FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES
SUGGESTIONS
ON THEIR
FOUNDATION AND ADMINISTRATION
WITH
A SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS
RE VISED EDITION
PUBLISHED FOR THE
AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
BY
HURD AND HOUGHTON, 13 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK
CU bibtertir 1Bretr, Camtbrltge, baml.
I871
sh —------------------




gmertcan fboial Dcince aooociation.
THE undersigned beg to call your attention to the work of the American Social Science Association. It aims to insure the welfare of society
by promoting the careful study and judicious practical treatment of questions relating to education, employment, and government, including reform
in the Civil and Diplomatic Service, in the management of public and private institutions, financial affairs, and sanitary interests. The Transactions,
as far as published, show what has been attempted, and to some extent
what has been accomplished in the prosecution of the objects before the
Association. Six hundred members are now enrolled, but there is room
for many more, especially for such as will engage in the service which
needs them and to which they are cordially invited.
The general expenses, including but one salary, that of a Secretary, atnd
the common office charges, are met by the annual subscriptions of members. The present assessment is five dollars, the payment of which entitles the subscriber to receive the publications of the Association. Iife
memberships of $Ioo each, and donations of various amounts, have
hitherto sufficed to meet the expenses of printing, which are necessarily
large.
Subscriptions may be paid to any accredited agent, or remitted to Mr.
J. S. BLATCHFORD, Treasurer, 13 Peimbnrton Square, Boston, Mass.
SAMUEL ELIOT, President, Boston. R. M. MASON, Boston.
J. S. BLATCHFORD, Treasurer,      A. \V. MAY, 
J. M. BARNARD,              "     M. E. PARK.IAN, 
MARTIN BRIMMER,            "     C. C. PERKINS,   "
G. B. EMERSON,             "     F. B. SANBORN, Springfield, Mass.
WOLCOTT GIBBS,             "     EMORY WASHBURN, Cambridge.
(Members of Executive Committee.)
W. END1COTT, JR.,   Boston.      E. L. GODKIN,
WILLIAM GRAY           (           (Chairmiii of the N. Y. Committee.). D. PHILBEICK,      "          C. R. AGNEW,          New York.
D. ) RUNKLE,                  F F. A. P. BARNARD,         "
H. H. WOLCOT",      "          G. W. CURTIS,
WOLCOTT,. DWIGHT
ouIS AGASSIZ,    Cambridge.     T.     DWIGH,
C. W. ELIOT,                     A. A. Lo,
BENJAMIN PEIRCE,                 J. M. MCKIM,
D. C. GILMAN,    New Haven, Ct. HOWARD POTTER, 
T. D. WOOLSEY,                   G. C. WARD,
THOMAS HUN,         Albany.       WI I.LIAM STRONG,
ORLANDO  ME,                    (Chairman of the Philadelphia Committee.)
ORLANDO MEADS,         "         J. G. ROSENGARTEN, Philadelphia.
J. V. L. PRUYN,                   E. B. COXE,'
W. G. HAMMOND, Iowa City, Iowa. H. C. LEA, 
J. W. HOYT.       Madison, Wis.   C. J. SrTLIi. 




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES
SUGGESTIONS
ON THEIR
FOUNDATION AND ADMINISTRATION
WITH
A SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS
RE VISED EDITIOV.
PUBLISHED FOR THEAMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION
BY
HURD AND HOUGHTON, I3 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK
&Ce 3iftberitri   ref, Camtbritge, paM7.
1871




RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE:
PRIN'ED BY H. 0. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY.




NOTE.
THE object of this pamphlet is to help the growth
of free public libraries, to suggest their planting
where they do not exist, and to favor their development where they do.
It is also the desire of the Association to respond
to the want implied in the following extract from the
Annual Report for I869 of the Superintendent of
the Public Library of Boston:"We have no schools of bibliographical and bibliothecal training whose graduates can guide the formation of,
and assume management within the fast-increasing libraries of our country; and the demand may perhaps never
warrant their establishment: but every library with a fair
experience can afford inestimable instruction to another
in its novitiate; and there have been no duties of my
office to which I have given more hearty attention than
those that have led to the granting of what we could from
our experience to the representatives of other libraries,
whether coming with inquiries fitting a collection as large
as Cincinnati is to establish, or merely seeking such matters as concern the establishment of a village library. It
is much to be hoped that during the coming year there
will be instituted an organized medium for such intercommunication, under the direction of the American Social
Science Association."




4          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
In preparing this pamphlet, the Association has
had aid from several members, especially the Superintendent from whose Report the foregoing extract
has been taken.
March, 187I.




NOTE TO REVISED EDITION.
THE rapidity with which the first edition of this
work was taken up, and the variety of inquiries respecting it from all parts of the country, show that
some such manual is in immediate demand. The
present edition has been revised throughout, in order
to render all the service consistent with its design.
This design is simply to help a library at the start,
or to carry one forward to a greater degree of usefulness. In either case, it is to be hoped that the library
will soon grow to feel the need of more ample information. This is particularly true with regard to the
list of books, which is intended to meet the wants of
a library at or near its beginning.  The works to
which no asterisk is prefixed are those most generally in demand at existing libraries; but few should
be content with those alone. Any selection of books
involves so many differences of circumstances, cultivation, and opinion, that it cannot be made in such
a manner as to suit individual tastes or the special
needs of communities.
We are under obligations to Messrs. C. A. Cutter, T. W. Higginson, and J. Winsor for suggestions




6          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
which have enabled us to improve this edition. Any
hints towards the further improvement of the work,
from those who read or use it, will be gratefully received.
7tne, I871.




CONTENTS.
PAGE
GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
FIRST STEPS.....  9
OBJECTIONS TO BE MET......  12
MODES OF RAISING MONEY...... 12
BOARD OR COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY..  13
THE LIBRARIAN AND HIS DUTIES.... 13
SITUATION OF LIBRARY.......  15
ARRANGEMENT......... 6
SHELVING.....      6
ACCESSION CATALOGUE......
CLASSIFICATION.....  19
CATALOGUE.....    20
EXAMPLE OF ENTRY....  23
SHELF LISTS.........  24
PRINTED CATALOGUE....  24
USE OF LIBRARY......  25
ACCESS TO BOOKS...  27
INDICATOR......       27
CHARGING LOANS OF BOOKS.....  28
READING ROOM.....  30
PAMPHLETS..            31
BINDING.....31
COLLECTIONS.....   32
EDITIONS...     34
WORKS FOR CONSULTATION...  34




8            CONTENZS.
PAGE.
SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS.
ART.....             37
BIOGRAPHY, INCLUDING LETTERS.....  38
FICTION...........  43
HISTORY..........  51
LITERATURE, INCLUDING EDUCATION AND MORALS.  55
PERIODICALS....          59
POETRY, INCLUDING DRAMA...  60
POLITICS, INCLUDING ECONOMY AND LAW..62
SCIENCE.........  63
TRAVEL......67
WORKS OF REFERENCE....   71
PURCHASES..........  73




GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
FIRST STEPS.
FIRST of all is the project of the library, then the
enlistment of the right men and women to secure its
execution. Public interest is to be aroused, in some
communities created, and whatever means may be
properly used for this purpose must be employed. It
will soon be found that a good many means are
needed. A brief circular to the towns-people, explaining the plan, and describing the experiences of
towns possessing libraries, will generally be serviceable.
As an example of what may be done by means of
a circular, the following extracts are given from a
recent Report on a proposed library for the town of
Milton, Massachusetts: -
"Libraries, accessible to the people, have always been
encouraged in the most intelligent and advanced communities. The father of social libraries in this country is
Benjamin Franklin. They took for their model the proprietary library of Philadelphia, which was founded in
I73I, mainly by his exertions. To use his own words,
they'improved the generar conversation of the Americans, made the common tradesmen and farmers as intelligent as most gentlemen in other countries, and perhaps




I           FEREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
contributed in some degree to the stand so generally
made throughout the colonies, in defense of their privileges.' With the great patriot and philosopher, these
were not words of theory alone, but 6f experience. In
the sharp struggle of his youth for a livelihood, he had
learned the priceless value of good books to a young man
without patrimony, and dependent upon his own hands
and brain for support. To such libraries, however, subscribers only were admitted; and, beneficent as they
proved, they yet failed to reach a large portion of the
community. In the direction of a freer system, but with
special and almost exclusive reference to children in the
public schools, the State of New York in 1835, and our
own State in I842 and I843, enacted laws authorizing the
establishment of School District Libraries. These did
much good in directing public attention, and preparing
the way, but they were too limited in their scope; and,
besides, it was found that the town system for the support
and administration of a library, like the town system for
the support and administration of schools, was more
likely to secure the best results.
"Accordingly, in I85r, our Legislature enacted a law
authorizing towns to establish and maintain Public Libraries, and raise money for the purpose. Under this Act,
and the additional legislation of I866, each town has ample and unrestricted power to establish and maintain a
Public Library, and to provide suitable buildings or rooms
therefor."
"It may be worth while to note that almost contemporaneously with the Act of I851 - a few months earliersimilar legislation for town libraries, to be voted upon by
the burgesses, and to be supported by local taxes, took
effect in England, which has been amplified by succeeding
Acts of Parliament. Under it libraries have been opened
at Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, and less populous




FREE PUBLCLIC   BRARIES.            I
places, often with imposing ceremonies. By the concurrence of all testimonies, they have already achieved a
great work in spreading intelligence among the masses,
particularly among artisans and families of limited means,
and they promise to realize still greater results in the
future. This system has been extended in a measure to
Canada and other British Provinces. The State of Wisconsin, in I859, established a liberal system of Township
Libraries; and other Western States have moved in the
same direction."
"Your Committee believe that such a library would
be useful, directly or indirectly, to all the citizens of the
town. It would be especially so to those whose straitened means do not allow them free access to books.
Few, if any, households would fail to seek and appreciate
its benefits. In all seasons it would be resorted to by a
large proportion of our people, and in the winter and less
occupied seasons it would be an unfailing source of entertainment and profit. Besides its advantages to adults,
it would be of great service to the scholars of the High
School, and to the advanced scholars of the grammar
schools. Indeed, no school education is complete which
does not conduct the child to a good library. Nor is it
unworthy of consideration that a town library would bring
our people more together, and stimulate a greater unity
of feeling among them, and a greater interest in the common welfare. It would make a residence in the town
more attractive and valuable, and invite others to remove
to it, who, by sharing our taxation, would reduce the rate
now assessed upon us. May we not also with much confidence expect that, when its success is assured, citizens
or natives of the town, following the example of Joshua
Bates and George Peabody, and many other benefactors
of town libraries, will enrich it with donations and legacies? The experience of other towns warrants this expectation."




12         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
OBJECTIONS TO BE MET.
However persuasive a circular may be, - indeed,
whether there be any or not, - objections are almost
sure to arise. Some will come from stinginess, some
from timidity, some from apathy, if not hostility.
They must be met. The expense of a library must
be proved judicious; the uncertainties or fears regarding its use must be dispelled; the indifference
or opposition to it must be broken up. It is impossible to suggest measures adapted to all cases; nor
is it necessary. But one or two objections of frequent recurrence may be adverted to, e. g." Books
won't be taken out," to which the simplest answer is,
"Try," or, "They are, everywhere else."  Again:
"They won't be brought back," to which one may
reply, "They will be, for when they are read, others
will be wanted." The strongest objection, however,
is pecuniary; and if that can be met, others will not
be stoutly pressed.
MODES OF RAISING MONEY.
It becomes, therefore, a question of primary importance, how the money for the library can be raised.
Sometimes, and perhaps generally, a town can be
persuaded to make the requisite appropriation; but
this is not always to be depended upon. It happens
not unfrequently that a library has to be started by
individuals, trusting to its being taken up afterwards
by the town, or by some rich townsman. In that
case, a subscription, in which but few will probably
join at the outset, is to be opened and to be carried
as far as circumstances allow.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.          13
BOARD OR COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY.
In anticipation of the steps thus suggested, a board
of management is to be selected. Even before the
library exists, or the board can be formally appointed,
its designation is of great consequence. In fact, the
value of the library to come will depend upon the
persons who are to usher it into being. As far as
possible, they should represent all the leading interests of the community. They should hold their appointments long enough to- render their experience
serviceable, and when they go out of office, it should
be by twos or threes, rather than that the entire body
should be changed at once.
One of their first acts should be the choice of a
librarian. If not fully qualified, he should make a
study of the work to be done, and fit himself at once
to be the literary counsellor of the institution.
As he must act upon some clearly defined system,
it will be well to give early consideration to rules
concerning
THE LIBRARIAN AND HIS DUTIES.
ART. I. The Librarian, under the direction of the
Board or Committee on the Library, shall have the
charge and superintendence of all books and other
property belonging to the Library, and shall be responsible for the due care thereof.
ART. II. He shall be present in the Library in
person, or by an assistant approved by the Committee, at all times when it is open to the public.
ART. III. He shall cause to be entered in a record
to be called the Accession Catalogue the title of




14         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
every book added to the Library, the date of its reception, its cost if purchased, the name of its donor
if given, and such other particulars as the Committee
may direct. And no book shall be put in use until
so recorded.
ART. IV. He shall promptly acknowledge all gifts
to the Library, in such form as the Committee may
direct.
ART. V. He shall arrange all the books on the
shelves in a proper order, and prepare such catalogues, lists, and forms as the Committee may direct.
ART. VI. He shall affix a star to the titles of such
books as from rarity, costliness, or any reason, should
not be permitted to go into the hands of a borrower
without special permission.
ART. VII. He shall attach to-every volume, before
it is lent, such rules of the Library as are needful to
be known, and also a stamp, label, or book-plate,
with the date of accession, the donor's name, if it be
a gift, the number of the shelf on which it is kept,
and the number it bears on the Accession Catalogue.
ART. VIII. He shall keep a record of all books
asked for which are not in the Library, with the
names of the persons asking for them.
ART. IX. He shall keep a record of persons entitled to use the Library, enter the delivery and return
of books; take care that books are not kept beyond
time, ill-used or lost; maintain order in the Library;
and enforce all rules of the Committee.
ART. X. He shall from time to time, under the
direction of the Committee, make a thorough examination of the Library, and present a report of its
condition and increase.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.           15
ART. XI. If the Committee do not reserve the
charge to themselves, he shall, subject to their approval, contract for and order books.
ART. XII. If the Committee do not reserve the
charge to themselves, he shall, subject to their approval, appoint assistants and fix their salaries.
SITUATION OF LIBRARY.
This is one of the early points to be considered,
and a very important one. If not of easy access,
agreeable and commodious, the library will soon be
neglected. In a small town, the best location is near
the Post-office; but this, in a large town, would be
too noisy and too costly. One general rule to be followed is to secure a reasonable proximity to those
classes which have very little time to spend in going
to and from a library. It should also be so placed as
to have abundant light, and to be free from dampness
or any other influence injurious to books. As to the
size and number of rooms, everything depends upon
the magnitude and use of the particular library.
Small or large rooms will serve, but large are preferable on the whole, and they can be reduced at pleasure by alcoves, or, better still, by lines of cases.




I6         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
ARRANGEMENT.
The following diagram shows a simple arrangement that has been found to work well:
w          w            w
W                             r             v'F  Delivery Room. 
w                                  L r  -i  w\
Reading Room.
_  D           D
w                                           W
D     Hall.   D   Librarian's Room.
W          Entrance.       W
D. Doors.                L, Library room.
C. Delivery counter.     W. Windows.
SHELVING.
About one square foot of wall surface will be required to shelve eight to ten volumes.  Shelves
should be movable. For this purpose there may be
a series of round holes, one third of an inch in diameter, one above the other, about one inch apart, and
rather less than one inch\ from the front and back
edges of the uprights of the cases, fitted with pegs
stout enough to hold a heavily laden shelf. Or, sim



FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.          1 7
pier still, without a series of holes, screw eyes (such
as are used to hang heavy frames of pictures) may
be inserted into the upright, two at each end of the
shelf, and at any distance from the shelves above and
beneath. This mode of support has been tried and
much approved. The front and rear holes in the
uprights must always be on the same level.
Flaps of leather or cloth attached to the edges of
the shelves, and hanging down two inches, exclude
a great deal of dust; and if kept in good order, and of
colors harmonizing with the bindings of the books,
are ornamental as well as useful. Glass doors to
book-cases promote cleanliness.; but besides costing
a good deal, they are troublesome when the books
are much used. One case so protected may be convenient for rare and costly books.
The top of the highest books should not be over
seven, or at most, eight feet from the floor. If eight
feet are taken, a low stool will enable everybody to
reach the upper books. Ladders are noisy, inconvenient, and occasionally dangerous. If the room is
sufficiently high, ard the upper wall'surface is required, galleries with fixed stairs leading to them
may be used.
After the wall-surface is shelved, rows of cases
may be put in the centre of the room. They should
not be over four feet long, unless divided by uprights,
or over sixteen inches deep. They should be open,
and books should be put on both sides, the fore-edges
of the books on either side coming into proximity.
Passages three or more feet wide between the cases,
and between the sides or ends and the wall shelves,
should proceed from those windows which give the
2




18          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
most light, if windows are on more than one side of
the room.
When the room is filled with cases, a small
room will be needed for library work, which till then
may be done in the main room.
Each case or space between uprights, and each
shelf from the bottom up, are to bear a distinct number from one upwards. It is also desirable that
each book should be numbered in order on its shelf.
A complete number will then stand thus: 95. 4,
of which the figure or figures after the dot signify
the order on the shelf; the figure immediately before the dot, the shelf; and the figure or figures
before that, the case or space between uprights. In
other words, 95. 4 means the 4th book on the 5th
shelf of the 9th case.. If the book is a work in more
than one volume, then another figure is needed,
and 95. 4. 3, will designate the third volume of the
4th book, etc., as before. Duplicates should bear the
same number as that of the original copy, with the
addition of a, b, c, etc., for the first, second, and third
additional copy, etc.
Books should be put upon the shelves so that the
classes most in demand may be nearest the delivery.
ACCESSION CATALOGUE.
The first entry of a book should be made in a catalogue of accessions as follows:No.           Titl. e.        Date  Cost.  Gift of
I50  C. C. Perkins. Tuscan Sculptors.  May 20,r869. -   Author.
1225  J. C. Shairp.  Culture and Religion.  June i, I871.  $r.oo
This is intended to give merely the account of a
book's acquisition. If more is needed, e.g. imprint,
binding, the special fund from which the purchase




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.           I9
was made, etc., it can easily be added; but the particulars above suffice for most purposes. Every book
should bear, both on its stamp, label, or book-plate,
and on the reverse of the title, the number that shows
its place in the Accession Catalogue.
CLASSIFICATION.
This involves two'questions: - I. What shall the
divisions be? 2. In what proportion shall they be
filled?
The first is easily answered for a small library,
by reference to the simple plan of the list in
this pamphlet; and for a larger collection, to such a
scheme as that in Allibone's Dictionary of Authors,
vol. iii. pp. 2913, 2914. In either case, it is desirable
that the classification should be confined to the acquisition or arrangement of the books, rather than
extended to the catalogue of them. Classified indexes
may be used with advantage, but the catalogue itself
should be alphabetical, not classified.
The second question is more difficult. If every
volume asked for is supplied, the library will consist
chiefly of novels and story-books. If, on the contrary, only such volumes are provided as are thought
improving, then fiction will be narrowed within perhaps the smallest proportions of all. We recommend the golden mean; the provision of both amusing and instructive books, in the expectation that
readers of either as a rule will want the other at
times. Experience in our largest free public library
suggests that of every twenty volumes, seven should
be fiction (including poetry), five travel, four history
(including biography), and four art, literature (general), and science.




20         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
CATALOGUE.
No library can be so small as to render the character of its catalogue an unimportant matter.
Whether the catalogue shall be on cards or in a
volume, will have to be decided in the first place.
The cards if adopted, should be about 5 by 2 
inches, ruled, and thick enough to stand on edge in
trays or drawers, when loosely pressed together. If
tags be attached to the upper edges of the cards at
intervals of one or two inches along the row, a catchword can be written on these tags, which will be in
sight, and thus assist the seeker in finding the point
of his search. The writing is more easily done on
cards than on the leaves of a large folio, which have
to be turned in making different entries. Alphabetical arrangement is also easier with cards, as each new
card can be inserted in its place without the slightest
difficulty, while many a page of a folio will become
crowded. If the folio is adopted, it should have interleaves, in order to receive new titles; or the entries
may be written on broad slips of paper, and pasted
with blank spaces intervening. The advantages on
the whole, seem to be in favor of cards.
If the public, or careless assistants, have access to
the cards, the chance of misplacement or abstraction
can be reasonably provided against, by running a
wire over the middle of the cards; but the wire
should be removable when new cards are to be inserted.
The exterior form of the catalogue- being determined upon, the question arises how books shall be
entered. The mode generally preferred is that of




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.           21
entering, i. The name of the author, 2. The subject of the work. If a pseudonym is given, this too
should be entered, with the abbreviation "Pseud.,"
but the real name, if known, should be the main
entry. If no name is given, two entries may be
made, if desirable, according to I. The first leading
word of the title; 2. The subject as before; but the
latter entry will generally suffice. When a work entirely anonymous is entered, "Anon." may be inserted after the title or subject, but this is not indispensable. The entry of subjects will bring them
together in groups which will be found very serviceable to those who know what they want to read
about without knowing what has been written upon
it. In thus grouping subjects, it is best to be as
specific as possible. If a book is on " Conchology,"
it should be put under that, and not under " Natural
History;" but under " Natural History," after the
general works, a note may be added, "See also
names of specific branches, as Conchology, etc."
The entry, or heading of the entry, is the cataloguer's work; the title following the entry is the
author's, and should be accurately copied, or if long,
abridged, so as to preserve the author's words as
nearly as possible. Occasionally something may be
added to the title to make it clearer.
Contents may be given or not, as a general rule,
according to the resources of a library. If given,
they should be entered in the following manner: —
BROWNING, E; B. POEMS. N. Y. 1862. 4 V. 12~
Contents.- Vol. I. A Drama of Exile; The Seraphim; Prometheus Bound, from the Greek of JEschylus; Lament for Adonis,
from the Greek of Bion; Vision of Poets; The Poet's Vow; The




22          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Romaunt of Margret; Isobel's Child; The Romaunt of the Page;
The Lay of the Brown Rosary; Romance of the Ganges; Rhyme of
the Duchess May; Miscellaneous. II. Miscellaneous; Sonnets;
Casa Guidi Windows. III. Aurora Leigh; Miscellaneous. IV.
Memorial, by T. Tilton; Last Poems; Translations.
The edition should be specified, unless it is the
first. It frequently happens, however, that every
thousand copies of a stereotyped book is called by
the publisher a separate edition; and there may be no
other alteration except in the number of the edition and the date. The number of volumes, if more
than one, and the form of the book, are also to be
entered.
The designation of form is determined by the
number of leaves into which the sheet is folded. A
sheet not folded is a broadside; once folded, forming 2 leaves, or 4 pages, a folio (f); twice folded,
forming 4 leaves, or 8 pages, a quarto (4to or 4~).
A sheet folded to form 8 leaves, or I6 pages, is
an octavo (8vo or 8); 12 leaves, or 24 pages, a duodecimo (I2mo or I2~); I6 leaves, or 32 pages, a sextodecimo (I6mo or 16~); 18 leaves, or 36 pages, an octodecimo (I8mo or 18~); 24 leaves, or 48 pages, a vigesimo-quarto (24~); 32 leaves, or 64 pages, a trigesimo-secundo (32~). To ascertain the fold, it is necessary to examine the signatures, that is, the letters
(J, V, and W are not used, not having been in the
old Roman alphabet) or figures placed at the bottom
of the first page of each sheet, as guides to the
printer and binder. But it is to be noted that the
signatures are often ambiguous, because when books
are printed in half-sheets, the signatures are precisely the same for octavos as for quartos; for six



FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.           23
teens as for octavos; for twenty-fours as for duodecimos; for thirty-twos as for sexto-decimos. Subordinate signatures (as 3*,, 3. 3.., A2, etc.), do not help
to determine the form of the book, but are intended
merely as guides to the printer in imposing, and to
the folder in folding.
EXAMPLE OF ENTRY.
Whether in a volume or on cards, the entry should
be made in accordance with previous directions.
If in a volume, it would appear in this form 
"48.9. Ticknor, G. Life of W. H. Prescott.
Boston, 1864. 4~. 456."
The number on the left is that of the shelves; on
the right, of the Accession Catalogue. If an entry
by subject is made, as is desirable, it would run,
"Prescott, W. H., Life of. Ticknor, G. 48.9," because only the prominent points of the first entry
need be repeated.
If cards are used, the entry will be thus: -
35.6.                              I23.
Norton, Charles Eliot.
The New Life of Dante.
An Essay, with Translations.
Cambridge, I859.
4~




24         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
The number in the left hand corner shows the
place of the book on the shelves; that in the right
hand, its place in the Accession Catalogue. The
first line below gives the name of the author,the
next the main title of the book; the next, any additional title; the next, the imprint and date; and the
last, the size. Another card may then be written,
beginning with "Dante, The New Life of," etc.
SHELF-LISTS.
Shelf-lists aje necessary to the thorough administration, and particularly the thorough examination of
a library. They are entered in books, ruled so that a
brief title of each work may stand opposite its order
number on the shelf; and to the title should be
prefixed the number of volumes, while the accession
number should be annexed as a means of identifying
the book, and tracing its history, as in the following
list -
ORDER  VOLS.TITLE.                 ACCESSION
VOLS.        TITLE.
NO.                                 No.
I     12     Washington's Writings.  20
2      I     Federalist.           I85
PRINTED CATALOGUE,
This is needed by everybody who uses a library.
It should be an abstract rather than a reproduction
of the catalogue in manuscript, with brief but accurate titles, arranged according to both authors and
subjects, on the principle already, recommended. As
fast as books are added in any number, supplements
to the printed catalogue should be brought out. If
directions can be given for finding, and even for




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.          25
using the books, so much the better in communities
unaccustomed to libraries.  The catalogue and its
supplements ought to be sold at cost, or, if practicable, given to visitors.
USE OF LIBRARY.
Who shall use the library? Anybody? or anybody who gives a reference or makes a deposit, sufficient to secure the library from harm or loss?
These are questions to be answered according to the
character of the library, on the one hand, and of the
community on the other. Speaking generally, the
first duty of those having the library in charge is to
provide for its safety, to see that its contents are
guarded against carelessness or theft; but this duty
is not in the least inconsistent with a second one,
namely, that of providing for the circulation of the
books among all who want them, or all who prove
their want of them by readily submitting to reasonable rules and precautions. Such regulations as the
following are the most essential:ART. I. Every inhabitant of the town of -, fifteen years old or over, shall be entitled to the use of
the Library in accordance with the regulations. Persons under fifteen may be admitted upon guaranty
satisfactory to the-Librarian.
ART. II. Persons visiting the Library are expected
to be clean, orderly, and quiet.
ART. III. Any person taking books from the Library may be required to make a deposit in proportion to their value.
ART. IV. No person shall be allowed more than
one work, and, if the work is in several volumes, not
more than three volumes at a time.




26         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
ART. V. All books are to be returned within fourteen days from the date of delivery, under penalty of
two cents for every day's delay. The Board or Committee on the Library may, by due notice affixed to a
volume, require new books to be returned within a
shorter time.
ART. VI. Any book retained two weeks beyond
the time prescribed, shall be sent for by the Librarian, and the messenger's fee be charged to the borrower.
ART. VII. Any book may be renewed once to the
same borrower, but not more than once, until it shall
have remained in the Library one full library-day.
ART. VIII. All books shall be returned to the
Library at such times as the Committee may appoint
by reasonable notice, under penalty of a fine of one
dollar.
ART. IX. All injuries to books beyond reasonable
wear, and all losses, shall be made good to the satisfaction of the Committee by the borrower. Any
book not returned within one week after it has been
sent for by the Librarian, shall be regarded as lost.
If the volume lost or injured forms part of a set, the
whole set shall be replaced by the person liable, he
being entitled to the damaged set.
ART. X. No person owing any fine or damages
shall borrow from the Library until the same is paid.
ART. XI. Books of reference, rare or costly volumes, and such as the Committee may reserve for
any cause, shall not be taken from the Library without special permission.
The time during which a library shall be open,
whether all day, or day and evening, or a part of




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.          27
either or-both, must be left to each institution. It
ought to be kept open as much as possible. Most
libraries are closed several days, at least, for an annual examination; but recent experience has proved
that the books can be satisfactorily examined, simply
by closing a room, department or case at a time,
without shutting the library for a day.
ACCESS TO BOOKS.
The privilege of access to the books cannot be
granted to everybody, but it can be to those who
really need it, in order to discover the works which
bear upon their inquiries. It is quite safe as an exception, though not as a rule, in the administration of
a library.
INDICATOR.
This is an apparatus of very great assistance to a
librarian and to a visitor of a library. It consists of
an upright frame, with spaces for movable wooden
blocks or pegs, some of which are to bear on their
ends the shelf numbers, but most of them the book
numbers, stamped on paper labels. These two sets
of numbers should be differently colored, and the
book numbers themselves should be of two colors,
white figures upon a black ground for one end of
the pegs, and black figures upon a white ground
for the other end. If the white figures are visible,
the book is in; if the black, the book is out, or vice
versa. Any one can see how time and trouble are
thus saved to a visitor, and still more to a librarian
or assistant, whose act in turning a peg, as a book is
taken out or brought back, is momentary compared
with that of looking up a book on its shelf, and if it




28         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
is out, of looking up another.  Each case, or line
of cases, or alcove, may have its own indicator, and
this is better than one huge frame for the-whole
library. It is never, indeed, worth while to provide
indicators for any other portion of a library than that
which is in active demand.
The People's Library of. Newport, Rhode Island,
is furnished with a set of indicators, simple, compact,
and moderate in price (about two cents per peg, or
number), according to a design of Mr. William Dame,
of that city, who is ready to supply other libraries.
CHARGING LOANS OF BOOKS.
Two systems are in vogue: I. The account is kept
with the borrower. 2. The account is kept with the
book.
Both systems require the registration of the borrower, his name, residence, and, if need be, reference; both demand that the registration be accompanied by the issue of a card, with blank spaces for
the borrower's name and the number of the book
asked for, together with such rules or directions as
may be deemed best; and that this card be presented
whenever application for a book is made or the book
is returned.
A form of card in actual use is herewith given.
Note that the reverse of the card affords ample
space for an abstract of. regulations or for any other
information which a borrower needs.




EREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.           29
This Card must be presented whenever a book is taken or returned, and must contain but one number at a time.
A week's notice of the loss of a Card is required before a new
one can be obtained.
I               _  _ _ _ __!
I              I
On the first system of charging loans, borrowers
are recorded alphabetically or numerically by giving
to each a page, or part of a page in a folio. The
process of charging fines for the over-detention of
books is easier on this plan than on the other.
_ _ _ _ _ I1  _ _ _ _ _ _   I  _ _ _ _ _ _
I              I
I              I
I  _I
I              I
I  _           I
On the first system of charging loans, borrowers
are recorded alphabetically or numerically by giving
to each a page, or part of a page in a folio. The
process of charging fines for the over-detention of
books is easier on this plan than on the other.




30         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
On the second system, the simplest mode is to employ slips or cards, one being given to every book in
the library. These are kept upright, arranged numerically for easy reference. Whenever a book goes
out, its card is found, the date of taking the book
and the registration number of the borrower are
written on it; and when the book is returned, the
card is again found, and the date of return written.
Each card accordingly shows the history of its book's
circulation. Where the number of volumes is not
large, this system has many advantages; but where
the books are numerous and much used, additional means are needed to prevent a borrower's
keeping a book beyond time, or taking a new book
while he -has one already. Perhaps no means is
easier than putting a slip for each borrowed book
into a drawer, with compartments for each day's delivery. Of course every slip not withdrawn on the
return of the book will appear in its compartment
at the end of fourteen days, or other allotted term.
READING-ROOM.
This is naturally included within the scope of a
library. It may be a separate room or a part of
the library-room itself, according to circumstances;
whichever it is, it will prove of constant service.
Many persons prefer looking over a book at a library to taking it away; others wish merely to hunt
up a reference or make an extract; others still
have no place of their own to read in, and will care
very little for a book which they must carry to what
is called home. A reading-room is also very serviceable for the use of periodicals. In a small town,




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.          31
where everybody is known, and calls are not numerous, periodicals may be taken out like any other
works, though for a shorter time. If the demand increases, current numbers of periodicals may be exposed upon tables, where all can freely handle them.
In the experience of large libraries, hovwever, where
visitors are numerous, and periodicals are taken
in great variety, a system of delivery from a counter,
taking a receipt for each, has been adopted.
PAMPHLETS.
As a general rule for small libraries, pamphlets
should not be bound, but arranged in boxes made of
wood or card-board, which can be procured at moderate cost. A style manufactured in Salem, Mass., under the namne of " Institute Pamphlet Case," is accompanied by useful directions. If not kept, pamphlets
should not be destroyed, but sent to some large library,
where their management is systematized. A pamphlet is often the harder to get from having been
widely distributed, as a sense of its commonness frequently leads to its destruction.
BINDING.
The practice of covering books with paper seems
to be generally disapproved, as neither encouraging
respect for them nor saving them from any real
injury. They should, therefore, be bound in such a
manner as to need no paper covers. Plain, but neat
and strong half-leather binding, the sewing very
thorough, with lettering sufficient to indicate the
book, is the right sort. A certain correspondence
in character between the outside of a book and the




32          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
fineness of paper and type within, is to some extent
desirable; but a free library should not indulge in
much expense for binding. Contracts may be made
with bookbinders to bind and repair books at advantageous rates. Some books become so worn inside
as well as oWt, that they had better be replaced, not
rebound.
COLLECTIONS.
Various series of books, published in uniform
shape, can be purchased entire, or in separate volumes.
The following are best suited for popular libraries: -
a. Library of Useful Knowledge. London. 353 numbers at 6d. each.
b. Library of Entertaining Knowledge. London. 43
vols. at 2s. 3d.
c. Bohn's Standard Library. A good collection, of
over I50 volumes, and still increasing.
d. Bohn's other Libraries, the " Scientific," " Antiquarian," "Illustrated," "Cheap Series," etc., are all good
selections.
e. Both Bohn's " Classical Library" and Harper's
"Classical Library" offer a fair collection of English
translations from the Latin and Greek.
f. Murray's " Family Library," London, in about 80
volumes, and Harper's "Family Library," New York, in
about I90 volumes, are desirable series.
g. Novels. Of the older school, there are Barbauld's
British Novelists, 50 volumes; Ballantyne's Novelists'
Library, io volumes; Roscoe's Novelists' Library, I9 volumes. A large portion of the well-known. Tauchnitz
" Collection of British Authors " is novels. The most
extensive uniform edition published in the United States,




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.             33
is Harper's " Standard Novels," which has maintained as
good a character as could be expected.
h. Poetry. Ten principal collections of the English
poets have been published within ihe last hundred years.
The best is an American one issued originally by Little,
Brown, & Co., and now published by J. R. Osgood & Co.
The text of the earlier poets has been carefully corrected;
that of the more recent, like Byron, Coleridge, Scott,
Southey, Wordsworth and others, has been included, making 44 poets in I28 volumes.
j. The Drama. The four principal English collections
are Sir Walter Scott's Modern British Drama, 5 volumes;
Cumberland's British Drama, I4 volumes; Bell's British
Theatre, 17 volumes; Mrs. Inchbald's British Theatre,
25 volumes, with 7 volumes additional of farces. These
collections often show the plays in their stage adaptation,
and so differ from the drama as printed in the works of
their respective authors. The American collections have
been numerous, under the title of French's Standard and
Minor and American Dramas, Wemyss' Minor Drama,
Sargent's Modern Standard Drama, and Spencer's.Boston
Theatre; but, owing to changes in publishers and the separate publication of each play, sets are often much confused.
k. The Tauchnitz (Leipsic) Collection of British, including some American, Authors, in its little squareshaped volumes, is well known. As it cannot be introduced into England, it is intended for readers on the
Continent and in this country. If the whole set is to be
ordered, it should be bound in Germany and imported
by the library to save duty. The latest lists can be procured of the importers, and one, down to the middle of
I870, will be found in the Class List for Poetry, etc., of
the Boston Public Library. The collection now numbers
about I,200 volumes.
/. The Tauchnitz Collection of German Authors, in
3




34         FREE PUBLZC LIBRARIES.
English translations, has recently been begun in uniform
shape, and promises well.
m. Weale's "Series of Elementary Works for Beginners," on matters generally technological, in over 130
small volumes. An admirable set.
EDITIONS.
The naming of different forms of books by
publishers is sometimes perplexing. "The Globe
Edition" is a name covering a wide difference in
appearance, but usually compact in type and convenient in size. It began with some English publishers, in new editions of the chief poets, and has been
continued in various issues abroad and at home.
" Household Editions" became popular several years
ago, with the issue of the Waverley Novels in a small
handy volume, and the name has since been given
to other publications. A "Blue and Gold" series,
begun with an American edition of Tennyson, has
had many successors and imitators. A few years
since, a "Diamond Edition" of Dickens started a
fashion, that fortunately for people's eyes, to which
its small type was very trying, did not become
popular. With the open page of poetry it is somewhat less injurious, and printed on larger paper, with
a red line surrounding the page, has reappeared in
"Red-line Editions."
WORKS FOR CONSULTATION.
In giving these hints concerning the management
of libraries, two objects have been in view: I. To
convey actual information;, To show the necessity of more extensive investigation.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.             35
The following works are recommended for consultation: -
~ritish Museum Catalogue, vol. i. (the only printed volume). This contains the rules of cataloguing followed
in that great establishment.
Smithsonian Report on Cataloguing, by Professor C. C.
Jewett. Its precepts are generally exemplified in the
printed catalogues of the Boston Public Library.
The Boston Public Library has issued for its Bates Hall
collection two large 8~ volumes, and a third volume is
in preparation. The first Catalogue of its Lower Hall
gave the titles with equal fullness, and eight annual
supplements followed, when a reissue of the entire Catalogue for that hall was begun with briefer titles, and
now consists of six Class lists, of which frequent editions are printed. A'recent list, entitled Historical
Fiction, is intended to aid in finding a novel, play, or
poem illustrative of history. Bulletins (hereafter mentioned) show the later additions.
Boston Public Library Reports, particularly Superintendent's (Mr. J. Winsor) Report for I869; full of varied
information.
Congressional Library Catalogue. This can be studied
with great gain.
Allibone's Dictionary of British and American Authors,
with indexes of subjects. One of the first books to be
ordered for a library.
American Literary Gazette and Publisher's Circular.
Philadelphia, monthly, $2.00 per annum. This contains
lists, with prices, of all books published in the United
States, and announcements of forthcoming books.
London Bookseller. This covers the same ground for
British publications.
Book-lists and Bulletins are published monthly by various
publishing houses, and almost every publisher issues




36          FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
at intervals catalogues of his publications and stock.
These can usually be procured on application. The
Boston Athenaeum, the Boston Public Library, the
Mercantile Library of Brooklyn, the Library Company
of Philadelphia, issue lists of books added to their
collections at intervals of a few months; and once a
year, the Library of Congress prints a volume of its
accessions, - all of which are useful to a Free Library.
The Trade Circular Annual for 1870, published by Ley'
poldt & Holt, New York, is to be recommended.
Two recent works on the choice of books may be
examined:I. Books and Reading; or, What Books shall I Read, and
how shall I Read them? By Noah Porter, Professor in
Yale College. N. Y. i871. ~ 4th ed.
2. What to Read and how to Read; being classified lists
of choice reading, brought down to September, 1870.
By Chas. H. Moore, M. D. N.. I87I.




SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS IN THE ENGLISH
LANGUAGE SUITABLE FOR FREE
LIBRARIES.
THE object of the following list is to present a few
thousand volumes for free libraries to begin with.       It is
intended to provide amusement as well as instruction,
and for readers of all ages and various degrees of education.
Tr. indicates translation.
* points out books that may be omitted from first purchases, not as inferior, but on
account of cost, or because less adapted to general circulation. Titles left unmarked
are preferable, in many cases, only because they are most in favor with average
readers.
ART.
Allston, W. Lectures on the Fine Arts (and Poems).
*Burn, R. Rome and the Campagna.
*Crowe, J. A., and Cavalcaselle, G. B. History of Italian Painting.
*Didron, A. N. Christian Iconography. Tr. Bohn's ed.
Duplessis, G. Wonders of Engraving. Tr.
*Eastlake, Sir C. History of Oil Painting.
*Fergusson, J. History of Architecture.
Hamerton, P. G. Etchings and Etchers.
Painter's Camp. Thoughts about Art.
Jameson, A. Poetry of Sacred and Legendary Art.
Legends of the Madonna.
Legends of the Monastic Orders.
*Jameson A., and Lady Eastlake. History of our Lord.
Jaryes, J. J. Art Hints..




38            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Kugler, F. Handbooks for the Italian, German, Flemish, Dutch,
Spanish, and French Schools of Painting. Tr. Illustrated ed. Continuation by Sir E. Head.
*Liibke, W. History of Art. Tr.
Miiller, C. 0. Ancient Art and its Remains. Tr.
Parker, J. H. Introduction to the Study of Gothic Architecture.
*Perkins, C. C. Tuscan Sculptors.
Italian Sculptors.
Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Academic Discourses. Bohn's ed.
Ruskin, J. Elements of Drawing.
Modern Painters.
Seven Lamps of Architecture.
Stones of Venice.
Tuckerman, H. T. Book of the [American] Artists.
Viardot, L. Wonders of Italian Art. Tr.
Wonders of European Art. Tr.
*Walpole, H. Anecdotes of Painting, etc., in England.
Westropp, H. M. Traveller's Art Companion: a Handbook of
Archaeology.
*Winckelmann, Ancient Art among the Greeks. Tr. by G. H. Lodge.
Wornum, R. Epochs of Painting. London ed. I864.
Wyatt, M. D. Fine Art. A Course of Lectures.
BIOGRAPHY, INCLUDING LETTERS.
Abbott, J. Alfred of England.
Elizabeth.
William the Conqueror. [Many others, if desired.]
Adams, H. G. Weaver-boy. Life of D. Livingstone.
Adams, J. Q., and C. F. Life of John Adams.
Andersen, H. C. The Story of my Life. Tr.
Andrews, S. J. Life of our Lord.
*Arago, D. F. J. Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men. Tr.
*Audubon, J. J. Life and Journals, by his Widow.
*Augustine, St. Confessions. Tr.
*Austin, S. Goethe and his Contemporaries.
*Balbo, C.. Life and Times of Dante. Tr.
Beecher, L. Autobiography.
Boswell, J. Life of S. Johnson. ed. Croker.
*Brewster, Sir D. Life of J. Kepler.
Memoirs of Sir I. Newton.
*Brooke, S. Life of F. W. Robertson.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                     39
*Brougham, H. Lives of Men of Letters and Science in the Time
of George III.
~A~*       ~ Sketches of Statesmen in the Time of George III.
*Brown, S. G. Memoirs of R. Choate.
*Bulwer, H. L. E. I:ife of Lord Palmerston.
*Burgon, J. W. Life and Times of Sir T. Gresham.
*Butler, J. E. Memoir of J. Grey of Dilston.
Buxton, C. Memoirs of Sir T. F. Buxton.
Carlyle, T. Life of Burns.
Life of Schiller.
Life of Sterling.
Carpenter, F. B. Six Months at the White House with A. Lincoln.
*Chadwick, W. Life of Daniel De Foe.
Channing, W. H. Memoir of W. E. Channing.
*Cockburn, H. Life of Lord Jeffrey.
*Coleridge, J. T. Memoir of J. Keble.
*Conybeare, W. J., and Howson, J. S. Life and Epistles of St. Paul.
Same, abridged.
Cooper, J. F. Lives of Distinguished American Naval Officers.
Cromwell, 0. Letters and Speeches. ed. T. Carlyle.
Curtis, G. T. Life of D. Webster.
*Devrient, P. E. Recollections of Mendelssohfi. Tr.
*Dicey, E. Memoir of Cavour.
Edgar, J. G. Boyhood of Great Men.
*Evelyn, J. Life and Writings of. ed. W. Bray.
*Falloux, A. F. P. Life and Letters of Mme. Swetchine. Tr.
*Fenelon, F. de S. Lives of Ancient Philosophers. Tr.
Fliedner, T. Life of Pastor Fliedner. Tr.
*Forster, J. Life of Cromwell.
Lives of Statesmen of the Commonwealth.
*           Life of W. S. Landor.
*Forsyth, W. Life of Cicero.
Franklin, B. Autobiography. ed. J. Bigelow.
Frothingham, R. Life of Joseph Warren.
Fry, Elizabeth. Life compiled from her Journal.
*Fuller, T. Worthies of England.
Garibaldi, G. Autobiography. Tr.
Gaskell, E. Life of Charlotte Bronte.
Gibbon, E. Autobiography.
*Gordon, M. Memoir of John Wilson.
*Goethe, J. W. von. Autobiography. Tr.
Greeley, H. Recollections of a Busy Life.
Greene, G. W. Life of Nathanael Greene.




40            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
*Grimm, H. Life of Michael Angelo. Tr.
Guizot, F. P. G. Essay on Washington. Tr.
Hall, E. B. Memoir of M. L. Ware.
*Harford, J. S. Life of Michael Angelo; also, Memoirs of Savonarola, Raphael, and V. Colonna.
Harvard Memorial Biographies.
Head, Sir F. B. Life of Bruce, the African Traveller.
*Herbert, E,, of Cherbury. Life.
*Holstein, H. L. V. D. Memoirs of La Fayette. Tr.
Hood, T. Memorials.
Hosmer, J. K. Color Guard.
*Hunt, F. Lives of American Merchants.
Hutchinson, L. Life of Col. Hutchinson.
Irving, W. Life of Columbus. Same, abridged.
Life of Goldsmith.
Life of Washington. Same, abridged. [Student's Life.]
Irving, P. M. Life and Letters of W. Irving.
*James, G. P. R. Charlemagne.
~~*  ~      Henry IV. of France.
Jameson, A. Memoirs of Early Italian Painters.
Memoirs of Female Sovereigns.
*Joinville, J. de. Saint Louis, King of France. Tr.
Jones, J. W. Boyhood of Great Men.
*Jones, W. Memoir of Rowland Hill.
*Keratry, E. de. Rise and Fall of the Emperor Maximilian. Tr.
*Knight, C. Biography of Shakespeare.
*Las Casas, M. J. E. D. Private Life of Napoleon I. Tr.
Leslie, C. R. Autobiographical Recollections.
*Lewes, G. H. Life of Goethe. 2d Eng. ed.
*Liszt, F. Life of Chopin.
Lockhart, J. G. Memoirs of Sir W. Scott.
Lossing, B. J. Biographies of Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Macaulay, T. B. Biographies contributed to Encycl. Britannica.
*Martineau, H. Biographical Sketches.
Masson, D. Life of Milton.
Mendelssohn, F. B. Letters. Tr.
Miller, H. Autobiography.
*Molyneux, G. Cure d'Ars: Memoir of J. B.'"M. Vianney. Tr.
*Montalembert, C. F. Life of St. Elizabeth of Hungary. Tr.
*Moore, T. Life of Lord Byron.
*           Life of Sheridan.
Morley, H. Life of Bernard Palissy.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARI4S.                     4I
*Mozart, W.A. Letters. Tr.
*Napoleon I. Confidential Correspondence with Josephine. Tr.
~~* ~     Confidential Correspondence with Joseph. Tr.
*Niebuhr, B. G. Life and Letters. Tr.
Oliphant, M. (O. W.) Historical Sketches of the Reign of Geo. II.
Ossoli, S. Margaret Fuller. Memoirs.
*Parr, H. Life of Jeanne d'Arc.
Parton, J. Famous Americans.
Life of Franklin.
Life of Jackson.
Pellico, Silvio. My Prisons. Tr.
*Pepys, S. Diary and Correspondence;
*Perthes, C. T. Life of F. Perthes. Tr.
Plutarch's Lives. Tr. ed. Clough.
*Prior, J. Life of Edmund Burke.
Procter, B. W. -Charles Lamb: A Memoir.
*Quatremere de Quincy, A. C. Life of Raphael. Tr. Bohn's ed.
Quincy, E. Life of J. Quincy.
Randall, H. S. Life of T. Jefferson.
Raymond, H. J. Life of Abraham Lincoln.
Riethmiiller, C. J. Life of Alexander Hamilton.
*Robinson, H. C. Diary and Correspondence.
*Roscoe, Mrs. H. Vittoria Colonna.
Russell, W. Boyhood of Extraordinary Men.
Sainte-Beuve, C. A. Celebrated Women. Tr.
*Sarrans, B. Memoirs of La Fayette and French Revolution of
I830. Tr.
Schaff, P. Life of St. Augustine. Tr.
*Schindler, A. Life of Beethoven. Tr.
Sevigne, Mme de. Letters. Tr.
Smiles, S. Brief Biographies.
Industrial Biography.
Lives of the Engineers.
Smith, G. Three English Statesmen. [Pym, Cromwell, Pitt.]
Smith, Sydney. Life and Letters. Student's ed.
Southey, R. Life of Cowper.
Life of Nelson.
Life of Wesley.
Sparks, J. Library of American Biography. Two Series.
Life of Ledyard.
Life of Washington.
*Stahr, A. Life of Lessing. Tr.




42             FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
*Stanhope, P. H. Life of W. Pitt.
Stanley, A. P. Life and Correspondence of T. Arnold.
Stirling, W. Cloister Life of Charles V.
Life of Velasquez.
Stowe, H. E. B. Men of our Times.
Strickland, A. Lives of Queens of England. Same, abridged.
*              Lives of Queens of Scotland, and English Princesses.
Talfourd, T. N. Life and Letters of Charles Lamb.
Final Memorials of Charles Lamb.
*Taylor, T. Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Thackeray, W. M. English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century.
The Four Georges.
Thatcher, B. B. Lives of Distinguished Indians.
Thayer, W. M. Farmer Boy. [Washington.]
Printer Boy. [Franklin.]
Ticknor, G. Life of W. H. Prescott.
Timbs, J. Inventors and Discoverers.
*Tocqueville, A. C. I. C. de. Memoir, Letters, and Remains. Tr.
*Trollope, T. A. Decade of Italian Women.
Trumbull, H. C. Biography of H. W. Camp.
*Twiss, H. Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon.
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*Vasari, J. Lives of Artists.'Tr. Bohn's ed.
*Victoria, Queen. Early Years of Prince Consort.
*                 Life in the Highlands.
*Voltaire, F. M. A. de. Charles XII. Tr.
*Walton, I. Lives of Donne, Wotton, Hooker, Herbert, and Sanderson.
*Warburton, E. Memoirs of Horace Walpole.;*              Memoirs of Prince Rupert.
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*Wilkinson, J. J. G. Life of Swedenborg.
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*Hubner, J. A. Sixtus V. Tr.
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Popular History of England.
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Kohlrausch, F. History of Germany. Tr.
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*Lamartine, M. L. A. French Revolution of 1848. Tr.
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History of Rationalism in Europe.
Liddell, H. G. History of Rome.
Lieber, F. Great Events described by Great Historians.
*Lingard, J. History of England. [To,688.]
*Llorente, J. A. Spanish Inquisition. Tr.
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Pictorial Field-book of the War of I812.
Pictorial History of the Civil War.
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Macaulay, T. B. History of England. [I685-I702.]
Martin, H. History of France. [To I789.] Tr.
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Rise of the Dutch Republic [I555-I584].
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*Niebuhr, B. G. History of Rome. Tr.
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*Schiller, F. von. History of Revolt of Netherlands. Tr.
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Scott, Sir W. Tales of a Grandfather. (History of Scotland.)
Sewell, E. M., and Yonge, C. M. Historical Selections.
Sismondi, J. C. L. Crusades against Albigenses.
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Smiles, S. Huguenots in England and Ireland. [America, Harpers' ed.]
Smith, P. Student's Ancient History of the East.
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History of New Testament.
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Student's France.
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*Thiers, L. A. Consulate and Empire. Tr.
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Thirlwall, C. History of Greece.
*Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de. Old Regime and Revolution. Tr.
Towle,.N. C. Constitution of the United States. 3d ed.
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Sir Roger de Coverley.
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Knight, C. Half-hours with the Best Authors.
Lamb, C. Works. ed. Talfourd.
Liddon, H. P. Bampton Lectures.




58             FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
*Locke, J. Essay on the Understanding.
Lowell, A. C. J. Theory of Teaching.
Lowell, J. R. Among my Books.
Fireside Travels.
My Study Windows.
Luther, M. Table-talk. Tr.
Watch-words for the Warfare of Life. Tr.
Macaulay, T. B. Essays. Student's ed.
Mann, H. Lectures and Annual Reports on Education.
March, C. W. Reminiscences of Congress.
Marsh, G. P. English Language.
Mill, J. S. Dissertations and Discussions.
Logic.
Milton, J. Prose Works.
Treasures from Prose Writings.
*Mitford, M. R. Our Village.
*Montaigne, M. de. Essays. Tr.
Moore, C. H. What to Read and How to Read.
*More, H. Shepherd of Salisbury Plain.
*Miuller, F. Max. Chips from a German Workshop.
Hist. of Ancient Sanscrit Literature. 2d ed.
~~*  ~       Lectures on the Science of Language.
Murray, W. tH. H. Music Hall Sermons.
Nightingale, F. Notes on Nursing.
Pascal, B. Thoughts. Tr.
*Plutarch. Morals. Tr. ed. Goodwin.
Porter, N. Books and Reading.
*Richter, J. P. F. Levana. Tr.
Robertson, F. W. Sermons.
Robinson, E., and Smith, E. Biblical Researches in Palestine.
Scougal, H. Life of God in the Soul of Man.
Seeley, J. R. Ecce Homo.
Shairp, J. C. Culture and Religion.
Shillaber, B. P. Mrs. Partington.
Smiles, S. Self-help.
Smith, Sydney. Miscellaneous Works. Student's ed.
Wit and Wisdom of. ed. Duyckinck.
*Southey, R. Doctor.
Spalding, W. Hist. of English Literature.
Spencer, Herbert. Education.
Stanley, A. P. Bible in the Holy Land.
Stowe, H. B. Little Foxes.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                    59
Sunday Library. ed. Lippincott.
*Taine, H. A. Hist. of English Literature. Tr.
Taylor, J. Holy Living and Dying.
Thoreau, H. D. Walden.
*Ticknor, G. History of Spanish Literature.
Timbs, J. Notable Things.
Things not generally Known.
Trench, R. C. English, Past and Present.
Lessons in Proverbs.
Study of Words.
*Tytler, S. Papers for Thoughtful Girls.
Vericour, R. de. Modern French Literature. Tr.
Ware, H. Formation of Christian Character.
Warner, C. D. My Summer in a Garden.
Wayland, F. Elements of Moral Science.
Westcott, B. F. History of English Bible.
Whately, R. Morals and Christian Evidences. ed. Huntington.
Whewell, W. Elements of Morality.
Whipple, E. P. Essays.
Character and Characteristic Men.
White, R. G. Words and their Uses.
Whitney, W. D. Language.
PERIODICALS.
*Academy.
American Agriculturist.
American Educational Monthly.
American Naturalist.
American Year-book.
Annual of Scientific Discovery.
Appleton's Journal.
Atlantic Monthly.
Dwight's Journal of Music.
Eclectic Magazine.
Every Saturday.
Galaxy.
Good Words.
Good Words for the Young.
Harper's Bazar.
Harper's Magazine.
Harper's Weekly.




60            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Journal of Social Science.
Lippincott's Magazine.
Littell's Living Age.
Nation, The.
*Nature.
North American Review.
Old and New.
Oliver Optic's Magazine.
Our Young Folks.
Overland Monthly.
*Punch.
Scientific American.
Scribner's Monthly.
POETRY, INCLUDING DRAMA.
Allen, W. F., and others. Slave Songs of the United States.
*Allingham, W. Ballad Book.
*Barham, R. H. Ingoldsby Legends.
*Bonar, R. H. Hymns of Faith and Hope.
Brownell, H. H. War Lyrics.
Browning, E. B. Poems.
Browning, R. Poems.
Bryant, W. C. Poems.
Selections from the American Poets.
Burns, R. Poetical Works.
*Butler, S. Hudibras.
Byron, G., Lord. Poetical Works.
Campbell, T. Poetical Works.
Specimens of the British Poets.
Chaucer, G. Canterbury Tales.
Selections.
*Clough, A. H. Poems.
Coleridge, S. T. Poetical Works.
Cowper, W. Poetical Works.
*Crabbe, G. Poetical Works.
*Croker, T. C. Popular Songs of Ireland.
Dana, C. A. Household Book of Poetry.
*Dante Alighieri. Divine Comed9. Tr. by H. W. Longfellow.
Vision. [Divine Comedy.] Tr. by H. F. Cary.
Dryden, J. Poetical Works.
Emerson, R. W. Poems.




FREE PUBLIC LBIRARIES.                     6 
French, S. Standard Dramas.
Minor Dramas.
*Goethe, J. W. von. Dramatic Works. Tr.
Goldsmith, O. Poems.
Gray, T. Poetical Works.
Harte, F. Bret. Poems.
*Hemans, F. Select Poetical Works.
*Herbert, G. Poetical Works.
Holmes, O. W. Poems.
Homer. Iliad. Tr. by W. C. Bryant.
Tr. by A. Pope. Bohn's ed.
Odyssey. Tr. by A. Pope. Do.
Hood, T. Poetical Works.
Howe, J. W. Later Lyrics.
Ingelow, J. Poems.
Keats, J. Poetical Works.
Keble, J. Christian Year.
Lyra Innocentium.
*Lamb, C. Specimens of English Poets.
Lockhart, J. G. Ancient Spanish Ballads.
Longfellow, H. W. Poems.
Poets and Poetry of Europe. Tr.
Lowell, J. R. Poems.
Lyra Americana.
Lyra Anglicana.
*Lyra Apostolica.
*Lyra Domestica. Tr.
*Lyra Germanica. Tr.
Macaulay, T. B. Lays of Ancient Rome.
Mackay, C. One Thousand and One Gems of English Poetry.
*Martin, T., and Aytoun, W. E. (Bon Gaultier). Ballads.
Milton, J. Poems. [Concordance, ed. Cleveland.]
Montgomery, J. Poetical Works.
Moore, F. Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution.
Moore, T. Irish Melodies.
Lalla Rookh.
Morris, W. Earthly Paradise.
Palgrave, F. T. Golden Treasury of Songs.
Palmer, R. Book of Praise.
Parton, J. Humorous Poetry of English Language.
Patmore, C. Children's Garland.
*Percy, T. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.




62             FREE PtUBLIC LIBRARIES.
*Poe, E. A. Poems.
Pope, A. Poetical Works.
*Praed, W. M. Poetical Works.
*Procter, A. A. Poems.
Rogers, S. Italy.
Poems.
Rossetti, C. G. Poems.
*Saxe, J. G. Poems.
*Schiller, F. von. Historical Dramas. Tr.
Poems. Tr. by Bulwer.
Scott, Sir W. Poetical Works.
Shakespeare, W. Works. ed. White.
ed. Knight.
ed. Hudson.
Shelley, P. B. Poetical Works.
*Southey, R. Poems.
Spenser, E. Fairy Queen.
Tennyson, A. Poems.
*Thomson, J. Poetical Works.
Trench, R. C. Household Book of English Poetry.
*              Justin Martyr, and Other Poems.
Watts, I. Hymns.
White, R. G. Poetry of the Civil War.
Whitmarsh, C. S. Hymns of the Ages.
Whittier, J. G. Poems.
Willis, N. P. Sacred Poetry.
Wordsworth, W. Poetical Works.
*Young, E. Night Thoughts.
POLITICS, INCLUDING ECONOMY AND LAW.
*Austin, J. Lectures on Jurisprudence.
*Bastiat, F. Essays on Political Economy. Tr.
Blackstone, W. Commentaries. ed. Sharswood.
Bowen, F. Documents of Constitution.
Burke, E. Works.
Carey, H. C. Manual of Social Science, condensed by Kate McKean.
*Cobden Club. Systems of Land Tenure.
*Cdbden, R. Political Writings. ed. Bryant.
*Cushing, L. S. Law and Practice of Legislative Assemblies.
*Herrick, W. A. Town and Parish Officers.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                     63
Kent, J. Commentaries on American Law.
Lieber, F. Civil Liberty and Self-government.
Lincoln, A. Extracts from Speeches and Letters.
*Maconochie, A. On the Management of Transported Criminals.
*Mackenzie, T. Studies in the Roman Law.
Maine, H. S. Ancient Law.
McPherson, E. Political Manuals (U. S.).
Mill, J. S. Liberty.
*Political'Economy.
Representative Government.
Subjection of Women.
Mulford, E. The Nation.
Rogers, J. E. T. Manual of Political Economy.
Smith, A. Wealth of Nations.
Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de. Democracy in America. Tr.
Walker, A. Science of Wealth.
Webster, D. Works.
Wheaton, H. International Law. ed. Dana.
Woolsey, T. D. Introduction to Study of International Law.
SCIENCE.
Agassiz, E. C. First Lessons in Natural History.
Agassiz, E. C., and A. Seaside Studies in Natural History.
Agassiz, L. J. R. Geological Sketches.
Methods of Study in Natural History.
Ainslee, A. C. Smoking Fires.
Airy, G. B. Lectures on Astronomy.
*Arago, D. F. Astronomy. Tr.
Baird, R. H. American Cotton Spinner.
Barnard, C. Simple Flower Garden.
Beecher, C. E., and Stowe, H. B. Principles of Domestic Science.
Beecher, H. W. Fruits, Flowers, and Farming.
Bell, C. Hand; its Mechanism.
Bellows, A. J. Philosophy of Eating.
Bigelow, J. Modern Inquiries.
*Bowditch, H. I. Consumption in New England.
*Brewster, D. Kaleidoscope.
X~* More Worlds than One.
Stereoscope.
Broderip, W. J. Leaves from Note-book of a Naturalist.
Zoilogical Recreations.




64             FREE PUBLIC LIBR             TES.
Brown, J. Health.
Bruyssel, E. Van. Population of an Old Pear-tree. Tr.
Buckland, F. T. Curiosities of Natural History.
*Burgess, J. T. Old English Wild Flowers.
Carpenter. W. B. Human Physiology.
Combe, G. Constitution of Man.
Cooke, J. P. Religion and Chemistry.
Dalton, J. C. Human Physiology.
Dana, J. D. Rudimentary Mineralogy.
Text-book of Geology.
Darwin, C. Animals and Plants under Domestication.
Descent of Man.
Origin of Species.
Voyage of a Naturalist.
De La Beche, H. T. Geological Observer.
How to Observe.
Mining, Quarrying, etc.
*Dempsey, G. D. Locomotive Engine.
Downing, A. G. Architecture of Country Houses.
Landscape Gardening.
Draper, L. C., and Croffut, W. A. Helping Hands for American
Homes.
Emerson, G. B., and Flint, C. L. Manual of Agriculture.
Ewbank, T. Hydraulic and Other Machines.
Fairbairn, W. Iron, its History.
Faraday, M. Chemical History of a Candle.
Lectures on the Various Forces of Matter.
Figuier, G. L. Insect World. Tr.
Ocean World. Tr.
Vegetable World. Tr.
World before the Deluge. Tr.
Flint, C. L. Grasses and Forage Plants.
*Forbes, E. Natural History of Europe.
Ganot, A. Elementary Treatise on Physics. Tr. by E. Atkinson.
*Gosse, P. H. Evenings at the Microscope.
i*             Ocean.
Romance of Natural History.
Gray, A. Botanical Text-book.
First Lessons in Botany.
Guillemin, A. The Heavens. Tr.
Guyot, A. Earth and Man. Tr.
Geography, Introduction to the Study of.




FRL    PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                  65
Guyot, A. Common School Geography.
Hall, W. W. Health by Good Living.
Sleep.
*Harris, T. W. Insects injurious to Vegetation.
*Hartwig, G. Polar World.
Hassall, A. H. Food and its Adulterations.
*Herschel, J. F. Natural Philosophy.
Physical Geography.
Hoare, G. T. Village Museum.
Hooker, W. Child's Book of Nature.
Humboldt, A. von. Cosmos. ed. Sabine. Tr.
n   ~         ~~* Views of Nature. Tr.
Huxley, T. H. Man's Place in Nature.
and Youmans, W. J. Elements of Physiology.
Johnson, S. W. How Crops Grow.
Johnston, J. F. W. Chemistry of Common Life.
Relations of Chemistry to Agriculture.
*Kingsley, C. Glaucus.
*Knox, R. Races of Men.
Lankester, E. On Food.
Half-hours with the Microscope.
Lewes, G. H. Physiology of Common Life.
Liebig, J. von. Agricultural Chemistry. Tr.
Lindley, J. Horticulture.
Lyell, Sir C. Student's Elements of Geology.
Mace, J. History of a Bit of Bread. Tr.
Servants of the Stomach. Tr.
Macmillan, H. Bible Teachings in Nature.
Maling, E. A. In-door Plants.
Mayhew, H. Wonders of Familiar Things.
Miller, H. Foot-prints of the Creator.
Old Red Sandstone.
Miller, W. A. Elements of Chemistry.
Mitchel, O. M. Astronomy of the Bible.
Mitchell, D. G. Rural Studies.
Wet Days at Edgewood.
Norris, T. American Angler's Book.
American Fish Culture.
Parkman, F. Book of Roses.
Pepper, J. H. Scientific Amusements.
Putnam, E. Receipt Book.
Rand, E. S. Flowers for Parlor and Garden.
5




66             FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
*Roscoe, H. E. Spectrum Analysis.
Samuels, E. A. Birds of New England.
Saxton, C. M. Rural Hand-books, namely, —
Abell, L. G. Housewife's Book.
American Rose Culturist.
Bement, C. N. Rabbit Fancier.
Bentz, L. Elements of Agriculture.
Browne, D. J. American Bird Fancier.
Dana, S. L. Essay on Manures.
Fessenden, T. G. American Kitchen Gardener.
The Hasty-pudding.
Hooper, J. J. Dog and Gun.
Johnson, L. Every Lady her own Flower Gardener.
Liebig, J. v. Letters on Chemistry.
Maize, or Indian Corn.
Milburn, M. M. The Cow.
Miles, H. A. The Horse's Foot.
Persoz, J. F. Culture of the Vine.
Pests of the Farm.
Phelps, E. W. Bee-keeper's Chart.
Reemelin, C. The Vine-dresser's Manual.
Richardson, H. D. Domestic Fowl and Poultry.
The Hive and Honey-bee.
The Hog.
Horses.
Topham, J. Chemistry made Easy.
Weeks, J. M. Managing Bees.
*Simonin, L. Underground Life. Tr.
*Somerville, M. Connection of the Physical Sciences.
Physical Geography.
Stewart, B. Lessons in Elementary Physics.
Tyndall, J. On Heat.
On Light.
On Sound.
Vulliet, M. Geography of Nature. Tr.
*Ward, M. Microscope Teachings.
*Whewell, W. History of the Inductive Sciences.
*White, G. Natural History of Selborne.
Whitney, J. D. Metallic Wealth of U. S.
*Wilson, A., and Bonaparte, C. American Ornithology.
Winchell, A. Sketches of Creation.
Winslow, F. Light.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                     67
Wonders, Library of. Acoustics.
Bottom of the Sea.
Glass Making.
Heat.
Heavens.
Human Body.
Intelligence of Animals.
Light-houses.
Moon.
Optics.
Sun.
Thunder and Lightning. All Tr.
Wood, J. G. Bible Animals.
c*            Homes without Hands.
*             Uncivilized Races.
Wyman, M. Ventilation.
Youatt, W. Cattle.
Horse.
Youmans, E. L. Correlation of Forces.
Culture demanded by Modern Life.
TRAVEL.
Abbott, J. Rollo's Travels. [Several Volumes.]
Agassiz, L. J. R. Journey in Brazil.
*Ainsworth, W. H. Pictorial Tower of London.
*Alcock, Sir R. Capital of the Tycoon.
American Family in Paris.
*Andersson, C. J. Lake Ngami.
Baker, Sir S. W. Albert Nyanza, Great Basin of the Nile.
Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia.
*Ball, J. Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers.
Barker, Lady F. N. Station Life in New Zealand.
*Barrow, Sir J. Voyages in the Arctic Regions.
*Bartlett, W. H. Forty Days in the Desert.
*Beckford, W. Italy.
Bickmore, A. S.'Pravels in East Indian Archipelago.
Blackwood, F. T. (Lord Dufferin). Letters from High Latitudes.
Borrow, G. Bible in Spain.
Bowles, S. Across the Continent.
Brace, C. L. Home Life in Germany.
*Bremer, F. Homes of the New World. Tr.




68            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Browne, J. R. American Family in Germany.
Crusoe's Island.
Land of Thor.
*Calderon de la Barca, F. E. Life in Mexico.
Carter, R. Summer Cruise on the Coast of New England.
*Chevalier, M. The United States. Tr.
Clemens, S. L. (Mark Twain). Innocents Abroad.
Cleveland, R. J. Voyages and Commercial Enterprises.
Coffin, C. C. Our New Way around the World.
*Cook, J. Voyages round the World.
*Cumming, R. G. Hunter's Life in South Africa.
*Curtis, G. W. Howadji in Syria.
Nile Notes.
*Curzon, R. Monasteries in the Levant.
Dana, R. H. Two Years before the Mast.
*Dilke, C. W. Greater Britain.
Du Chaillu, P. Ashango Land.
Equatorial Africa.
Eaton, E. Rome in the Nineteenth Century.
Fletcher, J. C. Brazil and Brazilians.
Ford, R. Spaniards and their Country.
Fortune, R. Tea Countries of China.
Fremont, J. C. Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains.
*Gerard, C. J. B. Lion Hunting in Algeria.
*Gordon, L. A. Duff. Letters from Egypt.
Greenwood, J. Wild Sports of the World.
Hare, A. J. C. Walks in Rome.
Hawthorne, N. Our Old Home.
Hayes, I. I. Open Polar Sea.
Head, Sir F. B. Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau.
*                Fagot of French Sticks.
~~~*         Journey Across the Pampas.
Hillard, G. S. Six Months in Italy.
Howells, W. D. Italian Journeys.
Venetian Life.
*Howitt, W. Student Life in Germany.
Huc, E. R. Journey through the Chinese Empire. Tr.
Travels in Tartary. Tr.
*Humboldt, F. H. A. von. Travels and Researches. Tr.
Kane, E. K. Explorations in the Arctic Regions.
Expedition in Search of Sir J. Franklin.
Second Expedition.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                    69
Kennan, G. Tent Life in Siberia.
Kinglake, A. W. Eothen.
*Kohl, J. G. Austria. Tr.
*            Russia. Tr.
*Laing, S. Residence in Norway.
*Lamartine, A. M. L. P. de. Travels in the East. Tr.
Lander, S. W. Spectacles for Young Eyes; Berlin, Boston, Moscow, New York, Pekin, Rome, St. Petersburg,
and Zurich.
Layard, A. H. Nineveh and its Remains.
*Lewis, M., and Clarke, W. Travels to Sources of Missouri River.
Livingstone, D. Missionary Travels in South Africa.
Longfellow, H. W. Outre-mer.
*Lloyd, L. Peasant Life in Sweden.
*Lynch, W. F. Expedition to Dead Sea.
M'Clintock, Sir F. L. Voyage of the Fox.
MacGregor, J. One Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe.
March, C. W. Madeira and Portugal.
*Martineau, H. Eastern Life.
*              Society in America.
Meriam, M. B. Home Life in Africa.
*Meteyard, E. Hallowed Spots of Ancient London.
Miller, H. First Impressions of England.
*Milton (Fitzwilliam, W. W.) and Cheadle, W. B.
Northwest Passage by Land.
*Montagu, Lady M. Letters from Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Murray, J. Handbooks. (A Selection recommended.)
(Great Britain.) Handbook for Berks, Bucks, and
Oxfordshire.
Devon and Cornwall.
Durham and Northumberland.
Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, and Herefordshire.
Kent and Sussex.
Yorkshire.
North Wales.
South Wales.
Scotland.
Ireland.
London.
(Europe.) The Continent.
Belgium and the Rhine.
France.




70            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Murray, J. Handbook for Paris.
Northern Europe. Parts I, 2.
Knapsack Guide to Norway.
Russia, Poland, and Finland.
Southern Germany.
Switzerland, and the Alps of Savoy and Piedmont.
Northern Italy.
Central Italy. Parts I, 2.
Rome.
Southern Italy.
Sicily.
Portugal.
Spain.
Greece.
Turkey.
(Asia and Africa.) Syria and Palestine.
Egypt.
Norton, C. E. Travel and Study in Italy.
*Oliphant, L. Lord Elgin's Mission to China and Japan.
Olmsted, F. L. American Farmer in England.
Cotton Kingdom.
Journey in the Seaboard Slave States.
*Osborn, S. Discovery of Northwest Passage by Capt. R.McClure.
Palgrave, W. G. Year's Journey through Arabia.
*Park, Mungo. Travels into Central Africa.
Parkman, F. California and Oregon Trail.
*Parry, Sir W. E. Three Voyages to the Polar Sea.
*Porter, J. L. Five Years in Damascus.
Pumpelly, R. Across America and Asia.
Richards, T. A. Appleton's Handbook of Travel in United States
and Canadas.
Appleton's Illustrated Handbook of American
Travel.
Robinson, E., and Smith, E. Biblical Researches in Palestine.
*St. John, B. Adventures in the Libyan Desert.
*           The Louvre.
Sargent, E. Arctic Adventure.
*Scoresby, W. Arctic Regions.
*Sleeman, W. H. Journey through the Kingdom of Oude.
Speke, J. H. Discovery of the Source of the Nile.
Squier, E. G. Nicaragua.
Stanley, A. P. Sinai and Palestine.




FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.                     7I
Stephens, J. L. Travel in Central America.
Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petrea, and Holy Land.
*Story, W. W. Roba di Roma.
*Taine, H. Italy, Rome, and Naples. Tr.
Taylor, J. B. Colorado.
Cyclopedia of Modern Travel.
Northern Travel.
Views Afoot.
Thomson, W. M. The Land and the Book.
Thoreau, H. D. Cape Cod.
Maine Woods.
Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers.
*Trollope, T. A. Lenten Journey in Umbria and the Marches.
Tuckerman, H. T. America and her Commentators.
*Tyndall, J. Glaciers of the Alps.
*Vambery, A. Travels in Central Asia. Tr.
Wallis, S. T. Spain.
*Warburton, E. Crescent and the Cross.
*Wilkes, C. United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-42.
*Wordsworth, C. Athens and Attica.
WORKS OF REFERENCE.
Adler, G. J. German-English Dictionary.
Allibone, S. A. Dictionary of British and American Authors.
American Cyclopaedia. [Appletons.]
American Annual Cyclopaedia for I86i-1870.
Atlas, BIack's, or Colton's, or Johnston's.
Bartlett, J. Familiar Quotations. 5th ed.
Bartlett, J. R. Dictionary of Americanisms.
PIouvier, J. Law Dictionary. 6th ed.
Brande, W. T., and Cox, G. W. Diet. of Science, Literature, and
Art.
*Bryan, M. Dictionary of Painters and Engravers.
*Burton, W. E. Cyclopaedia of Wit and Humor.
Chambers' Cyclopedia of English Literature.
*Chambers' Encyclopaedia.
Clarke, M. C. Complete Concordance to Shakespere.
*Crabb, G. Dictionary of Arts and Sciences.
Cruden, A. Complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures.
Duyckinck, E. A., and G. L. Cyclopedia of American Literature.
*Fleming, W. Vocabularyof Philosophy. ed. Krauth.
Haydn, J. Dictionary of Dates. Harpers' ed.




72            FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
Lange, T. P. Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. Tr. by P.
Schaff.
*Latham's Johnson's Dictionary.
Latin Quotations, Dictionary of. Bohn's ed.
Loudon, J. C. Encyclopaedia of Plants.
Lowndes, A. T. Bibliographer's Manual. Bohn's ed.
*McCulloch, J. R. Commercial Dictionary.
Martin, F. Hand-book of Contemporary Biography.
Statesman's Year-book for I870.
Men of the Time.
*Moore, J. W. Encyclopaedia of Music.
Poole, W. F. Index to Periodical Literature.
Poor, H. V. Railroad Manual for the United States.
*Rodwell, G. F. Dictionary of Science.
*Roget, P. M. Thesaurus. ed. Sears.
Smith, W. Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and
Geography.
Dictionary of the Bible. ed. Hackett and Abbot.
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities.
Latin-English Dictionary.
Soule, R. Dictionary of Synonymes.
Spiers, A., and Surenne, G. French-English Dictionary.
Thomas, J. Dictionary of Biography and Mythology.
Thomas, J., and Baldwin, T. Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer.
*Tomlinson, C. Cyclopaedia.
Townsend, G. H. Manual of Dates.
Ure, A. Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines.
Waring, G. E. Handy Book of Husbandry.
Webster, N. Dictionary of the English Language.
Wheeler, W. A. Dictionary of the Noted Names of Fiction.
Worcester, J. E. Dictionary of the English Language.
Wright, T. Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English. Bohhn's
ed.
Zell, T. E. Popular Encyclopaedia.
Among works of reference may be included sets of periodicals, e.g.Atlantic Monthly.
Contemporary Review.
Edinburgh Review.
Harpers' Magazine.
Littell's Living Age.
Nation.
North American Review.
Quarterly Review.




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a free library are exempt from the 25 per cent. duty
which is laid on books, except those published for
more than twenty-five years. Imported books should
be bound abroad.
A good deal can be saved by waiting until a new
book has had its first run, and then buying it from
large libraries like the New York Mercantile Library,
or Mudie's in London, where duplicates are taken in
quantity, and disposed of at much reduced prices as
the demand subsides. W. H. Smith & Son, of Lon,
don, issue a monthly bulletin of new and secondhand books at generally low rates.
But this course is not commended, as a general
rule, to readers of this pamphlet. A book is worth
all it costs, when new, compared with what it costs,
when the interest in it may have ceased. A free
library ought to be fresh; and if it must practice




74         FREE PUBLIC LIBRARIES.
economy, it had better buy a single new book than
several old ones.  Standard works will draw few
visitors; works, not standard, and yet out of date,
will draw none. The public want books that are
talked about.
The Association by which this pamphlet is issued
will furnish the address of a bookseller, if desired, by
whom a liberal discount on the retail prices of books
will be allowed. He will furnish estimates of cost
for both sets of books, unstarred and starred, in our
list, so that they may be ordered as sets, if the managers of a library so determine. In this the Association has no pecuniary or other interest, and neither
guarantees the bookseller to the library nor the library
to the bookseller.












JUST PUBLISHED.
HANDBOOK FOR IMMIGRANTS
TO THE UNITED STATES.
In one volume, crown 8vo, linen, 50 cents.
CONTENTS. -Part 1. General Directions.  Part II. The United State
Part Il. T he States. Part IV. The Territories. Part V. The Publ
Lands.
This work is intended for distribution by Emigration Agencies in E
rope, Steamship Iines, Boards of Immigration and State Charities, ai
Railroad and Land Corporations in the United States. It is eslpecia
commended to those in the management of public boards, steamship. ra
way, and land companies, by whom the publication and distribution
future editions may be greatly aided. If printed to the extent that is pr
posed, and in different languages, the Handlook will require much larg
resources and facilities than can be furnished by the Association publis
ing it. Immigration is of such national and international concern;
many interests, lubllic and private, are involved in its judicious directio,
so liuch suffering and loss may be spared to the immigrant, and therefc
to the nation which he joins, by informing and guarding hinm, that we ca
not but hope for generous coiperation in making this lIandbook an i
strument of wide-spread good.
"It opens with general directions, in which is pointed out what labor
required in this country and what is not, who, therefore, should come a
who shouldl remain where they are. Then follow full directions as to t
manner of getting here and how to proceed on arrival; particulars of t
climate, soil, mineral resources, history, government, naturalization, prc
erty laws, education, manufactures, commerce, taxation, and revenue;
description of the chief features of the various States and the regulatio
in reference to the public lands. An excellent map is appended. It
stated in the preface that this first edition is simply experimental, but if
excite that amount of interest which will induce people to accept" the
vitation to take part in perfecting the work, a second edition much bet,
than this is promised. As a basis of oFcration it is capital, an immer
amount of valuable information having been compressed into its hundr
and twenty pages. That it will do much toward attracting useful emigrai
and repelling the useless, who would prove a burden and not a help.
believe, and that its value nay be enhanced in future editions by inforn
tion from all quarters we hope."- Philadelp/ia Inquirer.




OTHER PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION.
TRANSACTIONS (abridged), Part I. 1865-6.
Do.              "   " II. 1866-7.
OCCASIONAL PAPERS, No. I. May, I868.
Do.         " 2. September, I868.
LAW AS AN ELEMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE. I868. 25
cents.
RECENT PHASES OF THOUGHT IN POLITICAL ECONOMY.
1868. 25 cents.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, containing the Transactions
of the American Association, No. I. I869. $1.50.
Do.       do.      " 2. 1870.    I.50.
Do.       do.       " 3. 1871.    I.50.
Do.       do.       " 4.     (In press.)
HAND-BOOK FOR IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES.
Crown 8vo, linen, 50 cents.
COLLECTIONS OF CASTS, Subjects selected for the Girls'
High and Normal School, Boston, the Mode and
Cost of procuring them. Crown 8vo, paper, 15
cents.