at MOucHETON CHATEAU until 12:00 o'clock noon, August 14th, 1918, and at CHATEAU THIERRY thereafter. Headquarters of the 84th Infantry Brigade will be at MONTREUIL-AUXLIONS until 12:00 o'clock noon, August 14th, 1918, and at MERY-SUR-MARNE thereafter. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Col., General Staff, Chief of Staff. THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDERS Secret Sept. 9, 1918. No.17 MAPS: COMMERCY 1/80,000 For official use only. MORT-MARE 1/20,000 Not to be taken in CHAMBLEY 1/20,000 front line trenches. 5-6 I. (a) The ^'irst Army will attack and reduce the St. Mihiel Salient. (b) The 4th Army Corps will attack in the direction shown in the attached map' with three divisions in the line and one in reserve. (c) Objectives and Zones of 4th Army Corps: (See attached map). (d) Missions, Zones and Objectives of neighboring divisions. (1) The 89th Division will attack on the right of the 42nd Division. The 1st Division will attack on the left of the 42nd Division. The 3rd Division will constitute the Army Corps Reserve and will be assembled in rear of the 42nd Division. (2) Zones and objectives shown on attached map. II. (a) 1. The 42nd Division will attack in the center and will deliver the main blow in the direction of the heights overlooking the Madine River, exerting its main effort east of Maizerais and Essey. 2. General point of direction: St. Benoit. (b) Zone of Action and Objectives of the 42nd Division: 1. Zone of action and Objectives shown on attached map. 2. The Division will seize its objective of the first phase, first day, without regard to the progress of neighboring division. 3. Advance to objective of the second phase, first day, will commence at H plus 6 hours without further orders, unless delay is ordered (See Plan of Liaison). 4. Advance to the Army Objective will be made only by direction of the Army Commander, but the Corps Commander may order further advance towards this objective on D day. (c) Initial Disposition for the attack: 1. (a) The 42nd Division will be formed for the attack with its leading elements on the line indicated on the attached map, its two infantry brigades regiment in the first line, and one in the second line. The interior regiments will each have one battalion in the third line. The exterior regiments will each have one battalion in the fourth line, fourth line battalions to be placed behind the third line battalions of interior regiments. (b) Assault battalions will effect a partial relief of elements of the 89th Division on the night of D minus 2-D minus 1 (under separate orders). After this relief is effected, there will remain in the sector only outpost elements of the 89th Division with the mission of maintaining the service of observation and preventing reconnaissance by hostile patrols. The relief will be completed by midnight of D minus 1 -(c) By H minus 2 hours, assaulting troops will be disposed in readiness to take their departure positions promptly so that they may move forward to the assault at H hour without delay. All troops will be in their attack position at H minus one (1) hour. 1 Omitted. 255 256 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY (d) On the night of D minus 1-D, under the direction of infantry brigade commanders, second line battalions will be disposed with their leading elements approximately on a line running east and west through the northern edge of Mandres-aux-4-Tours, this [third] line battalions with their leading elements approximately on a line running east and west through a point 400 meters south of Mandres-aux-4-Tours, and fourth line battalions with their leading elements approximately on a line running east and west through the northern point of Le Grand Etang. (e) Companies of the 117th Engineers assigned to brigades will, under the direction of brigade commanders, peg out the jumping off line, the routes of approach to the jumping off line, and the sector limits on and in rear of the jumping off line, at least two nights before the attack. Tape or wire to clearly mark the approaches to the jumping-off line, and the disposition of troops behind will be in place before the assembly of assaulting troops commences. Pegs will be carefully camouflaged and will be placed without noise. (f) (1) The battalions in the third line will be held as brigade reserves, and those in the fourth line and the 149th M.G.Bn. as divisional reserves. (2) The divisional reserves will advance without further orders, under the direction of infantry brigade commanders, as the attack progresses, their forward elements keeping about 500 yards in rear of the rear elements of the third line battalions. 2. The following additional units are attached to the 42nd Division: Infantry: 1st Battalion, 51st Pioneer Infantry (less 2 companies as labor troops) Artillery: 1 Regiment 75 (228 R.A.P. 9 batteries) 1 Regiment 75 (American, 10th F.A., 6 batteries) 1 Regiment 155 C.S. (Am. 18th Regt. F.A. 6 Batteries) 3rd TMB., (6" Stokes- Motorized) Tanks: 327th American Renault Battalion and Two groups French Schneider Tanks. Aviation: 90th Observation Squadron 3rd Balloon Co. Gas and Flame Troops: 2 Platoons, Co.A, 1st Gas Regiment with eight 4" Stokes Mortars. (d) Execution of the Action as a whole: 1. The 42nd Division will attack with the 83rd Infantry Brigade on the left and the 84th Inf. Brigade on the right, with elements well echeloned in depth. 2. The infantry attack and the artillery preparation will start on D day at H hour (to be advised under separate cover). 3. The 1st and 2nd Battalions will move forward exactly at Hour H without special signal. 4. Brigade and subordinate units will co-operate in the fullest extent in turning strong positions. Mopping up parties will clean up captured ground without retarding the progress of the assaulting troops. 5. Passage of lines by second line battalions will be made under direction of Infantry Brigade Commanders. 6. In the advance to the objective of the first phase, the 84th Inf. Brigade must promptly secure control of Hills 251.1, 258.4, 265.5 and the western extremity of Hill 264.7 in order to facilitate the turning and neutralizing of St. Baussant, Maizerais and Essey. DOCUMENTS 257 7. After the capture of each objective, strong patrols will be pushed forward for the purpose of reconnaissance and exploitation. Upon reaching the Army Objective, strong detachments will be sent out towards the Exploitation Line and the Army Objective will be promptly organized for defense. 8. Necessary measures for effecting the crossing of the Rupt de Mad in the Madine River will be taken by inf. brigade commanders after conference with the Division Engineer. 9. Direction of attack: True North. III. Detailed Tactical Dispositions: (a) 83rd Infantry Brigade. 1. Zone of action and successive objectives. (See attached map).2 2. The following troops are assigned to the 83rd Inf. Brigade and will operate under the direction of the C.G. 83rd Infantry Brigade. (a) Battery F, 149th Field Artillery, to operate as accompanying artillery (at disposition of Commanding General, 83rd Inf. Brigade after capture of first enemy position). (b) 1st Battalion, 117th Engineers (less Co.C) and two engineer tool wagons. (c) Two groups French Schneider Tanks. (d) One platoon, Co.A. 1st Gas Regiment with 4" Stokes Mortars. (e) A detachment of an officer and 15 men of the 117th T.H. and M'.P. The commanding officers of the above units will report to the Commanding General, 83rd Inf. Brigade, without delay, for instructions. (b) 84th Infantry Brigade. 1. Zone of action and successive objectives (See attached map).3 2. The following troops are assigned to the 84th Inf. Brigade and will operate under the direction of the Commanding General, 84th Inf. Brigade. (a) Battery B, 151st Field Artillery, to operate as accompanying artillery (at disposal of Commanding General, 84th Inf. Brigade after capture of first enemy position). (b) 2nd Battalion, 117th Engineers (less Co.F) and two engineer tool wagons. (c) 327th American Renault Battalion of Tanks. (d) One platoon, Company A, 1st Gas Regiment, with four 4" Stokes Mortars. (e) A detachment of an officer and 15 men of the 117th T.H. and M.P. The Commanding Officers of the above units will report to the Commanding General, 84th Inf. Brigade, without delay for instructions. (c) Reserves. 1. Brigade commanders will keep these headquarters constantly advised as to the location of reserve units. 2. All commanders down to and including company commanders will keep some portion of their commands in hand as reserves, for use against possible counter attacks, and particularly to reinforce the assault and drive home the attack. (d) Other Troops. 1. Artillery: (a) The divisional artillery is assigned to the support of infantry as follows: To support the 83rd Infantry Brigade. 149th Field Artillery. 2 Battalions, 10th F.A., 75. 1 Battalion, 150th F.A. 150th Field Artillery (less 1 battalion) 2Omitted. 3 Omitted. 258 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY To support the 84th Infantry Brigade. 151st Field Artillery. 3 Battalions, 228 F.A. 1 Battalion, 18th F.A. 3rd Trench Mortar Battery. To support the entire Divisional Sector: 150th Field Artillery (less 1 battalion) 18th Field Artillery (less 1 battalion) 117th Trench Mortar Battery. (b) The Divisional Artillery will protect the advance of the infantry by combing fire and by the destruction of hostile strong points. 1. From H to H plus 40, the fire of the artillery will be directed on the enemy's first position. 2. At H plus 40, the fire will lift and its southern limit will progress at a rate of 100 meters in 4 minutes, until it is concentrated on the position Trench de Moulin-Maizerais-Camp de la Schlucht-Trench du Camp-Ferme la Maitresse. 3. The fire will lift from this position at H plus 2 hours and 8 minutes to points in an area the southern limit of which will be an east and west line through the crossroads 251.6 (about 600 meters southeast of Essey). 4. The employment of the Divisional Artillery during the advance beyond this position will be based on the local situation. (c) Artillery will not fire on bridges over the Rupt de Mad. (d) The artillery supporting infantry brigades will move forward by echelons under the orders of infantry brigade commanders. (e) Upon the arrival of the infantry on the objective of the first phase, first day, the artillery supporting the respective infantry brigades will be at the disposal of infantry brigade commanders to support the infantry in its further advance under the conditions of semi-open warfare. (f) Fire with gas on any locality must cease four hours before the infantry is to arrive in that locality. Gas will not be used on the border of any sector without agreement between the Division and Corps Commanders concerned. (g) For detail plan for using artillery see Annex No.1.4 2. Air Service: (a) The 3rd Balloon Company is assigned to the Divisional Artillery and the Commanding Officer will report to the Commanding General 67th Field Artillery Brigade for instructions. (b) The 90th Observation Squadron. 1. After hour H, during hours of daylight, at least one infantry observation plane will be kept constantly above the advance lines, and will be relieved at regular intervals so that specified reports may be made at least once every hour. At all times aerial observation of the infantry lines will be maintained unless express permission to the contrary is granted by these headquarters. 2. Aeroplanes not required for infantry observation will be assigned to the Divisional Artillery. Special provisions will be made for observation of anti-tank guns. As regards these planes, the Commanding Officer, 90th Observation Squadron will report to the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade without delay for instructions. (c) For details of Air Service, see Annex No.10. 3. Engineers: (a) The Companies of the 117th Engineers assigned to the infantry brigades will be particularly charged with making provisions for cutting passages through our own wire before the attack; for the cutting of enemy wire, and for the crossing of streams and trenches, by tanks and accompanying artillery; with supervision and assistance in the consolidation of 4See page 260. The other annexes have been omitted. DOCUMENTS 259 positions taken, and inspection of captured dugouts and other points for enemy traps and the disarmament of the same when found. (b) The 117th Engineers (less troops assigned to infantry brigades with attached units) will, under direction of the Commanding Officer, 117th Engineers, be charged with moving forward engineering materiel and with the preparation of roads and other means of advance. (c) The 1st Battalion, 51st Pioneer Infantry (less 2 companies) is assigned to duty under the Commanding Officer, 117th Engineer Regiment. The battalion commander will report to the commanding officer, 117th Engineer Regiment, without delay, for instructions. (d) For detailed plan of Engineering Operations, see Annex #2. 4. Tanks: See Annex No.3. 5. Heavy Machine Guns: See Annex No.4. 6. Gas and Flame Troops: See Annex No.5. 7. A detachment of an officer and fifteen Military Police will report to each infantry brigade commander on day D minus 1, and will, under direction of the brigade commanders, establish advance straggler posts. (e) General Instructions: 1. The attack will begin on D day at H hour, the advance starting: (a) From the parallel of departure-at H hour. (b) From the objective of the first phase-at H plus 6 hours. Note: A delay of one hour in starting may be ordered by the Corps, in which event this attack will start at H plus seven hours. (See plan of Liaison). 2. The rate of march will be as follows: (a) To include the hostile intermediate position. Trench de Moulin-Maizerais. Infantry: 100 meters in 4 minutes. Artillery: To conform with infantry rate. (b) The rate of progress thereafter will be determined by the local situation. 3. All plans will be based on the fact that great difficulty may be expected in passing hostile wire. Dependence for breaches cannot be placed entirely upon the artillery and tanks. Each infantry brigade will be provided with 75 Benglore torpedoes to be used under direction of the attached companies of engineers. 2 heavy wire cutters will be issued to each squad of front line battalions and one heavy wire cutter will be issued to each engineer soldier assigned to wire cutting duty. As far as the supply of wire cutters permits, one will be given to each squad in second line battalions. 4. Organization of conquered ground. See Annex No.6. 5. Action in case of withdrawal of enemy. See Annex No.7. 6. All infantry officers taking part in the attack will be dressed and equipped exactly the same as their men. Memorandum No.200, these headquarters will apply, except that blankets and shelter halves of assaulting troops will be collected on D minus 1 and left under guard so that troops may progress as rapidly and with as little fatigue as possible. 7. Surprise effect is essential. No troop movement of any kind will take place between 3: 00 o'clock and 21: 00 o'clock on any day prior to D day north of Toul. All precautions will be taken to avoid aerial observations. IV. Trains: (See plan of communications, supply and evacuation, Annex No.8. V. (a) Liaison: 1. Divisional Axis of Liaison: Ansauville-Hamonville-MandresSeicheprey-St. Bassant-Essey-Pannes Crossroads northwest of BeneySt. Benoit-crossroads 2 kilometers north of St. Benoit-Haumont-Lachaussee. 2. For Plan of Liaison, see Annex No.9. 3. Combat Liaison with neighboring Divisions. (a) Combat liaison with divisions on the right and left will be maintained by two detachments, each consisting of one infantry company 260 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY and one machine gun platoon. The detachment to maintain contact with the 1st Division will be supplied by the 83rd Infantry Brigade. The detachment to maintain contact with the 89th Division will be supplied by the 84th Inf. Brigade. The detachments will move along the division boundary line with their forward elements keeping approximately on the line of support companies of 42nd Division assaulting battalions. These detachments will advance by echelons from point to point and will maintain contact without delaying the progress of the Division. 4. Combat Liaison between the 83rd and 84th Brigades. This will be carried out by a mixed detachment consisting of two platoons of infantry and two sections of machine guns, each Brigade to furnish one platoon of infantry and one section of machine guns. These detachments will operate in a manner similar to that described for detachments above. 5. Infantry troops in combat liaison detachment will be taken from the exterior second line battalions. Machine gun troops will be taken from brigade machine gun battalions. 6. By 22:30 o'clock, each day, beginning with D day, brigade and independent unit commanders will submit to Division Hdqrs. position maps showing location of all units to include battalions. In case, on any day, no change has occurred since delivering the last map, a statement to that effect will be delivered by the hour stated. 7. Synchronization of watches will take place at Division Headquarters on day D minus 2 and Day D minus 1 at 22:00 o'clock. Brigade and independent unit commanders will have representatives at Division Headquarters at these hours to synchronize their watches, and will arrange for corresponding synchronization of watches to take place within their commands on D minus 2 and D minus 1, after their representatives have secured the official time at Division Headquarters. No synchronization of watches will be done by telephone. (b) P.C.'s. 1. Before the attack: 4th Army Corps Menil-la-Tour. 42nd Division Ansauville. 1st Division Beaumont. 89th Division Noviant. 3rd Division L'Hermitage (west of Bois de Rehanne). 67th F. A. Brig. Ansauville. 83rd Inf. Brig. Mandres (with forward report center in shelters south of and along Beaumont-Metz road north of Mandres. 64th Inf. Brig. Shelter (359.40-231.50) in southern part of Bois du Jury. 2. When objective of second phase, 1st day is taken, the Division P.C. will advance to Mandres with forward report center as provided for 83rd Inf. Brigade before the attack. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR. Lieut. Colonel, G.S., Chief of Staff. " --- —------ PLAN FOR USING ARTILLERY. ANNEX NO. 1.5 CENTER SECTOR, FOURTH ARMY CoRPs DIVISIONAL ARTILLERY. PLAN OF EMPLOYMENT. I. Organization of the Command and Distribution of Emplacements. II. Missions and Zones of Attack. III. Plan of Observation. IV. Plan of Liaison. sAccompanying Field Orders, No. 17, above. DOCUMENTS 261 V. Infantry Batteries. VI. Fugitive Targets. VII. Plan of Accompaniment and Protection of the Attack. VIII. Plan for the Forward Movement of the Artillery. I. ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMAND Brigadier General George G. Gatley, Commanding. Divisional Artillery P.C. 98.65 Grouping Regiment Battalion Caliber Commanding,__ __ _ _ _Officer Artillery of the 151st F.A. 1st 75 mm Major Shugg 96.96 right subsector 2nd 75 mm Captain Handy 98.03 Colonel George E. 228th R.A. Leach, Command- C.P. 1st 75 mm Cdt. Filven 88.08 ing P.C. 89.16. Lt. Col. 2nd 75 mm Cdt. Diraison 94.97 de Vesin 3rd 75 mm Cdt. Durmoulin 96.94 P.C. 11.89 18th F.A. 1st 155 C.S. Major Rogers 95.38 Artillery of the 149th F.A. 1st 75 mm Major Hammond 79.99 left subsector 2nd 75 mm Major Redden 88.13 Colonel Henry J. 10th F.A. Reilly, command- Col. Lloyd 1st 75 mm Major Anderson 81.05 ing P.C. 77.03 P.C. 79.90 2nd 75 mm Major Hayes 98.88 150th F.A. 3rd 155 C.S. Major Cureton 97.78 Heavy Short Field 150th F.A. 2nd 155 C.S. Major Spencer 79.90 Artillery, Colonel 1st 155 C.S. Major Taylor 79.88 Robert H. Tyndall 18th F.A. 2nd 155 C.S. Major Templeton 78.88 comdg. P.C. 99.50 Col. Fuger 3rd 155 C.S. Major Johnson 15.89 P.C. 99.50 Attached: 3rd Balloon Company, 90th Observation Squadron. II. ZONES OF ACTION AND MISSIONS 1. The normal zones of action for the Divisional Artillery are as shown on the attached map. The eventual zones of action extend to the limits of range and field of fire. 2. The mission of the artillery of the right subsector will be to support the 84th Inf.Brigade in its advance to the final objective. The mission of the artillery of the left subsector will be to support the 83rd Infantry Brigade in its advance to the final objective. The mission of the heavy short field artillery will be to cover the attack of the entire Division under the orders of the Division Commander, through the Commanding General, 67th F.A.Brigade. III. PLAN OF OBSERVATION 1. The brigade O.P. will be established in Lufbery Trench about the point x=358.000, y=231.100. Adjoining this station on either side, and within 75 meters of it, there will be established an O.P. for each of the subsector artillery commanders and one for the heavy short artillery commander. Each of these four O.P's will be connected by direct line to the P.C. of its unit. These lines, whenever practicable, will follow different routes in each of the four cases. 2. Each of these O.P's will have as personnel one officer and one lineman provided with 500 meters of wire. Effort will be made to prevent any other unnecessary personnel being present in the vicinity of these O.P.'s. 3. On the flanks of the group of O.P.'s above named there will be established for each subsector one 75 mm. battalion O.P. and an O.P. for the 155 mm. battalion under the command of the subsector artillery commander. 262 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 4. The officers detailed as observers at the O.P.'s above named will make a thorough study of the enemy terrain in the Divisional sector before the day D. In order that the enemy's attention may not be attracted to the location of the O.P.'s, this observation will be made from trenches York and Wilson, from which the views are practically the same. All activity visible to the enemy in the vicinity of the O.P.'s in Lufbery Trench will be carefully avoided before the day D. No observation will be undertaken from this vicinity, and wiring parties working in the neighborhood will remain carefully under cover. 5. The O.P.'s above mentioned will be used as forward message centers during the advance of the infantry and runners sent back from D.O.L.'s will bring their messages thereto. For this purpose all runners will reconnoitre the approaches to and location of Lufbery Trench. 6. Regimental and battalion commanders may establish such other O.P.'s as they see fit in trenches York or Wilson on the northern edge of the Bois du Jury. IV. PLAN OF LIAISON 1. Telephonic liaison as shown in separate sketch will be established without delay by the organizations concerned. The work in connection with this installation will be accomplished by night or, if in daytime, by small palrties observing the greatest care to prevent enemy observation. 2. Special instructions for wireless liaison will be as published by the Division. 3. The telephonic liaison will, whenever practicable, be doubled by optical liaison, which will be established without delay. 4. After the advance of the elements of the Divisional Artillery has begun telephonic and wireless communication will be established as soon as practicable. Pending its installation, attention is called to the importance of visual signalling, particularly semaphore, which it is believed has not been sufficiently employed in past operations. V. INFANTRY BATTERIES 1. The following batteries are designated as infantry batteries to accompany the 84th and 83rd Infantry Brigades, respectively. The battery commanders concerned will report without delay to the respective brigade commanders for instructions. These batteries will take position with their battalions and may be used by their regimental commanders; but, after the capture of the first enemy position, they will be ready to advance in close support of the infantry, subject to the orders of the respective brigade commanders. The piece limbers of these batteries and two filled caissons per gun will be advanced at the hour H, or as soon thereafter as practicable, to the immediate vicinity of the battery positions, and there held under cover. Battery B, 151st Field Artillery. Battery F, 149th Field Artillery. 2. The 3rd Trench Mortar Battery (5-inch Stokes motorized) is attached to the 84th Infantry Brigade as accompanying artillery and its commanding officer will report to the C.G., 84th Infantry Brigade for instructions. 3. The artillery commander in each subsector will detail one officer, two non-commissioned officers and ten men, who will be instructed without delay in the handling of enemy material, and will be provided with range tables for its use. These detachments will go forward with the infantry of each brigade for the purpose of turning captured artillery against the enemy. VI. FUGITIVE TARGETS 1. One battery from each of the battalions listed below will be designated for fire on fugitive targets, and a call for such fire will, upon receipt by the batteries in question, become a mission of first urgency. The wireless stations of these battalions will listen in constantly during daylight hours after the hour H on D day. DOCUMENTS 263 Co-ordinates Battalion of panel Call Panel 1st Bn., 149th F.A. 76.99 F X 2 8 2nd Bn., 151st F.A. 96.03 T K 101 1st Bn., 150th F.A. 80.91 Z F 11 2. Such artillery observation planes as are available will call for fire on fugitive targets to the battalions indicated and make one correction, after which the battery firing will pass to zone fire according to the method heretofore in force in the 67th F.A.Brigade. 3. Particular attention will be paid by all aerial observers to enemy antitank guns in action and the positions of these will be promptly signalled to the proper battalion. 4. The 3rd Balloon Company will have a direct line to Brigade Headquarters. Upon discovery of.a fugitive target by their observer, direct connection to the subsector commander in whose zone of action the target is seen will be made upon request through the Brigade central. This connection will thereafter only be broken by a preferred service call. 5. One battery from the forward group of the 228th R.A.C.P. will be designated for fire on anti-tank guns. This battery will establish one or more O.P.'s whose personnel will be constantly on the watch for the appearance of anti-tank guns during the progression of our troops. Anti-tank guns in action will be fired upon immediately, the first rounds being smoke with a later fire for destruction if adjustment is possible. This battery will, in addition, be given missions in superposition, but its mission of first urgence throughout the entire engagement will be the neutralization or destruction of enemy anti-tank pieces. The commanding officer of the designated battery will confer without delay with the commanding officer of the tanks to be engaged. VII. PLAN OF ACCOMPANIMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE ATTACK 1. The Divisional Artillery will support the attack of the infantry by the following accompanying fire. This fire will be delivered at the maximum rate for the first ten minutes after the hour H. The rate will then be diminished so as to maintain the average hereafter prescribed. At least two batteries in each sector will be assigned combing fire over all areas in which heretofore undiscovered machine guns may be located. All fire delivered should be in the nature of sharp rapid bursts, delivered at irregular intervals. (a) From H to H plus 40, the fire of the artillery will be directed on the enemy's first position. (b) At H plus 40, the fire will lift and its southern limit will progress at a rate of 100 meters in 4 minutes, until it is concentrated on the position Trench de Moulin-Maizerais-Camp de la Schlucht-Trench du Camp-Ferme de la Maitlresse. (c) The fire will lift from this position at H plus 2 hours and 8 minutes to points in an area the southern limit of which will be an east and west line through the crossroads 251.6 (About 600 meters southeast of Essey). (d) The employment of the Divisional Artillery during the advance beyond this position will be based on the local situation. Subsector artillery commanders are charged with the close support of their respective infantry brigades from this time on, and are authorized to deliver such fire as the situation warrants. (e) No fire will be delivered by the artillery on bridges over the Rupt de Mad. (f) Upon the arrival of the infantry on the objective of the first phase, first day (See Division Plan), the artillery supporting the respective infantry brigades will be at the disposal of the infantry brigade commanders to support the infantry in its further advance under the conditions of semi-open warfare. (g) Smoke Barrages. During the advance of the infantry after the capture of the first position, a smoke barrage will be delivered along the lines join 264 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY ing the points 81.55-88.53-95.55 -for the purpose of blinding enemy anti-tank guns situated in the vicinity of Maizerais (See attached map).6 This barrage will be maintained from H hour plus 40 minutes to H plus 75 minutes. During the advance of our infantry beyond the enemy second position, similar smoke barrages will be delivered for the same purpose against guns which may be situated on the Cote le Moine (northeast of Essey), and on the high ground in the vicinity of Pannes. These last two barrages will be delivered by subsector artillery commanders upon their own initiative, as the occasion may arise. Ammunition for this fire, upon receipt, will be delivered to the forward battalion of the 228th R.A.C.P., for the right subsector and to the forward battalion of the 10th Field Artillery for the left subsector. 2. The following general rates of fire are prescribed. 75 mm. 80 rds. per gun per hour. 155 C.S.- 17 40 " ".. " These rates may be exceeded for short periods in particular cases, but all commanders will exercise the greatest economy in the consumption of ammunition by holding down the rate of fire. An economical use of ammunition is a necessity in this operation.7 VIII. PLANS FOR THE FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE ARTILLERY 1. The enemy's second line marked by Maizerais, Tr. du Camp, Fme la Maitresse, Tr. de l'Eperon, is approximately the extreme range of our 75's. It is liable to be found the enemy's main line of resistance. As soon as this line is taken, commanders of the artillery of the subsectors will begin to function in support of the respective infantry brigades, independently of the Divisional artillery commander. At this time a proportion approximating half of the 75's will be moved at once to positions from which they can effectively support the advance of our infantry to the first day's objective. The battalion of heavy short artillery under each subsector artillery commander will not be moved forward until after the first half of the 75's have reached their new positions, but will be used during this time to cover their advance. During the further advance of the infantry, the movement forward of the artillery will be by echelon, each element covering the movement of the other to the front, so that a continuous volume of fire may be kept up on the enemy positions. 2. The groups to make the first movement forward will be immediately designated by the subsector artillery commanders, and missions assigned. Their commanders will be required to make a detailed plan for their movement forward, including the tentative selection of the positions and O.P.'s and for the route of approach thereto. Subsector artillery commanders will consult the Divisional Engineer Officer on the subject of the necessary material for portable bridges and pioneer detachments, etc. 3. The Commanding Officer, Heavy Short Field Artillery, will cause reconnaissance of routes to advanced positions to be made. These positions and the O.P.'s therefor, will be reconnoitered from the map at once. The orders for the movement forward of the heavy short field artillery will issue from the Division Commander through the Divisional Artillery Commander. 4. For the second day's advance it is to be foreseen that all guns must be moved forward during the night of the first day, to positions from which they can support the advance to the second day's objective. 5. Roads leading toward the front will undoubtedly be in very bad condition and over-crowded with transport. As many routes as possible should be selected for the forward movement of the artillery in each subsector. Detailed instructions must be given in advance with regard to road discipline, to the fractioning of columns and to marking the route. 60mitted. 7Sections 3 and 4, which give still more specific directions, have been omitted as unintelligible unless accompanied by charts and maps not included in this volume. DOCUMENTS 265 MEMORANDUM: The followir sector, Sector of HEADQUARTERS 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, September 10, 1918. ig organization will govern the artillery of the Right Sub 42d Division: C. O. Right Sub-sector Col. Geo. E. Leach P.C. 96-13 151st F.A. Lt. Col.John H. McDonald P.C. 96-13 228th R.A.C. Lt. Col.de Vesins P.C. 96-13 1st Group 18th F.A. Major P.C. 1st Group, 151st F.A. Major R. P. Schugg P.C. 91-09 2nd Group, 151st F.A. Capt.Thos. T. Handy P.C. 98-01 1st Group, 228th R.A.C. Bty Major Pilven Bty P.C. lBty 2nd Group, 228th R.A.C. Bty Major Diraison ^ Bty P.C. Bty 3rd Group, 228th R.A.C. [Bty Major Dumoulin Bty [Bty Battery Battery Bty "A" Bty "B" Bty "C" Bty "D" Bty "E" Bty "F" GEORGE E. LEACH, Colonel, U.S.A., 151st Field Artillery. HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, 11 September 1918. FIELD ORDERS Secret No.20 Not to be taken in front line trenches. 1. On the night of September 11/12 this Division will be assembled for the attack. By midnight its rearmost elements will be north of an east and west line through ETANG BAUSSE. 2. Under direction of the respective brigade commanders, the 83rd and 84th Infantry Brigades, with attached units, will be assembled in the vicinity of their assault positions as prescribed in Field Orders No.17, these Headquarters, and as modified by Field Order No.19. 3. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade and attached units will occupy positions in support of the Infantry under the direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. 4. The 117th Engineers and Engineer Train and the 149th Machine Gun Battalion will proceed to their attack positions under direction of their respective commanders. The Commanding Officer 117th Engineers will confer with the Infantry Brigade Commanders as to disposition of such of his units as are placed at their disposal. 5. The 117th T.H.& M.P., 117th Sanitary Train, 117th Supply Train and 117th Ammunition Train will take stations under the direction of G-1. The 266 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 117th Field Signal Battalion will take station under the direction of the Division Signal Officer. 6. In executing this movement, as far as circumstances will permit, organization commanders will utilize roads in their respective areas. 7. The following areas in the Foret la Reine are at the disposal of Infantry Brigade and Separate Unit Commanders for the placing of rear echelons: (See sketch attached to F.O. No.16).8 83rd Brigade: Area vacated by leading Battalion, 166th Infantry. 84th Brigade: Area vacated by leading Battalion, 167th Infantry. 149th Machine Gun Battalion: Area vacated by rear battalion, 165th Infantry. 117th Field Signal Battalion: Area vacated by center Battalion, 166th Inf. 117th Engineers and Engineer train: Area vacated by rear Battalion, 166th Inf. 117th Sanitary Train and 117th T.H. & M.P.: Area vacated by Hq.Co., 166th Inf. 117th Supply Train: Area vacated by leading Battalion, 168th Infantry. 8. Movement on the night of September 11th prior to 10:15 P.M., will be limited to combat troops. 9. The movement must be conducted with the greatest secrecy. No lights or smoking will be permitted. 10. P.C.'s: 42nd Division -ANSAUVILLE 67th F.A.Brigade - ANSAUVILLE 83rd Infantry Brig. - MANDRES-AUX-4-TOURS with advanced report center at point 78.07, about 1 kilometer northeast of BEAUMONT. 84th Infantry Brig. —Shelter at Borne K 18, on St. Dizier-Metz Road, south of Bois du Jury. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. o HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. G 3 MEMORANDUM No.6 - 11 September, 1918. With reference to Field Orders No.17, these Headquarters, D day is September 12th, H hour is 5 (five). The bombardment will commence at H minus 4 hours. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 42ND D SION, HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. 28 Nov. 1918. REPORT ON OPERATIONS, 42ND DIVISION FROM, SEPTEMBER 11TH TO SEPTEMBER 15TH, 1918, IN THE ST. MIHIEL SALIENT. I. HOSTILE SITUATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE OPERATION At 1 o'clock A.M., Sept. 12, 1918, the hour of the beginning of our artillery preparation, the enemy occupied his first line positions as shown in blue on the 8Omitted. DOCUMENTS 267 Mort Mare sheet, Plan Directeur Map. The enemy front opposite the sector of the 42nd Division was held by parts of two regiments of the 10th Division, viz; the 6th Grenadier Regiment and the 47th Regiment, the 6th Grenadier Regiment being on the east. The 398th Regiment of the same division was said to be in line to the west of the 47th Regiment. The 10th Division was brought from the Flanders front to strengthen the enemy line in the Salient in anticipation of the American attack and was presumed to be a first class division. II. INFORMATION RECEIVED OF THE ENEMY DURING THE OPERATION From the statements of the first prisoners taken, it appeared that the orders of the 10th Division were to hold the first line position, if possible. If our attack should prove too strong to allow this, the enemy was to retire and hold again on the line of the heights north of Pannes. If it were found impossible to hold on the Pannes line, the enemy was to retire to the first line of the Hindenburg position, through Lachaussee and Dampvitoux. Our attack of Sept.12 was pushed so vigorously that the enemy was unable to hold on the heights north of Pannes, but instead continued his retreat toward the north. Our troops reached the objective of the second day at 10 A.M., Sept.13, and immediately pushed forward patrols into the Bois de la Grande Souche and towards Haumont. It was reported by these patrols that the enemy had retired to the line, Lachaussee-Dampvitoux. Our patrols sent out on Sept. 14 and 15 ascertained that the enemy had definitely stopped his retreat and was organizing along the Lachaussee-Dampvitoux line with strong patrols in Haumont and Marimboix Farm. From noon, Sept.12 to noon, Sept.13, in addition to prisoners from all three regiments of the 10th Division, prisoners were taken from the 5th Landwehr Division, the 192nd Division and the 77th Reserve Division. The prisoners from the 5th Landwehr Division, the 10th Division and the 77th Reserve Division confirmed the presumed Order of Battle. The prisoners from the 192nd Division stated that their division had been in line near St. Mihiel and on the morning of Sept.12 had received the order to withdraw. They had withdrawn as far as Lachaussee and were then in that town and in the line to the northwest of it. On Sept. 16, prisoners from the 14th Assault Battalion were taken in Haumont. They stated that their battalion had been at rest at Briey. On the night of Sept.12-13 it was rushed up to the line and one company posted in Haumont and one in Dampvitoux. On Sept.16, prisoners were also taken at Marimbois Farm who stated that they belonged to a machine gun company made up hurriedly of men who had been attending a light machine gun school in the rear and who had been sent up to reinforce the line on the evening of Sept.13. III. HOSTILE MOVEMENTS, CHANGES AND CONDUCT DURING THE OPERATION From daylight, Sept. 11, to 1 A.M. Sept. 12, the period was very quiet, characterized in the afternoon only by the inactivity of the enemy artillery and by a rather active movement of small groups of men in rear of the enemy second position. When our infantry attacked at 5 A.M. Sept.12, the enemy attempted a weak defense of his first positions which soon developed into a rapid retreat before our advancing troops. During our four hour artillery preparation for the attack there had been very slight reaction by the enemy artillery. When our infantry advanced a thin barrage was put down which did not hinder the attack. From 10 to 11 A.M. there was desultory firing of 77's and 150's on our advancing infantry line. During the afternoon of Sept.12, the enemy artillery could be seen retreating east of the Bois de Thiaucourt. During the day of the 12th, many small groups of the enemy surrendered without strong resistance. Between 2 and 3 P.M. Sept.12, the enemy set fire to eleven ammunition and material dumps in the Bois de Thiaucourt, Bois de Nonsard, Bois de Vigneulles and at points north of Hattonville. Sept.13 was marked by the continued retreat of the enemy. The enemy artillery did practically no firing and there was no activity of enemy aviation. 268 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The enemy was carrying out a planned withdrawal and retreated with no confusion, leaving very little material in the captured terrain. Many of the enemy infantry surrendered without firing, apparently welcoming the opportunity to give themselves up. The enemy artillery fire was very light during the afternoon and night of Sept.13 and from daylight to noon, Sept.14, there was practically no artillery fire. During the night of Sept.13-14, enemy outposts were encountered in front of his new resistance line, Lachaussee-Dampvitoux, and on Sept.14, the enemy was observed to organize defensive works along this line. Haumont, which had been evacuated by the enemy in the afternoon of the 13th, was reoccupied by a strong enemy force during the night of the 13th-14th, again evacuated during the morning of the 14th and again reoccupied during the afternoon of the 14th. Apparently the enemy artillery had not yet reached its new position, for during the day of the 14th, the enemy artillery fire was very light. During the night of Sept.14-15, the enemy sent out patrols in front of his line. On Sept.15, the enemy was again busy constructing defensive works along his resistance line and movement of men and vehicles in the forward area was extremely active. Many enemy working parties were observed constructing machine gun nests and strong points from 300 to 400 yards behind the front line, while a few shots from snipers from the Bois de la Grande Souche and an occasional machine gun burst from the neighborhood of Haumont were the only. signs of offensive activity shown by the enemy infantry. IV. MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE (Attached hereto) 9 V. OWN SITUATION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE OPERATION On Sept.11, the 42nd Division was assembled in the Foret de la Reine, with the exception of one battalion of the 83rd Inf. Brigade which was in the vicinity Beaumont and Mandres aux-4-Tours, and one battalion of the 84th Inf. Brigade in the vicinity of Hamonville; these two battalions having relieved battalions of the 89th Division the night of Sept.10-11. On the night of Sept.11-12th, the elements of the Division moved up to the vicinity of their attack positions, the 83rd and 84th Inf. Brigades each sending one company forward to relieve elements of the 89th Division in the front line trenches. At hour H minus 1, all troops took up their positions for attack, the leading elements being on the line of departure indicated by the 4th Army Corps. The division was disposed for attack with its two infantry brigades abreast; in each brigade the regiments abreast, with one battalion of each regiment in the 1st line and one in the 2nd line. The interior regiments each had one battalion in the 3rd line; the exterior regiments each had one battalion in the 4th line, placing these 4th line battalions behind the 3rd line battalions of the interior regiments. Second line battalions were disposed with their leading elements on a line running east and west through the northern edge of Mandres-aux-4-Tours, third line battalions with their leading elements approximately on a line running east and west through a point 400 meters south of Mandres-aux-4-Tours, and fourth line battalions with their leading elements on a line running approximately east and west through the northern point of La Grand Etang. The third line battalions were held as Brigade Reserve and those of the fourth line, with the 149th Machine Gun Battalion, constituted the Divisional Reserve. For the purpose of attack, there was attached to the division one battalion of Pioneer Infantry, 2 Regiments of light field and 1 regiment of heavy field artillery, 1 trench mortar battery, 1 battalion American tanks, 2 groups French tanks, 1 Aerial Observation squadron, 1 Balloon Company and 2 platoons of Gas and Flame troops. On the night of Sept.11-12th, and prior to the movement of the assaulting battalions up to the departure line, this line was carefully taped by the Division Engineer. 9 Omitted. DOCUMENTS 269 VI. OWN CHANGES, MOVEMENTS AND ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATION At 5 o'clock on the morning of Sept.l2th, after a four hour artillery preparation, the division moved to the attack. To each brigade, and operating directly under the brigade commander were assigned 1 battery of 75's to operate as accompanying artillery, two companies of engineers and 2 engineer tool wagons, one-half the tanks and one-half the gas and flame troops attached to the division. Upon the arrival of the leading elements at the enemy's first line trenches, the artillery fire, which had been concentrated on these trenches from the time of the jumping off of the infantry, started to roll forward at the rate of 100 meters in 4 minutes. The infantry followed the barrage closely and on the left experienced very little difficulty after breaking through the enemy shell of defense. On the right, through the Bois de la Sonnard, the enemy defense was more vigorous. However, this was shortly overcome and by 12 o'clock, both the 83rd and 84th Inf. Brigades had reached the objective of the 1st phase, 1st day, and were advancing beyond it. The advance from this point was very rapid, the troops moving in pursuit formation, and by 14:00 o'clock on Sept.l2th, both brigades had arrived on the first day's objective, strong patrols exploiting the territory well in advance. Late that evening, authority was granted to advance to the objective of the 1st phase, 2nd day. However, as this objective could not have been reached before nightfall, the advance to same was not made until 6 o'clock the next morning, the troops digging in and resting that night in place. At 10 o'clock, September 13th, both brigades had taken their portion of the 1st phase, 2nd day's objective, and were consolidating it, patrols being pushed well forward, and some having reached the vicinity of Haumont. Shortly afterwards, orders were issued to advance to the Army Objective. This merely consisted of advancing our left, as our right was already resting upon this objective. No resistance was met in this operation. Strong patrols were sent out to the line, Hadonville-Lachaussee. An enemy's patrol was captured at Hassavant Farm. The work on the defensive organization of the final objective as a line of resistance was immediately commenced. Early in the morning of September 14th, the patrols were withdrawn into the northern part of the Bois des Haudronville Bas still, however, maintaining contact with the enemy. On the afternoon of the same day, in accordance with orders from the 4th Army Corps, strong patrols were sent forward by each brigade to determine the occupation of the Hindenburg Line. The front of the brigade on the left (the 83rd Infantry Brigade) was partially covered by a French operation of similar nature, and the results were obtained. Patrols from the 84th Brigade, on the right, were stopped at Haumont by heavy machine gun fire. On the morning of the 15th, following up the mission of sounding out the Hindenburg Line, strong patrols were again sent out by both brigades. In the 83rd Brigade Sector, the woods as far as the north of Bois des Haudronville Bas were thoroughly reconnoitered. Much material was found, but the enemy was not encountered. The patrols continued toward Hadonville-Lachaussee, but soon met resistance and were forced to retire. The patrols from the 84th Brigade were sent forward after a slight artillery preparation, mopping up Haumont and taking some prisoners. Work continued on the defensive organization of the sector. VII. INFORMATION CONCERNING NEIGHBORING UNITS (Nothing special to report) VIII. ORDERS RECEIVED DURING OPERATION (Copies attached hereto)10 10 Omitted. 270 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY IX. ACTION DURING THE OPERATION ON ORDERS ISSUED AND RECEIVED All orders issued and received were carried out in accordance with the terms thereof. X. RESULTS OF ACTION BOTH OWN AND ENEMY Beginning on the morning of Sept.l2th, 1918, the Division advanced 14 kilometers in 28 hours and, upon reaching its final objective, at once pushed advance elements 5 kilometers farther, making a total of 19 kilometers beyond the line of departure. More than one thousand prisoners were taken from the following organizations. 10th Division 40th Division 77th Reserve Division 31st Division 5th Landwehr Division 35th Austro-Huagarian Division 227th Division 14th Sturmbattalion and an 8th Landwehr Division Agricultural Company. 192nd Division Seven villages and 42 square kilometers of territory were taken. Large dumps and stores of food, clothing, hospital supplies, munitions, engineering and railroad materiel, lumber, coal, iron and gasolene, and in addition, many enemy papers and documents of military value. Included in the captured materiel are the following: 6 cannon, 77 mm. calibre 1000 rifles 1 cannon, 88 mm. calibre 350,000 rounds of small arms ammu6 cannon, 105 mm. calibre nition 7 cannon, 150 mm. calibre 20,000 hand grenades 2 cannon, 210 mm. calibre 2 gasolene narrow gauge locomotives 6 heavy minenwerfer 12 large narrow gauge railway trucks 100 heavy machine guns 31 small narrow gauge railway trucks 100 light machine guns 20 wagons 2 anti-tank guns 10 caissons. The casualties during this period were as follows: Killed Wounded Gassed Missing Officers 11 23 1 Enlisted Men 128 602 3 34 XI. MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE (Attached hereto)1' XII. REMARKS No special remarks. The operation was unusual in its nature because of the small amount of resistance encountered, and it is not felt that its experience should be made the basis of general deductions for use in other operations. C. A. F. FLAGLER, Major General, U.S.A. Commanding. 11 Omitted. THE MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 3 October 18 MEMORANDUM No.305. I. The following order received is published for the information of all concerned: "HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE GENERAL ORDERS 28 September 1918. No.20. 1. The Allied troops are now engaged all along the Western front in the largest combined movement of the war. It is of extreme importance that the First American Army drive forward with all possible force. There is evidence that the enemy is retiring from our own front. Our success must be followed up with the utmost energy, and pursuit continued to bring about confusion and demoralization, and to prevent the enemy from forming his shattered forces. I am counting on the splendid spirit, dash and courage of our Army to overcome all opposition. Our country expects nothing else. (Signed) JOHN J. PERSHING, General, Commanding First Army. OFFICIAL: JOSEPH F. BARNES, Adjutant General." II. In compliance with Sec.4, S.0.121, G.H.Q., A.E.F., July 25, 1918, the amount to be entered on pay accounts by Officers who have been furnished rations by an organization during active operations in the field during the months of October, November and December 1918, will be 57 cents per ration. (Circular 46, O.C.Q.M. A.E.F.). III. The following extract of indorsement received is published for the information of all concerned: 1. The hoof branding iron has been eliminated from the Equipment Table. 2. The animals are now only branded "U.S." IV. 1. The attention of all concerned should at once be directed to the necessity of making suitable provision to equip animals with sharp shoes for winter use. 2. A frosty condition of roads, particularly in the mountainous sections, may be expected in the near future, making successful operations largely dependent upon the use of these shoes. V. The following described articles of personal equipment were lost on the night of October 1-2, while enroute from RAMAUCOURT-ISSONCOURT: 1 officers uniform, trousers "Bedford" cord, socks blouse "hip" cord handkerchiefs 1 pair rubber boots 1 coat sweater, Khaki 1 pair russett shoes "Munson last" 2 knit sweaters winter underwear 271 272 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY All clothing marked with the name of A. G. Mitchell. The above was wrapped in a green motor robe, tied with two (2) bedding roll straps. Tag on outside of roll with name of A. G. Mitchell, M.C. Any information concerning same should be forwarded to 1st Lt. A. G. Mitchell, M.C., 149th Machine Gun Bn. VI. Lost on road between PANNES and NONSARD, the following described horse, on September 27, 1918: Sex, mare; color, light bay; marks, U.S.A. on left shoulder, on left front foot, Hq.Co., on right front foot, 150; white star on forehead; weight, 1300 lbs.; height, 15/2 hands. Finder should notify Commanding Officer, Hq.Co., 150th Field Artillery. By command of Major General Menoher: WILLIAM N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Colonel, U.S.A., General Staff, Chief of Staff. -0 Secret. Secret. FIELD ORDERS P.C., 32d Division, No.75. 8 Oct., 1918, 8:55 o'clock. BUZANCY MAPS: DUN-SUR-MEUSE FORET D'ARGONNE VERDUN A 1. No further information of the enemy. The 5th Army Corps attacks the heights east and west of ROMAGNE on "D" day at "H" hour. The 3d Division is on our right and the 1st Division on our left. The 42d Division is Corps Reserve. 2. This Division will capture the BoIs DE VALOUR, the TRANCHEE DE DANTRISE and the portion of the TRANCHEE DE LA MAMELLE within its sector. It will seize and hold the HEIGHTS NORTH OF ROMAGNE and will capture the HEIGHTS WEST OF ROMAGNE by envelopment from the East and SOUTHEAST. ZONES OF ACTION: Division and Regimental sectors as shown on maps furnished. DIRECTION OF ATTACK: BOIS DE BANTHEVILLE. 3. GENERAL PLAN: (a) 1. INFANTRY. From right to left, 126th Infantry, 125th Infantry, of 63d Infantry Brigade. Reserve. 64th Infantry Brigade, 119th Machine Gun Battalion, Brigadier General Edwin B. Winans, Commanding. 2. The general idea of the infantry maneuver is that after the enemy's main line has been carried the left regiment will attack in a Northwestern direction generally on the axis of the heights to WEST of ROMAGNE. The right regiment will attack straight to the front following the barrage. 3. The attack will be made in our sector by the 63d Brigade; this Brigade will attack with regiments side by side, each with two battalions in front line and one in support, the 64th Brigade in reserve. The P.C.'s of the Brigade Commanders will be together in order that perfect liaison may be established. 4. The attack will be made behind a dense deep barrage which will advance by bounds and will travel forward slowly, permitting ample time for the infantry to follow. The halt at the end of each bound will also be ample to permit such reorganization as may be necessary. The first halt of the barrage will be after the barrage line has advanced 1 kilometer, placing it about 300 meters north of the southern edge of BOIS-DE-VALOUR, where it will halt 30 minutes. It will then advance and become gradually stationary as it reaches the main trench crossing the sector south of ROMAGNE. On this trench the barrage will halt 20 minutes, after which it DOCUMENTS 273 will leap forward 300 meters and again become stationary for 20 minutes. It will then move forward again about 1~2 kilometers, stopping outside of the northern outskirts of ROMAGNE, where it will be allowed gradually to die out. 5. The leading battalions must follow closely after the barrage, leaving to the rear battalions or rear waves the work of cleaning up trenches or machine gun nests that may have escaped the leading elements. After the trench is crossed by the 125th Infantry, it will swing gradually to the left, attacking in flank the heights in BOIS-DE-GESNES. The 126th Infantry will move straight to the front following the barrage. 6. As soon as the 126th Infantry has cleared the main trench and is on the move forward following the barrage, a battalion from the 64th Brigade will be pressed forward and placed in the line between the 126th and 125th Infantry and attack the BOIS-DU-GESNES by a turning movement to the left in liaison with the 125th Infantry on its left. It will also maintain liaison with the 126th Infantry on the right. 7. Brigade and regimental commanders must, under penalty of censure for failure to do so, see that front line elements carry panels and that they be displayed no matter whether the enemy sees them or not when called for by the aeroplane, which will fly over our lines at H plus 30 and H plus 90 minutes. 8. LIAISON. Combat liaison patrols of at least one company and a machine gun platoon will be sent out by the advance brigade on each flank of the Division for flank protection and to preserve contact with neighboring divisions. Within the Division, combat patrols of at least one platoon and one section of machine guns will be sent out to the right by each regiment and be responsible for liaison with the regiment to its right. 9. Regimental Commanders must select before the attack positions, in advance of the present line, where, if the attacking line succeeds in passing there must be established, as soon as possible, projector stations for communicating to the rear. (b) ARTILLERY. (BARRAGE CHART HEREWITH).1 1. Part of the light artillery of the 58th Brigade will be used for covering fire. 2. The light artillery of the 57th Brigade will support the 125th Infantry. 3. The light artillery of the 67th Brigade will support the 126th Infantry. 4. From these artilleries will be detailed accompanying batteries to the number that can be used for direct fire from forward positions after a careful study of the terrain has been made. The artillery commanders will designate the batteries that are to be so used after consultation with the infantry commanders. Positions for these batteries must be selected in advance and arrangements must be completed to get the batteries into position during the night before D day. 5. The heavy artillery is placed under the general supervision of Brigadier General LeRoy R. Irwin, who, after consultation with the Division Commander, will assign special missions to this artillery, both before and during the attack. (c) ENGINEERS. The Commanding Officer, 107th Engineers, will carry out with the Engineer Regiment, orders previously given him by the Division Commander. (d) The 107th Field Signal Battalion, under the supervision of the Division Signal Officer will be used energetically for the maintenance of all means of communication between the Division P.C. and subordinate units of the Division and between the Division P.C. and neighboring Divisions. lOmitted. 274 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY (e) GAS SERVICE. Company B, 1st Gas Regiment. Two platoons will be reported with materiel to the Commanding General, 63d Brigade, and one platoon will be held in reserve by the Company Commander. (f) AIR SERVICE. One Artillery plane will be used for locating fugitive targets, one plane for counter-attack work and a third as Infantry contact plane. (g) SANITARY SERVICE. A station for slightly wounded has been established at cross roads 11.2-75.2, near present Division P.C. Field Hospital Numbers 126 and 127 are located in the southern edge of BOIs CHEHEMIN (09.5-75.1), three kilometers southwest of MONTFAUCON. Ambulance Company No.127 is located at VERY. The Division Surgeon will set up dressing stations and other establishments as needed and notify these Headquarters, and Brigade Headquarters, of the location of same. (h) STRAGGLER POSTS: Straggler posts will be established by the A.P.M. under instructions previously given, with the exception that the post at VERY will be moved to the northern edge of the town. 4. No change in administrative orders. 5. (a) LIAISON: General plan of Liaison as given in Liaison Plan No. 1, September 24th, 1918, and Liaison Plan No.2 and Appendices A and B, 25th September, 1918. Brigade, regimental and battalion commanders of the leading Brigade will detail Liaison agents with corresponding elements on their flanks. (b) Axis OF LIAISON: EPINONVII.LE-LA GRANGE AUX BOIS FME.ROMAGNE-BANTHEVILLE. (c) ADVANCE CENTERS OF INFORMATION: No.l- OUVR DE LA VICTIME (10.5-78.0), 1 kilometer west of MONTFAUCON. No.2 - EPINONVILLE. No.3 - Small woods one and one half kilometers east of GESNES. (A.C.I. No.1 is now in operation. Time of opening of successive Centers will be announced later). (d) DIVISIONAL PROJECTOR STATION - 11.2-76.0. (e) Division P.C. - No change. P.C. 63d and 64th Infantry Brigades - EPINONVILLE. By command of Major General Haan: R. M. BECK, JR. Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. -0 HEADQUARTERS 57TH F.A.BRIGADE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES FRANCE OPERATIONS ORDERS, 8th October 1918. No.7. 1. No further information of the enemy. The First American Army will continue the attack. The 32nd Division will capture the BoIS DE VALOUP, the TRANCHEE DE DANTRISE and the portion of the TRANCHEE DE LA MAMELLE within its sector. It will seize and hold the heights north of ROMAGNE and will capture the heights west of ROMAGNE by envelopment from the east and southeast. The 1st Division will assist the 32nd Division by attacking in the direction of Hill 263, LE PETIT BOIS and the Bois DE ROMAGNE. The 3rd Division will attack on the right. The division will attack with one brigade on the front line, the 126th regiment on the right, the 125th regiment on the left. 2. This artillery command will support the attack of the 32nd Division. 3. Artillery at the disposal of the division. See Organization of Command attached.2 2See Annex I on page 276. DOCUMENTS 275 4. Preparatory Fire The attack will be preceded by a fire of destruction commencing on October 8th, at 1:00 o'clock. The fire will be upon specially selected targets, principal attention being paid to the hostile trench lines within the sectors, wire, machine gun and trench mortar emplacements, assembly points, communications and strong points. (See chart of objectives).3 During the night October 8th and 9th, the destructive fire will cease. A harassing and interdiction fire will be substituted, the fire of destruction being resumed at daylight and continuing to H-5 hour. Gas will be freely used during the interdiction fire. Persistent gas will not be used after H-4 hours and non persistent gas not after the H-1 hour. Artillery commanders will so conserve ammunition as to have at the moment the infantry moves to attack, at least 400 rounds for each piece of 75 cal. 200 " " " " " 155 cal. 5. Accompanying Fire (a) The attack will be preceded by a rolling barrage. The barrage will be laid 300 meters in front of the jumping off line at H-5 and will lift at H hour. It will advance by jumps of 100 meters every 6 minutes. The barrage will halt when it has advanced one kilometer for 30 minutes, when it will again lift in bounds of 100 m. every 6 minutes to the Tranchee de DANTRISE and the Tranchee de la MAMELLE when it will hold for 20 minutes after the trench has been reached throughout its length. It will then jump forward 300 meters and remain stationary for 20 minutes. The advance will then resume and will continue according to the attached chart, to the northern outskirts of ROMAGNE, where it will gradually die out. RATE OF FIRE. 3 shots per minute for 6 minutes. 2 shots per minute for 6 minutes. 1 shot per minute thereafter. BATTERIES PARTICIPATING FROM RIGHT TO LEFT. 149th F.A. 6B. 151st F.A. 3B. 119th F.A. 6B. 147th F.A. 5B. 20B. 6. Covering Fire A covering fire upon successive targets will precede the rolling barrage lifting when the barrage reaches 200 meters of the target being fired upon. Should the barrage extend beyond the range of the 75's in position, the covering fire will be continued according to the time table of the barrage, lifting when the infantry advance approaches to within 500 meters. At the first halt the covering fire will advance to the Tranchee de DANTRISE and de la MAMELLE and remain upon them until the barrage again approaches. BATTERIES PARTICIPATING 67th Brig. 150th Regt. 6 B 155 57th " 121st " 4 B 155 58th " 123rd " 4 B 155 67th " 151st " 3 B 75 57th " 120th " 3 B 75 58th " 1 Regt 6 B 75 Such batteries of the H.A.L. of the Corps, under command of Lieut. Col. Maliou, not engaged on special missions, will participate in this fire, firing upon important targets to be selected by the Commander of the Corps Artillery and being governed by the rule of lifting 500 meters in advance of the infantry. sOmitted. 276 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY During the first halt the fire of these batteries will be concentrated on the Tranchee's de DANTRISE and de la MAMELLE. 7. Special Targets In addition to the special liaison maintained between designated batteries of the Corps artillery and the Air service, a battalion of the 151st F.A. will be designated by the Brigade Commander of the 67th Brigade to fire upon special targets in connection with the Vth Corps Air Service. The Commander of the designated battalion will at once communicate with the Commander of the Aeroplane Squadron assigned to the division and make the arrangements for carrying out this mission. One battalion of the 123rd F.A. has been designated to act with Balloon Co. No.7. 8. Liaison The Commanders of the Light Field Artillery of the 57th and 67th Field Artillery Brigades will maintain their P.C.'s in close proximity to that of the Commanding General of the 63rd Brigade and will be prepared to furnish the support he may desire and execute missions asked for keeping these headquarters informed. Should occasion require the use of the Divisional Heavy Field Artillery and connection cannot be obtained with the P.C. of these headquarters, a direct call may be made in the heavy field artillery of the 57th, 58th or 67th Brigades, who will execute the fire, making report at once to these headquarters. Liaison officers, non-commissioned officers with signallers, couriers and runners will be attached to each infantry battalion in the front line. 9. Artillery Information Lieut. Colonel Fish, 120th F.A., is placed in charge of the information and scouting service of the command. The commanders of the 67th Brigade will detail 1 officer, 2 non-commissioned officers and 5 privates (couriers and runners) to report to Lt. Col. Fish at P.C. of General McCoy, Commanding Infantry Brigade, October 9th at H hour. The Commander of the Light Field Artillery of the 58th F.A.Brigade will similarly detail 1 officer, 2 non-commissioned officers and 5 privates to report at the same time and place. 10. H hour will be announced later. 11. This P.C. will remain in its present position. By command of Brigadier General Irwin: J. W. GILSON, Major, F.A. U.S.A. Adjutant. ANNEX I. ARTILLERY AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE 32ND DIVISION. BRIGADIER GENERAL G. LER. IRWIN, COMMANDING. 57th F.A.Brigade. L.F.A. 119th 6 batteries Col.Wales, 147th F.A., commanding. 120th 3 " P.C. 067.791. 147th 5 H.F.A. 121st 4 " Lt.Col.Arthur, 121st F.A., commanding. P.C. 117.770. 67th F.A.Brigade. L.F.A. 149th 6 batteries Col.Reilly, 149th F.A., commanding. 151st 6 " P.C. 090.763. H.F.A. 150th 6 " Col.Tyndall, 150th F.A., commanding. P.C. Fayel Fme. 58th F.A.Brigade. L.F.A. 122nd or 6 batteries 124th H.F.A. 123rd 4 batteries French. 454th (105) 3 batteries Lt. Col. Mahiou, commanding. 301st (155 Sch) 2 " P.C. 84.35. 330th (155 St. 1 " Chamond) DOCUMENTS 277 HEADQUARTERS, DETACHMENT 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDER Oct. 8, 1918 No.1. 1. In accordance with Annex 1, Operations Order No.7, Hdqrs. 57th F.A.Brigade, Am.E.F., France, Oct. 8, 1918, a detachment of the 67th F.A. Brigade consisting of the 149th and 151st Field Artilleries, is constituted and placed under the command of Colonel Henry J. Reilly. 2. This Detachment, in accordance with the same order, will support the attack of the right regiment of the 63rd Brigade, 32nd Division, on the enemy's position to our immediate front, to be made on D day at H hour. 3. The 32nd Division will capture the BoIS DE VALOUP, the TRANCHEE DE DANTRISE and the portion of the TRANCHEE DE LA MAMELLE within its sector. It will seize and hold the heights north of ROMAGNE and will capture the heights west of ROMAGNE by envelopment from the east and southeast. The 1st Division will assist the 32nd Division by attacking in the direction of Hill 263, LE PETIT BOIS and the BoIS DE ROMAGNE. The 3rd Division will attack on the right. 4. a. The division will attack with one brigade on the front line, the 126th regiment on the right, the 125th regiment on the left. b. The 126th Infantry will attack with two battalions in the front line and one in support. c. The 149th F.A. will directly support the right battalion in the front line of the 126th Infantry. It will furnish a liaison detachment under command of an officer, which will report to the commanding officer, 126th Infantry, and then to the battalion commander of this battalion. d. The 151st F.A. will directly support the left battalion in the front line of the 126th Infantry. It will furnish a liaison detachment under command of an officer, which will report to the commanding officer, 126th Infantry, and then to the battalion commander of this battalion. e. Each of these detachments will maintain liaison by telephone and runners with the P.C. of the leading battalion of their regiment. 5. The fires throughout the attack will be as follows: a. A harassing and interdiction fire throughout the night of Oct. 8th-9th, in accordance with the tracing issued the afternoon of Oct. 8th. This fire to cease at 6:00 AM. Oct. 9th. b. A fire of destruction with observation, from 6:00 A.M. to H-Sm minutes, in accordance with the attached drawing, marked "A." ON THE CONCLUSION OF THIS FIRE AT H-5 MINUTES, THERE MUST BE LEFT ON THE POSITIONS 600 ROUNDS PER PIECE. c. A rolling barrage in accordance with the attached Time Table marked "B." This barrage advances by jumps of 100 meters every 6 minutes. The rate of fire for the barrage will be: 3 rounds per piece per minute for 6 minutes. 2 " is " " " " 6 " 1 round per piece per minute until the end. d. A covering fire in accordance with attached drawing marked "C" and TIME TABLE FOR LIFTING OF COVERING FIRE marked " D. "4 This fire will be delivered by the batteries of the 1st Battalion 151st F.A. when not engaged in firing on fugitive targets, and by the two batteries of Hammond's not in use at various times during the rolling barrage. e. A fire on fugitive targets to be delivered by the 1st Battalion, 151st F.A. when called for by aerial observers with the indicatif "N G 2." f. A fire at short ranges on machine gun nests or other obstructions holding up the infantry advance. Battery E, 149th F.A. is designated as the battery to furnish this fire. Its commanding officer will report to the commanding officer 126th Infantry, for instructions. The battery will be put in such a posi4Omitted. 278 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY tion during the night of Oct. 8th-9th that at H hour it will be ready to open fire at short ranges on the first machine gun nests or other obstructions met with during the advance. g. ALL ORGANIZATION COMMANDERS, TO INCLUDE BATTERY COMMANDERS, WILL BE PREPARED TO PROMPTLY FURNISH A C.P.O. IN CASE OF COUNTER ATTACK BY THE ENEMY. This C.P.O. will consist of zone fire sweeping, each battery taking the same frontage as that occupied by it at the end of the rolling barrage and firing to a depth of 300 meters. The rate of fire will be: 3 rounds per piece per minute for 6 minutes. 2 ". (" " ( 6 i" 1 " " " " " until the end. 6. The commanding officer 151st F.A. will have one non-commissioned officer and three privates mounted report to the commanding officer, Detachment 67th F.A.Brigade by 6:00 A.M. October 9th. Lieutenant Wm. Huske, with one non-commissioned officer and two privates, 149th F.A. mounted, and the one non-commissioned officer and three privates of the 151st F.A. provided for above, will report to Lieutenant Colonel FISH at the P.C. of General McCoY, commanding the 63rd Inf. Brigade, Oct.9th, at 8: 00 A.M. 7. All liaison signals and codes remain as they have been in the 42nd Division. 8. "H" hour will be 8:30 A.M. October 9, 1918. HENRY J. REILLY, Colonel, U.S.A., 149th F.A. Cmdg. Det. 67th F.A.Brig. -- 0O -- -- HEADQUARTERS, DETACHMENT 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDERS No.3 Oct. 11, 1918. 1. In compliance with Relief Orders Headquarters 57th F.A.Brigade, Am.E.F., 10th Oct. 1918, and modification of same Oct. 11, 1918, the 149th and 151st F.A.'s are relieved from their present mission of supporting the 32nd Division. 2. The movement will commence at 7:00 P.M. October 11th. 3. Sufficient ammunition to fill all chests will be taken; the balance will be left at battery positions. As far as possible the movement of ammunition will be made by the motor trucks assigned to each regiment. Each regiment will be prepared to furnish to the Headquarters 67th F.A. Brigade by 9: 00 o'clock the morning of Oct. 12th an exact statement as to how much and what kinds of ammunition were left on each position. 4. Regiments will be assembled at their rear-most horse echelons. 5. The turning over of missions will be carried out by the commanding officer of this Detachment. The regiments will not leave any personnel behind for this purpose. 6. Liaison Agents will be withdrawn immediately upon receipt of this order. 7. Telephone communication with battalion and regimental headquarters will be maintained until each battery has successfully left its position. As soon as each battalion is clear, the battalion commander will report by telephone, in the case of the 149th F.A. to these Headquarters, merely stating "O.K."; in the case of the 151st F.A. the battalion commanders will report to their regimental commander in the same manner and he, when both his battalions are out, will make a similar report to these headquarters. 8. Regimental commanders will report to the Headquarters 67th F.A. Brigade at 9:00 A.M. Oct.l2th, with such officers as may be necessary for the purpose of making a reconnaissance of the new positions to be occupied. DOCUMENTS 279 9. The P.C. of this Detachment will remain where it is until 7:00 A.M. October 12, 1918. HENRY J. REILLY, Colonel, U.S.A., 149th F.A. Cmdg. Det. 67th F.A.Brig. HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. Confidential No.I October 12, 1918. COMBAT INSTRUCTIONS Not to be Taken Into Front Line Trenches. Issued down to include Company Commanders. 1. During the recent operations our forward lines seem often to have hesitated where there has been little opposition and have thus deprived us of the advantage to be gained by a vigorous advance against a shaken enemy. Our officers have not appeared to grasp the extreme importance of constant aggressiveness and have not fully realized that definite results can be obtained only by continuously pressing the enemy and not permitting him to stop when once he is forced to give way. 2. The numbers of machine guns used by the enemy have been increased and it is upon these that he is placing his main reliance, being especially adept in defending the edges of woods and other points. Our troops should not be halted nor delayed by such means of defense, but isolated detachments using smoke screens and 37mm guns, assisted by artillery, if necessary, should be left to attack either directly or by a flanking maneuvre, while the main advance continues in the line of least resistance. 3. All the prescribed means of reducing machine gun nests do not seem to have been used. This is to be insisted upon, and Division Commanders will hold their subordinates responsible that it is done in future. It will be especially emphasized that accompanying guns should be pushed well forward to help the very front line by point blank fire if necessary. Division Commanders should give orders accordingly and make proper assignment of such artillery, also of 37mm guns, machine guns, and gas and flame troops. Attention is particularly invited to Combat Instructions (Confidential 1348), which will be carefully studied by junior officers. 4. It is imperative at this time that division, brigade, regimental, and battalion commanders should give their personal attention to the tactical instruction of their younger officers, even to those about to launch an attack, to the end that these officers may feel full confidence in their own ability and that of their men to meet any situation and carry their lines forward against any opposition. The presence of the higher officers well in advance will frequently be required in order that directions may be given as to the course of action when there is any hesitancy or delay on the part of their units. PERSHING. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDERS Secret 13 October, 1918. No.365 5:00 o'clock. MAPS: VERDUN A BUZANCY FOREST D'ARGONNE 1, DUN-SUR-MEUSE I. (a) The enemy is withdrawing on the entire western front. (b) The first American Army continues its attack on D day at H hour. 5These orders were later amended by telephone. The map and the annex referred to in sections II and III have been omitted. 280 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY (c) The 5th Army Corps will seize LA BERGERIE FERME and COTE 253 flanking the Bois HAZOIS. It will mop up the BoIS DE BANTHEVILLE-and will advance to the line - RIDGE running SOUTHWEST from HILL 300 in Bois D'ANDEVANNE-LA BERGERIE FERME-BOIS L'ESPASSE-COTE 253-RIDGE 1 kilometer NORTHWEST of St. Georges. (d) The 82nd Division will attack on our left. II. The 42nd Division will attack within the zone specified on the attached map and will capture the objectives therein indicated. III. (a) Units will be disposed according to the plan shown on the attached map. (b) The general positions indicated will be taken before dusk today, so that the troops may readily move into their assault positions during hours of darkness. (c) The 42nd Division will reduce with the 84th Blrigade the portion of the Bois DE ROMAGNE in its front, including HILLS 288 and 242, as far as the 1st Objective Line. At H hour, the right of the 84th Brigade will attack in Liaison with the left of the 32nd Division. Nearly all the artillery of the Division will support the attack, in accordance with Plan for the Employment of Artillery (Annex No.l) attached hereto. The elements of the Division west of Point 03.4-85.0 (Northern edge of Bois DE ROMAGNE) will remain in place. The attack on the 2nd Objective will be made in two phases-first by the 84th Brigade-second by the 83rd Brigade. In each phase almost the entire divisional artillery will support the attacking Brigade (see Annex No.1). At H hour plus 3 hours, the 84th Brigade will advance to the attack of the 2d Objective. At H plus 5 hours, the 83rd Brigade will advance to attack the 2nd Objective. The 84th Brigade will seek to establish itself on the line corresponding to the 2nd Objective-in such a manner as to permit the continuation of fire by 155's on the positions of LANDRES-ST. GEORGES during the halt on the 2nd Objective. The 3rd Objective will be attained similarly in two phases commencing with the 83rd Brigade at H plus 6 hours 30 minutes and followed by the advance at H plus 8 hours by the 84th Brigade. The 4th Objective will be attained by vigorous exploitation pushed forward from the 3rd Objective. In the event that during the course of its progress the Division finds itself in advance of the neighboring divisions, it will nevertheless continue its advance, taking precautions to protect its exposed flanks by echelonment in depth under the direction of the infantry brigade commanders. (d) The Divisional Reserve will consist of the 117th Engineers (less 2 companies) with the 149th Machine Gun Battalion attached. (e) The Division Reserve will be alerted at H hours between the BoIs MONTREBEAU and CHARPENTRY, under direction of the Commanding Officer, 117th Engineers, prepared to move immediately on receipt of orders. (f) Rate of March: 100 meters in four (4) minutes in the open. 100 meters in six (6) minutes in the woods and on steep slopes. (g) Artillery preparation commences at once and will be continued up to H hour minus 15 minutes. From H minus 2 hours to H hour minus 15 minutes, all artillery will execute the most violent possible concentration on all known enemy positions, and edges of woods likely to conceal machine guns. Especial attention will be devoted by the divisional artillery to: COTE DE CHATILLON-HILL 262-Northern part of Bois DE ROMAGNE-HILL 288 and Enemy trenches. Destruction fire will be maintained on all known organizations of the enemy, especially those south of ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES - in the Bois DE CHATILLON - TUILERIE FERME - HILLS 262 and 242. Numerous breaches in the wire will be made by observed fire on the line ST.GEORGES-LANDRES-ET ST.GEORGES. During the attack the divisional artillery will fuirnish the usual deep barrage and destructive fire. The barrage will commence at H hour minus three DOCUMENTS 281 minutes. During the 3 minutes (H hour minus 3 minutes to H hour) % of the 75 mm. projectiles will be smoke shell. In all barrage fire as much smoke shell as can be obtained will be used. In Front of the 83rd Brigade the artillery preparation will continue until H plus 5 hours. On this portion of the front, starting at H plus 5 hours the batteries of 75's will be employed to furnish the rolling barrage, the 155's will be largely concentrated on the line ST.GEORGES-LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES until the infantry arrives at 500 meters from this line. (h) Gas shells will be used freely. Shelling with persistent gas will cease in any area 4 hours before the occupation of the area by our troops; nonpersistent gas may be used until 1 hour prior to such occupation. (i) Infantry Brigade Commanders will not allow their advance to be checked in order to mop up positions taken. Special detachments from support will be assigned in advance to this duty. A machine gun company will be assigned to a company each front line and support battalion as closely as possible. (j) At least one wire cutting team, composed of two wire cutters, one axeman and two automatic riflemen, will be assigned to each half platoon in the front line of assaulting and support battalions. (k) Accompanying artillery will be assigned on the basis of two guns per battalion. These guns must actually accompany the infantry where the terrain permits, and will be used against such obstacles as present themselves. (1) The Commanding Officer, 117th Engineers, will designate one company, 117th Engineers, to report to each infantry brigade commander in accordance with arrangements already made. (m) Assignment of 214th Aero Squadron (French) to this Division is announced. IV. DIVISIONAL AxIS OF LIAISON. LANDREVILLE-LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES-EXER MONT-CH AUDRON FERME-CH ARPENTRY-VERY-thence to CORPS P.C. Plan of Liaison as prescribed in G-3 memorandum No.28, c.s. these Headquarters: V. P.C.'s. 5th Army Corps: VERRIERE EN HESSE FERME. 42nd Division: CHEPPY. 83rd Inf.Brigade: MAISON DE GARDE. 84th Inf.Brigade: LA NEUVE FORGE FME. 67th F.A.Brigade: CHEPPY. Advance Report Center, 42nd Division: CHAUDRON FME. VI. Administrative details: No change. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Col., General Staff.. Chief of Staff. OHEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. MEMORANDUM: October 13, 1918. 1. The Organization of the Command, as announced in attached sheet, remains the same. All other parts of Annex I are revoked.6 2. From H hour minus 2 hours to H hour minus 15 minutes, all guns will be concentrated on sensitive points in the enemy terrain with maximum rate of fire. Ammunition must, however, be conserved so as to allow on the battery positions at the H hour, 400 rounds for the 75's and 200 rounds for the 155's. 6Annex 1, Field Orders, No. 36, Headquarters 42nd Division, October 13, 1918. 282 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 3. Rolling barrages will be fired as shown on the attached tracing.7 Rates of fire during the rolling barrages: For 75's: 80 rounds per gun per hour. For i55's: V2 round per gun per minute. During pauses, one-half of the above rates. 4. The 6th and 7th F.A.'s will fire 34 smoke in their barrages. 5. After the arrival of the infantry on the third objective, the exploitation of the fourth objective will take place under separate infantry brigade commanders, from whom light artillery subsector commanders will receive their orders direct. 6. One battery of the 149th Field Artillery, to be designated by the commanding officer thereof, will be used as accompanying battery to the 83rd Infantry Brigade and one battery of the 151st Field Artillery, to be designated by the commanding officer thereof, will be used as accompanying battery to the 84th Infantry Brigade. These batteries will be used in the preparation and accompaniment to include the arrival of the infantry on the second objective, after which they will be moved forward in close liaison with the respective infantry brigades. 7. The H hour is 5:30 o'clock on October 14th. By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. H. NANCE, Lieut. Col., 150th F.A. Acting Adjutant. --— 0-o --- HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE October 13, 1918. ANNEX I PLAN OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE ARTILLERY8 1. ARTILLERY AVAILABLE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMAND. Brigadier General George G. Gatley, Commanding. P.C. CHEPPY. Light Field Artillery of the left subsector: Colonel Henry J. Reilly, Commanding, 6 Batteries 149th F.A., 6 batteries 6th F.A. Light Field Artillery of the right subsector: Colonel George E. Leach, Commanding, 6 Batteries 7th F.A., 6 batteries 151st F.A. Heavy Short Field Artillery-Colonel Robert H. Tyndall, Commanding. 6 batteries 5th F.A., 6 batteries 150th F.A. Other Artillery under the command of the Division. 219th R.A.C.P.-9 Batteries. 3rd Battalion 59th C.A.C., 2 Batteries. Artillery in Liaison with: Lt. Col. MAHIEN, Commanding-C.B. Grouping. 1 Bn. -3 Batteries 105 2 Bn.-6 Batteries 155 C.S. Counter-battery. 1 Bn.-3 batteries 155 St.Ch. - Destruction. Lt. Col. CHAPLIN, Commanding —left C.B. Grouping. 2 Bn. — 6 Batteries 105, eventual C.B. for 42nd Division. 1 Bn. -3 Batteries 155 C.S. - Preparation and C.B. 70mitted. 8All of the document following paragraph 1 has been omitted. DOCUMENTS 283 HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. FIELD ORDER 14 October 1918. No.37 23:30 hours. Maps same as Field Order No.36. 1. The enemy's resistance on the front of our Army is breaking. 2. The attack will continue tomorrow. 3. (a) Zones of action same as for today. (b) At 7:15 hours the Divisional Artillery will commence its barrage on the line of the enemy wire in the sector of the 83rd Brigade. At 7:30 the barrage will lift 300 metres and stabilize for ten minutes to permit the passage of hostile wire by the infantry. At 7: 40 the barrage will commence to move forward and will advance at the rate of 100 metres in 6 minutes until it comes to rest 300 meters beyond the 3rd objective as specified in Field Order No.36 when it will stabilize and die out. (c) Before 7:15 the 83rd Brigade will be disposed for the attack with all elements withdrawn to a safe distance from the barrage line. At 7:15 the infantry will move forward close to the barrage line and at 7:30 will commence the passage of hostile wire under protection of the barrage. At 7:40 the infantry will advance following the barrage closely until the 3rd objective is reached leaving especially designated units to mop up St.Georges and Landres-et-St. Georges. (d) The infantry will be supported by tanks in accordance with verbal instruction. (e) During the advance of the 83rd Brigade the 84th Brigade will be employed in exploiting the Cote de Chatillon and the woods near La Tuilerie Farm. (f) When the 3rd objective is captured instructions will be given for an advance to the 4th objective and for vigorous exploitation to the front. (g) At all times brigades will maintain liaison by physical contact with brigades on their right and left refusing their flanks when necessary to effect such liaison. 4. No change in P.C.'s, axis of liaison or administrative details. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Col., General Staff, Chief of Staff. 0 -HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. FIELD ORDER 15th October 18. No.38 Secret 1. The division will attack tomorrow at H hour. 2. (a) The 83rd Brigade, supported by a detachment of tanks, will advance at H hour and will capture the road running between ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES, and will commence mopping up both towns. As soon as the objective is attained the brigade will be organized for further advance under shelter of the road. When the necessary reorganization is effected a rocket with green stars will be fired and the infantry will advance and occupy the third objective, as given in Field Order No.36. As soon as the infantry can be organized in this position a rocket with green stars will again be fired and the infantry will advance and dig in on the fourth objective, as given in Field Order No.36, pushing out strong exploiting patrols well to the front. When the fourth objective is reached by the infantry a caterpillar rocket will be fired to signify that the fourth objective has been reached. (b) Before H hours minus 30 minutes the 83rd Brigade will be disposed for the attack with its leading elements 500 meters south of the road running between ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES. 284 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY (c) The 84th Infantry Brigade will continue the exploitation of the COTE DE CHATILLON and the woods about LA TUIIERIE FARM but will not advance its elements beyond the line of the second objective, as given in Field Order No.36. (d) At H hours minus 30 minutes the divisional artillery will put down an intense fire on selected points within the divisional sector north of the road running between ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES in the sector of the 83rd Brigade, and north of the second objective, as given in Field Order No. 36, in the sector of the 84th Brigade. Particular attention will be paid to the edges of woods, to the towns of ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-FT-ST.GEORGES and to other points where enemy machine guns are probably installed. At H hours the southern limit of fire in the sector of the 83rd Brigade will be lifted to the line of the third objective, as given in Field Order No.36; the fire which had previously been delivered on points south of this line being diverted to other sensitive points in the new area under fire. When the infantry signal, by firing a rocket with green stars, that they are prepared to advance, the southern limit of fire in the sector of the 83rd Brigade will again be advanced so that fire will not fall in the sector of the 83rd Brigade south of a line 300 meters north of the third objective, as given in Field Order No.36. When the infantry again signal, by firing a rocket with green stars, that they are prepared to advance, the southern limit of fire of the divisional artillery in the sector of the 83rd Brigade will be moved northwards to a line 300 meters north of the line of the fourth objective, as indicated in Field Order No.36, and will die out when the infantry signals, by firing a caterpillar rocket, that the fourth objective has been occupied. In every instance, when fire is lifted from an area because of the advance of infantry, it will be diverted to other selected sensitive points threatening the advancing infantry. The divisional artillery will also maintain a smoke screen on the east and west boundaries of the 83rd Brigade between the road connecting ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES and the fourth objective, as given in Field Order No.36. (e) The tanks assigned to support the infantry will not be withdrawn under any circumstances while the combat continues. (f) At all times brigades will maintain liaison by physical contact with brigades on their right and left, refusing their flanks when necessary to effect such liaison. (g) 1. The divisional reserve is placed at the disposal of the Commanding General, 83rd Infantry Brigade, and will be disposed tonight in a forward position where it may readily take part in the combat. 2. The Commanding Officer, 117th Engineers, commanding the divisional reserve, will report without delay to the Commanding General, 83rd Infantry Brigade, for instructions. 3. No change in P.C.'s axis of liaison or administrative details. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Col., General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. MEMORANDUM:9 October 15, 1918. 1. Pursuant to Field Orders No.38, Headquarters 42nd Division, 1918, the Division will attack tomorrow at the H hour. 2. (a) The 83rd Brigade, supported by a detachment of tanks, will advance at H hour and will capture the road running between ST.GEORGES and 9The charts referred to in this memorandum have been omitted. DOCUMENTS 285 LANDREs-ET-ST.GEoRGES and will commence mopping up both towns. As soon as the objective is attained the brigade will be organized for further advance under shelter of the road. When the necessary reorganization is effected a rocket wit. green stars will be fired and the infantry will advance and occupy the third objective, as given in Field Order No.36. As soon as the infantry can be organized in this position a rocket with green stars will again be fired and the infantry will advance and dig in on the fourth objective, as given in Field Order No.36, pushing out strong exploiting patrols well to the front. When the fourth objective is reached by the infantry a caterpillar rocket will be fired to signify that the fourth objective has been reached. (b) The 84th Infantry Brigade will continue the exploitation of the COrE UE CHATILLON and the woods about LA TUILERIE FARM but will not advance its elements beyond the line of the second objective, as given in Field Order No.36. 3. The Divisional Artillery will fire preparation and accompaniment to the attack as follows: (a) Light Field Artillery. (1) 149th F.A.-6 Batteries, smoke screen as shown on Chart A. (2) 219th F.A. - Observed fire for destruction on the southern and western edges of the Bois DE HAZOIS and the Bois DE L'EPASSE (see chart A). (3) The 6th, 7th and 151st F.A.'s, 4 batteries per regiment destructive fire, 2 batteries per regiment, raking fire on the objectives and areas in their respective zones, north of the indicated southern limits of fire. This fire will be in the nature of short, rapid bursts, delivered at irregular intervals, and where observation and targets permit, shrapnel will be used. (4) After the firing of the second green rocket, all light field artillery mentioned in (3) above, plus that portion of the 149th Field Artillery firing western part of the smoke screen, will be concentrated on the indicated barrage line beyond the fourth objective. (5) Rate of fire for all destructive and raking not to exceed 40 rounds per gun per hour. Rate of fire for smoke screen 60 rounds per gun per hour. (b) Heavy Short Field Artillery. Fire for destruction on enemy organizations as shown on chart B. Rate of fire not to exceed 2 round per gun per minute. 4. The infantry will send up the rockets all along their line. In order that these rockets may not be missed and in order that they may be acted upon immediately by the artillery concerned, each battalion (except those of the 219th R.A.C.P.) will establish at least one observer to watch for them. Regimental commanders will take the necessary steps within their regiments to assure immediate communication of the observer's report to all elements of their command. Subsector artillery commanders will at once report the firing of different rockets to Brigade Headquarters. 5. In order that useless expenditure of ammunition may be avoided, subsector artillery commanders will establish the closest liaison with the attacking infantry in order that they may be immediately informed if the attack has been stopped and the further schedules, fire of the field artillery should be discontinued. This discontinuance will be ordered by the brigade commander, or, in the event of failure of communications, on the responsibility of the artillery subsector commander. 6. H hour will be announced by telephone later to regimental headquarters. 7. Organization of the Command. No Change. By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. H. NANCE, Lieut. Col., 150th F.A., Acting Adjutant. 286 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Confidential 5th Army Corps, U.S., Not to be taken into Second Section, G.S., front line trenches. October 12, 1918. No.22. SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE OCTOBER 11TH TO OCTOBER 12TH, 1918. 12 H. TO 12 H. I. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY Diminished artillery activity. Enemy infantry vigilant. Harassing fire by machine guns. Enemy aviation inactive, visibility poor. II. ENEMY FRONT LINE No change. III. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE The presence of the 123rd Division in line is confirmed by the capture of additional prisoners of the 351st Regiment and further by the taking of prisoners from another regiment of this Division, the 178th Regiment; this is the first identification of the latter regiment. Prisoners taken on October 12th from the following regiments already identified in line opposite the Corps front: 111th Regt. (52nd Div.) taken South of Landres-St.Georges. 147th Regt. (37th Div.) taken Southeast of Sommerance. 457th Regt. (235th Div.) 351st Regt. (123rd Div.) 178th Regt. (123rd Div.) 110th Regt. (28th Div.) The 5th and 6th Companies of this regiment surrendered without any attempt to withdraw. IV. ENEMY INFANTRY Vigilant. Our front lines harassed by machine gun fire. The enemy infantry gives every indication of a determination to offer a stubborn resistance. V. ENEMY ARTILLERY Each division reports less activity than on previous days. The enemy artillery was active. Bombardment of front lines was general throughout the sector with a large proportion of medium calibre shells. There was a liberal admixture of gas shells. The center division reports heavy shelling during the afternoon and night, chiefly with gas, and states that the fire seemed to come principally from the North. In the sector of the left division artillery was active at intervals throughout the night, and between 3 h. and 7 h. of the morning a small proportion of gas shells were mingled. There was little shelling of the rear areas of the left division. The Bois de Boyon, Le Petit Bois and Exermont Ravine were shelled with gas shells, but there was no heavy concentration of gas. There was harassing and interdiction fire near Gesnes and on the road Romagne-Cierges. VI. ENEMY MOVEMENTS Observation hindered by visibility being poor. Carrying parties in the vicinity of Cunel. Company of infantry marching to Landres et St.Georges at point F 02.88 at 9 h. 45. Two machine gun carts going into Landres et St. Georges on the Landres-Remonville road at 9 h. 5. VII. ENEMY WORKS Continued work on trench or machine gun post on hill North of the Romagne-Cunel road. Work on wire at F 02.67 & at Landres-St.Georges. A patrol reported Hill 288 fortified with concrete dugouts. (NOTE: Photographs show two lines of wire not indicated on the plan directeur; one in front of the Southwestern edge of the wood on the Cote de Chatillon, the other Southwest of Landres-St.Georges, from F 1368 to F 1769; the latter continues in front of the trench along the Y co-ordinate line 87. See note in Appendix). DOCUMENTS 287 VIII. ENEMY AERONAUTICS Decreased activity. Adverse weather conditions. Enemy balloons in ascension. Balloon up at Landreville at 10 h. IX. MISCELLANEOUS ENEMY DATA The right division reports the following, from captured documents: Rocket signals of 351st Regiment are as follows: White rockets, fire of destruction distant; red rockets, fire of destruction close; green rockets, barrage. X. ACTIVITY OF OUR OWN TROOPS During the afternoon the right division succeeded in taking one hundred meters South of Cunel. On account of heavy flanking fire elements of the right divisions were forced to withdraw from Romagne-Cunel road to their old positions. At all points on the front our patrols were in active contact with the enemy. Our artillery was active in harassing fire and fire of destruction. XI. RESULTS OF OUR AIR OBSERVATIONS Weather foggy with poor visibility. Ten sorties (three reconnaissance) two infantry liaison. German machine gun reported at F 32.57. APPENDIX TO SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE #22, OCTOBER 12, 1918. NOTE ON THE COTE DE CHATILLON AND DEFENSES OF LANDRES-ST.GEORGES. Northwest of the high crests of the Bois de Gesnes the Kriemhilde Stellung rests on the Cote de Chatillon. This hill is about 260 meters in height, and is wooded on its crest and on its southern and western slopes. The line of trenches which crosses the clearing south of the Musarde Farm is relatively shallow, but there is a strong belt of wire in front of it, laid out in a deep sawtooth pattern. Photographs show an apparent gap in this belt of wire just south of the farm, but it is to be noted that this gap is an orchard, where it would be easy to construct an effective obstacle (which would not appear on photographs) by stringing wire between the trees. Similar obstacles of wire may be looked for inside the southern corner of the Cote de Chatillon wood. The main trench runs just inside the southwestern edge of the wood. In front of it just outside the edge of the woods is a strong belt of wire not indicated on the Plan Directeur. There may be noted a passage through the wire just in front of the clearing in the northwestern corner of the wood. This passage may be located by a path running along outside the wire and crossing inside it through this passage. This wire connects with the belt of new wire which forms the first of the three lines of wire in front of the 1st trench south of Landres St.Georges. It is much wider than the other two lines and of a much bolder sawtooth pattern. There should be noted also another line of wire not shown on the Plan Directeur just southwest of Landres St.Georges. It is just in front of the trench which follows along the Y co-ordinate line 87; 300 yards southwest of the town. It joins the line of trenches and wire running north and south, and continues around the spur of the hill toward the southwest so as to connect up with the line of wire shown on the Plan Directeur as ending at point F 1368. Inside the wood on the Cote de Chatillon there begins a second line of trench from one to three hundred yards behind the first, following in general the direction of the first to a point about 200 yards southwest of the southwest corner of the town. The town is now enclosed by trenches on all sides. These trenches are accurately indicated on the Plan Directeur of September 16th, but it should be noted that in previous editions they are incomplete and also that the front trench southwest of the town is incorrectly located. It should be, noted that the trenches around the town are laid out so as to defend the town against an attack from the southwest. It seems to have been expected that the strength of the Kriemhilde position on the crest to the southeast could be relied upon to defend the region from any attack in that direction. To the north the town and the region immediately around it are dominated by two high hills, one of which is covered by a wood (the Bois 288 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Hazois) large enough to afford cover for a considerable body of troops. On the other hill, Cote 253, to the northwest, there are a number of small patches of woods, too small to allow any considerable concentration of troops, but large enough and so situated as to allow machine gun detachments in them to sweep the valley to the south. Still further to the east the high ground which lies the Bois de Bantheville dominates and enfilades the whole valley of the Ruisseau St.Georges in which the town lies. The Cote de Chatillon gives excellent view over not only the open ground to the southwest but also across the valley to the north, and has already been organized by the enemy as an observation post. The capture of this hill would thus take in the flank and the whole system of defense which the enemy has constructed around Landres-St.Georges and give us the observation necessary to any progress northward across the valley. By direction of the Chief of Staff: GEO. M. RUSSELL, Lt. Col., F.A., A.C.of S., G-2. -0 DAILY OPERATIONS REPORT No.3 Secret. Secret HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, From noon 13 October 18, to noon 14 October 18. I. HOSTILE SITUATION AT BEGINNING OF DAY. No change. II. INFORMATION RECEIVED OF ENEMY DURING DAY. Prisoners of 3rd Guard Division captured on our right. They had orders hold at all costs. III. HOSTILE MOVEMENTS, CHANGES, AND CONDUCT DURING DAY. (a) General. Enemy resistance being overcome. Strongest on our right. (b) Infantry and Machine Guns. Machine guns from east fired into flank and rear of troops of our right brigade. Heavy fighting at Hill 288. Resistance all along line of trenches south of Landres et St. George-St.George. (c) Artillery. Light artillery barrage and fire on our troops, mostly small calibres. Some gas shells. (d) Aeroplanes and Balloons. Very active. Machine-gunned our troops. Had control of air. (e) Movements. Enemy being driven back by our troops. One battery seen withdrawing on road north of Landres-et-St.George at 11 A.M. Some troops fled from Bois de Hazois when it was shelled. IV. MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE. None. V. OWN SITUATION AT BEGINNING OF DAY. No change. VI. OWN CHANGES, MOVEMENTS AND ACTION DURING DAY. (a) General. Troops were brought into attack formation. At H hour the Division Reserve moved forward to near Exermont with an officer at 84th Infantry Brigade P.C. DOCUMENTS 289 (b) Infantry and Machine Guns. Advanced at 5:30 o'clock in accordance with F.0.36, these Hdqrs., amended by telephone. First and Second objectives reached as per schedule except on extreme right where strong resistance was met at Hill 288. This position, strongly entrenched and held, was finally taken and our troops pushed ahead. Our line at 12 noon is: From left —Second objective as far as Cote de Chatillon, south part of Cote de Chatillon, south of La Tuilerie Farm. DAILY OPERATIONS REPORT No.4 Secret Secret. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES FRANCE From noon 14 October 18, to noon 15 October 18. 1. HOSTILE SITUATION AT BEGINNING OF DAY. Enemy held line of wired entrenchments running south of ST.GEORGESLANDRES-ST.GEORGES, west of COTE DE CHATILLON north of Hill 288. This position is defended by numerous machine guns, well echeloned, and much artillery. II. INFORMATION RECEIVED OF ENEMY DURING DAY. Identification: 151st Regt., 37th Div., by dead body. 152nd Regt., 41st Div. 18th Regt., 41st Div. III. HOSTILE MOVEMENTS, CHANGES, AND CONDUCT DURING DAY. (a) General. Enemy opposed strong resistance to repeated attacks, preceded by artillery preparation, and to attempts at infiltration. (b) Infantry and Machine Guns. Machine guns very numerous and active along line of trenches, as well as on slope behind road between ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST. GEORGES. These were very active, opposing all our attempts to progress. A small counter-attack on the front of the 83rd Infantry Brigade failed utterly. (c) Artillery. Much harassing fire and gas shelling on our troops. Valley of EXERMONT subjected to harassing fire and gas shells during entire night. Artillery from east of ST.JuvIN enfiladed our left brigade when they attempted to advance. Much shrapnel to west of ST.GEORGES. Much gas shelling on LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES and ST.GEORGES. (d) Aeroplanes and Balloons. Very active. 1 drachen up. (e) Movements. Caissons and guns seen moving to rear. 2 railroad trains toward CHAMPIGNEULLE. 4: 12 P.M.- Carriages, probably artillery, from BUZANCY to NOUART. 4:30 P.M.-Trench section south into LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES. 100 men north out of same town. Wagons from BAYONVILLE to BUZANCY. IV. MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE. None. V. OWN SITUATION AT BEGINNING OF DAY. Held line about 1 kilometer south of ST.GEORGES-LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGESthence along west of COTE DE CHATILLON-around Hill 288-to Hill 286. 290 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY VI. OWN CHANGES, MOVEMENTS AND ACTION DURING DAY. (a) General. Attacked alternately with each brigade. Some progress has been made on our right. (b) Infantry and Machine Guns. On our left the attack toward the 3rd Objective was checked before strong entrenchments and wire. Raked by machine guns. On our right a similar condition arose from the attack towards the 1st Objective. The left of the 84th Brigade advanced; the right was held up after taking Hill 288. This threw the axis of the attack of this brigade northeast. This morning the 83rd Brigade attacked, supported by 10 tanks. They were checked. The 84th Brigade made some progress in exploiting the COTE DE CHATILLON. (c) Artillery. Supported alternately one brigade, then the other. (d) Aeroplanes and Balloons. Small activity. (e) Movements. Tanks were obtained to support the 83rd Brigade. VII. INFORMATION, NEIGHBORING UNITS. 32nd Division at 12:40 hours, 14 October 18, reported 2nd Objective taken, except at COTE DE LA DAME. Permission granted to our troops by 64th Brigade to enter their sector so as to outflank COTE DE CHATILLON and LA TUILERIE FME. VIII. ORDERS RECEIVED. Telephone message, re Treachery by surrendering Germans. Telephone message, re Staff Officer to obtain line. Telephone message, re Use and supply of Bengalore torpedoes. Messages, re Tanks. F.0.75, 5th A.C., re attack morning of 15 October 18 (by telephone). Telephone messages, re preparation of tanks and Bengalore torpedoes for attack on morning of 16 October 18. IX. ACTION DURING DAY AND ORDERS ISSUED AND RECEIVED. Action by telephone on all above telephone messages. F.0.37, re continuation of attack, morning 15 October 18. G-3 Memorandum 35, re Staff Officer to obtain line. X. RESULT OF ACTION, BOTH OWN AND ENEMY. As above stated. Estimated Casualties: Killed - 100 3 Officers and 93 men Wounded - 696 (Prisoners captured) Gassed -290 XI. MAPS ILLUSTRATING THE ABOVE. None. XII. ESTIMATE OF SITUATION. Enemy holding organized trench system in force. XIII. PLANS FOR FUTURE. In accordance with plans of 5th A.C. XIV. REMARKS: MORALE, SUPPLIES, ETC. Morale-good; Supplies -good; Weather-overcast; Visibility-poor. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Col., General Staff, Chief of Staff. DOCUMENTS 291 Confidential 42nd Division, A.E.F. Not to be taken Second Section, G.S. into the front. No. 143. SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE OcT.15 TO OcT.16, 1918. NOON TO NOON. PART I. 1. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY. During the afternoon of October 15 the battle continued until darkness made further movement impossible. After repeated attempts our troops captured La Tuilerie Farm which had for two days resisted our assaults. During the night the enemy artillery continued its harassing fire but made less use than before of gas shells. The morning of October 16 no advance was attempted and the sector is rather quiet except for occasional fire on our front lines and some harassment of the forward areas. There has been no aerial activity. 2. ENEMY FRONT LINE. The enemy holds the line of the Kriemhilde Stellung including Cote de Chatillon but not including Hill 242 and La Tuilerie Farm which are in our hands. His defense is still along the base of the Cote de Chatillon and runs westward slightly south of Landres-et-St.Georges and St.Georges. Our line remains the same as at noon October 15 except that it now includes La Tuilerie Farm, viz., through the figures 10 G 9 and 2 G 3 in Squares F 06 and F 16, west of 10 G 9 to the sector limit, east from 2 G 3 to the enemy wire at point F 2864, from there southeast along the enemy wire to a point just south of La Musarde Farm (which is still held by the enemy) and from there to and including La Tuilerie Farm. 3. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE. Ninety-one prisoners from the 148th and 152d Regiments of the 41st Division were captured on October 14 near Hill 242 in the Bois de Romagne by the 168th Infantry, confirming the present Order of Battle. One prisoner from the Lehr Regiment of the 3d Guard Division was captured near the same point but as he was lost from his command, his capture does not indicate any change in the location of the 3d Guard Division, elements of which are supposed to be still in line to the east of and adjoining the 41st Division. The prisoners taken are classified as follows: Division Regiment Bn. Co. Officers N.C.O.'s Privates Total 41 152 1 3 - - 4 4 41 152 2 5 - 4 14 18 41 152 2 7 1 10 26 37 41 152 3 9 - -6 6 41 152 3 10 - -4 4 41 152 2 2M.G. - 1 3 4 41 152 3 3M.G. 1 1 13 15 41 148 2 7 - -3 3 3d Guard Lehr 2 5 - 1 1 2 16 74 92 4. ENEMY INFANTRY. On the afternoon of October 15 there were no enemy counter attacks but the enemy infantry continued its stubborn resistance to our assaults and maintained a devastating machine gun fire on our troops from Hill 260, la Musarde Farm, Bois de Hazois and from the entire lines, Landres-et-St.Georges-St.Georges. The morning of October 16 there has been occasional enemy machine gun fire and no other infantry activity. 5. ENEMY ARTILLERY. The enemy continues to use 77s and 105s and at times to fire very heavily on our lines. The fire is not continuous however and in general does not extend very far toward our rear. Harassing fire of high explosive and some gas shells is still directed upon Exermont and Cote de Maldah but the enemy has used less gas than during the preceding period. However, during the afternoon of October 15, a heavy concentration of gas shell accompanied by high explosive was fired on our lines, along the western edge of the Cote de Chatillon. 292 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 6. ENEMY MOVEMENTS. Visibility very poor. At 12:15 P.M. twelve men moved from Bois de Hazois toward Landres-et-St.Geor.ges. At 2:55 P.M. forty men in three groups, each group carrying a large white flag with a red cross, moved toward our lines along the Imecourt-Landres-et-St.Georges Road and at 3 P.M. they turned westward along the valley. Our men did not fire upon them. At 3:30 P.M. 5 wagons followed by 4 platoons of infantry and a large red cross wagon passed from Landres-et-St.Georges to Imecourt. There were no other movements except those of the battle. 7. ENEMY WORKS. None. 8. ENEMY AERONAUTICS. Weather impossible for aerial observation. Nothing to report. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. Nothing to report. 10. ACTIVITY OF OUR OWN TROOPS. Throughout the afternoon of October 15 our infantry continued its attacks upon the enemy positions. After prolonged and bitter fighting under the frontal and enfilading fire of artillery and machine guns, the 168th Infantry succeeded at dark in capturing La Tuilerie Farm which remains in our hands at the time of this report. On the remainder of our front we have made no material gain. On October 16 our troops were ordered to hold their positions and not to attack. Our artillery, severely handicapped by poor observation due to lack of visibility and of aerial reglage, has fired upon special targets at the request of infantry commanders. PART II. INTERROGATION OF SEVEN PRISONERS OF THE 41 ST DIVISION CAPTURED BY THE 168TH INFANTRY. CIRCUMSTANCE OF CAPTURE. Eugene Val, whose experiences are typical, says his company composed of only 25 men, 1 sergeant and no officers, entered the line during the afternoon of the 14th in front of La Ferme de la Tuilerie and before Hill 242. Their position was about 150 meters from the American lines. They were in liaison with the 152d Regiment to their right and later the Lehrregiment on their left. Their orders were to support the 152d Regiment and hold at all costs. When the American artillery fire began there was a precipitate withdrawal of the units on both sides of them and all but five men and the sergeant of their company took to flight. They found themselves quickly surrounded and taken from the rear. The prisoner stated that the troops entering the line came by road from Imecourt to Landres and all were directed across the field from there to La Tuilerie Ferme and thence into position. The prisoners had been shifted so frequently and rapidly that they only had a vague idea of their positions or battle order. The prisoner,reports concentration of troops and baggage in the Bois de la Folie, to the right of Buzancy. ARTILLERY. The prisoner stated that two enemy batteries were located at approximately 304.0-286.3 and at 304.3-286.4, the former on the border of a small woods and the latter in a ravine. The American artillery fire, he says, constantly fell just behind the Tuilerie Farm and did not reach as far back as the batteries. MORALE. The spirit of the German troops has been sinking steadily since the Spring Offensive. The feeling now is that the situation is clearly hopeless and the best that can be expected is to save Germany from devastation. They explain their resistance in the present sector as due entirely to the feeling that they must hold back the enemy from the German border at all costs since they believe that, once the Allied troops are in Germany, there will be a general devastation of their territory. If they were reassured as to this anxiety, there would be no more resistance, they say. The nerves of the people at home have reached the breaking point and any terms that would bring peace, even the cession of territory such as Alsace-Lorraine, would be welcomed. Feeling has become so intense against the military party that there have been serious disorders bordering on mutiny in garrison towns among troops ordered to the front. So serious has the situation become that men in these towns are now deprived of their arms until they reach the forward zone where they can be DOCUMENTS 293 controlled. Prince Max of Baden is regarded as of democratic and even socialistic trend. The American artillery is highly praised by the Germans but less is thought of the training of the infantry. They admire the youth and rashness of the American infantrymen who, they say, are more like hunters than soldiers. By command of Major General Menoher: WILLIAM N. HUGHES, JR., Lt. Col., G.S., Chief of Staff. Confidential 42d Division, A.E.F. Not to be taken into Second Section, G.S. front line trenches. No. 144. SUMMARY OF INTELLIGENCE OCT. 16 TO OCT. 17, 1918. NOON TO NOON. PART I. 1. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY. During the afternoon of October 16 our right Brigade was engaged in straightening its line and consolidating its positions. On the left our activity was confined to holding the line. The enemy artillery has been active but less than during our assaults. The enemy infantry remains upon the defensive and bad weather has again prevented any considerable aerial activity. The morning of October 17 has been rather quiet throughout our sector. 2. ENEMY FRONT LINE. The enemy is still holding the line of the Kriemhilde Stellung in front of St.Georges and Landres-et-St.Georges. From point F 2865 his line runs east through the two small woods at F 3267 and F 3966. Our line is unchanged on the left, running east from the western limit of the sector through the figures 2 G 3 in Square F 16, from there along the enemy wire to the northwest corner of the woods on the Cote de Chatillon, from there along the north side of the woods to the northeast corner, then southeast through the center of the woods at F 3663 and from there along the top of the figures 46 in Square F 46. The crest of Hill 260 (Cote de Chatillon) is entirely in our hands. 3. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE. The capture by the 168th and 167th Infantry of three officers and thirty-four enlisted men of the 152d Regiment and two enlisted men of the 148th Regiment on the Cote de Chatillon on October 16 confirms the continued presence of the 41st Division on our front. The capture by the 168th and 167th Infantry of four officers and sixty-eight enlisted men of the 13th Regiment on the Cote de Chatillon on the same day gives the identification of a new division on our front, the 13th Division. The 13th Regiment of this division was put into the line during the night of October 15-16 to reinforce the 152d Regiment of the 41st Division in the neighborhood of La Tuilerie Farm. The 1st and 3d Battalions were sent into the line and the 2d held in support. The battalions have been reduced to three companies. During the afternoon of October 16 the 2d Battalion was ordered to counter attack on the Cote de Chatillon but only one company advanced. The prisoners state that the other two companies refused to attack. The 13th Division is one of the best divisions in the German Army. It was in the German offensives of the spring and summer of 1918 on the CambraiSt. Quentin front. The latter part of September it was sent to the Champagne front and was engaged there at least as late as October 12, when prisoners were taken from the 13th Regiment at Mars-sous-Bourcq. The prisoners however state that only the 2d Battalion was in the front line in Champagne and that the other two battalions were in support and reserve. The Regiment was started to the rear on October 13 to be part of Corps Reserve, and while en route, was sent to our front. According to the prisoners, the companies of the regiment have a trench strength varying from forty to eighty men. 4. ENEMY INFANTRY. The enemy maintains his stubborn resistance to our troops and while he attempted two minor counter attacks on our right during the afternoon, we had no difficulty in capturing or dispersing the attacking party. 294 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The general impression given by the enemy infantry is of a tenacious but stolid and rather hopeless resistance with no thought of yielding but no prospect of successful aggression. The infantry has strong positions, fully manned, an abundance of machine guns and ammunition and adequate artillery support. The enemy seems resolved to delay our advance as long as is humanly possible because he now feels, according to statements of prisoners, that our forces are dangerously near the German border. 5. ENEMY ARTILLERY. During the 24 hours from noon October 16 there has been reinforcement of the enemy artillery. In the afternoon, fire of 150s recommenced after an interval of several days and one heavy gun, apparently a 210, fired slowly and regularly upon the National Highway at the entrance to Exermont Valley. Thirteen of these shells were counted of which but two exploded. It is to be noted that the enemy now habitually mixes explosive gas shells with his fire of high explosive, whether on our front or forward areas and this is clearly to be distinguished from his use of gas in concentrations. Harassing fire continues throughout our forward areas and at times the fire upon our front lines was very heavy and came in part from the flanks. 6. ENEMY MOVEMENTS. Visibility bad. No enemy movements were observed except those on the battle field. 7. ENEMY WORKS. Nothing to report. 8. ENEMY AERONAUTICS. No enemy drachen have been seen. In spite of bad weather enemy planes,retain their supremacy in the air and have assisted the enemy artillery. The following planes are reported: 3:00 P.M. 1 plane very low over our lines. 3:20 P.M. 1 plane flying low along our front brought down in its own lines by fire from the 165th Infantry. 3:40 P.M. 3 planes low over F 1542 adjusting artillery fire. 9. MISCELLANEOUS. The questioning of prisoners has brought out their impressions of the peace discussion. Their morale has been somewhat improved by the conviction that they have but few more days to fight. They were told that the United States, France and Italy favored peace but England wished to prolong the war. They also understood that if German armies withdrew to their own borders in conformance with President Wilson's propositions, the Americans and English would likewise evacuate France. While Germany's peace note is felt to be a confession of defeat, they are convinced that Germany still has ample forces to offer a powerful resistance. The total number of prisoners taken by this Division since October 12th is now 211. 10. ACTIVITY OF OUR OWN TROOPS. On the afternoon of October 16 the 84th Brigade by terrific and prolonged fighting against well organized and savage defense, succeeded in penetrating the Kriemhilde Stellung at its apex on the Cote de Chatillon which is said to be the strongest point between the Argonne and the Meuse. At this point there is a heavily wooded slope with strong wire. Here a large garrison with artillery support and the usual large supply of machine guns upon which the enemy base their defense, offered grim battle and was driven back foot by foot by the furious attacks of our infantry. We now hold Cote de Chatillon and have organized the forward slope of the hill against possible counter attacks. Two enemy attempts to dislodge us during the afternoon were complete failures and resulted in the capture of prisoners. On the left our troops maintained their positions under the fire of enemy artillery and the crossfire of enemy machine guns. Our artillery continued its harassing fire and concentrated lethal gas upon the enemy support positions. PART II REPORT OF THE INTERROGATORY OF THREE PRISONERS OF THE 13TH INFANTRY REGIMENT, CAPTURED BY THE 168TH INFANTRY, OCTOBER 16, 1918. MOVEMENTS OF BATTALIONS: The 13th Regiment came from Champagne by marching a few days ago. It has been in reserve on this front for one or two days. Its battalions came into line separately. DOCUMENTS 295 ist Battalion, I3th Infantry -The prisoner questioned was a runner between this battalion and the 2d Battalion of the 152d Infantry. The 1st Battalion, 13th Infantry came into line at 2 A.M. October 16th. The 2d company was in line. The 1st and 3d were probably in support. The battalion commander, a 1st lieutenant, was in a fox-hole about 300 meters behind the firing line. The 2d Battalion, 152d Infantry, was in line one kilometer to the right of the 1st Battalion, 13th Regiment. It was to be relieved by the 3d Battalion, 152d, but relief had not yet come. The prisoner was captured with men of the 2d Battalion, 152d Regiment. The shelling between this and the 2d Battalion, 13th Regiment, was very heavy. 2d Battalion, I3th Infantry —The prisoner of the 6th Company was captured at 4:30 P.M., October 16th during a counter attack on the Cote de Chatillon. The battalion marched into a support position three kilometers behind the line in the night, October 15-16. The 5th, 6th and 7th companies were in line in the order named from west to east. They came into line about half an hour before, to counter attack. All three companies were ordered to advance, but the 5th and 7th did not move. The 6th advanced alone and the attack failed. 3d Battalion, 13th Infantry - The 3d Battalion came into line at La Tuilerie Farm on the night of October 15-16. It had two companies in line, the other probably in reserve. The prisoner was captured about noon, October 16th, with men from all the other companies of his battalion. STRENGTH OF COMPANIES: The 6th Company has a trench strength of twenty-nine men; the 9th Company seventy-men; the 10th Company thirty-two men and the 3d Machine Gun Company forty-two men. The 4th, 8th, and 12th Companies have been broken up to supply replacements for the other companies of the battalion. REPORT OF THE INTERROGATORY OF Two GERMAN PRISONERS OF THE 13TH INFANTRY REGIMENT, 13TH DIVISION, CAPTURED AT LA TUILERIE FARM, 10 A.M., OCTOBER 16, 1918. MOVEMENTS OF THE DIVISION: The 13th Division was in Champagne, in reserve, very close to the front. The 3d Battalion, 13th Regiment left Saint Morel on October 11th, marched to Les Alleux, left there on October 13th, marched to Clermont, and thence to a position near the line. The 3d Battalion spent the night of October 15-16 in a wood at F 3562 and came into line about 6:30 A.M., October 16, relieving or reinforcing elements of the 152d Infantry, 41st Division. STRENGTH OF COMPANIES: The 12th Company has been broken up to furnish replacements. The 10th Company has two platoons of 16 men each, and a total of three light machine guns. The 3d Machine Gun Company has six heavy machine guns, and seven men per gun, divided into three platoons. POSITION: The 1st and 2d Platoons, 3d Machine Gun Company, were in line about 150 meters apart, behind the 3d Battalion of the Regiment. The two machine guns of the 2d Platoon were about 10 meters apart. They had a good field of fire. Our infantry rushed and captured them too quickly for much firing to be done. MISCELLANEOUS: One of the prisoners from Wesel on the Rhine, returned from leave October 13th. He left home October 5th. He was shipped from Schlestadt with about 300 men returning to the 13th Division on October 7th. They went to Mouzon, arriving October 12th. Much delay was caused because the division was moving. From Mouzon they marched 25 kilometers to the company rear echelon, and the next day, 15 kilometers to the combatant company at a farm in this region. The company advanced 8 kilometers to close behind the lines and came in line about 7 A.M., October 16th. 296 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY REPORT OF THE INTERROGATORY OF THREE GERMAN PRISONERS OF THE 13TII REGIMENT, 13TH DIVISION, CAPTURED BY THE 168TH INFANTRY, OCTOBER 16, 1918. CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CAPTURE: The prisoners were taken on the Cote de Chatillon near La Musarde Farm at about noon on October 16. According to their story, the 13th Division was withdrawn from the Champagne sector, where it was in line, on the 13th of October, and, marched to a rest area 8 kilometers behind the line where it was to pass into Corps Reserve. After one day's rest, however, the division was ordered to the present sector in support of the 41st Division. The troops reached the Cote de Chatillon after a march of two nights and one day on the evening of October 15. At daybreak on October 16 they entered the line with two battalions, the 1st and the 3d, and the 2d being kept in reserve. La Tuilerie Farm, according to their story, which had been taken by the Americans in the afternoon and evacuated during the evening of October 15. was to be occupied by the 3d Battalion by an early morning advance. They reached the farm, occupied it, and moved on to the west 200 meters to find shelter in dugouts against machine gun and rifle fire coming from the American lines. They remained there two or three hours. In the meantime the Americans attacked and their position was surrounded. EFFECTIVES: According to prisoners' statements, the trench strength of the nine infantry companies is as follows: 1st Battalion 2d Battalion 3d Battalion 1st Company 25 men. 5th Company 27 men (approx) 9th Company 70 men (approx) 2d Company 25 men. 6th Company 29 men " 10th Company 32 men " 3d Company 15 men. 7th Company 27 men " 11th Company 30 men " ARTILLERY: The prisoners report the presence of Morser 210s in the sector. They had no knowledge as to the location of the emplacements. The effect of American artillery fire preceding the attack of October 16 was one dead and three wounded in the 10th Company. RELIEFS: Battalion reliefs, it is stated, will be effected in this sector every four days. INTENTIONS OF THE ENEMY: All idea of counter attack on the part of the enemy is stated to be out of the question. Effectives are at hand, even with the addition of the 13th Division, in quantities only sufficient to resist attack. MORALE: The prisoners feel that all hope for autocratic Germany has passed away. Scheidemann, the spokesman for the Socialist party and the German people, is regarded as the greatest man in Germany today. They believe that he will be able to come to an understanding with the Allied Powers as to Germany's future that will suit the people. An interesting detail of the German conception of what evacuation of France and Belgium was to mean is that the evacuated territory was to be held, during peace negotiations, by Dutch and Swiss forces. MISCELLANEOUS: The 13th Division contains elements of the 217th Regiment dissolved on September 14, 1918. By command of Major General Menoher: WILLIAM N. HUGHES, JR., Lt. Col., G.S., Chief of Staff. PART III OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUES AMERICAN, 9 P.M., Oct.16th.- The First American Army continued its attacks today to the east of the Meuse. We advanced in the Bois de la Grande Montagne and held the summit to the West of the Meuse. Our troops have advanced upon and hold the Cote de Chatillon. They are South of the Bois des Loges and at Nightfall were fighting in Champigneville and Grand Pre. Along the front of the Second Army the day was quiet. During the night enemy raids were repulsed. DOCUMENTS 297 GERMAN, 2 P.M. Oct.l7th. -Western Theater of War —Army Group of Crown Prince Rupprecht:We have withdrawn our front in the line east of Thourout, Coolscamp, In.gelmunster and in liaison with these towns behind the Lys. After heavy artillery fire upon the evacuated territory, the enemy felt his way up to our new positions. On both sides of Coolscamp he attacked with strong forces and made local attacks near Thourout and Ingelmunster. He also made violent attacks against the Lys front near Courtrai and Menin. The enemy was everywhere repulsed. The enemy yesterday followed up to our new front between Lille and Douai in the line Capinghem, Allennes-les-Marais, Carvin, Oighies. In the Selle Sector, the enemy penetrated our lines near Haussy. Cyclist battalions threw back the enemy in counter attacks and retook the old positions. The bombardment of the city of Demain by English artillery continues and has caused further sacrifices among the French inhabitants and fugitives. Army Group of the German Crown Prince - On the Aisne front occasional artillery activity. Renewed attacks of the French north of Origny were repulsed. On the Aisne and the Aire strong French attacks broke down before our new lines west of Grand Pre. Army Group von Gallwitz - East of the Aire, American attacks, whose main thrust was directed against Champigneulle and Landres, were repulsed. Both places were held. The heights southeast of Landres remain in the enemy's hands after fluctuating fighting. Also on the eastern bank of the Meuse, renewed attacks of the enemy broke down. The 1st Landwehr Division especially distinguished itself in the defense west of Flabas against the enemy attacking with tanks. Southeastern Theater of War- Before our new front between Jagodine and Nish the enemy reached the line west of Morava, Krusevac and Aleksinac. Local attacks made from this line were repulsed. LUDENDORFF HEADQUARTERS, FIFTH ARMY CORPS, A.E.F. FRANCE. G-3 #2659 17 October 18. FIELD ORDER No.79 Secret MAPS: BUZANCY DUN-SUR-MEUSE 1/0 FORET D'ARGONNE VERDUN A 1. No further information of the enemy. The first Corps continues its advance. 2. The 5th Corps will continue its preparation to advance. 3. (a) The 32nd Division will mop up the BoiS DE BANTHEVILLE as far north as the FOND DE VERLET. The 32nd and 42nd Divisions will continue to exploit their fronts vigorously with strong patrols. (b) The 89th Division will retain its present bivouac. (c) Systematic artillery bombardments with observed fire will be commenced at 7 hours. This fire will be directed upon known and suspected machine gun emplacements and nests, lines of resistance, battery positions and reserve emplacements. This fire will be continued throughout the day. The Corps and Divisional artillery commanders will personally investigate the ammunition supply and expenditure of all artillery units in their command and will prevent unprofitable expenditures while securing the maximum effect from observed fire. 4. No change in other details. By command of Major General Summerall: W. T. BURTT, Brigadier General, Chief of Staff. 298 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. 17 October, 18. G-3 MEMORANDUM No. 45 (MAP 1/20,000) 23: 00 o'clock. 1. In accordance with instructions from the 5th Army Corps, the 67th Field Artillery Brigade will cooperate with the 82nd Division in the attack tomorrow by firing the following program when requested to do so by the 82nd Division. 1st: A smoke screen will be put down, parallel to, and 200 yards west of parallel 00, between parallel 89 and parallel 87.7. 2nd: Violent and intense high-explosive and shrapnel fire will be delivered on COTE 253, on the ravines and ridges running south and southwest therefrom, and on the woods in Square 08 and 18. 2. Plans and firing data will be prepared early tomorrow morning. 3. Ample warning will be given before the fire is required. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Lieut. Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. o HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES France 26 October 1918. From: Commanding General, V Army Corps. To: Commanding General, 42d Division, U.S. Subject: Service of 42d Division with V Army Corps. 1. Upon the termination of the service of the 42d Division with the V Army Corps, I desire to express my appreciation of the manner in which portions of the Division have performed the missions assigned to them. In particular I wish to commend the following units: The 84th Infantry Brigade: This Brigade, under the command of Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur, has manifested the highest soldierly qualities and has rendered service to the greatest value during the present operations. With a dash, courage and a fighting spirit worthy of the best traditions of the American Army, this Brigade carried by assault the strongly fortified Hill 288 on the Kriemhilde Stellung, and unceasingly pressed its advance until it had captured the Tuilerie Ferme and the Bois de Chatillon, thus placing itself at least a kilometer beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance. During this advance the enemy fought with unusual determination, with a first class division and in many cases resorted to hand to hand fighting when our troops approached his rear. The conduct of this Brigade has reflected honor upon the Division, the Army and the States from which the Regiments came. The 67th F.A.Brigade: This Brigade has remained continually in action since the entrance of the Division into line, and by self-sacrificing devotion to duty and the high skill of its officers and men it has contributed greatly to the success of all operations. CHARLES P. SUMMERALL Major General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. FIELD ORDER 31 October, 1918. No.47 Secret 11:15 hours. 1. Pursuant to verbal instructions from the 5th Army Corps, the command of the divisional sector will pass to the Commanding General, 2nd Division, at noon today. DOCUMENTS 299 2. In accordance with paragraph 1, the Commanding Officer, 83rd BTigade, will make the necessary arrangements to transfer the command of the advance zone to the Commanding General, 4th Brigade, at the hour designated. 3. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade, front line battalions of the 83rd Brigade and the 149th, 150th and 151st Machine Gun Battalions will remain in place and will carry out their missions under direction of the Commanding General, 2nd Division. 4. The P.C. of the 83rd Brigade, 166th Infantry and the 165th Infantry will be vacated and turned over to the Commanding Officers of corresponding units of the 2nd Division. One staff officer will remain at each headquarters to render such assistance as may be possible to the incoming commanders, until 6 hours November 1st. 5. The Commanding Officer, 83rd Brigade, will advise these headquarters as soon as his new P.C. is established. Until such notice is received, he will make the necessary arrangements so that communications can reach him through his present P.C. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff. Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 2 November 1918. From: Commanding General, V Army Corps. To: Brigadier General, D. E. Aultman, Chief of Artillery. Subject: Commendation. I desire to convey to you and to the Officers and Soldiers of all Artillery serving in this Corps, my profound appreciation and my high admiration of the brilliant manner in which the Artillery of all classes has performed the difficult tasks allotted to it, especially during the advance of November first. Although the Artillery has been constantly in action day and night, sustaining the battle since the beginning of the present offensive, it has responded with a self-sacrificing devotion to duty and a superb efficiency that is beyond all praise. While our dauntless Infantry have advanced against the enemy's prepared positions with a courage that elicits our greatest admiration, it must be recognized that without the powerful and skillful co-operation of the Artillery, it would have been impossible to acomplish the results which they have so brilliantly achieved. The tremendous volume of fire, the skillful arrangement of all objectives, and the perfect coordination with the Infantry and machine guns, have made the action of November first a model of completeness, and it must stand as a tribute to the able administrative officers who conceived the plans, and to the technical ability and the fidelity to duty of those who executed them. I beg that you will convey to the Officers and Soldiers of all units of Artillery, the foregoing sentiments, and will assure them of my abiding wishes for their continuing success in the campaigns that lie before them. (signed) C. P. SUMMERALL Major General, Commanding. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. FIELD ORDER No.52 Secret 4th November, 1918. MAPS: RAUCOURT 1/20,000 21: 30 hours. MEZIERES 1/80,000 VENDRESSE 1/50,000 1. Pursuit of the enemy continues. The First Corps will attack tomorrow morning. 300 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 2. The 42nd Division will commence to move forward at 24:00 hours. 4th November, pass through the 78th Division and take up the pursuit immediately. 3. (a) The boundaries of the divisional zone of advance will be: EASTETN BOUNDARY: OCHES-LES HUTTES D'OGNY FARM-RAUCOURT (excl.)PETIT RENNILY (excl.). WESTERN BOUNDARY: BRIQUENAY-GERMONT-BRUIELLES-SUR-BAR-LES PETITES ARMOISES-TANNAY-CHENERY-BULSON-THELONNE-BAZEILLES (All inclu.) (b) Troops will move forward at 24:00 hours, 4th November under direction of brigade commanders. The Infantry will take position in readiness to advance with its forward elements on the line: LES PETITES ARMOISES-VERRIERES-ST.PIERREMONT. The advance of the infantry from this line will commence at 12:00 hours, November 5th when the infantry will move forward, pass through the infantry of the 78th Division and attack the enemy. By 12: 00 hours, November 5th, the divisional artillery will be disposed to support the advance of the infantry. (c) The formation for the pursuit will be with the two infantry brigades abreast, each brigade with two regiments in line, each regiment having one battalion in the front line, one battalion in the second line and one battalion in the third line. (d) The 84th Brigade will attack on the right, the 83rd on the left. Boundary between brigade zones of action: VERRIERES-BOIS DE SY-SYLA CORRERIE FARM-LA VILLE MAIRIE (all to left brigade)-ARTAISE-LE-VIVIERMAISONCELLE-BEAU MENIL FME (all to right brigade). (e) Each brigade will be responsible for maintaining liaison with organizations on the right and left. (f) The pursuit will be pushed vigorously. Resistance encountered will be broken without permitting delay by rear guard action on the part of the enemy. Front line battalions will be used while they are able to progress and will then be passed through by rear line battalions. After passage front line battalions will be reorganized and will continue the advance. The divisional artillery will follow closely the advance of the infantry. (g) The advance will be supported by the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and the 153rd Field Artillery Brigade, under direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, who will designate one battalion of 75's to support the advance of each infantry brigade under direction of the infantry brigade commander. (h) The 149th Machine Gun Battalion and one company of the 117th Engineers are attached to the 84th Infantry Brigade. One company of the 117th Engineers is attached to the 83rd Infantry Brigade. (i) The 117th Engineers (less two companies) will constitute the divisional reserve and will move forward at 10: 00 hours, November 5th, to VERRIERES where it will await further orders. 4. Administrative instruction under separate cover. 5. P.C.'s. 42nd Division AUTRUCHE 67th F.A.Brigade AUTRUCHE 84th Inf. Brig. FONTRNOY 83rd Inf. Brig. AUTHE 153rd F.A.Brig. AUTRUCHE By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. DOCUMENTS 301 HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. MEMORANDUM: November 5, 1918. 1. To enable this Brigade to furnish support to the infantry directed in Field Orders No.52, Headquarters 42nd Division November 4th the following will govern: 2. Organization of Command. Brigadier General George G. Gatley, Comdg. Right subsector: (P.C.Fontenoi) Left Subsector:(P.C.Grim'ausard Fme) Col. George E. Leach, Comdg. Lieut. Col. Curtis G. Redden, Cmdg. 4 batteries, 75 m/m 4 batteries, 75 m/m 1 battery 155 C.S. (E) Capt. Kelley 1 battery 155 C.S. Heavy Short Field Artillery Col. Robert G. Tyndall, Cmdg. (in reserve) 4 batteries, 155 C.S. Trench Artillery 1st Lieut. J. Woodall Greene, Cmdg., (in reserve) 117th Trench Mortar Battery. 3. Subsector commanders will take the necessary steps to enable their guns to follow closely their infantry brigades. The greatest care will be taken to accomplish the maximum effect with the small amount of ammunition available. 4. Subsector commanders will endeavor to have the battery of 155 C.S. assigned to them follow closely their light batteries. Owing to congestion of roads and scarcity of ammunition the battery of 155 C.S. will only be used when in the opinion of the subsector commander the mission could not be accomplished by the 75's. 5. P.C. Gatley- Autruche (until further orders). By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. F. BAIRD, Adjutant, F.A., U.S.A. 0 -------— o --- —— ~ — HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. MEMORANDUM: November 7, 1918. 1. Pursuant to Field Order No.55, Headquarters 42nd Division November 7, 1918 the 67th F.A.Brigade will take up suitable positions to support the 84th Infantry Brigade. 2. (a) The 151st F.A. plus 1 battery of 155 C.S. will have as its mission the support of the right regiment of the 84th Infantry Brigade. (b) The 149th F.A. plus 1 battery of 155 C.S. will have as its mission the support of the left regiment of the 84th Infantry Brigade. 3. Boundaries of the Divisional sector will be as laid down in Field Order No.55, Headquarters 42nd Division November 7, 1918. 4. Subsector Commanders will establish D.O.L's with the infantry regiment they support and telephonic liaison with these Headquarters. 5. In addition the mounted couriers now on duty with these Headquarters will be continued. 6. Post of Command: P.C. 42nd Division Maisoncelle P.C. 67th F.A.Brigade Maisoncelle P.C. 117th Ammunition Train Villers -Raucourt 7. Until further orders rations will be drawn at TANNAY. By command of Brigadier General Gatley: C. F. BAIRD, Adjutant, F.A., U.S.A. 302 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. Secret. 7th November 18. G-3 MEMORANDUM No.84. 13:00 hours. 1. By direction of the First Army Corps, the boundaries of the divisional zone of advance are restored to those defined in Field Order No. 52, these Headquarters, and are as follows: EASTERN BOUNDARY: OCHES-LES HUTTES D'OGNY FARM-RAUCOURT (exclusive)-PETIT RENNILY (exclusive). WESTERN BOUNDARY: BRIQUENAY-GERMONT-BRIEULLES-SUR-BAR-LES PETITES ARMOISES-TANNAY-CHEMERY-BULSON-THELONNE-BAZEILLES (all inclusive). 2. Those troops of the 83rd Infantry Brigade which occupy positions west of the above designated western boundary line will be withdrawn within the proper limits of the divisional sector as the 40th French Division on our left passes through them. The 84th Brigade will gradually extend to the right to include the eastern boundary of the sector, as designated above. Troops of the 83rd Brigade withdrawn will be disposed under direction of the Commanding Officer, 83rd Brigade, so as to avoid crowding and the consequent danger of undue losses from shell fire. The boundary line between brigades will remain as prescribed in Field Order No.53 for the present. 3. The Commanding General, 42nd Division, has assumed command of all troops in the amended divisional sector, under instructions from the First Army Corps. The Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade, and the Commanding Officer, 83rd Infantry Brigade, will halt or turn back any elements of other divisions attempting to move in the sector of the 42nd Division if such movement is in any way detrimental to the operations being conducted by the 42nd Division. Prompt report of any action so taken will be made to these Headquarters. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. 0 HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. FIELD ORDER 8th November, 1918. No.56 Secret 21 Hours. VERDUN v OO MAPS: MEERES 1/80,000 1. The 77th Division will relieve all troops of this division. The relief will commence immediately and will be completed before 6:00 hours, 10th November. 2. (a) The details of the infantry relief will be arranged between the Commanding General, 84th Infantry Brigade, and the Commanding General, 154th Infantry Brigade. (b) Details of the artillery relief will be arranged between the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade, and the Commanding General, 152nd Field Artillery Brigade. Elements of the divisional artillery now attached to the 83rd and 84th Infantry Brigades are relieved from this duty and placed under direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade. (c) Details of the relief and transfer of stores and property of the 117th Field Signal Battalion, the 117th Engineers and the 117th Sanitary Train will be arranged between the Commanding Officers of these organizations and the commanding officers of corresponding organizations of the 77th Division. (d) Necessary preliminary reconnaissances will begin at once. Units to be relieved will furnish guides and assist in these reconnaissances in every way. THE TOWN OF CHEVENGES, FRANCE [It was over this territory that the 42nd Division operated in the farthest advanced American attack against Sedan, in November, 1918.] DOCUMENTS 303 3. Ammunition, pyrotechnics and maps which may be termed sector stores will be turned over in place to the 77th Division and proper receipts passed. 4. One General Staff Officer from each General Staff section of the 42nd Division and one Staff officer from the 84th Infantry Brigade and from each regimental and battalion headquarters relieved, will remain with the corresponding headquarters of the relieving unit for 12 hours after command passes. 5. Every precaution will be taken to safeguard the relief and movement of troops to the rear from enemy observation. 6. Upon relief, elements of the 84th Infantry Brigade will be assembled, under direction of the brigade commander, in the area: ARTAISE-LE VIVIER-LE VIVIER, and will there await further orders. This assembly will be completed before 24:00 hours, 10th November. Other elements of the division will move to a new area commencing tomorrow morning, under separate orders. Headquarters 84th Infantry Brigade will be at ARTAISE-LE VIVIER. 7. The command of all elements will pass upon completion of their relief. The command of the divisional sector will pass to the Commanding General, 77th Division at 6:00 hours, 10th November. 8. P.C.'s. 42nd Division MAISONCELLE 77th Division RAUCOURT 84th Division LA FORGE 154th Inf.Brig. HARAUCOURT 67th F.A.Brigade MAISONCELLE 152nd F.A.Brigade RAUCOURT By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff. Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, A.E.F. FRANCE. FIELD ORDER 8th November 18. No.57 Secret 22:45 hours. VERDUN MAPS: MEZIERES 1/80,000 1. Pursuant to instructions from the 1st Army Corps, this division will move by marching to a new area. 2. (a) The 84th Infantry Brigade will be assembled in the area ARTAISE-LE VIVIER-LE VIVIER, in accordance with the provisions of Field Order No.56. (b) The 83rd Infantry Brigade will march at 8:00 hours tomorrow and will bivouac for the night in the vicinity of LES PETITES ARMOISES. On the 10th instant, the brigade will resume the march at 8:00 hours and will take station in the area: SOMMAUTHE-VAUX-FONTENOY. Route: CHEMERY-TANNAY-LES PETITES ARMOISES-BRIEULLES-ST. PIERREMONT and thence to destination. (c) The 117th Engineers and Engineer Train will march tomorrow at 11:30 hours and will bivouac in the vicinity of LES PETITES ARMOISES, north of the bivouacs of the 83rd Infantry Brigade. The march will be resumed at 11:30 hours on November 10th and the command will take station at BAR. ROUTE: Same as for 83rd Brigade to include BRIEULLE, thence via AUTHE to destination. (d) The 67th Field Artillery Brigade will move by the same route as that prescribed for the 117th Engineers and will take station at HARRICOURT. The movement will be conducted under direction of the Commanding General, 67th Field Artillery Brigade and will be completed by 24:00 hours, November 10th. 304 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY (e) The 149th Machine Gun Battalion will retain its station at STONNE until further orders. (f) Headquarters Troop, the 117th Field Signal Battalion and the 117th T.H. and M.P. will proceed independently to BUZANCY where they will take station not later than 18:00 hours, November 10th. (g) The 117th Sanitary train will be assembled under separate orders. 3. (a) Under direction of the Division Surgeon, arrangements will be made as follows: Two horsed ambulances will accompany each infantry regiment and the 117th Engineers. One horsed ambulance will accompany each infantry brigade machine gun battalion. One motor ambulance will accompany each independent battalion. (b) Strict road discipline will be observed. Transport columns will be broken so that an interval of 60 yards will be maintained between every 10 vehicles. During necessary halts on the march, all troops and transportation will halt well over to the right side of the road. During long halts, all troops and trains will be halted off the road. Under no circumstances will transportation of this division be permitted to block the traffic. Column commanders will designate officers to see that road discipline and traffic regulations are strictly observed and all trains and organizations will be invariably accompanied by officers responsible for their discipline. (c) Every precaution will be taken to avoid hostile aerial observation of the movement and the division regulations regarding conduct in case of the approach of hostile aeroplanes will be strictly observed. (d) Headquarters of commanders of columns bivouacing near LES PETITES ARMOISES will be located in LES PETITES ARMOISES SO that orders may be promptly delivered. (e) On arrival at new stations, column commanders will promptly report dispositions of their troops to Division Headquarters at BUZANCY. 4. On November 9th, the 84th Infantry Brigade will draw rations and forage at CHEMERY after 10:00 hours. All other divisional units will draw at TANNAY. On November 10, the 84th Infantry Brigade and the 149th Machine Gun Battalion will draw at TANNAY. The 83rd Infantry Brigade will draw at ST. PIERREMONT. All other elements of the division will draw at HARRICOURT. 5. P.C.'s. 42nd Division At MAISONCELLE until 6: 00 hours, Nov. 10th, thereafter at BUZANCY. 67th F.A.Brigade Same as 42nd Division. 84th Inf. Brigade ARTAISE-LE-VIVIER after 12:00 hours, November 10th. 83rd Inf. Brigade FONTENOY after 18:00 hours, November 10th. By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. --- HEADQUARTERS FIFTH ARMY CORPS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. 5 November 1918. From: The Chief of Artillery, 5th Army Corps. To: The Commanding General, 67th F.A.Brigade. Subject: Commendation. I transmit herewith, letter of commendation from the Corps Commander regarding the action of the Artillery in the operation of November 1st. In transmitting this letter I desire to add my own thanks and appreciation to you and to the officers and men of your Brigade for the hearty co-operation that had resulted in such a brilliant success. To have enabled our Infantry to advance in one day over a distance of 9 kilometers with small loss, capturing over 100 guns, 200 machine guns, and more than 2,000 prisoners, is an achievement of which the Artillery may well DOCUMENTS 305 be proud, and I congratulate your entire command on having so well performed its share in the operation. I desire that the contents of the letter of the Corps Commander be made known to the officers and men of your command, as well as my own appreciation of their splendid conduct. DWIGHT E. AULTMAN, Brig. General, Chief of Artillery, 5th A.C. Headquarters 67th F.A.Brigade, Nov.15, 1918. Copy to 151st F.A. -0 HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE, Nov. 9, 1918. General Orders 31 and 32, c.s., Headquarters 1st Army and the following letter from the Commanding General, 1st Army Corps, are published for the information of the Command: GENERAL ORDER 31, NOVEMBER 5, 1918. On November first after constant fighting for over one month, the First American Army launched an attack against the German Army which had established itself for determined resistance. In five days it had penetrated 25 kilometers and had driven the enemy in retreat before it. Its brilliant success, in connection with the advance of the 4th French Army on its left, forced the Germans to retreat on a broad front to the west. It has fought and marched and endured the rigors of campaign with the most superb indifference to everything except the determination to go forward and imprint upon the enemy the marks of its courage and resolution. All arms and services, those in advance who smashed the way, those in the air who rendered aggressive and efficient service, and those in rear who by their untiring industry made possible the continued advance, are worthy of the highest praise and the gratitude of their admiring country. The Army Commander is proud of such an army, thanks it for the splendid results already achieved, and looks with confidence to the still greater successes that lie before it. GENERAL ORDER 32, NOVEMBER 6, 1918. It is with much pride that the Army Commander publishes the following telegram received by the Commander-in-Chief from Marshal Foch, and the accompanying expression of gratification from the Commander-in-Chief: "The operations which were begun on the first of November by the First American Army have already assured-thanks to the valor of the High Command and to the energy and bravery of the troops —results of the greatest importance. I am happy to send you my warmest congratulations on the success of these operations." The Commander-in-Chief adds to the above: "In transmitting the above telegram from the Allied Commander-inChief, I desire to express my admiration of the past successes of the officers and soldiers of the First American Army and my confidence that they are yet to accomplish still greater deeds." "HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS, 949/G 3 Nov. 6, 1918. From: Commanding General, 1st Army Corps, U.S. To: Commanding General, 42nd Division, U.S. Subject: Commendation. 1. The following telegram just received from the Commanding General, 1st Army is repeated for your information: 306 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY " Widewing Nov 5-6 Commanding General, 1st Corps Number 238 sec G S period The army commander desires that you be informed of his full appreciation of the excellent work done by your corps during the last 3 days period He realizes fully the special efforts exerted and the spirit that has prompted the troops of your command during these operations period The rapidity of the advance notwithstanding hostile opposition has been remarkable and prevented the enemy from reorganizing period The result has been to force the enemy back on his whole front period The army commander desires that you transmit his congratulations and appreciations to the troops of your command for this work Drum" 2. To the foregoing the Corps Commander desires to record his warm congratulations and appreciation of the work done by the divisions of the Corps. 3. He desires that the foregoing commendation be communicated to all concerned, including especially the engineers, signalmen, supply and labor troops, without whose splendid efforts the results obtained could not have been accomplished. By command of Major General Dickman: (Signed) MALIN CRAIG, Chief of Staff." By command of Major General Menoher: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, U.S.A., G.S., Chief of Staff. o HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. 15th November 1918. My Dear Colonel: At the conclusion of the operations in which we have been constantly engaged together since September, I find the opportunity to express what I have often felt during this period,- my genuine appreciation of the support the 151st Field Artillery and yourself have always accorded the 84th Infantry Brigade. It has been invaluable and most 'reassuring. The rapidity with which you have brought the elements of your command to the aid of the 84th Infantry Brigade, the speed and precision with which you have opened fire, the closeness with which your artillery, despite nearly impassable roads, blown out bridges, difficult terrain, rain, mud and enemy fire, has followed up the rapid movements and shifts of the infantry, have been recognized with pleasure and a sure sense of gratitude by all elements and individuals of my command. The 151st Field Artillery has fired accurately, rapidly and whenever requested. Its liaison with the infantry has been intimate, daring and most satisfactory. Its personnel is magnificent. The courtesy and professional attainments of its officers are exceptionally fine. It has been at all times abreast of the highest standards of gallantry and technical skill. Now, as the field of their successful struggles for Hills 288, 242 and the Cote de CHATILLON and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES lies about the division, during its reassembly, the accuracy and power of the fire of your regiment on the enemy organizations, wire and sensitive points, in this steep and tangled terrain, are unrolled before the troops who made the fight, with a poignancy that increases, if that is possible, their confidence in your command. I desire to compliment you on commanding the 151st Field Artillery and the Regiment on having such a Colonel. Very sincerely, DOUGLAS MACARTHUR. DOCUMENTS 307 AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 22 November 1918. From: Commanding General, 42nd Division. To: Commander-in-Chief, A.E.F. SUBJECT: Reports on Operations in the Argonne.10 1. After the ST. MIHIEL salient operation, the 42nd Division was withdrawn from the line, moving by bus to the vicinity of BENOITE-VAUX, where it became Army Reserve. After a few days in this area, it proceeded by marching and was assembled in the vicinity of RECICCOURT, where on October 4th it passed from Army Reserve to the 5th Army Corps. On October 5th orders were issued by the Fifth Army Corps for the division (less the 67th Field Artillery Brigade and the 117th Ammunition Train) to proceed to the BoIs DE MONTFAUCON. This movement was executed on October 5th, 1918, in accordance with Field Order No.31, these Headquarters. The following day, October 6th, 1918, the 67th Field Artillery Brigade moved to an area between AvOCoURT and MONTFAUCON. Upon arrival in the area this brigade was immediately attached to the 89th Division then in line. Reconnaissances were made and the brigade moved forward on October 7th and took up positions in support of the 89th Division. All other elements of the 42nd Division were held in the Bois DE MONTFAUCON, as Corps Reserve. On October 9th Field Order No.67, Fifth Army Corps, was received, directing the movement of the 42nd Division to the BoIs COMMUNAL DE CIERGES and BoIs IMONT. This movement was made on October 9th. 2. On the night of October 11th, under instructions of the Fifth Army Corps, the 42nd Division relieved the 1st Division, which was holding the line. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade was relieved from duty with the 89th Division and returned to the 42nd Division, it taking up positions in support of the 42nd Division on the night of October 11th. The 1st Field Brigade was attached to the 42nd Division and remained in its support. At the time of the 42nd Division going into line the enemy was holding strongly on the front of the Fifth Army Corps. In front of the 42nd Division he was maintaining a most stubborn resistance in the northern part of the BoIs DE ROMAGNE, on HILL 288, HILL 242, on the COTE DE CHATILLON and along the line LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES-ST.GEORGES; this being in general part of the KRIEMHILDE STELLUNG. On the 14th of October, in accordance with Field Order No.73, Fifth Army Corps, and Field Order No.36, these headquarters, the division moved forward to the attack. The 84th Brigade, on the right, met stubborn resistance almost immediately. The progress of the 83rd Brigade on the left was met by light machine gun fire until they arrived within about 500 meters of the wire south of ST.GEORGES-LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES. Here they encountered very severe machine gun fire from the front and from both flanks. Patrols penetrated the wire south of LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES and ST.GEORGES, but were driven back by machine gun fire. At 7:30 hours, October 15th, in accordance with Field Order No.75, Fifth Army Corps, and Field Order No.37, these headquarters, the division again attacked; the 83rd Brigade advancing to take the objectives as prescribed; the 84th Brigade being engaged in mopping up and exploiting the COTE DE CHATILLON and the woods near LA TUILERIE FARM. In this operation the 83rd Brigade, after advancing about 200 meters, was again held up by severe, frontal and enfilading machine gun fire. The 84th Brigade was progressing in its mission, and by nightfall had taken HiLL 288, HILL 242, and had one patrol in l0Another report on the operation in the Argonne is dated November 25, 1918. So much of it is a duplication of the report dated November 22 that it has not been considered necessary to print it. One paragraph, however, covering the events of November 10, is not included in the earlier report. It is as follows: " On November 10th in accordance with Field Order No. 95, First Army Corps, and Field Order No. 58, these headquarters the Division proceeded to the vicinity of BUZANCY, where it passed from the First Corps to the Third Corps." Report on Operations in the Argonne, by Commanding General, 42nd Division. 308 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY LA TUILERIE FARM. The front was, in general, along a line about 100 meters south of the wire in front of ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES- thence southeast to a point 100 meters south and east of MUSARDE FARM -thence east to LA TUILERIE FARM (inclusive). On October 16th, pursuant to Field Order No.76, Fifth Army Corps and Field Order No.38, these headquarters, the exploitation of the COTE DE CHATILLON continued. The division was held in readiness to move its left forward, in conformity with the movement of the First Corps, then attacking, but as the right of the First Corps did not progress the movement was not made. The mopping up of the COTE DE CHATILLON was completed, and on the night of October 16th the division front ran along a line about 100 meters south of the wire in front of ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES, and thence along the northern edge of the COTE DE CHATILLON. From October 16th until October 30th the division was employed in organizing the front for defense and in continually pushing forward strong patrols to develop the enemy organization. On October 30th, under instructions of the Fifth Army Corps and pursuant to Field Order No.46, these headquarters, support and reserve battalions were relieved by elements of the 2nd Division. The two infantry battalions holding the line and both the brigade and the divisional machine gun battalions were held in the line. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade was attached to the 2d Division for the attack. The command of the divisional sector passed to the Commanding General, 2nd Division, at noon on October 31st. On November 1st the 2nd Division attacked, relieving our front line battalions as it passed through their lines. The machine gun battalions were also relieved as soon as the advance passed beyond their range. This Division, less the 67th Field Artillery Brigade, was then assembled in the vicinity of SOMMERANCE and passed to the command of the First Corps. On November 2nd, in accordance with Field Order No.87, First Army Corps, and Field Orders Nos.48 and 49, these headquarters, the 42nd Division moved to the vicinity of ST.JUVIN, being Corps Reserve. On November 3rd, the movement of the division was continued, as covered by letter of instructions, First Army Corps, and by Field Order No.50, these headquarters, and the division was halted for the night in the vicinity of BUZANCY. On November 4th the march was continued, pursuant to letter instructions, First Army Corps, 3rd November 18, and in accordance with Field Order No.51, these headquarters, to the vicinity of AUTHE-FONTENOY. At 24.00 hours, 4th, November, 18, under Field Order No.90, First Army Corps, and Field Order No.52, these headquarters, the divisions commenced to move forward, to pass through the 78th Division and take up the pursuit. At this time the enemy was in retreat and fighting a rear-guard action. This action consisted mostly of machine gun resistance, which fell back from ridge to ridge, and of long range artillery filre. At 12:00 hours, 5th November 18, our assaulting troops passed through the 78th Division on an east and west line through the northern edge of OCHES, and took up the pursuit. At 21:00 hours, the division front line was along the northern edge of the Bois DE MONT DIEU. On November 6th and 7th, the pursuit was continued in accordance with Field Orders Nos.91 and 92, First Army Corps, and Field Orders Nos.53 and 54, these headquarters. On the night of November 6th, the line ran from CHEMERY to Hill 299 on the BULSON-CHEHERY road to just north of CHAUMONT, thence to THELONNE, thence to Point 300.18-322.12 (Map 1/20,000), thence to the last "L" in REMILLY-SUR-MEUSE. Our patrols had reached the river to the northeast of THELONNE and in the vicinity of ALLICOURT and REMILLY-SUR-MAEUSE. At this time telephonic and radio instructions were received from the First Army Corps, to advance and capture SEDAN, regardless of boundaries. An advance was attempted, but was held up by severe artillery and machine gun fire, principally from across the river. A patrol of the 165th Infantry penetrated the southern edge of WADELINCOURT, but was driven back by machine DOCUMEN TS 309 gun fire. The 83rd Brigade on the left was pinched out by the advance of the French, the 84th Brigade holding the division sector in accordance with Field Order No.55, these headquarters. The line held was the ridge overlooking the river and running from NOYERS to REMILLY-SUR-MEUSE. On November 8th the defensive organization of the above line was commenced in accordance with Field Order No.93, First Army Corps, and Field Order No.55, these headquarters. Strong patrols were pushed well forward and they determined that the enemy had withdrawn across the river and was holding the eastern bank of the MEUSE in force. On November 9th, pursuant to Field Order No.94, First Army Corps, and Field OTrders Nos.56 and 57, these headquarters, the 42nd Division was relieved by the 77th Division and assembled in the area: ARTAISE-LE-VIVIERLA BESACE-ST. PIERREMONT-TANNAY. 3. On October 12th, the enemy units engaged opposite the front of the 42nd Division from East to west were elements of the 52nd Division, the 37th Division and the 41st Division. The sector limits of the divisions were not known and, owing to the enemy methods of holding the line between the ARGONNE and the MEUSE at this date, it is not probable that all three regiments of the divisions were present in the line. On October 14th the elements of the 52nd Division were relieved by elements of the 13th Division. About the same date the elements of the 37th Division were withdrawn from the line, and their front taken over by the 41st Division. The enemy units on the front of the 42nd Division from November 6th to November 10th, 1918, from east to west were elements of the 203rd Division, the 14th Reserve Division and the elements of the 202nd Division. The 53rd Reserve Regiment of the 13th Reserve Division held the front from NoYERS to the Bois DE MARFEE. 4. (a) Depth of Advance. The advance made by the division on October 14th and 15th was 2 kilometers. That made, during the period November 6th to November 10th, 1918, was 19 kilometers. (b) 218 prisoners were taken between October 12th and November 1st and 35 were taken between November 6th and November 10th. (c) The division took 50 light machine guns on HILL 288 and the COTE DE CHATILLON. In the operation between November 6th and November 10th the enemy in his retreat removed practically all material. However, two 105 mm. caliber cannon and 4 minenwerfers were captured. (d) Casualties from October 10th to November 1st, 1918: SLIGHTLY WOUNDED, 14 Officers, 1114 men; SEVERELY WOUNDED, 22 officers, 565 men; KILLED IN ACTION, 9 officers, 356 men; GASSED, 22 officers, 677 men; MISSING, no officers, 78 men; DIED OF WOUNDS, no officers, 15 nten; WOUNDED ACCIDENTALLY, no officers, 23 men; total casualties 67 officers, 2828 men. Casualties from November 4th to November 8th, 1918: SLIGHTLY WOUNDED, 2 officers, 83 men; SEVERELY WOUNDED, no officers, 45 men; GASSED, no officers, 22 men; MISSING, no officers, 13 men; KILLED IN ACTION, 1 officer, 14 men; DIED OF WOUNDS, no officers, no men; WOUNDED ACCIDENTALLY, no officers, no men; total casualties, 3 officers, 177 men. (e) During the operation from October 14th to October 17th the machine guns were used with telling effect. Brigade machine gun battalions were grouped under command of the battalion commander and were employed in both direct and indirect fire. In the progression through the BOIS DE ROMAGNE and COTE DE CHATILLON, they supplied the barrage and provided the principal fire attack, as it was extremely difficult for the artillery to efficiently cooperate in the dense woods. 37 mm. guns proved extremely efficacious on several occasions in the cleaning out of machine gun nests. On November 1st, the 2nd Division advanced to the attack. Their jump off and progression up to about 2500 yards was supported by the fire of three machine gun battalions of the 42nd Division, firing direct overhead and indirect fire. This fire was extremely severe and proved of good value in keeping down the German machine gun nests. Prisoners taken stated that this fire was the most severe of its kind that they had experienced in the war. 6-inch Newton 310 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Stokes mortars were also used at this time for fire on the wire in front of ST.GEORGES and LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES. About 700 bombs were thrown from five mortars in two hours time, and reports from the 2nd Division indicate that the wire was completely wiped out, and that it would have been impossible for any of the enemy to have remained in ST.GEORGES during this bombardment. During the advance north of OCHES, 4 machine guns were attached to each assaulting battalion and by their fire were very efficacious in keeping down enemy machine gun nests, this especially so as it was impossible for the artillery to keep up with the rapidly advancing infantry. After arrival on the heights overlooking the MEUSE, the machine gun battalions were placed in position and rendered good service in harassing the rear guards of the enemy. Rifle grenades were not used, no necessity arising for their employment. (f) During the attack in front of LANDRES-ET-ST.GEORGES on October 14th, an attempt was made to use some small French tanks, but due to the great difficulty in getting them forward and the short time available, only a few were able to advance to the attack and they were soon withdrawn, due to mechanical breakdown. These tanks were later used in the attack of the 2nd Division and it is understood they rendered valuable service. (g) Artillery support, as rendered in the attack before LANDRES-ETST.GEORGES was excellent and almost completely cleared the way for the advancing infantry. During the attack from OCHES northward, it was extremely difficult for the artillery to advance, this due to the condition and congestion of the roads. The artillery activity in this operation consisted more of harassing and counter-battery missions than work in direct support of the infantry. (h) The terrain in both operations was extremely difficult, consisting of saw-tooth ridges, deep valleys and woods. It was almost ideal for rear-guard action. Due to rain the roads were in a frightful condition and the enemy in his retreat had demolished practically all bridges and blown up long stretches of road. (i) Conclusions. There are no special conclusions to draw from these operations. In an advance after a retreating enemy that is doing everything possible to delay pursuit, the most important matter to take into consideration is the repair and traffic control of the road. Every available man should be put at work repairing and putting into condition roads leading to the front. The traffic control on these roads should be extremely strict and the penalty for a breach of the same should be so severe as to prevent its repetition. (Signed) C. A. F. FLAGLER, Major General, U.S.A. BULLETIN OF INFORMATION #21 November 13, 1918. 42d Division, A.E.F. Second Section, G.S. The 42d Division has now been in France more than a year. From the time it assembled from the ports of debarkation the Division has remained continuously in the Zone of the Armies, its first training area being within the sound of the guns of St. Mihiel. In February, 1918 the Division first went into line and has been in contact with the enemy almost continuously since that time until the Armistice signed by the Germans on November 11, 1918. Out of the 224 days of the Great War which have elapsed since it first entered the line the Division has been engaged with the enemy 180 days and the balance of the time has been spent in moving from front to front or in reserve close behind the front. The Division has marched by road, traveled by camion and moved by train; it has held a wide sector front in Lorraine; it has been in battle in Champagne, in the Woevre, at St. Mihiel and in the Argonne. It was the only American Division to assist in the disastrous defeat of the Great German Offen DOCUMENTS 311 sive of July 15 on the battlefield in Champagne. From that time on it has taken part in every large American operation. In November, when German Power was finally broken, the Division as it lay before Sedan had reached the northernmost point attained by the First American Army in its magnificent advance. The American High Command has long rated and employed the 42d Division as a first class shock division. The French commanders under whom the Division has served have cited it in orders and now a captured German document shows the regard in which the Division has been held by the enemy. The Weekly Summary of Information for October 9, 1918 of the German Group of Armies which held the front from the Argonne to the Meuse, enumerates the American units on its front and makes the following statement: "The engagement of the 42d Division is to be expected soon. It is in splendid fighting condition and is counted among the best American Divisions.' In the course of its service the Division has taken prisoners from 26 enemy divisions, including three Imperial Guard Divisions and 22 separate units, as follows: 1st Guard 41st 216th 3rd Guard 52nd 227tt 4th Guard 96th 233r 192nd 10th 195th 14th 13th 201st 77th 28th 202nd 6th 1 40th 203rd FOOT ARTILLERY REGIMENTS 3rd 30th 42nd 51st 65th 51st Landwehr 67th and 97th Labor Battalions 53rd Field Artillery 216th Agricultural Battalion 20th Flight, Hq. XIII Army Corps 18th Electric Battalion 16th Sharp Shooter Machine Gun Battalion 1 Reserve Reserve Bavarian Reserve 5th Landwehr 8th Landwehr 10th Landwehr 21st Landwehr 35th Austro-Hungarian XV Ersatz Foot Artillery Battalion 70th Sound Ranging Troops 14th Sturm Battalion 4th Minenwerfer Battalion 78th Field Artillery 22nd Railway Section XIII Ludwigsburg Regiment 3rd Telegraph Battalion and 657th Intelligence Section The following is a summary of the CONDITIONS OF ARMISTICE with Germany. 1. Armistice to be effective six hours after signature. 2. The immediate evacuation of Belgium and Alsace Lorraine within 14 days. The troops that remain after this period will be interned. 3. 5,000 cannon of large caliber, 10,000 machine guns, 2,000 minenwerfer, 2,000 aeroplanes will be turned over to the allies. 4. The evacuation of the left bank of the Rhine. 5. Coblentz, Cologne and Mainz occupied to a radius of 30 km. The constitution of a neutral zone on the right bank of the Rhine, depth of 30 km. 6. No material shall be removed from the left bank of the Rhine. All factories, railroads, locomotives, etc. to remain intact. 7. 5,000 locomotives, 150,000 cars and 10,000 motor trucks to be handed over to the Allies. 8. Germany to maintain the Army of Occupation. 9. In the Orient all troops will be withdrawn behind the line of Aug. 1, 1914. No time limit stated. 10. Renunciation of the Brest Litovsk and Bucharest treaties. 11. Unconditional capitulation in East Africa. 12. Restitution of sums of money taken from the French, Belgians, and of gold taken from Roumania and Russia. 13. Return of all prisoners of war without reciprocity. 312 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 14. Hand over 100 submarines, 8 light cruisers, 6 dreadnoughts. All of the hostile ships to be dismantled and guarded by the Allies in neutral or Allied ports. 15. Free passage across Categat. All mines will be removed. Occupation of all posts and batteries which could hinder free passage. 16. The blockade to be continued. German ships can still be seized. 17. All limitations on navigation concerning neutrals by Germany are annulled. 18. The armistice will last 30 days. BRITISH PRESS, NOV. 12, 1918. When the last shot was fired yesterday the Allies and Americans held a front of 300 miles. The last decisive scenes of the struggle just over were the historic battle grounds in France and Flanders. In their final marches British troops captured Malplaquet. The Canadians in the last hours of fighting carried us back to Mons and the earliest memories of the war while the French and Americans had reached Sedan. Germany appears in the throes of revolution. Berlin is wholly in control of a Workmen's and Soldier's Council and Saxony, Hesse, Baden and Oldenburg are now added to the states where democratic government has been set up. President Wilson yesterday addressed the following message to the people of America: " The armistice was signed this morning. Everything for which America fought has been accomplished. It will now be our fortunate duty to assist by examples, by sober friendly counsel and by material aid in the establishment of a just democracy throughout the world." By command of Brigadier General MacArthur: WILLIAM N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. OCCUPATION OF THE RHINE HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 11 November, 1918. MEMORANDUM: The following telegram received is published for information, guidance, and compliance of all concerned: "An armistice with Germany has been signed. All communication with the enemy is forbidden pending definite and detailed instructions to the contrary. The fact must be emphasized in no uncertain manner that the present state of affairs is an armistice and NOT A PEACE, and that there must be no relaxation of vigilance on the part of your command. Advantage will be taken of the occasion to rehabilitate equipment, push training and prepare troops for further operations at any instant demanded by the situation. All unit commanders will take special steps to insure a high state of discipline, and to this end Division, Brigade, Regimental, Battalion and smaller unit commanders will personally inspect organizations daily with a view to reporting their units equipped, trained, and ready for service." By command of Major General Rhodes: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, U.S.A., Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 67TH F.A.BRIGADE, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, FRANCE. MEMORANDUM: November 15, 1918. 1. Pursuant to Field Orders No.61, Hq. 42nd Division, November 15, 1918, the 67th F.A.Brigade, less the Motor Battalion, 117th Ammunition Train, will commence, on November 16, 1918, the move towards the RHINE. 2. ORDER OF MARCH 151st F.A., 13:00 hours 149th F.A., 14:00 150th F.A., 15:00 Horsed Sec., 117th Am.Tr., 16:15 117th Trench Mortar Btry., 16:45 Head of column not to enter LANDRES-ET-ST. GEORGES before the hour specified in above table. 3. ROUTE: LANDRES-ET-ST. GEORGES-LA DHUY FME.-BANTHEVILLE-thence to destination. 4. During the night of November 16-17th, the elements of the Brigade will be bivouacked in the Bois DE BABIENMONT and in the vicinity north of AINCREVILLE. An officer and three mounted men from each regiment will be sent ahead to reconnoiter and guide organizations to bivouacs. 5. The Motor Battalion, 117th Ammunition Train, will proceed to the vicinity north of AINCREVILLE, and go into bivouac as near the main road as practicable. Hour of departure - 12:00 hours. Route - BAYONVILLE-RAMONVILLE-BANTHEVILLE-AINCREVILLE. 313 314 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 6. Pursuant to telephonic instructions, 1st Army, November 15, 1918, the number of caissons to be carried by each regiment is reduced to six per battery. 7. Rations will be drawn from the divisional dump at AINCREVILLE after 13:00 hours, November 16, 1918. 8. P.C., Headquarters 67th F.A.Brigade-AINCREVILLE. By command of Brigadier General Gatley, CHAS. F. BAIRD, Major, F.A., U.S.A., Adjutant. o HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 23 November 1918. MEMORANDUM No.320. The 42nd Division, as a division of the 3rd Corps, 3rd American Army, is engaged in its advance through BELGIUM and the GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG, into GERMANY. The transition of the division from a sustained period of operations to its march as one of the six American divisions of the American force of Occupation in hostile territory has occasioned definite alterations and modifications of the manner of life of all ranks of the division, and has placed upon each individual and each command the obligation of carrying — in bearing, appearance and courtesy-the dignity and honor which has been given the division, and of being prepared and secure-whether on the march or at stations- against surprise and alert in an emergency to throw the full weight of the division rapidly into the performance of any mission that may be assigned it. The Division has earned a high reputation as a fighting unit, and while the campaigns that have brought it this reputation have developed and intensified the combat qualities of the individual soldier, the necessary laxity of campaign life has bred a disregard of other qualities that make for the ideal soldier, viz., perfection of carriage, clothing, equipment and individual discipline and military courtesy. The Division cannot afford to incur criticism for failure to measure up to a proper criterion in these respects. The conditions of march do not lend themselves to the attainment of this improvement, but there will be occasional halts of several days on the march to the RHINE, and it is enjoined on all officers and non-commissioned officers to use every effort to restore the thoroughly soldierly bearing and conduct that characterized the Division in the early months of its training. Throughout the movement forward, the following general considerations will control: THE MARCH. (a) IN GENERAL. The movement forward will be conducted as a march in the presence of the enemy. It will consist of a number of stages, each stage comprising a certain number of marching days and resting days-to be indicated by higher authority. It will proceed to the country in which the enemy has recently been and later through the enemy's own country; in both cases through localities where the attitude of the civilian population has, as yet, not had time to define itself. It will therefore be the duty of organization commanders on the one hand to provide for their own security at all times; to prevent any fraternization, intermingling and familiarity of their commands with the civilian population; to take note of and' report the presence of all property of the enemy army discovered, leaving a guard as hereinafter provided (under heading of SALVAGE); to take into custody and forward to Division Headquarters as prisoners of war all German troops who may fall into their hands; DOCUMENTS 315 to insure the security of civilian property in the towns passed through or occupied by their commands, and in that connection, at all times to prevent trespassing and the taking of property of any type (whether as souvenirs or gifts) belonging to the enemy military establishment or to the civilian population, along the line of march; to prevent all altercation and disputes of any character; and lastly to insure towards the population, whatever its nationality, of the localities passed through a fairness and courtesy that, as Americans and members of a victorious army, we are proud to accord them. In any case where either agitation or hostility of attitude may present itself, the attitude of all officers will be characterized by its firmness, moderation and absence of any harshness. Efforts will be directed towards ascertaining the exact facts and in restraining antagonistic feelings from being spread or carrying other consequences to either person or property. (b) ROAD DISCIPLINE. Throughout the movement, organization com'manders will preserve strict road discipline. An officer, whose duty it will be to keep the column well closed up and to prevent all straggling, will march at the rear of each column of foot troops. Vehicles must have the right of way and should always be used in complete trains or in complete sections. An officer will ride with the leading vehicle and an officer or a selected noncommissioned officer at the head of each section. A minimum distance of 50 meters will be observed by the sections, and halts will be made with vehicles off the road or if the halt is temporary, well drawn off to the right edge. Whenever vehicles halt they must preserve a distance of at least two vehicle lengths from the vehicles ahead. This distance is very necessary to avoid congestion and to allow room to adjust traffic difficulties. Whenever a motor vehicle is halted, if the halt exceeds one minute the motor will be cut off. Officers will march with the troops, one officer being in rear of each unit or sub-unit to insure order in ranks, and that there shall be no straggling or falling out except in exceptional and authorized cases. When troops halt they must clear the road-no resting will be permitted on the road or on the left side of the road. Regimental and battalion commanders will march with their command and will not be permitted to precede them to destination. (G.O. 47, 3rd Army Corps, November 17, 1918). Men marching with vehicles of any kind will not be permitted to hold or rest on any part of the vehicle when in motion. (c) EQUIPMENT. 1. Troops will carry the articles of equipment prescribed in the equipment manuals for mobile equipment -two blankets per man, overcoats, gas masks and helmets will be carried. (Administrative Memorandum No.10, 3rd Army Corps, November 13, 1918). 2. The leather jerkin, when issued, constitutes (in the same way as issue sweater) an undergarment to be worn beneath the overcoat or beneath any other garment which under existing regulations as to uniform may be worn as a top garment. 3. Organization and unit commanders will see that only issue clothing and headgear are worn, that surplus clothing is eliminated and that fatigue uniforms are not worn upon the march. (d) AMMUNITION AND PYROTECHNICS. The full amount of ammunition in Field Service Regulations and equipment manuals will be carried except that rifle grenades and hand grenades will be omitted - Pyrotechnics for "Very" pistols and V.B. will be taken in amounts to enable units to carry out the present plan of liaison. The amounts to be carried in the divisional ammunition trains will be that prescribed in the Equipment Manual. (Administrative Memorandum No.10, November 13, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (e) TRAINS. As fast as the transportation is made available all organizations will provide themselves with rations on the basis prescribed in Paragraph 302, Field Service Regulations. Other trains will carry the full amount of equipment prescribed in Equipment Manuals. 316 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY As fast as the transportation is made available, each regimental and divisional supply train will be divided into two sections, each section carrying one day's rations and forage —the creation of dumps enroute will not be permitted. (Administrative Memorandum No.10, November 13, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (f) ANIMALS. It is hereby made the specific duty of all officers and soldiers to see that the greatest care is taken of the animals belonging to this command on the march. All animals will be fed three times daily, unless the conditions of the march prohibit the third meal and all animals wild be groomed twice daily. The grooming in the morning to be such as to remove the dirt accumulated by lying down during the night. In the evening all animals will be thoroughly groomed, to include the legs, pasterns and heels. The dirt will be removed from the soles of the feet. In mounted organizations one officer for each 100 animals or fraction thereof will be present during the grooming. In dismounted organizations having animals under their charge the grooming (at every picket-line) will be supervised by an officer. In all camps a picketline guard will be maintained. This guard will be of sufficient strength to see that no forage is wasted. Watering will always be under the supervision of at least one officer, but as many officers as are necessary will be detailed for this duty to prevent confusion, etc., during the watering. This duty will be carried on in a systematic manner and will receive the direct attention of all commanding officers. All officers and soldiers mounted will be required to dismount at all halts and allow the animals to rest. Packs carried on animals will be of sufficient length to permit their breaking in the center and the center pack-strap on all saddle-packs will be tightly buckled in order to prevent the pack resting on the backbone of the animal. Harness and horse equipment will be kept free from dirt and mud by daily washing. Oil and saddle soap will be used as often as needed —at least once every ten days. Harness will be carefully adjusted under the supervision of a competent officer. (G.O. No.45, November 15, 1918, 3rd Army Corps, Par.2.) Wagons will not be overloaded. Only authorized equipment will be loaded on animal drawn vehicles. Only the driver will be allowed to ride on loaded vehicles except when a brakeman is necessary. Men will be required to give animals needed assistance on hills and in rough places. (G.0.47, Nov. 17, 1918, 3rd Army Corps.) (,g) TRANSPORTATION, MATERIEL AND EQUIPMENT. Wagons, carts, caissons and gun carriages will be cleaned daily. Rolling kitchens will be kept free from grease and mud and will be cleaned daily. Clothing and equipment will be kept as clean as the circumstances of the march permit. Shoes will be kept oiled and extra shoes oiled' and free from dirt. (G.0.45, November 15, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (h) HALTS, BILLETS. 1. Billeting Officers. Each organization down to include companies will at once designate an officer who will act as billeting officer for the organization. This officer will be responsible for the proper arrangements with the town major or senior billeting officer for the proper billeting of his organization. He is charged with making out the necessary forms for settling the billeting accounts and for any claims made against the organization. In each town occupied in which there is no permanent town major, the senior billeting officer (that is, the officer representing the commanding officer of the town or cantonment) will perform the duties of town major. He will take command of all of the billets in the town in the name of the commanding officer and will. make the division of billets for all organizations billeting in the town. He will be responsible that this division is equitably made. The office of the German town major should be visited at once and every use made of any records or information obtainable. (Administrative Memorandum No.ll, 3rd Army Corps, November 15, 1918, Par.4.) 2. Sanitation. Special attention will be paid to camp and billet sanitation. Surroundings must be clean. Sanitary latrines will be dug and used DOCUMENTS 317 and the pollution of grounds and buildings must cease. Water inspections and marking will be carefully kept up and the men restrained from using impure or untreated water. The cleanliness of kitchens, mess utensils and the supervision of messing accommodations, shall receive the specific and careful attention of organization and unit commanders. (i) CUSTODY OF PRISONERS. It is expected that some prisoners will fall into our hands and it is certain that Allied prisoners will be liberated and passed to our line as we progress. In both cases the prisoners will be sorted according to nationality, properly taken care of and held together with a view to orderly disposition in accordance with instructions already received or which may be received in the future. In no case will they be turned loose or allowed to proceed by themselves. (G.O.47, Nov.18, 3rd Army Corps, Palr.[?]). (j) REPATRIATION. Repatriated prisoners of war, Americans sent back through our own lines or received from adjacent French armies will be sent to Regional Replacement Depot REVIGNY direct. Repatriated prisoners of war of our allies will be sent to VERDUN. Repatriated civilians will be sent to TRIAUCOURT. Under instructions from GHQ we are not to accept repatriated prisoners, military or civilian, belonging to countries which have no troops on this front. (Telegram, Hq. 3rd Army Corps, 15 November 1918). (k) FRATERNIZING. It is important that the American forces refrain from contact with the inhabitants of the country through which they pass except in so far as the requirements of duty necessitate. This matter will be insured by constant attention on the part of officers, especially company officers who are in closest contact with the men. (G.O.47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (1) GUARD DUTY. Guard duty, both exterior and interior will not be allowed to relax. Careful and constant inspections to insure proper performance and full understanding of orders will be inaugurated and kept up. (G.O. 47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (m) ROLL CALLS. Units will be checked by the usual roll calls. At these formations individuals will fall in with equipment and clothing to be inspected. At least once a day they will be critically inspected. Officers will be present at these calls and individuals excused from formations will be held to a minimum. (G.O.47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (n) LIAISON. The situation demands not only that information pass easily and rapidly from front to rear and vice versa but also that steps be taken to insure the same state of affairs laterally between all units, beginning with the company and ending with the Corps. In this connection attention is directed to the value of wireless. Units equipped with wireless will maintain it in working order and use it not only when other means fail but habitually. (G.O. 47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps, Par.12). (o) SALVAGE. Material to be salvaged will constantly fall into our hands. not only material left by our own forces but also that left by the Germans. All concerned will make every effort to see that this property is not disturbed except where necessary with a view to sending it to the rear. Valuable salvage or salvage which might be diverted or destroyed will be placed under guard and the guard maintained until relieved by details from higher headquarters. (G.O. 47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (p) WASTE. No equipment will be abandoned. Organization and unit commanders will by their personal supervision and inspections insure that no equipment is lost, burned up nor thrown away and that the habits of waste developed during the recent operations are counteracted. All surplus property will be salvaged and disposed of. (G.O.47, Nov.18, 1918, 3rd Army Corps, Par. 3, and G.O.45, Nov.15, 1918, 3rd Army Corps). (q) PERSONAL APPEARANCE. All unit commanders will exert every influence to insure the neat personal appearance of all ranks at all times. Especial attention will be paid to the wearing of uniform articles of clothingthe winter cap to be worn by all enlisted men and the overseas cap by all offi 318 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY cers. Every man will be required to be clean shaven at all times, except that moustaches may be worn if desired. By command of Major General Flagler: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, G.S., U.S.A., Chief of Staff. 0 HEADQUARTERS 42D DIVISION1 Nov. 23 to Nov. 24, 1918. 42d Division, A.E.F. Second Section, G.S. No.166 PART I 1. GENERAL IMPRESSION OF THE DAY. The inhabitants of Luxembourg have displayed a conspicuously friendly feeling toward our troops and manifest an attitude which is not only pro-Ally but vigorously republican. 2, 3. ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE, ENEMY MOVEMENT. Information under these headings is now being compiled and verified. 4. ENEMY MORALE. As the enemy retreated through the region now occupied by this division his morale had sensibly improved and the retreat was disciplined and orderly. A few instances of pilfering occurred and the officers seemed low in spirits and less alert than formerly but the men were in excellent spirits at the termination of the fighting and the opportunity of going home. Desertions seem to have been most infrequent. 5. STATE OF THE HORSES, MATERIAL, ETC. (a) The information as to horses and material of the enemy in his retreat is rather general but seems to indicate a poor condition of the animals though material was serviceable. (b) No enemy property has been reported in this area. 6. CONDUCT OF THE ENEMY. The march discipline of the enemy is reported to have been fairly good as the men realized that rations were assured only when they maintained their organizations. The testimony of inhabitants shows that while they were opposed to the Germans, the obvious hunger of the soldiers who had not maltreated them inclined them to sell even at German prices some of their food supplies and not to be greatly disturbed at the theft of a few chickens, cattle, etc. 7. OBSERVATION OF THE ARMISTICE. No incidents have been reported which are contrary to the terms of the armistice. 8. POPULATION OF THE NEWLY OCCUPIED TERRITORY. (a) In the early stages of the enemy occupation great strictness was observed in enforcing the numerous German rules but this gradually diminished and during the greater part of four years the inhabitants were but little interfered with. (b) The attitude of the population is anti-German but not aggressively so. Their feeling is rather one of political opposition than personal resentment. (c) The country is clean and prosperous in marked contrast to French regions which have been in German hands. 9. RELEASED PRISONERS OF WAR. No released prisoners of war have entered our lines during the 24 hours. 10. MISCELLANEOUS. An unforeseen political development of the German occupation of Luxembourg is the growth of a strong republican spirit among the inhabitants. Posters printed in French and in German have appeared on the walls. Leaflets are being distributed among the people in which the abdication of the Grand Duchess is demanded. The following is a translation of the leaflet: iFiles of official documents covering the period of the occupation contain large numbers of these Summaries of Intelligence. This one has been chosen simply as a typical example. DOCUMENTS 319 "FRENCH LEAGUE FELLOW CITIZENS I The Deputies of the Party of the Right and the People's Party are playing into the hands of Germany. If the referendum to the people gives a majority in favor of the Grand Ducal Party we will be delivered, bound hand and foot, to Prussia, whom we had spewed out of our mouths. The Allies will refuse to treat with the Government of the Grand Duchess just as they refused to treat with the Government of the Emperor. It is to the country's interest that the Grand Duchess should disappear. While hundreds of Luxembourgers were fighting and falling in the ranks of the French Army for the liberty. of our country, the Grand Duchess was compromising herself by going to admire the ruins of Longwy; by receiving the Emperor and the Chancellor of the German Empire and by betrothing her sisters to leaders of the barbarian army. The Grand Duchess is still today surrounded by Boches. She must vanish with those who enjoy her full sympathies, whose language she speaks to the exclusion of all others. All Europe is being republicanized. Up to the present three Emperors, four Kings, twenty Dukes and Sovereign Princes have bit the dust. All the others will follow. A clean sweep must be made the day the armies of the two great republics, France and the United States, enter our walls. PEOPLE OF LUXEMBOURG. You are being deceived. It is not the Pope or any other sovereign, however sympathetic he may be; it is the American Republic that can bring back the golden age of peace and put an end to famine. The Pope and all sovereigns are themselves at the mercy of America. PEOPLE OF LUXEMBOURG. You will not refuse the republican liberties which Marshal Foch, the military leader of the Allies, is bringing to you. LONG LIVE THE REPUBLIC!" PART II INTERROGATION OF TWO CIVILIANS RESIDING AT MERSCH, LUXEMBOURG. The German Occupation: The civilians state that during the first two or three weeks of the German occupation, their regime was quite severe. The civilians were required to have a pass even for going to the shops and were not allowed out after dark. After this, the restrictions were removed and the population of the country left mainly to their own devices. The frontiers, however, were strictly closed and passes into Germany or Belgium were issued seldom and only in case of urgent necessity. There are said to have been 10,000 German troops in the Grand Duchy; the only complaint of their occupation is that they raised prices by paying more than the inhabitants could afford for butter, eggs, etc. For example, butter sold for 12 francs a pound; coffee, 60 francs a pound and cocoa 100 francs a pound. The inhabitants were supposed to have 250 grams of meat per person per week, but this was often not forthcoming. During the early period of the occupation the Germans posted on trains and in conspicuous places throughout the country large inscriptions bearing the words: " William, the Second Emperor of Europe." While the conduct of affairs was left in the hands of the Luxembourg authorities, the Germans retained the right to punish any word or action against their cause and statements made by Luxembourgers against the Germans were frequently punished by deportation and imprisonment in Germany. Pro-Ally Sentiment in Luxembourg: The civilians state that all through the war the sympathies of the people have been on the side of the Allies. It is said that while the standing army of the Grand Duchy is composed of only 300 men and was incapable of resisting German invasion, no less than 3000 Luxembourgers fought as members of various Allied units, mainly with the French. They hail the Allies as their saviors and liberators. 320 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY PART III The troops of the Third American Army now occupy what is substantially the German Border. The line of the Third Corps is REISDORF-BEAUFORTBERDORF-MOMPACH-MUNSCHECKER. The Fourth Corps hold the line of the Moselle and the 11th French Corps is approaching the line of the Our. By command of Major General Flagler: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 18 December 1918. GENERAL ORDERS No. 77. I. The 42nd Division has been assigned, for station, and for the control and management of civil affairs, a portion of the territory of Germany known as the KREIS or District of AHRWEILER, which is bounded as follows: The RHINE River from ROLANDSECK (inclusive) to BROHL (inclusive) to BURGBROHL (inclusive) to KEMBENICH (inclusive) to LEDERBACH (inclusive) to KESSELING (inclusive) to BRUCK (inclusive) to OBLIERS (inclusive) to PLITTERSDORF (inclusive) to KIRCHAHR (inclusive) to FREISHEIM (inclusive) to BERG (inclusive) to GELSDORF (inclusive) to ECKENDORF (inclusive) to RINGER (inclusive) to NIEDERICH (inclusive) to ODINGEN (inclusive) to ROLANDSECK (inclusive). II. The Division Commander is responsible for the administration of civil affairs in the District of AHRWEILER. As the District of AHRWEILER is undisturbed so far as known, by the war, the administration of the towns therein, in maintenance of utilities, local police, finances and jurisdiction of courts under local laws and ordinances will remain undisturbed and local officials will be continued in office and in discharge of their duties. III. Under the provisions of General Order No. 225, G.H.Q., A.E.F., 1918, Colonel L. J. Fleming, Cav., is detailed on the Staff of the 42d Division as the Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs in the territory of Germany occupied by the Division. IV. M'ajor Bradford Butler, J.A.D., is detailed as Assistant to the Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs. V. Brigade Commanders will be in charge of the civil affairs of the towns occupied by any elements of their respective commands. Commanding Officers of independent divisional units will be in charge of the civil affairs of the towns occupied solely by their respective commands. VI. The civil affairs of the town of AHRWEILER and the towns in the district assigned to the 42d Division not garrisoned by troops are placed under the direct control of the Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs at these Headquarters. VII. Major James J. Crossley, J.A.D., is detailed as Superior Provost Court in the territory of Germany occupied by the 42d Division. VIII. The Commanding Officer of each garrison of a city or town occupied by troops of the 42d Division will on receipt of this order, announce in orders the detail of an officer, preferably the Summary Court Officer, as an Inferior Provost Court. A copy of this order in each case will be furnished these Headquarters. IX. Later orders will be issued convening a Military Commission for the trial of offences beyond the jurisdiction of Provost Courts. The cases to be tried by the courts above constituted are those of offences committed by inhabitants against the personnel of this command, or against the property or THE AMERICAN WATCH ON THE RHINE [Rainbow Division sentries on the water front at Niederbreisig, Germany.] DOCUMENTS authority of the United States. No member of the American or Allied Forces will be tried by the Military Commission or by any Provost Court. X. General Orders No.225, G.H.Q., A.E.F., 1918, will be carefully studied by all officers of this command. By command of Major General Flagler: WILLIAM N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, U.S.A., Chief of Staff. o HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, GERMANY GENERAL ORDERS 1 January, 1919. No.1 I. Paragraph VI, G.O. 77, December 18th, 1918, prescribing the arrangement for Civil Control in the Kreis of Ahrweiler is modified in so far as it directs that towns not garrisoned by troops will be under the direct control of the Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs at these Headquarters. II. Inasmuch as only 21 towns out of a total of 122 are garrisoned by troops, it will be necessary to attach certain unoccupied towns to the garrisoned towns for the purpose of supervising the civil administration. Following is a tabulation showing the names of all garrisoned towns in the district; the units occupying them, and the names of ungarrisoned towns to be supervised, under direction of the Commanding Officer of the garrisoned town: GARRISONED TOWN Ahrweiler Kalmuthof Remagen Rolandseck Unkelbach Birresdorf Oberwinter Bodenorf Sinzig Lohndorf Westum Nied. Breisig UNIT 42nd Div. Hdqrs. 117th T. H. & M. P. 117th Supply Train 83rd Brigade Hdqrs. 165th Inf. Hdqrs. 1st Bn., 2nd Bn., 3rd Bn. 166th Inf. Hdqrs. 166th Inf., 1st Bn. 166th Inf., 2nd Bn. 166th Inf., 3rd Bn. 150th M. G. Battalion 84th Inf. Brig. Hdqrs. 167th Inf. Hdqrs. 167th Inf., 3rd Bn. 167th Inf., 1st Bn. 167th Inf., 2nd Bn. 168th Infantry, Hdqrs..".. 1st Bn. TOWNS TO BE SUPERVISED Kloster Kalvarienberg Kirchdaun 1. Odingen. 2. Unkelbrucke. 1. Obernierendorf. 2. Bentgerhof. 3. Niederich. 4. Overich. 5. Beller. 6. Leimersdorf. 1. Birgel. 2. Bandorf. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Keisdorf. Schloss Ahrental. H arbachmuhle. Schloss Vehn. Beulerhof. Monchheide. Franken. Waldorf. Gonnersdorf. Rheineck. Brohl. 322 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY GARRISONED TOWN Burgbrohl N eiderzissen Kripp Walporzheim Rech Dernau Neuenahr Heppingen Altenahr Heimersheim UNIT 168th Inf., 2nd Bn. 168th Jnf., 3rd Bn. 151st M. G. Bn. 67th F. A. Brigade 149th F. A. Hdqrs. 149th F. A., 1 st Bn. 149th F. A., 2nd Bn. 150th F. A. Hdqrs. 1st Bn. 2nd Bn. 3rd Bn. 117th San. Train 151st F. A. Hdqrs. 117th Ammunition Train Motor Battalion Horsed Battalion 151st F. A., 1st Bn. 2nd Bn. 149th M. G. Bn. TOWNS TO BE SUPERVISED 1. Frauenbergerhof 2. Ober & Neiderweiler (x) 3. Ober & Neiderlutzingen (x) 1. Ober Zissen. 2. Neider Durenbach. 3. Hamn. 4. Stockhof. 5. Kempenich (x 6. Engeln. (x 7. B~renk 8. Galenberg (x 9. Heulingshof (x 10. Wolischeid (x 1. Steinbergmuhle. 2. Mariental. 3. Alteck. 1. Sachsenburg. 2. Bengen. 3. Karweiler. 4. Ringen. 5. Bolingen. 6. Lantershof en. 7. Hemmessen. 8. Beul. 9. Johannsherg. 1. Kohierhof. 2. Landskronerhof. 3. Gimmigen. 4. Lo-hrsdorf. 1. Kalenbernerhohe. 2. Burtscheid. 3. Wasserath. 4. Kalenborn. 5. Vischel. 6. Berg. 7. Freisheim. 8. Vellen. 9. Unt & Ober Kralingen. 10. Haselingen. 11. Kirchsahr. 12. Binzenbach. 13. Winnen. 14. Burgsahr. 15. Hurnig. 16. Plittersdorf (x) 17. Lind (x 18. Obliers (x) 1. Green. 2. Ehlin~gen. 1. Ekendorf. 2. Vettelhoven. Gelsdorf DOCUAMENTS 323 GARRISONED TOWN UNIT Mayschoss 117th Eng. Regt. Hdqrs. 1st Bn., 2nd Bn. Bachem 117th Fd. Sig. Bn. Konigsfeld (No garrison) Ramersbach (No garrison) (x) Outside of Kreis Ahrweiler. TOWNS TO BE SUPERVISED 3. Nieder Holzweiler. Ober Holzweiler. 4. Ober & Niederesch. 5. Monchesch. 6. Schonberg. 1. Reimershoven. 2. Laach. 1. Leyerhof. 2. Zu Rodder. 3. Rodder. 4. Buschofe. 5. Ober Durenbach. 6. Schirmerhof. 7. Schalkenbach. 8. Dedenbach. 1. Fronrath. 2. Watzel. 3. Nieder Heckenbach 4. Beilstein. 5. Kassel. 6. Blasweiler. 7. Blasweilermuhle. 8. Shelborn. 9. Hannebach. 10. Spessart. 11. Kesseling. 12. Staffel. III. On Saturday of each week the commander of each garrisoned town will forward to the Officer in Charge of Civil Affairs, HeadquaTters, 42nd Division, a report covering the administration of Civil Affairs under his charge for the preceding.-eek, terminating at midnight on Friday. This report will be a complete resume of any events of interest with reference to requisitions, the maintenance of order, arrests made, food conditions, and any other matter of interest that need come to the attention of higher authority. The report will be made whether there is anything special to report or not. IV. All reports on civil matters, including reports of Provost Courts, will be forwarded through military channels. The established Provost CouTts will have jurisdiction over ungarrisoned towns. V. The Commanding Officer of each town will cause the ungarrisoned towns under his supervision to be inspected at least once a week by a suitable officer of his command and as much more often as he may consider necessary. Where inspecting officers do not speak German, they should be accompanied by interpreters selected from those available among the troops, in order that matters needing investigation may be inquired into and properly reported upon. VI. The report prescribed in Paragraph III above will cover the following topics: A. General conditions in community. 1. Food conditions. 2. Fuel conditions. 324 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 3. Local political activities. 4. Pressing needs of community. B. Relations with American troops. 1. General state of feeling toward troops. 2. Specific causes of friction between troops and population. 3. Offenses by population against military forces with particular statement of (a) Arrests made. (b) Disciplinary action taken other than arrest. C. Requisitions. 1. Promptness and completeness of compliance. D. Miscellaneous. Reports will be prepared for each town covering the foregoing subjects. If there is nothing to report under a given head, that fact will be stated. This report will be made on the form to be furnished by these Headquarters. By command of Major General Flagler: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS, 42D DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, GERMANY, 22 MARCH, 1919. GENERAL ORDERS No.19 The 42d Division is leaving the Army of Occupation of the Rhine for its journey to the United States. Upon our arrival there will be a short period before the muster-out in some rest camp for ceremonies and honors and the completion of necessary records. During this period the Division Commander relies on each officer and enlisted man to make every effort to preserve the rigid military discipline and the finished soldierly carriage and appearance that have been our aims in the long and tedious service on the Rhine. It is reported that previously arriving divisions of short war service have incurred odium and contumely through a relapse from discipline and military comportment. This has been particularly evidenced by the large number of both officers and enlisted men who have gone absent without leave shortly after arrival. The temptation will be great to seek liberty to see friends and relations and to obtain relaxation from the arduous conditions we have experienced in Europe. Remember that the fair name of the Division is at stake, that men who offend in this way are sullying a glorious service record that should be the pride of themselves and their children's children. The members of the Rainbow Division are staunch soldiers, tried out in the school of war. They must not forget themselves in the excitement of home coming and commit the faults of irresponsible school boys, with the idea that such faults will be regarded as mere thoughtless escapades. Every effort will be made to arrange for all possible liberty in passes and leaves that transportation and military requirements will permit, and arrangement will be made for immediate discharge of those who have dependents in urgent need of their presence at home. The Division Commander is loath to couple with this reminder any threats or warnings, but in a body of 22,000 men there are necessarily a few undesirables who can be reached in no other way. To them is given the warning that officers or enlisted men going absent without leave will be confined on return or apprehension, will be tried by court martial, with consequent long delay in muster-out, will be excluded from any ceremonial parades, and will be reported by name to the National Guard authorities of their states. DOCUMENTS 325 This order will be read to each company immediately prior to its leaving the present area, and again at the last formation aboard ship, prior to debarking at the home port. By command of Major General Flagler: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, U.S.A., Chief of Staff. HEADQUARTERS 42D DIVISION AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, GERMANY, 24 MARCH, 1919. GENERAL ORDERS No.20 Pursuant to telegraphic instructions from General Headquarters American Expeditionary Forces, the 42d Division on March 22, 1919, was relieved from duty with the Third Army, except in the administration of affairs that relate to the occupation by the Division of the area of the Third Army and was placed under the orders of the Commanding General, S.O.S., for preparation for shipment to port of embarkation and for embarkation to the United States. By command of Major General Flagler: WM. N. HUGHES, JR., Colonel, General Staff, U.S.A., Chief of Staff. GENERAL REPORTS OF SERVICE STATION LIST OF UNIT SINCE ARRIVAL IN THE AMERICAN E. F.1 Unit 151st F.A. Company Regimental Hq. Arrived France October 31, 17. On Transport U.S.S. President Lincoln At St. Nazaire, France. To be rendered by headquarters (F. & S.) and by companies, batteries, other independent units. Headquarters will collect reports for all units serving with it at present. All other detachments will forward their report to the Statistical Officers of the Division, Corps, Army, or sections of the S.O.S. in which they are serving. These reports will be forwarded to Statistical Officers in triplicate one copy to be retained and two to be forwarded to the Statistical Division, A.G.O., 6.H.Q. STATION (Give nearest Town and Department) St. Nezaire, Fr. (Loire Inferieure) Camp No.1, Loire Inferieure Coetquidan, ( Morbihan) Ramberviller, (Vosges) Merviller, (Meurthe et Moselle) Dunevre, " Neuf M'aisons, " Portieux (Vosges) LaChausse (Marne) Courtisols (MaTne) Suippes (Marne) St. Etienne (Marne) Cheppes (Marne) Vitry-la-Ville (Marne) Cocherel (Marne) Chateau Thierry (Aisne) Trogny (Aisne) Courpoil (Aisne) Ville-sur-Fere (Aisne) Dole (Aisne) Epieds (Aisne) Essomes-sur-Marne (Aisne) Marigny (Seine et Marne) Trilport (Seine et Marne) ARRIVED (Date) 10-31-17 11-5-17 11-17-17 2-20-18 2-22-18 3-23-18 3-30-18 6-17-18 6-23-18 6-29-18 7-4-18 7-19-18 7-22-18 7-22-18 7-23-18 7-25-18 7-26-18 7-27-18 8-3-18 8-3-18 8-11-18 8-14-18 8-15-18 8-16-18 LEFT (Date) 11-5-17 11-6-17 2-18-18 2-21-18 3-23-18 3-30-18 6-15-18 6-22-18 6-28-18 7-4-18 7-14-18 7-21-18 7-22-18 7-22-18 7-25-18 7-26-18 7-27-18 8-2-18 8-3-18 8-11-18 8-14-18 8-15-18 8-16-18 8-17-18 AUTHORITY Hq.42d Div. Par.4, SO 105 Hq. L of C BS #1, 11-8-17 Hq.42d Div. Is Is (GO 40 Hq. 42d Div. (6-16-1918) GO 41 Hq.42 Div. 6-20-18 67th Brigade Telephone Written order from 67th Brigade Hq.42d Division 42d Div. G. O. V.O. 67th Brigade.. is ist 42d Div. G.O. 42d Div. G.O. iThe original of this table fills several sheets of a small printed form prepared for the purpose. The general heading and the instructions which appear on each sheet of the original are reproduced here but once, in the relationships intended. Two columns, headed respectively "Attached or Assigned to" and "Detachments Stationed at" have been omitted. 326 DOCUMENTS Clefmnont (Haute Marne) Gonaincourt (Haute Marne) Medonville (Haute Marne) Tilleux (Vosges) Autigny-la-Tour (Vosges) Bicqueley, (Meurthe et Moselle) Sanzy, Mandres, Essey Pannes Troyon-sur-Meuse (Meuse) Recourt (Meuse) Brocou~rt (Meuse) Avocourt (Meuse) Very (Meuse) Thenorgeus (Ardennes) St. Pierremont (Ardennes) Tannay (Ardennes) Harricourt (Ardennes) Imecourt (Ardennes) Ancreville (Meuse) Ecu~rey (Meuse) Montmedy (Meuse) Ethe (Belgium) Bonnert (Belgium) Reckingen (Luxembourg) Lorentzweiler (Luxembourg) Dickweiler, (Luxembourg) Meckel, (Germany) Diederstaden, (Germany) Malberg, (Germany) Densborn, (Germany) Lussengen (Germany) Hillesheim (Germany) Nohn (Germany) Dumpelfeld (Germany) 8-18-18 8-29-18 8-30-18 8-31-18 9-4-18 9-6-18 9-7-18 9-8-18 9-14-18 9-21-18 10-2-18 10-2-18 10 —4-18 10-6-18 10-12-18 11-4-18 11 —6-18 11-7-18 11-10-18 11-14-18 11-16-18 11-17-18 11-20-18 11-21-18 11-22-18 11-23-18 12-1-18 12-2-18 12-3-18 12-4-18 12-5-18 12-6-18 12-7-18 12-8-18 12-9-18 12-14-18 8-28-18 8-29-18 8-30-18 9-4-18 9-5-18 9-6-18 9-8-18 9-14-18 9-21-18 10-2-18 10-2-18 10-4-18 10 —6-18 10-12-18 11-2-18 11-6-18 11-7-18 11-10-18 11-14-18 11-16-18 11-17-18 11-20-18 11-21-18 11-22-18 11-23-18 12-1-18 12-2-18 12-3-18 12-4-18 12-5-18 12 —6-18 12-7-18 12-8-18 12-9-18 12-14-18 12-15-18 Written 67th Brigade order is SC Written Order 67th Brigade V.0. Written di Id I I I I cc I I It I I FO #30, Hq 42d Div 10-3-18 Written Order 67th Brigade V.0. 67th Brigade FO #50 Hq 42d Div 11-2-18 FO #51 "I " 11-3-18 FO #53 Id Id 11-5-18 FO #57 i FO #60 d FO #61 i F.O. 62 Hq 42 Is 63 i it64 I it 65 ' it66 4 cc69 Is70 9 de71 it72 6 It 73 El it 74 I "i 75 ~ di76 9 it 77 It It78 i it 79 it it 11-8-18 it 11-13-18 to 11-15-18 Div 11-16-18 di11-19-18 It11-20-18 id11-21-18 it11-22-18 it11-30-18 It 12-1-18 di 12-2-18 it 12-3-18 is 12-4-18 It 12-5-18 It 12-6-18 it 12-7-18 it 12-8-18 ti12-13-18 it12-14-18 0 [RESUME OF FRONT-LINE SERVICE, 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY] 2 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIvIsIoNq LuNEVILLE SECTOR (LORRAINE) The 151st Field Artillery arrived in France the latter part of October, 1917, and was sent, together with the other field artillery regiments and the 2From a report entered upon mimeographed forms prepared for the purpose. The general heading and the note which app ear on each of the forms are here printed in the first instance only. The dates given under the heading, " Recommendation, " relate to credit for combat service or service in the theater of operations. 328 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY ammunition train of 'the 42nd Division, to Coetquidan for training. These troops remained in this training area until February, 1918, when they joined the rest of the 42nd Division on the line. The 151st Field Artillery entered that part of the Lorraine front known as the LUNEVJLLE SECTOR on February 21st, and remained in line in this sector until March 22, leaving the corps area on March 23. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector LUNEVILLE Army VIII French (LORRAINE) Corps 7th French 1ST BN. BTRYS.A,B, AND C AUTHORITY RECOMMENDATION Entered Division Area GO #5, 42 Div. 2-21-18 Entered line 2-26-18 Service Note #118, 128 Fr. Inf.Div. Left line 3-22-18 Note of Service, 128 Fr. Inf.Div. 2-20-18 Left corps area 3-23-18 GO #9, 42 Div. 2ND BN. D,E,AND F Entered Division Area GO #5, 42 Div. 2-24-18 Entered line 2-25-18 Operations Note #85, 128 Fr.Inf. Left line 3-22-18 Order #56 Op. 128 Fr. Inf.Div. February 25, 1918 -Left corps area 3-23-18 GO #9, 42 Div. March 22, 1918. Note: On this sheet is entered the date of arrival in front line corps area and the date of entry into line, together with the departure from each. Each fact is supported by the authority therefor. Recommendations are based upon entry into and departure from the front line Corps Area. Note: Unit History Battalion War Diary BACCARAT SECTOR (LORRAINE) Following the relief of the 42nd Division from the Luneville Sector the division was ordered, for further training and the eventual taking over of a portion of the line, to the BACCARAT SECTOR. The 151st Field Artillery entered Division Area in this sector on March 29th, entered the line on March 29th, and continued to hold a portion of this line until June 15th. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector BACCARAT Army VIII French (LORRAINE) Corps 7th French 1ST BN. AUTHORITY RECOMMENDATION Entered Division Area Conf. Memo 151 FA Dated 3-29-18 3-28-18 Entered Line 3-29-18 War Diaries Left line 6-15-18 SO #52, 67th FA Brig. Left corps area 6-22-18 GO #41, 42 Div. 2ND BN. Entered Division Area March 29, 1918-June 3-29-18 15, 1918. Entered line 3-30-18 Same as above Left line 6-15-18 Left corps area 6-22-18 ESPERANCE AND SOUAIN SECTOR (CHAMPAGNE) On June 21st the French 61st Division and the American 77th Division relieved the 42nd Division, the latter division entraining for the valley of the DOCUMENTS 329 Marne between Vitry-le-Francois and Chalons-sur-Marne. Here the Division was assigned to duty with the French IV Army. On the night of June 28-29 the 42nd Division began its march to the front. Both battalions of the 151st Field Artillery entered their allotted positions in the defensive system that had been perfected by General Gouraud, in anticipation of a German attack, on July 5th and continued to hold this position in what was known as the ESPERANCE & SOUAIN SECTOR until the beginning of the Champagne-Marne Defensive on July 15th. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector ESPERANCE & SOUAIN Army IV French (CHAMPAGNE) Corps 21st French 1ST BN. A, B & C Entered Defense Position 7-5-18 Entered line Position merged into battle 7-15-18 Left line Left corps area 2ND BN. D, E, AND F Entered Defense Position 7-5-18 Entered line Position merged into battle 7-5-18 ILeft line Left corps area AUTHORITY GO #47, 42 Div. and War Diaries Same as 1st Bn. RECOMMENDATION July 5, 1918-July 14, 1918. CHAMPAGNE-MARNE DEFENSIVE The 151st Field Artillery, together with the rest of the 42nd Division, was in line at the beginning of the CHAMPAGNE-MARNE DEFENSIVE and remained in line in this operation until July 18th. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector CHAMPAGNE-MARNE Army IV French 1ST BN. Entered front line corps area 7-15-18 Entered line 7-15-18 Left line 7-18-18 Left corps area 7-19-18 2ND BN. Entered front line corps area 7-15-18 Entered line 7-15-18 Left line 7-18-18 Left corps area 7-19-18 AUTHORITY Operations Order #8, 67th F.A.Brig. War Diaries End of Operation Same as above Corps 21st French RECOMMENDATION July 15, 1918-July 18, 1918. AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE On July 21st the 42nd Division entrained for points on the Marne in the locality of Meaux (Seine-et-Marne) and La Ferte-sous-Jouarre (Seine-etMarne). On July 25th the division proceeded to the locality of Epieds and Verdilly, just north of Chateau-Thierry, as part of the French VI Army. The 330 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 151st Field Artillery took over a portion of the front line on July 27th and held this position in the AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE until the termination of this operation on August 6th, supporting the American 4th Division after the withdrawal of the 42nd Division on August 2nd-3rd. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector AISNE-MARNE Army VI French 1ST BN. Entered front line corps area 7-26-18 Entered line 7-27-18 Left line 8-6-18 Left corps area 2ND BN. Entered front line corps area 7-26-18 Entered line 7-27-18 [.eft line 8-6-18 Left corps area AUTHORITY Order #2264/3 VI French Army Operations Order #10, 67 F.A. Brig. End of Operation Same as above Corps 1st U.S. RECOMMENDATION July 26, 1918-August 6, 1918. VESLE SECTOR (CHAMPAGNE) On the termination of the Aisne-Marne Offensive the artillery brigade of the 42nd Division continued to hold a front line position, in support of the American 4th Division, in what then became the VESLE SECTOR. The artillery brigade held this position until August 11th when withdrawn from line and from corps area and sent to the Bourmont Area to rejoin the foot troops of the 42nd Division. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector VESLE Army VI Frencl (CHAMPAGNE) Corps 1st U.S. 1ST BN. Entered Division Area 8-7-18 Entered line 8-7-18 Left line 8-11-18 Left corps area 8-11-18 2ND BN. Entered Division Area 8-7-18 Entered line 8-7-18 Left line 8-11-18 Left corps area 8-11-18 AUTHORITY FO #26, 4 Div. Oper. Order #11, 67 FA Blrig FO #30, 4 Div. War Diaries RECOMMENDATION Same as above August 7, 1918-August 11, 1918. ST. MIHIEL OFFENSIVE On August 30th the 42nd Division moved from the Bourmont Area northward in the direction of Toul. From Toul it moved northward to participate, as part of the American First Army, in the reduction of the St. Mihiel Salient. On the night of September 11-12 the 42nd Division moved to the front to relieve the 89th Division. This division held a front line position in the ST. MIHIEL OFFENSIVE from the beginning until September 16th. DOCUM1ENTS 331 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY Battle or Sector ST. MIHIEL h;, r ". BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Army I US Corps 4th US RECOM MENDATION IST BN. Entered front line corps area 9-12-18 Entered line 9-12-18 Left line 9-16-18 Left corps area 2ND BN. Entered front line corps area 9-12-18 Entered line 9-12-18 Left line 9-16-18 Left corps area AUTHORITY FO #17, 42 Div. FO #18, 42 Div. End of operation Same as above September 12, 1918 -September 16, 1918. ESSEY & PANNES SECTOR (LORRAINE) On termination of the St. Mihiel Offensive the 42nd Division continued to hold front line positions in what then became the ESSEY & PANNES SECTOR until October 1st when the entire division was relieved by the American 89th Division and was ordered to proceed to the area of Souilly, where it passed into reserve of the American First Army as a preliminary to its employment on the Meuse-Argonne front. 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY Battle or Sector ESSEY & PANNES (LORRAINE) 1ST BN. BTRYS.A, B, & C Entered Division Area 9-17-18 Entered line 9-17-18 Left line 10-1-18 Left corps area 10-1-18 2ND BN. BTRYS.D, E,& F Entered Division Area 9-17-18 Entered line 9-17-18 Left line 9-30-18 Left corps area 9-30-18 AUTHORITY FO #28, 4th US Corps War Diaries FO #27, 42 Div. FO #28, 42 Div. Same as above BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Army I US Corps 4th US RECOMMENDATION September 17, 1918 -October 1, 1918. MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE On October 5th the 42nd Division was ordered to proceed to the front in the MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE. At Montfaucon-d'Argonne (Meuse) the artillery brigade of this division was detached and from October 7th to October 12th supported the American 32nd Division. The 151st Field Artillery entered the front lines in support of the 32nd Division on October 7th and continued to support this division in this position until the arrival of the 42nd Division on October 12th, when it began the support of the latter division. This regiment was in line until November 3rd, was returned to the front lines on November 5th, and was relieved from the front lines on November 8th. The 42nd Division, after relief by the American 77th Division, was grouped south of the Stonne highway, where it was stationed at the time of the Armistice with the U. S. 3rd Corps as Army reserve. 332 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY, 67TH FIELD ARTILLERY BRIGADE, 42ND DIVISION. Battle or Sector MEUSE-ARGONNE Army I US Corps 5th and 1st US 1ST BN. Entered front line corps area 10-6-18 Entered line 10-7-18 11-5-18 Left line 11-3-18 11-8-18 Left corps area 11-10-18 2ND BN. Entered front line corps area 10-6-18 Entered line 10-7-18 11-5-18 Left line 11-3-18 11-8-18 Left corps area 11-10-18 AUTHORITY FO #32, 42 Div. FO #64, 5th Army Corps FO #52, 42 Div. FO #50, 42 Div. FO #56, 42 Div. FO #94, 1st US Corps FO #123, 5th US Corps Same as 1st Bn. RECOMMENDATION October 6, 1918 -November 10, 1918. 0 - [BATTLE CREDITS OF THE 151ST FIELD UNIT COMBAT SERVICE OR SERVICE IN THEATER OF OPERATIONS Champagne-Marne, July 15-18, 1918 Aisne-Marne, July 25-Aug.6, 1918 St. Mihiel, Sept. 12-16, 1918. 151st FIELD Meuse-Argonne, Oct. 6-Nov. 10, 1918 ARTILLERY Luneville, Feb. 25-Mar. 22, 1918 Baccarat, Mar. 29-June 15, 1918 Esperance-Souain, July 5-14, 1918 Vesle, Aug. 7-11, 1918 Essey-Pannes, Sept. 17-Oct. 1, 1918 ARTILLERY] 3 INSCRIPTION ON STREAMER FOR COLORS Champagne-Marne. Aisne-Marne. St.Mihiel. Meuse-Argonne. Lorraine. Champagne. Lorraine. 0 HEADQUARTERS, 42ND DIVISION, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, GERMANY. 6 February 1919. From: Commanding General, 42nd Division. To: Commanding General, Third Army (through Commanding General, 4th Army Corps). Subject: Historical Report. In compliance with No.3193 G-3, G.H.Q., American E.F., the following is submitted: 1. BATTLES: (a) CHAMPAGNE-MARNE Defensive. (15th July-17th July, 1918). The Division served during this period under the 21st French Army Corps, Fourth French Army. All divisional elements were engaged. 3This is an extract from paragraph 2, General Orders, No. 41, War Department, October 9, 1922. DOCUMENTS 333 (b) AISNE-MARNE Offensive. (24th July-6th August 1918). The Division took over the front of the 1st Army Corps, Sixth French Army. It served in the front line from 25th July to 3rd August 1918. From 3rd August to 9th August it was in support. All divisional elements were engaged. In addition, the 51st Field Artillery Brigade served with the Division from 25th July to 3rd August, and the 1st and 3rd Battalions, 47th Infantry served with the Division from 29th July to 2nd August. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade supported the 4th Division on the VESLE from 3rd August to 11th August 1918. (c) ST.MIHIEL Offensive. (12th September-16th September 1918). The 42nd Division delivered the main attack from the South as center division of the Fourth Army Corps. All divisional elements were engaged. In addition, the following American units were attached: 1st Battalion, 51st Pioneer Infantry (less two Companies). 10th Field Artillery 18th Field Artillery Served 12th September only. 3rd Trench Mortar Battery 327th American Renault Battalion (Tanks) 90th Observation Squadron 3rd Balloon Company 2 Platoons, Co.A, 1st Gas Regiment (d) ARGONNE-MEUSE Offensive. (1st October-11th November 1918). During this period the Division served as follows: 1st October-4th October 1st Army Reserve. 5th October-12th October 5th Army Corps Reserve. 13th October-31st October In line, left division of 5th Army Corps. 1st November-Sth November 1st Army Corps Support. 5th November-lOth November In line, left division of 1st Army Corps. 11th November Regrouping at BUZANCY. Attached American units serving with the Division during this period were: 1st Field Artillery Brigade 13th-31st October 1918. Detachment Tanks, 1st Lt. Henry C. Jennings, Tank Corps, Adjutant 15th-31st October 1918. Troops B, F and H, 2nd Cavalry 13th-16th October 1918. Company C, 1st Gas Regiment 13th-22nd October 1918. The 67th Field Artillery Brigade served with the 32nd Division from 7th October to 12th October 1918, and with the 2nd Division on 1st November 1918. The 149th Machine Gun Battalion, 150th Machine Gun Battalion and 151st Machine Gun Battalion served with the 2nd Division on 1st November. 2. (a) LUNEVILLE SECTOR (LORRAINE). (21st February-23rd March 1918). The Division served under the 7th French Army Corps, 8th French Army. All divisional elements were engaged. The following incident worthy of special mention took place: On 5th March the enemy attempted to raid C.R. CHAMOIS (north of BADONVILLER). It was repulsed. This C.R. was held by 1st Battalion, 168th Infantry and 168th Machine Gun Company. (b) BACCARAT SECTOR (LORRAINE). (31st March-21st June 1918). All divisional elements were engaged. Attached American units during this period were: Company A, 2nd Balloon Squadron 42nd Division Squadron (Troops E and F, 2nd Cavalry) 12th-22nd April 1918 1st Battalion, 30th Howitzer Regiment, C.A.C.(Ry.) May 1918 Company F, 21st Engineers May 1918 Company L, 23rd Engineers May 1918 334 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY The following incidents are worthy of special mention: 1. Go and come raid on Bois DES CHIENS. Executed 3rd May 1918 by 3rd Battalion, 166th Infantry. All divisional artillery engaged, together with 149th Machine Gun Battalion. 2. Projector attack on C.R. VILLAGE NEGRE, on night of 26th-27th May 1918. The C.R. was held by 1st Battalion, 168th Infantry and 168th Machine Gun Company. 3. Projector attack on C.R. VILLAGE NEGRE, on night of 28th-29th May 1918. 3rd Battalion, 168th Infantry and 168th Machine Gun Company were engaged. (c) FERME DE VADENAY Sector (CHAMPAGNE). (4th July-14th July 1918). Division served with 21st French Army Corps. All divisional elements were engaged. (d) ESSEY and PANNES Sector (WOEVRE). (17th September-30th September 1918). All divisional elements were engaged. The following incidents are worthy of special mention: 1. Raid on HAUMONT, night of 22nd September by M Company, 167th Infantry and A Battery, 149th Field Artillery. 2. Raid on MARIMBOIS FERME, night of 22nd September by 2nd Battalion, 168th Infantry and F Battery, 149th Field Artillery. (e) Army of Occupation. (11th November to date). All divisional elements engaged. Divisional units are as follows: Headquarters Headquarters troop 83rd Infantry Brigade: 165th Infantry Regiment 166th Infantry Regiment 150th Machine Gun Battalion 84th Infantry Brigade: 167th Infantry Regiment 168th Infantry Regiment 151st Machine Gun Battalion 67th Field Artillery Brigade: 149th Field Artillery Regiment 150th Field Artillery Regiment 151st Field Artillery Regiment 117th Trench Mortar Battery (Left for U.S. 8 Jan. 1919). 117th Ammunition Train 149th Machine Gun Battalion 117th Field Signal Battalion 117th Engineer Regiment 117th Engineer Train 117th Train Headquarters 117th Mobile Ordnance Repair Shop 117th Supply Train 117th Sanitary Train: Field Hospitals Nos.165, 166, 167, 168. Ambulance Companies Nos.165, 166, 167, 168. 42nd Military Police Company. ATTACHED: Machine Shop Truck Unit No.302. Machine Shop Truck Unit No.361 (1st May 1918 to date). Clothing Squad No.5 (5th June 1918 to 26 January 1919). Salvage Squad No.3. Photo Detachment, Signal Corps. DOCUMENTS 335 Postal Detachment. Sales Commissary Unit No.19 (19th August 1918 to date). Mobile Veterinary Section No.102. Salvage Squad No.313 (18th September to 20th November 1918). Mobile Veterinary Section No.103 (25th July to 20th August, 1918). Evacuation Ambulance Company No.2 (25th July to 17th August 1918). Evacuation Hospital No.4 (25th July to 17th August 1918). Clothing and Bath Unit No.325 (18th January 1919 to date). Bakery Company No.310 (14th January 1919 to date). Units that have no date of service noted have been with the Division during its entire service at the front. The 117th Train Headquarters and 42nd Military Police Company were united as the 117th Train Headquarters and Military Police until 15th September 1918. Company A, 117th Train Headquarters and Military Police was then detached to 1st Army and the remaining Military Police Company separated from the 117th Train Headquarters as the 42nd Military Police Company. C. A. F. FLAGLER, Major General, U.S.A. ROSTER INTRODUCTION This roster of the 151st Field Artillery is based chiefly upon the following sources: a roster giving the personnel of the regiment before its departure for Camp Mills in September, 1917, in the Biennial Report of the adjutant general of Minnesota, 1917-1918, pages 128-149; pages 174-202 of a Roster of the Rainbow Division (New York, 1917), compiled in October, 1917, by Lieutenant Harold S. Johnson of the 151st Field Artillery; a typewritten roster, furnished by the author, including all who served with the regiment before February 1, 1919, and showing those present on that date; original records of the office of the adjutant general of Minnesota; detailed official statements of service furnished by the war department; questionnaires filled out by the men themselves; special orders containing regimental and divisional citations, in the possession of Colonel Leach; a compilation issued by the war department in 1920, entitled Congressional Medal of Honor, the Distinguished Service Cross, and the Distinguished Service Medal; and General Orders of the war department, Numbers 51, 53, 55, 56, 60, and 68, April 14, 19, 26, 28, May 5, 23, 1919, listing awards of American decorations and of the French Groix de Guerre. It should be noted, however, that no complete lists of recipients of foreign decorations are available. The names of members of the 1st Minnesota Field Artillery who left the regiment before its federalization on August 5, 1917, are omitted, partly because this volume is primarily a history of the 151st Field Artillery, and partly because the records of losses during the mobilization period are not trustworthy in all cases. It is apparent that some of the men were not clear as to their obligations at that time, or that there was great confusion in the keeping of records. For example, one hundred and forty-three members of the 1st Field Artillery are listed in official records as deserters, most of them having failed to respond to the call of the President in the first place, in June, 1917; but there is evidence, oftentimes equally authoritative, that some of these "deserters" had entered other branches of the service, and doubt is therefore cast upon other cases of alleged desertion. It was felt that under the circumstances all of these men should be given the benefit of the doubt and their names have therefore been omitted, together with those of sixty-one others who were discharged, for the most part on account of physical disability or of dependent relatives, between June 23 and August 5, 1917. Nor are the names of non-Minnesotans who may have joined the regiment after February 1, 1919, the date of the latest available list, included, but indications are that there were few, if any, such late accessions, and it is believed that the roster is complete as to names for the entire period of the regiment's service as the 151st Field Artillery. 339 340 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Details of service are derived for the most part from the official service records furnished by the war department and are as accurate and complete as a careful examination of these and other available records can make them. It will be observed, however, that they are complete only as regards service with the 151st Field Artillery, and it should be explained for the benefit of the many Minnesota members of the regiment who served also with other units that their service records, complete for the war period, will be included, together with those of all other Minnesota service men, in the general roster which, according to present plans, will be published as a part of the history of Minnesota in the World War. In the present roster the general form and content of the entries are as follows: name; age and residence at time of enlistment; place of birth; manner, date, and place of entering the regiment; transfers within the regiment, with dates; changes in grade, with dates; nature and dates of casualties; manner and date of leaving the regiment; and honors. Unless otherwise indicated, it is to be understood that a man entered the regiment as a private, and that he went overseas on October 18, 1917, and returned on April 26, 1919, with the main body of the regiment. ABBREVIATIONS AARD.. August Automatic Replacement Draft AC........ Army Corps acc....... accept acct....... account ACSch.. Army Candidate School adj.......... adjutant AEF... American Expeditionary Forces AerDet.....Aero Detachment aer ob... aero observer AerSq.. Aero Squadron AerSq(Repl).. Aero Replacement Squadron Ag.... August AHdq.... Army Headquarters AIC... Aviation Instruction Center AMDet... Aviation Mobilization Detachment AmSchDet... American School Detachment AmTn.... Ammunition Train A of 0... Army of Occupation Ap....... April ApARD. April Automatic Replacement Draft APO... Army Post Office apptd...... appointed ARCHosp.. American Red Cross Hospital ARD... Automatic Replacement Draft AReplBn... Army Replacement Battalion AReplDft... Army Replacement Draft Art...... Artillery ArtPk...... Artillery Park ArtSch.... Artillery School ArtSchDet.... Artillery School Detachment ASC.... Army Service Corps assnd.ssigned asst bd ldr.. assistant band leader ATC... Aviation Training Camp ATransSv.... Army Transport Service h..... born BalCo..... Balloon Company Bd........ Band bd ldr...... band leader bd sgt...... band sergeant BDivDep... Base Division Depot bglr....... bugler BHosp..... Base Hospital Bn.... Battalion bn sgt maj... battalion sergeant major Brig......... Brigade BSec....... Base Section Btry......... Battery CA....... Coast Artillery capt......... captain CArtPk... Corps Artillery Park cas...... casual CasCo.... Casual Company CasDet.... Casual Detachment Cav......... Cavalry Cen..... Center CenTankCorps. Center Tank Corps cfr........ chauffeur chap... chaplain ChWS Chemical Warfare Service CHosp..... Camp Hospital ck..... cook CMDLb. Central Medical Department Laboratory c mech.... chief mechanic Co......... Company col......... colonel col sgt...... color sergeant com....... commission comsd..... commissioned ConvCen... Convalescent Center corpl......... corporal Cp.........Camp CpDet.... Camp Detachment CRO... Central Records Office D........ December DC...... Dental Corps DemobGrp. Demobilization Group Dep....... Depot DepBrig... Depot Brigade DepDiv..... Depot Division des......... deserted 341 342 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Det........ Detachment DetP... Detachment of Patients det sv..... detached service dftd........ drafted disch........ discharged dishon disch... dishonorably discharged Div....... Division DivArea..... Division Area DO...... Divisional Orders EHosp... Embarkation Hospital emb....... embarkation Engrs........ Engineers enl........ enlisted ERC... Enlisted Reserve Corps EvHosp... Evacuation Hospital F........ February FA....... Field Artillery FABrig.. Field Artillery Brigade FACOTS..Field Artillery Central Officers Training School far........ farrier FARD.. Field Artillery Replacement Draft FARDep.. Field Artillery Replacement Depot FARDiv.. Field Artillery Replacement Division FAReplRegt.. Field Artillery Replacement Regiment FAReplU... Field Artillery Replacement Unit FAS.... Field Artillery School FASI... Field Artillery School of Instruction FeARD..February Automatic Replacement Draft FHosp...... Field Hospital FirCen..... Firing Center FrA...... French Army FRmSq.. Field Remount Squadron FSBn... Field Signal Battalion Ft.Fo........ Fort g c m o... general court martial order GdSv..... Guard Service GenSvInf.... General Service Infantry GHQ... General Headquarters GS..... General Staff GSCol... General Staff College HBn..... Horse Battalion Hdq..... Headquarters HdqBdSch. Headquarters Band School HdqCo.. Headquarters Company HdqDet..Headquarters Detachment HdqTrp... Headquarters Troop HospCorps.... Hospital Corps hs....... horseshoer Inf...... Infantry InstrCen... Instruction Center Ja.......... January Je....... June JeARD.. June Automatic Replacement Draft J1..... July J1ARD.. July Automatic Replacement Draft jnd........ joined lance corpl LiaisSv It. It col.......lance corporal ~... Liaison Service...... lieutenant... lieutenant colonel maj..... major MC..... Medical Corps MD... Medical Department mech.... mechanic MedDet... Medical Detachment mess sgt... mess sergeant MGBn... Machine Gun Battalion MGCo... Machine Gun Company MNG.. Minnesota National Guard MotBn.... Motor Battalion MPC.. Military Police Corps MPCo. Military Police Company Mr...... March MR... Muster Roll MRC.. Medical Reserve Corps mr el(sig)... master electrician (signal) MSupTn..Motor Supply Train MTC.. Motor Transport Corps mus...... musician My........ May N.... November NA....... National Army OC..... Ordnance Corps Oct.... October OrdnDet.. Ordnance Detachment OTC... Officers' Training Camp PBn... Provisional Battalion PersSec.. Personnel Section PES.. Postal Express Service phys dis... physical disability PInf...... Pioneer Infantry PTRegt... Provisional Training Regiment ROSTER 343 PLdryCo.. Provisional Laundry Company ProvlRecrBn..Provisional Recruit Battalion ProvlRecrCo.. Provisional Recruit Company pvt....private pvt Ic. private, first class PWECo. Prisoner of War Escort Company QMC... Quartermaster Corps QMCDet. Quartermaster Corps Detachment RA....... Regular Army rec... recommended RecBtry.... Receiving Battery recr..... recruit RecrBtry.... Recruit Battery RecrDet... Recruit Detachment Regt... Regiment regtl sgt maj.. regimental sergeant major regtl sup sgt.. regimental supply sergeant ReplDep... Replacement Depot ReplDft.... Replacement Draft ReplRegt.. Replacement Regiment ReplU.... Replacement Unit resgnd...... resigned ROTC Reserve Officers' Training Camp retd.... returned RmSq.... Remount Squadron RO... Regimental Orders RR&CSv... Renting, Requisition, and Claims Service Ry......... Railway RyAPO. Railway Army Post Office S........ September SARD.. September Automatic Replacement Draft SC..... Signal Corps s c d.... surgeon's certificate of disability SchDet... School Detachment SchFire... School of Fire SchInstr.. School of Instruction sdlr...... saddler sgt...... sergeant sgt c..... sergeant, 1st class sgt maj.... sergeant major SnDet... Sanitary Detachment SnTn...... Sanitary Train SnTrps... Sanitary Troops stbl sgt..... stable sergeant SupCo..... Supply Company SupDet... Supply Detachment sup sgt.. supply sergeant SupTn.... Supply Train surg...... surgeon SvBn..... Service Battalion SvCo..... Service Company TankCo... Tank Company telp instr... telephone instructor TMBn.. Trench Mortar Battalion TngCen..... Training Center TngRegt... Training Regiment tr...transferred TrArt... Trench Artillery TrC... Transportation Corps TrGdSv. Transportation Guard Service Trp........ Troop TS.... Training School unassnd..... unassigned U S.... United States USGenHosp.. United States General Hospital VC.. Veterinary Corps VU...... Veterinary Unit WA... wounded in action or gassed1 wagr...... wagoner iNo distinction is made in available official records between injuries caused by projectiles and those inflicted by poison gas. OFFICERS Colonel GEORGE E. LEACH Lieutenant Colonels WILLIAM H. DONAHUE JOHN H. MCDONALD Majors LOREN R. BROOKS DOUGLAS G. BURRILL GEORGE C. FERCH CHARLES A. GREEN CHARLES F. BAIRD HUGH H. BARBER CHARLES J. BRADLEY LEWIS C. COLEMAN, Regimental Adjutant WILLIAM R. CROSS FREDERICK M. FUECKER ALFRED M. GOLDMAN ARTHUR S. Gow WILLIAM J. HARRINGTON, Chaplain WILLIAM HOAG JEROME JACKMAN, Battalion Adjutant WILLIAM S. JENKINS, JR., Battalion Adjutant HENRY KEMPNER Firs CLIFFORD J. ALLEN WHEATON AUGUR WILLIAM E. BALLENTINE ELMER W. BERG, Medical Corps JOSEPH A. CALDWELL ARTHUR F. CHASE HAMILTON F. CORBETT HAROLD K. CRABBE LOUIS M. CRUTTENDEN, Medical Corps ALBERT W. DUBOIS ERNEST P. FERGUSON WILLIAM H. GARFIELD FRASER HALE EDWARD D. HARRIS KENNETH D. HARRISON THORNDYKE HARVEY CLAUDE H. HELGESEN THOMAS T. HANDY JOHN L. HASKINS, Medical Corps ROLAND P. SHUGG Captains PHILIP J. MCCAULEY JOSEPH L. MCKINNEY GUY NASH DONALD B. PALMER, Medical Corps ALFRED H. PAUTOT, Battalion Adjutant MAX E. PAYNE LEE M. PICKETT HILARY H. SCOTT OTTO K. SEIDEL ERWIN H. SHERMAN, Battalion Adjutant JOHN E. SOPER, Medical Corps LEVENS D. WILLIAMS WILLIAM E. WORD, JR. t Lieutenants NORMAN E. HENDRICKSON THOMAS G. HIRST HAROLD S. JOHNSON MALCOLM G. KEECH CHARLES C. KING FREDERICK S. KING DONELSON M. LAKE CHRISTIAN D. LEBEY MARTIN LEBOUTILLIER HOWARD W. MCCOY HIRAM L. MCLEAN MARK MADIGAN JOHN H. MALLON FREDERIC P. MULLINS GARRETT B. NASH HARLOU P. NEIBLING ERNEST W. NICHOLS DUDLEY H. PACE HARLIE A. REYNARD 344 ROSTER 345 HURLEY O. RICHARD' JOHN F. ROBOHM, J] JOHN P. ROSENWALD Medical Corps CARL E. SAGER LEWIS E. SCHNEIDER HENRY M. SHAW RAYMAN K. AITKEN; LEOPOLD ARNAUD HERBERT E. BAKER EDMUND A. BALL FRANK BOOMA GEORGE BRIGGS HENRY W. BROCKEN] THOMAS J. BROGAN EDWARD M. BROWN FRANK BROWN GEORGE D. BUCKWEL NORMAN S. CLARK ORVILLE G. CONOVER HARRY V. DAVIS EDWARD B. DAWSON SAMUEL EELLS EARL P. ELMORE WILLIAM E. EWERS WILLIAM GATES, JR. EZRA W. GRAHAM WILLIAM E. HAGSTR( CHANNING M. HALL RANDOLPH C. HARRIS EDWARD W. HARTLE' THOMAS T. HARVEY LOUIS B. HERBLIN JOSEPH A. HOLMES NORMAN F. HUNNEN MICHAEL M. JALMA, Band Leader ERNEST E. KELLER SON R. II DAVID R. SIGOURNEY JOHN TOWNSEND, JR. JOHN E. WALLFRED PAUL B. WATSON GALEN R. WEAVER RUDOLPH J. WEINMAN Second Lieutenants r STANLEY O. LAW JOHN T. LAWRENCE EVERETT F. MCCOY JOHN A. MCMANUS ARTHUR H. MARQUARDT EDWARD K. MERRIHEW BROUGH MILLER B. MORAN EDWARD W. MULLINS GEORGE C. MUSCIo HOWARD F. NEILL L JAMES F. NEWTON JACK O'BRYAN THOMAS S. PAGE JOSEPH A. PALMER REUBEN M. PALMER ROBERT D. PASKINS JOHN DEW. PELTZ IRVIN M. PUFFER BURTON H. R. RANDALL CHARLES G. ROBERTS )M SHELDON R. SAYLES JOEL H. SHARP SON RAYMOND E. STEFFY Y ALEXANDER W. TERRELL EDWARD U. THATCHER WHEELOCK WHITNEY JOHN WILLIAMS VELL LYLE P. WILLIAMS HAROLD B. WILSON CHARLES C. WITHINGTON ROSTER A AAKER, LEONARD H., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry D 14Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo; pvt; disch lOMyI9. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. AAL, TEGNEAR A., 23, Alexandria: b Glenwood; enl Btry A 1Ag17 Ft Snelling; corpi 13N17, sgt 5JI18; WA(severely) 28Oct18: retd to U S 26Mr18; disch 1 5ApI19. ABEL, ALFRED J., 27, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry C 26J117 Ft Snelling; pvt 1C 1S18; disch 1OMyI9. ABELS, JAMES A., 22, Ransom, Ill.: b Ohio; tr from Cp Jackson JIARD to HdqCo 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. ABRAHAM, WALTER T., 18, Gaylord: b Wood Lake; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1Myl8; WA 9Mrl8; retd to U S 21Oct18; disch 2,8Ja19. ACHATZ, LOUIS, 24, Altoona, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D ISIFA 14N18; pvt lc 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 11DI8. ACKERMAN, CLARENCE H., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI MiC 20Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 3Oct17; tr to ARCHosp No I 27Apl8. ACKLAND, ROBERT L., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry D 2Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic lMyI8, pvt 1D18; WA 28Oct18; disch I5M'y19. ADAMS,' CALVIN W., 24, Shufori;, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry D 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13Myl9. ADAMS, CLARENCE G., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry D 21Je16 Minneapolis; ck, pvt, corpl. lApl8; tr to 301 TngCen Tank Corps 2Apl8. ADAMS, GEORGE W., 20, Morristown: b Faribault; eni Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 1S17; retd to U S 27F19; disch SApl9. ADDISON, THOMAS W., 29, St. Paul: b England; enl Btry B 26Ap17 St Paul; mech 10J117; disch 10MyI9. AGNEW, JOHN J., 24, St. Paul: b Ireland; enI Btry B 21JI117 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Apl8. AIKEN, GEORGE E., 20, St. Paul: b Del; enI Btry B 1JlI2 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch 12Myl9. AIKEN, GILBERT E., 26 St. Paul- b Redwood Falls; enl Btry ~ 23Je16 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 1Oct17, to Saumur ArtSch 23Ag18, to Btry C 151FA 30N18; sgt 22Agl6, 1st sgt 1JI17, sgt 12SI7, pvt 15S17, corpl. 6Ap18, sgt 13Agl8; overseas 12F18 to 26ApI9; disch 10My19. Cited in RO 21J118. AITKEN, RAYMAN K., 30, Chicago: b Kans; tr as 2d It from Hdq 67FABrig to 151FA 22Apl8; tr to 149FA 19Jal9. AKINS, JOSEPH F., 27, Waverly: b Ill; enI Btry A 23JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry B 147FA 9ApI8, to Q MCDet 18Myl8, to Btry A 151FA 20 My18; pvt lc 10N17, pvt 12Ap18, pvt IC 26ApI8, pvt 25Myl8, pvt lc 1J118, ck 1S18, corpl 29N18; disch lOMyl9. AKINS, MAURICE D., 28, Waverly: b Ill; enI Btry A 27AgI7 Ft Snelling; tr to 147FA 9Ap18, to Btry A 1IiFA; pvt lc 10N17, pvt 12ApI8, pvt IC 26Apl8, corpI 5S18; overseas 8M-rl8 to 26Apl9; disch 10My19. ALBRECHT, LESTER C., 19, Minneapolis: b Morgan; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 19S17; disch l0Myl9. ALDIDGE, THOMAS B., New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; tr to 141FA 25N18. ALDOUS, WILLIAM M,., 23, Litchfield, Ill.: b Ill; tr from l7Engrs to Btry B 151FA 16F18; pvt lc 21Myl8, corpI I3AglB, sgt 15M~r19; WA 6Ag18; disch 7My19. ALEXANDER, FRED M., 25, Humphreys, Mo.: b Mo; enl Btry F 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; retd to U S 18F19; disch 24Ap 19. ALEXANDER, NELSON, 32, St. Andrew, Fla.: b Fla; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA IN18; pvt; disch 14My19. ALEXIADIS, GEORGE N., 32, W. Va.: b Greece; tr from 147FA to lBtry E 151FA 6Ap18; pvt IC 3N18; disch 8My19. ALF, GEORGE H., 26, Newport, Ky.: b Ohio; tr from AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. ALLEN, CARROLL, 22, Fresno, Cal.: b Tenn; tr from 2OCav to Btry B 151FA 27Ag17; pvt lc 1D18; cas from 28Ap19. ALLEN, CLIFFORD J., 29, Minneapolis: b S D; comsd 2d It 23Ap17 and assnd to Btry E; prom lst It 1S17; WA 17Mr18; tr to HdqCo 15FA 12Je18. ALLEN JAM-ES, 21, Maxwell, Iowa: b Iowa; enI Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1S17, mech 1J118; disch 1OMyl9. ALLEN, MIKE, 25, St. Paul: b AustriaHungary; enl Btry B 11J116 Ft Snelling; ck, pvt I8Je18, ck 18S18; disch 10MyI9. ALLEN, RALPH, 24, Clayton, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 14Myl9. ALLEN, WILLIAM H., 19, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry D 24je16 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0M'yi9. ALLEY. VERTO R., 21, Minneapolis: b Mo; enl HdqCo 21Ap17 Minneapolis; mus 3c, 22JeI7, pvt 2Ap18, corpl 6Apl8, sgt 14Ap19; WA 16J118; disch lOMyI9. ALLGEIER, WILLIAM J., 26, Allegheny, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. *ALLIE, FRANCIS, 19, Duluth: b Wis; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry B 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; died 15JI18 of wounds received in action. ALLTOP, JOY, 22, Letter Gap, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 6Apl8; pvt; disch 8My19. ALMOUR, ALBERT A., 31, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry F lApl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 2Oct17. 346 ROSTER 347 ALMQUIST, ARTHUR E., 27, Brockton, Mass.: b Mass; tr from l63Inf to SupCo, 151FA 14My18; wagr ijilS; disch 7MyI9. ALVISON, BILL, 22, Gadsden, Ala.: b Ala; tr from FARepIR~egt to Btry F 151FA 9J118; pvt; disch 16Myl9. ANDERSON, ALFRED T., 20, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; eni Btry C 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Apl8. ANDERSON, ANTON R., 23, Minneapolis: b Sweden; eni HospCorps 18Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 27S18; WA 7M~rl8; disch IJI19. Cited in RO lApl8 and in DO llJel8. ANDERSON, ARTHUR, 31, St. Paul: b S D; enI Btry B 26Je17 St Paul; pvt; WA 7Agl8; disch lOMyl9. ANDERSON, AXEL G., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en] Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 13N17, pvt 12D17; disch lOMyl9. ANDERSON, CHRIST J., 27, Hutchinson: b Denmark; enl Btry C 2lApl7; pvt lc 19N18, corpI 7Mrl9; disch lOMyl9. ANDERSON, EVAR, 20, Virginia: b Ill; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; mech l0Je17, c mech 26M'r18; disch l0Myl9. ANDERSON, HANS 0., 29, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry C 5Ag17 M-inneapolis; pvt; disch 10Myl9. ANDERSON, HARRY, 26, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry A 19JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt; overseas 29Je18 to 20Oct19; disch 3N19. ANDERSON, HEDENE, 25, Waverly: b Waverly; enl Btry A 23JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 10N17; WA 15JI18 and 6Ag18; disch 10Myl9. ANDERSON, OTTO D., 21, Britt, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo, 151FA 22Agl7; wagr 29Agl7; disch 10M'y19. ANDERSON, ROBERT D., Reisterstown, Md.: b Tenn; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry E 151FA I3My18; ck 28M-rl9; tr to Cp Meade Det 2TngBn 28Apl9. ANDERSON, THEODORE, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 4Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1F18; disch 1OMyl9. ANDERSON, VICTOR E., 23, Dassel: b Dassel; eni Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC IN17, corpl 29N18; disch 1OMyl9. ANDORPHER, VINCENT J., 24, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry F 4Je17 Minneapolis; ck 1N17, pvt 1F18, ck 13JI18; disch lOMyl9. ANDROS, SEME, 30, Oak Creek, Col.: b Greece; tr from FARepIRegt APO 722 to Btry A 151FA 5Apl8; pvt lc 1Apl8; cas from 28Ap18. ANGLE, JAMES G., 21, St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry A 16JI16 St Paul; pvt ic 10N17; disch 10My19. ANTHONY, DAVID E., 22, Scranton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 117FSBn to Btry A 151FA 30Ap18; pvt IC 16Apl8; tr to 337Inf 3F19. ANTHONY, MIKE, 25, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry E 25Jel7 Minneapolis; pvt IC 20Jal8, corpIl12Je18; disch IOMyl9. ANTWINE, VERNIE E., 44, Arlington, Iowa: b Canada; enl SupCo 24Agl7 Ft Snelling; hs 29Agl7; disch lOMyl9. ARGYLE, WILLIAM, 29, Randolph: b Iowa; enl Btry D 24Je16 Minneapolis; c mech 24Je16; disch lOMyl9. ARNAUD, LEOPOLD, 23; New York: b N Y; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Jal8; WA (severely) 28Myl8; prom 1st It 29Ag18; tr to l2FABrig 30Agl8. Cited in RO 31My18 and in DO l2Je18. ARNOLD, LOREN, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 12My13 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo; corpl I2My18; disch lOMyl9. ARONSOHN, SAM, 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 27Je16 St Paul; bglr 16JI17; disch 17Oct17 Cp Mills. ARSENAULT, EDMOND H., 18, Stillwater: b Stillwater; enl Btry E 23Apl7 Minneapolis; p t Ic 14Mr19; tr to Hdq 67FABrig 29Ap19. ARSTEIN, LEE, 26, Talladegs, Ala.: b Russia; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; cas from 28ApI19. ASKEGAARD, ARTHUR C., 25, Comstock: b Comstock; eni HdqCo, 7Agl7 Ft Snelling; mus IC 1NI8, asst bd ldr 29N18, mus lc lMrl9, asst- bd ldr 8ApI9; disch 1OMy19. ASTOPHI, JOE, 26, Oscoda, Mich.: b Russia; eni Btry A 20J116 St Paul; pvt Ic 8My18; overseas 14N 17 to l6Ja19; disch 3FI9. ATHEY, FREDERICK A., 22, Minneapolis: b Redwood Falls; enl HdqCo 23JI17 Ft Snelling; mus lc IN18; retd to U S 18F19; disch s c d 23My19. ATKINSON, JOHN K., 28, Bishopville, S. C.: b S C; tr from AARD to Btry A 151FA 16Oct18; pvt; tr to 330FA 28F19. ATWATER, CHARLES, 20, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 21Jel7 Minneapolis; pvt IC 28Jel7, corpi 7FI8, pvt 13N18, pvt IC 4Mr19; WA Mrl8; disch 1OMyl9. ATWOOD, HERMAN L., 22, Seward, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 15N18 and assnd to Btry C 151FA 13D18; pvt; cas from 28ApI9. AUGE, SAMU-EL, 21, St. Paul: b Ramsey Co; enl Btry C 26Je16 St Paul; corpl lAgl7; WA 29M'yl8; disch IOMyI9. AUGUR, WHEATON, 30, Chicago: b Ill; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry B 151FA lJal8; tr to Saumur ArtSch 24M~yl8. AVOLES, TONY, 25, St. Paul: b Italy; enl Btry A 5Je17 St Paul; pvt Ic ID18; tr to HdqTrp 3d Army 30MrI9. AWBREY, CLARENCE, 22, Webster City, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 1st Corps BDivDep to Btry E 151FA I4MyI8; pvt; tr to 246MPCo 16Ap19. B BACH, LELAND J., 25, Dassel: b Wheaton; enl HdqCo 25Ap17 Minneapolis; mus 3c 25Ap17, corpI 18J117; disch IOMyI9. BACKEBERG, ARNOLD, 19, Tacoma, Wash.: b Wis; tr from ll7FSBn to Btry D 151FA 30Apl8; pvt; disch 17M419. BACKSTROM1, FREDERICK A., 23, Chicago: b Ill; tr from 83Div to HdqCo 1S1FA 22.S18; pvt; cas from 28Ap19. 348 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BADRACCA, WILLIAM G., 28, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 11N18; pvt 1c ID18; tr to 42MPCo 12D18. BAGLEY, WILBUR F., 25, St. Paul: b Iowa; eni Btry C 22My17 St Paul; pvt lc 20S17, mess sgt 1D17, sgt IJI18; WA(severely) 11Oct18; disch lOMyl9. BAILEY, HAROLD F., 23, Minneapolis: b Conn; enl Btry F 24M~r17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 26S18; tr to 329MGBn 8F19. BAILEY, JOHN H., 19, Palestine, Ark.: b Tenn; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA 26Agl7; pvt lc 5Myl8, pvt 3N18; disch 5F19. BAILEY, WESLEY D., 26, St. Marys, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry B 151FA 6Apl8; pvt lc 16Jal9; disch 8My19. BAIRD, CHARLES F., 26, Brooklyn: b N Y; comsd capt 16Ap17 and assnd to BtryAgIpro maj 7Oct18 and assnd to BAKER, EARL J., 17, Minneapolis: b Holdingford; enl Btry E 21Ap17 Minner,olis; pvt lc 20Jal8, pvt 3Myl8, pvt lc 4MT19; disch lOMy19. BAKER, GEORGE 0., 19, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 24Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10Myl9. BAKER, HERBERT E., 20, Cornwall on Hudson, N. Y.: b Ill; tr as 2d It from 328FA to 151FA 13Oct18; WA(severely) 26Oct18; tr to 10FA. BAKER, HERSCHEL D., 20, Cornwall on Hudson, N. Y.: b Ill; tr as 2d It from 328FA to 151FA 13Oct18; WA 26Oct18; tr to 10FA Apl9. BAKER, JOHN, 18, New Orleans: b La; tr f rom Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry E 151FA 30JI18; pvt; cas from 28Apl9. BAKER, MORRIS T., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B llAgl7 Ft Snellin t18 t Hdrilio llJal7, to Btry B 135i8' oorl 1 17pvt13JI18; tr to HdqTrp SAC 24Oct18. BAKKEN, NELS, 19, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry A 19Ap17 St Paul; pvt; retd to U S 19N18; dishon disch 29N19. BALDO, EDWARD, 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to HdqCo 151FA 3S18; hs 7S18; disch 13M-y19. BALDWIN, CHARLIE G., 22, Arden, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry E 151FA; pvt; disch 21Myl9. BALDWIN, SYLVESTER 5., 25, Woolrich, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry F 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BALL, EDMUND A., 23, Muncie, Ind.: b Ind; tr as 2d It from Hdq 67FABrig to Btry D 151FA 15S17; tr to ll7AmTn 1OF18. BALL, EDWARD T., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 25JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 28Oct18; disch lOMyl9. BALLENTINE, WILLIAM E., 30, Clarksburg, W. Va.: b W Va; comsd 1st It 15Ag17 and assnd to 151iFA; tr to 42MPCo l7Jal9. BALLINGER, HARVEY, 24, Wichita, Kans.: b Ill; tr from FARD to Btry F 151FA 10JI18; pvt; tr to l4lInf l5jal9. BALLOU, RALPIH A., 22, Minneapolis: b Okla; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA(severely) 15J118; disch 12Miyl9. BAMBERGER, ALLEN R., 23, Lebanon, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. BARBER, DARREL L., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 13Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 1 J117, pvt lc 25JI17, sgt 6Agl8; WA 7Mr18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. -BARBER, HAROLD M., 22, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry D 13Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 25JI17; died 5N17. BARBER, HUGH H., 23, Minneapolis: b Fairmont; comsd capt 28Ap17 and assand to Btry D; WA 8MIr18 and (severely) 15J118; retd to U S 24Jal9; disch 24Mr19 Ft Snelling. Cited in RO 12Mr18 and 21J118. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. BARBER, NELSON C., 22, Minneapolis: b Heron Lake; enl Btry E 2JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; retd to U S 3M~r19; discb 5Apl9. BARKER, BERYL M., 20, Minneapolis: b Chaska; enl Btry F 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA(severely) 15J118; retd to U S 5Jal9; disch 3F19. BARKER, CARL, 25, Burnsville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 13D18 and assnd to HdqCo 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. BARKOFF, FRANK, 26, St. Paul: b Canada; enl Btry C 23Je16 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 15S17; pvt lc 7Jel8; retd to U S 14F19; disch 1IMrl9. BARNES, ALBERT, 18, Terry, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry F 151FA 19JI18; pvt lc 10D18; disch 13Myl9. BARNES, HAROLD H., 23, Marshall: b Marshall; enl Btry E lIlApi 7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 10D18; disch IOMyl9. BARNES, HENRY, 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry E lAgl7 Minneapolis; pvt; WA IOMr18; disch 1OMyl9. BARNES, JERRY, 27, Minneapolis: b N D;,enl Btry B 28Je17 Minneapolis; sgt 1S17, mess sgt 14N17, pvt 4Myl8; disch 15Myl9. BARNES, JESSE L., 21, Alpha: b Iowa; enl Btry B lAgl6 FtSnelling; sgt lOJI17; WA 26Oct18; retd to U S lMrl9; disch 2OMrl 9. BARNES, JOHN L., 29, Little Falls, W. Va.: b W Va; tr f rom 147FA to Btry C 151FA 6Apl8; pvt lc 19N18; WA 15J118; disch 8M'yl9. BARNES, ROBERT W,, 20, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 2lApl7, sgt 30Ag17; disch 9JI18 to acc com. BARNES. THOMAS F., 20, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17, corpl l0jal8, sgt IlMyl8, 1st sgt 1S18; tr to Saumur ArtSch 25Oct18. Cited in RO lApl8. BARNET, CHARLES A., 30, Middletown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 15.iFA 26D18; pvt; disch 3M'yl9. BAROUSSE, LOUIS, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. BARRETT, LEO P., 29, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry F 19je17 Minneapolis; ROSTER 349 corpl 19S17, pvt 15Ja18, corpl I2Jel8, sgt 6MrI9; disch 1OMyl9. BARRS, GROVER E., 26, Dowling Park, Fla.: b Fla; tr from FARepilReg to HdqCo 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 14My19. BARRY, JOSEPH R., 21, Framingham, Mass.: b Mass; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 25AgI7; corpi. 15Ja18; disch 7My19. BASKIN, LOUIS H., 21, St. Paul: b Russia; eni Btry C 21Ap17 St Paul; bglr 25ApI7, pvt 1J118; disch 1OMy19. BATTON, ALFRED A., 24, Sand Fork, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry C 15IFA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 9My19. BATZEL, CLAUDE, 27, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry F 2Je17 Minneapol1is; corp1 30NI18, sgt 1D18; disch IOMyl9. BAUERS, ELMER 19, Faribault: b Morristown; e'nl Btry i~ 18Ap17 St Paul; tr to SupCo 15S17; wagr 19S17; disch 10MyI9. BAWDEN, CLAYTON G., 29, Bonair, Iowa: b Ill; enl Btry C. 24JI17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 15N17; tr to 42MPCo 3D18. BAXTER, FRED, 24, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry B 8Ag16 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo 22AgI6, to Btry C 2JI18; wagr 27Ag17, corpl 12D17, 1st sgt 24Ja18, pvt 11ApI8, wagr 21ApI8, pvt 1JI18; disch 5My19. BEACH, GEORGE L., 23, Wayzata: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 7JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt; entered OTC Ft Snelling I0Ap17; disch 14Ag17 to acc corn. BEAHEN, JAMES, 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry F 23JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch IOMyl9. BEAHEN, THOMAS P., 18, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btr F 26Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 8My18; pvt; retd to U S 2JI19; disch 11JI19. BEATY, ARTHUR A., 25, Minneapolis: b Anoka; enl Btr D 4Je17 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo 18S17; wagr 19S17; disch 10MYl9. BEAUDREAU, PHILIP F., 23, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry D 15Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA I3Mr18; tr to 3071nf 29JaI9. BEAUMAN, DONALD D., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0MyI9. BEAUPRE, CHARLES, 29, White Earth: b White Earth; enl Btry B 22Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry E 2JI17, to SupCo- pvt sdlr; tr to 3OlBn Tank Corps. (killed in action 8Oct18.) BECK, ARTHUR H., 23, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 25JI17; WA about lOMrI8; disch 10Myl9. BECK, JOHN F., 25, Reading Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FA1Brig 15N18 and assnd to Btry B ISIFA 11D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BECK, RASMUS B., 31, Duluth: b Denmark; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25AgI7, to Btry C 28Mr18; corpl 25Ag17, pvt lApi8, pvt Ic I1Ap18, corpl 30SI8; WA(severely) 23JI18 and 27Oct18; disch 1OMyI9. BECKER, CHARLES, 19, Minneapolis: b Belle Plaine; enl Btry D l6Ap17 Minneap olis; pvt IC 3D17; WA 27JI18; disch lOMyl9. BECKER, FREDERICK W., 19, Watkins: h Watkins; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA I8Ag17; wagr 29Ag17; disch lOMyl9. BECKER, JOHN P., 23, Minneapolis: b Belle Plaine; enl Btry D 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 25J117, ck 14S17; tr to FHosp 165 117SnTn 31Jal9, to Btry D I5IFA 8F19; disch lOMyI9. BECKER, NICHOLAS, 23, White Bear: b White Bear; enl Btry C 21Je16 St Paul; pvt IC 2D16; WA(severely) 27M~yl8 and llAgl8; retd to U S 18Ja19; disch 15F19. BECKLUND, ERNEST E., 21, Milaca: b Minneapolis; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25AgI7; pvt; WA 31Oct18; disch lOMyl9. BECKMAN, ERNEST H., 20, V\irginia: b Virginia; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 1S17, corpl, 1Ja18; tr tG Cp Jackson FARD 12SI8. BEDNAR, JOHN A., 25, New Prague: b Austria; enl Btry C 13Apl7 St Paul; corpl 30My18, pvt 1Agl8; WA 6Mr18; disch 9M~y19. Cited in RO 12MT18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. BEEGLE, WILLIAM J., Proctor, W. Va.: b WV Va; tr from 147FA to Btry D 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. BEHAN, ROBERT, 28, Oshkosh, Wis.: b Beaver; enl Btry A 12Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch phys dis 13JI18. BEHLER, JOHN J., 25, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BEHM, FRANK, 28, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI SupCo 7Je17 Minneapolis; wagr, mech 28Ag17, hs 21M~r18; disch lOMyl9. BEHME, WILMAR A., 19, Brainerd: h Brainerd; enl Btry F 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. BEICCO, DOMINICK, 26, Bethlehem, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 15N18 and assnd to Btry B 151FA 11D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BEILFUSS, HERMAN E., 24, Albion, Mich.: b Mich; tr from 6CasCo Cp Hill to HdqCo 151IFA 19S18; pvt; disch 6MyI9. BEINHORN, WILLIAM PAUL, 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl HdqCo 20Ag17 Ft Snelling; corpl 1N17, sgt 4JeI8; tr to Btry C 28F19; disch lOMyl9. BEKAERT, ENGELBERT, 33, Marshall: b Belgium; enl Btry A 6Je17 St Paul; pvt; des 28Ag1 7 Ft Snelling. BELL, JOHN F., 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt IC 1D18; tr to 42M1'Co 12D18. BELLANGER, CLEM H., 27, Onigum: b Onigum; enl Btry D 6J116 Mfinneapolis; pvt IC 25JI17, pvt 16N18; overseas 18F18 to 26ApI9; disch IOM~yl9. BELTZ, CLEVE A., 23, Minneapolis: b Alexandria; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1D16, corpl '10J117, sgt 7Agl8; WA 6MrI8; disch 10Myl 9. 350 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY -BENJAMIN, GEORGE, 23, Marshall: b Ill; eni Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; pvt 1c; accidentally killed 24ja18. BENKERT, WILLIAM J., 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BENNANE, STEPHEN, 19, Minneapolis: h Mich; enl Btry F 31Mr17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. BENNETT, ALBERT R., 21, Burtrum: b Burtrum; enl Btry B 15Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 21My18; disch lOMyl9. BENNSKY, GEORGE, 21, Minneapolis: b Austria-Hungary; enl Btry F 7Je1 7 Minneapolis; pvt 1c lMyl8; WA ahout 18JI18; retd to U S 9S18; disch s c d 5Ap20. BENSON, CHARLES J., 23, Duluth: b Duluth; enl Btry F 24Mr17 Minneapolis; corpi 7Ap17, pvt 30N17; WA(severely) 15J118; disch 10Myl9. BENSON, CLARENCE M., 23, Dawson: b Dawson; enj Btry D 24M'yl7 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 25JI17, corpl 8Ag18; disch 10My19. BENSON, HAROLD P., 24, St. Paul: h St Paul; enl Btry C 26Je16 St Paul; corpl 1Ja17; tr to l0lAmTn 12Ap18. BENSON, HARRY H., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c IS17; WA 28J118; disch 22M~yl9. BENSON, MERREL 5., 25, Philadelphia: b N C; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 11D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BERENDS, CLARENCE W., 33, Glencoe: b Wis; enl Btry B 21Je17 St Paul; corpl 31JI18; tr to HdqCo 16Ag18; retd to U S 24D18; disch 24F19. BERG, ELM-ER W.,- 29, Minneapolis: b Rice Co; comsd 1st It MC 30Je17 and assnd to VC; WA(severely) 28JI18; disch 27Myl9 Cp Dodge. BERGER, ANDREW A., JR., 35, Lanesboro: b Lanesboro; enl Btry D 7Agl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic IM-y18, corpl 7Mr19; overseas 8F18 to 26Ap19; disch 10My19. BERGERON, ALFRED 3., 25, Minneapolis: b Mich; enl Btry F 30Je17 Ft Snelling; corpl 19Ag17, sgt 20N17; WA Lorraine, Chateau-Thierry, and St. Mihiel; retd to U S 16D18; disch 16Ja19. BERGSTROM, ARTHUR G., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 9JI17 Ft Snelling; 1st sgt; disch 15M~y18 to acc corn. BERGSTROM, EDWARD 5., 25, Minneap-,olis: b New York Mills; enl Btry E 5Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OM'y19. BERIOU, EUGENE, 36, Minneapolis: b Canada; enl Btry D 20Ap17 Minneapolis; ck 24Je17, pvt 17Mr18; tr to 306MGBn 17Mr19. BERNARD, ENO J., 27, Thibodaux, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to 42Div 19JI18 and assnd to Btry E 151FA 31J118; pvt; disch 13M'y19. BERNTHAL, ALFRED G. J., 29, St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry A 18Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch phys dis 5S17. BERRY, ERNEST, 26, North Acton, Mass.: b Canada; tr from 504Engrs to HdqCo 151FA 16Apl8; pvt Ic lAgl8; disch 14My19. BESSETTE, LEON, 20, New Bedford, Mass.: b Mass; tr from 344FA to Btry D 151FA 28S18; pvt; disch 7My19. BETKER, CHRIS J., 20, Hutchinson: b Collins; enl Btry C 14Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt 1c, 15N17, ck 1D17, pvt 25Ag18, corpl 1S18, sgt 1Oct18, mess sgt 18N18; disch 1OMy19. BIASI, JOSEPH, 22, Wilkes-Barre, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3M'yl9. BIEGLER, ERNEST P., 19, Minneapolis: b Buffalo; enl Btry D 16F16 Minneapolis; corpl 17AgI7, sgt 19Oct18; WA 7Mr18; tr to FARepIRegt 25N18. Cited in RO 12Mr18. BIMER, MAHLON C., 22, St. Paul: b Ohio; enl Btry B 24JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 13118; WA(severely) 28Oct18; disch 8My19. BIRD, MARK, 22, Bonair, Iowa: b Iowa; enl Btry C 19Je17 St Paul; pvt 1c 20S17, corpl 13F18, sgt 1D18; disch 15M'yl9. BITZ, LEO E., 20, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry A 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c. d 5S17. BLACK, RALPH T., 27, Caharrus, N. C.: h N C; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 17N18; pvt; disch 13My19. BLACKFORD, ALBERT E., 29, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry D 263117 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 24Mr18; pvt ic 3D17, corpl 15Mr18, regtl sgt 19M'y18; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch MAm9 BLACKMER, RAY C., 19, LeRoy: b LeRoy; enl HdqCo 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA S18; retd to U S 25Ja19; disch 3Mr19. BLACKWELL, EDWARD L., 27, M'inneapolis: b Penn; enl Btry F 19Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 123117, sgt, pvt lAp18; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. BLAIR, JOHN H., 29, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3M'yl9. BLAIR, WILLIAM L., 22, S. St. Paul: b S St Paul; enl Btry C 19Je16 St Paul; corpl 18J117, sgt 13F18; retd to U S 16Je19; disch 25Je19. BLAIS, LAWRENCE G., 19, Dayton: b Dayton; enl Btry A 8Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. BLAKE, CLARENCE 3., 23, Minneapolis: b Minn; enl Btry E 19Je16; col sgt; tr to OTC Ft Snelling My17; disch 15Ag17 to acc corn. BLAKE, JOHN V., 24, Clifton Heights, Penn.: b Penn; tr from Cp Jackson JIARD to Btry A 151FA 30Oct18; corpl; disch 28Mr19. BLAKE, WILLIAM' F., 25, New Bethlehem, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. BLANK, JOSEPH A., 29, Grassy Butte, N. D.: h N D; tr from 335FA to Btry B 151FA 12Je18; pvt; disch lOMy19. BLATTLER, JAMES, 22, Wheeling, W. Va.: h W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8My19. BLEWITT. EDGAR 5., 29, Hazleton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. ROSTER 351 BLOOM, FREDERICK W., 25, Fillmore County: b Ill; eni SupCo 4JI17 Ft Snelling; hs 12J117, pvt 12Apl8, wagr 1Je18; retd to U S 22My19; disch 25Jel9. *BLOOMSTER, FRED H., 25, Smethport, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; died 2lMr19. BLOSSEY, GEORGE A., 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 16Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 27Ag17. BLOSSOM, FRANK E., 25, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 3Je17 St Paul; mech 1S17; WA 17M'r18 and 7Agl8; retd to U S 17D18; disch 2OJal9. Cited in RO 19Mrl8. BOATMAN, ASA E., 25, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 21JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic lOAgI8, mech 16N18; WA 9M~rl8; disch 1OM'y19. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. BODEN, CECIL, 25, Doland, S. D.: b S D; enl Btry E 20Je17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C 9Ag17; pvt Ic 15N17, corp 5Oct18; WA 27My18; disch 1OMy19. BODINE, ELMER C., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A lAgl7 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 8Apl8; pvt Ic 19S17, corpl 8Apl8; WA(severely) 30JI18; retd to U S 7Ap19; disch 22Apl9. BODTKE, PAUL F., 22, Minneapolis: b Mich; enl Btry E 2lAp17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 3N18; disch 1O9y1.9. BOESCH, WILLIAM D., 28, Dillsburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. BOFFERDING, FREEMAN A., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 20JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch lOMyl9. BOLENSKI, JOHN, 24, Philadelphia: b Russia; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. BOLLINGER, FRANK E., 22, M't. Pleasant Mills, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. BOLTMAN, CLIFFORD H., 18, St. Paul: b Faribault; enl Btry C 19Je16 St Paul; pvt 1c. 16JI117, corpl 25S17; tr to lS3DepBrig 5Agl8. BONGARD, SAMUEL P., 24, S. St. Paul: b Annandale; enl Btry B 27JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 15S17; pvt; disch 19My19. BONHAM, GEORGE L., 24, Bridgeton, N. J.: b Minn; enl Btry D 18JI16 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 23Je17; corpl 1N17, sgt 12Myl8; disch 4My19. Cited in RO 18N18. BONNER, LEONARD F., 19, Jackson, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauiregard ARD to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; WA 29JI18; disch 13My19. BONOMO0, JOSEPH, 22, Woodlawn, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 323FA to Btry F 151FA 22S18; wagr; disch 3Myl9. BONZYK, JOHN 5., 21, Minneapolis: b Mo; enl Btry D 24Jel6 Minneapolis; pvt ic; disch 1OMy19. *BOOMA, FRANK, 25, Portsmouth, N. H.: b N H; tr as 2d It from Saumnur ArtSch to 151FA 1Ja18; killed in action 15JI18. BORCHART, HENRY F., 23, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from. 314FA to Btry D 151FA 8Ap18; pvt 1c 16N18; disch 8My19. BORDER, CECIL 5., 31, Petroleum, W. Vs.: b W Va; tr from ll 7AmTn to Btry C 151FA 25D18; pvt; disch 8M'yl9. BORKENHAGEN, ARTHUR K., 24, Hutchinson: h Hutchinson; enl Btry C 19Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt Ic 20S17, corpl lAgl8; WA 26JI18; disch 1OMyl9. BORSETH, WALTER G., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 21Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1F19; tr to 226MPCo 6Mrl9. BORTLE, LAWRENCE, 34, Minneapolis: b Wis; tr from lInf MNG to Btry E 151FA; corpl 18JI17, mess sgt 25S17, pvt 26D17,1 mess sgt 15N18; disch lOMyl9. BORY, BENJAMIN L. 22 Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry D 291VYiy7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 16N18; disch lOMyl9. BOSTOSCE, JOSEPH L., 27, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry A 19JI16 St Paul; sdlr lAg16, pvt 10Jel8, pvt 1c ID18, pvt 7Mr19; disch lOMy19. BOTHUM, HARDY L., 19, Thief River Falls: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 25Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. BOUNDS, CLYDE T., 22, Wheeling, W. Va.: h W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 14N18; pvt Ic; disch 8My19. BOUNDS, WILLIAM A., 27, Wheeling, W. Vs.: b W Va; tr f rom 314FA to 67FABrig 15N18 and assnd to Btry E 151FA 13D18; pvt 1c; disch 8My19. BOURGOIN, HAROLD 5., 19, Flint, Mich.: b Ill; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17, to SupCo 18S17; wagr 19S17, corpl 12JI18, sgt 4S18, mess sgt 7S18; disch 6My19. BOWEN, ROY L., 26, Looneyville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 8My19. BOWERS, CHARLES F., 20, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry B 29Agl7 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 26Mr18, pvt 4Oct18; WA 15M~rl8; disch 1OMyl9. BOYD, CHARLES J., 23, Minneapolis: b Penn; enl Btry E 29je17 Minneapolis; hs 18JI17; tr to FAReplRegt DepDiv 7Mr18. BOYER, MAURICE, 19, Cloquet: b Mich; tr from 3Inf MiNG to H dqCo 151FA 24Agl7; corpl 13JI18; disch 1OMy19. BOYER, ROBERT G., 22, St. Paul: b Clinton; enl Btry A 15Apl7 St Paul; pvt Ic 10N17, mech 1D18; WA 12S18; retd to U S 3My19; disch 13My19. BOYLE, CONNIE, 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to HdqCo 151FA 18J118; pvt; WA 16Oct18; retd to U S 9Mrl9; disch 22Mr19. BRABEC, CLARENCE R., 18, Minneapolis: b Waverly; enl Btry A lAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 13JI17, pvt 1Oct18, pvt Ic 1D18, pvt 7Mr19; disch lOMjyl9. BRABEC, WALTER F., 23, Waverly: b Waverly; enl Btry F 24J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch s c d 27Agl8. BRACHMAN, JOHN J., 28, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry F 25JI17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1Jel8; disch lOMy19. 352 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY BRADDY, HARRY J., 18, Minneapolis: b Ill; eni Btry D 16Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to) HdqCo 18S17; pvt; disch lOMyl9. BRADFIELD, PERRY C 24 Big Lake: b Iowa; enI Btry D 28M'y17 'Minneapolis; pvt; WA 7Mr18 and(severely) 24Oct18; retd to U S 14N18; disch s c d 13Myl9. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. BRADLEY, CHARLES J., 34, St. Louis Park: b Norwood; comsd 2d It 23Je17 and assnd to Btry F; tr to HdciCo; prom lat It 18SI7, capt 12Agl8; disch 24My19 Cp Dodge. Twice cited in army orders. BRADLEY, FRANCIS J., 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 15N18 and assnd to Btry F 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 3My19. BRADLEY, GEORGE H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry E 2Apl6 Ft Snelling; corpi 28Jel7, sgt 9Agl7, pvt lAgl8, corpi 17S18,I pvt 8D18, ck 10D 18; WA 7Mr18 and 8Ag18; disch 20My19. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. BRADLEY, JAMES T., 18, Lonsdale, R. I.: b R I; tr from 6FA to 67FABrig and assnd to Btry B 151FA 30D17; pvt lc l6Jal9; disch 3MyI9. BRAND, WALTER, 21, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to HdqCo 151FA 19JI18; hs 1N18; disch 13 My19. BRANDENBURG, WILLIAM, F., 23, St. Paul: b Wis; en Btry B 7Je17 St Paul; sgt 23Agl7, sup sgt 26Agl7, sgt 12D18; WA 17Mr18 and 27JI18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 2OMr18 and in DO llJel8. Awarded Croix de Guerre. BRANDT, JOHN R., 19, Minneapolis: b Germany; enI Btry F 11Apl7 Minneapolis; mech J117, c mech 1JI18, mech 10D18; disch 1OMyI9. BRANT, LLOYD W., 21, Minneapolis: b St James; enI Btry E 12Oct17 Cp Mills; pvt lc 20Ja18; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 19Ap19. BRANT, WILLARD L., 19, Minneapolis: b Heron Lake; enI Btry E 15Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. BRAWLEY, JAMES J. 24, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. BREEN, HAROLD G., 18, Waseca: b Waseca; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry E 151FA 19S17; pvt; retd to U S 28F19; disch 26Mrl9. BREIMO, NELS M., 23, St. Paul: b N D; enI HdqCo 17J117 Ft Snelling; corpI 11S17, bn sgt maj 3NI7, regtl sgt maj 13D17; disch 12MyI9. BRENNA, KNUTE, 26, Ledgerwood, N. D.: b Iowa; eni Btry A 2Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt; retd to U S 20Ja.19; disch a c d 5Jel9. BRENNAN, LEO, 22, Proctor: b Penn; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; retd to U S 2Myl9; disch 24MyI9. BRENNAN, WILLIAM- J., 20, Jersey City: b N J; tr from FARepIRegt to HdqCo 15iFA IN18, to Btry E 26Mr19; corpl 8JI18, pvt IN18; disch 3My19. BRIGGS, GEORGE, 23, Bristol, Conn.: b Col; comsd 2d It 10JI18 and assnd to 151FA; WA 16Oct18; cas from 31Oct18. BRIGHT, JAMES, 26, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry D 20Jel6 Minneapolis; corpi, IF17, sgt 7Mr19; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch lOMyl9. BRINKMAN, CHAUNCEY, 20, New York: b N J; tr from 25RecrCo GenSvlnf Ft Slocum to Btry F 151FA 30Agl7; pvt ic, pvt 11D17; disch 8M~yl9. BRISSON, LAURENCE R., 19, Virginia: b St Cloud; enI Btry B 27Je17 St Paul; pvt lc 1S17; WA 29My18 (severely) and 22O-ct18; retd to U S 7Apl9; disch 22Apl9. BRITTON, FRANK C., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry D 21Je16 Minneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17, pvt 1JIlS; retd to U S 7Apl9; disch 22ApI9. BRITTON, HARRY R., 30, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl SupCo 26JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 3N19. BROCKENBROUGH, HENRY W., 25, Lafayette, Ind.: b Ind; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry B 151FA lJal8; cas from 29ApI9. BRODT, GEORGE P., 24, Farmington: b St Paul; enl Btry F 19Ap17 Minneapolis; bglr 9N17; tr to 59Engrs 3Je18. BROGAN, THOM-AS J., 22, Omaha: b Kans; tr as 2d It from 127FA to 151FA 11S18; disch 3Jel9. BROOKE, FREDERICK W., JR., 25, Minneapolis: b Canada; enl Btry F 23Je17 Minneapolis; corpi, 23Jel7; disch lOMy19. BROOKS, CLAUDE B., 25, Columbus, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 9J118; pvt; retd to U S 15Myl9; disch 27Jel9. BROOKS, LOREN R., 29, Minneapolis: b Renville; tr as maj from 126FA to 151FA 30N18; tr to 343FA. BROW, WILLIAM, 27, Swanton, Vt.: b Vt; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 7Myl9. BROWN, DON, 22, Malad, Idaho: b Idaho; enI Btry D 20Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo; pvt; disch s c d 17Oct17. BROWN, EDWARD M., 21, Minneapolis: b N Y; enI 8Ap14 and assnd to HdqCo; corpl, sgt, 1st sgt, col sgt; comsd 2d It 3Myl8; disch 1My19 Cp Devens. BROWN, ELLIS A., 27, Craigsville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from FARDiv AEF to Btry F 151FA 6Ap18; ck; disch 8My19. BROWN, FRANK, 29, Oakland, Cal.: b Ind; tr as 2d It from RA to 67FABrig 10JI18 and assnd to 151FA 21JI18; tr to 77FA 8Apl9. BROWN, HAROLD C., 22, Minneapolis: b Vt; enl Btry A 13J117 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry F 28JI17; corpl 20N17; disch lOMyl9. BROWN, JOHN C.., 22, Red Wing: b Wis; tr from 3Inf MNG td Hdq o 151FA 25Agl7; pvt lc lAgl7, pvt 25Agl7, pvt lc lAgl8; WA 24S18; disch 10My19. BROWN, STANLEY F., 23, Murrayvaville, Penn.: b Penn; tr f rom 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. BROWN, TROY M., 19, Gallman, Miss.: b Miss; tr from FARepIRegt AEF to HdqCo 151FA 2N18; pvt lc; retd to U S 7F19; disch 14Mrl9. ROSTER 353 BROWN, WILLIAM L., 23, Franklin, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 10Jl18; corpl. 13N18; disch 10MY19. BROWNING, CHARLES A., 31, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry B 26JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 9Ap18; pvt ic 1D17, pvt.6Apl8, corpl 13J118, sgt 1518, bn sgt maj 4S18; disch 10My19. BRUNO, FRANK, 22, Minneapolis: b Italy; enI HdqCo 5Je17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C; pvt IC 11Ap18; WA 29JI18; disch l0My19. BUBER, FELIX, 24, Minersville, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. BUCK, CARPENTER F., 20, Winona: b Winona; enl MC 5Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 21S18; disch 7My19. Cited in RO lApl8 and in DO 10Je18. BUCK, ROGER L., 18, Winona: b Winona; enl MC 12Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 12S16, pvt 3Oct17; WA IN18; disch lOMyl9. BUCKLEY, JAMES J., 22, Medford, Mass.: b Mass; tr from 13Cav to Btry F 151FA 25Ag17; corpl; tr to FARepIRegt 4lDiv 7MrI8. *BUCKLEY, WALTER H., 24, Minneapolis: b Delano; enI Btry E 24N15 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C 28F 17, to Btry E; corpl, pvt 23D16, corpl. 28Ja17; accidentally killed 24Ja18. BUCKWELL, GEORGE D., 23, Cleveland, Ohio: b Tenn; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA IJa18; to FABrig FirCen 9My18. BUDNICK, ANTON A., 21, Minneapolis: b Ivanhoe; eni Btry D 20Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. BUNGER, HAROLD A., 21, Minneapolis: b Ohio; enl Btry F 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl, 19Ag17; disch 1OMy19. BUNIMOVITZ, HAIMAN J., 24, Carbondale, Penn.: b Russia; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt ic; disch 3MyI9. BURGESS, WALTER, 26, Pitbranch, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry C 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 9My19. BURGETT, SYRPHENE E., 32, St. Paul: b Wis; enI Btry C 19Je16 St Paul; pvt ic IJa17, mech 8Ap18; disch 10My19. BURKE., ROBERT E., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 1D15 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 15S17; corpi. 22S18; WA(severely) 17J118; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 22Ap19. BURLING, ROBERT A., 21, Sisters, Ore.: b Ore; tr from 163Inf to Btry B 151FA 8MyI8; pvt; disch I6My19. BURNETT, ALBERT E., 21, Peckville, Penn.: b England; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3M'yI9. BURNETT, CHESTER A., 26, Wells: b Ky; eni Btry B 4Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 26Mr18, ck 18S18; disch 15My19. BURNETT, STEPHEN W., 28, Spartanburg, S. C.: b N C; tr from FAReplRegt to upCo 151FA 6N18; wagr ID18; disch 14MY19. BURNS, ARTHUR J., 27, South Bend, Ind.: b Ind; tr from 1371nf to HdqCo I5lFA IN18; pvt; disch 8My19. BURNS, EUGENE -A., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 15Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic; disch 8Ag17 acct dependent relatives. BURNS, GEORGE C., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 21Mr16 Minneapolis sg 14JI17, pvt lOApl8; tr to Art~chsgMyl8. BURNS, JOHN T., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry A 20JI16 Ft Snelling; corpl 12JI17, sgt 13N17; disch lOM~yl9. BURR, WILLIAM L., 31, St. Clair, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 31My19. BURRILL, DOUGLAS G., 27, Minneapolis: b Canada; comsd 1st It 24Je17 and assnd to Btry D; prom capt 29My18, maj I6Mr19; disch 2Je19 Cp Dodge. BURT, MILTON 5., 22, Passaic, N. J: b N Y; tr from 117FSBn to Btry A 151FA 30Ap18; bglr; tr to 328MGBn 5F19. BURTON, CHARLES M., 25, Grand Meadow: b Grand Meadow; tr from l7Engrs (Ry) to Btry B 151FA 14F18; pvt IC S18; overseas 28JI17 to 18N18; disch 3F19. BURTON, HARLEY A., 24, St. Paul: b N Y; eni Btry B 16J116 St Paul; mus, pvt 10JI17, sgt, 1st sgt 20Je18; disch 27My1 9. BUSH, FRANK, 38, St. Paul: b Russia; enl SupCo 22Je17 St Paul; wagr 13JI17, sdlr 19S17; disch 7My19. BUSONI, FELIX, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA lAgI8; pvt; retd to U S 3MTr19; disch 26Ap19. BUSS, CHESTER H., 21, Park Rapids: b Ill; enl Btry D 26Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 3D17, pvt 18D17, corpl. 8Ag18; tr to 146Inf 25N18. BUSSIERE, JOSEPH E., 24, St. Paul: b Stillwater; enI Btry C 28Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC, pvt; disch 22Agl7 acct dependent relatives. BUTERBAUGH, PERCY 0 23 Nebraska City, Nebr.: b Nebr; tr from FVAReplRegt to Btry A 151FA 5ApI8; pvt IC 1OJel8, corpi 18N18; disch I0My19. BUZAN, HARRY, 23, Philadelphia: b England; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14NI8 and assnd to HdqCo 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. BYERS, JOHN L., 21, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry F 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA(severely) 15JI18; retd to. U S 3Ap19; disch 20My19. BYRNE, EUGENE, 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 21Je16 St Paul; corpl. lAg17, sgt 1JI18; disch lOM~y19. C CADMAN, BERNARD J, 32, Baker, Mont.: b Wis; eni, Btry C 151FA 3S17 Ft Snelling; bglr 15N17, pvt; tr to l6Inf I3My18. Enlisted and served as Harry LaRue. CADWELL, HARRY W., 20, St. Paul: b Stillwater; enl Btry B 16Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry A 11Ja18, to HdqCo 8ApI8; corpl. 1N17, pvt 6ApI8, corpl 1S18; WA 10Oct18; retd to US 3Ag19; dischI13Ag19. Cited in RO 19AgI8. CAHILL, VINCENT D., 19, Duluth: b Duluth; enl Btry E 16Je17 Minneapolis; 354 HISTORY OF THE 1,51ST FIELD ARTILLERY pvt; WA 9Mrl8; retd to U S 24Mr19; disch l1Apl9. CALDW'ELL, ALFRED E., 22, Labaddie, Mo.: b Mo; tr from FARepIRegt to 151FA 14Je18 and assnd to Btry E 21J1l8; pvt; disch 6My19. CALDWELL, JOSEPH A., 27, St. Paul: b Wis; comasd 2d It 6Je17 and assnd to Btry C; prom 1st It 1S17; WA 6Ag18; tr to 27FA 20S18. CALDWELL, PORTER, 24, Brundidge, Ala.: b Ala; tr f rom Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21J118; pvt; WA 11Oct18; retd to U S 19Ja19; disch 10F19. CALKINS, GEORGE A., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry B 1Je17 St Paul; pvt; diach 13Ag17. CALLAHAN, JOHN L., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1J117, corpl 26M'rl8, sgt 9Oct18; tr to 36SvCo SC 28F19. CALLAN, PETER A., 26, Minneapolis: b Greece; enI Btry A lJel7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1D18; disch I0My19. CALVERT, WILLIAM, 22, Anderson Co., S. C.: b S C.; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; diach 14My19. CAMERON, ROY A., 24, Sauk Rapids: b Sauk Rapids; enI Btry D 3OMy17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 14Agl7. CAMP, HARRY E., 25, Pennock: b Iowa; enl Btry C 11JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 20S17; retd to U S 11F19; disch lMrl9. CAMPBELL, GALEN S., Randall: b Ohio; enI Btry B 16Je17 St Paul; pvt; diach s c d 17Oct17. CAMPBELL, HARLAND A., 27, Shenandoah, Iowa: b Mo; enl Btry A 30Ag16 Ft Snelling- ck llJal8, pvt 6Myl8; retd to U S 29gi9; disch 16Oct19. CAMPBELL, RAYMOND R., 25, Minneapolis: b Detroit; enI Btry D 8D15 Minneapolis; tr to Btry F 14Jel7; sgt 22Je17; overseas 8MTr18 to 25Ap19; disch l8My19. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM E., 27, Uniontown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM L., 35, St. Paul: b Litchfield; enI Btry C 24Je17 St Paul; corpl. lAgl7, sgt 26S17, sup sgt 6N17; WA about 30S18; disch 10My19. CAMPSEN, HAROLD J., 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry F 151FA 2Ag18; pvt; retd to U S 21F19; disch 3Mrl9. CANNON, HERMAN, 28, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enI Btry B 19Je17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c, 1S17, corpI 17Mr18, sgt 1S18; WA(severely) 26My and 27Oct18; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch llApl9. Cited in RO 2IJ118. CANUTE, RAY B., 24, Minneapolis: h Mich; enI HdqCo 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpI 25JI17, sgt lN17; disch 10My19. CARCIONE, FRANK P., 28, Wheeling, W. Va.: b Italy; tr from 147FA to Btry F 151FA 6ApI8; pvt; disch 9My19. CAREY, FLOYD W., 21, Shell Lake, Wis.: b Wis; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 21My18; p t; retd to U S 21Je19; disch s c, d 1 8Jf119;. CARLQUIST, GUNNARD, 23, Tioga, N.DW: b Sweden; tr from FARD to Btry D 151FA 10J118; pvt; disch l0Myl9. CARLSON, ART 22, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry D llAp17; pvt lc, corpl l5Agi8; overseas 10Je18 to 23J119; disch 20Agl9. CARLSON, BERGER, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 11Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; retd to U S 16Agl8; disch s c d 17Oct19. CARLSON, CARL, 18, Minneapolis: b Mich; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; wagr 29Agl7; WA(severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S 9Jal9; disch a c d 22My19. CARLSON, CARL C., 19, Pelican Rapids: b Pelican Rapids; enl Btry F 25Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic lApl8; disch lOMyl9. CARLSON, CHARLES W., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 29Je17 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo 18S17, to Btry E 147FA 9Apl8, to SupCo 151FA 21My18; wagr 19S17, ck 1JI18; overseas 4Mr18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. CARLSON, ELMER E., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 25Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. CARLSON, GROVER, Dawson: b Dawson; enl Btry D 24My17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 3D17, pvt 18D 17, corpl 1JI18; WA 13Mr18; disch 1OMy19. Cited in RO 12Mr18 and in DO llJel8. CARLSON, OSCAR W., 2 0, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 2lAp17 Minneapolis; corpl, lApl8; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 19Ag18. CARLSON, PAUL C., 27, St. Paul: h St Paul; enl Btry A 30Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1D18; WA Oct18; disch 24MYl19. CARN, SAMUEL W., 22, Philadelphia: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. CARNER, WILLIAM E., Emlenton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry C 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. CARON, OCTAVE, 24, Cloquet: b Cloquet; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17; pvt lc 27JI17, corpl. 11S17, pvt 10Ja18, sdlr lljal8; disch lOMy19. CARPENTER, ALBERT W., 20, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; eni Btry C 24Je16 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 8Ap18; pvt; disch 10My19. CARRIER, ADOLPH E., 31, Robbinsdale: h Mich; enl Btry A 26JI17 Ft Snelling; bglr 12F18; disch lOMyl9. CARROLL, LEROY, 24, Sturgeon Lake: b Iowa; enl Btry F 4Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lJal8; retd to U S 22Jel9; disch 14JI119. CARSON, JAMES J., 28, Pipestone: b Pipestone; enl Btry A 25JI17 Minneapolis; Corpl 20N17; WA 5Agl8(severely) and 28Oct8; retd to U S 26Mr19; disch 15SApl9. CARTER, BERT R., 26, Indianapolis: h Ind; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17, to Btry B 9S17; pvt; retd to U S 21Oct18; disch a c d 4Ja19. CASE, JULIUS L., 28, Richmond Hill, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 117FSBn to ROSTER 355 Btry C 151FA 30ApI8; pvt; retd to U S 31D18; disch 15Ja19. CASEY, MATT, 32, Minneapolis: b Graceyulle; enI Btry A 12A g16 Ft Snelling; pvt ic. 13J117, ck 12My18, pvt lAg18, ck 6N18; disch 30Je19. CASTER, JOE, 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry B 27JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA(severely) 27Oct18; disch 1OM~y19. CASTLE, FLOYD L., 19, Marshall: b Marshall; enI Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1OAg18; disch 1OMy19. CASWELL, LESTER L., 23, Crawford, Nebr.: b Nebr; tr from 1681nf to Btry 13 151FA 5My18; pvt 1c; tr to 225M'PCo 6D18. CAVE, HUBERT, 20, Minneapolis: b N D; enI Btry E 4Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c. 10Ag17; WA 27Oct18; disch 14My19. CAYO, VICTOR C., 24, Duluth: b Wis; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 26Ag17; corpl. 4Je18; disch 20My19. Cited in RO 30Ag18. CHALMERS, THOM-AS C., 28, Galesburg, Ill.: b Ill; enI SupCo 13JI17 Ft Snelling; sgt 24AgI7, sup sgt 12D17; disch 31Ag18 to acc corn. CHAPMAN, WALTER S., 21, Minneapolis: b Springfield; enI Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to MC 24Je17; pvt Ic 1F18, sgt 18N18; disch 10My19. CHASE, ARTHUR F., 37, Phoenix, Ariz.: b Ill; tr as 1st It from Cp Meyer OTC to Btry A 151FA 30Ag17; disch g c mn o 22M~r18. CHATFIELD, DAVID S., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI HdqCo 28 Ag1 Ft Snelling; corpl, 1N17, sgt lAp18; tr to Saumur ArtSch 24My18. CHELLIS, LUTHER, 25, Corona, S. D.: b S D; enI HdqCo 7Ag17 Ft Snelling; inns 3c 7Ag17, bd corpl, 8N18; disch lO0Myl9. CHENEVERT, OVIDE, 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry E 151FA 2Ag18; pvt; retd to U S 11 Mr19; disch 16Ap19. CHEVERIE, ROBERT E., 20, Dorchester, Mass.: b Mass; tr from l3Cav to Btry E 151FA 5S17; pvt Ic 10D18; disch 14My19. CHILSTROM, TELFORD, 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry A 17J117 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 21N17; WA 6Ag18 and (severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S 28Ja19; disch 17F19. CHITTY, JOHN G., 23, Denmark, S. C.: b S C; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 14My19. CHIULLA, BEN, 23, St. Rose, La.: b La; tr from Hdq APO 722 AEF to Btry B 151FA lAg18; pvt; disch 13My19. CHREIMAN, BERTRAM A., 21, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enI Btry D 8Oct14 Minneapolis; corpl, sgt 30Ag17, pvt 29My18, corpl, 12JI18, sgt lAg18; retd to U S 28F19; disch 29Mr19. CHRISTENSEN, WALTER G., 27, St. Paul: b Brahamn; enI HdqCo 31Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry D 15S17; hs 5Ag18; disch lOMyl9. CHRISTENSEN, WILLIAM C., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry F 22J117 Minneapolis; corpl, 19AgI7, sgt 20N17; WA 29S18; disch lOMyl9. CHRISTENSON, GEORGE W., 22, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Hdq Co 15J116 Minneapolis; bd sgt 1JI17; disch lOMyl9. CHRISTIANSON, CHRISTIAN, 23, Superior, Wis.: b Norway; enI SupCo, lOAgl6 Ft Snelling; sdlr 19JI17, sgt 24Ag17, stbI sgt 27Ag17, pvt 4Je18, wagr 5Je18; overseas 8F18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMy19. CHRISTIANSON, HENRY W., 19, Big Lake: h N D; enl Btry D 1Je17 Minneapolis; bglr 30J117; disch 1OMy19. CHRISTIANSON, OSCAR C., 21, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; eni Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 28D17, sgt 13N18; disch 15My19. Cited in RO 29S18. *C[IRISTIE, JOHN S., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry C 17J116 St Paul; pvt Ic 16JI17, corpl. lAg17, sgt 1OAp18; died 28Oct18 of wounds received in action. Cited in RO 12Mr18 and 21JI18. CHRISTOPHER, JOHN F., 22, Mt. Carmel, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S 30My19; disch 7Ag19. CHRISTOSKY, STANLEY, 22, St. Paul: h Russia; enl Btry C 21Agl6 St Paul; hs 26Ag17; retd to U S 24F19; disch 4Ap19. CIIROBEL, THOMAS T., 20, Cicero, Ill.: b Ill; tr from Hdq APO 778 AEF to Btry A 151FA IN18; pvt Ic 7Mr19; disch 7Myl19. CHUHA, JOHN P., 24, Johnstown, Penn.:: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3My19. CHUTE, THOMAS J., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry F 20Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17, corpI 1D18; WA 19Oct18; dich lOMyl9. CIOCCO, FELICE, 25, Iselin, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CITRANO, MAURICE, 18, West New York, N.J.: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry F 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 3My19. CIZEK, WILLIAM T., 24, Chicago: b Ill; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry C 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 7 My19. CLARK, CHARLES A., 29, Canada: b Conn; enl Btry B 9J117 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 147FA MTr18. CLARK, FREDERICK R., 20, Salladasburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; retd to U S 13Mr19; disch 3S19. CLARK, HARRY E., 28, Pottstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 14My19. CLARK, JOHN C., 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt Ic 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 10D18. CLARK, NORMAN 5., 22, West Chester, Penn.: tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 31D17; tr to Unassnd Det FA 12D18. CLARK, STANLEY J., 23, Minneapolis: b N D; enI Btry E 3AplS Minneapolis; tr to 147FA 9Ap18, to Btry E 151FA 21My18, to HdqCo 9J118; sgt 19Oct16, corpi 4Je18, 356 HISTORY OF THE 1,51ST FIELD ARTILLERY sgt 12Je18, 1st sgt IJ118; overseas 8M~r18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMyl9. CLARK, THOMAS H., 22, Ruleville, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry F 151FA 19J118; pvt; tr to ll6AmTn 24Jal9. CLARKE, ERNEST J., 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; eni Btry E 23Apl7 St Paul; mech 18JI17, pvt 3S17, pvt Ic 20Ja18, corpi 7F18, sgt lApl9; disch 24Jel9. CLEAVENGER, RAYMOND B., 24, Laird, Col.: b Kans; tr from Cp Merritt JeARD to SupCo 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch 18My19. CLEMENTS, FRANK N., 25, M'inneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl SupCo 31JI17 Minneapolis; wagr 4Agl7, ck 21N17, wagr 1Je18; WA (severely) 1 5J1I18; disch lOMyl9. CLENDENING, ROBERT C., 27, Lititz, Penn.: b Md; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CLEWETT, HENRY A., 25, Solana: b White Bear; tr from 1Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag17; wagr 29Ag17, ck 1M'r19; disch lOMy19. CLIFFORD, CLARENCE W., 24, Springfield, Mass.: b Mass; enl Btry B lAgl6 Ft Snelling; corpl lAg17, pvt 26D17, pvt Ic 1D18; disch lOMyl9. CLIFFORD, MYRON J., Stevens Point, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry F 19Ap17 Minneapolis; sgt 14JI17, pvt 28D17, corpl 12Je18; tr to 3371nf 29Ja19. CLIFFORD, WILLIAM~ F., 27, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CLOONAN, JOHN J., 25, St. Paul: b Conn; enl Btry A lAg16; tr to Btry B; corpl 23F17, 1st sgt 10JI17, sgt 20Je18; WA 14Ap18 and 27Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 18Ap19. COATES, ERWIN F., 19, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C 19Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic 1Jal8, pvt l7Jal8, pvt Ic 11Ap18; WA 15J118; disch 1OMy19. COBB, LORA C., 26, Millport, Ky.: b Ky; tr from 322FA to Btry B 151FA 22S18; pvt; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch 28Ap19. COCKERELL, SHERMAN, 22, Lampasas, Tex.: b Ky; tr from 149Inf to Btry C 151FA 6Ag18; pvt; disch 6My19. CODE, FRANK J., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl M'C 16Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 2Jal9; tr to GenSvlnf Jefferson Bks 2 7Ap 18. COFIELD, JOSEPH P., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl 25Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1N17; disch lO y19. COGBURN, OBANNON D., 26, Ridge Springs, S. C.: b S C; tr from Cp Jackson FARDep to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 14M-yl9. COLA, JOHN, 27, Indiana Co., Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. COLAIACCOME. GIUSEPPE, 23, Wilming ton, Del.: b Italy; tr from 147FA to BtryF 151FA 21M~y18; pvt Ic 15J118, pvt 2S18; disch 3Myl9. COLARUSSO, MICHAEL, 18, Boston: b Mass; tr from ll7AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 26D18, to Btry E 26Mr19; pvt; disch 21My19. COLE, JOHN W., 26, Minneapolis: b Excelsior; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1Jal8; disch 10M'yl9. COLE, MERLE W. 22 Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry A 211117 Mi.knneapolis; tr to HdqCo 19S17; pvt; disch lOMyl9. COLE, ROBERT H., 22, Philipsburg~, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to tryC 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. COLEMAN, ARTHUR L., 23, West Lynn, Mass.: b Mass; tr from 2CArtPk to HdqCo 151FA 17F19; pvt; disch 7My19. COLEMAN, CHESTER L., 25, Glenwood: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 24Ap17 Ft Snelling; corpl 2JI17, sgt 1S17; disch 10JI18 to acc com. COLEMAN, FRANK H., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo, l3Ap17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 2My18, corpl 4Je18; disch 1OM~y19. COLEMAN, JOSEPH A., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 13Ap17 Ft Snelling; bglr 1J117, pvt 16S17, pvt Ic 2Myl8, corpl 29N18; disch I0Mfyl9. COLEMAN, LEWIS C., 35, St. Paul: b N C; comsd capt 18Je17 and assnd to Btry E; apptd regtl adj; WA(severely) 15JI18; retd to U S 17Oct18; disch 27Oct19 Cp Grant. Cited in RO 21JI18. Awarded French citation and Croix de Guerre with bronze star. COLEMAN, PETER S., 22, Minneapolis: b Russia; enl Btry A 12J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 10N17; disch lOMy19. COLEMAN, WILLIAM J., 25, M-inneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 20Ja18; disch 1OM'y19. COLLINS, CHRISTOPHER R., 24, Hamilton, Ohio: b Ky,, tr from 322FA to Btry D 151FA 24Je18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. COLLINS, LAWRENCE, 21, Hibbing: b Mich; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr 19S17, corpl 12JI18; disch lOMyl9. -COLLINS, LEE R., 24, Minneapolis: b Ind; enl Btry A 27J117 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1Apl8, corpl 12Je18; died 28J118 of wounds received in action. COLLINS, LOUIS L., 35, Minneapolis: b St Cloud; enl Btry B 17F18 in France; tr to Btry E about 1J118, to Saumur Art Sch 1S18, to HdqCo 30N18; corpl 12Je18; disch 10M'y19. COLLINS, WELLINGTON L., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 28Ag17. CONAWAY, CECIL A., 19, Virginia: b Ind; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt 1c ID17; disch lOMyl9. CONAWAY, DAVID E., 26, Virginia: b Ind; enl Btry B 14JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 1S17, corpl 1Ap19; disch lOMyl9. CONLEY, WALTER I., 28, Kansas City, Mo.: b Iowa; tr from 11 7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 21D18; pvt; retd to U S 13Mr19; disch 19Ap 19. CONNELLY, PETER D., 29, McKeesport, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CONNER. THOMAS E., 22, Meadows of Dan Va. b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151IPA 14N18; pvt; disch 8My19. ROSTER 357 CONNERS, GEORGE I., 20, Ellendale: b Wis; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry D 151FA 19S17; pvt; retd to U S 73e19; disch 30J119. CONNOLLY, JAMES J., 23, Motordale: b Hollywood; eni Btry F 24Jll7 Ft Snelling; corpi 20N17, sgt 12Jal.8; disch lOMyl9. CONNOLLY, JOSEPH H., 21, M-inneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C 23117 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 20S17, corpi lAg18; disch lOMyl9. CONNOLLY, TIMOTHY F., 22, New York: b N Y; tr from 1651nf to Btry B 151FA 4Jel8; pvt Ic 16Ja19; tr to 1651nf 19Mr19. CONNOLLY, WILLIAM J., 20, Watertown: b Watertown; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 20N17, sgt lOAp18; disch IOMy19. CONNORS, EDWARD, 19, Lawrence, Mass.: b Mass; tr from 6FA to Btry E 151FA 28D317; pvt; disch 7My19. CONOVER, ORVILLE G., 25, Philadelphia: b N J; comsd 2d It l5Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; tr to 3lOCav 2S18. CONWAY, WILLIAM 0., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 93e17 St Paul; pvt lc 26Mr18, corpl 8S18; WA 15Ag18; disch 1OMy19. COOK, FREDERICK F., 27, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 193118; pvt; disch 13M'y19. COOK, WESLEY N., 29, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis- hs 183117; overseas 9F18 to llMr19; Iisch 26Mrl9. COOK, WILFORD C., 27, Minneapolis: b S D; enl Btry C 213117 Minneapolis; corpl 25S17, pvt 26F18, pvt Ic 1S18, corpl 7Mr19; disch 1OM'y19. COOKE, ERNEST E., 43, St. Paul: b Kellogg; enI Btry C 27Je17 St Paul; tr to H dqCo 1 OJal.8; pvt lc 163117, corpi 25S18; retd to U S 2My19; disch 15My19. COOKSEY, WILLIAM F., 25, Lloyd, Fla.: b Fla; tr from 156D~epBr~ig to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 14 Myl9. COOPER, HENRY C., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 193118; pvt; disch 13My19. COOPER, JOHN E. T., 29, Los Angeles: b Nicollet; enl Btry A 203116 Ft Snelling; corpl 23117; retd to U S 27My19; disch 5Je 1 9. COPPENHAFFER, JACOB M., 24, Lancaster Co., Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CORBETT, HAMILTON F., 29, Portland, Ore.: b Ore; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry F 151FA 1Ja18; WA(severely) 263118; tr to Hdq SOS 18F19. CORDES, SAMUEL A., 19, Logan, Ala.: b Ala; tr from lCav to Btry C 151FA 24S17; pvt Ic ID17, pvt 3My18, pvt Ic 5Mr19; disch 16My19. CORNELL, FRED C., 22, Benson: b Benson; enl Btry A 123117 Ft Snelling; ck 1Oct17, pvt 1N17, pvt 1c 10N17; disch lOMyl9. CORRIGAN, LOUIS F., 26, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic IS17, corpl 20N17, sgt 19Oct18, mess sgt 12D18; disch lOM~y19. CORY, HARRY H., 27, Minneapolis: b Ohio; enl Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo lOJal8; pvt Ic 28JeI7, corpl 3N17; disch llMyl9. COSENTINO, HENRY, 21, New York: b Italy; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; disch 3My19. COUGLAR, CARMI, 23, Ogdensburg, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 1631nf to Btry B 151FA 16My18; pvt; WA 13S18; retd to U S 9Ja19; disch s c d 11Oct19. COURY, EDWARD, 24, Chicago: b Syria; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; ck 1D18; disch 7My19. COVINGTON, WILLIAM J., 23, Rockingham, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson FARDep to Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 12Myl9. COVITTE, JOHN, 32, St. Paul: b Italy; enl Btry C 193117 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch lOM.yl9. COWIE, FRANCIS S., 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 26Je16 Ft Snelling; corpl 103117, sgt 15Mx-19; WA (severely) 28Oct18; disch 10My19. (Died 7Ag19 Alexandria Minn from effects of war gas.) COX, CLIFFORD E., 25, St. Paul: b Brainerd; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. COZART, ROBERT T., 22, Stem, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 13My19. CRABBE, HAROLD K., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; comsd 2d It 273117 and assnd to Btry D; prom 1st It 3N17; retd to U S I7Mr18; disch lApl9 Oteen N C. CRAIG, PETER C., 21, Worcester, Mass.: b England; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 26AgI7; corpl 9S17, sgt 20N17, pvt 3e18; tr to CasBn Cp Merritt 28Ap19. CRANDALL, LiEROY A., 27, Patterson, Mo.: b N Y; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry A 151FA 213118; pvt; disch 6My19. CREEL, JOSEPH, 18, Handsboro, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 23118; pvt; disch 27M~y19. CRISP, RALPH, 28, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry B 9Ag16 Ft Snelling; corpl 1S17, pvt 26D17; disch 1OMy19. CROPPER, JOHN H., 24, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. CROSS, JOHN A., 22, Renova: b Renova; enI Btry A 18Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry B 9Ap18, to Btry A 21MyI8; pvt 1c 3M~rl9; WA at St Mihiel; overseas from 8M~r18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMyl9. CROSS, WILLIAM R., 27, Minneapolis: b Mich; comsd 1st It 2OMy15 and assnd to Btry E; prom capt 28Agl7; tr to 147FA 27Apl8, to 151FA 21M~y18; overseas 8Mr18 to 25Ap19; disch 13My19 Cp Dodge. CROWE, PAUL, 20, Minneapolis: b Ortonville; enl Btry D' 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. CROWLEY, WILLIAM W., 28, Chicago: b Ill; tr from Cp Jackson ARD to Btry D 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7My19. CROWSON, HENRY, 24, Carrabelle Fla. b Fla; tr from Cp Jackson FAkD to 358 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Btry A 151FA 6Nl8; pvt; retd to U S 5Apl9; disch 23Apl9. CRUSE, ENERGY, 22, McIntyre, Fla.: b Fla; tr from AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch l4M~y19. CRUTTENDEN, LOUIS M., 23, Northfield: b Nortlifield; comsd 1st It DC 11J117; disch 12My19 Cp Dodge. CULLUM, NORMAN E., 19, Minneapolis: b Ind; enI HdqCo 17Ap17 Minneapolis; mech:28Ap17, pvt IC 1Api8; retd to U S 16Agl8; disch s c d 3MrI9. Cited in RO I3M'r18. CUMMINGS, BERNARD, 19, Kenyon: b Iowa; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry D 151FA Ag17; pvt; overseas 26D17 to 2S18; disch s c d 1D19. CUMMINGS, NEIL A., 20, New Orleans: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. CUNNINGHAM, CHARLES J., 21, Pipestone: b Lake Benton; pvt; tr from IInf M1NG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag17, to 147FA 9Ap18, to Tank Corps 2lAp18, to FARD 16My18, to SupCo 151FA 21MyI8; WA 4JI18; tr to 329MGBn Cp Dodge Det 4F19. CUNNINGHAM, HOWARD B., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 13Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 20M'yI8, corpl 17518; WA 2N18; retd to U S 24D18; disch 18FI9. CURRIE, CLARENCE W., 24, Breckenridge: b N D; tr from lInf M'NG to RecrDet4 6JI17, to SupCo 151FA 24Agl7; wagr 29Agl7; WA about 23Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 22Ap19. CURTISS, IRA M., 24, Virginia: b Wis; eni Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; corpl. IS17, pvt 1Oct18; WA(severely) 27My18; retd to U S 9J119; disch 18JI19. CUSHING, FRANK W., 18, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry F 10Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl. 14JI17, sgt 7Agl8; disch lOMyl9. CUSICK, JAMES A., 23, Dorchester, M'ass.: b M-ass; tr from 6FA to Btry D 151FA 16Ja18; pvt; disch 7My19. D DAELEY, DANIEL M'., 24, Minneapolis: b N D; enI Btry F 27Mr17 Minneapolis; sgt 1c 12ApI7, sgt 16JI17, pvt; overseas 20Je18 to 26Apl9; disch 1OM'y19. DAHL, HENRY G., 19, Ft. Snelling: b St Paul; en] Btry E 2Ap16 Minneapolis; corpl, 10JI17, sgt 20N18; tr to FARDep APO 778 6D18. DAHLSGAARD, CONRAD,. 27, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry F 9Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. DAHLSGAARD, MILLER, 27, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enI Btry F 9Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC IS17; overseas 22Mr18 to 27Ap19; disch 1OMy19. DALLY, HENRY 5., 24, Salem, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151 FA 14N18; ck 12DI8, pvt IMr19; disch 8MyI9. DAML, VICTOR P., 20, Princeton: b Foreston; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17; pvt ic lAg18; disch IOMyl9. DANDRIDGE, LEONARD L., 21, Rich. mond, Va.: b Va; tr from 314F-A to H1dqCo 151FA 14N18; lpvt; disch 8My19. DANIELSON, CHARLES., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry C 23JI17 Ft Snelling; ck 27JI17; WVA 5Mr18; retd to U S 7S18; disch a c d 24J119. Cited in RO 12M-rI8. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. DASILVA, EMILE, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry D 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 3My19. DAVIS, GEORGE, 22, St. Paul: b Ill; enl SupCo 14Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry C 18MyI8; sgt 15S17, 1st sgt 16S17, sgt 1Ja18, wagr 3Ap18, pvt 18My18, corpI 1JI18, sgt 1S18; disch lOMy19. DAVIS, GEORGE W., 25, Muscatine, Iowa: b Iowa; enl Btry E 5My17 Minneapolis; pvt; retd to U S 20D18; disch 3FI9. DAVIS, HARRY V., 23, Lyndon, Ky.: b Ky; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry C 15 iF`A 1S18; WA (severely) 28Oct18; tr to 19FA 3OD18. DAVIS, HUGH C., 23, Tazewell., Va.: b Tenn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 9My19. DAVIS, JESSE E., 22, Big Laurel, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson FARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 13My19. DAVIS, LEE H., 25, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 28Je17, pvt 1OAg17, ck 12DI7, pvt 20JI18, corpl 13N18, pvt 11F19; disch 15My19. DAVIS, RUFUS 0., 22, Joliet, Ill.: b Ill; enI Btry C 3Ag16 St Paul; pvt Ic 1S18; disch 10My19. DAVIS, WILLIAM A., 24, Rawles Springs, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry E 151FA 1Ag18; pvt; disch 13My19. DAVITT, LAWRENCE, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; cnl Btry E 19Je15 Minneapolis; ha 23F19; WA 26JI18; overseas 9F18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMy19. DAWSON, EDWARD B., 22, Rutland, Vt.: b Vt; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry C 151FA 1Ja18; tr to Saumur ArtSch 18MyI8. DEAN, HARVEY M., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 9N 18; retd to U S 4Ja19; disch 28Ja19. DEAN, MICHAEL E., 25, Minneapolis; b Minneapolis; enI Btry F 30Je17 Minneapolis; hs 1Ap18, pvt 13JI18; WA 12Ag18; retd to U S 11F19; diach 27F19. DEAN, THOMAS 5., 27, Minneapolis: b Tenn; enI Btry F 6JI17 Ft Snelling; ha N17; disch lOMy19. DEARDORFF, EMMETT, 23, Dixon, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21JI18; pvt IC; disch 6My19. DEARTH, ORA 0., 25, Mountain Lake: b Ill; enl Btry C 24Je16 St Paul; pvt IC 1Ja17, corpl 21Mr18, stbI sgt lAgl8, sgt 17N18; disch 1OMy19. DEBRUYN, ROY, 22, Rochester: b Rochester; enl Btry D 7JI16 Minneapolis; corpl. 1Agl7, pyt 3S18- WA 9Mr18 and 31Oct18 -retd to U S 141?19; disch 10Mr19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. ROSTER 359 DEEBACH, WALTER A., 19, Mankato: b Mankato; eni Btry B 6Je17 St Paul; pvt; retd to U S 30My19; disch 9Je19. DEIBERT, IRVIN F., 24, Northampton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. DELENDRECIE, ARTHUR J., 34, Fargo, N. D.: b Ohio; eni Btry C 21J117 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo 16My18; pvt IC IJaL8, wagr 4Jel8; diach lOMy19. DELIZ, JAMES, 21, Detroit, Mich.: b Italy; eni Btry A 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 7Agl8, pvt 1Oct18; WA(severely) 26Oct18; tr to MRC 21F19. DEMARCE, PAUL, 21, Minneapolis: b Del. avan; enl Btry A 8JI16 St Paul; corpl lAg16, sgt 2JI17, pvt 1S17, corpl 2S17, sgt 18M~r18, sup sgt 30Mr18, sgt 19N18; disch 1OMy19. DEMAS, STEVE, 22, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry E 27ja14 Minneapolis; corpl 1Ag16, sgt 20Ap18; WA lOMrl8 and 1N18; disch lOMyl9. DENT, GUY W., 24, Morgan City, Miss.: h Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry F 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch I3My19. DENZENE, ALFRED J., 20, Sauk Center: h Renville; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 24AgI7, to 147FA 9Ap18, to SupCo 151FA 21My18; wagr 19S17, pvt 30MyI8; disch lOMyI9. DERTINGER, FRANK J., 22, Frazee: h M'o; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1S17; disch 1OMyI9. DEVLIN, JAMES V., 29, Jamestown, Penn.: h Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. *DEVORE, JOSEPH W., 22, Big Piney, Mo.: b Mo; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry E 151FA 10J118; killed in action 15J118. DEVORE, WILLIAM-, 24, Big Piney, Mo.: h Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 21JI18; pvt IC 10D18; disch 6My19. DEWITT, NOBLE M., 21, Harhor Springs, Mich.: h Mich; tr from 1631nf to SupCo 151FA I3M~y18; wagr 1J118, corpl 6Mr19; disch 6MyI9. DEWOLF, LAWRENCE A., 25, Somerville, Mass.: b Mass; tr from AARD to Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 6My19. DiCARLO, ANGELO 29, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314lPA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. DIGMAN, SELDON G., 24, Salem, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry B 151FA 6Ap18; pvt ic 4S18; disch 8MyI9. DILLON, JAMES F., 37, Minneapoi's: b Iowa; tr from lInf MNG to BtryC i5iFA 30Ag17; pvt; overseas 14N17 to I7MyI9; disch a c d 27SI9. DIMACK. JOHN, 26, Lansford, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. DINARO, LEONARD, 18, Jersey City: b Italy; tr from l3Cav to Btry D 151FA; pvt; disch acct fraudulent enlistment 25S 17. DINGMAN, CLARENCE C., 19, Ironton: b Eden Valley; tr from lInf MNG to Su pCo 151FA 23Ag17; wagr 29Ag17 ck lOMg8, pvt 4Ja19, wagr lMrl 9; disch lOMyl9. DINON, RUBY M., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 27JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 10N17, corpl 3Ap18; WA(severely) 6Agl8; tr to 43PWECo I6Ag18. DOBRENSKI, JOHN J., 20, Minneapolis: b Taunton; enl Btry D 20Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 16N18; disch 22My19. DODD, CLARENCE, 23, Clarksburg, W. Vs.: b W Va.; tr from 147FA to Btry F 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 8My19. DOERR, FRITZ, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F llApl7 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to ArtSchDet APO 711 12Mylg. DOLAN, EDWARD J., 29, Chicago: b Ill; tr from l56DepBrig to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch My19. DOLINDO, JOSEPH, 25, St. Paul: b Russia; enl Btry A 17Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 7Agl8; retd to U S 13F19; disch 5Mr19. DOMARUS, MAX VON, see VON DOMARUS, MAX. DONAHUE, HARVEY 24, Hinckley: b Hinckley; tr from 1481PA to HdqCo 151FA S18; pvt; tr to 31OSupTn. DONAHUE, WILLIAM, H., 39, Minneapolis: b Nev; comsd It col 20MyI7; prom col 6Oct18 and tr to 38FA 14Oct18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. DONNELLY, DAVID A., 25, Carnegie, Penn.: b Ireland; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. DORGAN, PIERCE 5., 27, Challis, Idaho: b Idaho; tr from 117FSBn to Btry C 151FA 30Ap18; ck 1JI18; disch 18M~y19. DORMAN, CLIFFORD R., 27, Indianapolis: b Ind; tr from InfTngR~egt AEF to Btry A 151FA 21JI18; corpl, pvt Ic 19N18; disch 8My19. DORMAN, HILARY C., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from C pBeauregard AARD to Btry F 151FA 19J118; p'vt; disch I3My19. DORSEY, ELBERT A., 38, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1Ap18; tr to 9OCo TrC 3Je18. DOWNEY, ROBERT W., 19, Portland, Ore.: b Wash; tr from 162Inf to Btry C ISIFA 1OM'y18; pvt; disch 16My19. DRAKE. RALPH 5., 18, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry D 5Ap16; corpl 21Ap17, sgt 4D17; WA 9MrI8; disch 10Myl9. DREFAHL, HERBERT G., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl HdqCo l9Je16 St Paul; corpl 1JI17; WA 12M-r18 and (severely) 26JI18; disch lOMyl9. DRISCOLL, FRANK, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 4M'r15 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 1D18; sgt pvt 4D17; WA I4Mr18; disch 10My19. Nied in RO 18N18. DRISCOLL, LAWRENCE J., 27, Minneapolis: b Mass; enl HdqCo 23ApI7; color sgt 1JI17; WA 14JI18; disch IOMyl9. Cited in RO 18N18. DRUMHELLER, CLAYBORN L., 22, Alherene. Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 14N18; pvt; retd to U S 2MY19; disch 28MrI9. DUBAN, EMIL J., 23, St Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 9Je17 St Paul; ck IJal8, pvt 18S18; WA I7Mr18; tr to 307Inf 25MT19. DuBOIS, ALBERT W., 23, Catskill, N. Y.: b N Y;- tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch 360 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY to HdqCo 151FA 1Ja18; prom 1st It 23Oct18; cas from 17Ap19. DUBOIS, CLIFFORD C., 20, Minneapolis: b N J; eni Btry F 4Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. Cited in RO 3OAg18. DUCHARME, CHARLES A., 18, Gladstone: b Gladstone; enl HdqCo 24Ag1 7; tr to SupCo; wagr 3OAg17; disch 10M'y19. DUFF, FRIEND, 25, Minneapolis: b Ohio; tr from l1nf M'NG to SuPCo 151FA 22Ag17; wagr 3OAgl7; pvt 4F18, pvt Ic 1Je18, wagr 1JI18; disch lOMy19. DUGAN, HAL, 21, Newton, Iowa: b Iowa; enl Btry A 13JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to ll6SupTn 30Ap18. DUGGAN, CHARLES E., 19, Vicksburg Miss.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard AR to Btry E 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13My19. DUMAS, HUGH F., 28, White Bear: b Canada; enl Btry C 12eI7; pvt Ic 16JI17, corpl, sgt 11M'y18; WA(severely) 27M'y18; diach lOMyl9. DUMM, GEORGE H., 43, Mifflintown, Penn.: b Penn; enl SupCo 8Je17 St Paul; wagr 3Ag17, ck 8Ag17, pvt 15Oct17, ck lAp18, pvt 21Ap18, ck 1Je18, pvt IS18; retd to U S 14F19; disch 27F19. DUNAZSKI, ALBERT, 18, Willow River: b Willow River; enl Btry C 19Ap17 St Paul; pvt; tr to Hdq 67FABrig 28Mr18. DUNLOP, FRED J., 24, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry B 28Je16 St Paul; corpI 10J117, pvt 26D317, pvt Ic 1JI18; disch 1OMy19. DUNLOP, JAMES, 23, M-orris Run, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 14N18; pvt; tr to 42MPCo 11D318. DUNN, BENJAMIN F., 21, Maple Lake: b Albion; en] Btry C 28S14 Minneapolis; tr to Btry B 26Ap17; corpl ID17, sgt 7My18, sup sgt 12D18; disch 1OMy19. DUNN, FRANK, 25, Minneapolis: b Waseca; enI Btry F 23Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E 5S17, to HdqCo 2M'yl8, to Btry F 25Je18; hs, pvt, hs 13J118; overseas 8Mr18 to 27Ap19; disch 1OMy19. DUNN, WILLIAM R., 24, Wheeling, W. Vs.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8My19. DUNPHY, JOHN J., 34, St. Paul: b Wis; enI Btry A 3JI16 Ft Snelling; sgt 1Agl6, 1st sgt 11F18; disch 1OMy19. DUNSTAN, OLIVER, 32, Eveleth: b England; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry B 151FA 25Ag17; pvt Ic 21M'y18; WA(severely) 18S18; disch 15M~y19. DUPONT, CLIFFORD, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from IFA LaNG to SupCo 151FA 1Ag18; pvt; disch 13My19. DURHAM, LLOYD 5., 24, Duncannion, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. DUSTIN, THERON E., 21, Charlevoix, Mich.: b N Y; tr from 344FA to Btry D 151FA S18; pvt 1c; tr to 282MPCo 28N18. EASTERLING, EDWARD W., 29, Ridgeville. S. C.: b S C; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 14My19. EASTMAN, CECIL L., 20, Minneapolis: b Racine; enI Btry F ll~pl7 Minneapolis; corpl 15Ap17; tr to Cp Jackson FARD 27Oct18. Cited in RO 1 9Ag18. EASTMAN, HOMER J., 20, Minneapolis: b S D; enl Btry E 12Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 13N18; WA N18; retd to U S 18Mr19; disch 2Ap19. EJBERLEY, LOUIS E., 22, Clinton, Iowa: b Ill; tr from 28Div to Btry B 151FA 18Oct18; pvt 1c; retd to U S 18My19; disch 14Je19. EBNER, FRANK 5., 23 Easton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 149NtfGBn to Btry C 151FA 26Je18; corpl. lAgI8, pvt 19Ap19; disch 3My19. ECKENSTEIN, HARRY, 27, Larrys Creek, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; retd to U S 13Mr19; disch 24Ap19. EDBERG, JOHN C., 32, St. Paul: b Sweden; enI Btry C 24Je16 St Paul; corpl; disch s c d 17N17. EDGAR, EDWARD H., 22, Pine Grove, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry B 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; retd to U S 3Mr19; disch 7Ap19. EDWARD, ROBERT, 21, St. Paul: b Canada; enl Btry A 9Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. EDWARDS, GEORGE D., 19, Marshall: b Marshall; enl Btry F 19Ap17; pvt; disch phys dis 25AgI7. EDWARDS, HENRY J., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C lAg 17 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c lMr19; tr to MPC 3Mr19. EDWARDS, PAUL B., 23, Newark, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from 324FA to Btry B 151FA 12S18; pvt ic; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 28F18; disch 25M'r19. EELLS, SAMUEL, 22, Cleveland: b Ohio; tr as 2d It from Saumiur ArtSch to HdqCo 151FA lJal8; tr to ll7AmTn 12Oct18. EGGEN, EDWARD B., 27, Minneapolis: b Porter; enl Btry A 28JI17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 10N17, pvt lApl8, pvt Ic 8My18; disch 10My19. EGGERS, FRED, 19, Preston, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 4Corps FAReplRe g to HdqCo 151FA 18Oct18; pvt; disch 10 Myl9. EICHINGER, HOWARD E., 21, Canby: b Canby; enl MC 19JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 3Oct17; tr to CMDLb AEF 31J118. EICKSTAD, JOHN F., 19, St. Paul: b Alexandria; enI Btry C 20JI17; tr to HdqCo 15S17, to OrdnDet 20Ap18; pvt; retd to U S 19Mr19; disch 15Ap19. EIDE, RALPH H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis, enI Btry D 15M'r16 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 28Oct18; overseas 9F18 to 17D18; disch 21Ja19. ELLIOTT, CLEO 5., 29, Fallston, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 13My19. ELMORE, EARL P., 22, Oneonta, N. Y.: b N Y; comsd 2d It 10JI18 and assnd to 151FA; WA(severely) 11S18; retd to U S 16F19; disch 27F19. ELWELL, IVAN, 26, Bennington, Vt.: b Vt; enI Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic.10Ag17; disch 1OMy19. EMARD, WILLIAM V., 20, Minneapolis: b N D; enI Btry D 23Je16 Minneapolis; ck 17Mr18, pvt 2S18; disch lOMyl9. EMERSON, GORDON W., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl MC 12Je17 St Paul; pvt Ic 19N18; disch 10My19. ROSTER 361 EtMMONS, OTTO, 21, Holcomb, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry B 151FA 26J118; pvt; disch 3Myl9. ENGEL, WILSON F., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni HdqCo 15S15 Minneapolis; corpi 28Jel6, sgt 21Oct16, sup sgt 12Jel7, sgt lc 1D17; tr to Btry E IJI18, to DepDiv 1st AC 5Agl8. ENGLAND, JESSE R., 25, Granby, Mo.: b Mo; tr from FARD to Btry B 151FA 10J118; pvt; retd to U S 16Myl9; disch 3Je 1 9. ENGWALL, PETER, 27, St. Paul: b Ill; en! Btry F 29My17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry A 15J117; pvt lc 10NI7, ck 20Jal9; disch l9Je19. ENROUGHTY, JAMES M., 24, Richmond, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry F 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. ENSSLEN, WILLIAM C., 23, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. ERETH, ANTON, 22, Solen, N. D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21J118; pvt; disch l0M'yI9. ERICKSON, CHARLES C., 23, M-inneapolis: b St Paul; en! Btry A 23J117 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1Apl8, pvt 1Oct18; WA 28Oct18; tr to 3401nf 25N18. ERICKSON, CHARLES J., 29, Dawson: b Dawson; en! Btry D 24My17 Minneapolis; pvt le 25JI17, corpl 25Apl8, sgt 7Ag18; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch 10MyI9. ERICKSON, DAVID E., 26, Minneapolis: b Dundee; en! Btry B 24JT117 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E 147FA 9Ap18, to Btry B 151FA 21M'y18; pvt lc 1D18; overseas 8M~rl8 to 26Apl9; disch 10My19. ERICKSON, ENFRED J., 22, Virginia: b Wis; en! Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch l0Myl9. ERICKSON, LAWRENCE, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry C 26Ag17 St Paul; pvt lc ID17, corpl 13F18, pvt lAg 18; disch 15Myl9. ERICKSON, OSCAR, 25, Virginia: b Wis; en! Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 1S17, mech 26Mrl8, pvt 8Agl8; WA (severely) 18S18; disch 10Myl9. ERLANDSON, ANNAR, 23, Climax: b Norway; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr 19D18; disch I0M~yl9. ERTZGAARD, SYLVESTER, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry D 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 28Oct18; retd to U S 9D18; disch 1lJa19. ERWIN, JOHN 5., 26, Hines: b Motley; en! Btry F 19Je17 Minneapolis; mech; tr to 4l7CasCo l63DepBrig 20Ap19. ETENBURN, GEORGE L., 18, Okla.: b Ind; tr f rom Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry E 151FA lAgl8; pvt; disch 16M'yl9. ETHIER, DUFFY, 34, St. Paul: b Wis; en! Btry C 24Je16 St Paul; corpl 10JI17, pvt lApl8, pvt lc IlApl8; disch 10Myl9. EUSTIS, GLEN W., 18, Minneapolis: b Pratt; en! Btry F 17Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pvt; disch lOM~yl9. EVANS, HENRY F., 27, Sheridan, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151 FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. EVERSOLE, WILLIE, 20, Louisville, Ky.: b Ky; en! Btry B 9Ag16 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry A 2JI17; corpl 19S17, sgt 7My18, mess sgt 8M~yI8, pvt 1S18; tr to MPC 9Oct18. EVERSON, WILLIAM W., 23, M'inneapolis: b Wis; en! Btry D 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 8Oct18; overseas 9F18 to 2Ap19; disch llApl9. EWERS, MERLE, 20, Findlay Ohio: b Ohio; tr from 1661nf to HdqCo ISIFA 6S18; pvt; disch 8My19. EWERS, WILLIAM E., 28, Charleston, W. Va.: b W Va; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry F 151FA lJal8, to HdqCo 12Oct18; tr to 42MPCo 16Jal18. EYE, TROY R., 23, Shirley, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 15 1FA 21JI18; pvt; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 29Ja19; disch 2iF 19. F FAATZ, ELMER, 25, Minneapolis: b N D; en! Btry D 16Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 25JI17; WA about 19Oct18; tr to 31OSupTn 26Jal9. FADER, PERCY, 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; en! Btry A 25J117 Minneapolis; corpl 13N17; WA 29J!18; disch 10My19. FAIRCLOUGH, GORDON F., 18, St. Paul: b Mich; en! Btry B 17J117 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pvt lc 1D17; retd to U S 18Mr19; disch 8Apl9. FALK, OSCAR J., 23, St. Paul: b N St Paul; en! Btry A 28J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 10N17, mech lAg18, corpl. 29N18; disch 10My19. FANT, PERRY A., JR., 18, Donalsonville, Ga.: b Ga; tr from 156DepBrig to Btry F 151FA 22S18; pvt; tr to lS6DepBrig 28Ap19. FARR, GEORGE W., 27, North Craftsburj Vt.: b N Y; tr from 163Inf to SupF~ 151FA 14Myl8; wagr IJI18, corpl 4S 18, sgt 6Mrl9; disch 6My19. FARRELL, LEO B., 26, Avoca: b Avoca; en! Btry B 29J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1D18; disch lOMy19. FARROW, DELMAR, 24, Summerville, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21J118; pvt IC 5Mr19; disch 6My19. FASCHINO, PAUL, 21, Hackensack, N. J. b Italy; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA. 26Ag17; pvt; disch 3MyI9. FAST, FRANK B., 26, Mountain Lake: b Mountain Lake; en! Btry C 20Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyI9. FEE, MERLE W., 21, Minneapolis: b Mapleton; en! Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; ck J117, pvt 10Oct17; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. FERCH, GEORGE C., 28, Correll: b Odessa; comsd 1st It l0Ap17 and assnd to Btry F; prom capt 31J18 maj. 13Mrl9; WA 26Oct18; disch 27M 19 Cp )Dodge. Twice cited for distinguihd service. FERGUSON, ERNEST P., 30, Tampa, Fla.: b Va; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJa18; prom 1st It 24Mr19; disch 13MyI9. FERRERI, JOSEPH, 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 19J118, to AHdqRegt loFi9 to Btry A 151FA lApl9; pvt; disch 13Mfy19. FERRY, DANIEL J., 24, Wilkes-Barre, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 27Jal9; pvt; tr to 3401nf I6Ap19. 362 HISTORY OF THE 1,51ST FIELD ARTILLERY FEIJDALE, JAMES, 24, Keiser, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 3 14FA to Btry D 151FA 12 N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. FEVEC, CLIFFORD H., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 42DivHdq to Btry A 151FA lAg18; pvt; WA 30Oct18; retd to U S 9F19; disch 25F19. FICHTER, RAYMOND R., 24, West Hazleton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; disch 3Myl9. FIDLER, ALFRED S., 24, Friedensburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. FIENSTEIN, BEN, 23, Minneapolis: b Russia; eni Btry A 14JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic lApl8; WA 5Ag18; disch 10MyI9. FINLEY, GEORGE A., 23, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D318; pvt; disch 3My19. FINN, EDWARD B., 27, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 5Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 20S17. FISCHER, FREDERICK W., 31, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry A 31JI16'Ft Snelling; corpl 20N17; tr to Tank Corps 21Apl8. FISHER, ERNEST J., 28, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; sgt 10JI17; disch 22Apl9. FISHER, FRANK C., 27, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry D 21Je16 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 2JI18, corpl 12J118, sgt 1Ag18, mess sgt lN18, pvt 3F19; disch lOMyl9. FISHER, HARRY R., 23, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3M'y19. FISK, EDDIE M., 19, St. Croix Falls, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 15Ja18; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch ll pl9. FITZPATRICK, EDWARD M., Pittsburgh: bItaly; tr from 31 4FA to 67FABrig 11N18 and assnd to Btry A 151 FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3My19. FLAMMINIO, GUILIO, 23, Saltsburg, Penn; b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. FLANAGAN, CHARLES, 31, Wheeling W. Va.: h Ohio; tr from 147FA to BtryB 15IFA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 8Myl9.y FLANDRY, HENRY E., 20, Labaddie, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry A 151FA lAg18; pvt; tr to RR&CSv 16Ap 19. FLANNERY, JAMES A., 22, Philadelphia: h Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. FLATT, ROLLIN P., 20, Elk River: b Grand Rapids; enl Btry B 3Je17 St Paul; tr to SupCo 9My18; wagr 1Je18; WA 16J118; disch 1OMy19. FLEETHAM, EARL, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 6J116 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. FLEMING, JOHN L., 28, Mt. Carmel, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry D 151FA 12D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. FLEMING, MARTIN1. 30, St. Paul: b Kans; enl Btry B lSjel7 St Paul; pvt Ic 1D17, corpi 1Ap18, sgt 1D18; disch l0m~y19. FLENNIKEN, THOMAS P., 27, Knoxville, Tenn.: b Tenn; tr from 61 CA to HdqCo 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch 24Myl9. FLESHER, HARRY L., 24, Ashhsm, M~.: b Ill; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to H~dqCo 15IFA 6N18; pvt; disch 7My19. FLIEHS, BARNARD W., 24, S. St. Paul: b N Y; enl Btry B 25JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Apl8. FLODEEN. CARL J., 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 16Apl7 St Paul; mech IT117, ha 13Myl8, pvt 11TI18; overseas 8F18 to 4Jal9; disch 28Jal9. FLORIDA, CHARLES C., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D l9Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 8Ap18; bglr 12J117, pvt 1Ja18; WA(severely) 9Ag18; retd to U S 2Apl9; ditch 21Apl9. FLOWER, HIRAM, B., 21, Gibbon: b Gibbon; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; stbl sgt 10J117, sgt 7M-r18, 1st sgt lAgl8; WA 18My18; overseas 8F18 to 28F19; disch a c d 24Ap19. FOLSOM, KENDRIC P., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 23Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1D17; WA 15JI18; disch I OMyl9. FORBES, JAMES W., 23, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; ditch 3My19. FORD, MAX 5.. 20, St. Croix Falls, Wit.: b Wit; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic 13F18, corpl 7Myl.8; tr to FAReplU No I ReplDep 6D18. FORESTER, WILLIAM 0., 22, Minneap olis: b Minneapolis: enl Btry B 14J117 FT. Snelling; tr to HdqCo lAg18; pvt Ic 1S17, pvt 15Ja18, pvt lc 7S18; retd to U S 19M'rl9; ditch 30Mrl9. FORSELL, ELLIS G., 24, Duluth: b Wit; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt le 16J117, corpl 22J117; tr to HdqCo 8F18, to Btry E 2lAg18, to HdqCo 23Ja19; ditch 1OMy19. FORSYTH, ROB3ERT G.. 19, Mystic, Iowa: h Iowa; enl Btry F I9Apl7 Minneapolis; sgt and sup tgt 14JI17; ditch 15Myl9. POSSE, CORNELL K., 30, Brooten: b Min. neapolis; enl Btry F 13Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; ditch lOMyl9. FOSTER, ALBERT J., 40, Chicago: b N Y; enl HdqCo 19Je16 Minneapolis; tr to Btry A 2JI17; pvt; ditch 2Oct17. FOSTER, CHARLES H., 19, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E I51iFA 15N18; pvt; ditch 3Myl9. FOSTER, KENT, 26, Minneapolis: b Osceohs; eni Btry D 19Je16 Minneapolis; bglr 12JI17; ditch lOMyl9. FOSTER, REX H., 19, Waterville: b Waterville; enl HdqCo 14Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry B 15S17; pvt le 2lMyl8; ditch 1Omy19. FOWLER, WILLIAM M., 19, St. Paul: b Barnesville; enl Btry C 27Je17 St Paul; sdlr 25Ag17; disch lOMyl9. FOX, TOHN, 21, Minneapolis: b Russia; enl Btry A 14Ag 16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc lApl8; retd to U1 S 22F19; ditch 8Apl9. FOX, OSCAR H., 27, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry B 8Agl6 Ft Snelling; ck; ditch a, c d 11Oct17. FRABEL, ROBERT W., 31, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry A 19J116 Ft S nelling; corpl 19S17, sgt l2Je18; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to Uj S 26M'rl9; ditch l5Apl9. ROSTER 363 FRANCISCO, WILLIAM D., 23, Corbett, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 2lRecrCo to Btry F 151FA 28D17; pvt 1c lApI8, corpl 1S18; disch 3M.y19. FRANCOIS, ANTHONY C., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; eni Btry C 26Je16 St Paul; pvt; disch 1OMyI9. FRANK, ANDREW, 25, St. Paul: b Hungary; enl Btry C 23Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. FRANKENBERG, FRED, 25, Washington, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 6My19. FRANKS, ABE, 28, Messmore, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. FRARY, LEWIS S., 23, Minneapolis; b S D: enl HdqCo 29My17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1J117, corpl 11S17, sgt 20N17; disch 9JI18 to acc corn. FRARY, MARVIN, 23, Covert, Mich.: b Mich; enI Btry E l5Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1My18, corpI 3Myl8, sgt 9D18; disch 14My19. FRASER, WILLIAM K., 21, Minneapolis: b Wash; enl HdqCo 24My17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 17J117, corpl 31JI18; retd to U S 7Ap19; disch 22Ap19. FREDELL, ALVIE E., 23, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry E 24Je17 Minneapolis; mech 18JI17, c mech 2Ja19; disch lOMyl9. FREDERICK, EMIL, 34, Minneapolis: b Frontenac; enl Btry D 19Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 25J117, ck 12N18; overseas 8F18 to 25ApI9; disch 1OMy19. FREDERICKSEN, LEE J., 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 8Ja1 5 St Paul; tr to Btry E IDiS; corpl 28Ja17, sgt 20Ap18, sup sgt 10DI8, sgt 16D18, pvt 24D 18, pvt IC 4Mr19; disch 22MyI9. FREDERICKSON, HAROLD E., 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry E 26J117 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to HdqDet ReplDep APO 727 llApl8. FREDERICKSON, MIKE L., 23, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to Mixed CasDet Overseas CasCp Ft Jay, to CasCo No 5 APO 726 26D17, to 116MP APO 726 25Apl8, to HdqCo FA RYAPO 722 I3My18, to Btry E 151FA 21Myl8; overseas 26D17 to 26Ap19; disch 10My19. FREEMAN, GLEN S., 26, Shermansville, Penn.: b Penn; tr f rom 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. FRENG, LINCOLN S., 23, Minneapolis: h St Paul; enl SupCo 7JI17 Ft Snelling; wagr 13JI17, sgt 24AgI7, sup sgt 27Agl17, sgt 3M'y18, sup sgt 4S18; daisch lOMy19. FRIEDLUND, HARRY, 26, S. St. Paul: h S St Paul; enl Btry B 25J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1D18; disch 1OMy19. FRY. CLARENCE M., 25, Hibbing b Wis; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 25Ag17; wagr 15S17, pvt 1F18; disch lOMyl9. FUECKER, FREDERICK M., 23, Cold Springs: b Cold Springs; comsd 1st It SAp17 and assnd to HdqCo; retd to U S 24Apl8; on det sv as telp instr Cp Sevier and other camps from 29Ap18; prom capt 28S18; disch 5Je19 Cp Bragg. FUHRER, HENRY, 25, Burnstad. N. D.: b Russia; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch lOMyI9. FULLER, CHARLES E., 24, Marshall: b Ill; enl Btry E 19Je16 Al.inneapolis; pvt Ic 28Je17, corpl 19Ag17, pvt 3S18, ck 3N18; disch 10My19. FULLER. EDWIN C., 22 Oskaloosa, Iowa: b Ill; enl Btry E loAp17 Minneapolis; pvt IC IOAgI7; disch 10My19. FULLER, LYNO, 19, Virginia: b Wis; enI Btry B 25Apl7 St Paul; pvt IC 1S17; WA l5Myl8 and (severely) 23Oct18; tr to 337Inf 7D18. FUNDINGSLAND, MANFRED 0., 28, Madison: b Madison; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry C 151FA 29AgI7; pvt IC lApl8; disch 10M'yI9. FUNK, EARLE HI., 30, Bellaire, Kans.: b Kans; tr from 2OCav to Btry F 151FA 26Agzl7; pvt; retd to U S 7F19; disch 1Mr19. FURCHNER, HENRY, 19, St. Paul; b St Paul; enl Btry C 23Je16 St Paul; pvt IC 1S18; WA(severely) 27Myl8 and 28Oct18; tr to ll6AmTn 26N18. FURHOP, WILLIAM, H., 26, Deshler, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from AARD to Btry D 151FA 2N18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. FURLONG, FRANK B., 21, St. Paul: b Mass; enl Btry C 26Je16 St Paul; corpl 1D16, sgt 30NI7, pvt 1JI18, ck 1Oct18, pvt 1N18, pvt Ic 5MrI9; disch lOMyl9. FUZZEY, FRANK F., 26, Minneapolis: b England; enl HdqCo l8Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1D17, ck 5Ag18, pvt 6S18; WA (severely) ahout 21Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 21Ap19. FUZZY, GERALD H., 22, Minneapolis: b England; enl HdqCo l9Apl7 Minneapolis; sdlr 1J117, sgt 10Ja18, sup sg~t 11 Ja18, pvt 27Mr18, mech lApl8, corpl.2My18; retd to U S 25M'rl9; disch 5Ap19. G GAIAS, JOHN, 28, Tunkhannock, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 9My19. GALETEY, CHARLES, 23, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry F llApl7 Minneapolis; ck, pvt IN18, pvt ic 10D18, ck 1MT19; WA M~r18; disch l0My19. GALLAWAY, JOSEPH M. 23 Wlheeling, W. Va.: h W Va; tr from 3141PA to BtryBj 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 9My19. GALLIOTTO. DOMINICK C 20, New Orleans: b La; tr from 6FA to Btry B 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch lOM~yl9. GALLUP, WINFIELD D., 24, St. Paul: b N Y; enl Btry C 27je17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 10Jal8, to Co D l4lInf 27Ja19, to HdqCo 151FA 7Mr19; pvt ic 20S17, corpl 4J e18; WA 15Oct18; disch lOMy19. GANFIELD, GORDON, 20, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry A 16J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 10N17, corpl 15Ja18; WA 27My18 and (severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 21Ap19. GANNON, CHARLES J., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 16Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch IOMyl9. GANNON, MICHAEL, 22, Minneapolis: b Ireland; enl Btry E 31My17 Minneapolis; mech 3S17, pvt 19S17; tr to 3371nf 11N18. 364 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY GANNON. ROBERT B., 18, Ragley, La.: b La; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry C 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 13My19. GANZER, GEORGE H., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry B l6Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic ID17; tr to 496AerSq 14Jal8. GARDNER, SYLVESTER M., 21, Duluth: b Texas; tr from 2Inf MNG to SujpCo 151FA 5S17, to Btry E 17S17; pvt; WA 26Oct18; retd to U S 12F19; disch 10Apl9. GARFIELD, WILLIAM H., 24, St. Louis, Mo.: b Ill; tr as 1st It from Saumur Art Sch to 151FA lJal8; tr to ATransSv 15Mrl8. GARVEY, WILLIAM, D., 29, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. GASIOR. WALTER, 26, Minneapolis: b Poland; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Agl7; wagr 19S17, pvt 1Jal8, wagr 4F18, ck lApl8; disch l7Myl9. GASTON, ARTHUR L., 21, Mt. Hope, Ala.: b Ala; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 16Myl9. GATES, WILLIAM, JR., 24, Pittsburgh; b Penn; comsd 2d It iSAg 17 and assnd to Btry F 151FA; tr to l2AerSq 14Myl8. GAVIN, THOMAS F., 24, W-heeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. GEHRKEN, WALTER, 28, St. Paul: b Mo; enl Btry A 4Je17 St Paul; corpl, 20N17, sgt 12Jel8 WA 1N18; retd to U S 9D18; disch IF19. Cited in RO 21JI18. GEISLER. ALONZO, 25, Summerville, Tex.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 6Myl9. GENTZ. WALTER, 19, Minneapolis: b Wis; -enl Btry F llApl7 Minneapolis; pvt le 25Oct18, corpl 21D18; WA (severely) 15J118; retd to U S 20Mrl9; disch SApil9. GEORGE, JOSEPH 5., 28, Danville, Cal.: b Cal; tr from l17AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 2lMyl9. GEORGE, NICHOLAS, 26, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry F 11Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1S17, corpl 31JI18; disch l0Myl9. GERDES, DANIEL P., 20, MinneaLpolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C 2JI17 Minneapolis; pvt lc; retd to U S 30D18; disch 24Jal9. GERTJE, CHARLES C., 24, Ortonville: b S D; enl Btry C 6Agl6 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic lJal7, pvt 1S18, ck 5Mr19; overseas 12F18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMyl9. GERVAIS, CLARENCE H., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to HdqCo 151FA 12JI18; pvt; disch lMyl9. GESSNER, CECIL, 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry A 16JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl 13N17; disch lOMyl9. GETCHELL, CHARLES H. 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl iltry F 24Je17 Minneapolis; ck, sgt lApl8, mess sgt 20Ap18; retd to U S 7Mrl9; disch 4Apl9. Cited in RO 28S18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. GETCHELL, EARL, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 3JI17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17; tr to 4l7CasDet 163 DepBrig. GETTEN. THEODORE C., 20, Wayzata: b Paddock; enl Btry A 9JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl 20N17, sgt 12Jel8; WA 27M 18 and 4Agl8; disch lOMyl9. Cited in ~ l3JeI8. GIARRIZZI. CHARLEY, 22, Longacre, W. Va.: b Italy; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 28Agl7; pvt; disch 8M~yl9. GIBSON, CHARLES R., 25, Duluth: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B lMyl7 St Paul; corpl 30Agl7, pvt lc 12D17, corpl. 24Jal8; WA 7JI18 and 27S18; tr to Hdq 67FABrig 15Mrl9. GIBSON, WARREN E., 20, Minneapolis: b Ore; enl Btry E 23Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 135Inf. GILBERTSON, CARL L., 24, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry B 12J116 Ft Snelling; pvt ic IS17; disch IOMyl9. GILBERTSON, WILLIAM G., 27, Minneapolis; b Iowa; enl SupCo 2Jel7 Minneapolis; wagr, pvt; disch s c d 21S17. GILFILLAN, WILLIAM B., 19, Red Lake Falls: b Pipestone; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry E 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; retd to U S 27F19; disch 28Apl9. GILL, FREACH E., 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 24Apl7 St Paul; pvt l c 1S17, corpl 1D18; WA 27M~yl8; discb lOMyl9. GILLAM, JOHN C., 38, Coffeyville, Kans.: b Ill; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; sgt; disch 27Myl9. GILLESPIE, EDWIN D., Forest River, N. D.: b N D; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr 29Ag17, sdlr 12F18; disch 1OMyl9. GIVING, ERNEST E., 18, Sioux Falls, S. D.: b N Y; tr from 2OCav to HdqCo 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; disch 10Myl9. GLASGOW, EDWARD L., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F l2Apl7 Minneapolis; corpl. lApl8; tr to FAReplU lReplDep 6D18. GLEASON, CHESTER, 24, New Orleans: h La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 18JI18; pvt; disch 13Myl9. GLENZKE, CLAYTON H., 19, Hopkins: b Wis; enl Btr-y C 22J~e16 St Paul; tr to MC 26Ag17, to FHospl63 24Ja19, to SnDet 151FA 10F19; pvt lc l9Je17, pvt 3S18; WA 7Mrl8; disch 1OMyl9. GOHDE, DANIEL W., 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 14JI16 Ft Snelling; corpl 2J117; WA(severely) 28Oct18; overseas 9F18 to 26Apl9; disch 10Myl9. GOLDMAN, ALFRED M'., 24, Albany, N. Y.: b Tex; tr as capt from 76FA to 151FA lJal9; disch 5Je20 and retd to RA status as 1 st It. GOLDNER. CHARLES, 17, Minneapolis: b Ohio; enl Btry A 5JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 10Jel8; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 26Mrl9; disch 15Apl9. GOLDSTEIN. LOUIS, 22, Minneapolis: b N Y; enl Btry A 31J116 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch lOMyl9. GOMBAR, WALLACE, 22, Middletown, Penn.: b Austria; tr from 4RecrCo GenSvlnf Ft Slocum to Btry D 151FA 28Agl7; pvt lc lOAgl8, pvt 10N18; WA 10Oct18; disch 3Myl9. GOOD, STANLEY J., Minneapolis: b Austria; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr 29Agl7, hs 1JI18; disch 10My19. ROSTER 365 GOODING, ORBA H., 20, Crane, Mo.: b Mo; enl Btry C 30Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1518; disch lOMyl9. GOODWIN, JOSEPH A., 18, Dayton: b Dayton; enl Btry A 2OAp17 St Paul; pvt; disch s C d 6Ja18. GOOLER, JOE, 46, Minneapolis: b Vt; enl Btry B lOAgl6 Ft Snelling; ck 15517, pvt 2lJaI8, corpl 4My18, pt24Je18; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd tto UIf S 28Mr19; disch 15Apl9. GOOSELAW, GEORGE E., 22, St. Vincent: b St Vincent; tr from 3Inf MNG to Hdq Co 151FA 25Agl7, to Btry C 3S17; pvt lc 1N17, pvt, pvt lc; disch lOMyl9. GORDENIER, WILLIAM H., 23 St Paulb St Paul; enl Btry C 23JI17 MYinneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 8S17. GORMAN, MICHAEL, 28, Newark, N.J. b Ireland; tr from 165Inf to BtryJB 151 FA4Jel8; pvt IC 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 7D18. GORMAN, THOMAS H., 23, Minneapolis: b Amiret; eni Btr B 24Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC IS17, hs 1Oct18; WA 30J118; disch lOMyl9. GOSNELL, WRAY F., 20, La Crosse, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt lc 28Jel7, mech 12JaI8; disch lOMy19. GOUDY, WILEY C., 23, Proctor, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. GOW, ARTHUR 5., 25, Hibbing: b Wis; comsd capt lOApl7 and assnd to Btry F; WA 20Mr18; tr to Tank Corps J118. GRADIN, ALGOT, 29, Isanti: b Sweden; enl Btry A 7Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc I0N17, hs 22Mr18; disch lOMyI9. GRAHAM, CLARENCE L., 21, Lynn, Mass.: b N Y; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 28Ag17; pvt; WA(severely) 21M~rI8; retd to U S 25Jal9; disch 21Mrl9. GRAHAM, EZRA W., 24, Ind.: b Ind; comsd 2d It 12J118 and assnd to Btry A 151FA; WA 8N18; tr to 3401nf 2lJal9. GRAHAM-, LEVIN C., 20, Minneapolis: b N J; enl Btry D 26Je16 Minneapolis; pvt IC 25J117; tr to HdqCo 8Ap18; WA 9Mr18 and about 8N18; tr to 337Inf Cp Merritt 24N18. GRAM-LICH, JOSEPH V., 26, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA IlN18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. GRANDSKOLD, WALTER N., 24, Minneapolis: b Norman Co; enl Btry F llApl7 Minneapolis; mech 29Jel7, c mech 10D18; disch l0My19. GRANSTROM, JOHN B., 29, Minneapolis: b Sweden; eni Btry A 11JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to 42Div AerDet 14F18, to Btrv A 151FA 4Mrl8; pvt lc 19N18; disch 1OMIy19. GRAVELL, LEON, 21, Duluth: b Mich- tr from 125FA to HdqCo 151FA I8N18; pvt; overseas 9J118 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. GREAVES, JOHN, 22, Minneapolis: b Ireland; enl Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; corpl lJel7, sgt lJ118, mess sgt 1N18; WA 7Mrl8, 10My18 and 22S18; disch 1OM'y19. Cited in RO 12Mr18 and in DO 11Je18. GREEN, ALVIN E., 31, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry B 151FA 10J118; pvt; WA 27Oct18; retd to U S I9Mr19; disch 30MrI9. GREEN, CHARLES A., 41, Minneapolis: b Ill; comsd maj 23JI17 and assnd to 1st Bn; overseas 14N17 to 15Apl9; apptd adj and tr to BSec2; FA unassnd from N18. Cited in army orders 19Ap19 and awarded Croix de la Ldgion d'Honneur. GREEN, JOHN, 27, St. Paul: b New Zealand; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch I0MyI9. GREEN, JOHN, 30, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry A lAgl6 Ft Snelling; hs lJal7; disch IOM~yI9. GREENE, CLYDE, 24, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry B 16J117 Ft Sne~lling; pvt le 26Mrl8; retd to U S 6Mrl9; disch 28M.y19. GREENGARD, PHILIP P., 18, White Bear: b St Paul; enl Btry C 26Apl7 St Paul; pvt; overseas 12F18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. GREENSTEIN, ANDREW E., 29, Jamestown, N. D.: b Tex; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA 14J118; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. GREGER. PETER, 25, Shenandoah, Penn.: b Austria; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. GRENDA, STANLEY, 25, Chicago: b Russia; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 25Ag17;pvt IC lAgl7, pvt, pvt lc 10D18; disch 7M'yl9. GRIFFIN, JOHN H., 25, Germantown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from l55DepBrig to Btry D 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 20My19. GRIFFITH, ALFRED 0., 23, Pleasants Co., W. Va.: h W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry A 151~FA llApl8; pvt IC 7Agl8; disch 9My19. GRIFFITHS, CLARENCE M,., 28, Minneapolis: b N Y; enl Btry A lJel7 Minneapolis; sgt lAgl7; tr to 3SSvCo SC 24My18. GRINDELAND, INGOLF A 28, Warren: b Warren; enl Btry A 15'~17 C Mills tr to HdqCo 12S18; mus 2c 1~N38; r'et'd to U S 2Ap19; disch I9Apl9. GRISSON, AUBREY H., 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 13Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 20Agl7, corpl I2TeI8; WA about 28Oct18; retd to U 8 8Ap19; disch 18Ap19. GROSS, ALBION 0., 26, Lamoille: b Homer; enl Btry B 265J117 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1DI7, corpl lApl8; WA 21Mr18; disch lOMy19. GROSS, MORRIS N., 23, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E IJ117 Minneapolis; pvt IC 20JaI8; retd to U S 4Ap19; disch s c d I8Jel9. GROSSMAN, ABRAHAM H., 23, Philadelphia: b N Y; tr from 1 17FSBn to Btry B 151FA 30Apl8; pvt Ic l6Ja19; disch 3My19. GROVE, GEORGE W., 29, Monongah, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry E 151FA 6ApI8; pvt; disch 8MyI9. GROVER, ROLLO D., 22, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 20Jel6 Minneapolis; sgt 21ApI8, 1st sgt 4NI8, sgt 3Mrl9; overseas 15M~r18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. GROVER, SILAS A., 23, Waterville: b Waterville; enl HdqCo 18JI117 Minneapolis; tr to OrdnDet lMyI9; pvt; disch 1OMjy19. 366 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD -ARTILLERY GROVES, OMER, 30, Minneapolis: b Ind; enI Btry E 4Je17 Minneapolis; tr to Hd Co lOJaI8; pvt lc 26Apl8; disch GROW, JOHN W., 26, Roanoke, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 15N18 and assnd to Btry C 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 8My19. GRZYBACH, STEVE, 18, Chicago: b Austria; eni Btry A 8Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c lApl8, corpl 9Agl8; disch 10Myl9. GUDVANGEN, JOHN 0., 24, Hanska: b Norway; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 23Agl7, to Btry F 19S17; pvt lc 10D18; disch lOMyl9. GUGLIOZZA, VINCENT, 22, New York: b Italy; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; disch 3My19. GUHL, HENRY, 44, St. Paul: b Caledonia; enl Btry C 4Ap17 St Paul; sup sgt lApl7, hs lAgl7, mech 13Myl8; disch 10Myl9. GUINTA, VITO', 29, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3M~y19. GUNDERSON, HAROLD C., 19, Minneapolis: b Winona; enl Btry E lOApi? Minneapolis; pvt lc 20Jal8, corpI 4Jel8, sgt 14Apl9; disch 10My19. GUNDERSON, STANLEY H., 19, Minneapolis: h Iowa; enl Btry E 4Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20Ja18, corpl 7Ag18; disch 1OMy19. Cited in RO 12Mr18 and in DO 11Je18. GUSTAFSON, FRANK W., 27, Minneap olis: b Ill; tr from lInf MING to SupERo151FA 23Agl7; pvt; tr to 344B3n Tank Corps 12Mr18. GUSTAFSON, HENRY J., 29, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry A 28Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 10N17; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 26M~r19; disch 15Apl9. GtJSTAVSON, IRVIN, 24, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl HdqCo 22Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1Ap18, ck 2Myl8, pvt 5Ag18; tr to l67FHosp ll7SnTn 13Mrl9. H HAAK, JOSHUA, 23, Sheridan, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 7Jel9. HABBERSTAD, RALPH 0., 24, Hutchinson: h Duluth; enl Btry C 19Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt lc 15NI7, corpl 1lJa18, sgt 1D18; retd to U S 30Je19; disch 8JI19. HABERFIELD, JOHN E., 23, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt ic; disch Myl9. HABERTHUR, MORRIS, 19, Canton, Ohio: b Switzerland; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 24Ag17; wagr 19S17; pvt iS 18, wagri D18, pvt 4Ja19, wagr 1Myl9; disch l0M~yl9. HACKNEY, HAROLD, 19, St. Paul: b Madelia; enl Btry A 25Ap17 St Paul; mech 2J1,pvt llJal8, pvt Ic lApl8, mech 14My18; disch 10Myl9. HAGGERTY, JAMES J., 27,B Philadelphia: b Penn; tr fom 3 14F toB try E 151iFA 14N18; pvt; disch 3M~yl9. HAGGIS, LOUIS T., 23, New York: b Greece; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 26Ag17; pvt 1c ID18; disch 3My19. HAGMAN, DEWEY H., 19, Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; tr to OrdnDet 23Ap18; pvt Ic 28Jel7, pvt 17S17, corp, 26Ap18; disch 10 M~y9. HAGSTROM, WILLIAM E., 21, Mfinneapolis: h Mich; enl HdqCo 30Je16 St Paul; corpl, hn sgt maj, regtl sgt maj; conmsd 2d It 3D)17; disch 28My19 Cp Dodge. HAIGHT, ALBERT G., 21, Chicago: b Iowa; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry C 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 27M'yl9. HALE, FRANK R., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 23Apl7; pvt; WA 15Jel8; disch 1OM.y19. HALE, FRASER, 24, Winnetka, Ill.: h Canada; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJaI8; tr to 8FrA as aerial ohserver 30Apl8. HALE, HERBERT W., 21, Minneapolis: h N Y; enl HdqCo l2Apl7 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry D 7Mr19; corpl IJ117, sgt 2My18; disch lOMyl9. HALEVY, NATHAN, 23, St. Paul: b Russia; tr from lInf MNG to Btry B 151FA, to HdqCo 9Apl8; pvt; disch 7My19. HALEY, LOUIS, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. HALL, CHANNING M., 28, Williamshurg, Va.: h Va; comsd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; tr to 132FA 14Oct18. HALL, GILBERT, 20, Hutchinson; b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 18Apl7 Hutchinson; pvt lc 15N17, corpl 5Oct18; WA 26Myl8; disch 10Myl9. Cited in RO 3lMy18. HALL. LEVI M., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 26Je16 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to OTC Ft Snelling 14Myl7; disch 14Agl7 to acc com. HALL, LEWIS B., 31, Mannington, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry F 151FA 16Apl8; pvt; disch 8Myi9. HALL, RHOUDY, 23, Lucas, Iowa: h Iowa; tr from 336FA to Btry E 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. HALLORAN, DAVID J., 32, Minneapolis: h Penn; enl Btry D 9Je17 Minneapolis; mech; disch 10My19. HALLS, SOREN J., 26, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 3Ap16 Minneapolis; sgt lMrl9; WA 24JI18; retd to U S 14F19; disch lMrl9. HAMBLETT, BERT F., 19, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 M-inneapolis; pvt lc 28Je17, corpl 4Jel8; diach lOMyl9. HAMMER, GEORGE T., 23, Charlottesville, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 14N18; pvt; tr to lS4DepBrig 28Apl9. HAMMEREL. ALBERT U., 27, St. Cloud: h St Cloud; enl Btry B 15Jel7 St Paul; pvt lc 1S17, corp; Y18 J8; WA 8Ag18; retd to U S 13Mr9; disch 22Apl9. HAMMERSLEY, JAMES F., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 27J117 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry C 1S17; bglr 9D17, pvt 1Jal8; tr to TrArt N18. HAMMOND, JOHN M., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lOAgl8; disch 1OMyl9. HANDY, THOMAS T., 25, Emory, Va: b Tenn; tr as capt from Hdq 42Div to 151FA 22Ag18; prom maj 14Oct18; tr to 9FA 5My19. ROSTER 367 HANER, EMIL, 34, Enterprise, Kans.: b Switzerland; enI Btry B 9Ag16 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo 22Ag16, to Btry A 30Agl6, to Btry E *147FA 9Apl8, to Btry A 151FA 9My18; pvt lc 10N17; overseas lM'rl8 to 24My19; disch l4Jel9. HANES, LAWRENCE C., 27, St. Marys, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 14N18; sgt 29Agl8, pvt 6Mrl9; disch 8My19. HANKS, JAMES F., 23, Anderson, S. C.: b S C; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 14My19. HANKS, MATTHEW E., 21, Russellville, Ark.: b Ark; tr from 11 7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 25D18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. HANLEY, CLARENCE C., 23, Ellis: b N D; enI Btr B 26JI17 Minneapolis; pvt lc ID17, sdlr 14Mr19; WA(severely) 30JI18; disch lOMyl9. HANLEY, RAY, 21, Minneapolis: b Ill; enI Btry F 21Jel7; tr to 9upCo 3J117; wagr; disch a c d 16Ag17. HANNIGAN, PATRICK, 28, Chicago: b Ill; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7M~yl9. HANS, OTTO J., 22, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; corpl; retd to U S 18F19; disch a c d 9Ag19. HANSEN, ANTON 0 33, St. Paul: b Norway; enj Btry A 4J'e17 St Paul; pvt le 19S17, pvt 6My18, pvt lc 7Agl8; WA( severely) 28Oct18; tr to ll6AmTn 23Jal9. HANSEN, HANS C., 25, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry C 19JI17 Ft Snelling; ck 1S17, pvt lJal8; disch lOMyl9. HANSEN, HARBOR J., 20, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enI Btry C 20Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt; tr to ArtSchDet A-PO 711 23F18. HANSEN, LOUIS E., 30, Minneapolis: b Minn; enI Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; hs 9Agl7; tr to 3d Army ReplBn 1F19, to Btry D 151FA 15F19; disch 10My19. HANSEN, TRYGVE, 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic IS17, hglr 13F18; disch I0Myl9. HANSON, CARL R., 22, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry- E 26Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20JaI8; WA 7Mr18; retd to U S 5Apl9; disch 26MyI9. Cited in RO 12Mr18. HANSON, ELMER M., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 19j116 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1S17; tr to l63DepBrig MylI9. HANSON, HAROLD N., 25, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry A I1JI17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lApl8, corpl. 4S18; disch 1OMyl9. HANSON, HOMER, 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl MC lOApl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c: d 20Ag17. HANSON, JAMES C., 25, Canhy: b St Paul; enl Btry E 14Je17 Minneapolis- tr to HdqCo l9Jel8; pvt lc 20Jal8; WA 8Mr18 and (severely) 3Agl8; retd to U S 27My19; disch 5Je19. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. HANSON, JOHN, 26, St. Paul: b Norway; enl Btry C 16JI16 St Paul; pvt; disch 10My19. HARCH, CHARLES A., 26, St. Cloud: b Mich; enl Btry A 25JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to Hdq 67FABrig IM'r18. HARDGROVE, ALVEN E., 27, St. Paul: b Mont; enl Btry B 24J117 Ft Snelling; pvt lc, corpl. M17D, sgt 17MT18; disch I1J118 to acc com. HARDING, JAMES R., 28, Faribault: b St Paul; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 24Ag17; corpl. IN17, pvt 29N18; WA 18Oct18; disch lOMyl9. HARDY, FRED, 31, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry C 19Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. HARGIS, CHARLES J., JR., Gretna, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13M'y19. HARGREAVES, THOMAS E., 18, Minneapolis: b Owatonna; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Owatonna; pvt; disch 22Ag1 7 acct fraudulent enlistment. HARKINS, CHARLES P. 24 Norristown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 3141!A to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. HARKINS, MATTHEW J., 23, Wohurn, Mass.: b Mass; tr from 6FA to Btry C 151FA 28D17; pvt lc hlApl8; disch 6Myl9. HARKNESS, EDSON M., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpI llMyl8; disch lOMyl9. HAROLDSON, THOMAS, 20, Cottonwood: b Norway; enl Btry F 12J117 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 3401nf 10F19. HARPER, JOHN G., Cornell, Wis.: b Wis; enI Btry B 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt; tr to 279M'PCo l8Jal9. HARPER, PAUL 5., 27, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; tr to 3371nf 8F19. HARRELL, JOHN W., 24, Hampton, Va.: b N C; tr from lS6DepBrig to Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; tr to 3rO~upTn 7F19. HARRINGTON. FRANK E., 32, Westport: b Westport; enl Btry A 13Ap17 St Paul; pvt; tr to 3OlBn Tank Corps. HARRINGTON, WILLIAM J., 33, St. Paul: b Mich; comsd 1st It (chap SXgil7; prom capt 13Mr19; disch 12My419 Cp Dodge. HARRIS, EDWARD D., 23, Philadelphia: b Penn; comsd 1st It 15Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; tr to 6BalCo IJI18. HARRISON, KENNETH D., 24, Arlington, Tex.: b Tex; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; prom 1st It 29Ag18; WA 12Oct18; disch 3Jel9. HARRISON, LEIGH C., 22, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 23Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 21Apl7; tr to FARD 13Apl8. HARRISON, RANDOLPH C 24, Rich. mond, Va.: b Va; tr as 2d It from 'Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; tr to 99AerSq. HARTIN, JOHN C 18, Minneapolis: b Hastings; enl Hdqeo 30Jl16 Minneapolis; corpl IJI17, pvt 30S18; WA 23Oct18; retd to U S 6Oct19; disch 17D19. HARTLEY, EDWARD W., 24, Everett, Wash.: b Minneapolis; comsd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to 151FA 3S17; cas from 29Apl9. HARTMAN, EDGAR A., 17, New York: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry C 151FA 13J118; pvt lc; tr to CasBn 28Apl9. HARTRANFT, RAYMOND C., 23, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. 368 HISTORY OP THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY HARVEY, THOMAS T., 24, Denver: b Col; enI Btry C 23Je16; corpl 9Ag16, sgt 7JI17; comsd 2d It 3N17; tr to 34FA. HARVEY, THORNDYKE, 36, Detroit, Mich.: b Penn; tr as 1st It from 328FA to 67FABrig 14Oct18 and assnd to SupCo 151FA 21Oct18; disch 22My19. HASENFUS, GEORGE, 28, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig I1N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3My19. HASKINS, JOHN L., 28, Minneapolis: b Morton; comsd maj MC 2IF17; WA 6My18; tr to BHosp43 24J118. HASTINGS. CHARLES E., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 3A 16 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 19S17; WA 28?18 and 27JI18; retd to U S 23JaI9; disch 12F19. HASTINGS. HAROLD A., 24, Minneapolis: b joy; enl Btry E 4Je17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 20Ja18; WA 15JI18; disch 10My19. HATGES, JOHN, 24, Minneapolis: b Greece; enI Btry F 25Je17 Minneapolis; tr to FAReplRegt, to Btry A 65CAC to Btry F 151FA 24Ja18; pvt; WA 21918; overseas 10F18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. HAUGE, ARNE, 21, St. Paul: b Norway; enI Btry C 28Je17 St Paul; tr to SupCo lAgl7; pvt; tr to 54CAC 25Mr18. HAWKINS, CHARLIE, 29, New Orleans: b Ga; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry D 151FA 19JI18; pvt; WA 7S18; retd to U S 15Mr19; disch 12Ap19. HAWLEY, HAROLD H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry D 14Ap17; pvt Ic 15Je18, corpI ID18; WA 9Mr18 and 14Je18; disch lOMyl9. HAYES, RICHARD F., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry B 13JI16 Ft Snelling; corpI 10JI17, sgt 1D18, stbI sgt 12D18; disch lOMyl9. HAYES, WALLACE R., 20, Bernardsville, N. J.: b Penn; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry E 151FA lAgl8; pvt; WA 11Oct18; disch 25My19. HAYNES, GEORGE W., 33, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry A 5JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic lAp18; WA(severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S 6Mr19; disch s c d 18S20. HAYWARD, WILEY H., 33, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; sgt, 1st sgt 27Je17; disch 1OMyl9. HEATH, HOWARD V., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI HdqCo 21Ap17 Minneapolis; mus 3c 22Je17, mus 2c 8ApI7; disch l0My19. HEBERT, ALBERT J., 18, Houma, La.: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry B 151FA lAg18; pvt; tr to 3d Army ReplRegt 23N18. HEFT, CHARLES F., 24, Hellertown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. HEGG, ELMER R., 28, Minneapohis: b Wis; enI HdqCo, 20Ag17 Ft Snellin g; mus 3c 27Ag17, mus 2c IN18; disch lOMyl9. HEGG, RAYMOND P., 24, Copas: h Stillwater; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry A I51FA 25Ag17; pvt 1c l~jelI8; dlisch 10My19. HEIL, ASHER D., 26, Bethlehem, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. -HEILLE, CARL J., 25, Wales, N. D.: b Bluifton; enI Btry A 18J117; pvt; killed in action 26Oct18. HELFERICH, PHILLIP E., 30, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 14Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl, lApl8; tr to 9lCo, TrC 3Je18. HELGESEN, CLAUDE H., 27, Minneapolis: b Iowa; comsd 1st It 22Je16 and assnd to Btry E; tr to 132FA 24Ap18. HELGESON, BOYD Q., 27, Clyde Park, Mont.: b N D; enI Btry E 7Je17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c, corpl, agt, sgt 1c; tr to FARepIRegt 4lDiv 8Mr18. HELM, OSCAR R., 26, Slayton: b Red Lake Falls; enl Btry A 29J117 Ft Snelling; mech 10N17; tr to ll7AmTn 19Je18. HELMETZ, JOSEPH W., 22, Cleveland, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from ll7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 8My19. HELWICK, LEONARD J., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13M'y19. HENDERSHOTT, ARTHUR N., 20, St. Paul: b Penn; enl Btry A l4Ap17 St Paul; pvt 1c 6My18; WA 27My18 and (severely) 5Oct18; retd to U S 31Mrl9; diach 1lApl9. HENDERSON, ANGUS F., 24, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl HdqCo 22Je16 Minneapolia; corpl 28Ap17, agt 1N17, corpI 8Agl8; tr to 3OlSupTn 26Ja19. HENDERSON, EXA, 21, Bagdad, Fla.: b Ala; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; WA (severely) 27Oct18; tr to 3381nf 26F19. HENDERSON, RODERICK W., 19, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl HdqCo 20Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic lAgI8, pvt 1Mr19; disch 20My19. HENDRICKSON, NORMAN E., 23, Minneapolis: b Rushford; enI HdqCo 22Mrl6 Minneapolis; sgt bn sgt maj; comsd 2d It 3N17, 1st It 19918; retd to U S 29JI19; disch 16Ag19 Cp Dodge. HENKE, WILLIAM C., 22, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl SupCo 28Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. HENKLE, LAWRENCE, 22, Madison: b Va; tr from 2Inf MNG to 151FA 29Ag17, to Btry B 19S17; pvt; tr to CR0 23Ja19. HENNING, WALTER G, 23, Chicago: b Ill; tr from l3Btry AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt ic ID18; disch 7Myl9. HENRY, PHILIP C., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17; WA 10Oct18; disch lOMyl9. HENSLEY, PER, 22, Mt. Gay, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from Cp Lee ARD to 67FABrig 28Mr18 and assnd to Btry F 151FA 16Ap18; pvt; retd to U S 7ApI9; disch 19Ap19. HERBLIN, LOUIS B., 27, Gainesville, Tex.: b Ala; comsd 2d It 12JI18 and assnd to 151FA; disch 7My19. HERMAN. GEORGE W., 17, Montrose: b Delano; enl Btry E 14JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt ic J118; retd to U S llMr19; disch' 24Mr19. HERMESH, RUSSELL, 23, Greensburg, Ind.: b Ind; tr from 338FA to Btry D 151FA 12Jel8; pvt Ic 16N18; dsch IOM.y19. ROSTER 369 HERNEKER, HARRY F., 25, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 1 Si1FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. HESS, HARRY, 28, Glenville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; disch 9My19. HESSLER, THEODORE, 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry A 25Ap17 St Paul; Pvt lC 1Oct18; WA (severely) 28Oct18; tr to ll6AmTn 23Jal9. HEWITT, NEIL V., 21, Stillwater: b Nebr; enl Btry B 3My17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pvt ic lAg18, corpl 29N18; disch 10My19. HEY, JOHN F., Philadelphia: b Penn- tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 141418; pvt; disch 3My19. HIATT, ALPHTON, 18, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry D 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 1S17. HICKS, FRED, 28, Eminence, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 6MyI9. HIGGINSON. WILLIAM E., 26, North Abingdon, Mass.: b Mass; tr from Hdq 42Div to HdqCo 151FA 3Jal9; mus 3c; tr to CasDet I0M'yI9. HILIBERT, RUSSELL F., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 12Ap17; pvt IC 1Ja18; disch 10MyI9. HILL, DAVID P, 23, Ontario, Canada: b Scotland; enl HdqCo 27Je16 St Paul; corpi 25J117, ck 9AgI7, pvt 19Agl7, wagr 4Jel8, ck ISM8 retd to U S 20Jel9; disch 9J119. HILL, EARL B., 24, Medora. N. D.: b Conn; tr from 20Cav to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17; corpl. 1OJal8, sgt 21Mr18, stbl sgt lAp18, pvt 5Oct18; disch 17My19. Cited in RO 18N18. HILL. JACK, 22, Minneapolis: b Finland; enI Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry B 30Je17; pvt; disch 1OM~yI9. HILLIARD, ROBERT E., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpI 28Je17, pvt 22Ja18, corpI 2My18, pvt 7Je18, pvt ic 4My19; WA 8Mr18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO l2Mr18. *HIRST, THOMAS G., 25, Philadelphia: b Penn; comsd 1st It 15Ag17 and assnd to Btry E 1IiFA; died 2N18 of wounds received in action. HOAG, WILLIAM, 36, St. Paul: b N Y; comsd capt 5Ap17 and assnd to SupCo; discb 28MyI9. HOELLER, BERNARD, 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C lJel7 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 8Ap18, to SupCo 21Ag18; pvt ic 16J117, corpI lAg17, pvt 6Ap18, pvt ic 1Oct18; disch lOMy19. HOFFMAN, ALBERT, 30, Minneapolis: b N Y; enl Btry D lAgl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 17Oct17. HOFFMAN, HENRY J., 23 Virginia: b Little Falls; enl Btry C 3 0Ag16 St Paul; pvt ic 19N18; disch 1OMyI9. Cited in RO 20JI18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. HOFFMAN, WILLIAM, A., 19, Brownton: b Brownton; enl Btry A 21Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 7AgI8, corpl 18N18; WA 6Ag18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch I9Ap19. HOGAN, WILLIE V., 24, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141 FA to Btry C 15I iFA 19JI18; pvt; disch I3My19. HOGFELDT, FRANK, 25, Hills: b Sweden; enl Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; hs, pvt 14JI18; disch 1OMyl9. HOGLUND, OTTO, 31, Duluth: b Sweden; tr from 3Inf M'NG to HdqCo 151FA 24AgI7, to Btry C 15S17; pvt IC IJal8; disch lOMyl9. HOLDEN, FERN W., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 7Ag16 Ft Snelling; corpI 2JI17, sgt l5Ja18, mess sgt I7Ja18, pvt I8Mr18, corpl. 2Apl8, pvt 7My18; WA (severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S 26Mr19; disch l5Ap19. HOLDHUSEN. GEORGE R., 29, Two Harbors: b Wis; enI Btry B 28JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1D17, corpI 1.JaI8, pvt 19Ap18 corpl 1J118; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 26Mr19; disch I5Ap19. HOLMAN, JOHN, 23, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry F 1Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1S17; tr to 329MGBn 24N18. HOLMES. JOSEPH A.. 22, Washington, D. C.: b N C; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry E 151FA Ijal8; tr to Hdq 67FABrig Apl8. HOLT, HENRY, 29, Gibbon: b Gibbon; enI Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; ck; retd to U S 24Mr19; disch 5Ap19. HOLT, HUGH L., 21, Lawrenceville, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; retd to U S 30Je19; disch s c d 7J119. HOLTZE, HENRY G., 39, Minneapolis: b Wis,; enl Btry E 6Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0MyI9. HOPKINS, WALDO, 31, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to HdqCo I5lFA lAg18; pvt; tr to 3401nf 19Oct18. HOPKINS, WALTER P., 26, Hastings: b Hastings; enl Btry B 20Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMy19. HORNER, ERVIN M., 21, Hopkins: b Hopkins; enI Btry D llAp17 Minneapolis; pvt; on det sv from 1Oct17; tr to 3llBn Tank Corps 4My18. HORTON. FRANK C.. 26, Bald Eagle: b Ill; enl MC 9My17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 28Oct18; disch 1OMy19. HORTON, HARRY J., 20, Johnstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. HOSTETLER, LEO D., 17, Marshall: b Jasper; enI Btry F 19Ap17; pvt; disch lOMyl9. HOSTETTLER, RUDIE, 22, Plainview: b Rolling Stone; enl Btry A 19J116 Ft Snelling; hs 8Agl6, pvt 14Ag17; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. *HOWALT. AXEL N., 23, Duluth: b Mich; enl Btry B 10J116 Duluth; sgt 10J117, corpl 25S17, sgt 20N17; died lAgl8 of wounds received in action. HOWARD, CHARLES, 22, Highwood: b Highwood; enl Btry B 27Je17 Ft Snelling; corpl 1Agl7, pvt 1JI18, corpl 1D18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 20JI18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre with gilt star. HOWARD, GEORGE E., 23, Danville, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 26Jel.9. HOWARD, HENRY C., 19, Brainerd: b Little Falls; enI Btry F 13Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 15JI18; disch 1OXy19. 370 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY HOWARD, McKINLEY, 21, Brainerd:: b Lincoln; eni Btry F 27Je17 Ft Snelling; ck lN17; retd to U S 27Myl9; disch 19Jel9. i HOWELL, FRANK E., 22, Anoka: b Excelsior; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 5S17; pvt lc ljel8; tr to 3381nf 10F19. HOWELL, THOMAS A., 18, Anoka: b Excelsior; tr from 3Inf M'NG to SupCo 151FA 5S17; pvt Ic, wagr 4Jal9,; disch lOMyl9. HOY, SHERMAN J., 22, Stillwater: b Stiliwater; tr from 147FA to BWry` C 151FA 2lMy18; pvt ic; disch 1OMy19. HROMADKO, RICHARD H., 18, Hopkins: b Hopkins; enI Btry D 1 lApl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc l5Je18, corpi 29N18; 'disch lOMyl9. HUBBARD, JOHN D., 21, Minneapolis: b New Ulm; eni Btry F 12Ap17 Minineapolis; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pft;!-diesch 15Myl9. HUGHES, THOMAS F., JR., 26, $t.' paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 12Je17 StiPul pvt lc 1D17, corpI 1D18; WA 17Mr8 disch 19Myl9. HULL, RAY, 29, Dassel: b Dassel; enl Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo; pvt; disch s c d 17Oct17. HULLINGHORST, ARMAND L. 24, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to ]Btry E 151FA 19e18 pvt; disch 13Myl9. HUMPHREY, RALPH A., 21, Minneapolis: li Minneapolis; tr from 117 FSBn to Btry F 151FA 24D18; pvt ic; disch 1OMy19. HUNNEWELL, NORMAN F., 26, Winchester, Mass.: b Mass; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry C 151FA lJal8; tr to llBn FARDep 1 Ag18 HUNT, EDWARD H., 24, Pipestone: b Pipestone; enl Btry A 25JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 10N17; WA (severely) 28Oct18; tr to 3381nf 15N18. HUNTER, ELVIN 5.,, 21, Sargent Mo: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to ~btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt lc 5Mrl9; disch 6My19. HUNTINGTON, JOHN C., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 28Je16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1S17; WA (severely) 17MT18; disch 5My19. Cited in RO 18Mrl8. HUNTRESS, FRANK H., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 25Ap17 St Paulpvt; WA (severely) about 27Oct18; retd to U S 22Mrl9; disch 25Ap19. HURST, WILLIAM W., 21, Stillwater: b Hugo; enl SnDet 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc l5Myl8, surg asst lJel8; disch lOMyl9. HUSOVSKY, GEORGE, 32, Minneapolis: b Hungary; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl. Jal7, pvt 23Oct17, pvt lc lOAgl8, mech 4Mrl9; disch 10Myl9. HUTCHINSON, GEORGE, 32, St. Paul: b England; enl Btry C 24Je16 St PaulcorpI 10JI17, p vt 11S17, ck 4M'y18, corpl 1Agl8, pvt 15 18; retd to U S l8Mrl 9 disch 5Ap19. HYDE, WILLIAM B 25 Austin: b Wis; tr from 2Inf MN6 t~' HdqCo 151FA 15 17- to Btry C 18S17; pvt lc 17Apl8; WA71118; disch 1OM;Y19. HYDEL, SIDNEY F., 28, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt lc 1D18; disch 17Myl9. HYLAND, JAMES G., 18, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; bglr; WA(severely) 15JI18; tr to 3381nf IOFi9. IGOE, FRANK, 27 Chicago: b Minneapolis; tr from 20dav to Btry F 151FA *6517; pvt; tr to lPLdryCo Cp Johnston 28517. (Died of pneumonia 6Apl8.) *IKERD, HOUSTON L., 18, Hattiesburg, Miss.: h Miss; tr from Hdq 42Div to SupCo 151FA lAg18; wagr ID18; disch 13Myl9. INCE, EUGENE 5., 23, Minneapolis: h British West Indies; enl Btry C 17JI17 -,Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 15S17, to Btry E; pvt; retd to U S 9Ja19; disch 27Ja19. INGEGARD, KNUTE, 27, Chicago: h Nor'Way; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry F 1!151FA 6N18; pvt 1c ID18; disch 7My19. 'IRVINE. ALAN C., 18, Portland, Ore.: b Ore; tr from 1621nf to Btry F 151FA 1OMy18; corpl 1D18; disch 17M'yl9. Cited in RO 19Ag18. IVES, RUSSELL B., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl SupCo 28Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. J JAAX, HUBERT, 22, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry D 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 30Ag17, pvt lAg18; disch l0M'y19. JAAX, RAYMOND, 21, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enI Btry D 14Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17, corpl 4D17, pvt 9Ag18, pvt lc 16N18; disch 1OMy19. JACKMAN, JEROME, 35, Minneapolis: h N Y; comsd capt 20My15 and assnd to Btry E; apptd adj 2d Bn; tr to GSCol Ni17. JACKSON, CHARLEY, 25, St. Paul: h St Paul; enl Btry A 16Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 7Agl8, pvt 1Oct18, pvt lc 1D18; disch 10My19. JACOBS, DELBERT H., 22, Paden City, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 6Ja19; mess sgt; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 18Apl9. JACOBS FRANK M., 20, Milnor, N. D.: b Waciena; enl Btry E 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; on det sv from 5S17; tr to CasDet 42Div 7F18. JACOBS, GRANT R., 23, Minneapolis: b Ohio; enl Btry E 2Mrl6 Minneapolis; corpl 3J116, c miech 19Oct16, sgt 3N17; WA 9Mr18 and (severely) 15JI18; retd to U S 5Ja19; disch 6F19. JACOBSEN, ROLF P., 20, Minneapolis: h Fer us Falls; enl Btry D 17Ap 17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 16N18; WA 26J5118; disch 10My19. JACOBSON, CARL B., 20, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry A 15Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 19S17; disch 10Myl9. JACQUES, EDMOND R., 20, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry E 8D15 Minneapolis; corpl 11S17; disch lOMy19. ROSTER 371 JACQUOT, REGINALD J., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry F l2Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E 15J117; pvt ic 5N18, corpi, 27N18, pvt 28D18, corpl 28a1.9; retd to U S 20Mr19; disch 5Apl9. JAEGER, EDWARD, 26, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. JAHNKE, RAYMOND G., 25, Watertown: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 6J116 St Paul; pvt Ic 10N17; WA 15J118; disch 7My19. JALMA, MICHAEL M., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl 19D15 Minneapolis and assnd to HdqCo as bd ldr; comsd 2d It 8Ap19; disch 12My19 Cp Dodge. JAMESON, HARRY, 20, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13MyI9. JANSEN, ALBERT, 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 20Jel6; lance corpl, 1S17, corpl. 26F18, pvt 1JI18, pvt lc 1Di8; tr to 42M'PCo 3D18. JARDINE, ARCHIE W., 23, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enI Btry D 23F16 Minneapolis; sgt; tr to ROTC Ft Snellinig Myl17; disch 14Ag1 7 to acc com. JEFFCOAT, BENJAMIN A., 25, Dozier, Ala.: b S C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 16My19. JENKINS, DON A., 24, Minneapolis: b Ind; enl Btry E 14Ap17 Minneapolis; mech 5N17, pvt IC l2Ja18; disch 20Apl9. JENKINS, WILLIAM S., JR., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; comsd capt 17Ap17 and assnd to Btry B; apptd bn adj 20Ag17; disch 27Ag17 to enter ROTC. JENSEN, AXEL, 21, Hutchinson: b Denmark; enl Btry C 16Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt ic l1Ap18, corpl, lJ118; disch lOMyl9. JENSEN, CHRISTIAN A., 38, M~inneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry E 18SI5 Minneapolis; tr to Btry F; 1st sgt 18JI17; disch IOMyl9. JENSEN, CHRISTIAN B., 22, Frederick, Wis.: b N D; enl Btry A 7AglZ Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1 J118, ck 1S18, pvt 5N18, ck IDi18; WA (severely) 8Ag18; disch 10Myl9. JENSEN, GEORGE E., 19, Alden: b Alden; enl Btry A 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC lAp18; disch 10Myl9. JENSEN, HERLUF E., 21, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 16Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt lc 15N17; retd to U S 5S~iB; disch 4Ja19. JENSEN, JOHN M., 21, St Paul: b Brownton; enl Btry B 24Ag17 St Paul; pvt IC 1D17; WA 12My18 and (severely) 15JI18; disch 12Myl9. JENSEN, JORGEN 0., 24, Superior, Wis.: b Norway; enl Btry E 6Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 20JaI8; disch 15Myl9. JENSEN, PETER, 20, Downing, Wis.: b Denmark; enl Btry E 16Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl, 8D18; disch IOMy19. JENSEN, THORVALD C., 26, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry H 24Je16 Minneapolis; sgt 7Ag18; disch lOMyl9. JENSEN, WALTER 5., 23, Hutchinsona: b N Y; enl HdqCo 8Agl7 Ft Snelling; mus 3c 9Ag17, corpl 2Apl8, sgt and sup sgt 2My18; WA 8Oct18 and 28Oct18; disch I0M'y19. Cited in RO 18N18. JEROME, CLINTON A., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry D 21Je16 St Paul; tr to Btry A 15S17; corpl IN17, pvt 1J118; WA about 24Oct18; retd to U S 26Ja19; disch a, c d 18Apl9. JERSEY, BERT, 32, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl SupCo 4A 17 Minneapolis; wagr 6Ag17, mech 29g1 7; diasch lOMy19. JERSEY, FRANK. 30, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl SupCo 7Ag17 Ft Snelling; wagr 8AgI7; disch lOMyl9. JEWELL, PAUL M. 22 Minneapolis: b D C; enl Btry B 9S16 P~t Snelling; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pvt lc 1D17, corpl, l2Myl8 -WA(severely) 26My18; retd to U 2Ap19; disch 15Apl9. JODL, JOSEPH R., St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 9JeI7; pvt IC 16JI17; tr to 42MPCo 3D18. JOHANSON, CARL H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 5JI17 Ft S nelling; pvt; disch s c d 29Ag17. JOHNSON, ALBERT J., 22 Des Moines: b Iowa; enl Btry B 6Je17 gt Paul; pvt IC 1J118; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 17Apl9. JOHNSON, ANDREW M., 26, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enI Btry D 26Je16 Minneapolis; pvt IC 25JI17; disch lOMyl9. JOHNSON, ARVID B., 23,' Big Lake: b Iowa; enl Btry F 26MT17 Minneapolis; corpl l5Ja18, sgt 6Mrl9; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO l9AgI8. JOHNSON, BERNHARDT, 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C IM'yI7 St Paul; pvt; disch 2S17 acct fraudulent enlistment. JOHNSON. CARL M., 24, Tidioute, Penn.: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to SupCo 15IFA 26D18; wagr; disch 9MyI9. JOHNSON, CARL 0., 27, Minneapois; b Sweden; enl Btry A 12Ag16 Ft S nelling; pvt;- des 15S17 Cp Mills. JOHNSON, CHRIS, 26, Ruthton: b Denmark; enl Btry B 31Agl6 Ft Snelling; corpl 10JI17; disch lOMyl9. JOHNSON, CLYDE C., 22, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry E 31M~y17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. JOHNSON, ED, 35, St. Paul: b Ohioenl Btry B 30Ag16 Ft Snelling; corpi 10J117, pvt 1JI18, pvt lc l6Jal9; disch l0My19. JOHNSON, ELMER A., 18, Hopkins: b St James; enl Btr E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 15J118; disch 1OMyI9. JOHNSON, ELMER L., 27, Virginia: b Wis: enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; corpl 1S17, sgt 1D18; disch 1O~fyl9. JOHNSON. ERNEST R., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl HdqCo 21Je17 Minneapolis; mus 3c 23JeI7, mus 2c 8Ap19; disch 1OM~yl9. JOHNSON, ERNEST W., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyi9. JOHNSON, FRED H., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 28My17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lMy18,. corp 6Oct18, pvt 7Mr19, ck 8Mr19; disch IO y19. JOHNSON, HANNING G., 20 Minneapolis: b Lake City; enl Btry B 141116 Ft Snelling; corpl, 10J117, sgt lAgl7- WA (severely) 15J118; tr to 330i1A 10FI9. Cited in RO 21JI18. Awarded Distin 372 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY guished Ser-vice Cross and Croix de Guerre. JOHNSON, HAROLD A 30, Mercer, N. D.: b Sweden; tr from t~p Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 21J1l8; sdlr lOAg18; disch lOMyI9. JOHNSON, HAROLD 5., 27, St. Paul: b St Paul; comasd 2d It:21My17 and assnd to Btry B- prom 1st It 4N17; tr to FACOTS 2Ap18. JOHNSON, HARRY 0., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 28My17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 10Ag18; disch IOMty19. JOHNSON, HENRY L., 21 Canby: b S D; enl MC 21Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 6My18 and about 30Oct18; overseas 9F18 to 22N18; disch 13MrI9. JOHNSON, HERMAN, 28, MinneapoIs: b Sweden; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; wagr 16JI18, pvt IS 18, wagr lMyl9; overseas 12F18 to 26Apl9; disch 6My19. -JOHNSON, HERMAN, 28, St. Paul: b Sweden; enl Btry B 3Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic I6Jal9; died 6F19. JOHNSON, JOHN, 29, Odin: b Norway; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151 FA 23Ag17; wagr 30AgI7; disch a c d 17Oct17. JOHNSON, LEIGHTON D., 23, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; tr to SupCo 19S17, to HdqCo 19My18; ha 1D17, pvt 2Mr18, wagr 21Mr18, corpl 2ApI8, sgt 19My18, regtl sgt maj 6N18; disch 13MyI9. JOHNSON, LES, 18, Splinter, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry F 151FA 1Agl8; pvt; disch 13My19. JOHNSON, RAYMOND V., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry D 14Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1D17, corpl 24Ja18; disch 10M.y19. *JOHNSON, ROY 5., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enil Iltry D 20Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; died 13Oct18. JOHNSON, SMITH1 B., 23, Atlantic, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 21J118; corpl; tr to St Aignan CasCo 15Ja19. JOHNSON, STEVE, 22, Cheyenne, Wyo.: b Greece; tr from 117FSBn to Btry B 151FA 30Ap18; pvt IC; disch 19My19. JOHNSON, THORWALD, 20, Braham: b Sweden; enl Btry A 14JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 10N17. corpl 9Ag18; retd to U S 26MrI9; diach 15Ap19. JOHNSON, WILLIAM' H., 26, St. Paul: b Wis; tr from lInf MNG to Btry A 151FA 30Ag17, to HdqCo 8JI18; pvt IC 6M'yl8, corpl 7My18, pvt 18My18; retd to U S 3Mr19; disch s c d 5My19. JOHNSON, WILLIAM' J., 23, Luck, Wis.: b St Paul; enl Btr -A lAgl7 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 1Apl8; WA (severely) IJ118; disch 10My19. JOHNSTON, JAMES E., 23, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry A 31J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch 10My19. JOHNSTON, WILLIAM, J., 31, West Hoboken, N. J.: b N J; tr from 117FSBn to Btry F 151FA 30Apl8, to HdqCo 24N18; pvt IC; disch 3My19. JOKUS, TONEY, 20 Minneapolis: b Russia; tr from lInf MKNG to Btry B 1IiFA; pvt; disch lOMyl9. JONES, CLYDE E., 24, M'an. W. Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 8My19. JONES, EVAN E., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 21Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch phys dis 30Ag17. JONES, FLOYD C., 29, Le Rol Kans.: b Kans; tr from Cp Merritt JeARD to Btry A 151FA 10JI18; pvt ic 19N18; diach 21M~y19. JONES, GEORGE H., 19, New York: b N Y; tr from 6FA to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry C 151FA; pvt IC llApl8; disch 3My19. JONES, HUGH L., 29, Tunnelton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 14N18; pvt IC; disch 3My19. JONES, JOHN F., 23, White Bear: b Ill; enl Btry A 19JI16 St Paul; corpl 19S17, pvt 7MyI8, corpl 29N18; disch 12My19. JONES, PAUL C., 21, Farmington: b Mo; enl Btry A 14JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 22Oct18; retd to U S 3Jal9; disch 27JaI9. JONES, WALTER J., 27. St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 29My17 St Paul; pvt; disch phys dis 29Ag17. JORGENSEN, CARL R., 28, Omaha: b Denmark; tr from lInf MNG to Btry B 151FA 30Agl7; hs 1D17; disch 1OM'yl9. JORGENSON, PETER H., 26, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry F 6Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 14J117, sgt 28N17; disch 15M~y19. JULKOSSKI, ALBERT, 23, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry D 25Je16 Minneapolis; corpl lApl8, pvt 26AgI8; tr to 3OlBn Tank Corps. JUNGHAUS, FRANK L., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 20Je16 St Paul; corpl 10JI17, sgt 25S17, pvt 21MrI8, corpl lApl8; WA 27My18 and 11Oct18; retd to U S 22F19; disch 13M'r19. JUSTAD, ARTHUR, 19, Minneapolis: b Mass; enl Btry D 23JI17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1D17, pvt 16N18; disch 10My19. JUSTAD, JOSEPH, 21, Minneapolis: b Mass; enl Btry D 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1D17; WA 7M'rl8; disch 10My19. Cited in RO I2M-rI8. JYLHA, CARL, 21, Virginia: b Mich; enl Btry B 28Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 1D17; disch I0Myl9. K KACZMARZYNSKI. LUKE M., 22, Minneapolis; b Germany; enl HdqCo 19DI5 Minneapolis; prin mus, asst bd ldr, bd ldr 8Ap19; disch 22M'y19. KAHN, SYLVAN B., 26, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btr E 151FA lAg18; pvt; retd to U 5 13 MT19; disch 9ApI9. KAHOUT, TONY, 34, St. Paul: b Bohemia; enl Btry B 9J116 Ft Snelling; sdlr; retd to U S 15F19; disch 8Mrl9. KAISER, ALBERT J., 21, Hibbing: b Mich; enl Btry E 2JI17 Hibbing; tr to Btry A 2Ag17; ck IS17, pvt 1 N17, ck 17al8 pvt 22Mr18, ck 2Jevl8; WA(severely) 30Oct18; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 21Ap19. KALKHOVEN, JOHN P., 22, Minneapolis: b Holland; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneap ROSTER 373 olis; pvt; WA(severely) iSSIB; tr to 222Co MPG 22Jal9. KAMMERER, HOWARD W., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry E 24Ap 17 Minlaeapolis; pvt lc 19Je-18, corpi 13N18, sgt and sup sgt 6M~rl9; disch l0MyI9. KAMMIER, LEO C., 19, Cold Springs: b Melrose; enl Btry F 6Ag17 Minneapolis; ck lAp18, pvt lOD18; disch 10Myl9. KARLSEN, WILLIAM, 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 28Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20Ja18, corpl 3 My18; disch 10M~y19. KAROW, ALFRED B., 18, Faribault: b Morristown; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 24Agl7; pvt; disch s c d 18Oct17. KASTNER, EARL E., 22,' Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 23Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic iD17; WA 17Mrl8; disch 12Myl9. Cited in RO 19Mrl8. KASTNER, FRED L., 26, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 336FA to Btry E 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch 10M'y19. KATAN, LESTER F., 21, Conn.: b Conn; tr from 320FA to Btry D 151FA 5Agl8; corpl; tr to 3371nf. KATTKE, JOHN, 24, Rock Rapids, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from llYAmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; retd to U S 24Mr19; disch 5Apl9. KAUTH, CHARLES E., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 19je16 Ft Snelling; corpl 10J117, sgt 7Ag18; WA (severely) 23Sf8; retd to U S 25Mrl9; disch 5Apl9. KAVADIOS, NICK, 26, Minneapolis: b Greece; tr from lInf MNG to Btry B 151FA 30Agl7; pvt; tr to ll6SupTn 12Myl8. KAZAKES, PAUL, 22, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry E 21Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 12N18; WA l3M-rI8; tr to BHosp45. KEECH, MALCOLM G., 24, Baltimore; b Md; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; prom 1st It 6Oct18; cas from 2Myl9. KEENAN, EMMETT A., 19, St. Paul: b Bird Island; enl Btry A 24Apl7; pvt lc 1J118; WA 6Agl8; tr to 32ARD 20Myl9. KEITH, WILLIE J., 18, Atlanta, Ga.: b Ga; tr from JeARD to Btry C 151FA 10JI18; corpl 5Oct18; disch 16Myl9. KELDERHOUSE, FRANK, 19, St. Paul: b Ill; enl Btry B 26Apl7 St Paul; pvt; dishon diseli 25Agl9. KELLER, ERNEST E., 25, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F llApl7 Miuineapolis; corpl 14JI17, sgt lAgl7; comsd 2d It lAgl8 and assnd to 131FA; tr to 16FA 13Oct18, to 151 FA 9Apl9; disch 22My19 Cp Dodge. KELLER. FRANK W., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 25Ap17 M-inneapolis; mus 2c, mus Ic IN18; disch lOMyl9. KELLER, FRED A., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdciCo 1F15 Minneapolis; Sgt 9Jal7; disch lOMyl9. KELLER, JOHN J., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. KELLEY, JAM-ES L., 21, Willmar: b Willmar; enl Btry C 23Je16 St Paul; corpl, 9S16, sgt 18DI6, 1st sgt 19Oct17; tr to Tank Corps 18Mr18. KELLY, CORNELIUS, 26, Minneapolis: b Ireland; enl SupCo lOAgl6 Ft Snelling; wagr 13J117, sdlr 27AgI7, pvt 28F18, wagr 3Apl8, pvt 1D18; retd to U S 25My19; disch 23JeI9. KELLY, EUGENE R., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 26J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA(severely) 29Myl8; retd to U S 3lJa19; disch 2lFI9. KELLY, JAMES H., 29, Boston: b M-ass; tr from 1631nf to HdqCo 151FA I3Ja19; mus 2c; disch 1OMyl9. KELLY. TEAGUE, 26, Philadelphia: b Ireland; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA I5N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. KELPIN. PAUL W., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 31JI17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20Jal8; tr to Btry F, to EvHosp 93 26D 18. KELTZ, CYRIL J., 26, Ripley, Ill.: b Ill; tr from FA unassnd Cp Jackson to Btry F 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7My19. KEMM-ITT, CHARLES, 19, Minneapolis: b Nickerson; enl Btry A 18J117 Minneapolis; pvt lc 19S17, ck l2Jal8 pvt 22ApI8; pvt IC 7Ag18, corpI 6N18; disch 1OMyl9: KEMNA, HUGH T., 23, Wayzata: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 5JI17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1D18; disch l0Myl9. KEMPNER, HENRY, 32, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr as capt from 304FA to 151FA 15JI18; tr to 304FA 31Agl8. KEMPTON, WILLIAM E., 20, Morgan: b Morton; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo; pvt IC ID17, pvt I8My18, corpl 29N18; disch IOMyl9. KENNEDY, FRANK T., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry 'A l2ApI7; corpl 20N17, pvt 1JI18; WA 9Ag18 and (severely) 26Oct18; overseas 6MT18 to llMrI9; disch 24Mrl9. KENNEDY, JOSEPH P., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 27Jel7 St Paul; vt; WA(severely) 4Agl8; retd to U S 2 18; disch 27JaI9, KENNEY. HENRY W., 22, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; corpl; disch 8Myl9. KENYON. KEITH L., 21, Eveleth: b Ore; tr from 3Inf MNG to 151FA 17J117; pvt; overseas from 4M~rl8; tr to 147FA Ap18. KEOUGH, JAMES H., 27, St. Paul: b Kimball; enl Btry B3 23J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 13F18, ck l8Je18; disch IOMy19. KERKHOVE, JACOB P., 20, Marshall: b Ghent; enl Btry E 19Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt IC 3Myl8; disch 1OMyl9. KERR, RUSSELL, 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 28Myl7 Minneapolis; mus 3c 28My17, bd corpl 9S18; disch l0Myl9. KEUTEN, CHARLES, 21, Chicago: b Russia; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo ISIFA 25Agl7, to Btry C 15S17; pvt; tr to 147FA 8Apl8. 'KIEFFER, SAMUEL S., 25, Ravine, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; died 13F19. 374 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY KILE, FRED E., 30, St. Paul: b Ohio; eni Btry F 6Ag17 M'inneapolis; pvt ic 1F18; disch lOMyl9. KILLEEN, MARTIN J., 25, Manning~ton, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 1681nf to Btry B 151FA I4Je18; pvt ic 16Ja19; disch 8M~yI9. KIMBALL, EBEN J., 29, Barnesville: b Mass; eni Btry C 13Ap17 St Paul; corpl lAgl7, sgt 25S17; retd to U S 26F19; disch s c d 19Jel9. Cited in RO 18Mr18 and in DO I1Jel8. KIMBALL, HAROLD B., 19, Minneapolis: b Le Roy; enl Btry F 23Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. KING, BARTON B., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis: tr from 1Inf M'NG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag17, to HdqCo 5D17; sgt, 1st sgt 23Agl7, cfr 26Mrl8, ck IMyl8, pvt 1OMyl8; retd to U S llMrl9; disch 2lMrl9. KING, BERTRAND W., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C 2S17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 15NI7, corpl 1S18; disch I5MyI9. KING, CHARLES C., 21, Birmingham, Ala.: b Nebr; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Jal8; prom 1st It 3S18; disch 21My19. KING, FREDERICK 5., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl 8Ap17 St Paul and assnd to Btry B; tr to SupCo and apptd regtl sup sgt 13Myl7; comsd 1st -It 21My17 and assnd to Btry B 10Oct17; tr to 37FA I5Ap18. -KING, JOSEPH W., 20, Houma, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 19JI18; pvt; died 16F19. KING, THOMAS A., 29, Anderson, S. C.: b S C; tr from Cp Jackson FARD to Btry F 151FA 2N18; pvt; disch 14M~y19. KLAND.ERUD, OLAF, 30, Madison: b Nor. way; tr from FARepIRegt to Btry A 151FA 10JI18; pvt IC ID18; tr to 8OFA 29Mrl9. KLEIN, BENJAMIN, 26, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. KLETZKY, FRANK, 21, Cleveland, Ohio: b Russia; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA 26Ag17; pvt; WA(severely) 15J118; retd to U S 23N18; disch 8Apl9. KLINE, WILLIAM E., 26, Allentown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from I9Engrs(Ry) to HdcqCo 151FA 21D17, to SupCo 11My 18; mech 24DI7, pvt 1Apl8, pvt i IC Je18, wagr 1J118; disch 3Myl9. KLINE, WILLIAM4 L., 30, St. Paul: h Penn; enI Btry B 3Je17 St Paul; pvt; tr to 1351nf 29Ag17. KLOTZ, ALPHONSE, 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 14Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. KLOYDA, GEORGE J., 19, Waterville: b Jackson; enl HdqCo 14A~p17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 337Inf 20Ja19. KNARR, HARVEY F., 27, Gowen City, Penn.: b Penn; tr from Cp Jackson JIARD to HdqCo 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch 3My19. KNICKERBOCKER, HARRY F., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hd1 42Div to Btry C 151FA lAgI8; pvt; tr to 146Inf 30JaI19. KNUTSON, SALMER N., 18, Canhy: b Canhy; enj HdqCo 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; WA 31Oct18; tr to 31OSupTn 24N18. KNUTSON, WESLEY, 20, 5. Bellingham, Wash.: b Wash; enl Btry B 12Ag16; tr to HdqCo 17J117; pvt; no record of discharge; enl Naval Reserve Force 3Je18. KOCH, WILLIAM, 19, New Ulm: b Germany; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry E 151FA 25JeI7; pvt; disch phys dis 17S17. KOJDER, ANTON, 32, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry C 30je16 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 16J117, pvt 20S17, pvt 1c 19N18; disch 1OMyl9. KOLAR, FRANK T., 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 23Apl7 St Paul; pvt le 1S17, corpI 1JI18, sgt 24D18; disch lOMyl9. KOLARS. JOSEPH E., 18, New Prague: b New Prague; enl H-dqCo 24JI16 Ft Snelling; mus 3c 24JI16, mus 2c 25Ap17, mus 3c 17jI17, pvt 21Ag17, mus 3c 1N18, in-s 2c 8Ap19; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch lOMyl9. KONRICK, RUDOLPH, 23, New Orleans: h La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry E 151FA 1AgI8; pvt; tr to 1461nf 10F19. KOSSE, BEN A., 20, Adrian: h Iowa; enl Btry E 12Je1 7 Minneapolis; pvt 1c lOAg18; WA 7Mr18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 12M'rl8. KOSTENSKY, LEONARD, 23. Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry B 20Ap17 St Paul; pvt ic 1S17, pvt 15Ja18, pvt Ic 26Mr18; WA(severely) 17MrI8; retd to U S ISM8 disch s c d 4Je19. KOTERBA, WILLIAM., 29, Driscoll, N. D.: h Minn; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA; pvt; cas from 19D18. KOTOWSKI, WALTER F., 26 Ivanhoe: b Ivanhoe; enl MC 19Je17 Ntinneapolis; sgt 8Oct17; retd to U S 31Mr19; disch 11Ap19. KOUBIK, FRANK J., 22, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry C 28.je17 St Paul; tr to Btry F; corpl 19S17, pvt 1D18; disch 1OMyl9. KOWALSKI, LEON C., 22, Philadelphia: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. -KRAFT, EMIL, F., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 5Ja15 St Paul; pvt Ic, corpl 1J116, st 1Ja17, pvt 11F18; WA (severely) 5MYr'18; died 28ApI8. Cited in RO I2MrI8. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. KRAFT, PAUL N., 25, Reading. Penn.: h Penn; tr from 313FA to Btry B 151FA 8D18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. KRAUSE, ALVIN A., 20, Park Rapids: b Duluth; enl Btry D 26Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 7My19. KRAUSE, HENRY F., Pottstown. Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. KRICHTEN. ELLSWORTH T., Hanover. Penn.: b Penn; tr from 3141FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3M~y19. KRIEG, SYLVESTER, 19, Mosinee, Wis.: b Wis; tr from 13Cav to Btry F 26Agl7; pvt le 1FI8, corpI 1S18; disch 7M'y19. KROBOTH, EMIL, 23, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 14JI17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic ID17, corpl 29N18; WA 7Mrl8; disch 10Myl9. Cited in RO 12M'rl8. ROSTER 375 KROLL, CARL, 23, jasper: b Col; enl Btry A 12Ap17 St Paul; corpl 19S17, sgt 18N18; disch lOMy19. KROMPASKY, EDWARD J,24, Aurora: b Ely; tr from 3Inf MlNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; disch 6Ag19. Awarded Croix de Guerre. KRONBERG, CARL J., 21, Benson: b Nebr; enl Btry E 12JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 15J118; disch 1OMyl9. KRUGER, RAY, 19, Duluth: b Wis; tr from 3Lnf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17; mech 10MyI8; overseas 8F18 to 5ApI9; disch 21Apl9. KUDLACZ, MICHAEL, 28, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry A 10J117 Ft Snring pvt; disch s c d 1Oct17. KUEBLAR, ALEXANDER, 28, Heil, N. D.: b Russia; tr from 336FA to SupCo 151FA 12Jel8; pvt; disch lOMy19. KUHL, EDWARD, 29, Alexandria: b Russia; enl HdqCo 21JI17 Minneapolis; hs; tr to TrC 21D17. KULKO, BARLEY, 31, Detroit, Mich.: b Russia; tr from l6ODepBri'g to HdqCo 151FA I9MyI8; pvt; disch 7My19. KULLEND, ARNT, 23, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry E 23Je16 Minneapolis; mech Ja17; retd to U S 23Ja19; disch 12F19. KUNTZ, EDWARD, 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19J118; pvt IC; disch I3MyI9. KUSCHKE, EMMETT F., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 20Je16 St Paul; corpl 18JI17, pvt lAp18; disch lOM'yl9. KUSCHNER, JOSEPH E., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 9Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 328M'GBn 5F19. Cited in RO I9Ag18. KVALHEIM, ANDREW J., 26, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry B 24J117 Minneapolis; pvt IC IJ118, corpl lApl9; disch lOMyl9. L LABARRE, HARRY J., 24, St. Paul: b White Bear; enl Btry C 30Je16 Ft Snelling; ck 16J117, pvt 1S17; tr to ll7AmTn 5Ap18. LABRIE, FRANK, 25, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 7Je17 St Paul; ck 10JI17, pvt 15S17; disch lOMyl9. LACHMAN, JACOB, 29, Minneapolis: b Russia; enl HdqCo 23Ag17 Ft Snellin g; pvt; overseas 8F18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OM'y19. LACHNIT, ARNOLD L., 23, Humphrey, Nebr.: b Nebr; tr from HdqBdSch APO 703 to HdqCo 151FA 28D18; pvt; disch 10My19. LACROSS, LEON M., 17, Auduhon: b Auduhon; enl HdqCo 27Je16 Detroit; corpi I7Ag16, sgt 14je17, col sgt 1OApl8; disch 20MyI9. LAFEX, WALTER P.. 19, Duluth: h Duluth; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry B 151FA 25Ag17; corpl 11S17, pvt 1l5al8; WA (severely) 1N 18; retd to U S 3lMrI9; disch 1lApl9. LAFLIN, CLIFFORD A., 29, St. Paul: b Gladstone; enl Btry B 29Je16 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to OTC Ft Snelling 7M71I7; disch 14Ag17 to acc com. LAGRONE, ROY, 21, Manchester, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C. 151FA 21J118; pvt; disch 16My19. LAHARE, WILLIAM J.' 24, New Orleans: b La; tr from C p Beauregard ARD to SupCo 151FA 19J118; wagr ID18; disch 13MyI9. *LAIDLAW, WILLIAM, 19, St. Paul: b N D; enl Btry C 16Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry D 1JI17; pvt Ic 25JI17; died 23Je18 as a result of accident. LAJEUNESSE, HAROLDJ. 22 Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 26Je16 M~inneapolis; corpl 17Je17, pvt 4DI7, ck IMT-iB; disch lOMYl9. LAJEUNESSE, PHILIP J,24, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 5Jel17 Minneapolis; ck ID17, pvt 2S18; disch lOMyl9. LAKE, DONELSON M., 24, Memphis, Tenn.: b Miss; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA IJa18; disch 8M~y19. LALONDE, FRANK M., 24. St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry C 23Ap17 St Paul; tr to BHosp1l5; pvt Ic 21SI8; disch 12MyI9. LAMBERT, JOHN B., 23, Minneapolis: b Canada; enl Btry D 25Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 23Oct18; disch lOMyl9. LAMBO, CHRIST, 29, Faribault: h Turkey; tr from 2Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 24Ag17, to Btry E 17S17; pvt IC 3M'y18; disch lOMy19. LAND. SIDNEY G., 18, St. Louis Park: b St Paul; enl Btry E 19Je1I pvt IC 28Je17, sdlr, pvt 6Ag17, mech 5117; WA 7MrI8; tr to ll7SnTn 17F19, to Btry E 151FA 22F19; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO I2MrI8. LANDER, HARRY, Roxhury, Mass.: h M-ass; tr from FAReplRegt APO 778 to Btry F 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 6My19. LANDERS, BERNARD E., 21, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to 67FA Brig 15N18 and assnd to HdqCo 151FA 13D18; pvt ic; disch 8My19. LANDIS, FRANK 27 Pottstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S I3MrI9; disch 8Ap 19. LANG. HUBERT R., 20, Almsville, Ore.: b Ore; eni Btry B 12JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. LANG, LESTER M., 21, Mankato: b Ore; enl Btry B 12JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl IS17; WA(severely) 15JI18; disch lOMyl9. LANGSETH, MARTIN P., 18, Thief River Falls: b Thief River Falls; enl Btry F 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic IJaI8; retd to U S 16F19; disch 8Mr19. LANGUELL, SAMUEL E., 23, Morgan: b Md; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt ic Ja18; WA (severely) ahout 27S18; retd to U S 3JaI9; disch lAp19. LANTZ, SAMUEL F., 26, MinneapoIs: b Italy; enl SupCo 8Ag17 Ft S nelling; wagr lJel8; disch 1OM'y19. LARSON. ALBERT B., 22, Burtrum: b Birchdale; enj Btry B 15Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic I7ApI8, wagr 1Oct18; disch IT10 M y9. LARSON. ARTHUR, 25, Hamilton Mont.: b Mont; enil Btry B 12Ag16 Ft ~nelling; tr to SupCo 19S16; wagr 29AgI7, corpl 25S17, sgt 15JaI8, pvt 13JI118, wagr 16J118; disch 1OMyl9. 376 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY LARSON, ARTHUR W., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry F 22Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10Myl9. LARSON, BERTRAND, 24, Midway, N. D.: b Norway; tr from Cp Pike ARD to Btry D 151FA 21J118; pvt; retd to U S 22My19; disch 4Jel9. LARSON, CARL R., 28, Fallentimber, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. LARSON, DAVID N., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt lc IOAgl7; overseas 8F18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. LARSON" GILBERT 0., 19, Virginia: b Canada; eni Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul; corpi lApl8; WA (severely) 26Oct18; retd to U S I0Apl9; disch 29Ap19. LARSON, JADY H., 21, Dassel: b Dassel; enI HdqCo 25Ap17 Minneapolis; mus 3c 23Je17, bd corpI 29N18; disch lOMyl9. LARUE, HARRY G., see CADMAN, BERNARD LAURIDSEN, NELS, 31, Guthrie Center, Iowa: b Denmark; tr from 1Inf M`NG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; pvt; WA 22Mrl8; tr to l63DepBrig Myl9. LAVICTOIRE, GEORGE, 26, St. Paul: b Mich; enI Btry B 4Je17 St Paul; c mech 1S17, corpl 22Mrl8, sgt 13Agl8, 1st sgt 1S18; WA 20Mrl8; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 19Mrl8. LAW, FRED G., 23, St. Paul: b Stillwater; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA.2lMyl8; pvt lc 19N18; overseas 6Apl8 to 26Apl9; disch lOMy19. LAW, STANLEY 0., 23, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr as 2d It from Unassnd Det 42Div to 151FA 15S17; tr to FARDep 8Myl8. LAWRENCE, JOHN, 23, Philadelphia: b Russia; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. LAWRENCE, JOHN T., 22, Short Hills, N. J.: b N Y; tr as 2d It f rom FARepI Regt to Btry A 151FA 8Agl8; tr to 3401nf 30JaI9. LAWRENCE, MAURICE B., 25, Annville Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry I 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. LAWS, GORDON R., 23, Grafton, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. LAWSON, CHESTER A., 29, Minneapolis: b Ky; enI Btry F l2Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Apl8, to HdqCo 151FA 2lMy18; WA 3N18; tr to 117TMBn 1S18. LAWSON, LUKE 0., 21, Minneapolis: h Wis; enI Btry F l2Ap17 M-inneapolis; bglr, ck 1Jal9; retd to U S 26Mrl9; disch 15Apl9. LAYTON, CHARLES M., 21, Woodstown, N. J.: b N J; tr from 1651nf to Btry B 151FA 4Je18; pvt ic; WA (severely) 28Oct18; tr to 337Inf 8F19. LEACH, GEORGE E., 40, Minneapolis: b Iowa; comsd col 17Ag16; WA 17Mrl8; tr to School of Fire Ft Sill as instr 1 6Myl9. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, Croix de Guerre wsth nalmn and star, and Croix de la Legion d'Honneur. LEACH, ROY M., 19, Princeton: b Princeton; enI Btry D 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpi. lAgl7, sgt 16Apl8; tr to 3llBn Tank Corps. LEBEY, CHRISTIAN D., 21, Savannah, Ga.: b Ga; comsd 2d It l5Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; prom 1st It 10S18; disch 2Myl9. LEBOUTILLIER, MARTIN, 28, New York: b N Y; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; WA(severely) 27Oct18; disch 3Apl9. LECLAIRE, OLIVER P., 33, St. Paul: b Mendota; enI Btry C 24Api7 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 4D18; mech 1D18; disch lOMyl9. LEE, ALBERT N., 28, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry F 22Ja17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 27Myl9. LEE, CARL H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 3S17; overseas 8F18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. LEE, EDWARD A,, 23, Minneapolis: b England; enI Btry E 3Ap16 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 15S17; pvt lc 2My18, pvt 21Agl8; overseas 12F18 to 26Apl9; disch 6Jel9. Cited in RO 18N18. *LEE, HAROLD J., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 29My17 Minneapolis; pvt; died lOAgl8 of wounds received in action. -LEE, THOM-AS C., 21, Palmetto, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C i51iFA 21JI18; pvt; died 25N18. LEFTAULT, FRED, 28, St. Paul: b Fanibault; enI Btry C 22Je16 St Paul; pvt lc lAgl7, pvt 20S17, pvt lc 1lApl8; WA 18Oct18; overseas 12F18 to 26Apl9; disch lOMyl9. LEGITT, WILLIAM F., 31, Trinidad, Col.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to SupCo 151FA 21J118; wagr 1S18, pvt ID18, disch 19My19. LEHR, LOUIS, 22, Burnstead, N. D.: b Russia; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to SupCo 151FA 21JI18; wagr 1S18; disch 1OMyl9. LEMBCKE, JOHN H., 28, Fairfax: b Lake Crystal; enI Btry E 18Je17 Minneapolis; corpl; tr to HdqBn AEF. LENDWAY, LOUIS L., 32, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry C 20Ap17 St Paul; ck 16J117, pvt l7Jal8, ck 1F18, pvt 26MY18; disch l0Myl9. LENFESTY, WILLIAM J., 23, Faribault: b Wis; enI Btry D 25Ap17 Minneapolis:, pvt; tr to Det 42Div BSec No 1 AEF 2F18. LEONARD, JOHN J., 26, Minneapolis: b Graceville; enI Btry D 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lMyl8; disch 1OMy19. LEONARD, LEROY W., 18, Minneapolis: b La; eni HdqCo 22M'rl6 Minneapolis; corpI 15N16, sgt 28Apl7, pvt 20N17, corpl, 2Apl8; disch IOMyl9. LESEMAN, FLOYD R., 20, Prescott, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry C l9Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc IlApl8, corpi 1S18; WA 6Mrl8; retd to U S 9Mrl9; disch 24Mrl9. Cited in RO 12M'rl8. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. LESSMAN, AMBROSE, 21, Winona: b Winona; enI Btry A 13Agl6 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 1Apl8; tr to HdqSvBn AEF 27Je18. ROSTER 377 LETOURNEAU, JOSEPH A., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry D l8Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1D17; WA 9M~r18 and (severely) 29J118; overseas 16S18 to 23N18; disch 3Ap19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. LEUBNER, ERNEST J., JR., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry D 20Ap17 Minneapolis; corpi 1518, sgt 7Mr19; disch lOMyl9. LEVIN, MAX J., 22, New York: b N Y; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; disch a c d 27517. LEVY, HERBERT, 29, New Orleans: b La; tr from 366MGBn to SupCo 151FA 1Agl8; pvt lc 1Oct18, wagr 4Jal9; disch 13My19. LEWIS, BENJAMIN, 20, Montevideo- b Tex; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry F 151FA 25Ag17; ck 8D18; WA 15JI18 and 28Oct18; retd to U S 15F19; disch I17Mrl9. LIBBY, MEREDITH F., 18, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl HdqCo 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 8Ap18; WA lOJel8 and 15JI18; disch 22M1y'19. LIEPOLD, GEORGE, 25, Marion, N. D.: b N D; tr from 338FA to Btry F 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. LILJEBLAD, OSCAR A., 25, St Paul; b Sweden; eni SupCo 25Ag16 Ft Snelling; wagr 12JI17, corpl 13JI117, sgt 23Agl7; diach 1OMy19. LILLY, CLARENCE W., 2 5, Minneapolis: b S D; enl Btry D 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 25JI17, corpi 11 Myl8; WA 7M'rl8; disch 1OMyl9. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. LILLY, GLEN A., 19, Minneapolis: b S D; enl HdqCo 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; overseas 8F18 to 26Mr19; diach 15Ap19. LINCOLN, ROBERT T., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 2Je 17M Tinneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17, corpl 4D17, sgt 24Ja18; WA 9Mr18 and 15JI18; retd to U S 28F19; disch a c d 12Myl9. LINDELL, EDWIN L., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni1 HdqCo 28M'yI7 Minneapolis; corpl 11S17, sgt 1S18; disch 10My19. Cited in RO 21JI18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. LINDHOLM, HARVEY B., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 29My17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17, corpl 14D18, sgt 15My19; WA 6Ag18; retd to U S 29Je19; disch 1J119. LINDSAY, JOSEPH C., 19, Minneapolis: b N D; enl Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; corpl 7F18; tr to Cp Hunt FARepl Regt 25N18. LINDSAY, SAMUEL G., 19, Warroad: b Crookaton; enl Btry B I3AgI7; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. LING, PERRY, 28, Madison: b Madison; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A ISIFA 29Agl7; ha llMr18; disch lOMyl9. LINGOWSKY, FRANK 5., 27, Sheppton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from FAReplRegt APO 778 to Btry A 151FA IN18; bglr 4Mr19; disch 3Myl9. LINK, FRANK 0., 26, Williamsburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 9Myl9. LIPINSKI, VINCENT, 22, Minneapolis: b Russia; enl Btry F 2lJel7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d M2al&. LIRETTE, JONACE, 18, Chauvin, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry B 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch llMyl9. LITSEY, FRED F., 28, Mankato: b Iowa; tr from 136Inf to HdqCo 151FA 23Ag17, to Btry F 1OJa18; pvt; overseas 18Oct17 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMyI9. LITTLE, CLARK W., JR., 21, M-inneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 16Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl1 30Ag17, sgt 4D17, pvt 8Agl8, corpl 29N18; disch lOM'y19. LITZINGER, JOSEPH R., 29, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo IS16; corpl 8S16, sgt 13Ja17, 1st sgt 28Ap 17, sgt 18N17; disch IOMyl19. LIVERS, ANTHONY, 26, Glennonville, Mo.: b KY; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 31JI18; pvt IC, pvt 12J118; disch 6M~yl9. LOFDAHL, RALPH W., 18, Taylors Falls: b St Paul; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag17; wagr lJal8; disch lOMyl9. LOGAN, ELMER L., 23, Morgan Co., Ill.: b Ill; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7My19. LOKKEN, CARL R., 26, Milan: b Mankato; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A 29Ag17; ha 1Jal8, pvt 1lMrl8, pvt le ID618; disch 1OMy19. LOLORD, JOSEPH, 21, New York: b Italy; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 16Agl7; pvt; tr to 147FA 9ApI8. LOMMEN, THORSTEN E., 23, Minneapolis; b Comstock; enl Btry A 31J117 Ft Snelling; corpl 20N17, sgt 3Apl8; disch lOMyI9. LONG, BENJAMIN F., 23, Avonmore, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 149MGBn to SupCo 151FA 26Jel8; wagr 26JeI8, pvt 1D18; tr to AmSchDet British University, London, 2Mr19. LONG, JAM-ES E., 24, Avonmore, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 149MGBn to SupCo 151FA 26Jel8; wagr 26Je18, pvt ID18; tr to AmSchDet British University, London, 2M'r19. LOOMAN, CHARLES E., 27, Wellsbur, W. Va.: b Ohio; tr from 147FA AP~ 722 to SupCo 151FA 6Ap18; wagr lJel8, pvt 1D18; disch 8My19. LOOMIS, ALLEN E., 22, Minneapolis: b S D; enl HdqCo 24Ap17 Minneapolis; mus 2c 25Ap17, corpl 1JI17, pvt 29N18, mus 3c 1D18; retd to U S 24Mr19; disch 22My19. LORENTZ, WILLIAM C., 20, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; retd to U S 20JaI9; disch 28F19. *LORENZ, GRANT W., 21, Excelsior: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 2JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to MC llMyl8; bglr 26JI17; died 8Ag18 of wounds received in action. LOVLESS, JOHN R., 22, Hattiesburg, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141IFA to SupCo 151FA 19JI18; wagr 1D18; disch I3My19. LUCAS, MIKEL F., 21, Carry, Penn.: b Ohio; tr from 149M.GBn to Btr C 151FA 20Jel8; pvt le 5Mrl9; disch 3Myl9. LUCE, CLIFFORD F., 18, Minneapolis: b S D; enl HdqCo 24Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. 378 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLER~Y LUDDEN, VINCENT, 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; eni Btry C 24ApI7; pvt; tr to 146Inf. LUDWIG, MORITZ, 22, Minneapolis: b Germany; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo ISIFA 23Ag17; pvt IC 9SI7, ck 1Oct17, sgt and mess sgt 2Ap18 pvt 25Je18, wagr 4Ja19, ck lApI9; WA 14JI18; disch lOMy19. LUKEY, JOHN J., JR~., Dayton, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from FARepIRegt to Btry D 151FA 23S18; pvt; tr to 330FA 19FI9. LUND, HAROLD, 23, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry D 31JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA (severely) 30J118; retd to U S l8Jal9; disch 8FI9. LUND, JAMES P., 23, Jasper: b jasper; enI Btry A 12Ap17 St Paul; corpI 12JI17, sgt 9517; retd to U S 21Myl9; disch 29M~y19. LUNDALE, CHESTER E., 17, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 23ApI7; pvt, wagr 5Oct17; tr to SupCo 15S17, to CHospl9 7F18, to SupCo 151FA 28Ap18, to BHosp24 2MyI8, to SupCo 151FA; disch 10My19. LUNDBY, ANTON C., 30, Battle Lake: b Hallock; enl Btry D lJel7 Minneapolis; pvt IC 16N18, corpI 7MrI9; disch lOMyl9. LUNDQUIST, ELMER C., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI MC 14Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 20Agl7. LUTZ, ANDREW, 26, Hays, Penn.: b Penn; tr from ll 7AmTn to Btry C 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. LYALL, LYNN R., 20, Gibson, La.: b La; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry E 151FA 13Myl8; pvt; disch 13MyI9. LYLE, CHARLES F., 21, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry B 19JI16 Ft Snelling; corpl 10JI17, sgt IS17, pvt lApI8; disch 10MY19. LYLE, RAYMOND A., 20, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btr B 18Ap17 St Paul; bglr lO yl7, lv p 17P8, bglr 22M'y18; disch LYNCH, JAMES 0., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt; dishon disch 25ApI9. LYONS, HAROLD H., 19, Minneapolis: b Ill; enI Btry F lOApl7 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo; corpl 15S17; tr to 147FA 30SI7. M MAASS, PAUL G., 25, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 5Je17 St Paul; corpl IS17, pvt IJI18; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 5JI19; disch 15J119. McAFEE, DAVID W., 25, J eddo, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. McALLISTER, FAYE, 19, Anoka: b Iowa; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo ISIFA I5AgI7; wagr lJal8; disch IOM'yl9. *M,cARTHUR, C. LLOYD, 18, Minineapolis: b N Y; enI Btry F 21Ap17 Minneapoilis; pvt IC 15JI18; killed in action 10Oct18, McCABE, JOSEPH, 20, New Orleans: b La; tr from 6FA to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry F 151FA 31D17; pvt lc; tr to Recr and CasCo 4 Cp Shelby 28Ap19. McCABE, RAYMOND, 29, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry B 30Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 6Oct18, corpI 1Ap19; overseas 8Mrl8 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMy19. McCANUEL, GILBERT, 24, Munhall, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3M'y19. McCARTHY, CHARLES, 26, St. Paul: b Canada; enl Btry C 21Je17 St Paul; tr to OrdnDet IMyl8; pvt IC 16JI17, sgt 26Apl9; disch 10Myl9. McCARTHY, JOHN J., 24, St. Paul: b Rosemount; enl Btry C 31JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC IJaI8, corpl 7M~rl9; WA (severely) 27MyI8; disch 1OMyl9. McCAULEY, PHILIP J., 34, St. Paul: b Ind; comsd 1st It 12J116 and assnd to Btry C; prom capt 16Agl7; disch 26My19 Cp Dodge. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre with palm. MACCKIA, MICHAEL, 19, New York: b Italy; tr from 6FA to Btry B 151FA 28D17; pvt lc 16Ja19; disch 3Myl9. McCLAY, ROBERT H., 20, Frankford, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. McCLURE, NORMAN A., 27, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 30Jel7 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 18S17, to SupCo 5D17, to Btry A 9S18; corpl 1N17, wagr 5D17, corpI 4F18, sgt and sup sgt 2Apl8, regtl sup sgt 27Ap18, pvt 7JI18, corpl 1OM-r19; disch 10My19. McCOLLAM, VINCENT P., 21, Johnstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FA Brig 15N18 and assnd to Btry E 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3M'yI9. McCOLLUM, PERCY 5., 21, Jackson, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry B 151FA 19JI18; pvt IC 3Ja18, pvt, pvt lc 10D18; WA 29Oct18; disch 13Myl9. McCORMICK, FRANK F., 17, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 13Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 19JI17, vt lOAgl7; WA 2N18; retd to U S 19MT~r1 9; disch 5ApI9. McCORMICK, JAMES A., 28, New Martinsville, W. Va.: b Penn; tr from 314FPA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; corpl; disch 8My19. McCOY, EVERETT F., 30, Sharpsville, Ind.: b Ind; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJaI8; tr to St Aignan CasCo 3Myl9. McCOY, HOWARD W., 24, Minneapolis: b Utah; comsd 2d It 10Ap17 and assnd to Btry F; prom 1st It lAgl7; WA(severely) 11Oct18; tr to 67FA Brig 20F19. McCUNE, GUY E., 23, Minneapolis: b Benson; enl HdqCo 21Ap17 Minneapolis; sgt bglr 2lAp17; disch lOMyl9. McCURDY, ALVA C., 30, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry C 21Je16 St Paul; mech IJ117; retd to U S 25Ja19; disch 15FI9. McCURLEY, RUTHERFORD H., 28, Rosetta, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry F 151FA 19JI18; pvt; retd to U S 1Ap19; disch 17ApI9. McDERM-OTT, WILLIAM, 27, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FA Brig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9, McDONALD, JAMES S., 22, Montrose: b Montrose; enl Btry F l2Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1S17, sdlr lApl8;1 disch lOMyl9 Cp Dodge. ROSTER 379 McDONALD, JOHN A., 28, Hensler, N. D.: b Canada; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; wagr 15S17, corpi 3My18; disch 1OMy19. M~cDONALD, JOHN H., 33, St. Paul: b St Paul; comasd capt 123116 and assnd to Btry C; prom maj 16Ag17, It col 4S18; disch 22MyI9. McDONALD, KENNETH F., 29, Montrose: b Wright Co; eni IBtry F 243117 Ft Snelling; corpi ID17, sgt MrI8; disch 1OM.y19. *McDONOUGH, ELMER J., 22, Kellogg: b Kellogg; enl Btry C 283117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 15NI7, pvt 17JaI8; killed in action 6M~rI8. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. McDONOUGH, THOMAS J., 22, Dawson: b Waseca; enI Btry D 24My17 M'inneapolis; pvt IC 1D17; disch lOMy19. McDOWELL, JAMES, 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 8Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to MC I2Je17; retd to U S 18Oct18; disch a c d 27DI9. McDUFFEE, J. GEORGE, 18, Minneapolis: h Iowa; enl HdqCo 12Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to OrdnDet 6ApI8; pvt IC 26ApI8; tr to 3401nf 3F19. McELROY, SAMUEL, 24, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. McELWEE, EDWARD M., 27, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S 3Mr19; disch 25Mrl9. McGANDY, RAYMOND E., 19, Marshall: h Marshall; enl Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 21Ap 18; corpl 13J118; WA 12S18; retd to U S 7Ap19; disch 22Ap19. Cited in RO 213118. Awarded Croix de Guerre. McGAUGHREN, NICHOLAS, 35, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C 163116 St Paul; pvt Ic 153117, pvt 20S17; WA 6M'rl8; retd to U S 11F19; disch 24F19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. McGAVIN, WALTER, 21, Detroit: b Detroit; enl HdqCo 2Je17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C I4JeI8; pvt IC 13F19; WA I8ApI8, 30S18, and 2N18; tr to 281M'PCo 24N18. Cited. McGETTIGAN, ROBERT J., 22, Weldon, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 2My19. McGILL, CHARLES B., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 5Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 13My19. M'cGINNIS, FRANK 3., 28, Lake City: b N D; enl Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; tr to 213PWECo 17My18. McGLYNN, WILLIAM, 27, Leavenworth, Kans.: b Kans; enl Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; mech; disch lOMyI9. M'cGUIRE, MIKE, 28, Minneapolis: b Penn; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; ck 18Je18,I pvt 13118, ck 5N18; retd to U S 31My19; disch 23JeI9. McGULPIN, CHARLES A., 39, Minneapolis: h Austin; enl SupCo 151FA 231117 Minneapolis; nmech 28Ag17, wagr 1F18, hs 15Ap18, sj~t 4Je18 stbl sgt 5JeI8; WA 173118; disch 10M.y19. McHARDY, LAWRENCE 0., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 5Myl7 Minneapolis; pvt IC SN17; tr to HdqCo 7ApI8; to Cp Dodge Det 3371nf 8FI9. Cited in RO 30Ag18. McHARG, PAUL F., 22, St. Paul: b Barnum; enl Btry B 6Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 9S18; overseas 5Mr18 to 26ApI9; disch IOM.y19. MACHLETT, WILLIAM C., 21, Minneapolis: h Iowa; enl Btry E 53a15 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 283eI7, pvt 19S17; tr to 146 Inf 22Mr19. M~cINTOSH, VERNER L., 29, Belding, Mich.: b Mich; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15NI8, to Btry F 26M-rl9; pvt; disch 6MyI9. McINTYRE, ROBERT C., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo; pvt lc 1D17; WA (severely) 283118; retd to U S 5Ap19; disch 21Ap19. McINTYRE, WILLIAM D., 19, Minneap-.ols: b N Y; enl Btry D l3Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic I0AgI8; disch 22My19. McKEE. WILLIAM N., 25, Conley, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 213118; pvt; retd to U S 22M'rl9; disch 18Apl9. McKENNA, THOMAS A., 24, Dunmore. Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FA Brig 14N18 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 13D18; pvt; retd to U S 21My19; disch 30Ag19. MAcKENZIE, ROSCOE A., 22, Minneapolis: h N D; enl Btry C 273117 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo 25S17; wagr 15D17; tr to 218MPCo 24F19. McKINNEY, JOSEPH L., 32, St. Paul: b W Va; comsd capt 19Oct16 and assnd to HdqCo; tr to 128FA I8M~y18. *McJJ\UGHLIN, CHARLES W., 20, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 22Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt Ic. 1Ja18; WA 5Mrl8; died 19My18, Cited in RO 12Mrl8. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. McLEAN, HIRAM L., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; comsd 2d It 12Apl7 and assnd to Btry E; prom 1st It 3N17; disch l2Myl9 Cp Dodge. McLELAND. LYLE R., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 9Apl 7 Minneapolis; corpl lOAp18, pvt 1D18; disch lOMYl9. McLEOD, WILLIAM, 18, Lake Minnetonka: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 11M~y17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 15S17; pvt Ic 1D17; WA lAgI8; retd to U S 7Mrl9; disch 14Ap 19. McMANUS, EDGAR J., 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141 FA to Btry B ISIFA 193118; pvt; disch I3My19. McMANUS, JOHN A., 28, Philadelphia: b N 3; comisd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to Hd~qCo 151FA; disch 3MyI9. McMEANS, WILLIAM 0., 22, Rogersville, Ala.: b Ala; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry F 15iFA 213118; pvt; disch 16My19. M'cMILLEN, BURNS R., 26, Winona: b Winona; enl HdqCo 27Apl7 Minneapolis; mus IC 23JeI7, mus 2c 1M-rI9, mus Ic 8ApI9; disch I2M'yI9. McMORROW, JOHN, 21, New York: b N Y; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA 25Ag17; pvt Ic 20JaI8; disch 3Myl9. 380 HISTORY OF THE 1-51ST FIELD ARTILLERY McMURRAY, HAROLD V., 23, S. Stillwater: b Kans; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry A 151FA 4Ag17; pvt Ic ID17, corpi 29N18; tr to PES 30M-r19. McNALLAN, DENNIS, 30, Kellogg: b Wabasha Co; enl Btry A 27JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 10N17, corpi 6My18, sgt 18N18, sup sgt 19N18; disch 1OMy19. McNEILL, JAMES A., 23, Doddsville, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry F 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13My19. McNERNY, CHARLES STUART, 18, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry C. 24Ap17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 8Ap18; pvt 1c 15NI7, pvt 6Ap18; WA(severely) 28J118; tr to 218 MPCo 24Ja19. McOSKER, BRYAN, 23, St. Paul: b Ind; enl Btry A 13Ap17 St Paul; pt 1c 10NI7, pvt 12Ap18; tr to 147FA 9N18. *McPEAK, HARVEY A., 31, Renwick, Iowa: b Iowa; enl Btry C 7Agl7 M'inneapolis; pvt 1c 15N17; died 2lAp18. Cited in RO- I2M'r18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. MACPHAIL, ALEX D., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 20Ja18, corpl 8D18; disch 1OMyl9. McSWAIN, LESTER, 28, Moundsville, W. Va.: b Ohio; tr from 314FA to 67FA Brig 9N18 and assnd to Btry C 151FA 13D18; pvt; disch 8My19. MADDEN, HARRY T., 21, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry' C 14Agl7 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 15NI 7 corpl 26F18, col sgt 17Mr18; tr to ACSch AEF 20Mr18. MADIGAN, MARK, 19, Maple Lake: b Maple Lake; enl HdqCo 20S15 M-inneapolis; sgt Ap17, regtl sgt maj 5Agl7; comsd 2d It 3N17, 1st It 1S18; WA 15JI18; disch 13M'y19 Cp Dodge. MAERTZ, JOHN F., 19, New Prague: h New Prague; enl Btry C 13Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic 1JI18; WA(severely) 31J118; disch IOMyl9. MAHLUM, JOHN L., 27, Dawson: b Ft Snelling; enl Btry D 24Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 10Ag18; WA 28Oct18; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 1lApl9. MAHON, BENNIE R., 23, Stuttgart, Ark.: b Ala; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry A 151FA 1Ag18; pvt; WA(severely)280ctl8; tr to ll6AmTn 21Ja19. MAIGE, ROBERT L., 20, Apalachicola, Fla.: b Fla; tr from 116FA to Btry C 151FA 12Je18; pvt 1c, pvt 14J117; disch 14My19. MAKI, ANDREW, I34, New York Mills: b Finland; enl Btry F 1JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 9Inf 26D18. MALKOVITCH. NICK, 28, Hibbing: b Austria; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 15Ag17; pvt; tr to lOInf 4M'r18. MALL, HAROLD R., 22, Elmore, Iowa: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 18JI17 Ft Snelling; hs 18MrI8; disch IOMy19. MALLINGER, CLAUDE A., 21, Owatonna: b Steele Co; enl Btry E 23Jel6 O-watonna; pvt; overseas 15N17 to 26Apl9; disch 1OMy19. MALLON, JOHN H., 22, Cincinnati: b Ohio; comsd 1st It 15Agl7 and assnd to Btry D 151FA; tr to Saumur ArtSch 24M'yl8, to Hdq 7AC 2N18, to Btry F 151FA 29N18; cas from 17Ap19. MALM, DAVID A.. 29, 5. St. Paul: b Cannon Falls; enI Btry B 26JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl, lAp19; overseas 8Mr18 to 26Apl9; disch 1OMyI9. MALM, FRANZ G., 38, Minneapolis: b Sweden; tr from lInf M'NG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; pvt Ic lMr19; disch I OMyl9. MALMB~ERG, JOHN E., 24, Atwater: b Atwater; enl Btry E 2IlTeI7 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to HdqCo 67FABrig 14F18. MALONEY, ARTHUR 5., 23, Breckenridge: b Hopkins; enl Hdq Co 1J117 Ft Snelling; corpl 3JI17; tr to OrdnDet 7Ap18; sgt 26Ap18; tr to 337Inf. MALSED, LOUIS L., 27, Montrose: b S D; enl Btry E 5JI16 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 12S17. MANGIOLA, ANTONIO, 21, Sharpsburg, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 2OCav to Btry A 151FA 19S17; pvt; tr to ll6SupTn 21My18. MANION, JOSEPH E., 19, Prescott, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry C 27Je16 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch s c d 5NI7. MANN, STANLEY H., 25, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. MANNING, MARVIN A., 26, Baldwin, Wis.: h Wis; enl Btry B 23Jel7 St Paul; p~vt Ic IS17, corpl 1D17; tr to HdqCo 11Ja18; disch 1OMy19. MANNING, WILLIAM, 21, St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry A 16JI16 St Paul; inns 20JI17, pvt 20Ag17, pvt Ic IAp18, corpl 7My18; WA 18S18; retd to U S 9Ja19; disch 27Jal9. MARBEN, BEN M., 28, St. Paul: b Men. dota; tr from lInf MNG to Btry B 151 FA 30AgI7; hs ID17, pvt 19Mr18, ha 20ApI8, pvt 1Oct18; disch 10Myl9. MARCHESE, JOHN, 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry' B 151FA 19J118; pvt 1c 16Ja19; disch 13My19. MARINO, CHARLES, 19, Corona, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry F 151FA 10JI18; pvt; tr to CasCo Cp Merritt 28Ap19. MARION, MILLARD F., 22, Granhy, Mo.: b Tenn; tr from 336FA to Btry A 151FA 12Je18; pvt; disch 6My19. MARKEWICZ, JOHN, 24, Wheeling, W. Va.: b Russia; tr from l41Btry FA APO 722 to Btry D 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; tr to lS4DepBrig 28Ap19. MARKOWITZ, MAX, 19, New York: b N Y; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; retd to U S 24Mr19- disch 3IMyI9. MARLOW, PAUL J., 21, Stillwater: b Stillwater; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry F 1I5FA; pvt; disch 16Oct17. MARQUARDT, ARTHUR H., 24, Racine, Wis.: h Winona; enl Btry A 14JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl lAgl7; tr to Record Office APO 718 AEF 25Ap18- comsd 2d It lAgI8 and assnd to 15IIPA; tr to Tank Corps. MARSHALL, CLARENCE A., 23, Eden Prairie: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 27Myl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1D17; tr to FHospl67 ll7SnTn 26F19, to Btry D 151FA 26Mr19; disch 1OMyl9. ROSTER 381 MARTIN, ENOCH R., 26, Valparaiso, Nebr.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 15MyI9. MARTIN, OTTO S., 24, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry D 22Je16 Minneapolis; pvt ic 25J117, corpi 13F18, sgt 7Mrl9; WA (severely) 8Mr18 and 22S18; disch 20Myl9. Cited in RO 12Mr18. MARTIN, RAY E., 24, Pinson, Ala.: b Ala; tr from Cp Jackson FARDep to Btry E 151FA 6N18; pvt; tr to 3401nf 30D318. MARTINI, HENRY, 31, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry E 12Je17 Minneapolis; corpl 12D17, pvt 5Oct18; disch lOMyl9. MARTINSON, NELS, 27, Minneapo~lius: b Sweden; tr from lInf MNG to SpCo 151FA 23Agl7; pvt; disch s c d 17Oct17. MARTZ, HARRY C., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 25Ap17 St Paul; pvtWA(severely) 27MyI8; retd to Uxi 9Ja19; disch 27ja19. MASON, HAROLD R., 26, Minneapolis: b Nebr; enl Btry D 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc lMyl8; retd to U S 22Mrl9; disch a c d 28Apl9. M-ASTAIN, JOHN K., 22, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry B 8Ag16 St Paul; corpl 10JI17, sgt 1D17; WA 7Agl8; disch lOMyl9. *MASTERSON, MAURICE, 22, Barnesville: b Iowa; enl Btry F 2Je17 Minneapolis; corpl 14JI17; WA(severely)21S18; killed in action 1N18. Cited in RO 19Agl8. MATHEWS, ROSS W., 28, M-inneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 3Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 9Jal7; entered ROTC Ft Snelling My17, ROTC Ft Sheridan Agl7; disch 26N17 to acc corn. MATHEWS, WALTER J., 19, Red Lake Falls: b Minn; enl Btry C 21Je17 Red Lake Falls; ck 5M'r19; disch l0Myl9. MATLAND, MERLE L., 19, Minneapolis: b Madelia; enl HdqCo 23Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 18J117, sgt 9S18; disch l0Myl9. MATTE, JAM-ES, 24, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. MATTHEWS, ARCHIE H., 22, Minneapolis: b La; enl Btry F 26Mr17 Minneapolis; corpl. 19Ag17, sgt 13,N18; discb lOMyl9. MATUSKI, WALTER A., 22, St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry F 24Mr17 Minneapolis; mus; des 17Oct17. MAUE, DANIEL R., 24, Monticello: b Mon: ticello; enl Btry E 14JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 30Jal8; WA 9Mrl8; disch 14M'yl9. MAUTERER, HERBERT E., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to SupCo 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13Myl9. MAY, CHARLES A., 19, Newellton, La.: h La; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry B 151FA 19J118; pvt; WA(severely) 27Oct18; disch 20My19. MAY, GUST, 32, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl HdqCo 19Je16 Minneapolis; stbl sgt 22S16; tr to lO1nf 23Mrl8. MAY, ROBERT W., 19, Breckenridge: b Red Wing; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 10JI17, pvt 23Oct17, pvt Ic IMy18, corpl 6Mr19; WA 17Mr18; disch lOMyl9. MAYRONNE, HACKER L., 21, Gretna, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to HdqCo 151FA 19J118; p vt; disch 13Myl9. MEADE, ARTHUR, 28, Dunmore, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3M~yl9. M-ELANCON, EUGENE C., 26, N. St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 24J117 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 19N18; 'WA 27Myl8; disch 10Myl9. Cited in RO 3lMy18. MELANCON, LOUIS P., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to SupCo 151FA 19JI18; wagr 1S18, ck 4Jal9; disch 13MIy19. MELANDER, HARRY, 22, Hopkins: b Mounds; enl SupCo 5Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 17Oct17. MELBY, CHESTER D., 21, Benson: b Minneapolis; enj Btry B 23J117 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo lMyl9; mus 3c 2Apl8, mus 2c 8Apl9; disch lOMyl9. MELCHISEDECK, LEaROY H., 20, Minneapolis; enl Iltry E 24Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 15JI18(severely) and 11Oct18; retd to U S 18Mrl9; disch 2Apl9. MELLON, LEWIS H., 26, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. MELOY, SHERMAN 0., 23, Kime, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry A 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch lMyl9. MELVIN, DAVID E., 23, Hanlin Station, Penn.: h Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3M'yl9. MENDENHALL, EUGENE A., 22, Minneapolis: b Osseo; enl Btry E 4My16 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo 17S17, to Btry B 2lApI8; pvt lc lOAgl7, pvt 24Ap18, pvt lc 26D18; WA ahout 16Oct18; tr to 3d Army MPBn 10Jal9. MENKE. GEORGE E., 23, Mandan, N.D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry A 151FA 21JI18; pvt lc 5Agl8; disch lOM'Yl9. MENTER, FRANK G., 18, Hammond, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry A 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 13N18; disch lOMyl9. MERRIHEW, EDWARD K., 30, Newton, Mass.: b Mass; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry D 151FA lJal8; WA 6Mr18; tr to Saumur ArtSch 15N18. MERSTROM', ALBERT, 23, Peshtigo, Wis.: b Wis; enl Btry E 21Ap17 Minneapolis; ck 6F18, pvt 4Jel8; tr to 146FA 9F19. MESSER, LOUIS E., 20, Farmdale, Fla.: b Fla; tr from FAReplRegt APO 778 to HdqCo 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 14Myl9. MESSICK, MEREDITH G., 23, Eagle Grove, Iowa: b, Iowa; enl Btry A 7Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA(severely) 26Oct18; disch 10 Myl9. MESSIG, CHARLES, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 11JI16 St Paul; bglr 24D17, pvt 12F18; WA 11S18; tr to 12PWECo 30IJ118. MESSNICK, WILLIAM L., 26, Corona, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from ll6AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. METZGEN, NICKOLAS, 20, Faribault: b Germany; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btrr D 151FA 19S17; pvt; retd to U S 24118; disch 13Myl9. MICHEL, FRANK W., 34, Appleton: b Appleton; enl Btry F 21Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. 382 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY MICKA, WALTER H. 1., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 13Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. MILES, GLEN L., 27, St. Paul: b Ill; enl Btry B 27Ag17 Ft Snelling; ck 21Ja18, pvt 18S18; retd to U S 13F19; disch 27F19. MILLEON, PETER, 29, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt IC AgI7; disch lOMyl9. MILLER, ARTHUR G., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 28Jel7, sgt 2M~yl8, stbl sgt 5Jel8; overseas 8Fl8 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. MILLER, B3ERT A., 23, St. Cloud: b Iowa;,enl Btry D l2Apl7 St Cloud; sdlr 9AgI7, wagr 9Apl9; tr to 286MPCo 12Ap19. MILLER, CHARLES J., 25, Indiana, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 3O5AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3M'yl9. MILLER, DORISE, 21, Woodlawn, La.: b La; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry E 151FA 1N18; pvt; retd to U S 23Mr19; disch 14Apl9. MILLER, FRANK, '27, Minneapolis: b Tenn; en] Btry C l9Jel6 Minneapolis; sgt; disch s c d 7Jal8. MILLER, FRANK, 25, Virina b Wis; enl Btry B 25 Ap17 St Pau tr toSup 18S17; wagr 19S17, corp1 4F18, wagr 4Jel8; disch 1OMy19. MILLER, FRANK X., 22, Bridal Veil, Ore.: b Iowa; tr from 162Inf to Btry F 151FA 10MyI8; pvt ic; retd to U S 4Mrl9; disch 3lMrI9. MILLER, HARRY, 26, Minneapolis: b Ind; enl Btry B IlAgl6 Minneapolis; tr to SupCo 28Agl6; regtl sup sgt 14J117, wagr 15SI7, corpl 4FI8, wagr 4Je18; disch 10My19. MILLER, HARRY B., 26, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. MILLER, HILTON P., 22, Bangor, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt IC; disch 3MyI9. MILLER IRVIN, 28, Ashley, Penn.: b Penn: tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 17N17; pvt; disch 3MyI9. MILLER, JACOB, 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry D 151FA lAgl8; pvt; tr to 3CasCo Cp Shelby 28Apl9. MILLER, JOHN McG. 28 Jamestown, N. D.: b Litchfield; enl dtry E 2Je17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 10JaI8; pvt lc 25J117, corpl 3N17; retd to U S 13JI19; disch 21JI19. MILLER, LAWRENCE R., 19, Grand Rapids: b Verndale; tr from 3Lnf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 24AgI7; pvt; disch IOM'yl9. MILLER, MAX C., 21, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry F 4Je17 Minneapolis; corpl 19S17, pvt lAp18, corpI 1D18; disch 10My19. MILLER, OLF R., 18 Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry A 5J116 Ft Snelling; corpl. 1l7Oct16, pvtl 9S17, pvt IC 6MyI8; tr to ConvCen DemobGrp Cp Dodge lOMyl9. MILLER, PETER G., 25, Comstock: b N D; enl Btry A 13Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ie I0N17; tr to FASI 8My18. MILLER, SAMUELT I., 24, Saxton. Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 4N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. *MILLER, WILFRED), 21, St. Martinville. La.: h La; tr from IHdq 42Div to Btry F 151FA lAgl8; pvt; died 6Oct18. MINKLER, JAMES E., 24, Pittsfield, M-ass-: b R I; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry A 151FA 22S18; corpl; tr to 305FA, MINNICK, HARRY A., 20, Marshall: h Marshall; en] Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; corpl I.N17, pvt 3S18; disch lQM'yl9. MIRTO, CLEMENTE, 23, Philadelphia: h Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 14N18; pvt Ic 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 11D18. MITCHELL, WILLIAM, 25, Wilkes-Barre, Penn.: b N J; tr from FAReplRegt 4lDiv to Btry A 151FA 22S18; pvt; tr to 3401nf 27JaI9. M'ITTON, RUSSELL W., 21, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F l8Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc IF18; disch lOWyl9. M-ODISETT, DAVID L., 23, Ruthven, Iowa: b Minn; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry A 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. MOE, GUSTAV E., 26, Rushford: b Wis; enl Btry A 23Jel6 St Paul; pvt; entered OTC Ft Snelling 15Myl7; disch 14Ag17 to acc Comn. MOFFIT, JOHN H., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 7AglZ M-inneapolis; pvt; diach lOMyl9. MOHLER, EARL G., 21, Brainerd: b Iowa; enl Btry F llApl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1S18; disch lOMyl9. MOHR, LEO A., 19, Mankato: b Mankato; enl Btry 1E 14JI17 Mankato; pvt IC 19Jel8, corpl 8D)18; disch lOMyl9. Cited. MOHRS, CHARLEY A., 23, Lime Springs, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 2Inf MING to HdqCo 151FA 23Agl7, to Btry D; pvt; disch lOMyl9. M-OLINEK, EMANUEL, 20, Carrolville, Wis.: b Austria; enl Btry A lAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 14Oct18; retd to U S 15Mrl9; disch 5Apl19. MONACO. GUISEPPE, 27, Vandergrift, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA; pvt; disch 3My19. MONAGHAN, JOHN P., 24, Kellys Cross, Canada; b Canada; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. MONAHAN, JOHN P., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 19Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt IC 18D17; tr to 42Div Aer~q 14F18, to Btry D 151FA 4MrI8; disch IOMyl9. MONGE, SIDNEY, 31, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry D 151FA 19JI18; pvt; retd to U S 26M~rl9; disch 19Apl9. MONICO, VERINO, 25, Bristol, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. MONSON, MONS, 23, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btry A lOJel7 St Paul; tr to SupCo; wagr 5Agl7; disch lOMyl9. MONTGOMERY, HARRY J., 25, St. Paul: b Mo; enl Btry C 3Je17 St Paul; pvt lc 13Myl8, pvt 2lAgI8, pvt lc 5Mrl9; WA 9N18; disch lOM~yl9. MOODY, EDWIN G., 21, Princeton: b Winona; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 21My18; pvt; disch IOM'yl9. ROSTER 383 MOORE, ALLEN J., 2 1, St. Paul: b Tenn; eni SupCo 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 27Oct17. MOORE, HAROLD E., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 19Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to l9Engrs (Ry). MOORE, JAMES P., 22, Foley: b Foley; enl Btry D 23J117 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1D17; WA 7Mr18; disch 15Myl9. Cited in RO l2MrI8. MOORE, JOHN, 25, Pottstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S 24Mr19; disch 13ApI9. MORAN, CHARLES C., 24, Wellsburg, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314 FA to Btry D 151FA; pvt; WA (severely) 21S18; disch 8My19. MORAN, MILLER B., 25, Hammond, Ind.: b N Y; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJa18; disch 6Myl9. MORGAN, GEORGE H., 23, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry C 1JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 20SI7; WA(severely) 27My18 -and 15JI18; retd to U 5 1 N18; disch s c d 28Ap19. Cited in RO 20JI18. Awarded Distinguished Service Crosa and Croix de Guerre with gilt star. MORGAN, HARRY C., 27, New York: b N Y; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. MORRILL, WILLARD A., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 23F16; pvt; tr to HdqCo 5Ag17, to 36Inf. MORRIS, JOHN C., 29, Gypsum, Kans.: b Mo; tr from ll6AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 30Apl8; pvt lc, pvt lMyl8; retd to U S 17N18; disch 4F19. MORROW, MILTON G., 25, Huntington, Ind.: b Ind; tr from BdSch APO 703 to HdqCo 151FA 3Ja19; mus 3c; disch lOMyl9. MORSE, AUBREY G., 21, Kinney: b Me; tr from 3Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 15Agl7; wagr lJal8, pvt 25Mrl8, wagr 1S18, pvt 1Oct18, wagr 1M'yl9; disch 7Myl9. MORTKA, FRANK, 18, Milwaukee: b Wis; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag1 7, to Btry D; pvt; disch phys dis 17Oct17. MOSHER, ARTHUR R., 22, Minneapolis: b Gibbon; enl Btry D 1je17 Minneapolis; corpi jeI7; overseas 2Ja18 to SF19; disch 22Ap 19. MOY, FRANK, 28, Ashley, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. MUDGE, ROLLO L., 18, Minneapolis: b Blue Earth; enl Btry D 18Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0My19. MUFF, WALTER, 21, St. Paul: b England; eni Btry C 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 11Ap18; WA(severely) 27My18 and 27Oct18; disch lOM~y19. MULKEARN, MICHAEL F., 22, Homestead, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. MULLEN, AMBROSE, 28, Conshohocken, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt Ic 5Mrl9; disch 3Myl9. MULLEN, HARVEY, 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry D) 151FA 13Myl8; pvt; disch 13Myl9. MULLER, ALFRED B., 18, Minneapolis: b Canada; enl Btry D 2JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyl9. MULLINS, EDWARD W., 24, Marion, S. C.: b S C; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; tr to 77FA 25Jal9. MULLINS, FREDERIC P., 27, Salem, Ohio: b Ohio; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; prom 1st lt 17Agl8; WA 30Oct18; retd to U S 3Agl9; disch 26Ag19. MUMMEY, JACK 5., 19, St. Cloud: b Iowa; tr from 1 Inf MNG to SupCo i51iFA 24Agl7; wagr 19S17; discb 10My19. MURPHREY, JACK, 19, Water Valley, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; WA (severely) 1N18; retd to U S lApI9; disch 16Ap19. MURPHY, DONALD F., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 17J116 Ft Snelling; wagr 1DI7, pvt 2Ap18, pvt lc lD18, pvt 15F19; disch 10Myl9. MURPHY. FRANK G., 23. Minneapolis: b Waseca; enl HdqCo 24Ag17 Ft Snellingpvt; cited in RO 19Ag18: retd to Ug 27Je19; dishon disch 23N19. MURPHY, GEORGE E., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 12Jel7 Minneapolis; corpl 30Ag17, sgt 7Agl8; WA 7Mr18 and 15S18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 12Mr18. MURPHY, RAY M., 19, Minneapolis: b St Cloud; enl SupCo 13Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. MURPHY, THOMAS A., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 2JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 10N17, ck lApl8, pvt 1S18; disch lOMyl9. MURRAY, JOHN J., 21, St. Cloud: b St. Cloud; en] Btry D 16Je17 St Cloud; pvt IC 1D317, corpl 7Mrl9; disch lOMyl9. MUSCIO, GEORGE C., 24, Waterbury, Conn.: b Italy; comsd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; WA(severely) 30Myl8; retd to U S 29J119; disch 12Agl9. MUTZ, SIEGFRIED E., 23, Pipestone: h Pipestone; eni Btry A 25J117 Minneapolis; corpl 20N17; retd to U S 7Apl9; WA 28Oct18; disch 22Apl9. MYERS, ARTHUR A., 29, Harford M-ills, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 3Ol1nf to HdqCo 151FA 20D18; mus; disch 1OMy19. MYRM'AN, RAGNAR A., 27, South Haven: b Sweden; enl Btry B 24Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1S17, pvt 16jal9; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch 1OMy19. N NADEAU. ARTHUR, 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 9J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1Di8; disch lOMyl9. NAEGELI, LOTHER E., 18, Gibbon: b Gibbon; enl Btry E 21Ap17 Minneapoilis; pvt; WA 15JI18; retd to U S 31Jal9; disch 21F19. NAPOLI, ANTONIO, 20, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry D ISIFA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S 24My19; disch 12JI19. 384 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY NASH, GARRETT B., 30, St. Paul: b Wis; comsd 2d It 2lApl7 and assnd to Btry A; prom Ist It 3N17; tr to CasDet Cp Devens 28Ap19. NASIL, GUY, 41, Wis.: b Wis; tr as capt from 13FA to 151FA 26D18; tr to DemobGrp 29Ap19. NEDERMAN, HAROLD J., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; eni Btry C 14Ag17 Ft Snelling; corpi; WA 27My18; tr to 323FA 30S18. NEELEY, RAILTON, 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 5JI17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 2S17. NEFF, EARL D., 23, Osceola, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 21Jl18; pvt; disch lOMy19. NEGRO, JOHN A., 24, New York: b Italy; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA 25Ag17; pvt Ic 24N17; WA 6Mr18; tr to 42MPCo 18D18. NEIBLING, HARLOU P., 23, Minneapolis: b S D; comsd 1st It 24Je17 and assnd to Btry A; tr to l5lDepBrig 28Ap19. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross for bravery in action 2S18 and 26S18 while serving with 2BalSq AS. NEILL, HOWARD F., 30, Milton, Mass.: b Mass: tr as 2d It from 314FA to 151FA 15N18; cas from 29Ap19. NEITZEL, HERMAN, 29, Colden, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 27FAReplRegt to Btry F 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch 3My19. NELSON, ARTHUR N., 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 27J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 7Ag18; WA 28Oct18; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch llAp19. NELSON, ARVIG, 23, Goldfield, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from JIARD to Btry A 151FA 22S18; corpl; disch 1OM'y19. NELSON, BENHART W., 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 27JI17 Ft Snelling; mech 18Oct16, c mech 19N18; disch lOMyl9. NELSON, EDWARD D., 18, White Fish Bay, Wis.: b Wis; tr from Hdq 42Div APO 778 to Btry D 151FA 1Oct18; pvt 1c 1Oct18; WA about 20JI18 (severely) and 19Oct18; tr to 330MGBn 25NI8. NELSON, EMIL W., 26, St. Paul: b Frost; enl Btry C 29Je17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo; pvt 1C 1D17, corpl 31JI18; disch lOMy19. NELSON, EWART G., 20, Minneapolis: b Iowa; eni Btr~ F 6Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c lApl8, corpl 1D18; WA 15MrI8; disch lOMy19. NELSON, GEORGE A., 21, St. Louis Park: b Iowa; en] Btry F 10Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 6N18; retd to U S 31D18; disch 16JaI9. NELSON, GEORGE H., 22, St. Paul: b Wis; enl HdqCo 24J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to 29Engrs 1Oct17. NELSON, GEORGE M-., 18, Minneapolis: b Mound; enl Btry E 20Je17 Minneap. olis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. NELSON, GEORGE 0., 22, Minneapolis: b Buff alo; enl Btry B 20Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 1D18; disch 1OMyl9. NELSON, GEORGE W., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl B3try E 31M'y17 Minoeolis; pvt; disch 1OMyI9. *NELSON, LESTER N., 24, Mankato: b Iowa; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 23Ag17; pvt; died 25My18. NELSON, PAUL 0., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 28Je17, pvt 5N17, pvt I c J118; WA 7Mr18 and (severely) 15JI18; disch 1OMy19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. NELSON, ROBERT, 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; tr from 334FA to Btry B 151FA 19J118; pvt 1c; WA (severely) 14Oct18; retd to U S, 3M-r19; disch s c d 22My19. NELSON, VICTOR 0., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI MC 21Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 26Oct18; WA lOMr and 28Oct18; disch 1OMyl9. NELSON, WALTER G.,1 21, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 20Apl7 St Paul; corpl 25JI18, sgt 1F19; WA(severely) 27My18; discb 12My19. Cited in RO 31My18. NESBY, MERL, 20, Dell Rapids, S. D.: b Iowa; enI Btry B lOAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 13F18, corpl. lAp19; tr to l63Dep Brig 1My19. NESS, EM'IL L., 28, Kenyon: b Kenyon; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Agl7, to Btry B 20SI7; pvt 1c; disch lOMyl9. NESSETH, HENRY M., 23, Beltrami: b Norway; enl Btry C 7JI17 Beltrami; pvt; disch s c d 10Oct17. NEUDECK, CLARENCE A., 22, Kansas City, Mo.: b Mo; tr from ll7AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 2lMy19. NEUENFELDT, HERMAN E., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 3My17 St Paul; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. NEUMUTH, HUGO W., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 14Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 26JI17, corpl 4MyI8, sgt 22Ap19; disch 10M'y19. NEWMAN, JOSEPH F., 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr f rom 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; ditch 3My19. NEWMAN, NORMAN P., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl MC 9Ag16 Ft S nelling; pvt Ic 12S16, sgt 17F17, sgt Ic 8Oct17; ditch 1OMyI9. NEWSTROM', GEORGE W., 26, Minneapolis: b Hastings; enl Btry D 4Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 15Je18; ditch lOMy19. NEWTON, JAMES F., 24, New York: b N Y; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA IJal8; tr to FA unassnd 17S19. NICHOLAS, GEORGE, see GEORGE, NICHOLAS NICHOLAS, NATHANIEL, 23, En~hrata, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; ditch 3My19. NICHOLS, ALLEN C., 18, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic lAp18; ditch 7MyI9. NICHOLS, ERNEST W., 24, Williamson, Penn.: b Mich; comsd 2d It l5Ag17 and assnd to 151FA; prom to 1st It 14Oct18; ditch 29Ap19. NICHOLS, HARLEY N., 21, St. Louis Park: b Kant; enl Btry D 25Je16 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to Tank Corps 3Ap18. *NICHIOLS, LOUIS B., 20, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 19Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; died 19JI18. ROSTER 385 NICHOLS, ROY P., 23, Minneapolis; b Old Concord; enl Btry E lAgl7 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C, to HdqCo 13S18; mus 3c 1N18; disch 10My19. NICHOLSON, FRANCIS L., 24, Shamokin, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 11 7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3My19. NICHOLSON, GEORGE W., JR., 21, Jamaica, N. Y.: b N, Y; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17, to Det 151FA 1Oct17; pvt; tr to 147FA APO 722 9Ap 19. NICHTER, EDWARD F., Millvale, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. NICKELL, JOE, 21, Parsons, Kans.: b Kans; tr from ll7AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 1My18; wagr; tr to 42MPCo 1D18. NIELSEN, LAURIST R., 27, Hutchinson: b Denmark; enl Btry C 21Ap17 Hutchinson; ck lJa18; WA 15JI18; retd to U S 14F19; disch lMr19. NIELSEN, NIKOLAJ E., 23, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry C 26J117 M-inneapolis; pvt; WA 26S18; retd to U S 24F19; disch 28Mr19. NIGHTINGALE, PHILIP 5., 22, M-inneapolis: b Faribault; enl Btry B 22Jel6 St Paul; prom col sgt and tr to HdqCo 22Ag16; OTC Ft Snelling from Myl7; disch 14Ag17 to acc com. NILES, LESLIE M., 18, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry A 28Ap17 St Paul; pvt; tr to Tank Corps 3Ap18. NIX, GEORGE E., 25, Phil Campbell, Ala.: b Ala; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 16My19. NIXON, NEIL V., 25, Hattiesburg, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry F 151FA lAgl8; pvt; disch 13M~y19. NOETHEN, FRANK J., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 26Mr17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 15Oct17. NORDBERG, VICTOR E., 29, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry D 21Je16 Minneapolis; ha; disch 10My19. NORRBOM', OSCAR E., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 1OAg18, pvt 3S18; WA 30JI18; disch 15My19. NORTH, RUFUS A., 23, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry F 7JI17 Minneapolis; corpi 19S17, sgt 15Ja18, bn sgt Maj 13Oct18; WA 1OMr18; retd to US 24Mr19; disch 5Ap19. NORTON, RAYMOND R., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 5Je17 St Paul; pvt 1c 1S17; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 21Ap19. NOTH, EDWIN F., 27, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry B 1J117 Ft Snelling; corpl 1S17, sgt 8Ag18; disch lOMy19. 0 O'BANNON, DAVID 5., 26, Minneapolis: b KY; enl Btry B 28Je16 Ft Snelling; tr to PTRegt Ft Snelling 14My17; pvt; disch s c d 21Ag17. O'BRIEN. FREDERICK J., 22, Minneapolis; b Minneapolis; enl Btry B3 25J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 15F18, corpl 8S18; disch 1OM.y19. O'BRIEN, JAMES, 29, Philadelphia; b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. O'BRIEN, JAMES V., 18, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from FARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 3My19. O'BRYAN, JACK 34, St. Paul- b Texenl Btry C 30J117 Ft Snelling; regti sup sgt; comsd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to Btry C; tr to HdqCo; tr to 3O6RmSq 1lAp19. OCHUS, MIKE, 23, Minneapolis: b Poland; enl BtrY A 6J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 10N17; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 13JI19; disch 22JI19. O'CONNOR, JOSEPH C. 18 Shakopee: b Minneapolis; enl Hdq&o 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to FASI AEF 17S18. Cited in RO 19Ag18. ODEGAARD, HAROLD 5. 18, Hutchinson: b Norway; enl Btry C 14Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt; retd to U S 11Mrl9; disch 24M'rl9. O'DONNELL, GEORGE E., 20, Cohoes, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from FARepl~kegt AEF to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 3My19. O'GRADY, JOHN G., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 26Jel6 St Paul; tr to Btry A 31J117; sgt 1Ag17, pvt 18My18, corpl 1JI18, pvt; disch 10M.y19. O'HAIR, FRED J., 23, Waverly: b Waverly; enl Btry A 30Je17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo, to BHosp 13D18; pvt 1c 1Ag18; disch 17My19. OHMAN, ERHARD A., 20. Meadowlands: b N D; enl HdqCo 27Je17 Minneapolis; corpl 25J117, s-gt 11S17; tr to l63Dep Brig 31N17, to HdqCo i51FA 10My19; disch 15Myl9. OHMANN, CLARENCE E., 23, Slope Center, N. D.: b N D; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry D 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch lOMy19. OHRN, ARTHUR J., 21, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry B 13JI16 Ft Snelling- corpl IS17; tr to AArtSch Cp Do Valdafon as instr. OLDFIELD, WILLIAM A., 25, St. Paul: b Wis; eni Btry B 17J116 Ft Snelling; sup sgt, sgt; disch 14Ag17 to acc com. O,'LEARY, DENNIS E., 29, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr f rom, 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; corpl 6Mr19; diach 8M'y19. OLIVER, RAYMOND C., 31, St. Paul: b N Y; enl Btry B 14Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 1D17, ck 7D17, pvt 6Mr18, pvt Ic 16Ja19; disch 1OMy19. OLSEN, AUD C., 29, Chicago: b Ill; tr from HdqBdSc h APO 703 to HdqCo 151FA 28D18; pvt; diach lOMy19. OLSEN, CLARENCE L., 30, Minneapolis: b Iowa; tr from 334FA to Btry A 151FA 10J118; pvt 1c 19N18; disch lOMy19. OLSON, ANDREW J., 19, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 17Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt Ic 15N17, corpl 1Jal8, pvt 1OAp18, 1st sgt 1Oct18; diach lOMyl9. OLSON, CARL, 25, Avoca: b Avoca; enl Btry B 29J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 15F18, corpl 4M'y18; WA 28Oct18; tr to 337Inf 20Ja19. OLSON, CARL J., 23, Virginia: b Soudan; enl Btry B 24Ap17 St Paul-, pvt Ic 1S17, mech 8S18; disch 1OMyl9. OLSON, CHARLES 0., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis:, enl Btry C 8Agl 7 Ft Snelling; ck 1S18, pvt 18N18; WA Apl8, 386 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 16J118, Oct18; overseas 8Ja18 to 25Mr19; disch 5Apl9. OLSON, EDWARD, 24, Marietta: b S D; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A 151FA 29AgI7; pvt; tr to ll6SupTn 30ApI8. OLSON, EDWARD C., 22, Mora: enl Btry A 14Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch phys dis 9Ag17. OLSON, ELMER E., 21, Bird Island: b Bird Island; eni Btry D 28My17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 3641nf 25N18. OLSON, GUNNAR, 21, St. Paul: b Norway; eni Btry A 17JI16 Ft Snelling; corpI 12J117, sgt 19S17; disch 1OMy19. OLSON, JOHN, 21, Minneapolis: b Minn; enl Btry A 19J116 Ft Snelling; pvt; overseas IM-r18 to F19; disch s c d 14N19. OLSON, JOHN B., 19, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enI Btry E 19JeI6 Minneapolis; pvt; disch IOMy19. Cited in RO 12M4rI8 and in DO 11JeI8. OLSON, KINZO- F., 18, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry D 24Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMyI9. OLSON, MARTIN, 23, Almont, N. D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 2IJ118; pvC; disch l0MyI9. OLSSON, EDGAR V., 21, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 15Je18, corpl 6Ag18; disch I0M'yl9. ONION. CHARLES A., 31, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 14Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1DI7, corpl lOMrI9; disch 10My19. OPJORDEN, ROLPH, 24, Milan: b Milan; enl Btry B 23Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdciCo 18S18; mus 3c IN18, mus 2c 8Ap19; disch 10MyI9. ORDEMANN, HAROLD G., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 8Je17 St Paul; corpl 17Oct16, sgt 2J117, pvt 19S17, mech; tr to FASI APO 711 8MyI8. ORRS, WILLIAM' J., 22, Reading, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. ORTON, ALBERT, 22, Elmira, N. Y.: b England; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. OSBORNE, ANGUS F., 22, Bock: b Milaca; enl Btry C 3S17 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 6NI7, corpI 7M~r19; WA 27Myl8; disch l0My19. OSBORNE. MARSHALL, 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 24JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 14MrI8. OTTO, FRANK, 23, Milwaukee: b Wis; enl Btry F 21Ap17 Minneapolis; sgt, pvt; WA(severely) 3IJ118; overseas 9FI8 to 2Ap19; disch s c d 21Je19. OUCALE. LEON, 26, Napoleonville, La.: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry E 151FA lAgI8; pvt; disch 3MyI9. OVERHOLT. WINFIELD 5., 22, Calmar, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch I0My19. OVERLOCK, TRAFTON H., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 17Ap17 Minneapolis; pVt; WA 7Mr18; disch lOMy19. Cited in RO1I2Mr18. OVERMAYER, CHARLES C., 29, Kansas City, Kans.: b Iowa; Cr from 11 7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; tr to FHospl68 l17SnTn 14FI9, to Btry B ISIFA 6Apl9; pvt; disch 1OM.y19. OWENS, EDWARD J., 22, Minneapolis: b Mo; enl Btry B 27F15 Minneapolis; pvC; WA Oct18; retd to U S 17Dl8; disch 20Jal9. OWENS, PETER F., 31, Virginia; b Mich; enI Btry B 24Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. OWENS, PETER J., 30, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry F l9Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to HdoCo: s t 5Oct18; overseas 8M~r18 to 26Ap19; ~isch 19My19. OWENS, SAMUEL K., 22, Rosman, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry E 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 13MyI9. OWENS, STERLING, 22, Richmond, N. Y.: b N Y; Cr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry D 151FA 15My18; pvt; disch s c d 28MyI9. OWENS, WILLIE D., 20, Terry, Miss.: b Miss; Cr from Hdq 42Div to Btry C 151FA lAgI8; pvt ic 5 Mn19; disch 13My19. P PACE, DUDLEY H., 23, Hugo, Okla.: b Tex; Cr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Ja18; cas from 10FI8. PACK, ALBERT B., 29, Wehuttty, N. C.: b N C; Cr from Cp Jackson FeARD to Btry E 151FA 6N18; pvt Ic 4Mr19; disch 13MyI9. PAGE, THOMAS S., 24, San Francisco: b Mo; enl Btry D 3S17 Ft Riley; sgt 4D17; WA 7MrI8; comsd 2d It 31Oct18; retd to U S 12AgI9; disch 28Ag19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. PAGLIUCA, NICOLA, 22, Boston: b Italy; Cr from 6FA to Btry D I51iFA 28D17; pvC; disch 21MyI9. PALES, JAMES W., 23, Paterson, N. J.: b N J; Cr from 2OCav to HdqCo 151FA 25AgI7; pvC; disch 3My19. PALMA, PHILLIP, 24, Susquehanna, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. PALMER, DONALD B., 30, Minneapolis: b England; comsd 2d It VC 11JI17; prom 1st It 14JI17, capt 8D17; Cr to Hdq 89Div lJa19. PALMER, GEORGE C., 18, Smyrna, Tenn.: b Tenn; Cr from 6FA to Btry E 151FA 28D17; pvt Ic 4Mr19; disch 15My19. PALMER, JOSEPH A., 23, Zanesville Ohio: b Ohio; comsd 2d It l5Ag17 and assnd to 151FA lJa18; Cr Co 88AerSq 21JI18. PALMER, LEE, 23, Bloomington: h Bloomington; enI Btry F 8Agl7 Minneapolis; pvt C lc D18; WA 15JI18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 29SI8. PALM-ER, REUBEN M., 25, Delaware Water Gap, Penn.: h Penn; comsd 2d It 15Ag17 and assnd to 1IiFA; disch 14Myl9. PAPE, GUSTAVE F., 18, Princeton: b Princeton; Cr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA J115, to Newport News DeC 1Oct17, to 42Div La Rochelle DeC 7F18, to Rmtn Dep BSec2 22Mrl8, to HdqCo 151FA IOMyl8; pvC Ic, corpl 21J117; WA Oct18; overseas 8FI8 to 26Ap19; disch 10My19. PAPKE, IRWIN J., 18, Gihbon: b Gibhon; enl Btry E 21Ap17 Minneapolis; pvC; disch 1 OM~yl9. PARADISE, ALEXANDER L., 21, St. Paul: b Wis; enI Btry C 5J,617 St Paul; ROSTER 387 corpi 19Oct18; retd to U S l9Je19; disch 22JI119. PARE, ARMAND A., 22, Duluth: b Canada; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdcjCo 151FA 25Ag1; sgt lN17; disch lOMyl9. PARRISH, ARCHIE L., 29, St. Paul: b Penn; enl SupCo 16Ap17 St Paul; wagr 19D17, pvt 1S18; retd to U S 22Mr19; disch lAp19. PARSONS, ARTHUR W., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry F 31Mr17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1Ja18, corpI 19Oct18; retd to U S l9Jel9; disch 15J119. PASKINS, ROBERT D., 29, Des Moines: b Ind; tr as 2d It from 314FA to 151FA 15N18; disch 12Myl9. PATRICK, FRANK R., 24, Hinckley: b 1-inckley; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 16JI17, corpl lJal8; tr to Tank Corps 24F18. PATRICK, MARTIN 5., 18, Duluth: b Wis: tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry C 151FA 24Ag17; pvt lc 1S18; WA about 28Oct18; retd to U S 5Jel9; disch 16Je19. PATWELL, ALBERT H., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 22Je17 St Paul; pvt lc; disch 1OMyl9. -PAUL, EDWARD J., 20, Dassel; b N D; enl Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; corp1 4D17; killed in action 1N18. PAUL, KARL F., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 16Ap17 M'inneapolis; tr to HdqCo 11Jal8; pvt lc 2Apl8, corpl 2Myl8; disch 10My19. PAUL, LEROY H., 23, Little Canada: b Minn; en] Btry C 26JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA (severely) 27My18; disch 12Myl9. Cited in RO 3lMyl8. PAULSON, HENRY, 24, Duluth: b Mich; tr from 3Inf M'NG to SupCo 151FA 25Agl7; wagr 15S17, corpl 7F18, sgt 12J118, sup sgt 7S18; disch 1OMyl9. PAULSON, PETER B., 25, Minneapolis: b Norway; enl Btr D 27JI17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry B 8Oct17; pvt lc 26Mr18; WA 17Mr18(severely) and 14S18; retd to US 21Oct18; disch 11Ja19. Cited in RO 18M~r18. PAULSTON, LLOYD, 21, Minneapolis: b Porter; enl Btry A 13J116 Minneapolis; corpl 19S17, pvt lJal8, bglr 17Ja18; WA (severely) about 6S18; retd to U S 16Oct18; disch 21Jal9. PAUTOT, ALFRED H., 37, Youngstown, Ohio: h Ohio; comsd capt 14J117 and apptd hn adj; tr to Btry B 2OAgl7; disch 13My19. PAYNE, CLYDE V., 19, Minneapolis: h Albert Lea; eni Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1Jal8; disch 10%My9. PAYNE, HENRY L., 28, St. Paul: b Wash; enl Btry C 27Je17 St Paul; pvt lc 20S17, corpl 11Myl8, pvt 28Jal9; WA (severely) 14Oct18; disch lOMy19. PAYNE, MAX E., 37, Chicago: b Ill' tr as 1st It from 149FA to 67FABrig 14917; prom capt 3N17; assnd to 151FA 9Jel8; tr to ll7AmTn 27Je18. PEACOCK, BERNARD R,1 20 St. Paul: b Wis; enl HdqCo 4S17 lVt Snelling; pvt lc 7S18; disch lOMyl9. PEASE, ALPHEUS T., 38, Minneapolis: b Mich; enl Btry A 6J116 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 10N17; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch 5ApI9. PEDERSON, MELVIN, 21, Madison: b Faribault; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A 151FA; pvt Ic 10Jel8; retd toU S 7Ap19; disch 22Ap19. PEEBLES, GRANVILLE C., 21, Jackson, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13Myl9. PEEK, RANDALL J., 19, Minneapolis: h) Rochester; enl Btry F 10Ap17M inneapolis; pvt lc lAp18, pvt 10D18; disch lOMyl9. PEELER, FORREST, 22, Lawndale, N. C.: h N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry F 151FA lN18; pvt; disch 13My19. PELOQUIN, ARTHUR I., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 21Je16 St Paul; corpl, sgt 25S17, pvt lApl8, mech 8Ap18; disch lOMy19. PELTZ, JOHN DEW., 23, Albany, N. Y.: h N Y; tr as 2d It from FARepIRegt to 151FA 9AgI8; tr to LiaisSv 1F19. Awarded Ordre de l'Etoile Noire. PENN, CLIFFORD T., 23, Johnstown, Penn.: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. PENNINGTON, FOREST M'., 20, Gaffney S. C.: b S C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry F 151FA 8N18; pvt; disch IOMyl9. PERCEL, HARRY, 22, Utica, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry D 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 3Myl9. PERKINS, HAROLD J., 19, Cottage Grove: b Cottage Grove; enl Btry E 18Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 7Mr18; retd to U S 31Jal9; disch 20F19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. PEROCESCHI, URBANO, 25, St. Paul: b Austria; enl Btry B 4Je17 St Paul; pvt Ic 2lMyI8; disch lOMyl9. PERRY, CHARLES H, 25, Virginia: b Mich; enl Btry B 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch lOM'y19. PERRY, CHESTER F., 31, Charbonneau, N. D.: b Iowa; tr from 336FA to Btry E 151FA 12Jel8; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. PERRY, GEORGE B., 19, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 7JI17; tr to Btry A; pvt; des 28S17. PERRY, TONY, 23, Minneapolis: b Italy; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapoi's; tr to 147FA 9Apl8, to Btry F 151 FA21 Myl18; pvt; disch l0Myl9. PERSFULL, CLEO, 23, Plainview, Ark.: b Ark; tr from Cp Beauregard JeARD to Btry E 151FA 1Agl8; pvt; tr to CasBn Cp M'erritt 28ApI9. PERSON, JOHN, 20, S. Manchester, Conn.: b Sweden; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA lAgl7; pvt; tr to 59CA 3Apl8. PESANO, JOSEPH A., 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. PETER, GEORGE W., 25, Mountain Lake: b Iowa; enl Btry C 24Je16 St Paul; corpl lJal7, sgt 13F18, stbl sgt 15F18, sgt 1Agl8, pvt 1S18; WA (severely) 29My18 and 28Oct18; retd to U S 26Jal9; disch 15Ap19. PETERMAN, CHARLES, 27, Philadelphia: h Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; discb 3M'y19. PETERS, DANIEL, 23, Penns Grove, N. J.: b Penn; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151F A 27Ag17; pvt; WA 15Mr18; disch 3Myl9. 388 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY PETERSEN, JOHN M'., 21, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl HdqCo lOApI7 Minnasapolis; pvt lc 24Oct18, corpi 18N18; disch lOMyl9. PETERSEN, PETER M., 40, St. Paul: b Denmark; eni Btry A 28Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 20Oct17. PETERSEN, THEODOR, 27, Minneapolis: b Denmark; eni MC 26Ap17 Minneapolis; sgt 8Oct17; died 5Mr18 of wounds received in action. Cited in RO 12M'rl8. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre. PETERSON, ARTHUR E., 20, Atwater: b Atwater; enl Btry A 4J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 6MY18; tr to HdqTrp A of 0 30Mrl9. PETERSON, CARL E., 21, Superior, Wis.: b Crow Wing; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 25AgI7; pvt IC 1D17, pvt 7S18; disch 10My19. PETERSON, CLARENCE A., 18, Mankato: b Walters; enl Btry A 23Ap17 St Paul:pvt; WA 28J118; retd to U S 13F19; disch lM~rl9. PETERSON, EDDIE H., 26, Bowman, N. D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 2IJ118; pvt; tr to St Aignan CasCo 1424 21Ja19. PETERSON, EDWARD G., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 29JI17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 10NI7, corpi 3Apl8, pvt 25D18; disch 12Myl9. PETERSON, ERNEST 0., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 23Je17 Minneapolis; ck 1Oct17; tr to Hdq 67FABrig I8M'r18. PETERSON, GEORGE, 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry B 12Agl6 Ft Snelling; pvt IC, corpi; tr to 147FA. *PETERSON, GEORGE W., 27, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C 24Je17 St Paul; pvt ic; died 15JaI8. PETERSON, GLENN L., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 23Je16 St Paul; pvt lc IJaI8, corpl. l2Jel8; disch lOMy19. PETERSON, HAROLD E., 27, M-inneapolis: b North Branch; enl MC 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 3Oct17, sgt 26Apl8; WA (severely) 14Oct18; disch IOMy19. PETERSON, HENRY, 23, Hutchinson: b McLeod Co; enl Btry C 28J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 1S18; disch lOM'yl9. PETERSON, JENS J., 29, Hutchinson: b Denmark; enl Btry C 23JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC IJa18, corpl ID18; WA 27Myl8; disch 10Myl9. Cited in RO 31M-yl8. PETERSON, LESTER W., 27, Pipestone: b Ill; enl Btry A 27JI17 Minneapolis; corpl 15jaI8, sgt 3Ap18; WA 27Oct18; retd to U S 14F19; disch 5Mrl9. PETERSON, LOUIS, 29, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 25F16 St Paul; corpl 13NI7, pvt 7Myl8, pvt IC 7AgI8; WA 28Oct18; tr to Cp Dodge Det No 1 337Inf 20JaI9. PETERSON, PAUL E., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl MC 14Je17 M~inneapolis; pvt lc 27S18; WA(severely) ahout 28Oct18; retd to V S 26Mr19; disch 15Apl9. PETERSON, RHINEHART, 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 27Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc; disch 1OMyI9. PETERSON, SOREN, 23, Hutchinson: h Denmark; enl Btry C 30J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 11Ap18; WA (severely) 30Oct18; disch 1OM'y19. PETERSON, WALTER B., 24, Hutchinson: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C 25J117 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 19N18; disch I0M'yI9. PETERSON, WILBUR C., 19, Marshall: b Marshall; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 16Oct18; pvt lc 20Ja18, sgt 6N19; WA 28Mrl8; disch 14My19. PETERSON, WILHELM, 24, Harlan, Iowa: h Denmark; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22AgI7; wagr 30Ag17; tr to St Aignan CasCo 96. PETRESCU, DUM'ITRU, 27, Minneapolis: b Rumania; enl Btry F 24Je16 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. PETTERSEN, FRITHJOF G., 23, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry D 16Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to Btry F; pvt IC 19Ag17, corpl 12Jel8; disch 1OMyl9. PETTERSON, EINAR T., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 23Ap 17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 15Jal8, corpl 1 1 8; WA 7M'r18; disch IOMyl9. Cited in RO I2Mrl8. PFRIMMER, JOHN L., 23, Lucas, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 336FA to Btry D 151FA l2Jel8; pvt; disch I0M-y19. PHILIPPY, PAUL H. G., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B l9Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 1D17, corpl lApl9; disch lOMyl9. PHILLIPS, LEROY A., 24, Gravois Mills, Mo.: b Mo; tr from 336FA to Btry E 151FA 12Je18; pvt; retd to U S 9Mr19; disch I2ApI9. PHILLIPS, OCEA V., 18, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C 24Mr16 St Paul; corpl 1JI16, sgt 10JI17; WA(severely) 15JI18; disch 1OMyl9. Cited in RO 21JI18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre with gilt star. PICKETT, LEE M., 23, Leavenworth, Kans.: h Kans; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to Btry D 151FA 1Ja18; WA 8Mr18; prom capt 7S18; disch 29Myl9. Cited in RO I7Mr18. PICKUS, 1-ENRY J., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 23Apl7 1\iinneapolis; pvt IC 20Jal8, sdlr 18ApI8, corpl 7AgI8, sgt l4Apl9; disch 1OMyl9. PIERCE, FRED J., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 26Ap17 St Paul; pvt; retd to U S IlMrI9; disch 24MrI9. PIERCE, WILLIAM A., 20, Butte, Mont.: b Wash; tr from 1l7FSBn to Btry B 151FA 30ApI8; pvt; disch I7MyI9. PIERI, PALMER, 21, Minneapolis: b Italy; enl Btry A 11JI17 Minneapolis; pvt IC I0N18; disch 1OMy19. PIERSON, HAROLD R., 21, St. Paul: b Stillwater; enl B3try B l2Agl6 Ft Snelling; corpl I9Ag17; WA ahout 18S18; di~sch lOMyl9. PIGGOTT, EVERETT W., 19, St. Paul: b Mich; enl Btry C 13Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 2D318. PINCUS, ALPHONSE, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141 FA to Btry C i51iFA 19JI18; pvt; disch 3My19. PING, LESTER 0., 19, Powhattan, Kans.: b KY; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 2lM'yI9. ROSTER 389 PINTI, HENRY, 22, Reading, Penn.: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. PIPER, FOREST B., 20, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20Jal9; WA (severely) 15JI18; disch 10My19. PIRTIMBEN, EUGENE V., 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 1Agl8, to 3d Army ReplDep 2F19, to Btry A 151FA 3lMr19; pvt; disch 13Myl9. PITTELLA, JOSEPH, 22, Boston: b Italy; tr from 6FA TngBn to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry D 151FA 30D17; pvt lc 10Agl8; disch 6M-y19. PITTSLEY, HENRY W., 18, Austin: b Wis; tr from 2Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 25Ag17, to Btry D; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. PIZNAL, FRANK, 18, Minneapolis: b Austria; enl Btry F 23Ap)17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA(severely) 1OAgl8; overseas 9F18 to 25Mrl9; disch 5Apl9. PLACE, EDWARD G., 20, Minneapolis: b Vt; enl Btry D 13Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 1J118; WA 7Mrl8; retd to U S 7Apl9; disch 22Apl9. Cited in RO I12Mrl8. PLACEK, LEO A., 24, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 23JI17 Minneapolis; pvt ic ID17; WA 10Mr18 and 1Oct18; disch 10My19. PLAISTED, EARL R., 30, Breckenridge: b Stillwater; enl Btry A 20JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 31JI17, pvt 2Apl8, pvt lc 19N18; overseas 8Mr18 to 26Apl9; disch 10My19. PLATZER, CHARLES, 27, Norwood: b Norwood; enl Btry B 12Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt; overseas 9F18 to 26Apl9;;disch 10My19. PLEAT, BENJAMIN, 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 12M'yl8; pvt; WA about 27Oct18; retd to U S 9Jal9; disch a c d 9Mrl9. PLOZI, JOSEPH, 21, St. Paul: b Austria; enl Btry C 28Je16 St Paul; pvt lc 16JI17, corpl 10Apl8; disch lOM'yl9. PLUMSTEAD, ABNER C., 23, Minneapolis: b Shakopee; enl HdqCo 19Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 23N17. PODGORSKI, JOSEPH, 24, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 20Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc 10N17; tr to Cp Dodge Det 337 Inf 20Jal9. POOLE, FRANCIS J., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 23Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry D 10Oct17; pvt; WA 20Oct18; retd to U S 18Mr19; disch 2Apl9. POPMA, CHRIS G., 24, Orange City, Iowa; b Iowa; tr from lI1FA to Btry A i51iFA 1S18; pvt; retd to U S 5M'rl9; disch 22Mr1l9. POST, EMIL A., 18, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 20Jel7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1OAgl8; disch lOMyl9. POTUZAK, JOHN, 29, Hutchinson: b Hungary; enl Btry 1) 2Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 8M~r19; disch lOMyl9. POWELL, CLARENCE C., 20, New York: b Tex; tr from FATngBn to Btry E 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 27My19. POWELL, SOLOMON D., 30, Atlanta, Ga.: b Ga; tr from TngSch for SnTn to MC 151FA 13S18; pvt; tr to CasBn 28Ap19. POWERS, JOHN W., 31, Boston: b Mass; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 26Ag17; pvt; tr to 147FA 9Ap18. PRAGER, ANTHONY, 19, Minneapolis: b Albany; enl Btry D lJel7 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo, to FAReplRegt 22Ag18, to HdcqCo 151FA SF19; pvt; WA(severely) 30JI18; disch l5My19. PRATHER, CHESTER A., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneanolis; enl Btry E 29Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; des 16D17 Cp Mills. PREJEAN, IVY A., 23, Gretna, La.: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry E 151FA lAgl8; pvt lc 4Mrl9; disch 13My19. PRESTON, LEWIS R., 28, Minneapolis b N Y; enl HdqCo 30J117 Ft Snel ig corpl 9Agl7, sgt 11S17; tr to Tank Corps 2 1Ap 18. PRETZEL, HERMAN H., 22, Stillwater: b Stillwater; enl Btry C 19J117 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 20S17, mech lD17, pvt 8Apl8, corpl lOApl8, pvt 11M~yl8, c mech 13My18; WA(severely) 27Myl8; disch IOMyl9. PREVEAU, VICTOR, 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to HdqCo 151FA 28My18; ck 6S18; disch 13My19. PRIBLO, ALEXANDER, 25, Oliphant, Penn.: b Penn; tr from Cp Jackson FARD to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. PRICE, DOUGLAS D., 21, Vicksbu~rg, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Rest Cp Havre to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 29D17; tr to Cp Shelby Recr and Cas Cp 29Ap19. PRICE, EDWARD, 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to HdqCo 151FA 19JI18; pvt; tr to 3d Army MPBn 18Ja19. PRICE, HENRY H., 29, Walterboro, S. C.: b S C; tr from FAReplRegt APO 778 to Btry C 151FA IN18; pvt; tr to CasDet 1591nf 9F19. PROSPERO, TEBARO, 24, Lansford, Penn.: b Italy; tr from Rest Cp Havre to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 29D17; pvt lc 1F18, pvt 7Mrl9; disch 3Myl9. PROSTEK, ANDREW W., 18, Milwaukee: b Minneapolis; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7, to Btry B; wagr; disch a c d 7Oct17. PROVENCHER, HAROLD, 23, Thief River Falls: b Mich; enl Btry F 21Je17 Minneapolis; ck, pvt, pvt lc 10D18; disch lOMyl9. PUFFER, IRVIN M., 23, Concord, Mass.: b Mass; tr as 2d It from 314FA to 151FA 15N18; disch 23My19. PUFFER, WALTER W., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry E 16Ap17 Minneapolis; ha lMyl8, pvt N18; retd to U S 20Mrl9; disch 30Apl9. PULASKI, EDWARD, 20, New York: b N Y; tr from Rest Cp Havre to 67FABrig 28D17 and assnd to Btry A i1iF 29D17; pvt lc 19N18, corpl 20N18; disch 3My19. PUTNEY, FRED W., 24, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 21Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt lc 6N17, corpI lApl8; WA (severely) 27MyI8 and 11Oct18; disch IOMYl9. 390 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Q QUARNSTROM, MILTON G., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI MC 18Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 21Ag17. QUAY, ARTHUR H., 22, Wayzata: b N Y; enl Btry A 5J117 Ft Snelling; corpi 13N17, sgt 19Oct18; retd to U S 20Agl8; disch 5Mr19. QUELLETTE, JOHN, 31, Lawrence, Mass.: b Canada; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 14My19. QUIGLEY, LAWRENCE J,1 Minneapolis: b Ind; eni Btry D 21Je'161 9inneapolis; corp]l17Jel7, sgt 24Ja18, sgt 1c 3Mr19; WA 7Mr18 and (severely) 17JI18; disch 10M~y19. Cited in RO 12Mrl8. QUILLOU, THEOPHILE, 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13Myl.9. QUINLAN, RAYMOND F., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 24Jel6 St Paul; corpI 1Ja17, sgt 10Jl17, 1st sgt 24Apl8; WA 6Mr18; disch 31Agl8. Cited in RO 12M~r18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. QUIRK, JOHN G., 20, New York: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry A 151FA 28D17; pvt lc 14N18; disch 3My19. R RABB, WILLIAM S., 17, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enI HdqCo 28Apl7 St Paul; tr to Btry B; pvt; tr to CHospiS AEF 14F18. RADECKER. WESLEY J., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry D 151FA 14Myl8; pvt; tr to Cas Co APO 726 14Ag18. RAFFO, EMILE, 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; retd to U S 23My19; disch 3JI19. RALPH, CARLETON E., 20, St. Paul: b Minneapolis, eni HdqCo l9Je16 Mfinneapolis; sgt 111~17; tr to FARD AEF 15Ap18. RALSTON, CHARLES E., 23, St. Paul: b Crookston; enI HdqCo 20Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry D 26Mr19; hs 1D17, pvt 1Je18; disch l0My19. RAMBERG, ALBERT G., 25, Morgan Park: b Sweden; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry A; mech lOJel8; disch 7Myl9. RAMIE, JOHN A., 28, Maple Lake: b Wis; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 15Ag17; wagr 29Agl7; disch lOMy19. RAMSEY, AARON W., 29, McClung, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8My19. RAMSEY, HUGH R., 25, Hoffman, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry D 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 13M'yl9. RANDALL, BURTON H. R., 25, Baltimore: b Md; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 23JI18; tr to RR&CSv 25N19. RANDALL, CLAYTON, 24, St. Paul: b Mankato; enl Btry B 17JI16 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry C; sgt 10J117; WA(severely) 29My18 and 7Ag18; overseas 9F18 to 2Apl9; disch 21Ap19. RANDALL, EDGAR K., 21, St. Paul: b Mankato; enl Btry B 27Myl7; pvt lc 1S17; WA 27Oct18; tr to 3401nf 7D18. RANDOLPH, WALTER H., 19, Excelsior: b Renville; tr from IlInf MNG to SupCo l51I-A 24Ag17; wagr lMrl9; disclh 1 OMyl9. RARDIN, GEORGE L., 18, Farihault: h Waterville; eni HdqCo lOJll6 Minneapolis; nius 3c, hd corpIl 9S18; disch lOMyl9. RARI)IN, HARRY E., 20, FaribauLlt: b Minneapolis; en] IHdqCo 6JI16 Minneapolis; mus 3c 10J116, bd corpl. 9S18; disch IlOMy 19. RAY, CHARLES J., 33, St. Paul: b Ill; tr from l~nf MNG to SupCo iSI FA 23AgI7; pvt lc IS17, wagr lJel8; disch lOMyl9. RAYKM'AN, ROY. 26, St. Paul: b Ill: enl Btry A 19J116 Ft Snelling; corpl 25J117, sgt 13N17; tr to 3401nf 8F19. Cited in RO 27Oct18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. RAYMIE, FRANK, 24, Lovila, Iowa; h Iowa; tr from 336FA to Btry D 151FA 12Jel8; pvt ic, pvt IJI18; disch IOMyl9. RAYMOND, ALFRED J., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1D17, corpl 17Ap19; disch lOMyl9. RAYMOND, EUGENE, 34, Newport, R. I.: b Mass; tr from Rest Cp Havre to 67FA Brig 28D17 and assnd to Btry A 151FA 29D17; pvt lc lApl8; disch 6Myl9. REAMER, STEWART BI., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en] Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 4M~rl9; pvt lc AgI6, sgt 19Agl7, pvt 7F18; disch lOMyl9. REAVES, WALTER W., 22, Chicago: b S C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry C 151FA 8N18; pvt; tr to 3lOSupTn 26Jal19. REED, LEONARD C., 21, St. Paul: h Minneapolis; enl MC 15Je17 St Pauil; pvt lc 21N18; WA(severely) 11Oct18; disch lOMyl9. REED, RAYM-OND R., 20, Malta, Mont.: h Detroit; tr from lInf MNG to Sup)Co 151FA 22Agl7; pvt; disch 7Myl9. REED, SAMUEL 0., 28, Altoona, Penn.: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 24J119. REESE, CARL E., 20, Devils Lake, N. D.: h Iowa; enI HdqCo 24J117 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 1D18; disch 1OMyl9. Cited in RO 21J118. REGEL, MARTIN F., 29, Moundsville, W. Va.: b Ohio; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8My19. REGER, ROBERT H., 39, Minneapolis: h Penn; enl Btry B 6Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry C, to Btry D, sthl sgt; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch lOMyl9. REHM, CLARE A., 23, Baxter Springs, Kans.: h Kans; tr from 1631nf to SupCo 151FA 8Myl8; wagr 1JI18, pvt 1D18; disch 2IMyl9. REID, GEORGE B., 20, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry A 14J117 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 10N17, corpl 3Apl8; WA(severely) 15JI18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 22Ap 19. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre. REISINGER, WILLIAM, 18, Cincinnati: h Ohio; tr from 6FA TngBn to Btry D 151FA 28D17; pvt; WA l0Agl8; disch 8Myl9. RENDELL, EUSTACE W. H., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis: enl Btry D 17Apl7 ROSTER 391 Minneapolis; corpI 4D17, pvt 30Ja19; WA 15J118 and 1N18; disch l0My19. RENQUIST? CLINTON, 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry B 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 16N18; disch 1OMy19. REYNARD, HARLIE A., 36, St. Paul: b Penn; comsd 2d It 21My17 and assnd to Btry D; prom lst It 1S17; disch 27My19. REYNOLDS, EARL J., 28, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enI Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; ck 3S17, sgt 26D17; disch lOMyI9. REYNOLDS, MAURICE G., 28, Minneapolis: b Ark; enI Btry A 16JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 31J118; pvt ic I0N17, corpl 19Oct18; tr to St Aignan CasCo 2425 3M'rl9. RHODES, ROBERT E., Alpharetta, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry F 151FA 2IJ118; pvt; disch 16My19. RICCIARDI, LUIGI, 23, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. RICE, BENJAMIN F., 21, Minneapolis: b St Peter; enI Btry A 14J117 M-inneapolis; pvt IC 1D17; WA 10Oct18; disch lOMyl9. RICE, HARVEY E., 26, Crary, N. D.: b N D; tri from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 21JI18; pvt Ic 16N18; disch lOMyl9. RICE, JAM E., 21, Charleston, Miss.: b Mass; jnd Btry C 19JI18; pvt; disch I3My19. RICE, JEROME J., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl. 5Ag17, pvt 14D17; WA 27Oct18; disch 15Myl9. RICHARDS, INMAN, 30, Clarksburg, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry B 151FA 6Ap18; pvt; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 23Apl9. RICHARDSON, HURLEY 0., 38, Baltimore: b Md; tr as 1st It from 324FA to 151FA 29Agl7, to Unassnd Det IJel8. RICHESON, CLAUDE G., 27, Russellville, Ala.: b Ala; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; cas from 28Ap19. RICHEY, NOLAN C., 22, Seattle: b Ky; tr from 1I7FSBn to Btry D 151FA 30ApI8, to HdqCo 9Je18; corpl. 20Oct18; tr to FASI APO 778 22N18. RICHIE, LOVELL E., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enI Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C 6S17; pvt lc 19N18; disch lOMyl 9. RICHTER, ROBERT R., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 12Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 12D17, corpIl12Je18; tr to 289 M'PCo 3F19. RICKER, RAINEY, 22, Mets, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21J118; pvt lc 10D18; disch 3Myl9. RICKERT, CHARLES W., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch I3MyI9. RIDDLE, VERNON L., 21, Minneapolis: b Perham; enl Btry D 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 9Mr18; disch lOMyI9. Cited in RO I2MrI8. RIDGLEY, GEORGE A 19 St. Paul: b Mo; enl Btry E 11Ap17' Minneapolis; pvt; retd to U S 13Myl9; disch 10JI19. RIETH, TRENTON, 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to HdqCo 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch I3MyI9. RIIS, VIGGO K., 23, St. Paul: b Denmhark; enl Btry C 29Je17 Ft Snelling; hs 1S18; disch 10My19. RILEY, WILLIAM J., JR., 20, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; retd to U S 2ApI9; disch 25ApI9. RING, EMMETT M., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry A 18JI16 St Paul; pvt IC I0N17, pvt 6Myl8; WA (severely) 28Oct18; tr to 29IM'PCo, IMrI9. RISEDORPH, NORTON, 19, St. Paul: b S D; enI Btry C 20Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic llAp18; WA (severely) 15J118; retd to U S 2ApI9; disch 21ApI9. RISHSEW, HOWARD F., 20, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry D 20Apl7; pvt; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 22ApI9. RIVENBURG, JOHN H., 24, Forest City, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. ROACH, JOHN A., 28, Johnstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry C 151FA 15N18; pvt; tr to 42MPCo I8Mrl9. ROBB, JOHN, 19, Mankato: b Mankato; tr from 2Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr 1JI18; disch lOMyl9. ROBBINS, ROBERT L., JR., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry B 17Myl6 St Paul: tr to HdqCo I4Agl6, to SupCo, to OTC Ft Snelling I7My17; pvt; disch 14Ag17 to acc com. ROBERGE, LOUIS, 26, Minneapolis: b Montrose; enI Btry C l4Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 8ApI8; pvt; overseas 2Ja18 to 26Ap19; disch lOMyl9. ROBERTS. CHARLES G., 21, Atlanta, Ga.: b Ind; comisd 2d It 15Agl7 and assnd to 1I5FA; WA(severely) 9Mrl8; disch 7My19. Cited in RO I7Mr18. ROBERTS, WALTER A., 26, Virginia: b Mich; enl Btry B 24Apl7 St Paul; tr to HdqCo; corpI Agl8; disch 12Myl9. ROBERTSON, FRED H.. 23, Minneapolis: b Alden; enI Btry C 25J117 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 15S17, to OrdnDet 1Myl8; pvt; disch 10My19. ROBEY, GLENN R., 23, Columbus, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from FAReplRegt APO 778 to Btry B 151FA 16N18; pvt; tr to ll6AmTn 23Ja19. ROBINSON, EUGENE H., 27, Minneapolis: b Ill; enI Btry A 6J116 St Paul; tr ta HdqCo 21N17; corpI 29Agl6, sgt 18S16, 1st sgt: 2J117, sgt maj I0N17, pvt lAgl8, sgt 19Oct18; tr to Tank Corps 30N18. ROBINSON, GRANT M., 18, Excelsior: h Minneapolis; enl Btr F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lO9yI9. ROBINSON, JOHN A., 25, Westpoint, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 8My19. ROBINSON, WILLIAM 0., 27, Willets, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; retd to U S lMr19; disch 24MrI9. *ROBISON, JOHN G 22, Tyrrone, Penn,: b Penn; tr from 314PA to B try A 15lFA 14N18; pvt; died 9F19. ROBITAILLE, JOSEPH A., 19, Virginia: b Mountain Iron; enl Btry- B 25ApI7 St 392 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Paul; pvt Ic 2S17, corpi, lApI9; disch lOMyl9. ROBOUM, CARL A., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry D 2Ja15 Minneapolis; sgt IJel7, pvt 23Jal8; disch 10MY19. ROBOHM', JOHN F., JR., 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; comsd 2d It 6Ja17 and assnd to Btry D; prom 1st It 27JI17; tr to 33FA 20J118. ROCHE, BENJAMIN M., 22, M~inneapolis: b N Y; eni Btry D 21Je16 Minneapolis; corpl. l7Jel7, sgt 1lJ118; retd to U S 20Agl8; disch 12MrI9. ROCKEFELLER, ARTHUR J., 26, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from ll7AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 26D18, to Btry C 26Mr19; pvt; disch 3MyI9. ROCKWOOD. DAVID C., 24, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry B I0S17 Cp Mills; corpI 1JI18; disch 1OMyl9. ROCKWOOD, GEORGE M., 25, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry B 25JI17 Minneapolis; tr to HdciCo 13JI18; pvt lc 1S17, corpl 13Agl8; disch IOM~yl9. ROE, WILLIAM, 26, Minneapolis: b Norway; tr from FARepIRegt to Btry D 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. ROEHRICK, JOHN, 18, Faribault: h Faribault; enl Btry C 27S16 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 2JI19; disch 1IJ119. ROGERS, GEORGE D., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C lAgl7 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo; pvt; des 17S17 Cp Mills. ROGERS, JOHN J., 35, Minneapolis: h N J; enl HdqCo 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 21JI17; overseas 10F18 to 26Ap019;' disch l0Myl9. ROGERS, PERCY A., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enI Btry D 26Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC lMyl8, corpl. 1D18; disch 1OMy19. ROLAND, MAYO A., 27, Pinkstaff, Ill.: b Ill; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 24Ag17; wagr lJa18, ck 2lApl8, pvt 2Myl8, ck lJel8, pvt 18Je18, wagr 1S18; disch 1OMy19. ROLPH. LEIGH W., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; tr from 337FA to HdqCo 151FA 30Myl8; pvt; disch I0MyI9. ROMAC, NICHOLAS, 23, McKees Rocks, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 14N18; pvt IC 4Mr19; disch 3MyI9. ROMANOWSKI, JOHN, 22, Brooklyn: b Russia; tr from 6FA TngBn to 67FABrig 28DI7 and assnd to Btry C 151FA l6Ja18; pvt; disch 3My19. RONALD, CHARLES B., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E 26J117; pvt lc 8S17, corpl 13N17; disch 10 Myl9. ROONEY, JAMES B., 31, Duluth: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B lOAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt IC IS17; disch 10My19. ROONEY, JOSEPH P., 19, Virginia: b Canada; enl Btry B 25ApI7 St Paul; pvt IC IS17, corpl. 15Mrl9; disch I4Jel9. ROOT, LEO F., 25, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C lAgl7 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 20S17, Corpl 13F18; retd to U S 21Myl9; disch 4JeI9. ROSA, JULIUS C., 27, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from ll7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. ROSE, HORACE B., 19, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from lTrArt to HdqCo 151FA 22S18; pvt lc; disch 10MyI9. ROSE, MELVILLE A., 21, Minneapolis: h Ill; enl Btry D 29Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0My19. ROSENBERY, OWEN 5., 22, Mt. Union, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. -ROS.ENFIELD, HARRY, 19, Minneapolis: b Belgium; enl HdqCo 18Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; killed in action 9Agl8. Cited in RO 20JI18. ROSENGRANT, EARL, 23, Mehoopany, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 8Myl9. *ROSENWALD, JOHN P., 33, Minneapolis: h Lac qui Parle Co; comsd 1st It MC 2Ap17; died 6M'yl8 of wounds received in action. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre. ROSS, FRANK, 31, Follansbee, W. Va.: b Italy; tr from RcrBn Cp Lee to Btry E 151FA 25Mr18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. ROSSMAN, FRANK F., 28, Chicago: b Ill; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry F 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7Myl9. ROTH, HARRY, 18, Philadelphia: b Rumania; tr from 20Cav to Btry E 151f-A 27Agl7; dishon disch 3JI20. ROUNSVILLE, FRANK H., 22, Minn.: b Minn; tr from IlInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 24Agl7, to Btry C 17S17; pvt; tr to CasDet Cp Merritt 25ApI8. ROUSSEL, OLIDA, 25, Hester, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard AARD to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; tr to 3371nf 24N18. ROWBOTTOM, WILLIAM H., 32, Pottsville, Penn.: b Penn; tr from HdqTrp 4A'C to HdqCo 151FA 26Jel8, to HdqTrp 4AC l4Jal9, to HdqCo 151FA 29M'rl9; pvt lc, ck; disch 3My19. ROWE, WILLIAM, 22, Sparta: b England; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 2M1My8; lpvt; disch lOMyl9. ROWE, WILLIAM J., 29, Laurium, M-ich.: b Mich; tr from CasCo 174 to MC 151FA 20JI18; pvt; WA (severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 11F19; disch 4Mr19. ROWLAND, JOHN E., 20, Cincinnati: b Ohio; tr from 6FA to Btry B 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 8Myl9. ROWLEY, ARTHUR N., 18, St. Paul: b Rochester; enI Btry C 11Apl17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 18S17; pvt lc 1Ag18; WA 18Oct18; disch lOMyl9. ROY, ALBERT J., 23, Warroad: b Minneapolis; enl 'Btry A 30Ag16 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo 25S17, to HdqCo 5S18; wagr IJal8, pvt lc.4S18; disch lOMyl9. ROY, ELMER W., 19, Le Roy: h Le Roy; enl HdqCo 19Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 21J118; retd to U S I8Mr19; disch 4Apl9. *RUBLY, WILLIAM J., 19, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry E 26Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; killed in action 15JI18. RUE, ANDREW A., 27, Minneapolis: b Carlton; enl Btry E 6Ag17 Minneapolis; ROSTER 393 pvt lc, pvt l2Dl7, corpl 7Agl8, pvt 14N18; WA 15J118; disch I0MyI9. RUHNKE, HERMAN F., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry F 7Apl7 Minneapolis; corpi lAgl7; disch l0MyI9. RUMANES, NICK D., 28, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry A 20Je17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 10N17, corpi. l2Jel8; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 13Mrl9; disch a c d 24Je19. RUNDQUIST, ARTHUR, 25, Starbuck: b Starbuck; enl Btry B IJll7 St Paul; pvt 1c 13F18, corpl 1JI18; WA(severely) 28Oct18; disch 10Myl9. RUNNING, ALFRED C., 29, Ashby: b Ashby; tr from Cp Jackson JIARD to HdqCo 151FA 22S18; corpl; disch lOMyl9. RUNYON, TROY, 22, Myrtle, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 9Myl9. RUPPERT, HENRY P., 24, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry C 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. RUSSELL, JEFF E., 24, Baker, Fla.: b Fla; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 14Myl9. RUSSELL, JOHN E., 23, S. St. Paul: b Ohio; enl Btry B 28JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl, 1D18; disch lOMyI9. RUSTE, OLE C., 30, Browns Valley: h Watonwan Co; enl Btry A 31JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to HdqCo 67FABrig IMrl8. RYAN, DAVID J., 26, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry A 13Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt lc 19S17, ck 1N17, pvt l7JaI8, pvt IC 19N18; tr to 1431nf 4Myl9. RYAN, GEORGE A., 20, Providence, R. I.: h R I; tr from 147FA to HdqCo 151FA 21My18; pvt; retd to U S 14F19; disch 24F19. RYAN, JOHN A., 37, St. Paul: b Tex; enl Btry A 29Je17 Ft Snelling; corpl lAgl7, pvt 12Jal8; tr to 74Engrs 5Myl8. S SAGER, AARON, 19, Cresco, Iowa: h Iowa; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 23AgI7; pvt; WA l5My18 and 29Jel8; disch I0Myl9. SAGER, CARL E., 29, Minneapolis: h N Y; comisd 2d It 21Je17 and assnd to Btry A; prom 1st It 1Ag18; tr to HdqCo; disch 12Myl9. SAILER, KARL G., 26, Mandan, N. D.: h Russia; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to SupCo 151FA 10J118; pvt lc 1Oct18; disch 7Myl9. SALMONSON, CARL E., 20, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry F 3Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt lc 1S18, corpl 29N18; WA(severely) 15J118; disch IOMyl9. SALTER, LEWIS 5., 27, Norman, Okla.: h Kans; tr from Hdq 42Div to HdqCo 151FA 3Ja19; mus 3c; disch 10MyI9. SANSAM, FRANK, 24, Linden, Mich.: h Mich; tr from 3Inf MichNG to HdqCo 151FA 25Ag17, to SupCo 19S17; wagr 19S17, pvt 3Apl8, wagr lJel8; disch 7Myl9. SARAZIN, JOHN, 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry F 25Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. SARGENT, RUSSELL W., 22, Minneapolis: b 'Mass; enl Btry D 28Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 25JI17; tr to HdqBn GHQ 7Jal8. SARVER, GEORGE F., 23, Penn.: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14 N18; pvt Ic, pvt l6Jal9; disch 3My19. SATER, BEN, 27, Atlanta, Ga.: h Tenn; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 10JI18; pvt; tr to 337Inf 27Ja9 SATHER, EUGENE W., 22, Glenwood: h Glenwood; enl Btry A 8Ag17 Ft Snelling; hglr 15Agl7, pvt Ic 7Agl8, corpl 4S18, sgt 29N18; disch lOMyl9. SATTERFIELD, WILLIAM H., 21, Minneapolis: h N D; enl Btry D 20Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 7Mrl8 and 2N 18; retd to U S 6Myl9; disch 19Myl9. Cited in RO 12Mr18. SAUER, VINCENT C., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E lJel6 Minneapolis; sgt 6Je16; disch 12M'y19. SAVAGE, EMMET J., 25, St. Paul: h Minneapolis; enl Btry F l6Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0Myl9. SAVARD, GEORGE, 25, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 17J116 Ft Snelling; corpl 10J117, sgt 22Mr18; disch lOMyl9. SAVOY, ROSAIRE, 20, Lawrence, Mass.: h Canada; tr from 6FA to Btry D 151FA 28D17; t; WA (severely) 25Mr18; tr to 9421]iv; CasCo 14Ap19. SAWICKI, BOLESLAW, 21, Minneapolis: h Germany; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10Myl9. SAWYER, JACK B., 23, Farm School, N. C.: h N C; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry C 151FA IN18; pvt; disch 13My19. SAWYER, LEROY W., 20, Minneapolis: h Wis; enl Btry E l9Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 6Je19. SAYLES, SHELDON R., 21, Indianapolis; b Ind; comsd 2d It l5Agl 7 and assnd to 151FA; WA 27Myl8; retd to U S l8Mr19; disch 28Mrl9. Cited in RO 3lMy18. SCACCIA, ANGELO, 26, Wilmington, Del.: b Italy; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA lAgl7; pvt; disch s c d 27S17. SCANLAN, FRED T., 19, Thief River Falls: b Ill; enl Btry F 26Apl7 Minneapolis; corpl. 1Ap18; WA (severely) 15JI18; retd to U S 22Mr19; disch lApl9. SCHAAD, ROBERT W., 21, St. Paul: b K; enI Btry B 6Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 1 D18; disch 1OMyI9. SCHAEFER, CHARLES D., 32, New Durham, N. J.: h N Y; enl HdqCo 26Jel7 Minneapolis; ck 1JI17, pvt 25Jel8, mus 3c IN18; disch 26My19. SCHAEFER, JOHN H., 18, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry C 151FA 19J118; pvt; dsch I3Myl9. SCHAPER, HOWARD V., 22, Britt, Iowa: h Iowa; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry A 151FA 22S18; pvt; retd to U S 24Mrl9; disch 29Apl9. SCHAUB, OTTO E., 27, New Brig hton: b Germany; enl Btry C IJ116 St Paul; miech 15JI16, c mech lJI17, sgt llMyI8, stbl sgt 17N18; WA 27My18; disch lOMyl9. SCHENGEL, OTTO, 25, Underwood N D b Ill; tr from Cp Merritt JeARD) to Btry B 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch 1OMy19. 394 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY SCHERER, ARTHUR F., Litchfield: b Delano; eni Btry E 11Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d 1517. SCHERER, GEORGE W., 24, Mankato: b Mankato; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 20D18; mus ic; disch I2My19. SCHLOTTMAN, HOWARD M., 30, Reading, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to ]3try C 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. SCHMANSKI, CONRAD, 19, Owatonna: b Medford; enl Btry D 19Apl7 Minneapolis: pvt 1c 1D18; WA 10Oct18; disch 10Myl9. SCHMELING, ARTHUR C., 20, St. Paul: b Wis; eni Btry C 23Je17 St Paul; mech 27Jl17, hs ID17; disch 15My19. SCHMIDT, JULIUS E., 29, Federal Dam: b Ill; enl Btry A 19J117 Ft Snelling; corpl 22JI17, sgt 4S18, mess sgt 1Oct18; disch I0M'y19. SCHNABLE, EDWARD R., 27, Mahanoy City, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. SCHNEIDER, CLARENCE C., 23, South Park: b South Park; enl Btry B 29JI17 Ft Snelling; ck 6Mr18; disch 10My19. SCHNEIDER, LEWIS E., 28, Dallas, Tex.: b Tex; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1JaI8; tr to FABrig FirCen MTC 18JI18. SCHNELLE, ELMER, 24, Wheeling, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt ic; disch 8My19. SCH-OONMAKER, CHESTER V., 21, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 2Je17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo 23N17; pvt IC 25J117, corpl 23N17, sgt 20Mr18; tr to 65Engrs 6Ap18. SCHRICK, WILLIAM, 25, St. Louis, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA 10j118; pvt; WA 31Oct18; retd to U S 14F19; disch 25FI9. SCHROEDER, HENRY F. 26 Washington, Mo.: b Mo; tr from' FARepIRegt to Btry A 151FA 10JI18; pvt; disch 6Myl9. SCHULTZ, ALBERT W., 29, Faribault: b Faribault; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A 151FA 24AgI7; pvt IC ID18, pvt 4M~r19; disch 10My19. SCHULTZ, JACK, 27, Minneapolis: b Germany; enI Btry A lAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 1OJe18, pvt 1Oct18, corpl 6MrI9; disch 10My19. SCHULTZ, WILLIAM C., 21, M'inneapolis: b Harmony; enl Btry E 26J117 Minneapolis; ck 4Je18, pvt I0D18; disch lOMyl9. SCHUVEILLER, RUSSELL N., 19, Minneapolis: b Nicollet; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10Myl9. SCHWAB, HERMAN M., 25, Leetonia Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. SCHWALBE, EDWIN C., 21, St. Paul: h N D; enl Btry B 10Je17 St Paul; pvt Ic 2IlMy18, corp1 8S18; WA 26Oct18; retd to U S 28F19; disch I8Mr19. SCHWEISO, CLIFFORD C., 19, Minneapnolis: b Montevideo; enl HdqCo 24Apl7 Minneapolis; tr to OrdnDet 23Ap18; mus 3c 25Apl7, pvt 9Ag17, corpl 1N 17, corpl of ordn 26ApI8; WA 27Oct18; disch 10My19. SCHWENN, HAROLD P., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; tr to Btry F 25Agl8; pvt Ic 1JaI8; disch lOMyl9. SCOGGINS, RALPH J., 26, Atlanta, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Hd(1 42Div to MC 151FA; pvt; tr to FHospl66 22F19, to MC 151FA 26F19; disch 16My19. SCOTT.A EDWARD, 30, Minneapolis: h Penn; enl HdqCo 9Agl 6 Ft Snelling; ck 2Ja1 7, hs 1J117, pvt 3S17, lance corpl 2Ap18, pvt 2My18, corpl 12My18, sgt 8Ag18, mess sgt 9Ag18; retd to U S 22Je19; disch 23JI19. SCOTT, HILARY H., 29, San Antonio, Tex.: b Tex; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Jal8; WA 23MrI8; prom 1st It 6Oct18, capt 8M'rl9; disch 12My19. SCOTT, JOHN L., 27. Rosebud, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry B 151FA 6Ag18; pvt; disch 13MyI9. SCOTT, RAYNOLD, 22, St. Cloud: h N H; enl Btry B 2411117 Ft Snelling: pvt IC 1S17, corpl 1D18; disch lOMyI9. SCOTT, VICTOR D., 18, Minneapolis:~ b Iowa; enl Btry E 23Apl7 Minneapolis; bglr 19S17, pvt 1D17, bglr 4Ja19; disch 1OM'Y19. SCULLY, PATRICK J., Benwood, W. Va.: b Ireland; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; corpl 6Mr19; retd to U S 6Mr19; disch 8My19. SEACHRIST, IRA G., 29, Burnham, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 15 IFA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. SEAMAN, DAVE S., 22, Hibbing: b Nehr; tr from 3Inf M'NG to SupCo l5I FA 25Ag17; wagr 19S17, pvt 1JeI8, wagr 1JI18, mech 1S18; disch 1OMyI9. SEARS, ETHON, 25, Whitt, Tex.: b Tenn; tr from 1631nf to Btry F 151FA 8My18; pvt; disch 15My19. SEARS, WILLIAM H., 28, Camp Shumway, Col.: b Tenn; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry A 151FA 10J118; pvt; retd to U S 18J119; disch 5Agl9. SEED, KENNETH B., 23, Cass Lake: b Ohio; en] Btry B 30Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC ID18; disch 1OMyI9. SEEK, LEONARD W., 22, Braddock, N. D.: h S D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 21JI18; pvt Ic 16N18; disch IOMyI9. SEGERSTROM, STEWART W., 25, Miniieapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry E 4Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1OAgI7, corpl 14Ap19: WA I3MrI8; disch IOM'y19. SEIDEL, OTTO K., 24, St. Paul: b Ill; comsd 1st It 25Myl7 and assnd to Btry C; prom capt 21J118 and tr to Btry F; WA IN18; tr to 4FA 14Jel.9. SEIM, GEORGE W., 21, Stillwater: b Wis; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 26My18; pvt; tr to MPC SF19. SEITOVICH, NICK, 23. Northfield: b Austria; enl Btry C 3S17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 1S18; disch 10M-y19. SELLARS, JOHN W., 25, De Funiak Springs, Fla.: b Fla; tr from C Jackson AARD to Btry D 151 FA 6N18; pvt; disch 14Myl9. SELLESETH, IVER, 27, Berg, N. D.: b Norway; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 21J118; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. ROSTER 395 SELVOG, OLE 3., 28, Drake, N. D.: b Norway; eni SupCo 29Jl17 Ft Snelling; wagr 6Ag17; retd to U S 13F19; disch 1Mrl9. SELWAY, FRANK A., 18, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151FA 25Ag1; pvt; des 18Oct17 Cp Mills. SENKBEIL. RICHARD 0., 19. St. Paul: b Canada; enl Btry B 1M'y17 St Paul; pvt Ic 1S17, corpI 30S18; WA 28Oct18; retd to U S 7Ap19; disch 22Ap19. SERPAGLI, FRANK, 29, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. SERSTOCK, EDWARD 0., 29, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry A 28JI17 Minneapolis; hs 19S17, mech 1,Ja18 c mech 6My18, corpI 18N18, sgt 291418; disch lOMyl9. SERVENT, FRANK, 31, Rhinelander, Wis.: b Duluth; tr from 3Inf MNG to Sup Co 151FA Ag17; wagr 19S17, pvt 101)17, wagr IF18, corpl 3M~y18, sgt 183118, pvt 26N18; disch lOMy19. SETHER, HARRY, 19, Minneapolis: b Jackson Co; tr from lInf MNG to Btry C 151FA 30Ag17- pvt Ic 20S17, corpI 1ApI8; WA 25My18 and about ISIB; disch 10My19. Cited in RO 31My18. SEWELL, WILLIAM F., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17, corpl 1518; disch 10My19. SHABRAM, FRANK M., 22, Akron, Ohio: b Germany; enI Btry A 13Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt 1c 133117; WA about 4N18; overseas 9FI8 to 2Ap19; disch 15Ap19. SHAEFFER, LEONARD, 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig I5N18 and assnd to Btry B 151FA 11D18; pvt; disch 3My19. SHAMP, ELVIN, 24, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 193118; pvt; disch 13My19. SHANAHAN, FRANK J., 27, Clyde, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from Cp Jackcon AARD to HdqCo 151FA IN18; pvt; disch 8My19. SHARP, JOEL H., 21, Salem, Ohio: b Ohio; tr as 2d It from Sauimur ArtSch to 151FA 1Ja18; WA 153118, 7Ag18 and 24Oct18; tr to 20FA 27Ja19. SHARPE, JASPER I., 22, Summerfield, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 13MyI9. SHAW, HENRY M., 28, Minneapolis: b Kans; comsd 1st It 24My17 and assnd to Btry B; resgnd 27Ag17 to enter OTC Ft Snelling. SHEA, CHARLES H., 25, New Orleans: b Mo; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19J118; pvt; tr to Hdq 67FA rig 19Ja19. SHEA, JOHN A., 22, Minneapolis: b Ill; tr from Cp Merritt JeARD to Btry A 151FA 21J118; pvt; WA 18Ag18; overseas 20Je18 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMy19. SHEFFEL, ERNIE J., 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 6JI17 Ft Snelling; corpl 19AgI7, sgt 9S17, hs lApl8; disch 1OMy19. SHEPHERD, HARRY J., 23, Chacahoula, La.: b La; tr from C p Beauregard ARD to Btry E 151FA 193118; pvt Ic 4Mrl9; disch 13My19. SHERMAN, EDWIN A., 29, Sherburn: b Sherburn; enI Btry A 113116 Ft Snelling; corpI 23117, sgt 4Ag17, pvt 15Ja18, corpl 18MrI8, sgt 3Ap18, stbl sgt 26Ap18; discli lOMYl9. SHERMAN, ERWIN H., 22. Minneapolis; b Iowa; comsd capt 2Ja16 and apptd bn adj; student and instr FA AEF from 6MyI8. SHERMAN, JOHN C., 26, Monterey: b Welcome; enI Btry F 25Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry C 9Oct18, to HdqCo 4D18; pvt Ic IS17; disch 1OMyl9. -SHERMAN, LLOYD 3., 21, Morgan: b Morgan; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; died 1D17. SHERMAN, RAYMOND A., 18, Red Wing: b Wis; tr from 3Inf MNG to Btry F 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; disch lOMy19. SHERRILL, LEWIS J., 26, Haskell, Tex.: b Tex; tr from FA Unassnd 42Div to Btry B 151FA 22S18; pvt; tr to 337Inf 25Ja19. SHIELDS, GERALD 3., 20, Faribault: b Faribault; enl Btry C 18J116 St Paul; pvt; disch 28S17. SHISLER, ARCHIE C., 23, Caledonia: h) Caledonia; ind Btry F 9Ap18 Caledonia; ind regt 1N18; pvt; tr to 42MPCo. SHOOK, FRANK M., 27, Faribault: b Fanibault; tr from 2Inf M-NG to Btry A 151FA 24Ag17, to 1461nf 25N18, to CasBn 1lAp19, to Hoboken CasCo 422 12Ap19, to Btry A 151FA 22Ap19; pvt 1c 1Ap18, mech 73118, pvt lAg18; retd to U S 30Mr19; disch 26Ap19. SHOPHER, JOSEPH, 25, Muskegon, Mich.: b Tenn; tr from 334FA to Btry C 151FA 103118; pvt; disch 6My19. SHORT, FRANK P., 20, Hattiesburl', Miss.: b La; tr from Inf 42Div to Btry E 151FA 193118; pvt; tr *to CasCo Cp Shelby 28Ap19. SHOWE, HENRY E., 31, Mason and Dixon, Penn.: b Md; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. SHRADER, CHARLES U., 29, Harrisville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr f rom, 147FA to Btry B 151FA 16Ap18; pvt; disch 9My19. SHUGG, ROLAND P., 25, Mass.: b Mass; tr as maj from 19FA to 151FA 23Ag18; tr to 7FA. SHULSKYS, MIKE, 24, Plymouth, Penn.: b Russia; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. SHUTTER, ARNOLD W., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry B 6D15 Minneapolis; sgt; disch 20Ag17 to acc com. SIDERS, CECIL F., 25, Seaman, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from 3O9FSBn to Btry F 1IiFA 28D18; pvt 1c; disch 8My19. SIEGERT, BERNARD W.-, 28, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl HdqCo 33e17 Minneapolis; mus 2c; tr to 2FA MNG 2S17. SIGOURNEY, DAVID R., 24, Boston: b M-ass; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA IJa,18; tr to FABrig FirCen 15My18. SIKES, SHERMAN P., 25, Arcade, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from ll 7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3My19. SIMCOE, NICK, 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 283e17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMy19. 396 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY SIMENSKY, RUBIN, 30, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry E 151FA 13Myl8; pvt; retd to U S 23MT19; disch 28Mr19. SIMONEAU, EUSIBE, 22, Concord, N. H.: b N H; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 6M-yl9..)IMS GRADY, 21, Marietta, Ga.: b Ga; tr lrom 116FA to Btry C I51FA 21J118; pvt IC 1S18, pvt 19Ap19; disch 16Myl9. SINCLAIR, JAMES C., 21, Minneapolis: b St Louis Park; eni Btry F 12Apl17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 15JI18; disch 1OMyl9. SINGER, FLOYD A., 25, Saylorsburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 11 7AmTn to SupCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; retd to U S 28My19; disch 15J119. *SIPPLE, ALVIN F., 26, Jeddo, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151FA 15N18; pvt; died 7F19. SIRERA, WILLIAM G., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry D ISIFA 19J118; pvt; disch s c 4 I 5JeI9. SIRON, MARTIN, 19, Minneapolis: b Italy; enl Btry F 8Jel7 Minneaoi;ck lMrl9; disch lOMy19. SISSON, CLARK R., 27, Minneapolis: b N Y; enl Btry A lAgl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I0M'y19. SKERO, PETER, 28, Tarrs, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. SKOGLUND, ANARD J., 29, Minneapolis: b Finland; enl Btry A 14JI17 FtS nelling; pvt ic 10N17; disch 1OMy19. SKOV, JULIUS D., 24, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry A 14JI17 FtS nellin g; pvt IC IOJel8; WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S 7Ap19; disch 22Ap19. SKOGMATZ, PRIMUS J., 21, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry D 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOMy19. SLOPER, WILLIAM H., 20, Red Wing: b S D; tr from 3Inf MNG to HdqIo 151FA 25Ag17; ck 1Oct17, pvt 1DI7, pvt IC 24Oct18; disch 1OMy19. SMASON, SAMUEL, 28, Kansas City, Mo.: b Russia; tr from 335FA to Btry A 151FA 10JI18; pvt IC; disch 6My19. SMITH, ALBERT, 35, Minneapolis: b Sweden; enl Btry C 30Je16 Ft Snelling; pvt IC, 1st sgt 1J117, pvt 29Agl7; tr to 135Inf 30Ag17, SMITH, ALBERT T., 21, St. Paul: b Wyo; enl Btry A 31J116 St Paul; corpl 17Oct16, sgt 2JI17; tr to Tank Corps 15Mr18. SMITH, ALONZO L., 22, Cloverdale, Ala.: b Tenn; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21J118; pvt; tr to Hoboken CasCo 483 28Ap19. SMITH, D. WILBUR, 24, Minneapolis: b Pipestone; enl HdqCo 6JI17 Ft Snelling; mus lApl8; disch 1OMyl9. SMITH, EMMETT L., 22, Oakmulgee, Ala.: b Ala; tr from 116FA to HdqCo 151FA 12j~e18; pvt IC 1D18; tr to 42MPCo SMITH, EVERETT A., 28, Gorham, N. D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA 12J118; pvt; disch lOMyl9. SMITH, GEORGE, 27, Minneapolis: b Penn; enl Btry A 12Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 1Ap18, ek 6Jel8, pvt 7J118, ck iSiS, pvt 5N18; disch lOMyl9. SMITH, HAVEN D., 29, Bradner, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from lS6DepBrig to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 8My19. SMITH, JAMES E., 19, Bradentown, Fla.: b Ga; tr from 6FA to Btry A 151FA 28D17; pvt IC 1D18; disch I6My19. SMITH, LEE, 26, Clarkton, Mo.: b Ind; tr from 336FA to Btry D 151FA 21JI18; pvt; disch 6M.y19. SMITH, LEO H., 24, Dundee, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 147FA to Btry E 151FA 6Ap18; pvt IC 4Mr19; disch 3My19. SMITH, MARION, 24, Indianapolis, Ind.: b Ind; tr from Cp Shelby ARD to Btry D iSI FA 3J118; pvt; retd to U S 26Jal9; disch 14F19. SMITH, MERLE, 27, Elk River: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 29Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1OAg17, corpl lApI8; tr to Tank Corps 3Ap18. SMITH, OLLIE C., 21, Pocahontas, Miss.: b Miss; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry F 151FA lAgl8; pvt; disch 13Myl 9. SMITH, PAUL H., 22, Littlestown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA '15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. SMITH, RALPH B., 19, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry E 5Jel.7 Minneapolis; bglr; tr to FASI AEF 21Ap18. SMITH, RAYMOND E., 25, Minneapolis: b Mich; enl Btry B 11JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC ID17, corpl 2MyI8, sgt 30S18; disch 1OMy19. SMITH, ROY W., 26, Pingree, N. D.: b Ill; tr from 336FA to Btry B 151FA 12JI18; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. SMITH, SIMON P., 24, Potosi, Mo.: b Mo; tr from FAReplRegt to Btry B 151FA 12J118; pvt; disch 6My19. SMITH, THOMAS, 26, Stumptown, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry A 151FA 16Ap18; pvt IC 7Mr19; disch 8My19. SMITH, VERN, 20, Preston: b Paynesville; enl Btry A 23Ap17 St Paul; pvt ic 19N18; disch lOMyI9. SMITH, WALTER G., 22, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt; WA 5Mr18; retd to U S I8Mrl9; disch 2ApI9. Cited in RO I2Mr18. Awarded Croix de Guerre with bronze star. SMITH, WARD C., 23, Jamestown, N. D.: b S D; tr from lInf MNG to HdqCo 151FA; pvt; disch 10M'yl9. SMITH, WILLIAM M., 19, Charles City, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 2Inf MiNG to Btry B 151FA 18S17; pvt; discb s c d 17Oct17. SMITHWICK, RUFUS W., 28, Leechville, N. C.: b N C; tr from FARDep to Btry F 151FA 6N18; pvt IC 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 13DI8. SNACHE. EDWARD J., 31, Sault Sainte Marie, Mich.: b Canada; tr from 329FA to Btry C 151FA 14Oct18; pvt; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch 28Ap19. SNELL, LAWRENCE H., 27, Pipestone: b Iowa; enl Btry A 25JI17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 10Je18; WA 27Oct18; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch 5Ap19. SNODGRASS, ORVILLE 22, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 25API7 Minneapolis; ROSTER 397 pvt ic lMyl8, pvt 16N18:; overseas I5S17 to l2Mr19; disch 3Ap19. SNOOK, CHARLES T., 20, Papakating, N.J.: b N J; tr from 6FA toBtC 151FA 28D17; pvt 1c llApl8; dsch 3M~y19. SNYDER, ARTHUR T., 18, Marshall: b Iowa; eni Btry F 2OAp17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 10D18; disch lOMy19. SNYDER, BRITTON H., 22, Sciota, Penn.: b Penn; tr from Cp Jackson JIARD to Btry B 151FA 22S18; pvt; tr to ll6AmTn 23Ja19. SODERBERG, ROBIN C., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 6J e17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17; disch lOMyl19. SOKOLA, JOHN E., 20, St. Paul: b Hungary; enl Btry C 23Je16 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 28Agl7. SOLBERG, LAWRENCE, 19, Minneapolis: b N D; enI Btry D 13Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 8Agl8, pvt 13N18; disch 10My19. SOLSTEN, JAMES A., 24, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry D 23JI17 MinneapoliscorpI 4D17, pvt 12F18; WA l3Mr18 and (severely) 30Oct18; retd to U S llMrl9; disch a c d 7N19. SOMMERVILLE, JOHN G., 19, Minneapolis: b Canada; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Ag17; wagr 19S17, pvt 25Mr18, ck 3Apl8, pvt 10Ag18, wagr lApI9; disch 1OMy19. SONGY, AUGUSTIN L., 24, Reserve, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry F 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. SOPER, JOHN E., 51, Norwood: b England; comsd 1st It M'C 23Ag17; prom capt 25Je18; WA 12Mr18; disch 12XMy9. Cited in DO lOJel8. SORENSEN, ANDERS C., 20, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry B 21Je17 St Paul; pvt; disch 10My19. SORENSON, MAURICE F., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry Bl 20JI17 Minneapolis; pvt; WA 3N18; retd to U S 17D18; disch 20Ja19. SORSOLEIL, FLOYD I., 19, Minneapolis: b Owatonna; enl Btry D 24My16 Minneapolis; corpl lAgl7; disch 1OM~y19. SOUCY, ALGERIE L., 19, Marshall: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 12D17; ditch 1OMy19. SOUTH, KEITH H., 18, Minneapolis: b Fairmont; enl Btry D 2Ja15 Minneapolis; corpl 26Myl6, sgt 9Ja17, pvt 30Ag17, corpl 4D17; disch s c d 24JaI9. SPAHN, FRANK J., 27, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 15N18;- pvt; disch 3My19. SPARA. TONY, 22, Harvey, La.: b Italy; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to HdqCo 151FA 19JI18, to Btry D; pvt; disch 13M'yl9. SPAULDING, HOWARD F., 22, Kimball: h Kimball; enl Btry B 4Je17 St Paul; pvt Ic 6Mr18, corpl 13Agl8; WA(severely) 27Oct18; retd to U S 1lMr19; disch 24M~rl9. SPEAR, LAWRENCE P., 18, New Orleans: h La; tr from 141FA to EBtry C 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13My19. SPECK, CHARLES, 26, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Bltry D 19Jel6 Minneapolis; tr to Bltry A 18J117; ck; WA(severcly) 28Oct18; disch 1OMy19. SPENCER. FRANK M., 36, St. Paul: b Nebr; enl SupCo 8Ag17 Ft Snelling; mech 28Ag17, pvt 2lAp18, mech 1Jel8; disch lOMyl9. SPENCER, GUY E., 21, Jennings, La.: b La; tr from HdqTrp 42Div to Btry E 151FA 13My18; pvt; WA (severely) 18Oct18; tr to Hdqjrp' 42D iv 18M r19. SPENCER, JOHN H., 26, St. Paul: b Renville; enl HdcqCo 30Ag17 Ft Snelling; mus Ic 1N17; disch 1OMWy19. SPERRY, FRANK N., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. SPICER, EDWARD, 22, Clarksburg W Vs. b Md; tr from 314FA to HdqNo i~iFA 15N18; ha, pvt 1c 13D18; disch 2My19. SPICER, JAMES A., 23. Minneapolis: b Miss; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Ag17; wagr 15S17; disch lOMyl9. SPODNIK, JOHN, 25~ Cassandra, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A i5iFA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. STAFFORD, GEORGE D., 19, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry D 12Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt 1c 1D17; disch 1OVyi9. STAFFORD, LEO E., 20, Marshall: b Ind; enl Btry F 18Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 2FA 6Ap18. STAGE, EMORY A., 29, M-inneapolis: enl Btry D 25JI17; pvt; disch 18S17 acct dependent relatives. STALCUP, HORATIO B., 32, Austin: b Kans; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 23Ag17; ck ID17, pt 1My18, ck 5Ag18, pvt 1D18; disch lO9yl9. STARKLOFF, RUDOLPH E., 23, Port Clinton, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from 2lCav to Btry D 151FA 25Ag17; pvt; retd to U S 16Oct18; ditch 11Mr19. STEARN, ALFRED, 20, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from Cp Jackson FARDep to Btry D 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch 3My19. STEBBINS, ROBERT G., 24, Minneapolis: b Winona; enl Bltry D 19Je16 Minneapolis; mus 112JI117, pvt lc I5Je18, pvt 3S18; WA 28Oct18; ditch 1OMy19. STEEN, OSCAR M'., 20, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 5Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; ditch lOMy19. STEFANIK, GEORGE, 26, Minneapolis: b Austria-Hungary; enl Bltry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; tr to Bltry F 5Ag17; pvt Ic IAp18, corol, pvt 16ApI8, corpl, pvt 12J 118, ck 13JI18, pvt 13S18, ck 19N18; WA(severely) 6Oct18; overseas 8F18 to 18Mrl9; ditch 1lApl9. STEFFY, RAYMOND E., 28, Bicknell, Ind.: b Ind; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA lJal8; tr to Cp Jackson FARD as instr 8Je18. STEINBOCK. FRED W., 25 Hot S prings, Va.: b Va; tr from 3 14PA to Hdq%_o 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. STELLMACH, LEO J., 24, Ivanhoe: b Ill; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 29Ag17, to Btry E 19S17;. pvt 1c 4Mr19; ditch 1OMy19. STELLMACHER, EDWIN, 18, Marshall: b Renville; enl Bltry B 19Ag16 Ft Snelling; bglr 19JI17, pvt 13F18, pvt Ic 26Mr18; WA 27My18; tr to 42MP&o 7D18. 398 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY STEMBER, THEODORE, 29 St. Cloud: b St Cloud; eni Btry B 301117 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry A 25Jel8; pvt lc I5Ja18, corpi 8S18; disch I0MyI9. STEVENS, BERT A., 18, Minneapolis: b Wis; eni Btry E 4Agl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 1OMyl9. STEVENS, BRUCE, 20, Manassas, Va.: b Va; tr from 1l7FSBn to Btry C 151FA 30ApI8; pvt; disch 8M'y19. STEVENS, MILTON C., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 24Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 11Oct17. STEVENS, RAYMOND E., 21, Duluth: b Duluth; enl Btry C 17JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt IC 20Ag17, corpl IJaI8, sgt 5Oct18; disch 1OMyI9. STEVENS, RAYMOND G., 25, MinneaRolis; b Wis; tr from 5FSBn to BtryF 151FA 28D18; pvt IC; disch 1OMyl9. STEWART, RAYMOND F., 21, St. Cloud: b St Paul; enl Btry D 10Ap17 Minneapolis; Pvt ic 1D17, pvt 1JI18; disch lOMyi9. STILES, VAN M., 26, Minneapolis: b Nebr; enl HdqCo 19Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry B 7Apl8; pvt; tr to QMC 29S18. STIRIZ, WILLIAM P., 27, Delta Ohio' h Ohio; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to' Btry C 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 8MyI9. STOCKER, ERNEST W., 27, Dale, Wis.: h Wis; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 7MyI9. STODDARD, GUY, 27, Canhy: h Canhy; enl Btry E 14Je17 Minneapolis; corpl 7AgI8; overseas 8F18 to 26Apl9; disch lOMyl9. STODIECK, DAVID, 18, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry E 5Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch lOAgl7 acct dependent relatives. STOMMEL, CLEMENT A., 26, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry A 23JI17 Minneapolis; corpl IN17; disch 9Myl9 to acc com. STONE, HERBERT B., 21, Park Rapids: h St Cloud; enl Btry C 23Jel6 St Paul; pvt IC 20S17; WA 26MyI8; disch lOMyI9. Cited in RO 31MyI8. STONE, RALPH B., 22, Braddyville, Iowa: b Md; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry D 151FA 9N18; pvt; disch lOMyl9. STONE, STANLEY W., 18, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 4Je17 St. Paul; tr to SupCo 9Myl8, to Btry B 1JI18; pvt lc 1D17; WA 13Sl8~ retd to U S 25Jal9; disch s c d 25P19. Cited in RO 21JI18. STONE, WHITFIELD 18, Portland, Ore.: b Wash; tr from 146PA to Btry D 151FA 22S18; pvt; retd to U S 3Mrl9; disch 8ApI9. STONEMAN, HARRY T., 20, MinneapoIs: b Indianapolis; enl HdqCo l9Je16 Minneapolis; corpl, sgt 18Oct17; WA(severely) 16Oct18; retd to U S 23Jal9; disch 12FI9. Cited in RO I9Ag18. STOOPS. EDWARD D., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E. 19Je16 Minneapolis; sgt 7F18, corpl 10JI18; WA 1N18; disch lOMyl9. STORMS, DONALD H., 21, Minneapolis: b N D; enl Btry F 26Apl 7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 12My19. STOUT. NORMAN W., 23, Monongah, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 147FA to Btry C 151FA 6Apl8; pvt; disch 8Myl9. STOWERS, EARL W., 18, Villard: h Iowa; enl Btry F 2lApl7 Minneapolis; sdlr 1N17, pvt, pvt Ic lj~e18; disch lOMyl9. STRANDBERG, EDWARD A., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 25JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt lc; disch 10My19. STREAMERS, LOUIS, 35, White Bear: hBelgim enI Btry B l4Jel7 St Paul; pvt; disch 10My19. STRICKLAND, WILLIAM M., 19, Ga.: h Ga; tr from 117FA to Btry F 151FA 22S18; pvt; disch l6MyI9. STROM, BERGER R., 19, Hayfield: b Norway; tr from lInf MNG to Btry D 151FA 22Agl7; pvt; disch lOMyl9. STROM. CHARLES G., 22, Minneapolis: h Norway; enl SupCo l0Agl6 Ft Snelling; corpl 10S17, pvt 1D17, wagr 10D17; disch 1OMyl9. *STRONG, GLASFORD 5., 19, Northampton, Mass.: h N Y; tr from RecrDet Ft Riley to Btry D 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; died 14Oct18 of wounds received in action. STRUBECK, WILLIAM G., 24, Hughestown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. STRUSS, ALBERT A., 20, Mankato: b Courtland; tr from 2Inf MNG to HdqCo 151FA 23AgI7; corpl 13Agl8; WA 24Oct18; disch IOMyI9. Cited in RO 20J118. STRUTZ. WALTER W., 22, St. Paul: h St Paul; enl Btry C l7Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d I4Jal8. STUK, LEO- J., 26, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry D 2lJel6 Minneapolis; corpI 18D16, sgt IJeI7, sthl sgt 15MrI8, pvt 29My18, pvt le 2JI18, corpl 12JI18, sgt lAgl8, sthl sgt SAgl8; disch 1OMy19. STUTSMAN, HOWARD L., 23, Minneapolis: h Ill; enl HdqCo l9Apl17 Minneapolis; mus 3c 22Ap17, pvt 9AgI7, hn sgt maj 3D17; disch 30Oct18 to acc com. SUHR, HENRY L., 23, Stillwater: b Denmark; enl Btry C 26Jel6 St Paul; tr to HdqCo I0JaI8; corpl 10J117; tr to FARepIRegt AEF 15ApI8. SULECKI, FRANK T., 18, Philadelphia: b -Penn; tr from 2OCav to Btry E 151lFA 26Agl7- pvt IC 20Jal8; WA IOAgl8; disch 3Aly19. SULLIVAN, EUGENE J., 21, Howard Lake: b Howard Lake; enl MC 23Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; disch I6MyI9. SULLIVAN, JOHN W., 21, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry A 16Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC I0Je18, ck 7JI18, pvt 1S18, pvt Ic 5N18, corpl 18NI8, pvt 11Ja19; disch lOMyl9. SULLIVAN, THOMAS E., 21, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry F 29Apl7 Minneapolis; corpl 28DI7, pvt 7Agl8; disch lOMy19. SULZDORF, FRANCIS B., 25, W. St. Paul: h W St Paul; enl Btry A 2Jel7 St Paul; tr to SupCo; mech 21 Mrl8, wagr 12J118; disch lOM~yl9. SUMMERS, JAME~S, 37 Minneapolis: b Canada; enl Btry F l6Ap 17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry A; Ck 24Oct18; disch I9MyI9. ROSTER 399 SUNDBY, GEORGE W., 23, Minnepolis: b Minneapolis; eni HdqCo 17A1 Mdinneapolis; mus 2c 22Ap17, mus IC 1N18; disch 7My19. SUPLEE, HARRY E., 23, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to 67FABrig 14N18 and assnd to Btry E 151FA 21F19; pvt; disch 3MyI9. SUTTON ALEXANDER, 18, Benson: b England; enl Btry A 12J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch 12My19. SUTTON, JESSE, 25, Gravois Mills, Mo.: b Mo; tr from dp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 213118; pvt; disch 6MyI9. SUTTON, RAY, 26, Minneapolis' b Ky' enl Btry A llJel6 Ft Snelling; corpt 123117, pvt 19S17, ck 1D17, pvt 17Ja.18; disch IOMyl9. SWAIN, EARL E., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 24Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl 143117, sgt 223117; tr to ACSch 303118. SWAIN, RUSSELL S.. 27, Hinckley: b Iowa; eni Btry C lOApl7 St Paul; pvt IC 63117, corpl 25S17, pvt 26F18, corpl 21Mr18 sgt 1S18; WA 27My18 (severely) and 15j118; retd to U S 23My19; disch M3JO% SWAN, SEARLE, 24, Minneapolis: b Ill;,enl Btry A 11J117 Minneapolis; jpvt; retd to U S 7F19; disch IApl9. SWANSON, LEONARD 21 Brainerd: b Evansville; enl Btry L~ 27Ye17 Minneap'olis; pvt IC IS17, corpl 6Mr19; disch IOMY19. SWANSON, STANLEY, 20, Minneapolis: b St Cloud; enl Btry F 2OAp 17 Minneapolis;, pvt IC;1Ja18,tcorpl ISiB' WA(severely) 6N18; retd to US 16FV19; disch 8Mr19. Cited in RO 19Ag18. SWARBRECK, NORRIS E., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolisi enl Btry E 2lAp17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch s c d1 17Oct17. SWEGLE, EARL, 22, Reece, Kans.: b Kans; tr from FARepIRegt to Btry F ISIFA 103118; pvt; disch 21My19. SWELANDER, WALDO, 18, Minneapolis: b N D; enl HdqCo 27Je16 Minneapolis, tr to Btry F 9Ag16; pvt; disch s c 20D17. SWENSON, ANDREW 32, Minneapolis: b Denmark; enl Btry 1V 9Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to Tank Corps 7F 18. SYLVESTER, GEORGE V 18, Minneapolis: b St Paul; enl Btry.1) 21AP17 Minneapolis; pvt IC lOAglB; tr to 3381nf SYRACUSE, TONY, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt ic; WA(severely) 153118 and 23S18; disch 10My19. T TALBOT, FOREST G., 22, Vadis, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry F ISIFA ISN18; corpl; disch 8M~y19. TANGEN, WARREN A., 21,' Ta lors Falls: b Duluth; enl MC 4Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 3Oct17; WA 27My18 (severely) and 4Oct18; retd to U S I18Mr19; disch 2Ap19. TASSIN, ADAM J., 18, Bordelonville, La.: b La; tr from 6FA to Btry C ISIFA 28D17; bglr 1F18; disch 13My19. TATHAM, GLEN R., 21, Austin: b Ill; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry B 151FA 23Ag17; pvt; WA 24Myl8(severely)!and about 5N18; retd to U S 26Jel9; disch 6SI9. TAYLOR, ARTHUR 5., 21 Minneapolis' b England; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E; pvt IC 20JaI8, corpl 8F18, sgt 8D18; disch lOM~yl9. TAYLOR, DOUGLAS W., 23, Janesville: b Janesville; enl Btry F lJel7 Minneapolis; pvt; WA(severely) about 15Oct18; disch s c d 28ApI9. TAYLOR, GUY 5., 27, Minneapolis: b England' enl Btry E 14Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 21117, pvt IC 103117, sgt 13N18; disch 10My19. TAYLOR, JOHN F., 26, Ft. Meade Fla': b Fla; tr from Cp Jackson AAikD to Btry F 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 14My19. TAYLOR, WILLIAM H., 22, Minneapolis: b Fulda; enl Btry D 29My17 Minneapolis; Pvt IC 253117; WA 7Mr18; disch 1OM~yI9. Cited in RO I2MrI8. TEMPLETON, HARRY P., 23, New Martinsville, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from 314FA to Btry D 151FA 15N18; corpl; disch 11M'y19. TEPEL, EDWARD W., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 303117 St Paul; pvt; disch 1OM'y19. TEPEL, HAROLD B, 23, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 203e16 St Paul- corpl 13a17, pvt 9D18; overseas 12148 to 26Ap19; disch 1OMy19. TERRELL, ALEXANDER W., 26, Ft. Worth, Tex.: b Mo; tr as 2d It from Saumiur ArtSch to 151FA I a18; WA (severely) 5MrI8; retd to U S 9S18; disch 12Mr19. Cited in RO I2Mr18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croix de Guerre with silver star. TERWEDO, WILLIAM A., 26, Red Wing: b Chaska; tr from 3Inf MNG to Hdq Co ISIFA 25Ag17; pvt ic; disch 21Ja19. TESKY, FREDERICK, 25, Beulah, N. D.: b N D; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA 123118; pvt; disch lOMyI9. TETERS, JOHN, 25, Minneapolis; b Russia; enl Sup Co 14Je17 Minneapolis; wagr 30AgI7; disch lOMyl9. THATCHER, EDWARD U., 26, Toledo: b Ohio; tr as 2d It from Saumiur ArtSch to 151FA IJaI8; WA lAgI8; cas from 28Ap19. THILGEN, GERHARD W., 22, St. Peter: b Mankato; enl Btry- C 23Je17 St Paul; pvt' WA(severely) 29M.y18 and 11Oct18; retcl to U S 17D18; disch 20Jal9. THOMAS, FORFST, 25 Fla.: b Fla; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry C 151FA 6Oct18; pvt; disch I4My19. THOMASTON, CHARLES D., 24, New Orleans: b Ala; tr from 141FA to SupCo 151FA 193118; pvt; disch 13My19. THOMPSON, ALBERT, 25, Fort Madison, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry B 151FA 123118; pvt; disch lOMyl9. THOMPSON, ALBERT W.,- 24, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C l9Apl 7 Hutchinson; pvt; disch lOMyl9. THOMPSON, ARTHUR E., 26, Minneap olis: b Milan; enl HdqCo 8Ag17 Ft Snell' ing; mus 3c 9Ag7mu 2c 1 N8, mnus Ic 1D18; diach IOMy19. 400 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY *THOMPSON, AXEL L., 32, Renwick, Iowa: b Iowa; eni Btry C 7Ag1I7 Ft Snelling; pvt; died 9F19. THOMPSON, GEORGE D., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry F 23Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to Hoboken CasCo 812. THOMPSON, GILBERT L., 21, Grey Eagle: b Grey Eagle-. enl Btry F 29Je 17 Minneapolis; pvt; discl 10My19. THOMPSON, HARRY, 28. Kansas City, Kans.: b Mo; tr from lInf MiNG to SupCo i5iFA 23Ag17, to Btry B 19517; wagr 29Ag17; disch a c d 17Oct17. THOMPSON, HARVEY E., 23, Minneap-,olis: b Minneapolis; enl Mc 1 5Je17 Minneapolis; p vt Ic 27S18; WA 18J118, 5Ag18 and (severely) 28Oct18; tr to l16AmTn 23Ja19. THOMPSON, JAMES B., 25, Flora, Miss.: b Miss; tr from 141FA to Btry F 151FA 19JI18; pvt; tr to 1591nf 6F19. THOMPSON, JAMES M., JR., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis: enl Btry F I11Ap 17 Minneapolis; Pvt ic, retd to U S 28JY19; THOMPSON OBERT, 23, Dawson: b Dawson; enl h3try D 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic ID17; WA 7Mr18; retd to U S 30N18; disch 8F19. Cited in RO 12Mr18. THORN, ROBERT H., 29, Flora, Miss.: b Miss; tr from C p Beauregard ARD to Btry F 151FA 19JI18; p vt; disch 13M'y19. THORPE, CLARENCE J., 22, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B3 24JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 20S17; pvt; WA 25518; retd to U S 3Ja19; disch 22F19. THORSETH, MELVIN, 27, Parshall, N. D.: b Minn; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry A 151FA 21JI18; p vt 1c; WA(severely) 4Ag18; retd to U S ID18; disch a c d 21F20. THORSTAD, HANS, 24, St. Paul: b Norway; enl Btry B lMyl7 St Paul; corpl 9N18; WA(severely) 26Myl8; retd to U ~ 8Ja19; disch 3lJa19. THYBERG, HILMER P., 25, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enil Btry E 6JI16 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 28Je17, pvt 19S17; disch lOMYl9. TICE, LESLIE 5,21, Minneapolis: b S D; enl Btry E 1J16 Minneapolis; sgt 11S17; disch 2Myl8 to acc com. TILTON, HAROLD 18 Philbrook: b Todd Co; enl Btry B' 286ct16 Ft. Snelling; pvt; disch 27S17. TINKER, RAYMOND, 27, Montevideo: b N Y; enl Btry B 9JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 28Oct18; retd to U S 2Ap19; disch 14Ap 19. TKACH, PETER D., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry B 30JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo 18S18- mus 3c INI8, mus 2c 9Ap19; disch 10fyY19. TOBIN, WILLIAM H., 21, Burt, Iowa: b Iowa; enl Btry B 19JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to FARepIRegt 7Mrl8. TODD, GEORGE, 26, Minneapolis: b Min-' neapolis; eni SupCo 15Je17 Minenapolis; wagr 8Ag17, ck 27AgI7, wagr 1Oct17: ck 16Oct17; disch 24Ap19. TODD, MALEN G., 23, Minneapolis: b' Iowa; enl Btry D 16Ap17 Minneapolis-10 corpl 1Agl7, pvt 29MyI8, corpl 24N18; retd to U S 8Myl9; disch 2OMyl9. TOGO, JOHN, 21, Minneapolis: b Russia; enl Btry F 19Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1S17; disch lOMyl9. TOLLEFSON, HERBERT T., 25, St. Paul: b Wis; enl SupCo 7Je17 St Paul; wagr 13JI17; disch lOMy19. TOLLIN, ELON W., 24, Anoka: b Ill; enl Btry F 26Mr17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic IS17, corpl 1D18; WA 1SMr18; overseas 4N17 to 27Ap19; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 29S18. TOLLIN, MELROY J., 21, Anoka: b Ill; enl Btry F 26Mr17 Minneapolis; pvt ic 1S17, corpl. 5Mr19; disch lOMyl9. TOM'CO, MICHAEL J., 28, Pottstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. TONELLI, ANTONIO, 23, Philadelphia: b Italy; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. TONER, RAYMOND L., 22, Philadelphia: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry F I151IFA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. TORMEY, DENNIS A., 27, Endicott, N. Y.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry D X5 iFA I5N18; pvt; disch 3My19. TORNEY, EINAR~ H., 24, Morgan: b Courtland; enl Btry E 27Je17 Morgan; pvt; disch 12My19. TORO, URBAN W. A., 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from Hdq 42Div to Btry B 151FA 1Ag18; pvt; disch 13My19. TOTHERO, WILLIAM F., 18, Mohinton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 1491nf to Btry C 151FA 26Je18; pvt; disch 3My19. TOWEY, JOHN M., 22, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enl Btry C 5J117 Ft Snelling; bgr 27J117, pvt 1Ja18; WA (severely) 15J118; retd to U S 31D18; disch a c d 13 My19. TOWNE, TRUEMAN R., 23, Cambridge, Mass.: b Mass; enl Btry B 23JI16 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to HdqDet 3AIC 10D17. TOWNSEND, JOHN, JR., 26, St. Paul: b St Paul; comsd 1st It 17Ap 17 and assnd to Btry B; tr to FARD 15Je18. TRACY, JOE, Minneapolis: enl Btry D 6Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch a c d 17Oct17. TRACY, NORMAN, 20, Robbinsdale: h Minneapolis; enl Btry E 24Ap1 7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 20Ja18; disch 10My19. TRAHAN, JOHN P., 23, Houma, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry E 151FA 19J118; pvt; tr to 3371nf 27N18. TRANCHINA, JOHN J., 22, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141lFA to Btry A I15 IFA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. TREFT, CHARLES W., 28, Wellington, Kans.: b Kans; tr from 11 7AnmTn to HdqCo 151FA 21D17, to Btry D 26Mr19; pvt; disch 21My19. TRIMMER, WALTER C., 24, St. Paul: b Ohio; enl Btry C 18Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. TRODDEN, LAWRENCE V., 28, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 27JI117 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch s c d 22Jal8. TROUT, HENRY D., 20, Eudora, Kans.: b Kans; tr from 11 7AmTn to Btry C 151FA 26DI8; pvt; disch 2lMy19. ROSTER 401 TROUTMAN, ROBERT A., 26, Rehrersburg, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. *TRUEMPER, JOHN F., 25, Dutzow, Mo.: b Kans; tr from JeARD to Btry A 151FA 21Jl18; pvt; killed in action 25Oct18. TRUMAN, RALPH E., 23, Hopkins: b Wis; enI Btry A 24J117 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo; mus 2c IN18; retd to U S 26Mrl9; disch 15Apl9. TRUWE, EMIL H., 29, Young America: b Young America; eni Btry C 5Ap17 St Paul; pvt lc, pvt 20SI7, mus 3c lApI8; tr to ASC Pauillac 8F19. TULL, THOMAS S., 23, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry D 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch s c d 6Je19. TULLY, JOHN, 25, Brooklyn: b N Y; tr from l17AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3My19. TUREK, JAMES F., 22, Montgomery: b Montgomery; enI Btry C 2JI17 Ft S nelling; pvt; tr to Tank Corps. TURTORO, BATTISTO, 22, McKees Rocks, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 11 7AmTn to HdqCo 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. TWEET, ALFRED, 28, Reeder, N. D.: b Iowa; tr from Cp Pike ARD to Btry D 151FA 21J118; pvt; disch lOMyl9. U UHRMANN, WILLIAM, 22, Washington, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike' JeAR D to Btry D ISIFA 21J118; pvt lc~ WA (severely) 26Oct18; retd to U I lMrl9; disch 12Ap19. UNANGST, AARON F., 22, Easton, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3Myl9. UNDERWOOD, GROVER C., 20 Waynesville, N. C.: b N C; tr from 6!p Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt; retd to U S 2Apl9; disch 29M'y19. URQUHART, DONALD C., 21, Minneapolis: b Mich; enl Btry F 11Ap 17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 1S17, pvt 15J118; disch lOMyl9. URSEL, JOHN, 21, Youngstown, Ohio: b Auti;tr from Cp Jackson ARD to Btry D 151FA 2N18; pvt lc, pvt 20F19; disch 8My19. V VALENTE, ARISTIDE, 24, Minneapolis: b Italy; eni Btr E 25Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. -VALENTINE, LOWELL D., 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 15Ja15 Minneapolis; pvt, sgt; died 16Je18 as result of accident. VALLERY, ALBERT U., 18 Tioga, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to jitry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; WA(severely) 28Oct18; tr to ll6AmTn 23JaI9. VAN DUYN, DONALD W., 21, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry F 12Ap17 Minneapolis; corpl. Apl7, sgt 19Agl7; disch I2Myl9. VAN DYKE, -MILTON, 18, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl SupCo 23Je17 Minneapolis; wagr lJaI8; disch 10M~y19. VANGEN, OBERT L., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; eni Btry B 23Ap 17 Minneapolis; pvt lc 20JaI8; retd to U S llMrI9; disch 24Mrl9. VAN LOAN, BIRCHARD A., 18, Monmouth, Ore.: b Cal; tr from 162Inf to SupCo 151FA IOMyls; pvt IC 1Oct18; disch 16Myl9. VAN PELT, WAYNE, 22, Clam Falls, Wis.: b N Y; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22Agl7; wagr 29Ag17; disch lOMyl9. VASHRO, REUBEN A., 22, Minneaplis: b Mich; enl Btry A 20J117 Ft Sne 1hg pvt IC 10N17, corpl 3ApI8; WA 27My8 6Ag18, and about 12S18; retd toUS 2Ap19; disch 21Apl9. VAUGHAN, BENJAMIN F. 23, Stillwater: b Wis; tr from 3Inf M~kG 'to Btry C 151FA 25Agl7; pvt; disch lOMy19. VAUGHN, NEWTON A., 24, San Carlos, Ariz.: b Ark; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry F 151FA 21Jl18; pvt; discb 23My19. VERTHEIN, RICHARD J., 25, Holland: b Iowa; enI Btry C 6Ag17 Minneapolis; pvt IC IlApI8; retd to U S 24Mr19; discb llApl9. VETTER, ADAM, 25, Hague, N. D.: b Rus. sia; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to SupCo ISIFA 21JI18; pvt ic 1Oct18, wagr lMyl9; discb IOMyl9. VIAU, EDWARD, 23, St. Paul: b Ill; enl Btry B 17JI16 Ft Snelling; ck, pvt, sgt 7JI17; WA(severely) 18S18; tr to 337Inf 23Oct18. VIBBERT, STANLEY R., 23, Milford, Del.: b Penn; tr from MC AEF to MedDet 151FA 27Je18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. VIGIL, ELIAS, 21, Leadville, Col.: b N M; tr from 334FA to SupCo 151FA 10J118; wagr 1S18; disch 18Myl9. VISCIOTTI ANTONIO, 21, Cornwall, Penn.: b italy; tr from 314FA to Btry F 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 3My19. VOGEL, EDWARD E. 21, St. Paul: b Penn; enI Btry- C 193'el6 'St Paul; corpl, IJaI7, sgt 1Jol117, 1st sgt 30Je18; tr to 337Inf 20Ja19. VOLDEN, OLAF, 28, Nerstrand: b Norway; enl Btry C lMyi7 St Paul; pvt; retd to U S llM'rl9; discb 24Mr19. VON DOMARUS, MAX, 24, Little Falls: h Little Falls; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapohis; tr to Btry F 22J117; corpl, 5Agl7; disch lOMyl9. VROOMAN, LEWIS E., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 14Ag17 Ft Snelling; mus 3c I4Ag17, mus 2c IN17, mus Ic 15518; retd to U S 6Myl9; disch 2OMylI9. WADSWORTH, HENRY J., 20, St. Paul: b N Y; enI HdqCo 2Ag17 Ft Snellingpvt IC 16S17, corpI 1N17; retd to U 7ApI9; disch 22,Apl9. Cited in RO 3518. WAGNER, CHARLES, 25, St. Paul: b N Y; enl Btry B 24JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 21My18; WA (severely) 29MyI8; tr to 337Inf 7F19. WAGNER, THOMAS P., 23, Philadelphis: b Penn; tr from 314FA to HdqCo 151 FA 14N18; pvt; retd to U S 24My"19; disch 26Je19. WAGONSELLER, EARL A., 22, Peoria, Ill.: b Ind; tr from SFSBn to Btry F 151FA 4Ja19; pvt IC; disch 9Myl9. 402 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY WAHLQ UIST, ARTHUR R., 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; en! Btry C 16Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 15S17. WALBORN, ROBERT T., 26, Millersburg Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to BtryF 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. WALDON, EARL, 23, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry D 18Ap17 Minneapolis; corpI 30AgI7; disch 1OMy19. WALDON, LEONARD, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry D 21Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 25J117, corpl 6Ag18; WA l0Ag18 and 16Oct18; disch 10 Myl9. WALDRON, GEORGE, 19, Minneapolis: enl Btry E 13Je17 Minneapolis; des 14S17 Cp Mills. WALL, EDWARD R., 18, Park Rapids: b Wis; enl Btry D 1 7Apl 7 Minneapolis; pvt IC I0Ag18; disch lOMyl9. WALLFRED, JOHN E., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry F 23Apl7 Minneapolis; comisd 2d It lAgl7 and assnd to Btry F; prom Ist It 20AgI8; disch I2MyI9. WALLGREN, JOHN M., 19, St. Paul: b St Paul; en! Btry B 13Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 5S17. WALLS, WILLIAM, 31, Paterson, N. J.: b N J; tr from 147FA to Btry E 151 FA 6Ap 18; pvt; retd to U S 2ApI9; disch I9A19. WALSH, PATRICK, 40, New York: b N Y; tr from lO3AmTn to Btry A 151FA 22S18; pvt; retd to U S 9JeI9; disch 28JeI9. WALTERS, DANIEL B., 18, New York: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry D 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 5M~y19. WANDERSEE, GILBERT J., 22, Morgan: b Morgan; enl Btry E 27Je17 Minneapolis; pvt IC I0Agl8; WA lAgI8; disch IOMiy19. WARD, CHARLES, 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; en! Btry C 27Je16 St Paul; pvt IC IlApI8; WA 15Oct18; tr to 28IMPCo 4N18. WARD, GRANT A., 20, Le Sueur Center: b Le Sueur Center; enI Btry B 26Apl7 St Paul; bglr JaI9; disch I0My19. WARE, FLETCHER K., 25, Minneapolis: bIll; en! Btry D 23Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo, to Btry A; corpl 17, sgt 2lMr18, pvt 6Apl8, pvt Ic 103eI8, corpI IJI18; WA 28Oct18; disch lOMyI9. WARMAN, HARRY L., 30, Port Arthur, Tex.: b Ind; tr from lAmTn to VU 151FA 9JaI9; far; tr to ISIMGBn 15Ja19. WARNER, RICHARD G., 19, Mneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry F 10Ap1 Minneapolis; pvt ic lJel8, corpl,.1D18; disch lOMyl9. WARREN, EUGENE H., 18, Le Roy: b Iowa; enl HdqCo 26Jel7 Ft Snelling; bglr 17JI17; disch 10 My19. WARREN, PAGE D. 30, M'inneapolis: b Sauk Center; en! Btr'y D1I3Ap17Mginneapolis; corpI 4D17; disch lOMyl9. WARREN, ROBERT L., 28 Haines City Fla.: b S C; tr from Cp~ lackson AA RID to Btry F i 15FA 2N 18;.pvt; disch 14My19. WARRINER, ROY 5., 26, Wellsboro, Penn.: b Penn; tr from lInf MNG to SupCo 151FA 23Agl7; wagr IJal8; retd to U S 22MrI9; disch lApI9. *WARWICK, FRED H., 18, St. Paul: b St Paul; enI Btry A 23Je17 Ft Snelling; corpl. 2J117, sgt 19S17; died 20JaI9. WASCHER, HAROLD A., 24, St. Cloud: b IIl; enl HdqCo 26M~y17 Minneapolis; sgt, sgt IC; disch 2My18 to acc corn. WATSON, PAUL B., 24, Milton, Mass.: b Mass; tr as 1st It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1JaI8; tr to 32FA Agl8. WAX, DAVID, 23, Minneapolis: b N Y; en! Btry A 10J 116 Ft Snellin g; pvt IC 19S17; tr to Hdq 67FABrig 30Je18. WEAVER, GALEN R., 23, Columbus, Ohio: b Ohio; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Ja18; prom 1st It 8S18; tr to Unassnd Det FA 6Mr19. WEBBER, HAROLD C., 18, St. Paul: b Waseca; enl Btry C 16Je16 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. WEBBER, WILLARD E., 24, Minneapolis: b Iowa; en! Btry E 23JI17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 6Ag17, pvt N17, pvt ic F18; retd to U S 21D18; disch l4JaI9. WEBSTER, JOHN E., 20. Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; en! Btry E llApl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic 12N17, pvt 12DI7, pvt IC 20Ja18; disch 10M'y19. WEBSTER, KARL B., 24, Columbus, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from 324FA as cas 25Je18 and to Btry B 151FA 15518; pvt IC ID18; disch 8Myl9. WEBSTER, RAY B., 20, Minneapolis: 1) Wis; en! Btry A lAgl6 Minneapolis; pvt ic 10N17; tr to 147FA 9Ap18, to Btry A 151FA 2lMy18; WA(severely) 26J118 and 30Oct18; overseas 6Mr18 to 24N18; disch 28JI19. WEED, RICHARD, 24, Ortonville: b S D; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry A 151FA 29Ag17; pvt; WA(severely) 31Oct18; retd to U S 14F19; disch IMrI9. WEEKS, ORVIN L., 28, St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry A l7Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic 1ApI8, pvt 7Ag18; WA(severely) about 31Oct18; retd to U S 2ApI9; disch a c d 23Ap20. WEINERT, FRED C., 22, Buffalo, N. Y.: b N Y; tr from 469AerSq to Btry B 151FA 28AgI8; mr el(sig); WA(severely) 28Oct18; retd to U S I2Mr19; disch 24Ap19. WEINMAN, RUDOLPH J., 25, New Orleans: b La; tr as 1st It from 1st Corps ArtSch to I5lFA 1JaI8; to FABrig FirCen 6Apl8. WEISMAN, LEO F., 25, Rockville: b Rockville; en! Btry B 14Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt; WA 27MyI8; disch I5My19. WEISS, ALEXANDER, 21, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to HdqCo 151FA lAgI8; pvt; disch 13MyI9. WELLS, CHARLES W., 19, Marengo, Ind.: b Ind; tr from 1Inf MNG to SupCo 151FA 22AgI7, to Btry C 17S17; wagr 29AgI7, pvt IC IJa18, corpI 12Ja18; disc-n lOMY19. WENDLING, MELVIN A., 26, Allentown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. WENELL, CARL 0., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI MC llAgl6 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic 3Oct17; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 25S18. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross and Croce di Guerra. *WENELL. LAWRENCE, 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry C 26Ag17 Ft ROSTER 403 Snelling; pvt; died 7Mr18 of wounds received in action. Awarded Croix de Guerre with silver star. WENGERT, ALFRED J., 22, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; enl Btry D lOApl7 St Cloud; pvt; disch lOMyI9. WENNERLIND, GILBERT W., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 19Ap17 Minneapolis; tr to Btry E 25JI17; pvt; disch 15Myl9. WENZINGER, LEO E., 22, Denver: b Col; tr from FARepIRegt to SupCo 151FA 10JI18; pvt IC 1Oct18; disch I9My19. WERLING, JOSEPH J., 28, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btr D 151FA I0J118; ck 15S18, pvt 3Mrl19; disch 13My19. WERT, PARKER C., 23, Pottstown, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3MyI9. WERTHEIMER, HENRY, 21, St. Paul: b N Y; enl Btr B 28J117 Ft Snelling; pvt; overseas?Fl8 to 26ApI9; disch lOMyl9. WEST, ARTHUR, 33, Minneapolis: b N Y; enI Btry A 12JI16 Ft ~nelling; pvt; dishon disch 28S18. WEST, CLARE E., 23, Minneapolis: b S D; enl SupCo 23Ag17 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry D; pvt Ic ID17; WA 7Mr18; disch lOMyl9. Cited in RO 12Mr18. WEST, FRANK, 27, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 23JI17; corpl. 28D17; disch lOMyI9. WEST, GEORGE W., 27, Mo.: b Mo; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt IC 19N18, pvt 19ApI9; disch 6MyI9. WESTCOTT, HARRY A., 20, Washington, D. C.: h Penn; tr from 1631nf to SupCo 151FA 13My18, to Btry E 15Je18, to SupCo 26D18; pvt; disch 8My19. WESTCOTT, JAMES V., 26, Fleetville, Penn.: h Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry B 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. WETHERILLE, ROBERT E., 2 1, Minneapolis: h Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl. IJ117, pvt 7Je18 ck 20JI18, pvt 3N18, corpl, 9D18; disch lOMyl9. WEYMOUTH, RAYMOND M-., 22, St. Paul: b St James; enl Btry A 25Ap17 St Paul; pvt IC 10NI7, pvt IJI18; WA 29Oct18; retd to U S 22F19; disch I3Mr19. WHALEN, EDWARD J 21 St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 26jf17 'Minneapolis; tr to HdqCo I9JeI8; corpl. 5Oct18; disch lOMyl9. WHIPPLE, WILLIAM G., 27, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry C 26JI17 Ft Snelling; pvt ic 20S17, corpl 2IMr18, pvt 1Oct18, pvt IC 19N18; disch lOMyl9. WHITE, ANDREW, 22, Houma, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch 13My19. WHITE, BARTLEY T., 26, Marshall, N. C.: b N C; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to Btry A 151FA 6N18; pvt IC 1D18; tr to 42MPCo 12D18. WHITE, FRANK J., 28, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry D 23J117 Minneapols;, pvt; WA 9Mr18; disch IOMyl9. Cite in RO I2Mrl8. WHITE, GILBERT, 20, Houma, La.: b La; tr from Cp Beauregard ARD to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; WA (severely) 25Oct108; retd to U S 28F19; disch 24Mr19. WHITE, HARRY, 38, Minneapolis: b Penn; enl Btry A lAgl6 Ft Snelling; ck lOAgl6, pvt lApI8, ck lAgl8, pvt 1S18, pvt IC 19N18; disch IOMyl9. WHITE, WARREN M., 21, Houma, La.: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; disch I3Myl9. WHITING, HI G., 22, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpi. 10J117, pvt ic 8N17, corpl. 2My 18; WA 7MrI8; disch lOMyI9. Cited! in RO I2Mrl8. WHITMORE, HORACE G., 44,' Minneap - olis: b Ohio; enl Btry B 20Ag17 Ft Sne 11 -ing; tr to SupCo 25Ja18- pvt IC 1D17, sgt IC llApI8; disch IOIVfy9. WHITNEY, WHEELOCK, 23, St. Cloud: b St Cloud; comsd 2d It 2lMyl7 and assnd to Btry B; resgnd 27Agl7 to enter OTC. WIBERG, AXEL H., 35,' St. Cloud: b Sweden; enl HdqCo 101117 Ft Snelling mus 3c 12J117, mus 2c 8ApI9; disch 10My19. WICHMAN, MARTIN F., 24, St. Paul: b Nebr; enl HdqCo 2IJe17; mus 3c 23TeI7, bd corpl. 18J117, bd sgt 9S18; disch lOMyl9. WICKHAM., MARVIN C., 21, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F l9Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic IS17; WA 26MyI8; disch lOMyl9. WIELAND, WILLIAM E., 31, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry B 13JI16 Ft Snelling; tr to DivArea 42 iv, to Btry B 151FA 4M~rI8; corpl. 7JI17, pvt 11JI18; disch 13MyI9. WIELE, EDWARD H., 27 Burlington, Iowa: b Iowa; tr from 336l]'A to Btry C 151FA 2IJ118; pvt; disch lOMy19. WIETECKE, TOFIL, 26, St. Paul: b Russia; enl Btry A 6Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch lOMyl9. WIGEN, BERT L., 33, Mankato:, b Fergus Falls; enl Btry D 29Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 18D317, mech 5AgI8, pvt I9MrI9; WA(severely) about 13S18; disch lOMyI9. WIGEN, MYRON E., 18, Walnut Grove: b Walnut Grove; enI HdqCo 12JI16 Ft Snelling; tr to Btry F 5Agl7; corpl. 1JI17, sgt 9S17; retd to U S 11F19; disch 3lMrI9. WIKEEN, OSCAR A., 24, Princeton: b Princeton; enl Btry B 12JI16 Ft Snelling; sgt 10J117; disch 31Oct18. WILABY, ANDREW R., 39, Shakopee: b Iowa; enI Btry B 26Apl 7 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMy19. WILD, FRANK L., 21, Mankato: b Mankato; tr from 2Inf MNG to Btry F 151FA 23AgI7; hs 11JaI8; retd toU S IIMT19; disch 3ApI9. WILEY, CARL M., 29, Minneapolis: b N J; enl Btry A 13J116 Ft Snelling; corpl, sgt, 1st sgt; disch 2M~yl8 to acc com. WILKINS, BERNARD, 22, Mora: b Ill; enl Btry C 27J117 Ft Snelling; pvt Ic llAp18; disch 10My19. 404 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY WILKINS, ROGER L., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Ft Snelling; corpi 1Apl8; tr to 344B3n Tank Corps 3Ap18. WILLARD, JOE F., 20, St. Paul: b St Paul; eni Btry C 13Apl7 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d 15S17. WILLIAMS, DAVID F., 23, Westpoint, Va.: b Va; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 14N18; pvt; disch 8My19. WILLIAMS, DUDLEY, 18, Minneapolis: b Conn; eni Bt~ry E 13Oct15 Minneapolis; corpl Ap16, sgt ApI7; WA 7Mr18; retd to U S 25Mr19; disch 5Apl9. WILLIAMS, ELMER J., 25, Duluth: b Tower; tr from 3Inf MNG to Hdq Co 151FA 24AgI7; pvt lc lMr18, corpl 11S18, pvt 1D18; disch IOMyI9. WILLIAMS, JOHN, 22, Scranton, Penn.: b Penn; tr as 2d It from 314FA to l51FA 14N18; disch 3MyI9. WILLIAMS, JOHN, 19, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry E 23Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt ic 3Myl8, pvt 4Mr19; disch 10MyI9. WILLIAMS, LAWRENCE 5., 21, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry C 23Ap17 St Paul; tr to HdqCo 8Apl8; regtI sgt maj 2JI17, pvt 26jI17, pvt IC 26Ag17, corpl 1N17, sgt 6Ap18; disch lOMy19. WILLIAMS, LEVENS D., 26, Minneapolis: b Wis; comsd 1st It l7Ap17 and assnd to Btry A; prom capt 1JI18; WA 25JI18 and 1N18; retd to U S 9D18; disch 16f119. WILLIAMS, LORING I., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry D 11J116 Ft Snelling; tr to HdqCo; Corp 28Ap17, sgt 23Ag17, pvt IC 1N17, corpI 20N17; WA 24Oct18; disch lOMy19. Cited in RO 18N18. WILLIAMS, LYLE P., 22, Renovo, Penn.: b Penn; comisd 2d It ijelS and assnd to 15IFA; tr to Saumur ArtSch 26JI18. WILLIAMS, VERGE, 24, Vernon, Fla.: b Fla; tr from Cp Jackson AARD to HdqCo 151FA 6N18; pvt; disch 14MyI9. WILLIAMS, WALTER, 20, Bogalusa, La.: b Ala; tr from 141FA to Btry B 151FA 19JI118; pvt; disch I3M'y19. WILSON, CARR E., 25, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to HdqCo 151FA 19JI18; pvt; disch 13My19. WILSON, HAROLD B., 23, South Orange, N. J.: b N Y; tr as 2d It from 314FA to 151FA 14N18; disch 17MyI9. WILSON, RAY K., 26, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpl 10JI17, sgt 7Agl8; disch 13My19. WILSON, ROLAND K., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo l4Ag17 Ft Snelling; pvt; tr to FASI 30NI7. WILSON, ROY E., 19, New Rockford, N. D.: b N D; tr from 5FSBn to Btry F I51FA 28D18; pvt ic; disch lOMy19. WILSON, SAMUEL, 23, Pittsburgh: b Penn; tr from ll7AmTn to Btry B 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 19MyI9. WILSON, STANLEY L., 19, New York: b N Y; tr from 6FA to Btry A 151FA 28D17; pvt; disch 3M~yI9. WILTSE, MARMADUKE J., 18, St. Paul: b N D; enl HdqCo lApl6 Minneapolis; corpl, sgt lAp18; WA 29JI18; overseas 9FI8 to 26Ap19; disch I2Myl9. WIMMER. WILLIAM, 21, St. Cloud: h Paynesville; enl Btry D lOApl7 St Cloud; pvt IC 1D17; disch 10My19. WINCOTT, EARLE R., 19, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry D 23JI17 Minneapolis; pvt IC 15Je18, corpl 7M'rI9; disch lOMyl9. WINDOM, HARRY W., 28, Ravenswood, W. Va.: b W Va; tr from lI7AmTn to Btry D 151FA 26D18; pvt; disch 19My19. WINFIELD, ALBERT, 23, Penn.: b Penn; tr from TS for SnTrps AEF to MC 151FA 21S18; pvt; retd to U S 21MrI9; disch 9Ap19. WINKELMAN, OLIVER M., 26, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 22Apl6 Hutchinson; pvt IC 1S18; WA(severely) 15JI18; disch lOM-yl9. WINNER, HERMAN I., 30, St. Paul: b St Paul; enl Btry B 28JI17 Ft Snelling; Pvt ic 16Ja19; disch lOMy19. WINNESS, ROY, 21, Duluth: b Duluth; tr from FARepIRegt to HdqCo 151FA 4Oct18; pvt; disch IOMyI9. WISE, FRANK N., 27, Minneapolis: b Iowa; enl Btry A 12J117 Ft S nelling; pvt Ic 10N17, pvt 7Ag18; disch 15MyI9. WISE, SAVIOR, 30, Hunkers, Penn.: b Italy; tr from TS for SnTrps to MC 151FA 31S18; pvt; disch 3My19. WITHINGTON, CHARLES C., 26, Green. ville, S. C.: b N J; tr as 2d It from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1JaI8; retd to U S 17Ja19; disch 21JaI9. WODARZ, FRANK 5., 23, Browerville: b Browerville; enl Btry C 16Je17 St Paul; pvt IC 19N18; disch 10MyI9. WOHLERS, HANS H., 30, W. St. Paul: h Germany; enl Btry A 2Je17 St Paul; corpl 13N17, pvt 6N18, corpl 18NI8, sgt 29N18; disch IOMy19. WOLF, ANDREW G., 23, Minneapolis: b Wis; enl Btry F 25Je17 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 1SI7, corpl 6Mr19; disch 15My19. WOLF, FRED P., 26, Minneapolis: b Eden Prairie; enl Btry F l8Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; WA about 1Oct18; tr to 146Inf 10FI9. WOMBILL, GEORGE W., 24, St. Paul; b -Wis; enl Btry C 2IJe17; des 2SI7. WOOD, CHARLES M., 23, Alpharetta, Ga.: b Ga; tr from Cp Wheeler JeARD to Btry C 151FA 21JI18; pvt; WA 1N18; disch I6My19. WOODBURN, F. BENEDICT, 25, St. Paul: b Minneapolis; enl Btry A 28JI17 Ft Snelling; tr to SupCo; wagr; disch 14J118 to acc com. WOODWARD, DAVID F., 22, Big Lake: b Iowa; enl Btry B lJel7 St Paul; pvt; disch s c d IOAgl7. WOODWORTH, GEORGE E., 29, St. Paul: b Clearwater; enI Btry D 20Jel6 Minneapolis; corpl 21Ap17, sgt, sup sgt 9Agl7; disch 1OMyl9. *WOOTTON, JOSEPH E., 19, New Orleans: b La; tr from 141FA to Btry A 151FA 19J118; pvt; died 9F19. *WORD, WILLIAM E., JR., 26, Richmond, Va.: b Va; tr as 1st it from Saumur ArtSch to 151FA 1Ja18; prom capt; died in Germany. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. ROSTER 405 WORLEIN, RALPH T., 20, Waterville: b Waterville; eni HdqCo 16Apl7 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to Tank Corps 16Mr18. *WORRALL, HAROLD J., 24, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enI Btry E 19Je16 Minneapolis; corpi, sgt; died 16J118 of wounds received in action. WORTHAM', JOHN L., 20, Corsicana, Tex.: b Tex; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 26Agl7; pvt; tr to Tanik Corps 21Ap18. WRIGHT, HAROLD A., 20, Excelsior: b Excelsior; eni Btry D 29Je17 Ft Snelling; pvt; disch a c d 14Oct17. WRIGHT, JAMES A., 23. St. Paul: b Iowa; enl Btry C 24Ap17 St Paul; pvt Ic 16J117, corpl 1Ja18, sgt l3Je18; WA (severely) about 28Oct18; retd to U S 26M'rI9; disch 22Ap19. WRIGHT, MARTIN L., 25, Mott, N. D.: b N Y; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry D 151FA 14JI18; pvt; disch 10MyI9. WRIGHT, WILLIAM S., 27, Philadelphia: b Me; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry C 151FA 10J118; pvt; disch 6My19. W`UBKER, HENRY J- 22, Leopold, Mo.: b Mo; tr from 336FA to Btry E 151FA 10Ji18; pvt; disch 6Myl9. Y YANO, JOHN A., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry F 7Ap17 Minneapolis; pvt; disch 10My19. YARBROUGH, EARLIE T., 21, Livingston, Tex.: b Tex; tr from 13Cav to Btry D 151FA 5S17; pvt 1c ID17, corpl 7Mrl9; disch 15My19. YATES, HERBERT J., 21, St. Paul: h Minneapolis; enl SupCo 14Ap17 St Paul; wagr 16Apl7; tr to lInf MNG 24AgI7. YATES, WILLIAM' 5., 27, Pensacola, Fla.: b Fla; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 20Jel9. YAWGER, RAYMOND F., 18, East Orange, N. J.: b N J; tr from 3d Army ReplDep to Btry D 151FA 13F19; pvt; disch 3MyI9. YEATS, KENNETH G., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl Btry E 28Myl7 Minneapolis; pvt Ic 4MrI9; disch 10My19. YESTER, GEORGE A., 23, McKeesport Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry E 151FA 15N18; pvt; disch 3My19. *YORK, GAY E., 23, Minneapolis: b Ill; enl Btry E 1Ap16 Minneapolis; corpl 10J117; killed in action 15JI18. YOUNG, ANDREW B., 23, Trenton, N. J.: b Penn; tr from 117FSBn to Btry E 151FA 30Ap18; pvt; disch 3M~y19. Cited in RO 20JI18. YOUNG, JOSEPH E., 22, Minneapolis: b Minneapolis; enl HdqCo 2Ag17 Ft Snelling; corol 1N17, sgt 19Oct18; WA 18Oct18; disch 1OMy19. YOWELL, THOMAS L., 26, St. Louis, Mo.: b Ark; tr from Cp Pike JeARD to Btry E 151FA 10JI18; pvt; tr to 337Inf 27N18. z ZACK, ANTHONY, 23, Wilkes-Barre, Penn.: b Russia; tr from 314FA to Btry B ISIFA 15N18; pvt; disch 9My19. ZAGAC, TONY, 27, St. Paul: b Poland; enl Btry C 6Je16 St Paul; pvt; disch lOMyl9. ZARVAS, GEORGE, 26, Minneapolis: b Greece; enl Btry F 24Je17 Minneapolis; ck 1N18; disch lOMyl9. ZECHER, FRED J., 24, St. Paul: b N Y; enI Btry A l8Ap17 St Paul; pvt; disch 18Myl9. ZEGAS, SAMUEL, 22, New York: b Russia; tr from l3Cav to Btry F 151FA 26Ag17; pvt; WA(severely) 11Oct18; disch 3My19. ZEMAN, LOUIS A., 21, Waconia: b Waconia; enl Btry B 6JI16 Ft Snelling; sgt 10J117; WA 17Mr18 and (severely) 30J118 and 26Oct18; retd to U S 9Ja19; disch 27Ja19. ZERR, WALTER B., 22, Minneapolis: b Penn; enl Btry E 24N14 Minneapolis; corpl 18JI16, sgt 28Ja17; disch 31J118 to acc com. ZIEMKE, OSCAR F., 24, Venice, Ohio: b Ohio; tr from Cp Jackson FARepIDep to Btry F 151FA 1N18; pvt; disch 8My19. ZIMMERMAN, AUSTIN A., 20, Dunbar, Penn.: b Penn; tr from 314FA to Btry A 151FA 15N18; pvt; retd to U S 28F19; disch 19Ap19. ZIOLKOWSKI, CASMIR R., 18, St. Paul: b Germany; enl Btry B 23Ap 17 St Paul; pvt Ic 4S18, corpl 15MTr19; disch lOMyl9. ZIPF, FRED, 21, Hutchinson: b Hutchinson; enl Btry C 19Ap17 Hutchinson; pvt; disch 1OMy19. -ZUELCH, HERMAN, 25, Minneapolis: b Germany; enl Btry F 2Je17 Minneapolis; pvt; tr to 55CA 7 F18. ZWOLINSKT, FRANK, 31, St. Paul: b Wis; enl Btry A 12Ag16 St Paul; corpl; dcs 28Ag17 Ft Snelling. ZWOLINSKI, PETER, 30, Milwaukee: b Wis; enl Btry A 12Ag16 Ft Snelling; pvt. Ic 10N17, ck 21N17, pvt Ic 11JI18, mech 30N18; disch 1OMy19. STATISTICAL SUMMARY1 Total enrollment........... Strength: On federalization, August 5, 1917... At embarkation, October 18, 1917... On return to United States, April 26, 1919 On demobilization, May 10, 1919... Discharged after May 10, 1919.. Gains, August 5, 1917, to May 10, 1919:... By appointment or enlistment. By promotion from the ranks By transfer........... Losses, August 5, 1917, to May 10, 1919:... By resignation...........By discharge: Honorable.... Dishonorable2... By transfer.... By promotion within the regiment... By death............ By desertion........... Officers 144 45 64 62 43 43 99 22 10 67 101 2 Enlisted Men 2,216 1,254 1,388 1,528 1,123 345 972 72 900 1,103 Casualties:............ Killed in action........ Died of wounds....... Died of disease........ Died from accident...... Wounded or gassed in action Honors:.... Regimental citation..... Divisional citation..... Distinguished Service Cross... Distinguished Service Medal... Croix de Guerre....... Legion of Honor....... Others..... 17 741 1 2 77 296 10 4 44 10 35 454 1 10 2 10 1 20 4 31 410 28 151 7 109 2 7 7 10 1 6 21 2 3 4 52 1,358 11 207 2 99 1 58 10 45 1 40 40 66 369 Total 2,360 1,299 1,452 1,590 1,166 388 1,061 94 967 1,194 2 758 3 373 48 10 489 11 12 21 4 441 179 116 9 17 1 27 2 7 1,411 218 101 59 55 41 40 435 Residence: Minnesota..... Pennsylvania..... Louisiana.... West Virginia.... New York............ Iowa...... North Dakota. Thirty-nine other states and Canada. iThis table is based entirely upon information contained in the foregoing roster. 2Four enlisted men, not included here, were dishonorably discharged after the demobilization. 407 INDEX INDEX Adjutant, regimental, 149 A.E.F., first troops sent to France, 15; training schedule for, 24; headquarters, 32; factors in the war, 60; first used as combat divisions, 61; German estimate of, 112; services of, reviewed, 177. See also First American Army; Third American Army; various units Aeronautics, see Aviators Ah!r River, 169, 171, 172 Ahrweiler, 42nd Division headquarters, 171 Aire River, 143 Airplanes, see Aviators Aisne-Marne offensive, 177; arrival of 42nd Division on battle front, 84, 87, 90; purpose and plan of attack, 88; disposition of troops, 88, 89; German retreat to the Ourcq River, 89-92; Battle of the Ourcq, 92-101, 102, 152, participation of the 151st Field Artillery, 90, 93, 95. 96, 97, 98, 102, 111, results, 102; Battle of the Vesle, 102, 103-109, 112, participation of the 151st Field Artillery, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107; regiment withdrawn from line, 108; results, 110, 111, 113, 117; services of 151st Field Artillery praised, 111, 185. See also Casualties; Eighty-fourth Infantry Brigade; Eighty-third Infantry Brigade; Forty-second Division Aisne River, 79 Alabama, troops from, 17 Albany, reported sunk, 21 Allen, Major General Henry T., 166 Allie, Francis, mortally wounded, 80 Allies: situation in spring of 1918, 59 -61; achieve unity of command, 60. See also British; French; Italians Alsace-Lorraine, German evacuation of, 163 Amade, General Albert G. L. d', 29, 29n Ambulance company, function of, 16n American forces, see A.E.F.; First American Army; Third American Army; various units Amiens, 60 Ammunition, transportation of, 36, 37, 41, 43, 46, 78, 95, 116, 118, 121, 144, 148; German losses in, 92, 124; quantities expended: in Baccarat sector, 43, in Aisne-Marne operations, 96, 97, 105, 109, in Meuse-Argonne operation, 147; duds, 107, 129. See also Artillery; Germans Ammunition train, function of, 16n Ancerviller, 47, 49, 51 Andernach, 175 Anderson, Anton R., aids wounded, 45; cited, 56 Argonne Forest, 135, 138, 149, 155 Arlon, 166 Armistice, declared, 160; terms of, 163. See also Peace propaganda Army corps, see Corps Army of Occupation, see Third American Army Arnaud, Lieutenant Leopold, 54; wounded, 55n; cited, 56 Arras, 79 Artillery, shortage of, in national guard. 5; place and function of, in combat division, 16n; training of, 24, 37; French: on Baccarat front, 41, 43, 48, 51, 54, 55, on Champagne front, 65, 70, 71, 79, 83, in Aisne-Marne offensive, 93, in St. Mihiel offensive, 119; German: on Baccarat front, 44, 48, 50, on Champagne front, 71, 72, in Aisne-Marne offensive, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 105, 107, 108, in St. Mihiel offensive, 126, 128, 132, in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 141, 148, 151, 155. See also Ammunition; Emmet Light Artillery; First Battery of Light Artillery; First Minnesota Field Artillery; Forty-second Division; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; Sixtyseventh Field Artillery Brigade; Squadron of Mounted Troops; other units; various battles Athletics, 29, 174 Audun-le-Roman, 165 Austrians, in German army, 91 Autigny-la-Tour, 115 411 412 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Aviators, activity of enemy: in Baccarat sector, 36, 38, 42, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, on Champagne front, 63, 69, 70, 77, 79, during Aisne-Marne offensive, 94, 96, 98, 105, 107, 108, in St. Mihiel salient, 128, 130, during Meuse-Argonne offensive, 141, 146, 151, 154, 156; activity of American and French: in Baccarat sector, 36, on Champagne front, 74, during AisneMarne offensive, 98, during MeuseArgonne offensive, 141, 146, 151 Avocourt, 138, 139, 142 Baccarat, French village, 32n, 34, 35, 39, 40, 46, 48, 57; destruction wrought by shells, 33; funeral services at, 40; Memorial Day exercises, 55 Baccarat sector, 62, 152, 185; location, 32n; 151st Field Artillery transferred to, 31-34, 35; disposition of troops in, 34, 35, 47, 52; preparation of regimental positions, 36, 48, 52; fighting in, 36, 38, 40-43, 44, 46, 48-50, 50-52, 53-55, 185; training received by regiment in, 34, 37, 62; temporary withdrawal of 42nd Division, 46; return into line, 47; German units in, 53; 42nd Division leaves sector, 55; summary of casualties, 56; citations for bravery, 56. See also Artillery; Aviators; Casualties; Luneville sector Badonviller, 36, 38, 41, 48, 50; shelled, 41, 55; 2nd Battalion headquarters, 42 Baker, Lieutenant Herbert E., wounded, 154n Ballou, Ralph A., wounded, 80n Band, of 151st Field Artillery, arrives in France, 24; gives concerts, 29, 30n, 53, 160, 174, 175, 180; retreats from Suippes, 78; confiscates German instruments, 126; factor in maintaining morale, 175; leader, 175; in home-coming parade, 188 Bar River, 157 Barber, Harold M., death and burial, 25, 25n Barber, Captain Hugh H., gassed, 43; wounded and evacuated home, 79, 184; welcomes returning regiment. 184; awarded Croix de Guerre, 184 Barker, Beryl M., wounded, 80n Battery A, 1st Battalion of Artillery (lst Battery of Light Artillery; Battery A, 1st Battalion of Mounted Troops), organization and growth, 2; called out against Chippewa, 3; becomes Battery A, 1st Field Artillery, 5 Battery A, 151st Field Artillery (Battery A, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), 5; wins trophy, 11; delivers first fire in France, 27; excels in competitive drills, 27; in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 45, 48; on Champagne front, 66, 77, 78; in Battle of the Vesle, 103, 106; in St. Mihiel salient, 122, 130. See also Casualties; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross; First Battalion; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Battery B, 1st Battalion of Artillery (2nd Battery, 1st Battalion of Mounted Troops; Battery B, 1st Batlion of Mounted Troops) organization, 2; called out against Chippewa, 3; becomes Battery D, 1st Field Artillery, 5 Battery B, 151st Field Artillery (Battery B, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), organized, 5; strength in 1916, 7; reorganized, 8n; in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 44, 45, 48; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Vesle, 103, 106; in St. Mihiel salient, 120, 122. See also Casualties; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross; First Battalion; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Battery C, 151st Field Artillery (Battery C, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), organized, 4; strength in 19i6, 7; in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 38, 44, 45, 48, 54; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Vesle, 103; in St. Mihiel salient, 122. See also Casualties; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross; First Battalion; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Battery D, 151st Field Artillery (Battery D, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), 5; on Mexican border, 9; on guard duty in state, 12; positions in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 48; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Vesle, 103; in St. Mihiel sector, 123, 124. See also Casualties; Croix de Guerre; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; Second Battalion Battery E, 151st Field Artillery (Battery E, 1st Minnesota Field Artil INDEX 413 lery), organized, 5; on Mexican border, 9; on guard duty in state, 12; delivers first fire in France, 27; positions in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 48, 52; on Champagne front, 66, 70, 72, 76; in Battle of the Vesle, 103, 108; in St. Mihiel salient, 123, 124. See also Casualties; Croix de Guerre; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; Second Battalion Battery F, 151st Field Artillery (Battery F, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), organized, 5; border service, 10; cited, 11; in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 41, 44, 48; on Champagne front, 66, 70, 79; in Battle of the Vesle, 103; in St. Mihiel salient, 124. See also Casualties; Distinguished Service Cross; First Minnesota Field Artilery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; Second Battalion Battle of the Marne, first, 32, 33, 64; second, see Aisne-Marne offensive Battle of the Ourcq, see Aisne-Marne offensive Battle of the Vesle, see Aisne-Marne offensive Baulny, 142 Bazoches, 104, 105 Beau-Menil Ferme, 159n Beaufort, 166 Becker, Nicholas, wounded, 54n Bednar, John A., awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n Belgian Relief Commission, 126 Belgium, German evacuation of, 163; crossed by 151st Field Artillery, 166, 186 Belle Isle, 23 Belleau Wood, capture of, 61n Bellows, Lieutenant Colonel Henry A., 192 Beney, captured, 125; regimental post of command, 129 Benjamin, George, accidentally killed, 28 Bennet, Captain Carl C., 2, 3 Benson, Charles J., wounded, 80n Berdorf, 166 Bernstorff, Count Johann H. von, German ambassador, 12 Beuvardes, 90, 91, 95, 97 "Big Sap B," see Bordeaux Bingen, 172 Birmingham, first meeting place of Rainbow Veterans' Association, 176 Bitburg, 169 Bliss, Major General Tasker H., 20 Bloomster, Fred H., death, 176 Bodine, Elmer C., wounded, 100n Bois Brilel, 95, 97 Bois Colas, 95, 111 Bois de Bourgoyne, 155 Bois de BrocouTt, 138 Bois de Hazois, 143 Bois de la Hazelle, 122 Bois de la Pisotte, 100 Bois de la Tournelle, 112 Bois de Romagne, 143, 144, 145 Bois des Chiens, 51 Bois de Valoup, 140 Bonham, George L., 77 Bonn, 171, 174 Booma, Lieutenant Frank, killed, 80 Booth, General Ewing E., 106 Bordeaux, regimental post of command, 70, 70n, 76 Bouillonville, 126 Box barrage, defined, 38n Bradley, Lieutenant Charles J., 29 Brandenburg, William F., awarded Croix de Guerre, 44; cited, 56 Bremenil, 49, 55 Brest, port of embarkation, 181, 182 Brest-Litovsk, treaty of, 59 Brieulles, 157 Briey, 165 Briey iron basin, 117, 118 Brigade, defined, 16n. See also Eightythird and Eighty-fourth infantry brigades; Sixty-seventh Field Artillery Brigade British, defeated in Flanders and Picardy, 59, 60; assigned task in MeuseArgonne offensive, 135, 136; occupy Cologne, 163. See also Allies; Haig, Sir Douglas Brockenbrough, Lieutenant Henry W., 175n Broutin, Lieutenant Colonel Desire R. G., 83 Brown, Lieutenant Edward M., 175n Brownsville, 8, 9 Bruch, 167 Bruges, 50 Buck, Carpenter F., aids wounded, 45; cited, 56 Buckley, Walter H., accidentally killed, 28 Bullard, Major General Robert L., 104n Bulligny, 116 Bulson-Haraucourt road, 159n Bunger, Harold A., 175n Bunger, Reverend Warren L., 81 Burnquist, Governor Joseph A. A., orders mobilization of troops for guard duty, 12; reviews troops at 414 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Fort Snelling, 18; notified of arrival of first Minnesota troops in France, 23n; welcomes returning regiment, 184; in home-coming parade, 188; receives regimental colors on behalf of state, 191 Buzancy, 151, 164 Byers, John L., wounded, 80n California, troops from, 17 Cambrai, 50 Camp 3/5, 66, 72, 81 Camp Bobleter, 7 Camp Coetquidan, training center, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 32, 34, 46, 185 Camp Dodge, demobilization camp, 185, 190 Camp Llano Grande, 8 Camp Merritt, 184 Canada, troops from, 407 Camp Mills, concentration camp, 16, 19 Cantigny, 33, 177 Caporetto, Italian defeat at, 59 Carignan, 135 Carlson, Grover, cited, 56 Carrizal, 9 Cass Lake, 3 Cassidy, Captain W. J., 175n Casualties: accidentally wounded, 28, 56; wounded or gassed in action: in Headquarters Company, 100n, 109, 152, in Medical Corps, 38, 54n, 154n, in Supply Company, 78, in Battery A, 77, 87, 100n, 109, 148, 154, 154n, in Battery B, 44, 54n, 55n, 80, 80n, 97, 100n, 129, 148, 152, 154, 154n, in Battery C, 38, 40, 41n, 54n, 55n, 77, 80n, 94, 148, 154, 154n, in Battery D, 43, 97, 100n, 129, 154, 154n, in Battery E, 41, 72, 80n, 129, 151, 154, 156, in Battery F, 44, 80, 80n, 94, 129, 148, 152, 154, 158n, officers not attached to batteries, 79, 122, 154n, total, 407; accidentally killed, 28, 56, 407; killed or fatally wounded in action: in Headquarters Company, 109, in Medical Corps, 39, 52, 109, in Battery A, 80, 94, 152, in Battery B, 54n, 80, 97, in Battery C, 40, 41n, 154, in Battery D, 151, 154, in Battery E, 72, 72n, 79, in Battery F, 151, 156, total, 407; died of disease: in Headquarters Company, 56, 176, in Supply Company, 176, in Battery A, 176, in Battery B, 176, in Battery C, 28, 41n, 176, in Battery D, 25, 152, in Battery E, 28, in Battery F, 80n, 152; others, 176, total number in regiment, 407; in Baccarat sector, 38, 39, 40, 41n, 43, 44, 45, 49, 52, 54, 54n, 55n, 56; on Champagne front, 72, 72n, 73n, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 80n, 81; during AisneMarne offensive, 85, 87, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97, 100n, 106, 107, 109, 111; in St. Mihiel salient, 122n, 124, 125, 129; during Meuse-Argonne operation, 141, 143, 148, 151, 152, 154, 154n, 156; in Germany, 176; among German troops, 71, 82, 91, 100, 102, 103, 112, 126, 127, 142, 143 Cavalry, French, 105. See also First Troop of Cavalry; Tenth United States Cavalry Cave, Hubert, 175n Chalons, 162 Chalons-sur-Marne, 62, 64, 71; enemy objective, 82; shelled, 85 Chalons-Vouziers road, 64, 65, 66 Champagne defensive: arrival of 151st Field Artillery on battle front, 62; description of sector, 64; plan of battle and disposition of troops, 65 -68, 69, 70, 87, 88; regimental positions, 65, 66, 70, 82n; preparation for attack, 69, 70; French anticipate enemy attack, 71; Germans attack, 71, 72; description of battle, 73-79; results, 82, 113; services of 151st Field Artillery praised, 83, 185; withdrawal of 42nd Division, 84; regiment shelled, 84; German raids, 85. See also Aviators; Casualties; Fortysecond Division Charmes, 57 Charpentry, 142 Chartreuve Ferme, 103, 105, 107, 108 Chasseurs, French battalion of, 54 Chateau St. Benoit, 124, 129 Chateau-Thierry, 33, 61n, 71n, 82, 85, 86, 89, 104, 126, 152, 177; 42nd Division ordered to, 84; arrival of 151st Field Artillery at, 85; description of salient, 86; effects of German occupancy, 87; German retreat from salient, see Aisne-Marne offensive Chaumont, 31n, 32, 113 Chemin des Dames, 60 Cheppy, 142 Chery-Chartreuve, 103 Chilstrom, Telford, wounded, 154n Chippewa Indians, uprising of, 3 Christianson, Oscar C., 175n Christie, John S., killed, 154 Christmas celebrations, 29, 173 Cierges, 139, 141 INDEX 415 Citations, 56, 78, 109, 407. See also Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross Clefmont, 113, 115 Clements, Frank N., wounded, 78 Coblenz, 163, 169, 171, 172 Coblenz Opera Company, 174 Cochem, 169 Cocherel, 86 Coetquidan, see Camp Coetquidan Coleman, Joseph A., 108 Coleman, Captain Lewis C., wounded, 72, 80; awarded Croix de Guerre, 80 Collins, Lee R., killed, 94, 109 Collins, Louis, arrival in France, 30n Cologne, 163 Colorado, troops from, 17 Columbus, New Mexico, attacked by Villa, 5 Combat division, composition of, 16n Combres, 132 Communication, 46, 76, 78 Conflans, 132 Connolly, William J., 175n Corbett, Lieutenant Hamilton F., wounded, 94 Cornay, 139 Corps, defined, 34n. See also individual corps C6te de Chatillon, 146, 154; described, 143, 149; struggle for, 145-150; captured, 149, 150, 162, 164 Courtisols, 62 Covington, steamship, 24 Cressy, William, 115n Croix de Guerre, awards of: to members of Headquarters Company, 77, 80, 177; of Medical Corps, 39, 40, 52; of Battery A, 77, 80; of Battery B, 44, 80; of Battery C, 40, 41n, 77, 80; of Battery D, 184; of Battery E, 80; total number to members of regiment, 407; to French regiment, 79; to Colonel Leach, 83 Crowell, Benedict, acting secretary of war, 190 Cullum, Norman E., 44 Cunel, 139 Curtiss, Ira M., wounded, 54n Daeley, Daniel M., 175n D'Amade, General Albert G. L., see Amade, General Albert G. L. d' Dampvitoux, 130 Danielson, Charles, wounded, 38 Davis, Lieutenant Harry V., wounded, 154n De Bohome, see Salient de Bohome Decoration Day, see Memorial Day Deer River, 3 De Kalb, steamship, 23 De la Giclais, Lieutenant Magon, 39 Deliz, James, wounded, 154n Densborn, 169 Des Moines, demobilization of regiment at, 190 Devore, Joseph W., killed in action, 79; buried, 81 Dickman, Major General Joseph T., commands 4th Corps, 119; issues summary of St. Mihiel operation, 132; receives congratulations, 133; commands Third American Army, 163 Dinon, Ruby M., wounded, 109 Disease, deaths resulting from, see Casualties Distinguished Service Cross, awards of: to members of Medical Corps, 39, 40, 52, 129; of Battery A, 77, 79, 154; of Battery B, 79; of Battery C, 40, 77, 79; of Battery F, 129; to regimental officers not attached to above units, 40, 116, 153n; total number to members of regiment, 407; to members of 42nd Division, 116 Distinguished Service Medal, awarded, 407 District of Columbia, troops from, 17 Division, composition of, 16n Division headquarters, defined, 16n Divisional citations, see Citations D6le, 108 Dombasle, 34 Domremy, 115 Donahue, Colonel William H., arrives in France, 23n; in Baccarat sector, 36, 39; meets returning regiment, 183 Driscoll, Lawrence J., 77 Diimpelfeld, 169 Dunstan, Oliver, wounded, 129 Dun-sur-Meuse, 165 Duport, General Pierre G., cites 42nd Division, 56 Easter Day, 183 Echelon, defined, 35n Echternach, 168 Ecurey, 165 Edwards, Paul B., wounded, 154n Eighteenth Field Artillery, 119 Eighth French Army, 47, 152 Eighth Infantry Brigade, 101 Eighth Landwehr Division, 153 Eighty-eighth (German) Infantry Division, 82n Eighty-fourth Infantry Brigade, 164; composition, 17; on Champagne front, 416 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY 65; in Aisne-Marne offensive, 90, 93, 97; in St. Mihiel salient, 119, 121; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 145 -149, 158; struggle for the C6te de Chitillon, 148, 149. See also Fortysecond Division; One Hundred and Fifty-first Machine Gun Battalion; One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry; One Hundred and Sixtyseventh Infantry Eighty-ninth Division, on St. Mihiel front, 119, 128,.relieved, 137; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 155; included in Army of Occupation, 163 Eighty-second Division, 145, 146 Eighty-third Infantry Brigade, composition, 17; on Champagne front, 65; in Battle of the Ourcq, 93, 97; in St. Mihiel salient, 119; in MeuseArgonne offensive, 145, 146, 148, 151. See also Forty-second Division; One Hundred and Fiftieth Machine Gun Battalion; One Hundred and Sixtyfifth Infantry; One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Infantry Elks' Glee Club, Minneapolis, sends Christmas gifts to regiment, 173 Ells, James F., 183 Elmore, Lieutenant Earl P., wounded, 122 Emmet Light Artillery, organization and growth, 1; merged with 1st Battery of Light Artillery, 2 Engineer regiment, function of, 16n Engineer train, function of, 16n English, see British Epernay, enemy objective, 82, 82n Epieds, 89, 91, 96 Erickson, Oscar, wounded, 129 Escadrille 72, 49 Esperance sector, disposition of troops in, 64, 66, 67. See also Champagne defensive Essey, 119, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127; captured, 122; regimental post of command, 123 Etang d'Afrique, 124 Ethe, 166 Exermont, 142; regimental post of command, 143; shelled, 146; aerial activity near, 151; battery positions near. 153 Eye, Troy R., wounded, 154n Faribault Guards, 1 Fenneviller road, 44 Ferch, Captain George C., 149 Fere-en-Tardenois, 109 Fere-en-Tardenois-Le Charmel road, 95 Field artillery, see Artillery Field artillery brigade, defined, 16n Field hospital company, function of, 16n Field signal battalion, function of, 16n Fifteenth Ersatz Foot Artillery Battalion, 153 Fifth Army Corps, 118, 155 Fifth Army Corps Reserve, 138n Fifth British Army, destroyed, 60 Fifth Division, 146, 163 Fifth Landwehr Division, 153 Fifty-eighth Infantry, 106 Fifty-first Field Artillery Brigade, 93 Fifty-second (German) Division, 152 First American Army, 148, 159; organization and composition, 117, 118; in St. Mihiel salient, 116, 117, 124, 128, 131, 132, 134, 152; in MeuseArgonne offensive, 134, 135, 136, 144, 153. See also A.E.F.; Artillery; Aviators; First Army Reserve; Pershing, General John J.; various units First Ammunition Train, 142n First Army Corps, 96, 99, 156; in Marne salient, 89, 90, 109, 110; praised, 110; in St. Mihiel salient, 118; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 145 First Army Reserve, 138n First Battalion, 151st Field Artillery (1st Battalion, 1st Field Artillery), strength in 1916, 7; on Mexican border, 8; at Fort Snelling, 14, 18; departure for overseas, 18; arrival at Camp Mills, 19; in Baccarat sector: positions, 35, 36, 38, 48, 53, headquarters, 36, attacked, 41, withdrawal, 46, attack on Germans, 54; billeted in Portieux, 57; on Champagne front, 66, 69, 70; in Battle of the Ourcq, 102; in Battle of the Vesle, 102, 103, 107; on St. Mihiel front, 123, 124; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 141; organizes position after advance to Sedan, 159. See also Batteries A, B, and C; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery First Battalion of Artillery (1st Battalion of Mounted Troops), 2, 3, 4 First Battery of Light Artillery, 2 First Battle of the Marne, 32, 33, 64 First Corps, see First Army Corps First Division, arrives in France, 15; in Marne salient, 62, 88; praised by Pershing, 110; in St. Mihiel salient, 119, 124; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 140, 142, 143; advance to Se INDEX 417 dan, 158, 159n; included in Army of Occupation, 163; advance to the Rhine, 165, 169 First Field Artillery, see First Minnesota Field Artillery First Field Artillery Brigade, 142n First Guard Division, 152 First Illinois Field Artillery, see One Hundred and Forty-ninth Field Artillery First Minnesota Field Artillery, origin, 1; organization as regiment, 4; strength in 19i6, 5; in 1917, 7; border service, 6-11, 18; early organization, 8; tribute paid to, 11, 18; hardships suffered after Mexican service, 12; on state guard duty, 12, 13n; discharged from state duty, 13, 13n; called into federal service, 1917, 14, 15. See also Batteries A, B, C, D, E, and F; First Battalion; National Guard; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; Second Battalion First Minnesota Infantry, border service, 6; state guard duty, 12, 13 First Moroccan Division, 88 First Troop of Cavalry, organized, 2; disbanded, 3 Fismes, 89, 95, 104 Flagler, Major General Clement A. F., 166; becomes commander of 42nd Division, 164; reviews regiment and division, 173; praises division, 185 Flanders, fighting in, 59, 60 Florida, Charles C., wounded, 109 Foch, Marshal Ferdinand, 66, 167; made commander-in-chief of allied forces, 60; plans attack at ChateauThierry, 84; plans crossing of Vesle River, 104; assents to organization of American army, 117; plans MeuseArgonne drive, 128, 134, 135; congratulates Pershing, 133; quoted, 148 Fontainebleau, 32 Foret d' Argonne, see Argonne Forest Foret de Fere, 94; location, 90, 91, 92; position of 151st Field Artillery in, -90; bombed, 96, 97 Foret de la Reine, 115 Foret de Nesles, 96, 97, 98, 99 Fort Riley, 2nd Battalion at, 14, 18, 19 Fort Sill, 191n Fort Snelling, 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 18, 19 Fortieth (German) Division, 152 Forty-first (French) Division, 34, 34n Forty-first (German) Division, 152 Forty-second (Rainbow) Division, organized, 15-18; composition, 17; con centrated, 19; embarks for overseas, 20, 152; appointment of commanders, 20, 30, 164; reviewed, 20, 173, 176 -179; training, 24, 31, 31n, 34; arrival in France, 25n; ordered to the front, 31; in Luneville sector, 34, 41, 116, 152, 185, temporarily withdrawn, 46, return to sector, 47, 48n; departure from sector, 55, 56; quartered in villages of Moselle valley, 57; on Champagne front, 62, 64, 65, 65n, 73, 117, 152; ordered to Chiteau-Thierry, 84; in Aisne-Marne offensive, 89, 90, 92, 93-100, 101, 152, 162, 185, relieved, 100; moved back of Toul front, 113; in St. Mihiel salient, 115, 116, 119, 125, 128, 137, 161, 162, 185; award of Distinguished Service Cross to members of, 116; in MeuseArgonne offensive, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 152, 153, 154, 162, 186, struggle for the C6te de Chatillon, 145-150; in pursuit of Germans to Sedan, 156-159, 162, 186; relieved, 159; included in Army of Occupation, 163; advance to the Rhine, 165, 166, 169; transferred to 4th Corps, 169; on the Rhine: region occupied, 171, in athletic contests, 174, Rainbow Veterans' Association formed, 175; preparations for embarkation to United States, 180; citations and commendations, 56, 109, 110, 152, 161, 177, 185, 190; summaries of service, 152, 161 Four Hundred and Forty-ninth (German) Infantry, 49 Fourteenth (French) Division, in Luneville sector, 34, 34n Fourteenth Sturm Battalion, 153 Fourth Alabama Infantry, see One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Infantry Fourth Army, see Fourth French Army Fourth Army Corps, in St. Mihiel sector, 118, 119, 124, 132, 161; advance to the Rhine, 165, 166, 169; in athletic tournament, 175; 42nd Division detached from, 180 Fourth Division, in Marne salient, 62, 88; relieves 42nd Division at Ourcq River, 101; in pursuit of enemy to the Vesle, 103, 104, 105, 117, relieved, 108n; praised by Pershing, 110; included in Army of Occupation, 163; advance to the Rhine, 165; wins football contest, 174; loses basketball game, 175 Fourth French Army, holds Champagne front, 64, 66, 75, 87, 88, 116; assigned task in Meuse-Argonne of 418 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY fensive, 134, 135; attacks Kriemhilde Stellung, 153. See also Gouraud, General Henri J. E. Fourth Guard Division, 93, 94, 152, 153 Fourth Minenwerfer Battalion, 153 Fourth Minnesota Infantry, designated First Field Artillery, 192n France, arrival of first American troops in, 15; of first Minnesota troops, 23, 23n French, welcome 151st Field Artillery, 23, 24; attitude toward Americans, 23, 33, 182; assist in training American troops, 27, 34, 37; attitude of civilians toward war, 42; send reenforcements to British in Picardy and Flanders, 60; discouraged, 61; devise plan for defending Champagne front, 66, 68; assigned task in MeuseArgonne offensive, 134, 135; occupy Mainz, 163. See also Allies; Foch, General Ferdinand; Fourth French Army; Gouraud, General Henri J. E.; various units Gatley, Brigadier General George G., 87, 167 Gazette des Ardennes, 50 Gehrken, Walter, cited, 78 Gelacourt, 35 Georgia, troops from, 17 Germans, losses suffered by: in prisoners, 26, 53, 71, 95, 101, 103, 111, 112, 124, 125, 127, 130, 132, 147, 150, 152, 162, in men killed in battle, 71, 82, 91, 100, 102, 103, 112, 126, 127, 142, 143, in material, 71, 92, 97, 100, 103, 124, 125, 126, 150, 157, 162; drive in Picardy, 47, 60; units on the battle front, 49, 53, 75, 82n, 93, 94, 152, 153; circulate peace propaganda, 50, 130, 131, 147; situation in spring of 1918, 59; make peace with Russia, 59; attack in Flanders, 60; in region between Soissons and Rheims, 60; south of Montdidier, 61; in ChateauThierry region, 87; attitude toward America's entrance into war, 112; attitude toward Army of Occupation, 170, 180. See also Aisne-Marne offensive; Armistice; Army of Occupation; Austrians; Aviators; Baccarat sector; Champagne defensive; Hindenburg line; Hutier maneuver; Kriemhilde Stellung; Meuse-Argonne offensive; Occupation of Germany; St. Mihiel offensive; Third American Army Gesnes, 141 Getchell, Charles H., awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 129 Gibbons, Floyd, quoted, 8 Glenn Springs, Texas, Mexican raid at, 6 Gooler, Joe, wounded, 154n Gorgas, Major General William C., 20 Gorham, Major George T., 14 Gouraud, General Henri J. E., 64, 87, 160n; devises plan for defending Champagne front, 66, 73, 74; addresses officers, 68; issues secret order, 69; anticipates enemy attack, 71; praises Fourth French Army, 82; assigned task in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 134, 135. See also Fourth French Army Governor's Guards, 1 Grandes Armoises, 157 Grant, steamship, 21 Greaves, John, cited, 56 Grevenmacher, 169 Guer, 25, 31, 32 Guichard, Lieutenant Colonel M. J. A., French officer, 43, 44 Gunderson, Stanley H., cited, 56 Haig, Sir Douglas, issues appeal, 60; congratulates Pershing, 133; assigned task in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 135, 136. See also British Handy, Captain Thomas T., 122 Hanley, Clarence C., wounded, 100n Harricourt, 160; regimental post of Haraucourt-Menil road, 159n Harricourt, 160; regimental post of command, 156; departure of 151st Field Artillery from, 164 Harrington, Lieutenant William J., chaplain, 80 Haskins, Major John L., wounded, 52 Hassavant Ferme, 130 Hattonchatel, 130 Hawley, Colonel Jesse B., 2 Headquarters, defined, 16n Headquarters Company, 151st Field Artillery, 107; departure from Camp Coetquidan, 31; billeted in Portieux, 57; entrains for La Chaussee-surMarne, 58; on Champagne front, 78; in Battle of the Vesle, 108; marches into Harricourt, 160; enroute to Germany, 169; in home-coming parade, 188. See also Band; Casualties; Croix de Guerre; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Headquarters troop, defined, 16n Heavy field artillery, see Artillery INDEX 419 Heimersheim, occupied by 151st Field Artillery, 171 Henderson, Exa, wounded, 154n Henriot, Lieutenant A., French officer, 27 Heppingen, 169, 171 Hertling, George F. von, 113 Hill 2I2, 96, 100 Hill 242, 148, 164 Hill 258, 140 Hill 260, 149 Hill 286, 146 Hill 288, 146, 162, 164 Hillesheim, 169 Hindenburg line, 123, 129; described, 128, 136. See also Kriemhilde Stellung Hines, Major General John L., 167 Hodgson, Mayor Lawrence C., 184, 188 Hoffman, Henry J., awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 80 Home Folks' Association, 174 Honors, summary of, 407. See also Citations; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross Hospital company, see Field hospital company Hough, Colonel Benson W., quoted, 65n; first president Rainbow Veterans' Association, 176 Howalt, Axel N., fatally wounded, 97, 109 Howard, Charles, awarded war crosses, 80 Huin, Lieutenant Colonel G. J., French officer, 65, 70 Hungarians, in German army, 91 Huntington, United States transport, 182, 183 Hutier maneuver, 59; defined, 59n; resisted in Champagne, 66 Illinois, troops from, 17 Imecourt, 164 Indian Village, 53 Indiana, troops from, 17 Infantry, strength in national guard, 5; training schedule for, 24. See also various infantry units Infantry brigade, defined, 16n Inver Grove, welcomes returning regiment, 187 Iowa, troops from, 17, 99, 407 Italians, defeated at Caporetto, 59 Jacobson, Captain Alfred, French officer attached to 42nd Division, 94, 123, 153n; awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 153n Jacobson, O. P. B., 183 Jalma, Lieutenant Michael M., band leader, 175 Jaulgonne-Fere-en-Tardenois road, 89 Jenkins, Don A., 176n Johnson, Lieutenant Colonel Gates A., 188 Johnson, Hanning G., wounded, 80; awarded war crosses, 80 Johnson, Herman, death, 176 Jylha, Carl, 175n Kansas, troops from, 17 Kauth, Charles E., wounded, 129 Kellogg, Captain -, 182, 183 Kellogg, Senator Frank B., 183 Kelly, Eugene R., 55n Kelly, James H., 175 Kenyon, 187 Kieffer, Samuel S., death, 176 Kimball, Eben J., cited, 56 King, Joseph W., death, 176 Kletzky, Frank, wounded, 80n Kraft, Emil F., wounded, 38; death, 40 Kriemhilde Stellung, 143, 144, 147, 153; described, 136; penetrated, 148, 149, 162. See also Hindenburg line; Meuse-Argonne offensive Krompasky, Edward J., awarded Croix de Guerre, 177 Kyllbur,g, 169 La Berliere, 157 La Chauss6e-sur-Marne, 58, 62 La Croix Rouge Ferme, 90 La Fauche, training center, 31n La Forge Ferme, 159n Laidlaw, William, death, 56 Lambert, Colonel George C., 4, 5, 8, 188 Landres-et-St. Georges, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 162, 164, 186 Lang, Lester M., wounded, 80n Langley, 57 Langres, 24, 31n Languell, Samuel E., wounded, 129 La Riviere, Colonel Adolphe E. E., 34 Larson, Captain Henry, 3 Last Man's Club, organized, 155 La Tuilerie Ferme, 147, 148, 162 Leach, Colonel George E., 26, 43, 44, 56, 68, 123, 145, 173, 174, 191; national guard service, 8, 8n; keeps war diary, 19n; describes transatlantic voyage, 20-23; gives address at funeral services, 40; describes reprisal fire, 48n; composition of command: in Baccarat sector, 48, 51, 55, on Champagne front, 65, 79, in Marne salient, 93, in St. Mihiel salient, 119; describes bat 420 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY tie in Champagne, 74; awarded Croix de Guerre and Distinguished Service Cross, 83, 116; describes battle in St. Mihiel salient, 125; in MeuseArgonne area, 141, 150; receives letter praising regiment, 164; comments on attitude of Luxemburgers toward Army of Occupation, 167n; service in Germany: judicial duty, 171, entertains officers, 174, elected first treasurer Rainbow Veterans' Association, 176, receives resolution of appreciation from German burgomaster, 181; awarded cross of Legion of Honor, 182; in home-coming parade, 188, 189; discharged, 191, 191n; at Fort Sill, 191n. See also First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery LeBoutillier, Lieutenant Martin, wounded, 154n Le Charmel, 90 Lee, Harold J., mortally wounded, 79 Lee, Thomas C., death, 176 Leech Lake, Chippewa uprising at, 3 Legion of Honor, cross of, awarded, 182, 407 Lens, 50, 60 Leseman, Floyd R., awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n Les Eparges, 128 Les Petites Armoises, 157 Les Pres Ferme, 106, 107 Lexington, government tug, 184 Libbey, General Elias D., 3, 4, 188 Liggett, Major General Hunter, 99, 109 Light field artillery, see Artillery Lindell, Edwin L., awarded Croix de Guerre, 77 Litzinger, Joseph R., quoted, 167n Lizy, 86 Lohrsdorf, 173 Long Island, camp on, see Camp Mills Longwy, 165 Lorentzweiler, 168 Lorenz, Grant W., mortally wounded, 109 Lorraine, 25, 62; engagements in, see Baccarat sector; Luneville sector Losses, see Casualties; Germans; Statistics Louisiana, troops from, 16, 17, 407 Loupmont, 117 Lund, Harold, wounded, 100n Luneville, French town, headquarters 42nd Division, 34 Luneville sector, location, 32; description, 34; disposition of troops, 34; German units in, 53. See also Baccarat sector Luxemburg, city of, 166, 167 Luxembur,g, Duchy of, Germans evacuate, 163; crossed by troops of occupation, 166, 186; attitude toward allies, 167, 167n Maass, Paul G., wounded, 154n McArthur, C. Lloyd, killed, 151 MacArthur, Brigadier General Douglas, 99, 158, 159n; names Rainbow Division, 15; reviews division, 20; cited, 57, 124n; in temporary command of division, 162n, 164, 165 McCarthy, Charles, 174 MacCarthy, Cornelius M., captain of artillery unit, 1; state adjutant general, 2 McCauley, Captain Philip J., 38; awarded war crosses, 40 McCoy, Colonel Frank R., 111 McCoy, Lieutenant Howard W., 75, 111 McDonald, Lieutenant Colonel John H., 21, 42, 123; in Baccarat sector, 36, 42, 45; in Battle of the Vesle, 107; first president Minnesota branch of Rainbow Veterans' Association, 176; in home-coming parade, 188, 189 McDonough, Elmer J., killed, 40; awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n McGandy, Raymond E., awarded Croix de Guerre, 77, 80 McGaughren, Nicholas, awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n McGuinness, Captain John J., 3 McKinstry, Brigadier General Charles H., 43, 87; assumes command of 67th Field Artillery Brigade, 30 McLaughlin, Charles W., death, 41n; awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n MacLennan, Donald E., 183 McManus, Lieutenant John A., 107 McMillen, Burns R., 29 McPeak, Harvey A., wounded, 40; death 41n; awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n Madine River, 119, 161 Mainz, 163 Maizerais, 119, 122, 125 Malberg, 169 Mandres, 121, 127 Mann, Major General William A., 20, 30 Markoe, Captain Ralston J., 2 Marne River, 61, 88, 92. See also AisneMarne offensive; Battle of the Marne; Champagne defensive Martin, Otto S., wounded, 129 INDEX 421 Martz, Harry C., wounded, 54n Maryland, troops from, 17 Masterson, Maurice, wounded, 129; killed, 156 Matson, Colonel Frank 1M., 188 Mecklenberg Trench, 51 Medical Corps, see Casualties; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross Memorial Day, 55 Menil, 46, 47 Menoher, Major General Charles T., 99, 109; assumes command of 42nd Division, 30; cited in French order, 57; on St. Mihiel front, 119; quoted, 147; relieved of command of division, 161, 162n, 164; praises division, 161 Merviller, 43, 46 Metz, 117, 118, 128, 131, 135, 136, 152 Metzger, Leopold, 183 Meurcy Ferme, 102, 103, 111; location, 92; objective of 83rd Infantry Brigade, 93; captured, 95, 96; enemy attempts to regain, 96, 97 Meuse-Argonne offensive, 152; preparations for, 129, 134, 136n; description of front, 134, 135, 136, 138, 143; purpose of drive, 135; difficulties, 135; first phase, 136; second phase, 138-153; final phase, 153-160; results, 150, 162; services of 42nd Division, 162; of 151st Field Artillery, 186. See also Casualties; First American Army; Forty-second Division Meuse River, 117, 135, 149, 155, 158, 162, 165 Mexico, difficulties with, 5-11 Mezieres, 117, 135, 136 Michigan, troops from, 17 Mign6ville, 1st Battalion headquarters, 36; post of command, 45; shelled, 45 " Mile of Smiles," film shown in Germany, 174 Military police, see Train headquarters and military police Mineola, camp at, see Camp Mills Minneapolis, military units at, 1, 2, 3, 5; welcomes returning regiment, 190. See also Elks' Club Minneapolis Journal, sponsors benefit performance, 29 Minneapolis Light Infantry, 1 Minnesota national guard, early organization, 1, 2; federalized, 14. See also Mobilization; various units Minnesota Public Safety Commission, 13 Missouri, troops from, 17 Mitchell, Colonel William D., 188 Mobilization, of 1st Field Artillery, 7, 14; of itroops throughout United States, 14, 15 Mompach, 166 Montdidier, 61 Montfaucon, 135, 138, 139, 186; observation post, 138, 139; regimental post of command, 139; shelled, 141 Montmedy, 151st Field Artillery at, 165 Montsec, 117 Morgan, George P., wounded, 54n, 77; awarded war crosses, 77, 80 Moroccan troops, 55, 88 Moselle River, 57 Mouzon, 165 Muff, Walter, wounded, 54n, 154n Muir, Major General Charles H., 169 Mullen, Adjutant General John H., 2 Mullins, Lieutenant Frederic P., wounded, 154 Munschecker, 166 Murphrey, Jack, wounded, 156 Murphy, Colonel William J., 188 Myers, Arthur A., 175 Nancy, 117 National guard, condition of, 5, 7, 8, 10; called out against Mexicans, 6, 9; called into federal service for World War, 14, 19; organized in tactical divisions, 15. See also Minnesota national guard; various national guard units Nativity, of members of regiment, 407 Naulin, General Stanislas, French general, 64, 68 Nebraska, troops from, 17 Nelson, Lester N., death, 56 Nelson, Paul 0., wounded, 80n Nelson, Walter G., wounded, 54n Nesles, 92, 93 Neuenahr, 171, 174, 175 Neufchateau, 32, 115 Neuf-Maisons, regimental post of command, 48; regimental headquarters, 52; band stationed in, 53 Neuviller, 38 New England, troops in World War, see Twenty-sixth Division New Jersey, troops from, 17 New Ulm, military units at, 1 New York state, artillery regiments of, 5; troops from, 17, 407 Nichols, Louis B., death, 80n Niederstaden, 169 Ninetieth Division, 163, 166 422 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Ninety-seventh Labor Battalion (German), 153 Ninety-sixth (German) Division, 53, 152 No Man's Land, 67, 123, 126, 130, 131, 136, 139 Nohn, 169 North Carolina, troops from, 17 North Dakota, troops from, 407 North Sea, 134 Noyon, 61 O'Brien, Captain Thomas D., 2 Observation posts, 50, 98, 99, 129, 130, 138, 139, 149 Occupation of Germany, territory occupied: by allied troops, 163, by 42nd Division, 171; instructions governing relations with Germans, 166; attitude of Germans, 170, 180; administration of government, 171. See also Third American Army Ochus, Mike, wounded, 154n Ohio, troops from, 17, 99 Oklahoma, troops from, 17 Old Point Comfort, 19 Olson, John B., cited, 56 One Hundred and Fiftieth Field Artillery, included in 42nd Division, 17; in Luneville sector, 34n; in Marne salient, 93; in St. Mihiel salient, 120. See also Forty-second Division; Sixty-seventh Field Artillery Brigade One Hundred and Fiftieth Machine Gun Battalion, 17 One Hundred and Fifty-first (1st Minnesota) Field Artillery, early history, see First Minnesota Field Artillery; federalized, 15; strength, 15; assigned to 42nd Division, 17, 18; reviewed, 18, 167, 173, 177-180; at Camp Mills, 19; personnel, 20, 407; journey to France, 20-23, 24; training at Camp Coetquidan, 24-30; entertains war orphans, 30; leaves Camp Coetquidan for the front, 31 -33; on the Lorraine front, see Baccarat sector; first casualties in battle, 38, 39; billeted in towns of Moselle valley, 57; arrives at La Chausseesur-Marne, 58; on the Champagne front, see Champagne defensive; journey to Chateau-Thierry, 84-87; participates in fighting near ChateauThierry, see Aisne-Marne offensive; moves to Toul region, 113; to St. Mihiel salient, 115, 116; participates in battle, see St. Mihiel offensive; march to the Meuse, 137; participates in battle, see Meuse-Argonne offensive; organizes Last Man's Club, 155; in the advance to Sedan, 156-158; organizes position, 159; relieved, 160; included in Army of Occupation, 163; march to the Rhine, 164-169, 170, 186; receives instructions governing relations with Germans, 166; in occupied territory: region occupied, 171, activities, 172-176, reviews, 167, 173, 177-180; leaves Germany, 180, 181; embarks for United States, 182; arrival, 183-185; trip to St. Paul, 186 -188; home-coming parade, 188-190; demobilization, 185, 191; colors presented to state, 191; attempts to reorganize, 191n; post-war status, 191n; tributes and citations, 20, 28, 164, 185. See also Artillery; Band; Batteries A, B, C, D, E, and F; Casualties; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross; First Battalion; First Minnesota Field Artillery; Fortysecond Division; Headquarters Company; Observation posts; Posts of command; Recreation; Second Battalion; Sixty-seventh Field Artillery Brigade; Statistics; Supply Company One Hundred and Fifty-first Machine Gun Battalion, 17, 175 One Hundred and Forty-ninth (1st Illinois) Field Artillery, included in 42nd Division, 17; in Luneville sector, 34n; in Marne salient, 93; in St. Mihiel salient, 119 One Hundred and Forty-ninth Machine Gun Battalion, 17, 145 One Hundred and Ninety-fifth (German) Division, 152 One Hundred and Ninety-second (German) Division, 152 One Hundred and Seventeenth Ammunition Train, 100; included in 42nd Division, 17; training in France, 24; withdrawn from the Vesle, 113 One Hundred and Seventeenth Engineer Regiment, included in 42nd Division, 17; participates in Battle of the Ourcq, 100; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 145, 157 One Hundred and Seventeenth Engineer Train, 17 One Hundred and Seventeenth Field Artillery, 142 One Hundred and Seventeenth Field Signal Battalion, 17 One Hundred and Seventeenth Sanitary Train, 17 INDEX 423 One Hundred and Seventeenth Supply Train, 17 One Hundred and Seventeenth Train Headquarters and Military Police, 17 One Hundred and Seventeenth Trench Mortar Battery, included in 42nd Division, 17; training, 24; in Baccarat sector, 34; on Champagne front, 75 One Hundred and Seventieth (French) Division, 64, 65, 66 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Ambulance Company, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Field Hospital, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth (3rd Iowa) Infantry, 81; included in 42nd Division, 17; on Baccarat front, 34, 38, 54; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Ourcq, 93, 97; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 159n One Hundred and Sixty-fifth Ambulance Company, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-fifth (69th New York) Infantry, in Luneville sector, 34n; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Ourcq, 93, 94, 97, 111; reviewed by Pershing, 116; enters Sedan, 160n; on the Rhine, 175 One Hundred and Sixty-fourth (French) Division, 34, 34n, 90 One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Ambulance Company, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-seventh Field Hospital, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-seventh (French) Division, 89, 90 One Hundred and Sixty-seventh (4th Alabama) Infantry, included in 42nd Division, 17; in Baccarat sector, 34; on Champagne front, 66; in Battle of the Ourcq, 93, 94 One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Ambulance Company, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Field Hospital, 17 One Hundred and Sixty-sixth (4th Ohio) Infantry, included in 42nd Division, 17; in Luneville sector, 34n, 51, 53; on the Champagne front, 65n, 66; in Battle of the Ourcq, 93; in occupied territory, 176; demobilization, 185 One Hundred and Twenty-eighth (French) Division, 34, 34n, 47 One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Infantry, 140, 141 One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infantry, 140 Oregon, troops from, 17 Ostend, 50 Ourcq, Battle of the, see Aisne-Marne offensive Palast Hotel, 174, 180 Palo Alto, 9 Pannes, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 137; regimental post of command, 129 Paris, 61, 88, 134 Paris-Metz road, 121 Parker, General James, 9 Parral, 6 Paul, Edward J., killed, 156 Paul, LeRoy, wounded, 54n Pautot, Captain Alfred H., commander 1st Battalion, 103, 107, 122; wounded, 154 Peace propaganda, launched by Germans, 50, 130, 131, 147. See also Armistice Pennsylvania, troops from, 17, 407 Pershing, General John J., Mexican border service, 6, 9, 10; arrives in France, 15; formulates plans for training of troops, 24; pays tribute to Sergeant Petersen, 39; visits wounded in Baccarat sector, 40; praises troops in Aisne-Marne offensive, 110; presents Distinguished Service Cross to members of 42nd Division, 116; organizes First American Army, 117; describes St. Mihiel salient, 117; receives congratulations, 133; congratulates 4th Corps, 133; assigned task in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 134, 135, 136; states purpose of drive, 135; issues order relative to drive, 144; quoted on Meuse-Argonne offensive, 150, 155; issues orders for attack on Kriemhilde Stellung, 153; reviews and addresses 42nd Division, 176 -179. See also First American Army Petain, General Henri P. B. 0., 66, 135 Petersen, Theodor, bravery, 38, 39; death, 39; honors, 39; burial, 40 Peterson, George W., death, 28 Petterson, Einar T., 175n Pettonville, 36 Pexonne, 36, 43, 44, 45, 52; 1st Battalion headquarters, 36, 48; 1st Battalion position, 48 Phillips, Ocea V., wounded, 77; awarded war crosses, 77 Picardy, 47, 60 Pillsbury, Governor John S., 1 Poincare, President Raymond, 165 Point Isabel, 9 424 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Polch, 172 Pont-a-Mousson, 128 Portieux, 57 Portuguese, in Flanders, 60 Posts of command, regimental, in Baccarat sector, 48; on Champagne front, 70; during Battle of the Ourcq, 95, 99; during Battle of the Vesle, 102, 103, 107; during St. Mihiel offensive, 121, 122, 123, 129; during MeuseArgonne offensive, 139, 143, 156, 160; number occupied by 42nd Division, 152 President Lincoln, steamship, carries 151st Field Artillery overseas, 20-23 President Washington, steamship, 183 Prisoners, see Germans Quinlan, Raymond F., awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n Rainbow Division, see Forty-second Division Rainbow Veterans' Association, 175 Ramsey Guards, 1 Raths, Otto N., reviews parade, 189 Raykman, Roy, awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 154 Reckingen, 166 Recourt, 138 Recreation: leaves of absence and trips, 20, 167, 172; entertainments and concerts, 22, 23, 29, 30, 30n, 53, 160, 174, 175, 180; athletics, 29, 174; Thanksgiving and Christmas Day celebrations, 29, 30, 167, 173 Recruiting, 7, 14, 18 Red Cross, 32 Reeves, Colonel -, 139 Regimental citations, see Citations Reid, George B., awarded war crosses, 77, 80 Reilly, Colonel Henry J., 119 Reisdorf, 166 Remagen, 172, 177 Rennes, 27, 29, 30 Reviews, see Forty-second Division; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Rheims, 60, 62, 82, 88, 89, 104 Rhinow, General Walter F., 10, 184 Riga, 59n RN, observation post, 50 Robb, Winfred E., chaplain, 81 Robinson, Major Noyes C., 188 Robison, John G., death, 176 Rolampont, training center, 31, 31n Romagne, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144 Rooney, James B., 176n Roosevelt, Quentin, grave of, 109 Rosenfield, Harry, killed, 109 Rosenwald, Lieutenant John P., awarded war crosses, 40; killed, 52 Rouen-Rheims road, 104, 105 Rubly, William J., missing in action, 72n Russia, makes peace, 59 Ste. Barbe, 46, 47 St. Baussant, 122, 123, 125 St. Benoit, captured, 125. See also Chateau St. Benoit St. Georges, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 162, 186 St. Maurice, 48 Ste. Menehould, 82n St. Mihiel offensive: description of salient, 117; plan of attack and disposition of troops, 118-120, 121; description of battle, 121-124, 125, 132; results, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 134, 152; withdrawal of troops, 128, 137; services of 151st Field Artillery, 134, 186; of 42nd Division, 161, 177. See also Casualties; First American Army; Forty-second Division St. Nazaire, 23, 25 St. Paul, military units at, 1, 2, 3, 5; welcomes returning regiment, 187 -190 St. Paul Athletic Club, 190 St. Paul Guards, 1 St. Paul Hotel, 190 Ste. P6le, 48, 49 St. Quentin, 60 St. Thibaut, 107 Salient, defined, 41 Salient de Bohome, 41 San Ygnacio, 6 Sandy Hook, 183 Sanitary train, function of, 16n Sanitation, in camps of 151st Field Artillery, 20, 28 Sauer River, 168 Schmahl, Julius A., secretary of state, welcomes returning regiment, 184 Second Battalion, 151st Field Artillery (2nd Battalion, 1st Minnesota Field Artillery), strength in I916, 7, in 19I7, 14; Mexican border service, 8; at Fort Riley, 14, 18, 19; at Camp Mills, 19; departure for overseas, 19; at Camp Coetquidan, 25; in Baccarat sector, 35, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49, 53, withdrawal, 46; billeted in Langley, 57; on Champagne front, 66, 75, 77; withdrawn from the Vesle River, 108; in St. Mihiel salient, 123, 124; INDEX 425 in the Meuse-Argonne offensive, 141, 159. See also Batteries D, E, and F; First Minnesota Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Second Battery of the 1st Battalion of Mounted Troops, see Battery B, 1st Battalion of Artillery Second Battle of the Marne, see AisneMarne offensive Second Division, captures Belleau Wood, 61n; at Chateau-Thierry, 61n, 62, 88; praised by Pershing, 110; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 153, 154, 155; included in Army of Occupation, 163; advance to the Rhine, 165. 169 Second (Canadian) Division, 174 Second (French) Colonial Corps, 118 Second Minnesota Infantry, border service, 6, 7, 10; federalized, 14n Sector, defined, 32n Sedan, 117, 135, 136, 150; pursuit to, 156-158, 159, 160, 162, 186. See also Meuse-Argonne offensive Seeley, Adjutant General Francis W., 2 Segonne, Brigadier General Etienne, 34; presents Croix de Guerre to wounded, 40; gives address, 40 Seicheprey, 119 Sergy, located, 92; struggle for, 93, 94, 96, 152 Seringes, 95, 96, 97, 102, 103; located, 92; objective of 83rd Infantry Brigade, 93; ruined,.102; regimental post of command, 102 Seringes-et-Nesles, captured, 152 Service of Supply, 180 Seventh (American) Army Corps, on the Rhine, 169 Seventh (French) Army Corps, in Baccarat sector, 34 Seventh (German) Infantry Division, 82n Seventieth Sound Ranging Troops (German), 153 Seventy-eighth Division, 157 Seventy-five-millimeter gun, described, 26 Seventy-seventh Division, in MeuseArgonne offensive, 146, 158, 159 Seventy-seventh (German) Reserve Division, 132, 153 Seventy-sixth Field Artillery, 139 Sharp, Lieutenant Joel H., wounded, 154 Shea, Captain H. J., 2 Sherman, Lloyd J., death, 28 Shugg, Major Roland P., 124, 130 Signal battalion, see Field signal battalion Sinzig, 172 Sipple, Alvin F., death, 176 Sixteenth Sharpshooter Machine Gun Battalion (German), 153 Sixth (Bavarian) Reserve Division, 93, 153 Sixth French Army, 104, 112 Sixth (French) Army Corps, 56 Sixth Minnesota Infantry, 188 Sixtieth (French) Field Artillery, on Champagne front, 65, 79; honors, 79 Sixty-second (French) Field Artillery, 70 Sixty-seventh Field Artillery Brigade, composition, 17; commanders, 21, 30, 87; training in France, 24-30; in Baccarat sector, 41; on Champagne front, 66; in Marne salient, 93, 100; in Battle of the Vesle, 104; withdrawn, 108, 113; in St. Mihiel salient, 120; enters Meuse-Argonne battle, 138; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 154, 156; advance to the Rhine, 164, 167. See also Forty-second Division; One Hundred and Fiftieth Field Artillery; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery; One Hundred and Forty-ninth Field Artillery; One Hundred iand Seventeenth Trench Mortar Battery Sixty-seventh Labor Battalion (German), 153 Smith, D. Wilbur, 29 Smith, Walter G., wounded, 38 Smith Park, 188 Soissons, 60, 61, 85, 88, 89, 104 Solsten, James A., wounded, 154n Sommerance, 139, 143, 144 Soper, Lieutenant John E., aids wounded, 45; cited, 56 Souain, French village, 64, 75 Souain sector, disposition of troops in, 64, 67. See also Champagne defensive South Carolina, troops from, 17 South St. Paul, welcomes returning regiment, 187 Squadron of Mounted Troops, organized, 2. See also First Battalion of Mounted Troops Statistics, relating to 151st Field Artillery, 407. See also Casualties; Citations; Croix de Guerre; Distinguished Service Cross Stellmacher, Edwin, death, 176 Stirling, Captain Yates, 22 426 HISTORY OF THE 151ST FIELD ARTILLERY Stutz, Lieutenant Colonel Frederick G., 188, 192 Submarines, 22, 23 Sugar Point, 3 Suippes, 63, 64, 65, 66, 72, 78, 82 Summerall, Brigadier General Charles P., 21, 21n, 22, 29, 30 Supply Company, 151st Field Artillery, leaves Charmes, 58; on Champagne front, 78; in Battle of the Vesle, 108; in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 142; in home-coming parade, 188. See also Casualties; One Hundred and Fifty-first Field Artillery Supply train, function of, 16n Swain, Russell S., wounded, 54n Swanson, Stanley, wounded, 158n Sy, 157 Syracuse, Tony, wounded, 80n Tangen, Warren A., wounded, 54n Tennessee, troops from, 17 Tenth (German) Division, 132, 152 Tenth Landwehr Division, 93, 153 Tenth United States Cavalry, 9 Terrell, Lieutenant Alexander W., wounded, 38, 39; awarded war crosses, 40 Texas, troops from, 16, 17 Thanksgiving Day, 29, 167 Thenorques, 156 Thiaucourt, 165 Thilgen, Gerhard W., wounded, 55 Thionville, 135 Third American Army (Army of Occupation), 180; composition, 163; advance to Germany, 165, 166; headquarters, 169; athletic contests, 174. See also Occupation of Germany Third (American) Army Corps, in Battle of the Vesle, 104n; praised by Pershing, 110; advance to the Rhine, 165, 166, 167, 169; in athletic tournament, 175 Third (Bavarian) Army Corps, 82n Third Division, at Chateau-Thierry, 61n, 62; praised by Pershing, 110; in St. Mihiel salient, 119; in MeuseArgonne offensive, 139, 140; in Army of Occupation, 163, 165 Third Guard Division, 152 Third Iowa Infantry, see One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Infantry Third Minnesota Infantry, border service, 6, 10; federalized, 14n Thirteenth (French) Division, on Champagne front, 64, 65, 75, 83 Thirteenth (German) Division, 152 Thirteenth Ludwigsburg Regiment, 153 Thirty-fifth (Austro-Hungarian) Division, 153 Thirty-second Division, in Meuse-Argonne offensive, 138, 139, 140, 142, 145, 146; advance to the Rhine, 163, 165, 169 Thirty-third (German) Reserve Division, on Champagne front, 82n Thompson, Axel L., death, 176 Thompson, Harvey E., wounded, 154n Thorstad, Hans, wounded, 54n Three Hundred and Forty-first Field Artillery, 137 Tilleux, 115, 116 Toltz, Captain Maximilian E. R., 4 Toul, 25, 113, 115 Towey, John M., wounded, 80n Train headquarters and military police, function of, 16n Trench mortar battery, defined, 16n Treves, 169 Troops, American, see A.E.F.; Minnesota National Guard; National Guard; various military units Troup batteries, 51 Troyes, 32 Troyon-sur-Meuse, 137 Trugny, 89 Twelfth (German) Army Corps, 82n Twenty-eighth (American) Division, 62 Twenty-eighth (German) Division, 132, 152 Twenty-eighth Infantry, 159n Twenty-first (French) Army Corps, on Champagne front, 64, 68, 71, 75 Twenty-first Landwehr Division, 53, 153 Twenty-second Railway Section (German), 153 Twenty-sixth Division, in Marne salient, 62, 88, 89, 93; praised by Pershing, 110; in St. Mihiel salient, 124 Two Hundred and First (German) Division, 153 Two Hundred and Sixteenth Agricultural Battalion (German), 153 Two Hundred and Sixteenth (German) Division, 153 Two Hundred and Thirty-third (German) Division, 153 Two Hundred and Twenty-eighth (French) Field Artillery, 119 Two Hundred and Twenty-seventh (German) Division, 153 Tyndall, Colonel Robert H., 120 United States, breaks off relations with Germany, 12; takes protective meas INDEX 427 ures against German agents, 12; declares war, 13; organizes army, 13 -16 University of Minnesota, students of, in artillery battery, 5 Vacqueville, 35, 48, 53 Vacqueville-Ste. P6le road, 52 Vadenay, 80 Valentine, Lowell, death, 56 Vallery, Albert U., wounded, 154n Van Cleve, Adjutant General Horatio P., 1 Van Dyke, Carl C., reviews parade, 189 Vaucouleurs, training center, 25, 31n Vaux, 86, 87, 89 Vaxainville, 36 Verdun, 79, 117, 118, 129, 134, 135, 136n, 137, 138, 162 Versailles, 32 Very, 142 Vesle, Battle of the, see Aisne-Marne offensive Viau, Edward, wounded, 129 Victory Arch, 189 Villa, Francisco, 5 Village Negre, 41, 54 Villers-sur-Fere, 93, 95, 96, 152 Vimy Ridge, attack on, represented in pageant, 18 Virginia, troops from, 17 Virton, 166 Vitry-la Ville, 85 Von Domarus, Max, 175n Vosges Mountains, 34, 43 Vouziers, 64, 65, 66 War department, fails to prepare for war, 10 Warwick, Fred H., death, 176 Weaver, Lieutenant Galen R., 111 Webster, Ray B., wounded, 100n Weed, Richard, wounded, 154n Weehawken, 184 Weeks, Orvin L., wounded, 154n Weinert, Fred C., wounded, 154n Wenell, Carl O., awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 129 Wenell, Lawrence, wounded, 40; death, 41n; awarded Croix de Guerre, 41n West, Frank, 175n West Virginia, troops from, 407 Whitmore, Horace G., 176, 177 Williams, Levens D., wounded, 87 Wilson, President Woodrow, breaks off relations with Germany, 12; congratulates Pershing, 133 Winona Guards, 1 Wisconsin, troops from, 17 Woevre River, 117 Wood, Major General Leonard, 8 Woodhouse, James S., 81 Wootton, Joseph E., death, 176 Word, Captain William E., Jr., awarded Distinguished Service Cross, 40; death, 176 Worrall, Harold J., mortally wounded, 79 Wright, James A., wounded, 154n Xammes, observation post, 130 Y.M.C.A., 54, 81, 171 York, Corporal Gay E., fatally wounded, 72; burial, 81 Ypres, 60, 79 Zeman, Louis A., wounded, 100n I THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 901111 15 03097 068811111111 3 9015 03097 0688 0 go sop ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~*^ IN-ROM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I ~L~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i rr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FNP- 000