B 901,645 * i I7 1;I6 7 liiiiiiiijifnililifilTrrrTTITrrm I - i4in RECEIVED IN EX(IIANGlE I fu-11TIwalinTaml nnin lTjTrTnrnTnTj,,,j - - - - I f- I Ado, do*7 X7 a +N7 * / b,.1 I I -... I I I 1,.. i I a I I ok I.1 I il ik. 'A '4 I I I II t I II II i i I I k II I;.I A At k Ii INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY A STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE AMALGAMATION OF EUROPEAN PEOPLES SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY JULIUS DRACHSLER, M. A. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY IN SMITH COLLEGE New York 1921 Iii Copyright, 1921 By JULIUS DRACHSLER PREFACE This monograph is a first attempt in a field of sociological research that has thus far been cultivated only to a very limited degree, and in which careful and exhaustive work would, without doubt, bring substantial results. The problem of the amalgamation of ethnic groups in the United States is of deep interest not only to the student of group life and group interaction, but also to the practical worker in the field of Americanization. Because of the intensely controversial nature of the whole question, it has seemed to me that nothing is more important for a scientific apprehension of the problem than the effort to secure basic facts first, and then proceed cautiously with the elaboration of theories of assimilation and amalgamation. In this monograph some of these basic facts are presented, and their wider bearings upon public policies of assimilation indicated. In a companion volume entitled Democracy and Assimilation: The Blending of Immigrant Heritages in America, published by The Macmillan Company, 1920, I have ventured a more popular discussion and interpretation of the data in this study. The two publications are distinct not only in purpose, but to a large extent also in form and in content. The emphasis in this monograph is upon the facts and their scientific explanation. Evaluations of the results are carefully avoided. In the more popular treatise stress is placed upon the meaning of the facts from the point of view of the practical worker who wishes to aid in framing a reasonable and effective public policy for the incorporation into American life of the numerous immigrant groups and of their immediate descendants. Of the ten chapters in the Macinillan publication, three are substantially the same in content as Chapters II., III. and IV. of this monograph. Chapter V., Statistical Appendix, however, is almost wholly omit 409026 ted. This part contains all the source material and important derived tables that make the monograph of value to students who may desire to follow out some of the lines of investigation indicated. I am deeply indebted to Professors A. A. Tenney and R. E. Chaddock for their invaluable aid while the manuscript was in preparation. The printing of the study would have been impossible, had it not been for the generous aid of Professor Edwin R. A. Seligman in securing the major portion of the publication fund through contributions from Mrs. Sidney C. Borg, Messrs. D. M. Heyman, Fred M. Stein, Cyrus L. Sulzberger and Justice Irving Lehman. To these I wish to express my great and lasting obligation. A final word of thanks is due to Professor F. H. Giddings; also to Professor Henry R. Seager for his kindness and courtesy in editing for the Studies a statistical monograph which presented peculiarly difficult problems of printing and publication. JULIUS DRACHSLER. New York City, January 1st, 1921. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE.................................................... 3 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: THE PROLEM................... 7 I. Lack of Scientific Data. II. Character of the New Immigration. III. The Movement for Americanization. IV. Need for a New Approach. V*. Aim of this Study. CHAPTER II. METHOD AND SCOPE............................ 14 I. Earlier Methods of Studying Problem of Amalgamation. II. General Method and Limitations of this Study. III. Intermarriage Ratio as Index of Assimilation. IV. Selection of an American Community for Study. V. Source of Data. VI. Number of Records Analyzed. VII. Method of Selection. VIII. Kinds of Data Gathered. IX. Statistical Tables. X. Sources of Error-Doubtful Nationality; Definition of Intermarriage; "Specious" Second Generation. XI. Statistical Refinements Omitted. CHAPTER III. RESULTS...................................... 31 a I. Intermarriage Within Generations. II. Increase in Proportion of Intermarriage in Second Generation. III. Hypothesis 1. Disparity in Sex Ratios among Marriageable Persons; Hypothesis 2. Rise in Economic Status; Hypothesis 3. Weakening of Group Solidarity. IV. Grouping of Nationalities According to Ratio of Intermarriage. V. Intermarriage Between Jews and Non-Jews. VI. Miscegenation of Whites and Negroes. VII. Amalgamation Among Northern and Northwestern European Peoples. VIII. Fusion Among,Irish and Italians. IX. Increase of Proportion of Intermarriage of Second Generation Over First. X. Number of Nationalities Intermarried with in Second Generation. XI. Apparent Choice of Nationalities in Second Generation. XII. Occupation and Intermarriage. XIII. Culture Level and s Intermarriage. XIV. Summary of Significant Facts. XV. Further Uses of Derived Tables and Original Data. is CHAPTER IV. INTERPRETATIONS: THE BEARING OF THE RESULTS UPON PUBLIC POLICIES OF ASSIMILATION............... 71 I. Need for Separating Scientific Explanations of Facts from Their Ethical Evaluation. II. The Ideal of Ethnic Purity. III. The Ideal of Rapid and Thorough Ethnic Amalgamay tion. 'IV. The Ideal of Gradual Amalgamation. V. The Ideal of Intellectual and Emotional Harmony. VI. Implications for General Sociological Theory. CHAPTER V. STATISTICAL APPENDIX......................... 87 5 [157 Ia INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY A Statistical Study of the Amalgamation of European Peoples CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM I. LACK OF SCIENTIFIC DATA By common agreement among competent students of American social problems, the proper incorporation of the foreign-born and of their immediate descendants into the body politic is considered a question of basic national concern. But although there is much discussion of a controversial nature, both within the narrower circle of scholars and among the public at large, it is based upon comparatively scanty fundamental data. Unrelated, though frequently keen observations, alternate with generalizations that are superficial and often flippant, each based on more or less Specious race theories. On the biological aspects of amalgamation in the -.United States there is virtually no scientific information A available. Little is known of the extent of the fusion, of,the rate at which it is taking place, of the groups amalgar mating quickly or slowly. Still less is known of the biol-,ogic effects in the actual cases of intermarriage, while the subtle interplay in mixed marriages of different types of, mind and of culture has thus far almost completely eluded A the observation of the scientific student. "Much remains to i"be done in the study of this subject," writes Professor I591 7 8 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [i6o Boas', "and, considering our lack of knowledge of the most elementary facts that determine the outcome of this process, I feel it behooves us to be most cautious in our reasoning...." Little more that can stand the test of scientific criticism has been added to an understanding of the sociological phases of the problem.2 II. CHARACTER OF THE NEW IMMIGRATION The turning point in the character of immigration is generally conceded to have been around 1882 which marks the beginning of a strong migratory movement of the Eastern and Southern European peoples as contrasted with the earlier movements of Northern and Northwestern European nationalities. The latter had come in comparatively small groups; they were ethnically related to each other, and they tended to scatter over a wide area instead of concentrating 1 Franz Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man. Ch. X., Race Problems in the United States, p. 263. 2No exhaustive studies of the community life of the various immigrant groups are as yet available. The study of "Methods of Amerjcanization" which is being conducted by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, is perhaps the most comprehensive effort thus far launched in this field of research. The results of the study have not yet been published. The most elaborate single analysis is contained in the Jewish Communal Register for New York City, 1917-18, a survey of the activities of the Jewish Community of Greater New York. Other, more or less authoritative sources are: Reports of the Immigration Commission, Vol. I., pp. 494-497, Types of Immigration Communities; J. W. Jenks and W. J. Lauck, The Immigration Problem, Ch. V., Manufacturing and Mining Communities, pp. 72-79; Ch. VII., Immigrant Institutions; Report of the Commission on Immigration to Massachusetts, Ch. IX., Sec. 2, Organizations Among Immigrants for Self-Help; Emily G. Balch, Our Slavic Fellow Citizens. Ch. XVII., The Organized Life of Slavs in America; H. P. Fairchild, Greek Immigration to the United States; Grace Abbott, The Immigrant and the Community; Robert F. Foerster, The Italian Emigration of Our Times; Lord, Trenor and Barrows, The Italian in America; Thomas Burgess, Greeks in America; Enrico C. Sartorio, Social and Religious Life of Italianv in America; Archibald McClure, Leadership i6i ] INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM. 9 in the cities. The problem of assimilation thus virtually solved itself. Had the new settlers, who were ethnically different groups, come in small numbers or as detached individuals, their presence among the earlier comers would hardly have attracted much attention. As it was, however, the huge waves of immigration which flooded the shores of America began slowly to arouse the fears of the native population. The high water mark of the new immigration was reached in 1907 when almost 1,300,000 immigrants landed here.3 During the year ending June 30, 1914, very nearly one and a quarter millions came, representing almost forty nationalities in Europe. The outstanding features, then, of immigration during the 30 years before the EurQpean War were the steady rise, on the whole, in the volume of the incoming flow and the massing of the foreign-born in the large commercial and industrial centres. While the proportionate number of foreign-born whites in the United States increased only slightly in this period, the absolute number increased from a little over six and a half millions to thirteen and a half millions.4 Still more significant was the growth of the foreign colonies, which doubled and trebled their numbers between 1890 and 1910.6 This was especially marked among the peoples from Eastern and Southern Europe. A very considerable portion of the foreign-born, it was constantly pointed out, cannot speak English at all, and a still larger number have only a fragmentary knowledge of it.6 of the New America, Racial and Religious; H. B. Grose, Aliens or Americans, Ch. VII, Immigration and the National Character, The American of To-morrow; Wm. P. Shriver, Immigrant Forces, Ch. III., The New Communities. 8 Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration, 1915, p. 122, Table XV. 413th Census, 1910, Vol. I., Pop. Stat. p. 831, Table 32. 5 13th Census, 1910, Vol. I., Pop. Stat. p. 854, Table 37. 6 Basing its estimate upon the census of 1910, the Bureau of Education of the Department of the Interior gives for the United States IO INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [ i62 III. THE MOVEMENT FOR AMERICANIZATION The growing seriousness of the problems arising from the presence of large numbers of unassimilated aliens had come to be recognized long before the outbreak of the Great War. Congestion, unsanitary housing, industrial exploitation, undue strain upon educational facilities for children and adults were increasing more rapidly than the number of effective social measures calculated to remedy them. While publicists and students of race problems had begun the discussion in a more or less tentative spirit Foreign born whites, ten years of age or over, unable to speak English............................... 2,953,011 (Foreign born whites, 21 years of age and over, unable to speak English, 2,565,612) Colored population, ten years of age and over, unable to speak English, (Negro, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, etc.)................................... 138,196 Making a total, unable to speak English, of.......... 3,091,207 From 1910 to 1919, according to the annual reports of the Commissioner General of Immigration, over 4,000,000 immigrants arrived from non-English speaking countries. Therefore, it has been estimated that there are at least 5,000,000 non-English speaking persons in the United States at present. For detailed figures of foreign born whites, men and women 10 years of age and over, by States, unable to speak English, see Circulars No. 30, 33, 34, Bureau of Education, Department of the Interior; also Bulletin Americanization for June 1st, 1919, p. 16. The inability to read and understand English not only handicaps the foreigner in his pursuit of a livelihood, but in some occupations places him in danger of his life. According to the director of the United States Bureau of Mines, the rate of accidents among the nonEnglish speaking miners is not only greater in the great mining districts of the country, but the increased ratio is uniform in all districts. In his opinion, this demonstrates clearly that the inability to read warning signs, to comprehend fully the company's instructions and to understand their foremen, places an unnecessary hazard upon the foreignborn. In the Pennsylvania anthracite mines, for example, the figures show that 43% of the employees are English speaking and this number is charged with only 28.8% of the fatalities, whereas the other 36% sustained 71% of the fatalities. This is a comparative ratio of 669 to I631 INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM II of speculation,7 and settlements and social centres were pointing the way towards a clearer and more sympathetic understanding of the life of the foreign-born, it was not until 1907 that a federal immigration commission was ap1268 against the non-English speaking. In the Pennsylvania bituminous mines the ratio is 771 to 1123 and in the West Virginia district 790 to 1424. The report is concluded by the statement: "Had the fatality and injury rate for the English speaking Americans been maintained throughout the three groups there would have been a saving of 716 fatalities and 900 very serious injuries, a strong argument for Americanization and education of the miner." Abstract of report by Van H. Manning, Director of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. Bulletin, American'zation, June 1st, 1919, p. 11. Similarly, the value of English in curbing traffic accidents is coming to be stressed by transportation experts. They urge communities to stress to the foreign-born resident that a knowledge of the English language will help reduce the death list of 10,000 persons estimated to be the United States' annual toll to public carelessness, and ignorance of highway traffic. "Americanization committees," says W. P. Eno, chairman of the Advisory Committee of the Highway Transport Committee of the Council of National Defense, an international authority on traffic regulation, "should investigate their local conditions in this respect and should ask for the strictest enforcement of the English language test (for driver's license). Traffic offers an unlimited study of primary value upon which to base the lessons of the evening schools. It is a topic of as much universal appeal as the purchase of food or the employment office dialogue, for at some time during the day, practically every born foreign man or woman must use the streets." Bulletin, Americanization, June 1, 1919, p. 14. 7 Among numerous articles the following may serve as illustrations: a. G. Michaud, and F. H. Giddings, The Coming Race in America. Century Magazine, March, 1903, Vol. 65, pp. 683-692. b. F. H. Giddings, The American People, International Quarterly, Vol. 7, Number 2, June, 1903. c. M. Fishberg, Ethnic Factors in Immigration, Proceedings, National Conference of Charities and Correction, 1906, pp. 304-314. d. Wm. Z. Ripley, The European Population of the U. S., Huxley Memorial Lecture for 1908. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XXXVIII. 1908. e. A. Alleman, Immigration and the Future American Race, Pop. Sci. Monthly, December, 1909, Vol. 5, pp. 586-596. 12 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [ I64 pointed which, four years later, issued its comprehensive report of more than forty volumes. But it was the war crisis (July, 1914 to November, 1918) that brought the question of the assimilation of the foreign-born to a head. Americanization activities multiplied rapidly.8 The propaganda of the Bureau of Naturalization, the "America First" campaign of the U. S. Bureau of Education, the organization of the committee of One Hundred of the National Education Association, the organization of committees on Americanization by various trade associations and chambers of commerce and other similar efforts culminated in the conference on methods of Americanization in Washington, on May 12-15, 1919, called by the Secretary of the Interior. As a result of the interchange of opinions and of experiences effected by the Conference, it became clear that if the problem of the proper incorporation of the foreignborn was to be adequately treated, future efforts must proceed along three important lines, namely, the establishment of more intimate and more sympathetic personal relations between the native-born population and the alien groups, stressing particularly the need and the value of the cultural contributions of the foreign-born to American life; the co-ordination of the manifold Americanization activities throughout the country to eliminate duplication of work and to save energy and initiative; the promotion of co-operation between the Federal and the State governments in the field of Americanization, definitely recognizing the national scope and character of the question. Steps have already been taken to secure Congressional legislation upon this subject.9 8 For a brief account of the efforts made to arouse public interest in Americanization, see article by Howard C. Hill, "The Americanization Movement," American Journal of Sociology, May, 1919. 9 As an illustration may be cited the Smith-Bankhead bill on Americanization (S. 5464-H. R. 15402) now before Congress. i65] INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM 13 IV. NEED FOR A NEW APPROACH In the meantime nothing has impressed itself more definitely upon the mind of the critical student of the Americanization movement as a whole, than the more or less superficial character of the efforts made thus far and the urgent need of approaching the problem from a more secure basis than can be furnished by cursory observation and reflection. It would, of course, be unwise to discard altogether the results arrived at in these two ways, since it is through suggestions which they yield that valuable working hypotheses may be framed and an understanding obtained of the inner meaning of the problem. Nevertheless, it is hazardous to be guided solely by such findings in formulating public policies of assimilation. The basic facts sought, should, if possible, be measurable quantities. They should, among other things, throw light upon such vital questions as the degree of actual amalgamation or biologic fusion among the European peoples and their descendants in the United States, the groups among which the amalgamation is occurring and the social and economic conditions under which the fusion is proceeding. While in a strictly scientific study the facts bearing upon these questions would have to be kept distinct from their interpretations or ethical evaluations, nevertheless the data gathered could serve as a much needed new approach to the discussion of the public policy to be followed in the proper incorporation of the immigrant groups. V. AIM OF THIS STUDY It is the aim of this study to make a beginning in this direction, by analyzing the situation as it presents itself in one of the large immigrant centers in the United States. The following monograph, accordingly, is devoted to setting forth some of the facts bearing upon the amalgamation of European peoples in New York City during a representative five-year period before the Great War (1908 -1912). CHAPTER II. METHOD AND SCOPE 1. EARLIER METHODS OF STUDYING THE PROBLEM OF AMALGAMATION A natural consequence of the lack of quantitative data bearing upon the amalgamation of peoples of different stocks is that statistical methods of treatment of the problem have not been fully developed. Whatever work has been done is either historical or observational in its content and method. Instances of group interaction in the past are selected, the general results noted from an analysis of historical records, and conclusions drawn that have more or less universal validity.1 Or, the process of assimilation is carefully observed in the case of living social groups.2 In all research of this nature, definite limits are set by the authenticity of the historical evidence, by the small number of proper examples illustrating the process, 1A striking illustration of this type of work is that by Ludwig Gumplowicz, Der Rassenkampf; also Sarah E. Simons, Social Assimilation, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 7, July-May, 1901-1902; Part II, V. Assimilation in the Ancient World; VI. Assimilation during the Middle Ages. 2Simons, Ibid., Part II, VII, Assimilation in the Western World (including Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, United States.) An ingenious method of study is employed in The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, Monograph of an Immigrant Group, by Wi. I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. Through an analysis of a series of peasant letters and autobiographical materials, light is thrown upon the organization of Polish peasant group-life and its modification in a new environment. I4 [I66 I67] METHOD AND SCOPE 15 by the skill and social insight the student exhibits in the interpretation of the facts and by the validity of the theory of race fusion the writer happens to espouse. With the development of statistical science, quantitative methods will doubtless come to supply the deficiencies in a substantial manner. It is even possible to conceive, without an undue stretch of the scientific imagination, that experimentation may be added as a further device for arriving at the social laws underlying the process of group interaction. The situation in the United States strongly suggests such a possibility. Here is to be found the requisite human material in great abundance and variety. Here group and class consciousness are, relatively speaking, less intense and less exclusive than perhaps in any other country. Consequently, while the biologic factors involved may possibly for a long time elude social control, the sociopsychic forces generated in the group contacts are certainly more amenable to conscious manipulation. At any rate, students are beginning to point out the unique opportunity America possesses in this respect. II. GENERAL METHOD AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY In this monograph the method followed is that of a statistical analysis of pertinent data contained in authentic marriage certificates. The general plan is to present the facts, as such, in the form of suitable statistical tables, to frame and test hypotheses to explain these facts, and to exclude from the discussion the ethical evaluation of the results themselves. No attempt, however, is made to treat the subject exhaustively or to go into statistical refinements. Indeed, this 'could hardly have been possible or justifiable with the materials at hand and with the limitations under which the statistical analysis itself had to proceed. There was, first, the lack of certain important figures necessary for more detailed comparisons between the various ethnic groups and:for calculating corrections. Thus the basic figures showing i6 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [i68 the number of marriageable men and women for each immigrant group separately and for each "generation"" (foreignborn of foreign parents, native-born of foreign parents and native-born of native parents) separately, are at present available only in the form, of estimates and could therefore be used only to a limited degree in the comparisons between the broad "generation" groups. But even if the data lacking had been obtainable, it is doubtful if very much more accurate results would have been achieved, since, owing to the large number of cases involved, the significant facts stand out almost as clearly as they would if corrected figures could be calculated. Furthermore, it is clear that an adequate study of the problem of amalgamation would involve the gathering and the analysis of additional data on the situation in smaller cities and towns throughout the country, and possibly also in the rural sections; on the biologic aspects of ethnic fusion, such as the relative fecundity of mixed marriages,4 the physical and mental vigor of the offspring; and on the sociological phases, such as the cultural effects of mixed marriages upon the home life, including the question of family desertions and intermarriage and divorce." In view of these definite limitations, this monograph can 3The term "generation" as used in this study denotes not an age group, but a "nativity" and a "parentage" group; that is, it refers to the fact of the birth of a person in the United States or in a foreign country, whether of foreign born parents or of native born parents. Differences between persons of different "generations," then, do not mean differences of age, at all, but rather differences of traditions, social attitudes, outlooks, in short, differences of civilization and culture. The "first" generation (foreign-born of foreign parents or FBFP, the abbreviated form used in the statistical tables) would thus be the one furthest removed from what we think of as "American" life, the "second" generation (native-born of foreign parents or NBFP) would mark the transition period, the "third" generation (native-born of native parents, or NBNP) would very nearly represent the "Americanized" product. 4An interesting study of relative fecundity among amalgamating peoples is that of A. E. Jenks, Ethnic Census in Minneapolis, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 17, July-May, 1911-12, pp. 776-782. "The 169] METHOD AND SCOPE 17 claim simply to present some tentative conclusions and partial generalizations. More specifically it attempts: 1. To ascertain some of the more significant facts and probable explanations of these facts, showing the general trend in the fusion of the various European peoples, as it is proceeding in a large centre like New York City. 2. To point out by way of these illustrations how fuller data could be treated to yield significant results. 3. To indicate the possibilities for some further statistical studies on the basis of some of the original source material presented in the Statistical Appendix of this monograph. 4. To set out briefly the larger bearings of such data as are brought together in this study, upon public policies of assimilation. The first three topics are the subject of Chapter III. The fourth is treated in a summary fashion in Chapter IV. III. INTERMARRIAGE RATIO AS INDEX OF ASSIMILATION Before proceeding to a detailed discussion of the data presented in Chapter III, the following brief statement of the most important considerations of method and scope may serve as a useful introduction: A study of the facts of intermarriage offers a reasonably Irish blood tends to increase fecundity and Scandinavian blood tends to decrease fecundity of other peoples in amalgamation." a Differences in nationality between husband and wife have been found to be a contributing cause to desertion. "The 138 cases in which there was a difference of nationality formed about 28% of the 499 for which information on this point was given. In the general population of the United States in 1900 only 8.5% was of mixed parentage and for New York City the proportion was less than 13%... A difference in nationality was more than twice as frequent among the cases of desertion as among the general population of the city where it is most common." Family Desertion, Lillian Brandt, pp. 18-19, a report published by The Charity Organization Society of New York, 1905. 6 For the proportion of divorce in marriages between Jews and nonJews, see Maurice Fishbers, The Jews, p. 217. 8 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I70 secure base from which to begin a scientific study of the whole problem of assimilation. Several reasons tend to confirm this view. Intermarriage, as such, is perhaps the severest test of group cohesion. Individuals who freely pass in marriage from one ethnic circle into another are not under the spell of an intense cultural or racial consciousness. Consequently, the greater the number of mixed marriages the weaker, broadly speaking, the group solidarity. Moreover, such a test as this is quantative. Statistics of intermarriage furnish concrete and measurable materials in a field where such data are as urgently needed as they are hard to secure. The intermarriage ratio, therefore, obtained on the basis of facts collected from authentic marriage certificates, can be used as a good index of assimilation. It may be urged, however, that the ratio of intermarriage is not the only test of assimilation, as is proved by the mental and social assimilation of individuals and of groups, without actual amalgamation; that a more accurate test of group cohesion would perhaps be affiliation with specific and characteristic communal activities of the immigrant groups. Were this test applied, the lack of cohesion and disintegration of group life among the immigrant peoples would be found to be far greater and more wide-spread than the ratios of intermarriage seem to indicate. Thus, while the proportion of intermarriage among the Jews is very low,7 the ratio of the unsynagogued (that is, those upon whom the synagogue, the characteristic Jewish social institution, has a much less vital hold than in the past) is rather high.8 To cite this instance, however, is to show that the exception proves the rule. Unless there exists a strong racial self-consciousness, which tends to bar biological 7 See Table IVa, p. 43. 8 Jewish Communal Register, 1917-18. Affiliation with the Synagogue, by Prof. M. M. Kaplan, p. 117. Out of 900,000 Jews in New York City only about 415,000 are synagogue Jews, and out of a seating capacity of 217,725 there are only 39,260 seats in synagogues where English sermons are preached. I7I] IMETHOOD AN~D SCOPE I9 fusion with other religious and cultural groups, there is comparatively little to prevent amalgamation, once superficial differences of habit-life have been swept away in the course of living and working together. While, therefore, the proportion of intermarriage might be taken to indicate the minimum measure of group solidarity, it is evident that the higher the proportion of intermarriage, the lower is the degree of cohesion, or, to put it differently, the higher the proportion of intermarriage, the higher is the degree of assimilation with other groups. If the ratio of intermarriage among persons of the second generation (nativeborn of foreign parents) is found to be considerably higher than that among the first generation, it is certain that lack of affiliation with immigrant communal life is correspondingly high and even higher. To argue from facts of intermarriage of ethnic groups, then, is to err by under-estimating rather than over-estimating the extent of assimilation. IV. SELECTION OF AMERICAN COMMUNITY FOR STUDY Coming now to the question of selecting an American community for study, it would seem that of all American cities, Greater New York is more admirably fitted for such an inquiry than perhaps any other community that might be chosen. Here are gathered together nationalities and races from all lands and all climes. Here immigrant colonies flourish. Here opportunity for self-sufficient communal life is as complete as is possible away from the native soil. Yet here there is mobility and contact, subtle temptation of\ all kinds to break with the old tradition and blend with the I attractive stranger. In this, New York City is typical of all other large American cities that have received their share of the immigration of the last twenty-five or thirty years." 9 Of the foreign-born whites in the United States in 1910 no less than 72.2% were in urban communities (cities of 2500 and above), 56.1% were in cities of 25,000 and more. U. S. Cenus, 1910, Pop. Stat. Vol. I, p. 172. Table 32. Of fifty cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more 20 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [172 To be representative of the country as a whole the intermarriage statistics gathered for such a community as New York would, of course, have to be supplemented by figures for smaller towns and cities and for rural districts. But here again, the ratio for the larger centre would be, so to speak, the lower limit, or the minimum ratio. If fusion goes on in the bigger city, then, a fortiori, it will go on in the smaller place. All that is known of community life in minor centres and in rural districts tends to confirm this view. The more intimate contact with the much smaller native population, the heightened economic ability to marry due to a less severe competition in earning a living, the lack of stimuli for a group consciousness, (such as a large massing of the foreign-born, the presence of intensely nationalistic leaders, the existence of communal institutions, e.g., the foreign language press, theatre and special social welfare agencies meeting the needs of the immigrants apart from the general community) all these strongly suggest such an opinion, until evidence is presented to the contrary. V. SOURCE OF DATA The figures offered in this monograph were gathered from original marriage certificates in the files of the office of the City Clerk of New York City. Only records for the in 1910, thirty had a foreign-born white population amounting to more than 25% of their total population. N. Y. City had a foreign-born white population of 40.4%. Only two other cities, Fall River, Mass. (42.6%) and Lowell, Mass. (40.9%) had a higher percentage than Greater New York. J. W. Jenks and W. J. Lauck, The Immigration Problem, p. 527, Table 27. The presence of a rather small proportion of persons of colored races (black, yellow, red) in New York City adds rather than detracts from the propriety of the choice of that city, as this study is devoted primarily to an analysis of amalgamation among European peoples. In 1910 the negro population of New York City was 91,709 or 1.9% of the total. Indians, Chinese, Japanese and all others together numbered 6,012. U. S. Census, 1910. Vol. I, Pop. Stat., p. 178. Table 37. 173] METHOD AND SCOPE 21 Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx were available for inspection. This enforced delimitation of territory, does not however affect the results materially, as the population of these two boroughs differs in no fundamental respect from the inhabitants of the excluded three Boroughs of Brooklyn, Richmond and Queens.10. VI. NUMBER OF RECORDS ANALYZED The total number of marriage licenses issued during the five years (1908-1912), covering the period studied, was 171,356 distributed as follows: Year Number of Licenses Issued 1908.................................... 29,491 1909.................................... 31,597 1910.................................... 34,657 1911.................................... 36,621 1912.................................... 38,990 TOTAL........................... 171,356 Of this total, 101,854 or 59.4%o were selected for this inquiry. From this number, however, were excluded all marriages where either the bride or the groom was born in the United States of native-born parents (NBNP). This was necessary, since the original nationality in such cases could not be determined, and "American" nationality, as such, was a doubtful term. Jews and Negroes of the third generation (native born of native parents) were not excluded because, in the one case, religion and race, in the other, color (race), was a clear enough distinction marking ' Out of a total population of 4,766,883 for New York City in 1910, the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx had 2,762,522 or 57.9%. The proportions of foreign-born in the various Boroughs were: Manhattan, 47.9%; Bronx, 34.7%; Brooklyn, 35.2%; Queens, 27.9%; Richmond, 28.4%. U. S. Census, 1910. Pop. Stat., Vol. I. 22 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I74 the groups as separate. For the immediate purposes of the study, then, only 79,704 marriages or couples were considered. This substantial portion of the total number of certificates issued (59.4%) was selected by a broad sampling process as indicated below, and is thus sufficiently representative. VII. METHOD OF SELECTION The selection of the five year period (1908-1912) was guided by three considerations. The first was the lack of complete data before 1908. Beginning with that year the contract form of marriage record, with hardly any information except the names and addresses of the contracting parties, was replaced by a rather elaborate questionnaire form. Moreover, the census year, 1910, appeared to be a useful pivotal year for purposes of comparison in dealing with the figures gathered for the two years previous to and the two years succeeding the taking of the Federal census. The fact, also, that abnormal social influences (such as arose out of the Great War which opened in August, 1914), were not operative as yet in the lives of the foreign-born, marked the period as acceptable for study. The records selected (101,854) were spread over the five year period in such a way that approximately 20,000 cases fell within each year. These were further distributed about evenly over every month of every year, and over the beginning, middle and end of each month of the year. This precaution was necessary in order to take account of the fluctuation in the number of marriages during the more or less "popular" and "unpopular" parts of the year. Thus during the early summer months (particularly May and June) and the later months of the fall (such as October and November) a larger number of marriage certificates is issued than during the other months. Otherwise the records were examined as they appeared serially in the record books. I75] M~lETHOD AND SCOPE' 23 Each marriage certificate was carefully examined and the pertinent facts summarized on individual record cards. VIII. KINDS OF DATA GATHERED The following kinds of data were taken from the marriage certificates: 1. Country of birth of Groom 2. Country of birth of Bride 3. Country of birth of Groom's father 4. Country of birth of Groom's mother 5. Country of birth of Bride's father 6. Country of birth of Bride's mother 7. Occupation of Groom (whenever given) 8. Occupation of Bride (whenever given) 9. Generation of Groom1' (FBFP, 1st generation) (NB FP, 2nd generation) (NBNP, 3rd generation) Io. Generation of Bride1l (FBFP, Ist generation) (NBFP, 2nd generation) (NBNP, 3rd generation) 11. Color of Groom 12. Color of Bride. IX. STATISTICAL TABLES The facts were then classified in various ways, to yield the following statistical tables which form the basis of the discussion in Chapter III: Group A: Tables containing facts on intermarriage, according to generation,* among ethnic groups in New York City. Table I-Intermarriage between persons of different generations. (Men.) 1 See p. 16, Note 3. *For the explanation of the term "generation" as used in this monograph, see p. 16, Note 3. 24 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [176 Table II-Intermarriage between persons of different generations. (Women.) Table III-Proportion of intermarriage according to sex and generation. Group B: Tables containing proportion of intermarriage among the various nationalities represented in this study. Table IV (a)-Proportions of intermarriage arranged in order of magnitude, in five classes. (Class I-Class V), for men and women of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations considered together as a group. Tables IV (b)-IV (i) Proportions of intermarriage arranged in order of magnitude, in five classes (Class I-Class V) for men and women separately and for each generation separately. Table V-Summary Table showing proportions of intermarriage among the nationalities studied (nationalities arranged alphabetically). Table VI-Number of intermarriages for each nationality separately (showing nationalities intermarried with and generations of persons intermarrying). Series 1-91: One table for the men of each of the nationalities considered in the study. Series 1-88: One table for the women of each of the nationalities considered in the study. Table VII-Classification of nationalities by percentage of increase in intermarriage of 2nd generation over 1st generation. Group C: Tables containing facts on number of nationali I77] METHOD AND SCOPE 25 ties intermarried with and nationalities selected in intermarriage. Table VIII-Number of distinct nationalities with which persons of various immigrant groups intermarried. Table IX-Nationalities selected in intermarriage by persons of 2nd generation. Group D: Tables containing facts on the relations between occupation, cultural level and intermarriage. Table X-Proportion of intermarriage according to occupation groups. Table XI-Proportion of intermarriage according to occupation and culture level. Table XII-Proportion of intermarriage according to occupation and generation (men and women). Table XIII-Proportion of intermarriage among men according to occupation and generation. Group E: Miscellaneous Tables: Table XIV-Proportion of marriageable persons among various immigrant groups (1910-1917), upon their entrance to the United States. Table XV-Proportion of sexes in the first and second generations among various nationalities in N., Y. City (1910) according to generation. Table XVI-Proportion of marriageable persons in N. Y. City (1910) according to generation. Table XVII-Proportion of marriageable persons in Manhattan and Bronx Boroughs, in New York City (1910), according to generation. 26 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I78 X. SOURCES OF ERROR In the gathering and the treatment of the data several sources of error had to be kept in mind. There was first, the possibility of error arising out of a misjudgment of the nationality of either the groom or the bride or both. In the cases of natives of such countries as England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and others with a relatively homogeneous population, the facts as given in the marriage certificate (country of birth of bride and of groom, and country of birth of parents of both) were sufficiently clear to make the proper judgment. However, for countries like Austria-Hungary and Russia, as they were before the Great War, the persons belonging to the various constituent populations had to be separated as carefully as possible. The nationalities in the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy were found to-fall into the following groups: Austria (Bohemian) Austria (German) Austria (Polish) Austria (Jewish) Hungary (Slovak) Hungary (German) Hungary (Hungarian) Hungary (Jewish) The marriage records contained sufficient information to make the classification in these cases fairly reliable. These items were taken into consideration: 1. Geographic section of the country of birth of both persons who married and his or her parents. (The various nationalities in these countries are concentrated in certain well-defined areas). 2. Name of groom and of bride (distinctive Bohemian or German or Jewish or Slovak or Hungarian or Polish name). I79] METHOD AND SCOPE 27 3. Names of witnesses to the marriage ceremony. 4. Name of the priest or clergyman officiating. In quite a number of cases the clergyman was wellknown in New York City as belonging to a definite religious sect and a definite nationality. Wherever there was doubt, the record was omitted. For both Austria-Hungary and Russia, the Jews were classified under the heads: Austria (Jew), Hungary (Jew) and Russia (Jew). In a similar manner, the Jews of all other countries were indicated separately, as Rumanian Jews, German Jews, French Jews, English Jews, American Jews, and so on. Of course, in the records of intermarriages between Jews and non-Jews even greater care had to be exercised to include only genuine intermarriages. Here the determining facts were: 1. Country of birth of groom and bride. 2. Country of birth of parents of groom and bride. 3. Name of groom and bride. 4. Names of witnesses. 5. Name of officiating clergyman. Only those cases were recorded where there was absolutely no doubt as to the intermarriage. This naturally would make the intermarriage ratio lower than it probably is in actuality; for, numerous Jews and Jewesses who intermarry drop their original Jewish names and adopt nonJewish names. Moreover, in intermarriages between Jews and non-Jews it is very frequent not to have a clergyman of either faith perform the ceremony, thus accentuating the lack of religious affiliation of the parties to the marriage. Still another source of error that must be noted, is one arising out of the definition of what constitutes an inter. marriage. Two interpretations are possible, a strict and a liberal one. According to the first, an inter-marriage is a marriage between two persons of distinct national, religious 28 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I8o or racial descent (the nationality of the father being taken as the nationality of the child). A marriage between an Italian man born in Italy of Italian parents or born in the United States of Italian parents, and an English woman born in England of English parents or born in the United States of English parents would be a case in point. Another illustration of this type of marriage (somewhat less strict) is that between a man born in Scotland whose father was Scotch and whose mother was French, and a woman born in Sweden, whose father was Swedish and whose mother was German. According to this definition, cases in which the mothers of both bride and groom were of the same nationalities or were born in the United States would be excluded. A more liberal definition, however, might be framed. This would include all cases where either the fathers or the mothers of the parties to the inter-marriage were of the same nationality. An illustration of this type of marriage would be the case of the Irish groom, whose father was Irish and whose mother was Italian, and the bride whose father was German and whose mother was Italian. Here the fathers are of different nationalities but the mothers are of the same nationalities. In this study the broader definition was followed: but since the proportion of cases that would have to be excluded according to a strict interpretation of intermarriage was found to be only 3.03%, the results can hardly be appreciably affected by their inclusion. One other source of error that could not have been avoided must be pointed out. The original marriage records give the age of the person marrying, but (for the foreignborn) give neither the year of arrival in the United States nor the length of residence in this country. It is thus impossible to tell how old the foreign-born man or woman was at the time of arrival. The person may have been less than a year old or may have been 14 years of age or 18 years or 25 years. And yet, in each of these cases, the I8I'] METHOD AND SCOPE 29 person is considered as of the "first generation" with all that this term implies.12 It can thus plausibly be argued that the "first generation" group considered in this study may in reality not be a group consisting of adult foreigners upon whom the old world culture had left an unmistakeable impress, and who are therefore quite distinct from the native-born "second generation" as social types. The "first generation" cannot then be contrasted with the "second generation", for, the "first generation" may include a large proportion of foreignborn who came here at a very early age, grew up in a newworld environment and are practically, if not completely, the same in behavior, in outlook, in sentiment as the true "second generation". In other words, the "first generation" group considered here may be a sort of "specious" "second generation" group, and much of the reasoning about it as a "first generation" group would really not be applicable. It must be admitted that theoretically there is much force.in the objection, and that this criticism cannot be fully met, since the necessary data are lacking in the marriage records themselves. In spite of this difficulty, however, the figures are not by any means seriously invalidated. Reasoning from an inspection of the actual results obtained, on the assumption that the two groups are distinct "generation" groups, it may be said that the differences between the intermarriage ratios of the two groups are obviously so striking that there must be a great qualitative distinction between the groups considered. If the proportion of intermarriage for the "first generation" as a group is 11 per 0;100 and the proportion for the "second generation" is 31 per hundred (with a wider range by far, for specific nationalities) then, a priori, the view would seem plausible that the assumed "first generation" is most probably composed of social types quite different from those comprising the "second generation" group. Of course, as all a priori 12 For a definition of "generation" as used here. see ChaDter II, p. 16, Note 3. 30 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I82 arguments, this has its definite limitations and ought to be checked if possible by a recourse to an analysis of the facts themselves. These, however, are not available at present. XI. STATISTICAL REFINEMENTS OMITTED As was pointed out before, the figures gathered here have not been and could not be treated according to refined statistical methods, primarily because of the lack of certain basic figures in accurate enough form. An exact analysis of group cohesion in each of the immigrant groups involved and therefore significant comparison, could not be undertaken. Moreover, the number of marriages recorded in some of the groups is too small to yield significant proportions in themselves. Only results derived from the mass figures are consequently of real meaning. But this is all that is needed to bring to light the main tendencies in the process of fusion as it is at present proceeding in large American cities. It is open to serious doubt whether further refinements would substantially alter the conclusions reached. CHAPTER III. RESULTS The aim of this chapter, as stated above, is to present the most significant facts and their probable explanations, derived from the data compiled in Tables I-XVII (see Chapter II, pp. 23-25), to indicate how these analyses could serve for further researches along the same lines, and finally to point out how some of the source material can be utilized for more detailed studies. I. INTERMARRIAGE WITHIN GENERATIONS Viewing the phenomenon of amalgamation in the broadest way, namely, that of fusion among persons of different generations, (for a definition of "generation" see Chapter II, p. 16, Note 3) the first striking fact that appears is, that almost three-fourths of the intermarriages, (74.0%) both among men and among women take place between persons of the same generations. That is, members of the first generation tend to intermarry with members of the first, members the second generation with members of the second.' Upon reflection this would seem to be the natural result. Differences between generations are primarily differences in stage of assimilation. Immigrants of the first generation belonging to different national groups have more in common with one another than they have with persons of the second generation. But it is a sort of negative community of interest. The foreignborn man and woman both do not yet speak the language of the country well enough; both have not yet acquired the 1 The reason for omitting the third generation is given in the Explanatory Note, Table I, p. 33. i83] 31 32 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I84 new habits of life, and still hark back in their thoughts and actions to the European environment. Both are in the first stages of a transition and both feel more at ease among persons of the first generation, (even though these be of a different nationality), than among persons of the second generation, who by their superior knowledge of the strange land and by a subtly condescending manner make the foreigners feel rather apart from the new currents of life. At any rate, this would seem a plausible explanation of the fact. That persons of the second generation, though of different national descent, should group together in marriage, is still more easily understood. The irresistible levelling influences of American life have stamped persons of the second generation as unmistakeably alike, though largely only outwardly alike. They speak the same tongue, study in the same schools, dress, act, and think alike. Another fact tending to confirm this view is, that the proportion of intermarriage between persons of different generations decreases as the interval between the generations increases. This holds for both men and women. Out of almost 11,000 intermarriages (10,835) practically one-half (47.7%) were intermarriages between persons of the first generation. About three and a half times as many intermarriages occurred between first generation men and first generation women, as between first generation men and second generation women (47.7% and 13.8% respectively) and about two and a half times as many between second generation men and second generation women, as between second generation men and first generation women (26.3%o and 9.4% respectively.)2 The figures for the women are similar. Intermarriages between first generation women and first generation men were five times as frequent as those between first generation women and second generation men (47.7% and 9.4% respectively) while about twice as many intermarriages 2 See Table I, p. 33 TABLE I INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN PERSONS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS (1908-1912) MEN Explanatory Note: 1)FB FP=Foreign born of foreign parents; NB FP=Native born of foreign parents; NB NP=Native born of native parents. 2)For definition of the term "generation" see Chapter II, p. 16. *Figures for third generation here include only Jews and Negroes and other NB NP intermarrying with them. All other NB NP (3rd generation) are excluded as uncertain since the original nationality in such cases could not be determined from the records, and "American" nationality as sich, was a doubtful term. Therefore, 3rd generation figures here are not to be compared with figures for 1st and 2nd generations. 1st, 2nd Ist Gener. Ist Gener. 1st Gener. 2nd Gener. 2nd Gener. 2nd Gener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. and 3rd (FB FP) (FB FP) (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) (NB NP) (NB NP) Generation Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Intermarriages Men between with with with with with with with with with with Generations 1st, 2nd 1st Gener. 2nd Gener. *3rd Gener. 2nd Gener. 1st Gener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. 1st Gener. 2nd Gener. and 3rd (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) (NB FP) (FB FP) (NB NP) (NB NP) (FB FP) (NB FP) Generation Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Number of intermarriages.............. 10835 5170 1497 47 2847 1018 83 45 '61 67 Per cent. total number of intermarriages.. 100.0 47.7 13.8.4 26.3 9.4.8.4.6.6 TABLE II INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN PERSONS OF DIFFERENT GENERATIONS (1908-1912) WOMEN Explanatory Note: See Table I, p. 33. 1st, 2nd and 3rd 1st Gener. 1st Gener. 1st Gener. 2nd Gener. 2nd Gener. 2nd Gener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. Generation (FB FP) (FB FP) (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) (NB NP) (NB NP) Intermarriages Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women Women between with with with with with with with with with with Generations 1st, 2nd 1st Gener. 2nd Gener. *3rd Gener. 2nd er. Ge ner. stGener. *3rd Gener. *3rd Gener. 2nd Gener.l st Gener. and 3rd (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) (NB FP) (FB FP) (NB NP) (NB NP) (NB FP) (FB FP) Generation Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Men Number of intermarriages.............. 10835 5170 1018 61 2847 1497 67 45 83 47 Per cent. of total number of intermarriages 100.0 47.7 9.4.6 26.3 13.8.6.4.8.4 34 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [i86 occurred between second generation women and second generation men as between second generation women and first generation men (26.3% and 13.8% respectively.)3 That this disparity in the proportions of intermarriage is not due to a disparity in the ratios of marriageable persons in the first and second generation, is evident, when it is found that the proportions of marriageable men of the first generation to marriageable women of the first generation (1. 29:1) is almost the same as the proportion of marriageable men of the first generation to marriageable women of the second generation (1. 22:1) and vice versa, (.77:1 and.82:1).4 The powerful forces thus at work are undoubtedly the expression of sympathy and conform to the law that "the degree of sympathy decreases as the generality of resemblance increases."5 But while the influences of cohesion undoubtedly make themselves felt within the generation groups in an unmistakeable fashion, the forces of disruption are relentlessly undermining the solidarity of the immigrant communities. It comes somewhat as a surprise that out of every 100 marriages in New York City as many as 14 are intermarriages (13.59).6 One would expect that with the great massing of foreign-born in separate communities and the consequent accentuation of group relationships, the ratio would be much less. II. INCREASE IN PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE IN SECOND GENERATION But this figure gives no hint of the wide gap between the intermarriage ratios of the first and of the second generations. Whereas among persons of the first generation 3 See Table II, p. 33 4 See Statistical Appendix, Table XVI, p. 211. 5 F. H. Giddings, Inductive Sociology, p. 108. 6 See Table III, p. 35 I87] RESULTS 35 who marry, about 11 per 100 seek mates outside of their own group, (10.39% for men and 10.10% for women) among those of the second generation the proportion jumps to about 32 per 100 (32.40% for the men and 30.12% for the women.) In other words, there is an increase of approximately 300%, (311.8% for men and 298.2% for women.)7 The slight difference between the men and the women might perhaps adequately be accounted for by the relatively greater mobility and aggressiveness of the men, and the greater conservatism of the women. But the striking increase for both, in the second generation calls for a more detailed explanation. TABLE III PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE ACCORDING TO SEX AND GENERATION (1908-1912) *Explanatory Note: See Table I, p. 33. Men Women 1st 2nd *3rd 1st 2nd *3rd Total Gener. Gener. Gener. Total Gener. Gener. Gener. (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) (FB FP) (NB FP) (NB NP) I I I~ Per cent. of intermarriage 13.59 10.39 32.40 5.87 13.59 10.10 30.12 5.35 I —. --- —-- Number of marriages.... 79704 645771 12184 2943 79704 61823 14611 3270 Number of intermarriages 10835 6714 3948 173 10835 6249 4411 175 7 See Table III, p. 35. If these proportions of intermarriage are applied to the total number of married persons (15 yrs. of age and over) in New York City in 1910, (U. S. Census Abstract. With Supplement for New York, p. 604, Table 16) the following figures are obtained: a. Number of married foreign-born white males (first generation) -575,460; number of males who intermarried (11%)-63,190; b. No. of married foreign-born white females (first generation)521,855; number of females who intermarried (10%)-52,185; 36 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I88 III. HYPOTHESIS I. DISPARITY IN SEX RATIOS AMONG MARRIAGEABLE PERSONS What, then are the possible hypotheses by which this basically important fact may be explained and which one of the hypotheses is most probable? It might be urged, first, particularly in reference to the men, that not having enough women of their own group in the second generation, they are compelled to seek wives among other groups. In other words the disparity in the proportions of marriageable Or approximately 115,375 foreign-born white persons (first generation) who intermarried. c. Number of married native white males of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation)-185,301; number of males who intermarried (33%)-61,769; d. Number of married native white females of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation)-216,223; number of females who intermarried (31%) —67,029; Or approximately 128,798 native white persons of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation) who intermarried. The total number of persons (first and second generations) who intermarried was approximately 244,173. Treating the figures for the United States in a similar way (the intermarriage ratios for N. Y. City BIeing assumed to be the minimum ratios) the results are: a. Number of married foreign-born white males (first generation) -4,432,298; number of males who intermarried (11%)-487,552; b. Number of married foreign-born white females (first generation) —3,624,215; number of females who intermarried (10%)-362,421; Or approximately 849,973 foreign-born white persons (first generation) who intermarried. c. Number of married native white males of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation)-2,677,885; number of males who intermarried (33%) —883,702. d. Number of married native white females of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation)-3,008,927; number of females who intermarried (31%)-932,767; Or approximately 1,816,469 native white persons of foreign or mixed parentage (second generation) who intermarried. The total number of persons (first and second generations) then, who intermarried was approximately 2,666,442. (U. S. Census, Vol. I, p. 518, Table 14.) I89] RESULTS 37 persons might account for the increased proportion of intermarriage. This is hardly tenable in the light of facts. While there is a preponderance of marriageable men over marriageable women in the first generation, the discrepancy very largely disappears in the second generation, which (shows the normal, approximately equal, distribution of the sexes.8 The marriageable sex ratio factor, then, might explain intermarriage among men of the first generation, but must be ruled out as an explanation for the second generation. In cases of women it would seem inapplicable even for the first generation. For, with a preponderance of men over women, there would be no reason for women to leave their group in search of husbands, if the factor of sex ratio were the only one operating to determine choice.9 8 Since figures of the proportion of marriageable persons for each nationality separately are not obtainable at present, it must suffice to establish the fact of the general preponderance in the first generation of marriageable men over women and the definite approach to an equality of sex ratios among the marriageable in the second generation. This is clearly brought out by Tables XIV-XVII, Statistical Appendix, pp. 210-212. 9 There appear to be exceptions to this, where, in spite of the preponderance of marriageable men over women, the proportion of intermarriage among the women is higher. This would seem to be the case for the Austrian Poles, Slovaks, Irish, Bohemians, Finns, French, Norwegians and the Swedes. (See Statistical Appendix,- Table V.) If it were solely and exclusively the factor of the marriageable sex ratio that was operating in the first generation to determine choice, then in those groups where there is a preponderance of men over women, there ought to be no intermarriage whatsoever on the part of the women. The fact, however, that they do intermarry at all, indicates either that other forces are at work, or that the presence of a surplus of men gf other nationalities in search of wives (in addition to the men of their own nationality) acts as an indirect compulsion or attraction to the women to leave their own groups. In the cases of those groups where the women not only intermarry but intermarry more frequently than the men, in spite of the preponderance of men over women, the explanation may be that a certain percentage of the eligible men do not marry at all, either because they are not in a position economically or because they prefer not to inter 38 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I9o III. HYPOTHESIS 2. RISE IN ECONOMIC STATUS As it is, possibly another influence might urge men and women of the second generation to intermarry more frequently than men and women of the first generation. The argument may run somewhat as follows: With higher economic status generally goes greater mobility. With greater mobility comes a wider circle of contacts, and inevitably a wider field of choice. Now, since persons of the second generation are generally to be found in the higher economic classes, owing to their better acquaintance with the economic life of the country, they would thus be freed from the shackles of the lower economic existence and be permitted to move about, with greater probability of selecting a mate from among the people of other social groups with whom they come into contact. If, in addition, it be kept in mind that the economic ability to marry is probably higher in the second generation than in the first, a reasonable explanation might be found for the unusual increase in the ratio of intermarriage. But, it may be pointed out in reply, that a priori, this hypothesis also, appears rather improbable. In the first place, while it is true that lower income might act as a retarding cause of marriage, it does not actually seem to do so in the lower economic classes. On the other hand, with increase of income, other subtle social causes would seem to operate to reduce the frequency of marriage. Whatever marry and thus do not marry at all. This would tend to leave free an equal proportion of women. These again would be absorbed into the groups where the proportion of intermarrying men is higher than the proportion of intermarrying women. But since it is quite probable that even in the first generation other factors, besides that of the sex ratio among the marriageable are operative, these explanations are undoubtedly incomplete. In any event, the proof or disproof of these conjectures, must wait upon the gathering of more complete data, among other things the distribution of the specific immigrant groups according to sex and marital condition. - 9I] RESULTS 39 decrease in marriages may occur in the first generation, is likely to be offset by a corresponding decrease in the second generation. Such reasoning as this, however, is hardly sufficient to refute the proposed explanation. If it could be shown from actual records of intermarriages, that among intermarrying persons of the second generation there is a larger proportion of individuals who belong to the higher economic classes, than there is among intermarrying persons of the first generation, it could be fairly asserted that increased income does bring about an increased proportion of intermarriage. Applying this test, it appears from a comparative study of the occupations of intermarrying persons of the first and second generations that, while there is an increase in the proportion of individuals of the second generation within the higher economic groups (and a corresponding decrease in the lower groups) the increase is hardly large enough to account for the jump in the ratio of intermarriage.10 10 This is brought out in Table XII, p. 65, by a broad grouping of occupations of intermarrying persons into: (a) Highest group (comprising persons in professional service) 1st generation: 9.4% for men; 11.3% for women; 2nd generation: 9.4% for men; 9.3% for women. (b) Middle group (comprising persons in commerce and trade, and manufacturing and mechanical pursuits) 1st generation: 54.2% for men, 34.1% for women; 2nd generation: 63.0% for men, 66.4% for women. (c) Lower group (comprising persons in personal and domestic service and the lower grades of public service) 1st generation: 22.8% for men, 52.7% for women; 2nd generation: 8.8% for men, 19.4% for women. (d) Low group (comprising persons in agriculture and transportation and navigation) 1st generation: 4.9% for men, 0% for women; 2nd generation: 2.5% for men, 0% for women. (e) Lowest group (comprising unskilled workers) 1st generation: 8.7% for men, 1.9% for women; 2nd generation: 16.3% for men, 4.9% for women. For similar results see also Table XIII, giving comparative proportions of intermarriage for 5932 men (3400 of the 1st generation and 40 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [192 (The average increase, it will be remembered, is about 300X%; but the full range of increase in the ratios of intermarriage is for men, from 103% to 1446.1%; for women, from 112.9% to 1294.1%. ).11 It should be noted, however, that the economic factor seems to be more effectively at work among women than among men. The freer and more wide-spread participation of women of the second generation in the commercial and industrial life of the country doubtless creates a greater contrast between them and women of the first generation, than is to be found in this respect among the men, who are not so restricted in their economic activities. As the sphere of women in the economic world widens, this factor will grow increasingly stronger, particularly as sex propinquity in modern industry seems definitely to affect matings.12 2532 of the 2nd generation,) classified according to occupation groups. The marked decrease for the second generation in the personal and domestic service group is due undoubtedly to the fact that these occupations are less frequently entered by "Americans" of the 2nd generation, while the unexpected increase in the unskilled groups indicates no doubt the prevalent lack of vocational training among young persons of the second generation, thus compelling many to enter "blind alley" occupations of which there is an abundance in a great city like New York. For a comparative study of occupations of the first and second generations of immigrants in the United States, tending to bear out this view see Reports of the Immigration Commission of 1911, Vol. 28, particularly pp. 5-105. Note: No comprehensive statistics have thus far been compiled on the distribution of occupation groups according to incomes. The classification used in Tables XII and XIII, however, is in substantial agreement with the facts gathered by Frank H. Streightoff, in Chap. VI of "The Distribution of Incomes in the United States," Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. 52, 1912. See especially Tables XXIV-XXXVI, pp. 111-139. 1See Statistical Appendix, Table V, opp. p. 100. 12For a study of "Occupational Propinquity as a Factor in Marriage Selection" see article by Donald M. Marvin, in Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association, Vol. XVI, Sept., 1918, pp. 138-150. 193] RESULTS 41 III. HYPOTHESIS 3. WEAKENING OF GROUP SOLIDARITY Now if neither disparity in the ratio of marriageable persons nor rise in economic status is an adequate explanation of the unusual increase in the proportion of intermarriage in the second generation, the only hypothesis left is to ascribe it to the weakening or destruction of the attitude of group solidarity. Once the subtle and numberless bonds that tie the individual to his traditional group are snapped, he is set adrift in a vast sea upon which float countless similar "kin-wrecked" folk. Choice of mates is then determined largely, if not wholly, by two factors: propinquity and physical attraction. The same forces that strengthen or weaken immigrant community life are the forces that fortify or undermine this attitude of attachment to the group. The most important of these are: Forces Tending to Strengthen Immigrant Community Life. 1. Geographic massing of immigrant population. 2. Stimulus by intensely nationalistic leaders, aided by crises in the fortunes of either the group in America or of the parent-group in the home-land. 3. Presence of numerous type of communal organizations ministering to the economic, educational and moral needs of the immigrants. 4. Personal affiliation with communal enterprises. 5. Transmission through systematic education of the cultural heritage of the group to the growing youth. 6. Conscious attempts by the thinkers of the group to formulate a theory of group-adjustment to American life. Forces Tending to Undermine Immigrant Community Life. 1. Dispersion of immigrant population. 2. Absence of intensely nationalistic leaders and normal condition in home-land. 3. Paucity or absence of communal organizations. 4. Lack of personal affiliation with communal enterprises. 5. Indifference and neglect on the part of the older generation in regard to transmission of cultural heritage to the younger generation. 6. Lack of critical thought within the group upon future relations to the new environment. 42 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [ 94 But after reflecting upon the nature of these forces and their influence upon the "second generation" the well-informed student of immigrant community life might point out that it is hardly accurate to speak of them as undermining or fortifying the attitude of group loyalty. For, in reality the "second generation" have no group attitude or loyalty that can be undermined or fortified. The whole trend of immigrant communal life in America has rather been to prevent the formation of any attitude of group attachment on the part of the younger generation. This criticism is not wholly beside the point, especially when it is remembered that the common characteristics of the "diluted" second generation are reputed to be on the one hand, a lack of knowledge and appreciation of the cultural heritage of their group and on the other hand, a lack of affiliation with specifically communal undertakings. Nor have most of the immigrant groups devised adequate educational methods to impart an understanding of their cultural background to their children.18 In the main, however, the inevitable conclusion would seem to be that the increased proportion of intermarriage in the second generation must be attributed almost wholly to the weakening of the sentiment of group solidarity. The relative efficacy, then, of the three factors in bringing about intermarriage may be summarized as follows: In the first generation the factor of disparity in the sex ratios among marriageable persons is strongest, the economic factor next (particularly for women) and the group consciousness factor third. In the second generation the order is reversed, the factor of group consciousness or rather the lack of it. 13 Even in such a highly self-conscious group as the Jews, religious and cultural education of the youth is in a relatively backward state. Of the 275,000 Jewish school children in N. Y. City in 1917, the total number receiving some form of Jewish education was 65,400. This is less than 24% of the estimated number of Jewish children of elementary school age. See A. M. Dushkin, Jewish Education in N. Y. City, Part II, Ch. 1, The Extent of Jewish Education in N. Y. City, pp. 156-157. i95] RESULTS 43 being most prominent, the economic factor being second, and the sex ratio factor playing the smallest role. IV. GROUPING OF NATIONALITIES ACCORDING TO RATIO OF INTERMARRIAGE The facts presented thus far have had reference mainly to the relation between intermarriage and generation, irrespective of national descent. Equally characteristic results are obtained when the various nationalities are grouped according to the magnitude of their ratios of intermarriage. Beginning in Class I with nationalities that intermarry least frequently and ending in Class V with those that fuse most readily, the array appears as follows: Table IVa Classification of Nationalities according to Proportion of Intermarriage. (Men and Women of the lit, 2nd and 3rd generations)* (1908-1912) Class I (0 to 4.99 intermarriages per 100 marriages) Nationality No. of Intermarriages per 100 Marriages Roumania (Jew).........................45 British West Indies (Colored)............48 Russia (Jew)..............................62 Turkey (Jew).............................80 Colored (combined groups)...........93 Austria (Jew).............................99 United States (colored)................ 1.08 Jewish (combined groups)................ 1.17 Dutch West Indies (Colored)............ 1.44 Hungary (Jew)......................... 224 England (Jew)........................... 3.47 Holland (Jew)........................... 4.00 United States (Jew)..................... 426 Syria.................................... 4.63 14For the number of cases upon which the computation of the proportions of intermarriage is based, see Statistical Appendix, Table V. opp. p. 100. *The following groups, represented by less than 50 marriage cer 44 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [I96 Class II (5 to 9.99 intermarriages per 100 marriages) Nationality No. of Intermarriages per 100 Marriages Germany (Jew).......................... 5.16 Italy (not located)....................... 5.58 Italy (South)...................... 5.83 France (Jew)............................ 6.54 Italy (combined groups)................. 6.76 Hungary (Hungarian)................... 8.59 Armenia................................ 9.63 Class III (10 to 24.99 intermarriages per 100 marriages) Nationality No. of Intermarriages per 100 Marriages Turkey................................... 13.15 Austria (Polish)......................... 13.56 Hungary (Slovak)........................ 14.09 Italy (North)............................ 16.73 Finland................................... 16.82 Russia (Polish)......................... 20.25 Ireland................................ 21.59 Germany (not located)................... 21.68 Greece................................... 22.14 Hungary (German)....................... 24.41 Class IV (25 to 49.99 intermarriages per 100 marriages) Nationality No. of Intermarriages per 100 Marriages Austria (Bohemian)..................... 25.15 Sweden................................. 31.04 Spain................................... 33.11 Germany (combined groups).............. 33.34 Norway................................. 39.14 British West Indies (English)........... 39.86 Denmark................................. 47.42 France................................ 49.55 tificates, have been omitted in this classification: Cuba (colored), Canada (colored), Roumania, Austria (Italian), China, Switzerland (Italian), Mexico (Spanish), Serbia. 197] RESULTS 45 Class V (50 to 100 intermarriages per 100 marriages.) Nationality No. of Intermarriages per 100 Marriages Porto Rico (Spanish).................. 50.76 Germany (North)........................ 53.05 Germany (South)........................ 55.98 W ales................................... 59.44 Belgium.................................. 59.63 Austria (German).................. 59.71 Scotland.................................. 59.79 Holland.............................. 62.58 England.................................. 62.70 Switzerland (German).................... 66.32 Japan.................................... 72.41 Cuba (Spanish)........................... 73.73 Canada (French)......................... 75.60 Canada (English)......................... 79.85 Switzerland (French).................... 82.08 Portugal................................. 88.23 Even a casual inspection of this table reveals at once distinct groupings at either end of the scale. Jews and Negroes are at the lowest point, while the Northern, Northwestern and Central European peoples tend to gather near the highest point. The Italians and the Irish, together with the Poles (Russian and Austrian), the Slovaks, the Greeks and the Finns, occupy the middle-ground. This distribution with slight modifications was found to hold for both men and women, and for both the first and the second generations.15 In an exhaustive treatment of the problems of amalgamation each one of the ethnic groups in the five classes shown in Table IVa would be taken up for discussion separately. This is not feasible here because of the limitations of cost and space. The discussion which follows is therefore offered largely for purposes of illustration of type facts and explanations.. 15 See Statistical Appendix, Tables IVb-IVi, pp. 93-100. 46 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [198 The Jews and the Negroes are selected to represent the low ratio groups, the Italians and the Irish the middle ratio groups, while the Northern and N. W. European peoples are made to serve as representatives of the high ratio group. These ethnic stocks are chosen partly because they are large and important constituents in the population of the United States and partly because it is easier to frame an explanation as to why their intermarriage ratio is what it is, owing to the general knowledge we possess of the life of these groups and their attitude towards amalgamation. V. INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN JEWS AND NON-JEWS The explanation for the small proportion of intermarriage among the Jews is not far to seek.16 From the earliest period in their history the leaders of the people, feeling almost instinctively the danger of extinction of a minority group, have steadfastly set their faces against fusion with non-Jews.'7 The strict prohibition of Ezra and Nehemiah (about 400 B. C.) was supplemented on the Christian side by the various edicts of the Church, beginning with that enacted by the Eastern Church at the Council of Chalcedon 16 For an excellent discussion of intermarriage among the Jews both historically and statistically treated, see Arthur Ruppin, The Jews of Today, Ch. X, Intermarriage, and Maurice Fishberg, The JewsA Study of Race and Environment, Ch. VIII, Proselytism and Intermarriage Among Jews; Ch. IX, Mixed Marriages in Modern Times. A readable account of the arguments against intermarriage from the Jewish point of view is that of Dr. David De Sola Pool on "Intermarriage," The Hebrew Standard, Vol. LXXIII, No. 6, February 7, 1919. 17 The prohibition against intermarriage is expressed in Deuteronomy, VII, 1-4, as follows: "When the Lord thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and shall cast out many nations before thee.. thou shalt make no covenant with them... neither shalt thou make marriages with them; thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter thou shalt take unto thy son. For He will turn away thy son from following me that they may serve other gods; so will the anger of the Lord be kindled against thee and He will destroy thee quickly." I99] RESULTS 47 in 388 A. D. and followed by those of the Councils of Orleans (A. D. 538), Toledo (A. D. 689) and Rome (A. D. 743)18 enjoining Christians from marrying Jews. It was not until the latter part of the eighteenth and the opening years of the nineteenth centuries when religious and social ostracism of the Jews began to slacken in its rigor, that intermarriage became a pronounced factor. All careful students of the problems1 agree that with the emancipation has come an increasing tendency to amalgamate with the peoples among whom the Jews happened to live. This holds especially of the Western European countries. Ruppin, reviewing all available facts bearing upon intermarriage of Jews and Christians, groups the various countries into four classes: 1-Those where mixed marriages are less than 2%, as in Galicia, Bukovina, Rumania and the Jewish immigrant areas of England, France and the United States. 2-Those where the proportion of mixed marriages ranges from 2% to 10%, namely, Catholic Germany,* Hungary (excluding Budapest) and Bohemia. 3-Those where intermarriage goes on to the extent of from 10% to 30% of Jewish marriages, as in Protestant Germany,* Holland, Austria (Vienna and Budapest). 18 B. Feldman, Year Book of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, 1910, pp. 217-307. "Intermarriage Historically Considered." 19 Among them particularly Ruppin, Zollschan and Fishberg. *Figures of 1911 (three years before the Great War) present a striking contrast when compared with figures for 1915 (one year after the opening of the War.) Of 4449 Jewish men who married within the German Empire in 1911, 635 or 14.2% married non-Jewish women. The latter included 471 Protestants, 117 Roman Catholics and 47 of other denominations. Of 4267 Jewish women who married in the same year, 453 or 10.6% married non-Jewish men (302 Protestants, 111 Roman Catholics and 40 of other denominations.) The 1915 figures are as follows: Of 1842 Jewish men, 744 or 40.3% married non-Jewish women (542 Protestants, 159 Roman Catholics and 43 of other denominations.) Of 1497 Jewish women, 399 or 26.6% married non-Jewish men (287 Protestants, 82 Roman Catholics and 30 of other denominations.) 48 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [200 4-Those where one-third of Jewish marriages are mixed marriages (Denmark, Australia, Italy and the older Jewish communities in England and France and the United States). The general and inescapable conclusion at which Ruppin arrives is: "The more Jews and Christians mix with one another in economic and social life, the more likely is it that they will intermarry with one another20... The increasing spread of intermarriage is indeed not likely to be hindered by any race theories,21 so long as the social differences between Christians and Jews are wiped out and the path to intermarriage made smooth."22 In the face of this rapid process of disintegration it is not surprising that strong counter-currents against complete amalgamation should have been created within the Jewish group as such. Apart from the argument of inexpediency or impracticability of mixed marriages23 (growing out of the incompatibility of traditional and cultural backgrounds in the family life) the more fundamental objection raised by many modern spokesmen of the Jewish people is that assimilation is a This means an increase in the proportion of intermarriage of 283.8% for the men and of 250.9% for the women. What the causes of this unusual increase have been is difficult to conjecture. (For tables from which the figures above have been compiled see Statistisches Jahrbuch fur das Deutsche Reich, 1913, p. 23, Table 5, and 1918, p. 7, Table 5.) 20 Ruppin, op. cit., p. 170 and p. 171. 21 Such as Dihring's notion that Jewish blood destroys the pure Aryan race and that there is a physiological antipathy between the Semite and the Aryan. Eugene Diihring, Die Judenfrage als Frage der Rassenschidlichkeit. Also Eduard von Hartmann, Das Judenthum in Gegenwart and Zukunft, pp. 6-8. It is noteworthy that among the Jewish people arguments against intermarriage rarely, if ever, are of the biological variety. With them the problem has been and is still primarily one of the integrity of Jewish home life, and therefore of the social solidarity of the Jewish people. 22 Ruppin, op. cit. p. 170 and p. 171. 23 Fishberg's conclusion is: "Mixed marriages are thus three to four times more likely to be dissolved than pure marriages." Op. cit. p. 217. 20I ] RESULTS 49 constant menace to the integrity of the group. Only a strong nationalist movement looking ultimately to the establishment of a home-land in Palestine can save them from final disappearance. The growing Zionist movement which embodies this aspiration, draws its vigor as much from this deep-seated dread of extinction as it does from the romantic idealism of the re-birth of a dead nationality.24 For New York City, where one-half of the total Jewish population of the United States is. concentrated, the intermarriage ratio, according to the data gathered for this study, is less than 2%o (1.17). It varies, however, with the particular country of origin and consequently the degree of assimilation of the section of Jewry considered. Thus,25 while among Rumanian Jews the proportion is.45% and among Russian Jews.62%, it rises to 4.26% among native born Jews of native parents; to 5.16% among German Jews and to 6.54% among French Jews. The English Jews, with 3.47% seem to hold the middle ground. In the smaller cities and rural districts the extent of intermarriage is far greater, although exact figures are not available.26 VI. MISCEGENATION AMONG NEGROES Just as difference of religion explains adequately the low proportion of intermarriage betweens, Jews and non-Jews, so difference of color accounts for the small proportion of fusion between negro and white. There can be no doubt that the amalgamation of the two races, especially in the 24 The Balfour Declaration of November 2nd, 1917, favoring the establishment of a Jewish home-land in Palestine, has given the modern Zionist movement a concrete basis such as it has not had since its rise in the latter part of the 19th century. 2 See Table IVa, p. 43. 26 Fishberg quotes the estimate of the director of circuit preaching of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, as 5% in the northern parts of the United States and 20% to 50%, most probably 33% in the South. Fishberg, op. cit., pp. 203-204. ) 50 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [202 southern states, is going on, and that there is already a considerable mulatto population.27 In the North, however, in spite of the absence of laws against miscegenation, the proportion seems to be negligible and perhaps also on the decline.28 In New York City, for a period of five years (1908-1912) the ratio was 1.08o%. For colored men it was 1.78%o, for colored women,.44%. In other words, the men intermarry about four times as frequently as the women.29 As the question stands now, it is, in the opinion of an acknowledged negro leader, "of little practical importance. For, in practice, the matter works itself out; the average white person does not marry a negro, and the average negro, despite his theory, himself marries one of his race, and frowns darkly on his fellows unless they do likewise. In those very circles of negroes who have a large infusion of white blood, where the freedom of marriage is most strenuously advocated, white wives have always been treated with a disdain bordering on insult, 27 F. Boas. The Mind of Primitive Man, Ch. X, Race Problems in the United States, pp. 275-276. 28 Ray Stannard Baker, Following the Color Line, p. 172: "Altho the Negro population of Boston has been steadily increasing, the number of marriages between the races, which remained about stationary from 1875 to 1890, has since 1900 been rapidly decreasing. Here are the exact figures as given by the Registry Department: Racial Intermarriages in Boston Year Groom Colored Groom White Total Mixed Bride White Bride Colored Marriages 1900 32 3 35 1901 30 1 31 1902 25 4 29 1903 27 2 29 1904 27 1 28 1905 17 2 19 For further evidence tending to show the decline in racial intermarriages, see Frederick L. Hoffman, Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro, pp. 198-200. 29 See Statistical Appendix, Table V, opp. p. 100. 203] RESULTS 5I and white husbands never received on any terms of social recognition."30 VII. AMALGAMATION AMONG NORTHERN AND NORTHWESTERN EUROPEAN PEOPLES It would be only reasonable to expect that among groups where barriers of religion and color are not marked, fusion would proceed rather rapidly. This expectation appears to be borne out by the fact that the highest proportion of intermarriage is found among the Northern, Northwestern and some of the Central European nationalities.8 Here, except for the possible prejudice between Protestant and Catholic, no serious obstacles exist in the way of amalgamation. Besides, the longer period of residence in the United States of these older immigrant groups has undoubtedly further predisposed them to the assimilating process. But upon a closer examination of the figures, another and perhaps simpler explanation of the high proportion of intermarriage suggests itself. Arranging the various nationalities in language groups, or what are broadly speaking cultural groups,82 the Teutonic peoples were found to fuse most with Teutonic groups, 80 W. E. B. Du Bois, The Philadelphia Negro, A Social Study, Publications of the University of Pennsylvania Series in Political Economy and Public Law, No. 14, p. 359. 81 See Table IVa, pp. 43-45. 82 For the scheme of classification of language groups used, see article in National Geographic Magazine, Dec., 1918, by Edwin H. Grosvenor, "The Races of Europe." The number of nationalities represented in the various language groups in this study was as follows: Teutonic, 12; Slavic, 6; Greco-Latin, 13; Celtic, 2; Finno-Ugrian, 2; Syro-Arabic, 2; Iranian, 2; Turkish, 1. There are also included two racial groups, black (Negro) and yellow, the latter represented by 2 groups, the Chinese and Japanese, while the former were represented by British West Indian, Canadian, Cuban and Dutch West Indian negroes. 52 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [204 apparently because there is a considerable assortment of Teutonic language groups present in the population. In other words, while the Northern and Northwestern European peoples show a high ratio of intermarriage, this occurs predominantly within the same language or cultural group. In practically every case where a Teutonic nationality intermarried with other groups, almost one-half of the number of nationalities intermarried with, was found to fall within the Teutonic group. This was clearly not so in the other language groups, apparently because there is a much smaller representation of similar language classes present in the population. Three general factors, then, might be cited in explanation of the relatively high degree of amalgamation of the Northern and Northwestern European immigrant: lack of racial and religious barriers, comparatively long period of settlement in the United States, and the presence of a fairly numerous variety of similar language or cultural groups in the population. Exactly what share is contributed to the production of the amalgamating process by each of these factors, is extremely difficult to calculate and because of incomplete data about the immigrant population hardly possible. VIII. FUSION AMONG IRISH AND ITALIANS With some modifications, the explanation for the Teutonic groups would hold for the Italians and the Irish, who occupy the middle position in the series. A shorter period of residence in America, together with a constant shifting, characteristic of much of the migratory Italian population, as also a somewhat lower social prestige among the immigrant groups, would go far to explain the low position of the Italians in the scale; while strong religious preferences among the Irish may have tended to keep their ratio of intermarriage lower than their period of residence and their traditional sociability would lead one to expect. 2051 RESULTS 53 IX. INCREASE OF PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE OF SECOND GENERATION OVER FIRST Closely connected with the characteristic groupings of the nationalities according to ratio of intermarriage, are the further facts of the increase of proportion of intermarriage of the second generation over the first. The general statement is easily borne out that the lower the ratio of intermarriage in the first generation, the greater the ratio in the second and therefore the greater the relative increase.33 If the nationalities are grouped according to proportions of increase, the Jews, who have the lowest ratio for the first generation are found in the higher increase groups, while the Northern, Northwestern and some of the Central European peoples fall into the lower increase groups. This holds also for the Italians and for the Irish. For the Jews as a combined group, the ratio for the first generation is.64%, for the second generation, 4.51% -an increase of a little over 700%o (704.6%). In other words, in the second generation, Jews intermarry about seven times as frequently as in the first. It must, however, be added that while the proportional increase is very great, the absolute number of intermarriages is comparatively insignificant.34 Among Jewish men the increase is far greater than among Jewish women.35 The country of origin too, indicating as it does, the stage of assimilation and the length of residence in the United States, produces differences in the proportion of intermarriage and in the increases. Thus, among Russian Jews, comparatively recent arrivals, the ratios are:.36% for the first generation (men,.26%; women,.47%); 3.40% for the second generation (men, 3.76%; women, 3.14) %. The average increase here is 944.4%. Among the German Jews, however, an older and 33 See Statistical Appendix, Table VII, p. 208. 34 See Statistical Appendix, Table V, opp. p. 100. 35 Men: 1st generation,.50%; 2nd generation, 5.67% —increase of 1134%. Women: 1st generation,.78%; 2nd generation, 3.58% —increase of 458.9%. 54 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [206 more assimilated section of Jewry, the amalgamating process has already reached a higher level and therefore the break between the first and the second generation is much less marked. The figures here show that in the first generation the number of mixed marriages per 100 marriages is 3.74 (men, 8.85; women, 2.96). The increase of the second generation over the first, then, amounts to only 160.9% as compared with 944.4% among the Russian Jews. For the Germans, Dutch, English, Canadians (English and French), Swiss, Welsh, Scotch, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Bohemians, Poles (Austrian and Russian), with a higher proportion of intermarriage, the percent of increase is between 100% and 300%. For the Irish as a group, it is somewhat over 200% (233.7%), the men showing a higher increase than the women86 because the proportion of intermarriage among them in the first generation is lower than among the women. The Italians, standing midway between the Irish and the Jews, show increases of 300% to 700%,3o the average increase for the group as a whole being 330.6%. One reason why in the groups showing high proportions of intermarriage, the percentage of increase is lower than that for the low-proportioned groups, is undoubtedly the range within which the increase can take place. Where the ratio of intermarriage is high to begin with (i. e., in the first generation) the range is already narrowed and the possible proportionate increase limited. Where the initial ratio of intermarriage is low, there is a much wider interval between it and the maximum point and therefore a wider range for any possible increase. The mere fact, however, of the wider range does not of itself produce the larger increase. It only makes increase possible, should forces be at work tending to create the increase. There 36 Men: 1st generation, 9.61%; 2nd generation, 29.85%; increase of 310.6%. Women: 1st generation, 18.66%; 2nd generation, 38.31%; increase of 205.3%. 37 See Statistical Appendix, Table V, opp. p. 100. 207] RESULTS 55 is thus an added significance in the striking rise in proportion of intermarriage in such groups as the Jews and the Italians. The forces of disruption among them are relatively more powerful than among the other groups where these forces have already accomplished much of their work. The suddenness and magnitude of the break between first and second generations are greater, and the corresponding strain upon group solidarity, with its accompaniment of a heightened group consciousness, more intense. If, in addition, it be remembered that the intermarriage index is only a minimum index of group disintegration, the full meaning of the large increase becomes vividly clear. X. NUMBER OF NATIONALITIES INTERMARRIED WITH IN SECOND GENERATION The process of fusion characterized thus far, naturally implies amalgamation with numerous distinct national groups. With a large increase in the proportion of intermarriage, such as is the distinguishing feature of the second generation, the simple deduction might be made that the number of nationalities with which each group intermarries in the second generation, would also correspondingly increase. This, however, is far from being the case. On the contrary, there is a definite reduction in the number of nationalities intermarried with. A curious process of narrowing down seems to take place. Whereas in the first generation the average number of distinct nationalities with which persons of a group intermarry is 12 (both for the men and for the women) this is cut in half for the second generation (6 for both men and women) as shown by the following table: 56 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [2o8 *TABLE VIII NTJMBER OF DISTINCT NATIONALITIES WITH WHICH PERSONS OF VARIOUS IMMIGRANT GROUPS INTERMARRIED No.of Distinct Nationalities No. of Distinct Nationalities Nationalities with which with which Intermarrying 1st Gen. Men 2nd Gen. Men 1st Gen. Women 2nd Gen. Women Intermarried Intermarried 1. Armenia......... 8 1 0 0 2. Austria (Bob.)...... 6 7 20 9 3. Austria (Ger.)....... 21 9 24 12 4. Austria (Ital.)...... 6 0 3 0 5. Austria (Poi.)....... 12 9 23 13 6. Belgium.......... 15 5 17 6 7. British W. I. (Colored).. 5 0 1 0 8. British W.I. (English).. 11 0 0 0 9. Canada (Colj.).....1 0 0 0 10. Canada (Eng.)....... 18 17 17 18 11. Canada (Fr.)....... 9 8 8 7 12. China........... 7 1 0 0 13. Cuba (Col.).1...... 0 1 0 14. Cuba (Span.)....... 12 5 10 5 15. Denmark......... 19 11 17 10 16. Dutch W. I. (Col.).... 0 0 1 1 17. England......... 27 21 30 21 18. Finland.......... 12 1 15 3 19. France.......... 21 15 33 18 20. Germany (not located).. 27 28 29 29 21. Germany (North)..... 22 6 24 9 22. Germany (South)..... 23 7. 26 11 23. Greece.......... 21 1 4 0 24. Holland.......... 19 10 14 7 25. Hungary (Ger.)...... 13 2 13 4 26. Hungary (Hung.)..... 7 0 11 2 27. Hungary (Slovak)..... 11 4 32 11 28. Ireland.......... 25 27 46 36 29. Italy (not located).... 26 20 17 18 30. Italy (North........ 17 3 10 1 31. Italy (South)....... 22 3 12.3 32. Japan...12 0 0 0 33. Mexico (Spa'n.-) 9 1 0 0 34. Norway:......... 16 9 22 10 35. Porto Rico (Span.).... 14 1 5 0 36. Portugal......... 6 3 0 0 37. Roumania......... 4 0 0 0 38. Russia (Pol.)....... 12 5 13 5 39. Serbia.......... 5 0 0 0 40. Scotland......... 20 13 23 17 41. Spain........... 18 6 13 5 42. Sweden.......... 19 12 30 13 43. Switzerland (Ger.).. 18 11 25 12 44. Switzqrland (Fr.)..... 7 0 8 2 45. Switzerland (Ital.)..... 3 1 3 0 46. Syria........... 4 0 3 0 47. Turkey.......... 14 2 2 0 48. Wales........... 8 3 57 49. Austria (Jew)....... 9 6 10 7 50. England (Jew)...... 3 2 3 2 51. France (Jew)....... 0 4 1 0 52. Germany (Jew)...... 9 13 5 6 53. Holland (Jew)...... 2 2 0 0 54. Hungary (Jew)...... 9 4 20 5 55. Roumania (Jew)..... 3 0 2 2 56. Russia (Jew)....... 18 9 10 13 57. Turkey (Jew)....... 2 0 1 0 Average No. of Nationalities Intermarried with. 12 6 12 6 *Tables IVb-IVi, V, VI, VII, will be found in Statistical Appendix, pp. 93 to 200. Only Tables 1,1I,,IHI, IVa, VIII, IX, X, xi, XII have been inserted into the body of the text for purposes of more convenient reference in following the argument at various queceessive points. 209] RESULTS 57 XI. APPARENT CHOICE OF NATIONALITIES IN SECOND GENERATION If now the question be raised which nationalities it is that are thus apparently selected or preferred in intermarriage, the inquiry reveals that it is primarily the Northern and Northwestern European peoples. Of the thirteen nationalities selected most often, nine are Nbrthern and Northwestern European groups. Whether or not this selection had the character of conscious choice is extremely difficult to determine. The inclusion in the list of Germans, Irish, Italians and Jews, suggests that since these peoples are the most numerous in the population of New York City, it was perhaps the presence in larger numbers of representatives of the selected nationalities that mainly.deterniined.the frequency of the choice.38 If to these four groups be added the other nationalities selected, the preferred groups together are found to have been almost 60% of the total population of the city.39 But it would be hazardous to try to apportion an exact share of influence to this factor of population because no reliable data on the proportion of marriageable persons of both sexes in these individual groups are available. Thus the important question as to whether this apparent selection of a smaller number of nationalities with which to intermarry is due to genuine, conscious preference or is rather an enforced choice, must remain unanswered for the present. However, it is not an unreasonable hypothesis to state that in addition to the population factor, the higher social prestige of the Anglo-Saxon groups, due to longer residence and economic stability may also to a certain extent, have been an attractive force determining 88 These four nationalities and their native born descendants constituted 50.8% of the total population of N. Y. City in 1910 (2,422,418 out of 4,766,883). 9 57.1% (2,722,547 out of 4,766,883). This excludes the Austrian Poles for whom no separate figures are given. 58 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [210 choice. Whatever the full explanation, the fact remains that persons of the second generation who intermarry, marry into a narrower circle of national groups than those of the first generation, that this circle is predominantly North-European and that it is this group of nationalities that is being diluted more than any other. TABLE IX NATIONALITIES SELECTED IN INTERMARRIAGE BY PERSONS OF THE SECOND GENERATION (NRBP) (This table is based upon selections made by men of 36 different nationalities and women of 29 different nationalities) *Nationalities most often selected Number of times selected nationality occurs in intermarriages of persons of the second generation Nationality Selected Men of 36 nationalities selecting Women Women of 29 nationalities selecting Men of a different group of a different group ------------ I II Germany.............................. Ireland................................ England............................... Austria (Pol.).......................... Scotland.............................. France................................ Italy.................................. Canada (Engl.)........................ Sweden............................... Denmark.............................. Jewish................................ Norway............................... Austria (Ger.).......................... Switzerland (Ger.)...................... Holland............................... Hungary (Slovak)...................... Canada (Fr.).......................... Finland............................... Austria (Boh.)......................... Cuba (Span.).......................... U.. (Col.)............................ Belgium.............................. Russia (Pol.)........................... Hungary (Ger.)........................ Hungary (Hung.)....................... Wales................................. Portugal.............................. Spain................................. B. W..(Col.)......................... Switzerland (Fr.)....................... Argentine............................. B. W. I. (Engl.)........................ Chile................................. United States.......................... Greece................................ Porto Rico (Span.)..................... Armenia............................... Japan................................. China................................. Mexico (Span.)......................... Switzerland............................ Turkey............................... Australia (Engl.)....................... India................................ Peru.................................. Roumana............................. Ser ia................................ Syria................................. Selected by Men of 26* out of 36 nationalities a 26* a a u a 18* a a a 16*" a" a a a 16* u a a a 14* u a a U a 14* u u u 13* a u u ua 12*" " u u a a 11. u u a u u a 11 U u a u u u g" " " a a u 8 a a a 9 u u u 7 u u u u u u a u a a a 6 a u u u 6 u a u ua u a 6 a a a u a u 4 a a a3 u u u u u u a a a a u u ut r u u a u 2 a u u u a a u 2 a u a u u u 1 i u u a ~ a 1 a a 1 '"~"c" Selected by Women of 26* out of 29 nationalities u u u 25* a u a a a 20* a u u u U 17 U u a ua u 414*a a a a a a 20* a a a a a If* a a a a 14' " * a u U 20* a 11' " a u u a 13* u " a a a 9* u u a a a a a u u a u a a a a a 3 a a a a a 10 U u a a a a a a a a a a u u a u O 4 u u a u u 4 a~ u u a u a u 5~ u u u u u 7 a u a a a a a a a 3 a a a a a a 2 a a a a a 6 u a a a a a a a au a a a 6 a a a a a 1 a a u uaa u a a a a a a a a a 3 a a a a a a 2 a a a a a a 2 a A a a a 2 a a a a a a 2 a a a a a 1 a u a a 1 a a a a a a a a a a a a 1 a a a a a 1 a a W 6-j C, C/) I.. __ 60 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [212 XII. OCCUPATION AND INTERMARRIAGE Upon two other problems do the facts recorded in the marriage certificates throw some light. The question may be asked: Under what economic and social conditions is the amalgamation proceeding? Are these conditions, on the whole, favorable or unfavorable? Closely related to this is the second question: On what cultural levels do the intermarriages take place? Is it the intellectuals that fuse most often, or is it the untutored? Or is it both, as is frequently asserted from general observation; or do the facts reveal the opposite state of affairs? The answers cannot be brought out by direct evidence, except by the indirect testimony gathered from the occupations of the persons intermarrying. Considering persons employed in professional service, in commerce, in manufacturing and in mechanical pursuits as belonging to the higher economic classes,40 it is found that over two-thirds of the intermarriages among men (67.3%) and a little less than 60% (59.2%) among women fall within these groups. The economic plane, then, upon which the fusion is taking place is rather high. 40For a classification of occupations into economic groups, see Table XII, p. 65, and note 10, p. 39. 41 The total number of intermarriages upon which this table and Tables XI and XII are based is only 3698, because out of the total number of intermarriages studied (10,835) only 3698 marriage certificates recorded the occupation of both bride and groom. There were 3400 additional records where the occupation of the groom alone was given. These figures were utilized as supplementary data (See Table XIII). Thus, there were 7098 marriage certificates out of 10,835 in which the occupation of both bride and groom, or of groom alone was recorded, and 3737 certificates in which the description of the occupation was so indefinite that the item had to be omitted. A TABLE X PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION GROUPS 41 1908-1912 MEN WOMEN OCCUPATION Z _ Z Professional service.............. 350 9.5 146 41.7 55 15.7 72 20.6 74 21.1........................................ 3.9 Commerce and trade............. 777 21.0 88 11.3 236 30.4..25 10 014 22 29.5 21.8 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits............... 1362 36.8 85 6.3 229 16.8 514 37.7 498 36.6....................................... 36 2.6... - - -. - I - -. -- Personal and domestic service..... 491 13.3 27 5.5 51 10.4 115 23.4 281 57.2................................ 17 3.5 Public service (lower grades)...... 128 3.5 3 2.4 26 20.3 41 32.1 54 42.1......................................... 4 3.1 Agriculture (incl. horticulture)..... 64 1.7 6 9.4 4 6.3 7 10.9 47 73.4............................................... Transportation................. 40 1.1 4 10. 9 22.5 13 32.5 14 35.........14............................. Navigation..................... 40 1.1 4 10. 4 10. 14 35. 17 42.5..................................... 1 2.5 Unskilled....................... 44612.0 19 4.2 66 8 12427. 1. 193 4 3.3...................................... 44 9.8 _ 1 - - - Grand Total................ 3698.. 382..... 80..... 1129.... 1388......................................... 119 Per Cent. of Grand Total..... 100.0.... 10.3...... 18.4..... 30.5..... 37.6......................................... 3.2. 62 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [214. XIII. CULTURE LEVEL AND INTERMARRIAGE Turning to the second question: if by "culture" is meant something practically synonymous with "education" and particularly education in the broad subjects of literature, the arts and the natural and social sciences, then it is possible on the basis of occupation to classify the intermarrying persons broadly according to "culture groups". The highest "culture group" would then be represented by persons in professional service, the lowest by those in unskilled work. Persons in commerce and trade, manufacturing and mechanical pursuits and personal and domestic service would constitute the middle or mediocre "culture group". Below this group (though here some exception might be taken) would be those in the lower grades of public service, agriculture, transportation and navigation.42 The assumption underlying such a classification is that the lower the income, the lower the "culture level", because the less has been the opportunity to acquire a broad education. At the same time, it must be clearly understood that lack of "culture" in this sense does not, of course, imply lack of native capacity. The two may, and often do, exist entirely independently of each other. Looked at in this light the striking fact emerges that the large majority of intermarrying persons come from neither the highest nor the lowest "culture groups". It is rather on the level of the mediocre cultural plane that the greatest amount of amalgamation is to be found. Of nearly 3,700 who intermarried, 9.5% were in professional service, the highest "culture group' 12% were unskilled workers, the lowest "culture group". Those in commerce and trade, manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, and personal and domestic service together made up 71.15o of the total number of intermarriages. In other words, almost three-fourths of the mixed marriages were in the mediocre culture groups. For the women this holds even more clearly. In 42 See Table XII, p. 65. 215] RESULTS 63 the highest group the proportion was 10.3%, in the lowest 3.2%, in the middle groups 86.5%. It may be presumed that in the higher group it is a high degree of cultural self-consciousness that prevents fu — sion, in the loqw.-group it is strong prejudices. In the middle groups where neither one nor the other is pronounced, and where constant contact in daily work levels differences, the amalgamation proceeds most easily and most rapidly. OC 4x. TABLE XI PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION AND CULTURE LEVEL WOMEN MEN __CULTURE LEVEL____ High i Mediocre Low Low ry Occupation Group D a 3 Xs - i Loer Iigh Professional service....................... 350 9.5 116 55 72 74............... 3 --- I - - I — --— II Co(mmerce and trade...................... 777 21.0 8S 236 229 210................ 14 ere- Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits..... 1362 36.8 85 229 514 498................ 36 Personal and domestic service............. 491 13.3 27 51 115 281................ 17 Public service (lower grades)............... 128 3.5 3 26 41 54............ 4 Agriculture (including horticulture)......... 64 1.7 6 4 7 47................ Low Transportation........................... 40 1.1 4 9 13 14................,- --. -- - Navigation.............................. 40 1.1 4 4 14 17................ 1 Very low Unskilled............................... 446 12.0 19 66 124 193.......... 44 Grand Total......................... 3698 382 680 1129 1388................ 119 Per Cent. of Grand Total............. 100. 10.3 18.4 30.5 37.6......... 3.2 L0 t~z til ~10 1-4 11-,'6 ON h-4 C0 TABLE XII PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION AND GENERATION 3RD GENERATION (NB NP) (% of Grand Total not computed, as 3rd generation figures inTotal 1ST GENERATION 2ND GENERATION elude only Jews and No. of (FB FP) (NB FP) Negroes and other NB OCCUPATION Intermarriages NP who intermarried GROUP with them, and are therefore not comparable with figures for 1st and 2nd generations.) % Grand % Grand % Grand % Grand Men Women Men Total Women Total Men Total Women Total Men Women Professional service................. 350 382 198 9.4 226 11.3 148 9.4 151 9.3 4 5 Commerce and trade................. 777 680 381 18.1 169 8.4 395 25.1 503 30.3 1 8 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits. 1362 1126 760 36.1 518. 25.7 596 37.9 601 36.1 6 7 Personal and domestic service.......... 491 1388 419 19.9 1061 52.7 71 4.5 324 19.4 1 2 Public service (lower grades)........... 128.... 61 2.9........ 67 4.3........ Agriculture.......................... 64.... 52 2.5........ 12.8.......... Transportation....................... 40.... 23 1.0........ 17 1.1........ Navigation.......................... 40.... 30 1.4........ 10.6........ Unskilled............................ 446 123 184 8.7 40 1.9 256 16.3 83 4.9 6 Grand Total.....................I 3698 3698 2108 100.0 2014 100.0 1572 100.0 1662 100.0 18 22 ^u tc1 Ln C' t cn 66 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [2i8 XIV. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT FACTS The significant facts found in the course of the analysis can now be summarized as follows: (1) The ratio of intermarriage for men and women of all nationalities, as a group, is about 14, (13.59) out of every 100 marriages, (10,835 intermarriages out of 79,704 marriages.) (2) There is a strong tendency for intermarriages to occur within identical generations.48 The first generation tends to intermarry with the first, the second generation with the second. (3) The proportion of intermarriage between persons of different generations decreases as the interval between the generations increases. Thus, intermarriages are more frequent between men of the first generation and women of the first generation, than between men of the first generation and women of the second generation. This is true also of intermarriage between men of the second generation and women of the second generation, as compared with intermarriages between men of the second generation and women of the first generation. (4) In the second generation, both men and women, each considered as a group, irrespective of national descent, intermarry approximately three times as often as men and women of the first generation. In other words, the increase in proportion of intermarriage of the second generation over the first is about 300%. (5) The ratio of intermarriage for women is slightly lower than that for men. (6) There are three main forces at work in each group tending to produce amalgamation with other groups: preponderance of marriageable men over marriageable women, rise in economic status, and diminution in the intensity of the group consciousness or in the attitude of group solidari43 For definition of the term "generation" see Chapter II, p. 16, Note 3. 2 I9] RESULTS 67 ty. In the first generation, the first of these factors is most effective; in the second generation, the last plays the most important role. The factor of economic status remains about constant between the other two. (7) With regard to the ratio of intermarriage, the various nationalities range themselves in an ascending scale. Of the most important groups represented, the Jews and the Negroes are lowest, the Italia's are next, the Irish are higher than the Italians, and the Northern, North Western and some Central European peoples are highest. (8) Distinctions of religion and of color respectively, account for the low proportion of intermarriage among Jews and Negroes. Lack of these barriers and the presence of a numerous variety of similar cultural groups in the population accelerate the fusion of the Northern and North Western European peoples. A shifting population and a somewhat lower social prestige prevent the Italian from rising higher in the scale as yet. Strong religious preferences tend to limit the range of intermarriage among the Irish who otherwise might be higher in the scale. (9) The lower the ratio of intermarriage in the first generation, the greater the tendency for the ratio to be high in the second generation, and consequently the greater the tendency for the proportion of increase to be high. For the lowest group, the Jews, the increase is a little over 700%'; for the middle groups, the Italians and the Irish, it is somewhat over 300% and somewhat over 200%o respectively; for the Northern, North-Western and some Central European peoples it is from 100% to 300%o. (10) While in the second generation there is a striking increase in the proportion of intermarriage, there is a correspondingly striking decrease in the number of nationalities with which individuals of the second generation intermarry. The average number of nationalities for the first generation (for both men and women) is 12; for the second generation (for both men and women) it is 6. (11) The apparent process of selection in the second 68 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [220 generation results in the choice of a group of nationalities predominantly Northern and Northwestern European. This choice may be determined primarily by the preponderance of Teutonic population elements or by a combination of this with the factor of higher social prestige and economic stability of these groups. (12) More than two-thirds of the intermarriages among men and over 60% among women take place in the higher economic classes. (13) The largest proportion of the intermarriages takes place among persons on the middle or mediocre culture plane rather than on the high or low cultural level. Thus, three-fourths of the men who intermarry are found in the occupation groups corresponding to the middle level, namely in commerce and trade, in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits and in personal and domestic service, while only about 10% are professional men and about 12% unskilled workers. The same is true of the women who intermarry, almost 87% of them being found in the middle occupation and culture groups. XV. FURTHER SUGGESTED USES OF DERIVED TABLES AND ORIGINAL DATA 'The statistical tables which form the basis of the discussion in Chapter III are of two kinds: derived tables4 and tables containing the original data.45 But since no effort has been made to present an exhaustive analysis, neither the derived tables nor the original data have been fully utilized, though this is far less the case with the former than with the latter. Thus, for example, from Tables (IVa-IVi) only five ethnic groups were selected for discussion,46 whereas the remaining 24 ethnic groups could 44 See Tables I-V inclusive, VII, VIII, IX-XIII inclusive. Chapter II, pp. 23-25. 45 See Table VI, Series 1-91 and Series 1-88; Statistical Appendix, pp. 101-207. 46 For the reasons directing the choice, see Chapter III, p. 46. 22 ] RESULTS 69 also be considered, one by one, were the requisite information upon each one at hand. Similarly, the detailed explanation of why in one ethnic group the proportion of increase in intermarriage for the second generation is greater or less than the proportion of increase in another ethnic group, was omitted, owing to the lack of certain basic population figures. Only the general trend was noted, based upon the consideration of the mass figures. A similar explanation holds of the use of the original data. Aside from the obvious necessity of presenting in a scientific work the original figures from which the working tables are derived (since the original figures may possibly be recombined by other students in ways different from those of the present author, and thus yield new results) the series of tables referred to are of value because 1) They indicate for each ethnic group separately the number of intermarriages according to generations, the nationalities with which the persons intermarried, the nationalities with which they intermarried most often and the nationalities with which they failed to intermarry. Before any further detailed studies of particular ethnic groups can be undertaken, such figures as those presented in these tables are indispensable as a beginning. 2) They furnish the data for a comparison between linguistic or culture groups and may possibly be used to indicate the general trend of amalgamation within broad racial groups such as the Baltic, Mediterranean and Alpine racial subvarieties in the United States. 3) They lay the basis for comparative studies over larger or shorter periods of time. Finally, the data for New York City presented thus far and the type of discussion followed, may serve as a guide for similar studies for other large cities, for smaller towns and for rural districts, for which intermarriage statistics have not yet been compiled. This monograph suggests what 70 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [222 kinds of facts are to be gathered to obtain significant results, what are the statistical forms into which the facts can be thrown to yield such results, and what are the possible hypotheses that can be framed to explain the facts. Results obtained for other centres of population can be profitably compared with those for New York City and thus the basis can be laid for generalizations and possibly also forecasts as to the process of amalgamation in the United States. CHAPTER IV. INTERPRETATIONS: THE BEARING OF THE RESULTS UPON PUBLIC POLICIES OF ASSIMILATION I. NEED FOR SEPARATING SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS OF FACTS FROM THEIR ETHICAL EVALUATION The chief aim in the preceding pages has been to make clear the method and scope of this study, to indicate its limitations and to present objectively the significant facts and the probable explanations of these facts. The attempt was consciously made to exclude interpretations or ethical evaluations, for in the case of scientific explanation there can be only one aim, namely the discovery of the true causal relations between the phenomena studied, while in the case of the ethical evaluation of the facts the aim may differ with the ideal of progress set up as the final goal. Inasmuch, however, as the original purpose of this study was to gain facts that could be used for guidance in the framing of public policies of assimilation, it seems desirable to indicate the larger bearings of the data even though strictly speaking, it does not fall within the province of this study to do so. The facts enumerated here show one thing almost conclusively. Amalgamation of the European peoples in the United States is going on, and gathering momentum on the way. But while the facts themselves may be incontrovertible, their meaning may vary with the point of view adopted for their interpretation. 223] 7I 72 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [224 II. THE IDEAL OF ETHNIC PURITY To the advocate of ethnic purity' the facts may point to a fatal "mongrelization" of the American people proceeding at a dangerously rapid pace. According to this view, an intermarriage ratio of 14 per 100 (and probably much higher in the smaller communities and rural sections), with a range of increase in the second generation of from 100o(% to 1000%, the rapid dilution particularly of the North European stocks, the disproportionate fusion in the middle economic groups, producing a drab cultural product, are facts to be viewed with grave concern by the American people. When carried to a logical limit this point of view must result in a complete restriction of immigration on the one hand, and in the deliberate intensification of group consciousness among immigrant peoples on the other. The aim of the first policy would be to cut off the inflow of all additional ethnic groups that must needs be fused with those already here. The second policy would be expected to reduce materially the present rate of amalgamation, and tend to hold it down to a minimum. III. THE IDEAL OF RAPID AND THOROUGH ETHNIC AMALGAMATION But while there is no specific evidence as yet to disprove '.For expressions of this view see among others, E. A. Ross, The Old World in the New; "Racial Consequences of Immigration," Century Magazine, Dec., 1913, Vol. 87; "Significance of Immigration," -The American Economic Review Supplement, Vol. II, No. 1, March, 1912, p. 37; Chas. B. Davenport, Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, Ch. V, Migrations and their Eugenic Significance, pp. 212-220; Edwin G. Conklin, Heredity and Environment, pp. 434-435; "The Effect of Race Intermingling" Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association, Nov. 4, 1917; Chas. E. Woodruff, Expansion of Races, p. 389, and p. 390; Paul Popenoe and R. H. Johnson, Applied Eugenics, Ch. XV, p. 304; A. Alleman, "Immigration and the Future American Race," Popular Science Monthly, Vol. 75, p. 592. I 225] INTERPRETATIONS 73 the harmful effects of intermarriage among the various divergent varieties of the European peoples in America, it appears reasonably certain, judging from general biologic principles and from results in analagous historical processes, that such amalgamation is not only not harmful but may even be highly desirable2. At any rate, the danger of "mongrelization" is remote, especially as the fusion is taking place under rather favorable economic and social conditions. Building upon such premises as these the ideal of ethnic homogeneity and consequent thorough social assimilation, achieved through a rapid and thorough mixture of the immigrant peoples, may be opposed to that of ethnic isolation. If now the facts are interpreted from this point of view, the,advocate of ethnic amalgamation finds much encouragement but also much that remains to be achieved. For, his argument may shape itself thus: An intermarriage ratio of 14 per ioo in a city like New York is rather high, but in view of the ever-present tendency towards the formation of self sufficient immigrant 2For expressions of pertinent views, see, for example, Th. Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvizlker, Vol. I, pp. 422-24; F. H. Giddings, Principles of Sociology, p. 324, 325; "The American People," The International Quarterly, June, 1903, Vol. VII, p. 291; G. E. Smith, "The Influence of Racial Admixture in Egypt," The Eugenics Review, Vol. 7, 1915-1916, pp. 163-183; U. G. Weatherly, "Race and Marriage," American Journal of Sociology, Vol. XV, pp. 433-53, Jan., 1910; Papers on "The Effects of Racial Miscegenation" by Earl Finch, and on "Anthropological View of Race," by Felix von Luschan, in Papers on Interracial Problems communicated to the First Universal Races Congress at London, July, 1911, edited by Gustav Spiller; Ignaz Zollschan, Das Rassen-Problem, 5. Abschnitt, Die Folgen von Inzucht und Rassenmischung; Hans Fehlinger, "Kreuzungen beim Menschen," Archiv fir Rassen und Gesellschaftsbiologie, 1911, pp. 447-457; Wm. Z. Ripley, "The European Population of the United States," Huxley Memorial Lecture for 1908. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. XXXVIII, 1908. Race Progress and Immigration, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. XXXIV, JulyDec., 1909, p. 135; Franz Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man, p. 260; Jerome Dowd, "The Racial Element in Social Assimilation," American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 16, p. 633. 74 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [226 colonies, it is not by any means high enough. True, there is an increase of approximately 300%o in intermarriage among the second generation, and a broad range of increase up to 1000%o. But it would be preferable to have a fairly high uniform rate of fusion, rather than some nationalities with a low index of intermarriage at one end of the scale and some with a high index at the other end, as is the case at present. The children of the immigrants must amalgamate even faster than they are doing now, if a homogeneous American people is to be created within the shortest possible period of time. Moreover, he may continue, while fusion among the various nationalities is indeed going on, it is nevertheless very largely within identical generations. First generation mixes with first and second generation with second. There is a tendency to fix certain general habits of life reminiscent of the old world rather than of the new. Should immigration continue, this tendency would be further aggravated. A thorough-going fusion would involve a much more frequent crossing of the generation lines than is indicated by the figures, and would thus facilitate further the process of assimilation of the foreign-born and the native-born. This applies with equal force to the number of nationalities with which persons of each group intermarry. Instead of reduction of the number in the second generation, as appears to. be the case now, there should be even a greater dispersion or at least the same scattering of intermarriage among various groups as there is in the first generation. Furthermore, he may argue, while it is reassuring to discover that it is in the higher economic groups that two-thirds of the intermarriages occur, the aim must be to raise this proportion to even a higher level in order to safeguard absolutely the process of amalgamation as far as its economic and social setting is concerned. And finally, as to the fact that it is the mediocre culture groups which show the largest proportion of intermarriage rather than the highest and the lowest groups, it may be asserted that from the point of view of the thorough 227] INTERPRETATIONS 75 going miscegenationist it makes comparatively little difference what the relative proportions are. The supreme aim is to produce a perfect blend of ethnic stocks. Cultural contributions, being primarily dependent on native capacity for culture-building, will result naturally from a virile and versatile mixed people. Even if in the rapid process of fusion the cultural achievements of the mixing peoples should be largely discarded, and there should result a temporary general lowering of the culture level of the new stock, the loss would surely be made up by leaps and bounds once the homogeneous nation has settled down to a unified national life. Now, how is this process of amalgamation to be consciously accelerated? Here, too, the advocate of rapid and complete fusion may point out, the facts themselves suggest the methods that would logically have to be employed. Three forces, it was found, were at work, mainly responsible for the intermingling of men and women of various ethnic groups: preponderance of marriageable men over women, rise in economic status and a diminution of the intensity of group consciousness. Whatever strengthens these forces also hastens the process of fusion. The first factor finds its freest field of operation in the first generation, the last operates most effectively in the second generation. It is not inconceivable that through conscious social control each of these forces could be so manipulated as to be raised indefinitely in its potency. Through a preferential treatment of single male immigrants, a wider and wider disparity might be created between the number of marriageable men and the number of marriageable women among persons of the first generation. This would act as an indirect compulsion upon both men and women to intermarry, as indeed it already does, although to a much smaller extent under the present conditions. The factor of economic status is even more amenable to control. Every step taken in advancing the living and working conditions of the masses of immigrants, along with that of the native-born 76 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [228 tends to augment their mobility, to create wider and wider contacts and thus to increase the probability of more frequent fusion among the various nationalities. But while the possibility of controlling the first factor (disparity of sex ratios among the marriageable) may be somewhat illusory and its advisability open to serious doubt, and while the control of the second factor (rise in economic status) for the specific purpose of accelerating ethnic fusion may be somewhat irrelevant, the conscious accentuation of the third and apparently most powerful factor, (decrease of intensity of group consciousness) is not only more feasible, but will in the long run produce the desired effect with unerring certainty. One need only examine carefully, so the argument may run, the forces that tend to sap the spirit of group solidarity among the immigrant peoples to see how easily the task might be accomplished.3 Encourage dispersion of the foreign-born populations within the individual communities and throughout the land, discourage on the part of the younger generation especially, affiliation with specifically immigrant communal activities, frown upon educational and cultural undertakings calculated to impart to the younger generation a knowledge and an appreciation of the cultural heritage of the immigrant group, condemn nationalistic leaders who persistently stir up in the immigrant the remembrances and the passions of a life left behind, treat with fine scorn the vain attempts of the intellectuals to formulate theories of "adjustment" to American life; above all, foster in school, in civic life and in international relations a positive ideal of national unity, national homogeneity, singleness of political as well as cultural allegiance-do all this, so argues the ethnic fusionist, do it steadily and systematically, and in two generations, at the most in three, the polyglot American people will be a mere memory and a fully blended, unified nation an accomplished fact. 3 See Chapter III, p. 41. 229] INTERPRETATIONS 77 IV. THE IDEAL OF GRADUAL AMALGAMATION To this reading of the facts still another may be opposed, taking as its basic premise that too sudden and too great a rupture of ethnic bonds is not only undesirable but may turn out to be dangerous. Were there involved in intermarriage nothing but the stark fact of biologic fusion of individuals of not very dissimilar ethnic varieties, there might perhaps be no serious consequences, even if the process went ahead on a large scale and with increasing rapidity. Much more, however, is involved. Intermarriage, it may be urged, is equally a sociological fact. It is a blending of different cultures, through the medium of specific representatives of these cultures. In the newly created home life two civilizations in miniature are contending fdr supremacy. On the one hand, the more dissimilar are the attitudes, the outlooks, the habits of the mating persons, the more difficult will it be to create a harmonious composite.' On the other hand, the more colorless, the more de-vitalized the cultural equipment of either husband or wife or both, the surer will the new family life be characterized by lack of color, lack of insight into and appreciation of the culture values inherent in the ethnic backgrounds of the parties to the marriage. Violent transitions in mental and social life, then, are to be 4See for example Fishberg's conclusion that mixed marriages between Jews and non-Jews are three to four times more likely to be dissolved than pure marriages. Maurice Fishberg, The Jews, p. 217. Also Karl Walcker, Grundriss der Statistik, p. 138, quoted by Hoffman in Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro: "It has been found that the number of children to a marriage was 4.35 where both persons were of the same religion (Christian) but only 1.58 where the father was Christian and the mother was a Jewess. When both were Jews the number of births, to a marriage was 421 but only 1.78 where the father was evangelized, and 1.66 where the father was a Catholic," p. 192. Walcker believes that the barriers which make marriage of Jews and Christians less fruitful are psychological rather than physiological. For a statement of the general underlying principle, see Edward Westermark, The History of Human Marriage, Ch. XIII, The Law of Similarity, pp. 278-289. 78 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [230 avoided as much as possible. The passage from one phase to another, must be relatively smooth to avoid the deteriorating effects of the shock that must come to the nervous system and to the complex social organism.5 One who interprets the facts in the light of these principles, feels considerable apprehension in reviewing them. According to his view, the striking increase in the proportion of intermarriage in the second generation, far from being a cause for rejoicing, should make one pause and ask if not more is lost than gained by the sudden snapping of group bonds which this indicates. For, it must be repeated, the intermarriage ratio marks only the lower limit of group disruption, so to speak, and as a rule the higher the intermarriage ratio, the more extensive the breaking away from the group life in all its phases. The adherent of gradual amalgamation would observe further, that in spite of the powerful centrifugal forces operating within the groups there are counteracting centripetal tendencies present. This is shown by the occurrence of intermarriages to a large extent within identical generations, and also by the fact that the proportion of mixed marriages between persons of different generations decreases as the interval between the generations increases. Rather than decrying this tendency as leading towards a fixation of types instead of making for thoroughgoing amalgamation, it should be looked upon as a wholesome brake upon too precipitate a process, thus providing in a small measure the more gradual transition from one generation to another, which is so greatly needed. Homogeneity achieved more slowly in this fashion will be more genuine and more permanent than the apparent unification resulting from too quick a fusion. One who holds this point of view may go further and say: That there is an irresistible impulse making for eth5 For an analysis of neurotic symptoms growing out of the intense mental conflict due to violent transitions from one type of thought-life to another, radically different type, see the instructive case cited in A. A. Brill's Psychanalysis, p. 102, Second Edition. 23I] INTERPRETATIONS 79 nic amalgamation can hardly be doubted in the face of the facts as a whole. Now since this amalgamation is probably inevitable and will proceed at a cumulative speed, there ought to be some effort to save as much as possible from the wreckage that results from the collapse of the cultural heritages of the fusing groups. This is all the more urgent since the mixture is going on primarily in the mediocre culture groups. Here there is neither the cultural equipment nor a keen enough self-consciousness to produce the desire to transmit to the rising generation culture values worth while conserving and incorporating into American life. While the biologic products of the union will in all probability be of virile stock, the cultural atmosphere into which the new generation is born will be nondescript. The result will be not so much a deterioration of cultural life, for, where there is little or none of it, it is hardly accurate to speak of deterioration. The result will rather be that at the critical moment in the life of the growing second generation there will be nothing to offer it but a drab outlook upon life. But what is far more to be regretted, the unique opportunity that America has of utilizing the rich cultural heritages of the immigrant groups and weaving them into the texture of its growing civilization,-an opportunity such as no other nation ever was offered under the same circumstances-will inevitably be lost. To be consoled by the thought that the new versatile nation resulting from the fusion of many peoples will soon replace, by the potency of its own genius, what may have been discarded or neglected or deliberately ignored in the culture of the immigrant groups, is very much like justifying the barbarities the invading Germanic tribes committed upon the civilization of ancient Rome, on the basis that they ruthlessly cleared the ground for the creation of a newer and more virile culture, irrespective of the high achievements already recorded in the Greco-Roman world. That a thousand years later the more civilized descendants of these empire wreckers should rediscover the ruined remnants of a glorious past and cher 80 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [232 ish them as long-lost treasures is ample proof of the original sin and madness of the fathers. And finally, he may argue, this faith in the spontaneous creation of a new culture lacks a firm scientific basis, as it is grounded in an erroneous view of the nature of progress. Uncontrolled, unguided social movements tend to level down, whereas the essence of progress is conscious, deliberate selection and accentuation of those social forces that tend in the direction of improvement and perfection of group life. Quite naturally the methods by which this point of view is to be translated into action will differ from those of the radical fusionist. Amalgamation being inevitable, it is needless to increase, through preferential immigration of single males, for example, the disparity between the number of marriageable men and of marriageable women of the first generation. To do so would be to encourage the growth of difficult social problems arising out of an unsettled type of population, such as these unmarried male immigrants are bound to be. Experience in the past in the congested American cities, has shown the grave dangers both to the community and to the immigrant. To the improvement of the economic status of the groups there can be no objection. But the facts show that only a comparatively small share can be assigned to this force in the production of amalgamation. There is not much promise, then, in this method, even though it could be applied on a larger scale and more consciously than is likely to be the case. As to assiduously inducing a lack of group consciousness among immigrants, or undermining group solidarity in whatever form found, quite the opposite attitude is to be assumed. The fundamental objection to congested immigrant quarters is not that they tend to keep alive oldworld habits and old-world interests. Far greater and more immediately menacing evils are the unsanitary and over 233] INTERPRETA TIONS 81 crowded tenements, the lack of recreational facilities for the youth and educational opportunities for the immigrant adult, the poorly lighted, ill-ventilated shops and factories, the inadequate protection to life-conditions over which the immigrant as such has practically no control, but must accept as he finds them upon his arrival. In a more favorable physical and economic setting much, if not all, of the apparent unsavoriness of immigrant life would fall away, as it actually does, as soon as circumstances are changed for the better. Moreover, rather than discourage affiliation with immigrant communal activities on the part of the younger generation, every effort should be made to foster among them an intelligent and appreciative interest in the cultural activities of their elders. The educational efforts of the immigrant community directed to this end are to be commended as contributions to the spiritual enrichment of the rising generation of Americans; if need. be, constructively criticized, but hardly frowned upon as unworthy of a free democratic life. Nationalistic leaders in the group, instead of being condemned as unwelcome and misguided enthusiasts are rather to be brought into closer contact with the aspirations of the larger American community, thus enabling them to reinterpret for their own people, the life in the new environment. Efforts of leaders of thought among the immigrants to formulate "theories of adjustment," instead being relegated to the class of intellectual vaporings, should rather be examined as reasoned expressions of a deep-seated desire to fit into the new life and yet przserve the, individuality of the group. The net result of this more sympathetic attitude, may possibly turn out to 'be a considerable heightening of group consciousness and perhaps a temporary retardation of actual fusion. But ultimately amalgamation will take place and with a younger generation, inheriting something of the cultural past of its group, the process will go ahead on a progressively higher cultural plane. America will thus gain far more in the long run than she loses. 82 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [234 V. THE IDEAL OF INTELLECTUAL AND EMOTIONAL HARMONY One other point of view is possible. It is to ignore the fact of intermarriage. Or if not ignore it, at least to minimize its importance. Accordingly, it may be said, whether the group fuse or not biologically is really of no consequence. Intermarriage is not an absolute essential of assimilation. The co-existence of racial varieties with a strong spirit of national unity in France, Switzerland, Italy and even Germany would tend to prove that racial homogeneity is not an absolute essential of national unity. If then, the former is not to be considered the summum bonum of national development, then failure to fuse biologically need not be counted as something running counter to the democratic ideal. The concept of democracy, must, therefore, be further expanded to include ethnic stocks, which, though mentally and morally adjusted, nevertheless remain biologically more or less distinct. Whether in any specific case it would have been more advantageous for the group to have fused or to have remained intact is as impossible to ascertain as it is profitless to speculate upon. For, if the group disappears there is no way of telling what it might have contributed if it had not fused. And similarly, if the group has kept intact, there is no means of finding out what its contributions would have been if it had fused. But even if racial homogeneity were a desirable national ideal it is extremely doubtful if it can ever be achieved completely. Thus far the fusion of the various white ethnic stocks does not seem to have produced a real blend." 6"Study of Old Americans," by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of Physical Anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution, Journal of Heredity, VI, page 509, Nov., 1914. Also "The Old White Americans" in the Proceedings of XIXth International Congress of Americanists, Washington, 1917. "One of the main objects of his study was to determine whether the descendants of the early American settlers, living in a new environment, and more or less constantly intermarrying were being amalgamated into a distinct sub-type of the white race. Enough has already been found, as this preliminary report shows, to prove that such amalgamation has not taken place to any important degree. The 235] INTERPRETATIONS 83 Moreover, the highest form of assimilation exists not where one individuality swallows up another, or one group merges indistinguishably with another, but where each side adapts to its own personality the unique contributions of the other.7 That is, each side utilizes the other as a stimulus for a continuous creative life. The number of dispersistence in heredity of certain features, which run down even through six or eight generations is one of the remarkable results brought out by the study. If the process could continue for a few hundred years, Dr. Hrdlicka thinks, it might reach a point where one could speak of the members of old American families as of a distinct stock. But so far this point has not been reached; the Americans are almost as diverse and variable, it appears, as were their first ancestors in this country." From the Journal of Heredity, March, 1917, p. 104 -105. "The Melting Pot a Myth." 7 Assimilation conceived in this form seems to be the central thought of Prof. Dewey in his address on "Nationalizing Education," Addresses and Proceedings of the National Education Association, New York, 1916, Vol. IV, p. 185. He says: "I find that many who talk the loudest about the need of a supreme and unified Americanism of spirit really mean some special code or tradition to which they happen to be attached. They have some pet tradition which they would impose upon all. In thus measuring the scope of Americanism by some single element which enters into it they are themselves false to the spirit of America. Neither Englandism nor New-Englandism, neither Puritan nor Cavalier, any more than Teuton or Slav, can do anything but furnish one note in a vast symphony. "The way to deal with hyphenism, in other words, is to welcome it in the sense of extracting from each people its special good, so that it shall surrender into a common fund of wisdom and experience what it especially has to contribute. All of these surrenders and contributions taken together create the national spirit of America. The dangerous thing is for each factor to, isolate itself, to try to live off its past, and then to attempt to impose itself upon other elements, or, at least, to keep itself intact and thus refuse to accept what other cultures have to offer, so as thereby to be transmuted into authentic Americanism." Or, even in a more vigorous vein: "No matter how loudly any one proclaims his Americanism, if he assumes that any one racial strain, any one component culture, no matter how early settled it was in our territory, or how effective it has proven in its own land, is to furnish a pattern to which all other strains and cultures are to conform, he is a traitor to an American nationalism." p. 184-185. 84 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [236 tinctive individualities is thcn constantly multiplied instead of reduced and the only problem worthy of attention is the harmonization of the lives of these unique individualities. But a deeper objection, by far, can be raised. It is, that to strive for racial homogeneity would divert the national imagination and the national will from the ideal of intellectual and emotional harmony among the masses of diverse elements, to the ideal of physical commingling and unity of blood relationship. Doubtless the latter is easier of attainment. But in the spiritual struggles for the realization of the former, profounder levels of unity are constantly reached and the national ideal thus approaches step by step the all-embracing human ideal. Herein is to be found the only adequate answer to the insistent and rightly insistent cry for national unity and the dread of America as a "polyglot boarding-house." To encourage, then, the growth of cultural consciousness among the various immigrant groups with the aid of their ultimate disappearance is like calling upon them to make elaborate preparation for their own burial ceremonies. Why not leave the question of biologic fusion open for the decision of each individual and each group? The burden of conserving cultural individuality rests after all upon the group as such. If it has a virile cultural life, no artificial stimulants will be needed to keep it alive. If it lacks vitality and melts away in contact with other superior cultures, then it has surely merited its fate. According to this view, one duty only can rightfully be laid upon the immigrant groups. It is, that they must become an integral part of American life, in the sense of not holding aloof from its broad, common interests, but sharing by sentiment and by deed in the common aspirations and enterprises of the whole people. Thus as a phase of a comprehensive American national consciousness, cultural group consciousness becomes an asset in the expanding life of the nation, and its furtherance a distinct service towards the creation of a unique and rich civilization. 2371 INTERPRETATIONS 85 VI. IMPLICATIONS FOR GENERAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY Finally, attention may be called in a few words to the deeper implications for sociological theory of the problem discussed in this monograph. Amalgamation of divergent ethnic stocks in the United States is proceeding within a democratic setting. There is no attempt to produce national unity and solidarity through compulsion, as was the case, for example, in some of the European countries, such as Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany. This situation offers to the United States the unique opportunity of experimenting in the field of conscious social control of the transmission through education of the varied cultural heritages of the immigrant peoples. It opens up the possibility of consciously creating a synthetic culture. Moreover, it suggests the larger possibilities of world organization upon the basis of harmonious co-operation of racial and cultural groups within the State, rather than upon the basis of forced unification. I CHAPTER V. STATISTICAL APPENDIX INTRODUCTORY NOTE This Appendix contains all statistical tables enumerated on pp. 23-25 in Chapter II, Method and Scope, with the exception of Tables I, II, III, IVa, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII. These tables were inserted into the body of the text for purposes of more convenient reference in following the argument at various successive points. Tables IVb-IVi (pp. 93-100) supplement Table IVa (p. 43) by presenting the proportions of intermarriage arranged in order of magnitude in five classes (Class I-Class V) for men and women separately and for each generation separately. These tables, together with Table IVa form the basis of the general conclusion that the Jews and Negroes are at the lowest point of the scale of proportions of intermarriage, the Italians, Irish, Poles (Russian and Austrian), Greeks, Finns, at the middle point, while the Northern, Northwestern and some Central European peoples tend to gather near the highest point. Table V is a summary table giving in alphabetical order x the nationalities studied in this monograph, indicating the number of marriages and number of intermarriages recorded for each national group and for each "generation" within each group, and the proportion of intermarriage for each nationality and for each "generation" within the group. The alphabetical arrangement makes reference to a particular nationality easy, while the basic figures from which the proportions of intermarriage were calculated make it 239] 87 88 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [240 possible to evaluate correctly in each individual case the true significance of the ratio of intermarriage. Table VI, Series 1-91 (for men) (pp. 101-154) and Seriesj 1-88 (for women) (pp. 155-207) show the number of intermarriages for each nationality separately, the nationalities with which men and women respectively intermarried and the generations of the persons intermarrying. Each of the nine possible combinations of the three generation groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation) is noted and the cases of marriage are classified under them. In the case of the men the combinations are: marriages between 1st generation men and 1st generation women (of the same or of a different nationality); 1st generation men and 2nd generation women; 2nd generation men and 1st generation women; 1st generation men and 3rd generation women; 3rd generation men and 1st generation women; 2nd generation men and 2nd generation women; 2nd generation men and 3rd generation women; 3rd generation men and 2nd generation women; 3rd generation men and 3rd generation women. Similarly for the women where the order is reversed in each combination. / Thus, for example, in Table I, Series 1-91, (p. 03) the figures giving the number of intermarriages between Armenian men and Irish women (the seventh line below the caption) are to be read as follows: Number of intermarriages between Armenian men of the 1st generation and Irish women of the 2nd generation-2; total number of inmarriages between Armenian men of the 1st generation and Irish women of the 2nd generation-2; total number of intermarriages between Armenian men and Irish women-4. Or, in the case of the tables in Series 1-88 (for women): In Table II, Series 1-88 (p. 157), the figures giving the number of intermarriages between Bohemian women and Italian men (the sixteenth line below the caption) are to be read as follows: Number of intermarriages between Bohemian women of the 1st generation and Italian men of the 1st generation-3; number of intermarriages between Bohemian 2411 STATISTICAL APPENDIX 89 women of the 1st generation and Italian men of the 2nd generation —1; number of intermarriages between Bohemian women of the 2nd generation and Italian men of the 1st generation-2; number of intermarriages between Bohemian women of the 2nd generation and Italian men of the 2nd generation-2; total number of intermarriages between Bohemian women and Italian men-8. For a statement of the value of these two series of tables for further study see p. 69. Table VII (p. 208) gives the percentage of increase in intermarriage of the 2nd generation over the 1st generation. The proportions of increase are grouped into 8 classes, with an additional class indicating proportions of decrease. In this table are presented, in a re-grouping, the figures in Table V (opp. p. 100) giving the percentage of increase and decrease in proportion of intermarriage of the 2nd generation over the first. Table VII, taken in conjunction with Tables IVa-IVi and Table V form the basis for the general conclusion that the lower the ratio of intermarriage in the first generation, the greater the ratio in the second, and therefore the greater the relative increase. Tables (XIV-XVII) present figures on the basis of which the general conclusion is reached that, while in the first generation there is a general preponderance of marriageable men and women, there is a definite approach to an equality of sex ratios of marriageable persons in the second generation. (For the application of this result to the argument, see Chapter III, p. 36.) ABBREVIATIONS I. F B F P==foreign born of foreign parents===lst generation. N B F P —native born of foreign parents=2nd generation. N B N P —native born of native parents==3rd generation. II Austria (Boh.)=Austria (Bohemian); Austria (Germ.) -Austria (German); Austria (Ital. )=Austria (Italian); Austria (Jew.)=Austria, (Jewish); Austria (Pol.)==Austria (Polish); B. W. I (Col.)==British West Indies (Colored); B. W. I. (Engl.)==British West Indies (English); Bulgaria (jew. )=Bulgaria (Jewish); Canada (Col.)=Canada (Colored); Canada (Engl.)=Canada (English); Cuba (Col.)==Cuba (Colored); Cuba (Span.)==Cuba (Spanish); D. W. I. (Col.)=~Dutch West Indies (Colored); England (Jew.)=7 -England (Jewish); France (Jew.)-=France (Jewish); Germany (Jew.)==Germany (Jewish); Germany (N.)= Germany (North); Germany (S.)=Germany (South); Holland (Jew.)==Holland (Jewish); Hungary (Germ.) -Hungary (German); Hungary (Hung.)==Hungary (Hungarian); Hungary (Jew.)==Hungary (Jewish); Hungary (Sl.)=Hungary (Slovak); Mexico (Span.)= Mexico (Spanish); Porto Rico (Span.)=Porto. Rico (Spanish); Rumania (Jew.)==uana(Jewish); Russia (Jew.)=Russia (Jewish); Russia (Pol.)==Russia (Polish); Switzerland (Germ.)==Switzerland (German); Switzerland (Ital. )=Switzerland (Italian); Turkey (Jew4)==Turkey (Jewish); U. S. (Jew.)= —United States (Jewish); U. S. (Col.)=United States (Colored); Venezula (Span. )=Venezuela (Spanish). 90 [242 2431 STATISTICAL APPENDIX ES to ES k to aS A iga aa' 0; II U4 w 4E O I I SE 92 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [244 Olaiifoatioa of BtUonolitieo aooordliA to laoortlot of Intuarrla N on dat IMS n t the Iaoond OensrtliB (8m tahe nr ot p oa lob * otUato t ot t po mroeauts boas, me tble v. p.100 ) i, I i i Ii I | } l I I -- I I w '!I ^ I l " Y,11 ~.. 8a Is il ii 4.. o!:i ^1.** "I Os Bt 0 _X ir; gg vl 6 e. c!1 4e *,_ * Of 245] STATISTICAL APPENDIX 93 0Iu-iiota Oat1oof ihttOUaIt aecrdioa to Pyoortion of utwwaMrrSM am of tte 1t ad 2 lri (lor tf marwr cf asss *Oa which U Bt oORtatirni Of ~th pro..taem I* base, am bble 1, p.100 ~,, -a 8,I ii = Ii V ~ 4. I 6 i i01? t ai ljie sAs — - - - - I.i -4 1 sS *! | S a f A " 'm s 6 &! jz 94 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [246 fALBL IV& &lasfioatica of Ntlo2ajities ao*WdizR to- &92gotla ojZUf!twinziaa (1908 - 191z) (lot 0h XbIr OCofmem opec whih tM aeeq utation of the paroneatme is b04, a" fabis? ]P.100) *1 e q q0 -Ad 4. * d jd qp* W* 0~ I ~ Itii~ --- — - 247] STATISTICAL APPENDIX 2&A)L Vlt We af WAtiaU2lais Somdl to] ]PartiA af htt 95 /lldl]LIL a rotRlt 'k tI ndrv orf owie qpa ud W ttm eM l f ft _imtgg S 1 Ind* o0 1L V. 100 ) tfiS ti1j i i F i M C f i 8 nix....s..... i,i,,,,~ i,' iii l_ 1 I I A 6j. a li~i 11. aawa ______!|,NI ------ - -- I i o pi ffl _, -' _ t i j 96 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [248 L&.A B I, {~.. lB 01as3 ficktica of 1attonalitigo t n ~ot! f ~Imrmaarrl.. gteanjtf tho tat s^ 2fld aairs tict m (.o o as - X91o) (1508 ~ 1M) (For theo noumbr of o o UpoS uhloh the oopatation ar tie proentageo is basd, -o ftblo V, p. 3I0) S (n ~8 a eP ].. A a so 4 ~ a- aiC1 4,4 -d 3 oode, 0 -- Id r fl )d h~l S 8; 8S 8 8 8 _ _ _ ro Id 4 4 I i I a i a Id Oj S I 4 5 I ~.-,,...4-,.el o0 Es~isS S S3 8 9L -- - -- - - 8r i~S j a s aa s o ~ ri II ii lil i ) r OP 13 Id 0>c < ~ ''( _^_ glq l g iaa k 3 i s! 4 Il t& Pb.lir 5 S i3. ~1 1 i ii i:'~ 2 s iII P 3 I5 | I s|^ a ~1j;| AA-~lJA~l.j-ll.Js__ s s 249] STATISTICAL APPENDIX 97 8 r. b, P i I I a 0 so I I 9 i '4 7A a o -4.?d o-.o... ~t " a - ta i i t i:. ' i i__ 3,,.s.mS._a 8,. dh I3l S l.ii I..s 1 _" 4 55 ^ - i — i - Isl aa lob 2 3S W a-a ^~r9 tI i 1! t* l~jiil illilli 0 a I i 0 * 8o 0 I k ft Aj 4. aj ai a 0.4 4Y..4k II i aD I st I %" .-,O 90 98 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY [5 [250 I A v. at a2 A A I i I 4. b2 A L t PrOPBTINB OP GCpiWl-W AMON XZH AD g"u OF vAi;Wau ImrTIrAITI NW Ton CITY (la - 1912) I= (ftAe abl do" not 1oiud surU- btmu lat O5i~tl<~ I" aW tCnntion awul gorrtica a 2rd ogartlim G|g 31 Pprstha Ad geM2ar t houai 2 it 2 g Sr xMratBtlon ma anb Bd SAration raRl and vice Twro) I O. O o II T B B I aA Ca B A S A 3 ~ Ba 1 0 ~ A E R IA G ES IO. O P U A R B I A G z s B 0. O. l 1 Eon et N QeT an-s Clo jen,m Noen and wmen lat geter. -2nd geaer. lot gener.-+ l geagr. Ist zenar.~+2n goae r. let gerr.+2aa gener. 1lsat ae r.-2a d gesaer. let gener.+ 2nd gener. bt goner. + 2ad gener st _A____ ~ B P p i p+ 7aPp) (MaTPPi r raF ) my gp F rapp-iH) Ip) _ F___ ( BBYPBPP I_ (yBFPP-NByP iycs I1 — ^ 1 -— L e —^ 1^ tt_ t i L =J — —:La,. J &i I -- iroaps Total { ----- o - j I.I 1- -- 'Total -- - toa!| aI t1 1 i ~s or% ISBC?~ 2 Is lat 2c 2 1 Oror ICTS 2D1l; I.st 1 2ad y|!rEcrae t ast i 1s: t c*. &;'c:1; lst. 1 2na. 1Itt & 2ad lt 1 2n11 lt & Zid lt 21l Ilat ZI of 2IA gP r i get? ~ 3iyr.- gnera. cf 2sd gen9r gsne. o3r. o ge r 2 r. ge t u r. 1 i uj.tr I, L^r. j) r. geame. gcrAr. geatr. so P r. gser. geer. ge ar. go (eitP+ ) i7~K;P) (B cw (J rP (NM) oTe (F3PB+(FP) (;BPJ 1 ver PPT (YBPP)!tXBFP)! (iP-|(FBPP ) (I Fp) (F?.FP+ PBPP) (BPP) (PBP-t- (YPMP) (~B~P Ff ja |P j ifzt e ]r. 52P j | | lst gaer. B? ) pat goecr. FP | E3r) I VZPy 3 7}j) |1 B1 T B R-I A R B I A 0 3s men 'Wo gener.-2nd goner. lot g6nar.4-2ad; 1 ear. (PB -oraN P) P (yR p-t Epi I?otal i 2ad l st 2nd Lt &6 2d as i-a r. Rgaerco. goaer geaar. ar. +?BP (wPP) (BP - _(tB. () PBP) I I 1 I I j 1 -1 s 6 6 6 7 18 AiL 2s i6 19 l0 12.2 I5 11 26 26 31 b2 69 60 61 b2 63 64 A3ustrla (Bah.) Astrl& (!8Gor.) j;uatt-r (I l,1) Austrl (Jew. ) Aa trlI (iaol.) r'.t. I*Gt % Jd. (ol,.) Brit, ~Lt A. (Dt l) fcaraa (' >.) Canada (Preonh) c.ba (CoL.) Ombs (.Ou) Desnark 'acih oat Iad. (Col.) thglimd (i*.) JelnlaoA Pruo (Jew.) Ctromy (CBbaoad groups) Ger:my (]ort ) GOenMOZ (Bouth),rnnay (wgro not loctfd) Gabu (Jew.) eolland Bollcad (J-w) Bmr (Genm) BWgaay (B22m.) BamsrY (SlovakJ l1*A4 (Cmb inl grop) ALtay aoril J Italy (Souvb) Italy (group aot looato) Jew (Oabluod groups) somm Zorto Bloo (lpa.) yortgal Roussauls Booual& (Jew) B&,io (Jw.) reals& (POl.) soin ntsorlamd (Oftol) ritserland (Gm.) aItnrland (I tal.) ftrty (Jew.) Wales 0oelred (Obloed group) United States (Jew.) Uited States (Col.) Batlonalitles represented by lest th&n ta ses* T I I I I I 9.65 S.14 6000 25.1b 17.71 49.67 69.71 55.20 e8.7~ 36.89 36.64 O.9s.*?7 5.6 13.56 1.61 31.60K b9.CZ 51.el o.00 *48.0 O 3V.86 0.1Z O O I O. 33.S 11el1 o 79.6 76.4? es.3 6t B | 6, 6.6 i.70 65.56 60.00.B34 3.4 400 O 73.M 6753 95.45 47.42 40.37 80.00 1..765 20.00 62.70 5469 2 b.56 3.47 4.M 2.72 16*.82 16,27 75.00 49.5 43,3 86.71 6.54 3.44 8.06 33.54 S.66 38.74 U 06 52.C 70e56,5696 5.16 '/1,67 21.58 lS.50 3S~l~ 16, 3.74 6.0. 22,.14 200,OC00 62.58.33 92.'/5 400 3.70 4.4 4.41 23.51 173.68 8. 7.,8e 85.71 2.2 2.09 %31 14.09 1.66 "44.23 21.59 14.64 W.99 6*76 5.7118.88 16.73 16.73 D.67 5. 6 5.95.bl 656 3.69 22.06 72,41 72.41 0 1.17.64 4.51 87.5 91.30 0 S9.1 I34.74 86~24 50.76 50.00 6G.66 88,23 8671 0.0 13.5 13.88 0 *45.35 2.52.62.36 340 20.25 19.70 65.21 100.00 LOO.00 0 59.79 60.46 88.88 33.1 29.79 84.21 91.04 26.61 73.36 82.08 88.70 0 66.32 59.92 89.79 66.86 68.42 33.3 4.63 4.63 0 13.15 12.38 100.0.80.80 0 59.44.50,5 79.64 93% for 1 4., 10 for 3rd go. 1.0 for 3rd gen. f67.0 274.2 i60.7 0 9S6.4 254.1 154.4 0 0 0 0 116.6 l.179.9 0 141.3 22g.9 266t.6 150.9 46X.9 135. 1 15.6 MA! 2 195.8 160.9 464.6 173. 8 117.2 3L?.3 1093.1 158.3 324.0 233.7 160.6 597.5 0 704.6 0 245.3 133.2 116.7 0 720.0 94.4 331.0 0 176.1 282.6 275.6 0 148.8 -206.0 0 807.7 0 i57.5 otal,. oolax sIen & lb. aen & IA. j I ii I1 II I li ii! I i i;I II ili!i li I: I 17.58 16.67 12.121 10.69 55.97 61.96 47~82 0.84.55 9.25 8.87 61.06 59.41 o6&.65 40.31 48.31 0 0 j 6.34 1.11 79.-02 75.00 70.26 6C;5 56.6 660.00 3.44 4.00 75.92 72.09 o 76 48.18 0 0 66.09 60.71 3.77.60 8.09 7.3 46.8 37.36 11.11 O o I36.33 31.22 I7.1457*08 59*91 59.60 3D.9 21.32 7. 7 4. OS;6.73.34. 5. 67.45 62.23 5*71 5.26 1.84 i18.10 42e;4.2.97.82 466 4.61 17.4& 8 9.61 9.6 7.46 14.311.,8 7.92 5.52 72,41 72.41,12.50 87.50 S1.3 60.97 58.97 88.23 66.71 2 80 23.80.41.43.60.26 27.30 27.00 100.00 oo.00 61.92659.77 36.96 34.39 26. 79 22.46 81.81 90,00 65.98 61.06 61.11 64.70 5.26.26 22.0 20.80 1.09 1.03 62.82 64.54 l1g first. soe 5.144 far 3r 1.768 for 3r... I T 100, 17.69 89.58 0 5.16 16.80 83.54 0 0 0 0 90.97 93.18 33.34 O 90.SO 88.63 0 81.96 3596 75.00 88.37 17.24 40.90 58.82 69.56 40.69 8.86 96,16 6,25 625,6 0 2.33 25.00 29.85 45.49.00,0 60,00 40,69 5,67.. 16 ITO 100.0 0 0 3.?76 71.42 89.78 87.50 70.00 0 91.07 0 0 100.0 0 Iod and it seaer 599.8 165.4 179.3 936.*3 189.4 10 144.2 -179.9 l O 126.0 183.9 935.0 110 1016.2 236.6 0 131.0 103l0 116.7 190.8 2890.6 118.0 0 310.6 610.6 657.1 777.3 0 247.2 169.6 115.7 0 0 264.4 0 166.9 248.6 311.6 0 149.1 0 0 480.7 0 ) 151.4 ird gererat. man ~ oIr I i i: t; jj I! Ij,1 *i i I til o o0 30.52 23.65 62.87 5809 18.75 20.00 1.12.50 17.48 1S.87 58.09 55.43,27.27 28.12 28.57 0 o 0 0 79.88 73.26 l 72.2 66.67 0 0 0 0 71.11 61.76 39.09 29.95 3.2? 1.69 68.5446.36 3.14 5.55 23.98 23.54 51.96 43.23 2.17 7.69 31.18 25.S8 48,10 6.61 5.17 49.54 28.10 17.17 2.83 2.62 56.0 37.80 0 0 29.27 28.23 12.50 11.17 3 B2 3.10 21.69 a.12 25.31 118.66 4.35 3.69 10.15 19.68 4214 216 3.09 1.5 0 0 1~2.76 42.43 1.23 3S..z M.78 0 0 0 0.48.29.74.47 11.68 10.I71 0 0 57.41 46.59 28.76 24.4" 34.8930.33 82.3 87.50 66.66 58.66 69.5 71.42 4.00 4.0 1.98 1.98.56.56 55.38 45.45 tons 3.681 for 3i.4~ for 31 F c 6 4 7 8 8 I I I i I 0 6b.81 88.23 0 6.00 42.67 76.92 0 0 0 0 88.74 83.34 O 0 100.00 91.66 50.00 83.11 1.67 765.00 e5.63 0 S6.74 76.47 73.17 35. s 2.96 0 90.69 0 81.81 86.71 3.89 66.26 38.31 V.16 2.06 1"37 0 89.19 0 0 62.60 0 88.02 81.81 76.X1 0 89.01 50.00 0 O 0 76.19 I I i T 0 282.4 161.8 0 1200. 268.8 138.7 O 0 O 0 121.1 126. 0 0 0 161.9 306.6 17%.J -332.3 318.6 ).33.4 0 144. 7 167.6 147.6 2099 112.9 0 239.6 0 289.7 767.3 125.*4 266.3 206.3 248.2 -234. 5 -104.3 782.9 0 458.9 0 M19.5 0 0 0 123.l 661.0 583,5 0o 18.9 334.7 0 151.7 -142.8 0o 0o 0 167.6 -f 166 1451 988 39 14032 5197 218 1666 10 10 12 705 164 18 29 99 663 138 3614 403 850 16s 91 14979 935 1322 12724 486 I 60 291 100 1061 733 4862 3597 1847 23881 13140 29 24 700 65 17 37 | 46 11 1667 311 a210 686 151 228 971 143 6641 1429 4784 186 164 o101 855 38 I128-D 4914 193 16M 182 10 9 442 96 15 483 28 77 139 2576 189 92 1161 29 258 659 220 1042 726 11826 21975 ~173 117b9 29 23 62 14 36 25 Z7 11 1179 1901 62 ISD 226 99 99 185 159 2 950 | 133 112 283 68 3 22 80 8 1038 220 8 294 62 6S4 15 1 6 6839 2176 69 46 i1 7 62 6721 7538 19 61 19 147 3 1 2 0 40 [ —L i I iI I I I I I 11 11 11 I II I I I I I I II 1 A91;75 23 6767 2,475 113 925 89 10 12 636 92 29 920 77 1988 212 383 691 45 7780 611 1792 04 IG16 8812 36778 33D 341 17 23 165 76 127 199 78 3344 642 2301 87 I i i i I i I i I I I I I I L ( i 90 505 404 23 6341 2356 101 916 89 iC1 9 m is 26 276 74 1489 111 379 662 16 4503 709 3906 662 335 3a 164 | 1101 29 39 i. 1l 11 636 167 e99 S05 17 76 193 1024 oS 8O 130 48 0 426 115 12 9 3 3 44 3 11 44 499 l01 23 3277 17 3237 1 32 392 6 120 S27 1 24 2 0o 39 1396 7 186 9 66 1 0 0 23 19 I I I i I I -I 75 816 536 16 7265 2722 105 741 64 0 O 353 72 0 0 45 243 61 191 46? 764 46 7199 422 696 6181 1694 226 026 30 667 Ms 270~ 9785 1199 4047 6962 0 S2707 o14 14607 86 735 34 111 170 65 3297 78'i 2483 74 596 451 15 6549 2558 92 722 63 0 o 202 0 o" 0 2071 72 465 699 13 3as 555 2586 226 *2 I 6 376 1941 10204 2709 16 1370 840 0 54 92 254 101 176 4 761 I I I I I I I I I I 1 220 85 1 716 164 13 19 1~ 0f i 1O 24 I 2 139 119 165 34 896 104 0!14 7 32 869 42 1 2 1 1S ~1 16 365 590 14 139 705 130 61 O 0 1 663 124 10 1 73 267 2 2266 14 721 i6 495 7405 180 184 40 359 691 2109 507l 4006 1615 390 491 794 7" 21 33 12 7 30 3 85 62 62 73 I i - I I 15 472 14 74 615 110 6 61 0 1 928 9 1 196 1 0 137 469 1 459 694 1149 49 120 2 57 90 1720 1256 3942 477 496 21 an 222 91 12 9 126 369 11 695 87 56 26 7 28 9 60o 10 lO 1 170 l18 o 65 90 0 24 61 1 0 21 72 1o 6 6 252 5 269 36 46 2610 131 1 as 14 6 19 23 2286 360 48 14 298 0 0 52 2 3 0 3 109 0 336 16 146 132 1 0 2 36 _ 16 77 253 11 67 229 69 6 43 0 1 292 72 10 1 172 0 8 31 324 6 2749 292 436 2022 192 116 114 9s 15 21 94 1 1110 169 597 21 21 25 6 98 11 509 61 266 27 225 11 28 2 49 51 32 41 I 15 64 210 11 36 209 69 6 O 1 190 31 9 1 31 139 0 908 28.210 0 1406 282 419 706 116 89 2 88 16 74 878 131 398 349 21 21 98 29 6 5 47 279 11 54 27 11 25 30 9 __I I i II 11 23 22 10 0 0 0 0 l01 41 19 1 0 10 4 11 5 123 10 100 22 0 0 6 1028 38 6 0 189 0 2 0 167 7 61 0 19 _. 11 I i 11 I I i I -L I 0 288 357 3 e2 476 0 0 52 I t 112 95s 1 22 209 306 1737 TO 0 166 48 68 460 I 2X 87 197 0 399 0 157 0 7 137 0 4b 42 887 28 230 16 2 15 29 11 39 262 3 39 406 61 2 a o 21 62 1 09 IC 1 177 29 444 17 31 0 I 42 74 410 1202 377 211 79 87 0 219 0 0 90 28 149 s0 I i 0 76 0 43 TO 10 0 0 0 Q 0 11 1 446 a S 0 18iO 9 10 a Uo o 0 0 O o 0 0 0 0 0e -I 16 1 22I I i I I ilI I d gecar, i goner aD. - - - - I I I 7 99 1?71 26 J I I I 62 i 11 40 40 I - I 1 L I I I... I I I I AL - -- I 1 L I I L L - [ I I - -- t - [I~111 L i J I I I L I 1. L ii -.. I I11 iI 63 '*pB. Or Totela include third generation (EBRP) jeos (Mn aWd Wmnen) TABLE VI Series 1-91 MEN (For a discussion of the method of reading these tables and of their further utilization, see Introductory Note, page 87.) TABLE VI, SERIES 1-91 (Heavy type in caption indicates generation of MAN) NATIONALITY GENERATION lst Gen. 1st Gen. 2d Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP)- (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1stGen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _____,__FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ Armenia............ Armenia............ Armenia........... Armenia............ Armenia........... Armenia..............Armenia........... Armenia........... Armenia........... Armenia..................... Austria (Pol.)................ Canada (Engl.)............... England................. Germany.................... Hungary (S.)................ Ireland..................... Russia (Pol.)................. Sweden..................... 74 2 * --- —— i........i - 2 1 1-ARMENIA 1......... 1.......... 3........ i 2 '...................................................................i 1...................... 75 2 1 1 4 1 4 2 1 li~ t-I 10 til tell C) S3 "9 Totals...................................... 83....................................... 91 2-AUSTRIA (BOH.) Austria (Bo.)....Austria (Boh.)............... 421 30 34.................. 73........ 1......... - 558 Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Jew)..............................2.......... 2 Austria (Boh.)..... England................................ 1.............................1 Austria (Boh.)...... France..................... 2...................................... 2 Austria (Boh.)...... Germany................... 12 7 1................. 7.................... 27 Austria (Boh.)...... Germany (North)............ 3............................................3 Austria (Boh.)...... Germany (South)........................................................ 3 Austria (Bo.)..... Hungary (.)................ 21........................ 1........................... 22 Austria (Boh.)...... Ireland...................... 3.......................................... 2 10 Austria (Boh.) Italy....................................................... 2 Austria (Boh.)....... Russia (Jew)........................ 1.............................. 1 Austria (Boh.)...... Scotland............................................1............. 1 Austria (Boh.)..... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 2 1........................................... 3 Totals............................466 39 40............. 0.......... 635 Un I NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. Isten. 2nd Gen. lt Gen. Sd Gen. 2nd Gen.2nd Gen. 3d Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2ndGen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 3-AUSTRIA (GERM.) Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Germ.).............. 189 5........................... 5........................... 19 Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Boh.)................................................................ 6...... Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Ital.)............... 2.............................................................. 2 Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Jew)............................................................................ Austria (Germ.)..... Belgium........................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.).... Austria (Pol.)..................................................... 1............................ 7 Austria (Germ.).... Canada (Engl.).......................... 2...................... 4 Austria (Germ.)..... Canada (French)........................................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)...... Denmark............. I......................................................... 3 Austria (Germ.)..... England..................... 4 4 1.................. 2....1..................... 11 Austria (Germ.)..... France................... 2 1........................ Austria (Germ.).... German.................... 34 24 4.............1..........................78 Austria (Germ.)..... Germany (North)............. 5 1..................................................... 7 Austria (Germ.)..... Germany (South)............ 35 1...................... 1.......................... 37 Austria (Germ.)................................................................................. Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Germ.)............. 14........................................................................ 14 Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Hung.).............................. 1............................................ Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Jew)............... 15...................................................................... 15 Austria (Germ.)....Hungary (.).....12.......... 1......1...........................................12 Austria (Germ.)..... Ireland.............1....... 16 3........................ 10....................... 29 Austria (Germ.)..... Italy........................................................................................... Austria (Germ.)..... Italy (North).............. 1................................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.) em urg..... 1............................................. Austria (Germ.)........ Nrway........................................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.)..... Scotland........................................................................................ Austria (Germ.)..... Sweden................... 1.......................................................... 3 Austria (Germ.)..... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 8....................................................................... 8 Austria (Germ.)..... Russia (Jew)...........................2................................... 2 Totals............................... 1............................................. to 9 19 ()I tZ,' c> tz) 04 0 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. Io (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ______I_________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) ____ 4-AUSTRIA (ITAL.) Austria (Ital.)....... Austria (Ital.)................ 11 1............................................................... 12 9 Austria (Ital.)....... Austria (Germ.).............. 2....................................2....................................2 Austria (Ital.)....... Germ any............................. 1...............................................................1 Austria (Ital.)....... Germ any (Jew).............. 2.........................................................................2 Austria (Ital.)....... Hungary (Jew)............... 1....................................1.................................... I A ustria (Ital.)....... Ireland...................... 1........................................................................1 Austria (Ital.)....... Italy........................ 2........................................................................2 Austria (Ital.)....... Italy (N orth)............... 1..................1......................................................1 Austria (Ital.)....... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 1........................................................................ 1 T otals..................................... 21 2................... 23 5-AUSTRIA (POL.) Austria (Pol.)....... Austria (Pol.)................ 2121 26 31.................. 68........................... 2246 Z Austria (Pol.)....... Austria (Boh.)............... 15 2.............. 1........................... 18 tI Austria (Pol.)....... Austria (Germ.).............. 2......................................................2..................2 Austria (Pol.)....... England..................... 2 1..................3.............................................3 Austria (Pol.)....... Fran e................................................................... I........................... Austria (Pol.)....... Germ any.................... 13 9........................... 6........................... 28 0 Austria (Pol.)....... Germany (North)............ 1...............................................................1......... I Austria (Polj....... Germany (South)............. 8......................................................8..................8 Austria (Pol.)....... Hungary (Germ.)............. 1......................................................1.................. I Austria (Pol.)....... Hungary (Hung.)............. 1........................................................................1 I Austria (Pol.)....... Hungary (Sl.)................ 99 1 2....................................................102 9 Austria (Pol)....... Ireland...................... 10 4 2.................. 4........................... 20 A ustria (Pol.)....... Italy..................................................................... 1...........................I Austria (Pol.)....... Norway............................. 1......................................................1 Austria (Pol.)....... Russia (Pol.)................. 33 1 1...................................................... 35 Austria (Pol.)....... Scotland.................... 2 2........................... 1.........5..................5 Austria (Pol.)....... Sweden..................... 1........................................................................1 0 Austria (Pol.)....... Switzerland (Germ.)................... 1..................1............................................. I Totals..................................... 2309 47 37...................... 82........................... 2475 4 C 5 NATIONALITY GENERATION Isst Gen. 1st Ge. 2nd Ge t Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 6-BELGIUM Belgium.......... Belgium....................................................... 44 Belgium............ Austria (Pol.).................................. 1 Belgium............ Canada (Engl.)........................................................ 1 Belgium............Denmark.....................................................1.................. 1 Belgium E.............land................................................. 3 Belgium........... France...................... 19 Belgium........... Germany........... 11 6..................5........................... 22 Belgium............Holland............ 3....................................................... 3 Belgium............ Hungary (Sl.)............................................l.. 2 Belgium........... Ireland...................... 6 2 1.................. 1......................... 10 Belgium............ Italy............................................1........................ 2 Belgium............ Luxemburg1...................................................................... Begium............ Switzerland (Germ.)................... 1........................... Belgium............ Switzerland (French)................. 1 Belgium.......... Porto Rico (Span.)........... 1................................................. Belgium........... Russia (Jew).......................... 1......... Totals.............................9................................. 113 7-BRITISH WEST INDIES (COL) B. W. I. (Col.).....British West Ind. (Col.)...... 672 15 1................................. 688 B. W. I. (Col.).... Cuba (Col.)....................................................................................... B. W. I. (Col)...... Germany (South)................. 1 B. W. I. (Col.)...... Hungary (S1.)........................... 2................................ 2 B. W. I. (Col.)...... Ireland............................................................... 1 B. W. I. (Col.)...... Norway......................................................................................... B. W. I. (Col.).... Porto Rico (Col.)............. 2......................................2....... 2 B. W. I. (Col.)...... Switzerland (Germ.).................................................................................. B. W. I. (Col........United States (Col.).................................... 219.................. 8................. 227 Totals.................................... 682 15 1 2191........ 81........... 925 to Ccn CA 9 9 C-, "I1 ~hl ttl I'1 H <2 0 MP NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Ge. 2nd Gen. 3 Gn. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2ndGen. 1st Gen 3rd Gen. let Ge. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 8-BRITISH WEST INDIES (ENGL.) B. W. I. (Eng.)..... British West Indies (Engl.)............. 46...............................................................46 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Austria (Germ.).............. 1.............. 1.................................... B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Belgium.............................. 1................................... 1 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... British W est Indies (Col.)..... 2............................................................ 2 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)....................... 2............................................................... B. W. I. (Engl. )..... England.................... 5 2................................... 7 B.W.I. (Engl.)...... Ge andy..................... 4 B. W. I. (Engl.).... Germany (South)...................................................................... 1 B. W. I. (Eng)..... Hungary (Jew)........................................................................... 1 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Ireland..................... 2........................................................18 B.W.I. (EngL)..... Italy...................... 1.......................................... B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Scotland.......... Scotland....................................................... 2 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Sweden..................... 2............................................................. 2 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... United States (Jew)............................ 1............................ 1 Totals................................... 72......... 1...................................... 9 9 —CANADA (COL.) til It: hh, a0 h0 q) Cc) Canada (Col.)....... British West Indies (Col.) I.................................................... Canada (Col.)....... Cuba (Col.)..................................................................... Canada (Col.)....... od1. Canada (Col.)....... Scotland.......................................................................... Canada (Col.)....... United States (Col.)..................................... 7.................. 2.................. I - -- I - - - - - - - -. 1 1 1 9 Tot al s.............................. 21......... 1...............2..........................12 a l.. - _-. _ I NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen.3rd Gen Gen. d G d Gen. Ger. d Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FB]KP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl................ Austria (Pol.)............... B. W. I. (Eng.).............. Belgium..................... Canada (French)............. Cuba....................... Denmark.................... England..................... France...................... Germany.................... Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............. Holland..................... Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (Sl.)................ Ireland...................... Italy........................ Hungary (Jew)............... Norway..................... Portugal.................... Russia (Jew)................. Russia (Pol.)................. Scotland.................... Sweden..................... Switzerland (French)......... Switserland (Germ.).......... United States (Col.).......... W ales....................... 48 1 2 6 10-CANADA (ENGL.) 12 6......... 2 1.................. 1....................... I....... 22 3 4 1 6 6.........::::... 22 1 1....:: 11 1111 5 1 I 1 I 12 23 3 1 4 3 1 2 54........I 1 10 2...................................... 26......... 13.................. 1.................. 71 4 2 1 7 1 1 46 3 50 1 1 1 3 2 111 4 1 1 1 2 1 22 6 1 4 3 1 c,~ C01 Ili a1 h, tN.................. 6............................................. 2 * --- —-- i........................... 2......... Totals............................ 1 3.........I..73.............. 362 -_____________________________.,i.....___ NATIONALITY GENERATION ist Gen. lt Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Ge. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBPP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with I th with I TOTAIS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. lest Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Ge. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _(FBIP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (PBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 11-CANADA (FR.) Canada (French).... Canada (French............. 14 3 2.. 1......... 20 Canada (French).... Austria (Bgh.)............... 1........................................................ 1 Canada (French).... Austria (Pol.)....................................................................... 1 Canada (French).... England..................... 2 1 1.................................. 4 Canada (French).... England (Jew)....................... 1............................................................... Canada (French).... France...................... 2.................................. 1........................... 3 Canada (French).... Germany.................... 2 2 3.................. 2........................... 9 Canada (French).... Germany (North)....... 2........................................................... 3 Canada (French).... Germany (South)... 1............................... 1 Canada (French.... Ireland......................7 6 4................... 41 Canada (French).... Italy............................. 1........................... Canada (French).... Italy (South)................ 2 Canada (French).... Scotland............ 1................ 2........................... 3 Canada (French).... Sweden....................................................... I........................... 1 Canada (French).... Syria.1.................. Totals....................................... 34 14 12......... 32....................... 92 12-CHINA China.............. China 1....................... 1........................... 8 China.............. Canada (Engl.).............. 1........................................................................ 1 China........1 China.............. France...................... 1........................................................................ 1 China.............. Germany (North)........... 2............................................................... 2 China.............. Germany (Jew)............................................................................... 1 China.............. Ireland...................... 1 China.............. Norway............................................................ 1 China.............. Russia (Jew)................................................................. 1 China.............. Scotland.............. 1........................... 1 China.. Sin............ Spain...................... 1 Totals..................................... 3........ 18 T~t88~ ~~~.. ~I~~~,~,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,' 131 2.....~~~~.~.., 44 I1: p 1114 C)c.1 c, LLe 00 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP)j (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 13-CUBA (COL.) Cuba (Col.)......... Cuba (Col.).................. 2........................................................................ 2 Cuba (Col.)........D. W. I. (Col.)................ 1........................................................................I 1 Cuba (Col.)......... Italy (N orth)................ 1........................................................................ 1 Cuba (Col.)......... Porto Rico (Col.)............. 2........................................................................ 2 Cuba (Col.)......... United States (Col.)..................................... 19.................. 4.................. 23 Totals............................................ 19.................. 4......... 29 14-CUBA (SPAN.) Cuba (Span.)...... Cuba (Span.).................... 12...................................................... 13 Cuba (Span.)...... Belgium..................... 1........................ 1.................................. 1 Cuba (Span.)...... Canada (EngL).............. 2........................................................................ 2 Cuba (Span.)...... England................... 2........................................................................ 2 Cuba (Span.)....... Finland................... 2..................................................................... 2 Cuba (Span.)...... France...................... 1 1 1..................................................... 3 Cuba (Span.)...... Germany................... 1 4.................. 8........................... 8 Cuba (Span.)...... Germany (South)............. 1...............1.................................................. 1 Cuba (Span.)...... Holland..................... 1 1................................... 2 Cuba (Span.)...... Ireland............................... 3 1.................. 2........................ 6 Cuba (Span.)...... Italy........... 2......................................................................... 2 Cuba (Span.)...... Italy (South)................ 1....................................................................... 1 Cuba (Span.)...... Porto Rico (Span)........... 2.............2.............................................. 2 Cuba (Span.)....... Scotland..................................1......12.........2....................... 2 Cuba (Span.)...... Spain................... 6........................................................................ 6 Cuba (Span.)...... Venezuela (Span.)............ 1........................................................................ 1 Totals..............................35......... 8......... GI........................... 54 tl On 'IO C-, 2 3 pa 'I 5 t-S 0 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. let Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 15-DENMARK Denmark.......... Denmark.................... 143 2................. 3........................... 148 Denmark........... Austria (Boh.) 3...................................................... 3 Denmark.......... Austria (Germ.).............. 2.......................................................... 4 Denmark... Autria (Pol.)......... 7 1.................................................... 8 Denmarklgium...................................................................1 Denmark.......... Canada (Engl.) 2..................3................................ 3 Denmark... England.................... 4 3.................................. 16 Denmark........... inland....................5 Denmark....... France................................................................ 2 Denmark........... Germany................................. 9................. 27 Denmark........... Germany (North)......................................... 4 Denmark.......... Germany (South).............................................................................. 4 Denmark.......... Hungay (Souh)..................................................................... Denm ark........... Ireland...................... 22 2 4.................. 7........................... 35 Denmark... Hungary (Jew)....................................................................................1 Denmark........... Norway..................... 16 1 2........................................ 20 Denmark. Russia (Jew...Ra............................................................................... Denmark........... (Pol.)................................................................................... 1 Denmark...........Scotland...........2 1........ 1.... 1........................... 4 Denmark......... Sweden...............20.................................. 20 Denmark........... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 4.... 1......................................... Denmark.......... United States (Col.)................................ 2......... 4 Denmark.......... Wales,......................................................... 2 Totals.................................... 258 16 17 2......... 25 2.........320!. _. '3 z til 3q "3 16-DANISH WEST INI D. W. I. (Col.)...... Danish West Indies (Col.)..... 54.................. D. W. I. (Col.)...... British West Indies (Col.)..... 2.................. D. W. I. (Col.)...... United States (Col.)..................................... )IES (COL.)............. I..................................... 55.................,...... 18............. o............................ 18 \ 1.18 C I * ' I Totals.........!....... 5sl........ 6 I...... 181........ 31..................I........1 77 NATIONALITY I GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. Ist Gen. 3rd Gen. ndGen. 2nd Ge.. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _______(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 17-ENGLAND to I-, k... England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England............ England........... Engla-:d.... England............ England............ England............ England............ England........... England............ England........... England............ England......... England............ England............ England............ England............ England..................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Jew)................ Austria (Pol.)................ Belgium..................... British West Indies (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.).............. Canada (French)............. Cuba (Span,)................ Denmark.................... Danish West Indies (Col.)..... England (Jew)............... Finland..................... France...................... Germany................... Germany (Jew).............. Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............ Greeoe...................... Holland..................... Hungary (Germ.)............ Hungary (Hung.)............ Hungary (Jew)............... Hungary (SI.)................ Ireland...................... Italy........................ Italy (North)................ Italy South)................. Norway..................... Rumania (Jew).............. Russia (Jew)................. 549 1 2 2 6 3 7 39 2......... 8 7 35 6E......... 35 2 5.................. 6 2 1 34 4 1......... 2.................. 5 6................ 92 13............... 3........................... 56 3 1 2................ 3.........I 1 7 101 1 8 2 2 110 1..............,.................................. 674 8 11 3 10 4 7 63 4 3 14 1 1 8 53 274 4 20 19 1 3 2 3 7 9 552 16 2 1 16 2 5 9...... 13 2 4 1.................. 3 5 284 1 9 1 4......... 3 100 7 1 2 I..................:1: 1 2 58 1........i I._...................... i...... I........ I - - - - - - - - - - - NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 17-ENGLAND-Continued England............ R ussia (Pol.)................. 3....................................................................... 3 England............ Scotland.................... 66 16 2.................. 15........................... 99 E ngland............ Spain....................... 3....................................................................... 3 England............ Sweden..................... 47 3 5..............7............................... 62 England............ Switzerland (Germ.).......... 7 1 1.................. 6.......................... 15 England........... W ales....................... 3 1 1.................. 2.......................... 7 Totals..................................... 1201 289 150.................. 349.......................... 1989 18-FINLAND Finland............ Finland..................... 350 1 1...................................................... 352 Finland............ Austria (G erm.).............. 1........................................................................ 1 Finland............ D enm ark................... 2........................................................................ 2 Finland............ E ngland..................... 1........................................................................ 1 Finland............ Germany (North)............ 2.................................... 2...........................4 Finland............ G erm any (South)............................... 1...................................................... 1 Finland............ H olland..................... 1........................................................................1 Finland............ H ungary (Jew )............... 1........................................................................1 Finland............ H ungary....................................................................................... 1 Finland.. Ireland...................4 1............................................................... 5 Finland............ Norway................... 1....................................................................... 1 Finland............ Scotland............................. 1...............................................................1 Finland............ Sweden..................... 10 1............................................................... 11 Finland............ Switzerland (G erm.)................... 1............................................................... 1 T otals......................................... 375 4 2......... 2............................... 383 MI 0!tl ~0 ~0~ tq) France.............France...................... France.............Austria (Boh.)............... France............. Austria (Germ.).............. France.............Austria (Pol.)................ France.............Belgium..................... 19-FRANCE 331 21 9................... 6........................... 1 1............................................................... 3......... 2...................................................... 1 2................................... 171......... 1.................... 21.......................... 367 2 5 4 20 NATIONALITY GENERATION 18t Gen. Ist Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 19-FRANCE-Continued t.) France............. France........... France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............ France............. France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............ France............. France............. France............. France............. Totals......... British West Indies (Engl.).... Canada (Eng.).............. Canada (French)............. Chile....................... Cuba (Span.)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France (Jew)................ Germany.................... Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............. Holland..................... Hungary (Jew)............... Hungary (S.)................ Ireland...................... Italy........................ Luxemburg.................. Russia (Jew)................ Scotland.................... Spain...................... Sweden..................... Switzerland (French)......... Switzerland (Germ.)......... Venezuela (Span.)............ United States (Jew)......... -.-.....-..-..-..-..-..-..-....-..-..-. - 1......... 5 1............................................................................................................. 4...............4............................................................................................................................................ I......1.............................. 1....................................................... 1I-_:::_l..! 10 4.........1:I::::::.::.I:.::::........... 1 19 1 12 1 1 1 23 13 1 5 6 3 6 20 13 1...............13 1 15 2......... 6 4 2........* 2 2......... 21 2 i......... if 1 4 5 1 1 1 24 4 1 67 1 16 1 3 1 78 16 1 8 12 3 7 21 14 1 1 1-3 cbr 11 t2i 11-1 RC........... I......... 1.liiii...................... ",''.1........................... 01 6 — 4 I 1-. I 6001 611 49 11......... - 9 691 H M -------------------— ~ ---~ — NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3 G 3r d Gen. n. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ________ ___(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 20-GERMANY Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany.......... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany.......... Germany.......... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany........... Germany.................... Argentine................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Jew)................ Austria (Pol.)................ Belgium..................... British West Indies (Engl.).... Canada (Engl.).............. Canada (French)............. Cuba (Span.)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France...................... Germany (Jew).............. Holland.................... Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (Hung.)............. Hungary (Jew)............... Hungary (81.)................ Ireland...................... Italy (North)................ Italy........................ Italy (South)................ Norway..................... Porto Rico (Span.)........... Portugal.................... Russia (Jew)................. Russia (Pol.)................. Scotland.................... Spain....................... 1902 26 98 6 2 2 9 35 5 37 1 55 4 5 75 77 1 10 1 7 1 2 6 10 1 699......... 3 1 6 1 3 2 2 20 7 1 1 2 2 42 6......... 2 4 3......... 278 1 7 19 3 13 2 1 9 2 1 3 47 3 12 5 2 10 147 4 9 1642......30 32 6 23 1 1 32 4 1 11 119 1 34 5 4 1 2 481......... 1......... 2 35 1 2 4521 1 69 152 16 71 8 3 53 10 4 25 221 9 90 2 7 66 5 7 89 747 5 53 2 22 1 I 1 20 11 70 4 IC. trl 11-3 til ~U ~rd....::..:::::::..:::.... 1 6 3 22 1 NATIONALITY st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Ge. 2ndGen. G 1stGen. 3rd Gen t I en. 2ndGen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _____(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 20-GERMANY-Continued Germany....... Sweden..................... 31 5 23................. 32.................. 91 Germany..........Switzerland (Germ.).......... -26 8 14................ 25........................... 73 Germany.......... Venezuela (Span.)............. 2........................................................... 2 Germany...........Wales........................................................................ 8 Germany.......... United States (Jew)................................................................ 4 4................. 4 Totals.............................. 2480 826 657...........257 4............. 6543 h) 0\\ f —, 1-3:4 1 -tt4 Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)..... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)...... Germany (N.)............... Austria (Boh.).............. Austria (Pol.)................ Australia (Engl.)............. Canada (Engl.).............. Canada (French)............. Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France...................... Germany (S.)................ Holland..................... Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (Hung.)............ Hungary (Jew)............... Hungary (Sl.)................ Ireland.................... Italy....................... Italy (North)................ Norway.................... Russia (Pol.)................ Scotland................... Sweden..................... 20( 24 13 1 21-GERMANY (f 3 2 3......... 1 1.................. I........ 1.................. 1 8......... 1......... 1 4.................... ORTH)..................................................I.......................................................... 5. 1 1......... 1 91 2 13 2 2 1C 24 2 2 4 2 9 219 27 15 1 9 2 4 21 3 1 96 2 13 2 2 16 38 3 3 4 5 3 9.....i.........I 13 1 1......... 1.......... i...........6 NATIONALITY GENERATION st Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3d Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1stGen. Gen. 1st Gen. 2dt Gerd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 21-GERMANY (NORTH)-Continred Germany (N.)...... Switzerland (Germ.)... 4.........................................12 Germany (N.)...Veneuela (Span.)...................... 1 Totals......... 4 41 10..................................................511 22 —GERMANY (SOUTH) Germany (S.)....... Germany (S.)................ 278 6 2.................. 5.......................... 291 1 Germany (S.)....... Austria (Boh.)............... 14 3........................... 2...........................19 Germany (S.)....... Austria (Germ.).............. 64 3 2.................. 1........................... 70 Germany (S.)....... Austria (Jew)..........3... 3......................................................................... t3 Germany (S.)....... Austria (Pol.)................ 34......... 1.................................................... 35 Germany (S.)....... British West Indies (Engl.).... 2.................................................................... 2 Germany (S.)....... Canada (Engl.).............. 2....................................................................2.... Germany (S.)...... Canada (French)............. 2..................................................................... 2 Germany (S.)....... Denmark.................... 2........2.............................................. 2 Germany (S.)..... England.................... 17 3........................... 3........................... 23 Germany (S.)....... Finland....................... 3................................................... 3 Germany (S.)....... France...................... 1 12..........1.................................................... 13 Germany (S.)....... Germany (North).......... 77 2 1.................. 2........................... 82 G ermany (S.)....... Holland.................... 2........................................................................ 2 Germany (S.)....... Hungary (Germ.)............ 37....................3...................................... 37, Germany (S.)...... Hungary (Hung.)............ 1.................................................................... 1 Germany (B.)....... H ungary (81.)................ 28........................................................................ 28 Germany (S.)....... Ireland..................... 29 26 1...................................................... 56 Germany (S.)....... Norway..................... 2 1.........3.............................................. 3 Germany (S.)....... Russia (Pol.)................. 7..................................................................... 7 Germany (S.)....... Scotland.4.........4........... 4.........4 Germany (S.)....... Spain.....................................................................1 Germany (S.)....... Sweden.................... 10......... 1I......... 1....................................... 11 Germany (S.)....... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 25 1 1............................................. 28 Germany (S.)....... Turkey........................................................................ I Totals.................................... 57........ 14........................... 726 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1 let Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen.! (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _____________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)___ 23-GREECE Greece............. Greece...................... 218........................................................................ 218 Greece............. Austria (Boh.)............... 1........................................................................ 1 Greece............. Austria (Germ.).............. 1............................................................... 2 ^ Greece............. Austria (Jew)................ 1........................................................................ 1 Greece............. Austria (Pol.)................ 6........................................................................8 Greece............. Canada (Engl.)....................... 1..........................................................1.... Greece.Canada (French).. 1............................................................... 1 ^ Greece............. D enm ark.................... 1...................................................................... 1 Greece............. England..................... 5 1...............................................................6 G reece............. France...................... 5...................................................................... 5 Greece............. Germ any.................... 4 4..................1......... I............................ 9 t Greece............. Germ any (North)............ 4....................................................................... 4 Greece............. Germany (South)............. 2 4..................................................6.....6 G reece............. H olland..................... 1........................................................................ 1 ' Greece............. Hungary (Germ.)............. 1........................................................................ 1 Greece............. Hungary (H ung.)............. 1........................................................................1 Greece............. Hungary (Jew)............... 2........................................................................ 2 t Greece............. Hungary (S1.)................ 10........................................................................ 10 10 Greece............. Ireland...................... 23 5...............................................................28 G reece............. Italy........................ 8 4..............................................................12 Greece............. Italy (North)................ 1........................................................................1 Greece............. Italy (South)................ 3......................................................................... 3 G reece............. N orway..................... 1........................................................................1 Greece............. Russia (Jew)........................... 1............................................................... 1 Greece............. Russia (Pol.)................. 3........................................................................3 G reece............. Scotland................... 2........................................................................2 G reece.............Sweden..................... 5...................................................................... 5 Greece............. Turkey (Jew)................ 1........................................................................1 G reece............. W ales................................ 1...............................................................1 Totals..................................... 310 23...................1........................... 334 NATIONALITY GENERATION lst Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. lst Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 24-HOLLAND Holland............ Holland........5 41........................55 Holland............ Austria (Boh.)........................................................ 2 Holland........... Austria (Pol.).................................................................................... Holland............ Belgium.......................................................... 3 Holland............ Canada (Engl.)................................ 1......... 1........................... 2 Holland............ Canada (French)................ 1 'Holland............ Cuba (Span.).......................... 1 Holland.......... Denmark.......................................................... 1 Holland............ England..................... 1 7 2.................. 3........................... 13 Holland............ France...................... 12........................... 1........................... 13 Holland............ Germany............ 19 8....................................... 32 Holland............ Germany (North)...............................1..... Holland............ Germany (South)............ 1.4.......................... 4.................... 6 Holland............ Greece...................... 1............................................................... Holland............ Hungary (Jew)......................................3 Holland............ Hungary (SI.)................ 2...................... 2...... Holland............ Iretalynd.......... 10 1....................... 15 H olland............ Italy............................... 1............................................................... 1 Holland............ Luxemburg................................................................ 1 H olland............ Russia (Pol.)............1........................................................ 1 Holland............ Scotland...........1................. 3 Holland............ Sweden.............. 6......... 1.............................7........... 7 Holland............ Switerland (Germ.).......................... 1........................... 3 Totals..................................... 116 27 8.................. 18.... 169 25-HUNGARY (GERM.) rU ~z 4" tri 0 ~U p. 9 114 11 - Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (Germ.)............. 397 1 2.........1......... 1.......................... Hungary (Germ.).... Austria (Boh.............2...................................................................... Hungary (Germ.).... Austria (Germ.)....................... Hungary (Germ.).... Austria (Pol.)........................................................................ 401 2 17 2 4 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st G en. 2nd Gen.t G rd G. 2nd G d G 3rd G en. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with ToTALs 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 25-HUNGARY (GERM.)-Continued Hungary (Germ.).... Belgium.................... 1....................................................1......... Hungary (Germ.).... Finland.................... 2.............................................................. Hungary (Germ.).... Frane.......................................................... 1 Hungary (Germ.).... Germany................... 10 5..................................................15 Hungary (Germ.).... Germany (North)........... 5............................................................... Hungary (Germ.).... Germany (South)............ 9.............................................................. 9 Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (Hung.).;........... 17....................................................17 Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (S.)............... 11........................................................................ 11 Hungary (Germ.).... Ireland..................... 2........................................ 5 Hungary (Germ.).... Scotland............................... 2........................................... 2 Hungary (G erm.).... Sweden.................... 2.............................................................. 2 Hungary (Germ.).... Switzerland (Germ.) 1.............................................................................. 1 Hungary (Germ.).... Switzerland (Ital.)....................l............... 1 Hungary (Hung.).... Austria (Germ.)................................... 1 Hungary (Hung.)........Canada (Engl.) 1.....................................................................1 Hungary (Hung.).... England........................................ 2 Hungary (Hung.).... Germany (South)..... I................................ Hungary (Hung.).... Hungary (Germ.)................................................. 6.. Hungary (Hung.).... Hungary (Sl.)................ 2................................................2 Totals................................ 348 2........................................... 350 a C-, >4 '-i I-, 2 n t" M %4 Hungary (S.......Hungary (S.)................ Hungary (SL)......Austria (Boh.)............... Hungary (SI.)....... Austria (Germ.).............. 27-HUNGARY (SL) 1522 8 9.................. 6.................... 154 13 2.....................................................15 3........................................................................ 3 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd GeGen. sten. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ___(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 27-HUNGARY (SL.)-Continued Hungary (SI.)....... Austria (Jew)................. 1....................................................................... 1 Hungary (81.)....... Austria (Pol.)................ 23 2 1...................................... 26 Hungary (S1.)....... France..................... 2 1.................................................... 3 Hungary (Sl.)....... Germany................... 9 2................................ 12 Hungary (S1.)....... Germany (North)................................................... 1 Hungary (S1.)....... Hungary (Germ.)............. 5......................................... Hungary (SI.)....... Hungary (Hung.)........................................................ Hungary (81.)....... Ireland.............................................. 4 Hungary (S.)....... Italy (South)............................................ Hungary (Sl.)....... Rusia (Pol.).............................................................. Hungary (S1.)....... Switzerland (Germ.).......... I....................................................................... 1 Totals..................................... 1587 17 12................. 8................. 1624 - 00 Il 0 9 1%1 28-IRELAND Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............ Ireland............ Ireland............ Ireland............. Ireland............ Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............ Ireland............ Ireland............ Ireland........... Ireland............ Ireland............. [reland...................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Jew)............... Austria (Pol.).......... Belgium..................... Canada (EngL)............. Canada (French)............ Cuba (Span.)................ Denmark................... England..................... Finland..................... France..................... Germany.................... Germany (Jew)............. Germany (North)............ 4455 3 1 2 5 1 16 2 84 3 25 13 412 49 3......... 8 78 1........ 784................. 3.................. 4.................. 2 12 1 11 4 2 2 64 7 6 38 2 71 1620 9 5 9 3 28 6 3 4 114 26 437 6 7271 64 8 9 26 5 63 11 6 9 292 10 50 578 9 20 4 NATIONALITY GENERATION Ist Gen. lst Gen. 2nd Gen. lt Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Ge. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS st Gen, 2nd Gen. 1t Gen. 3rdGen. lt Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 28-IRELAND-Continued Ireland............. Germany (South)............. 14......... 8....................................................22 Ireland............. Holland..................... 2......... 2.................. 4................................ 8 Ireland............. Hungary (Germ.)............. 2 1 1................................................... 4 Ireland............. Hungary (Hung.)............. 1............................................. 6 Ireland............ Hungary (Jew)............... 1 1.................................................... 2 Ireland............. Hungary (Sl.)................ 8......... 2.................. 2.........12 Ireland............. Italy...................... 5 15 6................. 24......................... 50 Ireland............ Italy (North)................ 1......... 1....................................... 2 Ireland.........'... Italy (South)................ 1......... 4.....................................................5 Ireland............ Norway..................... 9......... 5................. 8..22 Ireland............ Portugal........................................................ 1 Ireland............. Russia (Jew).............................................. 8.............. 8 Ireland............ Russia (Pol.)................................................ 7 Ireland............. Scotland................ 55 19 33................. 33.......................... 140 Ireland........... Spain....................... 1 2............................... 4 Ireland.............weden............ 20 5 13............................................. 47 Ireland............. Switzerland (French).......................................................................... Ireland............ Switzerland (Germ.)...... 3 2 3........................ 17.......................... 25 Ireland............. Venezuela (Span.)................. 1................................... 1 Ireland............ W ales....................... 3 1 4.................. 4........................12 Ireland............ United States (Jew).......................................................................... 2 Totals..................................... 4749 636 1035............ 2390 2......... 8812 Co 11 -t"I thr Il IV Italy.............. Italy. Italy.............. Austria (Boh.)............... Italy.............. Austria (Germ.).............. Italy............... Austria (Jew).............. Italy............... Austria (Pol.)................ Italy.............. Belgium..................... 29-ITALY 5317 650 107.................. 167....................... 3 2 1.................. 2........................... 8 5 1.................7........................... 10 5...................... 2. 1.........1............ 6241 8 21 8 17 2 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 29-ITALY-Continued Italy............... Canada (Engl.).............. 3................................... 2........................... 5 Italy............... Canada (French)......................... 1........................... 1........................... 2 Italy............... Cuba (Span.)........................................................................................ 1 Italy............... D enm ark.................... 1 1 1...................................................... 3 Italy................ England..................... 15 8 5....8........................... 36 Italy............... England (Jew)....... 1............................................ 1........................... 2 Italy............... F inland............................................................................................. 1 Italy............... France...................... 11 6 2........................................ 25 Italy............... Germany.................... 31 43 7................. 45...................... 126 Italy................ Germ any (Jew).............. 5 1........................... 2.......................... 8 Italy............... Germany (South)............. 11 7 1............. 3.......................... 22 Italy Greece....................... 1....................................................................... 1 Italy............... Holland..................... 2.......................... 4.......................... 8 Italy............... H ungary (G erm.)............. 3........................................................................ 3 Italy............... H ungary (H ung.)............. 2........................................................................ 2 Italy Hungary (Jew)............... 9...... 4............................................................. 13 Italy............... H ungary (Sl.)................ 18 1 5.................. 1........................... 25 Italy............... Ireland...................... 35 20 12.................. 24.......................... 91 Italy............... Luxem burg.................. 1........................................................................ 1 Italy............... N orw ay..................... 3 1 1..................................................... 5 Italy............... Rumania (Jew)......................... 1........................... 1.......................... 2 Italy............... Russia (Jew)................. 18 4 7............. 8.......................... 37 Italy.............. Russia (Pol.)................. 8 1 1.................. 1.......................... 11 Italy............... Scotland.................... 1 7 1............. 5.......................... 14 Italy............... Spain....................... 1 2.............................................................. 3 Italy............... Sweden..................... 10......... 2.............................. 15 Italy............... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 2 1................................................................. 3 Italy............... Sw itzerland (Ital.)............ 11........................................................................ 11 Italy............... United States (Jew)........................................................ 4.................. 5 Totals..................................... 5547 768 163 1......... 295 4.................. 6778 tli 0 til 4: -4 f f V. NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 30 —ITALY (NORTH) Italy (N.).......... Italy (N.)................... 861 109............................................................. 970 Italy (N.)......... Austria (Germ.).............. 1........................................................................ 1 Italy (N.).......... Austria (Jew)............... 2................................................................. 2 Italy (N.).......... Austria (Ital.).......................................................................................... 1 Italy (N.)......... Austria (Pol.)................ 3 1............................................. 4 Italy (N.)........ Belgium..................... 1..................................................................... 1 Italy (N.).......... Canada (Engl.)..............1.................1....................................................... 1 Italy (N.).......... Cuba (Span.) 1................................................................................ 1 Italy (N.).......... England.................... 5 4...............................................................9 Italy (N.)......... Finland.............. 1..................................................................... Italy (N.).......... France..................... 14.................................................................. 14 Italy (N.)......... Germany.................... 1 8............................................................9 Italy (N.).......... Germany (North)............. 1....................................................................1 Italy (N.).......... Germany (South)............ 2........................ 1.......................... 3 Italy (N.).......... Hungary (SL.).....2..................................................................... 2 Italy (N.).......... Ireland...................... 3........................... 36........................... 44 Italy (N.).......... Italy (South)................ 58 5.............................................................63 Italy (N.).......... Russia (Jew)................. 3.......................................................... 4 Italy (N.).......... R ussia (Pol.)................. 1........................................................................ 1 Italy (N.)......... Spain................................................................................ 2 Italy (N.).........Sweden................... 2.....................................................................2 Italy (N.)......... Switzerland (Ital.)..............................................................................2 Italy (N.).......... United States (Jew)..................1.................. 1............................................. 1 Totals..................................... 970 130 1 1........1 39.....................1139 9 9 C-n at th. t,-4 ~ I NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1t Gen. nd Gn. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gdd Gd en. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) M N WO rN with with with with with with with with with TOTAw 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1t Gen. 3rdGen. let Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 31-ITALY (SOUTH) Italy (S.)........... Italy (S.)................... 3580 576........................... 4................. 3960 Italy (S.).......... Austria (Germ.)....................................................................... 2 Italy (S.).......... Austria (Jew)................ 6 2.............................................. 9 Italy (S.)........... Austria (Pol.)......... 6.........15.................................... 21 Italy (.)........... Belgium.......................................................... Italy (S.)........... Canada (Engl.)............. 2 1............................................ 3 Italy (S.)........... Canada (French)............................... 1 Italy (S.)........... England...................... 13 Italy (S.).......... France 6................................. 13 Italy (S.)........... England (Jew).....................................................1 Italy (S.)........... Germany.................... 11 30.......................... 3........................... 44 Italy (S.)........... Germany (North)............ 4.......4.............................................................. 4 Italy (S.)........... Germany (South)..................................................................... 2 Italy (S.)...........Germany (Jew).............. 2 1...................................................... 3 Italy (S.)........... Hungary (Hung.).......... 2...................... 2 Italy (S.)........... Hungary (Jew)......... 8............................................. 8 Italy (S.)........... Hungary (S.)................ 1............................................... 11 Italy (S.)........ Ireland............1......... 19 20....................................................41 Italy (S.)........... Italy (North)................ 185 2.................................................... 187 Italy (S.)........... Norway................... 3 1............................................ 4 Italy (S.)........... Russia (Jew)................. 10 6........................................................ 16 Italy (S.)........... Russia (Pol.)...............................................................4 Italy (S.)...........cotland............... 1.................................. Italy (S.)........... Spain........................... 5................................................ 5 'Italy (S.)........... Sweden...................1........................................................... 2 Italy (S.)........... Switzerland (French)......... 1...................................................................... 1 Italy (S.)........... Switzerland (Germ.)................... 1.................. Italy (S.)........... Switzerland (Ital.)................................................2 Italy (S.)........... Syria...................................................................... 1 Italy (S.)........... United States (Col.)............................ 1......... 1.................................. 1 Totals....................... 38....................10.............. 4364 11-::0 'I 0 lu ~ I 11 Q ~11 4, NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _____________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 32 JAPAN Japan.............. Japan............... 8........................................................................ 8 Japan.............. Canada (Engl.)....................... 1............................................................... 1 Japan.............. England.... 1........................................................................ 1 Japan.............. Finland.... 2........................................................................ 2 Japan.............. France................... 1.................................................................... 1 Japan............. Germany................................................................................. 1 Japan.............. Germ any (South)............. 2 1.............................................................. 3 Japan.............. Ireland......2........................................................................ 2 Japan............. M exico (Span.).............. 1........................................................................ 1 Japan.............. Norway................... 1........................................................................ 1 Japan.............. Scotland.................... 2 1.............................................................. 3 Japan.............. Spain....................... 1........................................................................ 1 Japan.............. Sweden....2........................................................................ 2 Japan.............. Switzerland (Germ.).......... 2....................................................................... 2 Totals..................................... 26 3.......................................................... 29 33 MEXICO (SPAN.) Mexico (Span.)...... Austria (Pol.)...................1 11........................... 1 M exico (Span.)...... Cuba (Span.)................ 2........................................................................ 2 Mexico (Span.)...... France...................... 2................................................................ 2 Mexico (Span.)...... Scotland 2............................................................... 2 Mexico (Span.)...... Mexico (Span.)...................2 1. -............................ 3 M exico (Span.)...... Germany.................... 1............................................................... 2 Mexico (Span.)...... Germany (North)................................................................. 1 M exico (Span.)...... Germ any (South)............. 1....................................................................... 1 Mexico (Span.)...... Ireland 2 2........................ 1........................... 5 M exico (Span.)...... Spain....................... 3........................................................................ 3 M exico (Span.)...... Sweden................... 1........................................................................ 1 M exico (Span.)...... Switzerland (Gem.)......................................................... 1 Totals..................................... 19 4 1......... 24 frd) =1 -'4~ NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd en. stGen. 3rd Gen. 2d Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1stGen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 34-NORWAY NrwNorway............N206 2 3................... 2.2................... 2.13 Norway............ Austria (BohG )................................................... Norway............ Austria (Germ).............................................. N orway.............. Austria (Pol).................................................................. 4 Norway............ Belgium.......................................................... Norway............ British W est Indies (Eng )........................................................ Norway............ Canada (Engl)...................................... 2 4 Norway............Denmark....................................................... Norway...........England...........7..1.1................... 19............ Norway............ Finland.................................................. 10 Norway.. France........Fr e........................... Norway..er ny..........G.....................7.............................. Norway......... Germany (North)................3................................ Norway.. Hungary (Jew)..................................................................................... Norway............ Hungary (Sl )...................................................................... 2 N orway............ Ireland......................................................... 18 Norway............ Italy......................................................................... Norway............ Italy (South).1................................................................................... 1 Norway............ Scotland. 2..............................2........................................ 2 N orway............ Sweden............................................. 29 Totals..................................... 288 18 9................. 15......................... 330 z 11-3 tZI 0 C' ti k-e 0 r"" to '11 -0\ 35-PORTO RICO (SPAN.) Porto Rico (Span).. Porto Rico (Span )........... 15 1...................................... Porto Rico (Span).. Austria (Boh)........................ 1.......................................... Porto Rico (Span).. Austria (Germ )................................... Porto Rico (Span).. Austria (Pol)........................................................................... Porto Rico (Span)... Belgium.............................. Porto Rico (Span).. Cuba (Col)............................................ Porto Rico (Span).. Cuba (Span)............................................. Porto Rico (Span).. Denmark........................................................................... 16 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 I -y NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 35-PORTO RICO (SPAN.) —Continued Porto Rico (Span).. England.............................. 1........................... 2.......................... 3 Porto Rico (Span)...Germany...... 2......................[........................................... 2 Porto Rico (Span ).. Ireland...................... 3 2................................................... 5 Porto Rico (Span).. Italy (South)........................................................................ 2 Porto Rico (Span).. Spain......................................................................1................. Porto Rico (Span).. Sweden.....................1............................................................. 1 Porto Rico (Span ).. Switzerland (Germ ).......... 1.................................................................... 1 Totals.................................... 32 7._...._.................................... 41 36-PORTUGAL Portugal......... Portugal.................... 2..................................................................... 2 Portugal........... Denmark..............1........................................................... 1 Portugal.......... England..........1...... 1......................................................... 1 Portugal.......... France........2...................... 2............ 2 Portugal........... Germany................................................................ 1..................... 1 Portugal........... Hungary (Jew)............... 1..................................................................... 1 Portugal........... Ireland...................... 3 2...........................5............. 5 Portugal........... Italy............................................................................................. 2 Portugal........... Norway..................... I............................................. 1 Portugal........... Sweden....................................... 1...................................................... 1 Totals...................................... 12 2 1.................. 2 1.......... 17 37-RUMANIA Rumania...... Rumania.................... 1 1........................................ 16 Rumania........... Austria (Germ).................................. 1 Rum ania........... Germ any.......................................................................................... 1 Rumania........... ungary (Sl)...................... 2 Rumania........... Ireland............,............................... 1 Totals............................ 191 2............................................................... 21 I,) NATIONALITY GENERATION st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 38 —RUSSIA (POL.) Russia (Pol)........ Russia (Pol)................. 750 4...................... 2........................ 756 Russia (Pol)........ Austria (Boh)....................................................................... 1 Russia (Pol)........ Austria (Germ).............. 2 1.............................................. 3 Russia (Pol)....... Austria (Jew).......................................................................... Russia (Pol)........ Austria (Pol).192 1................ 1................................... 194 Russia (Pol)........ Denmark.................... 1............................................. 1 Russia (Pol)....... Finland.................... 12......... I.................................. 13 Russia (Pol)........ Germany (Nofth............. 12 5............................................. 17 Russia (Pol)........ Hungary (Sl)................ 32 1............................................................. 33 Russia (Pol)........ Ireland.................... 8 4................ 1........................... 13 Russia (Pol)........ Norway.1.................... 1.................................... 1 Russia (Pol)........ Russia (Jew)............................. 1 Russia (Pol))...... Scotland............................................................................ Russia (Pol)....... Sweden3 1.............................................. 4 Russia (Pol)........ Switzerland (Germ ).......... 1........................................................................ 1 Totals............................1016 17 2..................................................... 1040 39-SERVIA Servia.............. Austria (Boh)............... 2........................................................................ 2 Servia.............. Austria (Polh).. 1.......................................... 1 Servia.............. ungary (Jew)............................................. 1 Servia............. H ungary ( ).................................................................................. 7 Servia. Ireland............... 17rl).......................... T ota ls............................................................................................ 12 Totals. 11...12 W 30 H\ tZI: 40-SCOTLAND Scotland........... Scotland.................... 280 14 10|.................. 9...................... Scotland........... Austria (Boh)............................................................ Scotland........... Austria (Germ).........2................................... Scotland........... Austria (Jew)................................................... 313 3 2 1 00 fr: GENERATION st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1t Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen.3rd Gen. 3rd Gen (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) with with with with with with with with with TOTALE lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) - 40-SCOTLAND-Continued Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland........... Scotland.......... Scotland.......... Scotland.......... Scotland.......... Scotland.......... Scotland........... Scotland.......... Scotland........... Austria (Pol)................ Belgium..................... Canada (Engl).............. Canada (French)............. Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France...................... Germany.................... Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............. Germany (Jew).......... Holland..................... Hungary (Jew)............... Hungary (S1)................ Ireland........:............. Italy........................ Italy (North)................ Italy (South)................ Norway..................... Russia (Pol.)................ Spain....................... Sweden..................... Switzerland (Germ).......... W ales....................... 12 59 1 4 8 3 1 1 115 1 1 3......... 24 1 3 1 2 11 3 27 1 1 2 37 1 2.................. 1.................. 1 5 11 2 2 '. ".. 2 49..... 2......... 2 1 21 2 2 94 1 9 86 2 6 1 2 3 1 216 2 1 1 4 1 1 28 11 5 9 9 9I C) 'I............................................. 4 2......... 14 fl......... 50 1......... 1 1 3 I I I --- —-I - I I -- I Totals.........Ii................ 5241 1121 44 1421.........I..........I.......... 822 M 10 ' T Totals.I. 5241 1121 44 1421. 822 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1t Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)___ 41-SPAIN Spain.............. Spain...................... 102 1............................ 1.......................... 104 Spain..............Algeria...................... 2....................................................................... 2 Spain.............. Austria (Germ)....................................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Austria (Pol )......................................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Belgium................... 2........................................................................... 2 Spain.............. Canada(Engl).............. 2..................................................................................... 2 Spain.............. Cuba (Span )................ 5........................................................................ 5 Spain.............. D enm ark................... 1........................................................................ 1 Spain.............. France...................... 7 1............................................................... 8 Spain..............England..................... 2....................................................................... 2 Spain.............. Germ any.................... 4 3...................................................... 8 Spain.............. Germ any (South)............. 1 1...................................................... 3 Spain.............. H ungary (Sl)....................................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Ireland...................... 2 3........................... 2........................... 7 Spain.............. Italy.................3 1..................................1........................... 5 Spain.............. Italy (South)................ 1 1............................................................... 2 Spain.............. Luxemburg.................. 1.................................................................... 1 Spain.............. M exico(Span)................ 1.................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Portugal.................... 1....................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Porto R ioo (Span )........... 3........................................................................ 3 Spain.............. Russia (Jew)............................................................................ 1 Spain.............. Sweden.................... 2....................................................................... 2 Spain.............. Syria.................... 1.......................................................................... 1 Spain.............. United States (Col ).............................................................. 1................ 1 I00 Iq 0:u TN Q,. " T otals..................................... 144 121..................I......... a /4:4 #f W: 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 2den. 1t G3rden. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) with with with with with with with with with st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden............ Sweden........... Sweden............ Sweden..................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria TGerm.).............. Austria (Pol.)................ Canada (Engl.)............. Denmark................... England..................... Finland..................... France...................... Germany.................... Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............. Holland.................... Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (Hung.)............. Hungary (Sl.)................ Ireland...................... Italy........................ Luxemburg.................. Norway..................... Russia (Jew)................ Servia....................... Scotland.................... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 681 2 2 3 2 7 7 35 9 11 7 3 1 4 3 30 1 1 36 42-SWEDEN 16 17. 1.......... 10 I........I.........I.................. I.....................................................................................................................................; 2 3 10.................. 2 1 1 1 1 2......... 4 26 1 13 724 2 4 3 3 10 14 36 14 47 8 3 2 1 4 - 4 57 1 1 38 1 1 5 6 tO` 00 C,) 9i c::S tj......... 1 8......... 1i 1......... 1 1...........................j....................... 4 I Totals..............................[. l.............................89 43-SWITZERLAND (GERM.) Switzerland (Germ.). Switzerland (Germ.).......... 103 8 3............... 2....................1.. 116 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Bo.)................................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Germ.).............. 13............................................................. Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Pol..................................................................... NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. ndGen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 43-SWITZERLAND (GERM.)-Continued Switzerland (Germ.). Belgium.................................................................. 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Canada (Engl.)................................... 1........................... 2 Switzerland (Germ.). Canada (French)........................................................ 1.......................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Cuba (Span.)............................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). England..................... 12 3 1..................................... 18 Switzerland (Germ.). Finland..................... 4............................................... 4 Switzerland (Germ.). France.......................... 12............................................ 13 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany.................... 41 26 2................ 20................. 89 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany (North)............ 3........................... 1......................... 5 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany (South)............. 16.................... 1...2...............0......... 20 Switzerland (Germ.). Hungary (Germ.).................. 6...................................................... 6 Switzerland (Germ.). Hungary (S.)................ 5 1............................................................ 6 Switzerland (Germ.). Ireland...................... 11 4 3......... 9.................i......... 27 Switzerland (Germ.). Italy........................ 3................. 1......................... 4 Switzerland (Germ.). Norway.......................................................... 1.......................... 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Russia (Pol.).................................................. 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Scotland.................................................................. 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Sweden..................... 1 1............................................................ 2 Switzerland (Germ.). Switzerland (French)......... 1......................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Switzerland (Ital.)........................................................................... 1 Totals................................... 240 45 14............. 42....................... 341 44-SWITZERLAND (FRENCH) Switz. (French)..... Switzerland (French)................................................... 6 Switz. (French)..... England................................................... 1 Switz. (French)..... France....................... 10 10 Switz. (French)..... Ireland.............................................9............ 9 Switz. (French)..... Italy (South)..............l... 1......... Switz. (French)..... Norway................................................................ 1 Switz. (French)..... Sweden................... 2............................................ 2 Switz. (French)..... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 3................................................... 3 Totals.................................... 30 3..................................... 33 t3 -0 bo O0 ti I? to 1-.4 * 5. NATIONALITY GENERATION Ist Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 45-SWITZERLAND (ITAL.) Switzerland (Ital.)... Switzerland (ItaL)............ 6 1.............................................. 7 Switzerland (ItaL. )... Hungary (Si)................ 1........................................................................ 1 Switzerland (Ital.)... Ireland...................... 1........ 2........................... 2 Switzerland (Ital.)... Italy...... 6 1.......................................... 7 Switzerland (Ital.)... Italy (North)................ 1 1...... 1 Totals.................................. 14 3 1...... 18 46-SYRIA Syria.............. Canada (Engl.)...................................................................................... 1 Syria.............. Syria.......................71 1............................. 72 Syria.............. R ussia (Jew ).......................... 1............................................................... 1 Syria..............Sweden....................1........................... 1 Syria.............. Switzerland (French)......... 1........................................................................ 1 T otals..................................... 74 2...................................................... 76 47-TURKEY Turkey............. Turkey...................... 99............................................................99 Turkey............. Austria (Pol.)................ 2........................................................................ 2 Turkey............ Belgium.................................................................................... 1 Turkey............ Bulgaria.............................................................................................. 1 Turkey............ British West Indies (Engl.)................................................................. 1 Turkey............ Egypt...................................................................................... 1 Turkey............ France..................................................................................... 1 Turkey............ Germany (North)........... 1................................ i...................... 2 Turkey... Greece...................... 5......................... 5 Turkey............. Hungary (S1.)................ 2 Turkey............. Ireland. 1 1...................................................... 7 Turkey............ Italy (South).............. 2........................................................................ 2 Turkey............ Norway.................................................................................... 1 Turkey............ Spain...................................................................................... 1 Turkey............ Switzerland (Germ.).................................................................................. 1 Totals.............................. 1 1........ 1... 1........................ 7 00 cJ C-, 2b I-4 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTAL 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 48-UNITED STATES United States...... United States................................... 9542 United States....... Austria (Boh.)........................................................29........ 49 United States....... Austria (Germ.)................................................ 31.............18........ 49 United States....... Austria (Jew)................................................... 11.............13........ 24 United States....... Austria (Pol.)..........................................37............31........ 68 United States....... Belgium.................................................. 8 United States....... British W est Indies (Engl.)...................................................................... 8 United States....... Canada (Engl.)................................................. 152................. 126 278 United States....... Canada (French)................................................ 11................. 18...29 U nited States...... Cuba (Span.)................................................... 10..................... 17 United States....... Denmark.......................................................... 25......... 49 United States....... England...........................................264................417 681 United States....... England (Jew)............... 1 1 United States....... Finland............................................17....................23 United States...... France...........................................43...............81 124 United States....... Germany.......................................................1489 1682 United States....... J Germany...................................................... 18 United States....... Germany (North)........................................................ 13 United States...... Germany (South)......................................................... 84 United States....... Greece...................................................................... United States....... olland........................................................ 26 United States....... Hungary (Germ.)................................................... 1.... United States....... Hungary (Jew)......................... 2......................................... 13 United States....... Hungary (Hunr.)....................................................... 2 United States....... Hungary ( )........................................................ 135 United States....... Ireland.......................................................... 2356 United States....... Italy (North)............................................................. 19 United States....... Italy (South)...........................................4................. 418 United States.......Italy.............................................6.....83...... 1217 United States....... Mexico (Span.)..................... 2 United States....... Norway.....................................26..............17...... 43 United States....... Porto Rico (Span.)....................................................... 1 "-4 Itil ~u I tcl tYr 111 0fJ 41.-. NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with. with with with with with TOTAI 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)___ 48-UNITED STATES-Continued United States....... Portugal.............................................................................................1 United States....... Rumania (Jew)...................................................................................... 3 United States....... Russia (Jew).................................................... 14.................. 12......... 26 United States....... Russia (Pol.)..................................................................... 9......... 15 United States....... Scotland....................................................... 124.................. 157......... 281 United States....... Spain..................................................................... 9......... 14 United States....... Sweden........................................................ 70.................. 53......... 123 United States....... Switzerland (French)............................................. 4.................. 4......... 8 United States....... Switzerland (Germ.).............................................. 20.................. 49......... 69 United States...... Syria.......................................................1........................................ 1 United States...... United States (Col.)..................................................................................1 1 United States...... United States (Jew).................................................................................. 14 14 United States...... Venezuela (Span.).................................................................................... 1 U nited States...... W ales.......................................................... 9................. 16.......... 25 Totals......................................................................... 441 9557 16007 49-UNITED STATES (COL) United States (Col.). United States (Col.)................................................................................ 22 06 2206 United States (Col.). British W est Indies (Col.)........................................ 41.................. 2......... 43 United States (Col.). Canada (Engl.)................................................... 13.................. 3......... 16 United States (Col.). Cuba (Col.)..................................................... 3............... 2......... 5 United States (Col.). Denm ark........................................................ 1.................................... 1 United States (Col.). Danish W est Indies (Col.)........................................ 3.................................... 3 United States (Col.). England......................................................... 1.................................... 1 United States (Col.). Germ any................................................................................... 3......... 3 United States (Col.). H aiti (Col.)................................................................................ 2......... 2 United States (Col.). Hungary (Jew)....................................................................................... 1 United States (Col.). Hungary (Sl.).......................................... 1.......................1.... 1 United States (Col.). Ireland............................................................................ 5 United States (Col.). Italy.....................................................................................11........l _ 1 00 0u '-. z '-"I NATIONALITY GENERATION Ist Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) I(NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 49-UNITED STATES (COL.) —Continued United States (Col.). Porto Rico (Col.)........................................................ United States (Col.). Sweden.....................1.........1.................. United States (Col.). United States.................................................................................11 11 Totals......... 2301......... 50-WALES W ales.............. W ales....................... 23 2 1.................. 3........................... 29 Wales.............. Austria (Germ.).............. I........................... 1...... Wales.............. Austria (Jew)...............l........ 1 Wales.............. Canada (Engl.)................................ 1 W ales.............. England..................... 9......... 3.................. 2........................... 14 Wales.............. Germany.........1............... 2 5........................... 8 W ales.............. Germany (North).............................. 1.................................................... 1 W ales.............. H ungary (Jew)....................................................................................... Wales.............. Ireland........... 4.................. 7........................... 17 W ales.............. Scotland.................... 4......................................................... W ales.............. Sweden..................... 1........................................................................ 1 Totals..................48................. 461 1 6......... 17......... 78 51-AUSTRIA (JEW) Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)................ 4465 60 31.................. 56.............4612 Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Boh.)............... 1................................... 1 Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Germ.)............................ 1 Austria (Jew).......Canda (Engl.).............. 1 2.....................1....... I........ 4 Austria (Jew).......Canada (Jew)...1........................................................................ Austria (Jew)....... Denmark................... 2............................................................. 2 Austria (Jew)....... England.................. 1 2........................... 2..... Austria (Jew)....... England (Jew)............... 8 8 2.................. 11.......... 29 Austria (Jew)....... France (Jew)................ 2......... 1....................................... 3 Austria (Jew)....... France...................................................... 2 11-i II at: s 4, ~0 Fi ou q) ~ NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS slt Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 51-AUSTRIA (JEW)-Continued Austria (Jew)....... Germany................... 3 3 1.................. 2.......................... 9 Austria (Jew)...... Germany (Jew).............. 80 71 7.................. 69.......................... 227 Austria (Jew)....... Germany (South)............. 2............................................................ 3 Austria (Jew)...... Holland (Jew)....... 1............................ 1.......................... 2 Austria (Jew)...... Hungary (Jew)............... 328 32 16................ 22................. 398 Austria (Jew)...... Hungary (SI.)............................. 1................................. 1 Austria (Jew)...... Ireland...................... 3 1 3.................. 2.......................... 9 Austria (Jew)....... Rumania (Jew).............. 154 10... 5......... 7.... 5..............17 Austria (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)........ 876 133 44................ 77........................... 1130 Austria (Jew)....... Spain (Jew)....................................... 1 Austria (Jew)....... Turkey (Jew)................ 1........................................................................... 1 Austria (Jew)....... United States..................................2......... 11............. 9............. 20 Austria (Jew)....... United States (Jew)............................... 56............. 132 Totals..................................... 5931 323 112 87..... 249 65............... 6767...........,,........... -... 00 ",,T '0 44 9 9 9 t~< Iu tri ts 52-BULGARIA (JEW) Bulgaria (Jew)...... Bulgaria (Jew)............... 3................................................... Bulgaria (Jew). As...... Autria (Jew)............... 3........................................................... Bulgaria (Jew)...... England (Jew).................................................. Bulgaria (Jew)...... Hungary (Jew)...................................................................... Bulgaria (Jew)......Ruia (Jew)...................................................................... Bulgaria (Jew)......Turkey (Jew)................................................................................ 3 3 1 1 1 1 Totals........................... 1........... i:1........................ 10 53-ENGLAND (JEW) England (Jew)...... England (Jew)............... 10 2.............. 4........................... 16 England (Jew)......Austria (Jew)....... 12 5 3..........3.... 130 England (Jew)...... France (Jew)............................ 3............. 3 England (Jew)......Germany.................... 3 3 England (Jew)......Germany (South)............................. 2................2 CU erj' NATIONALITY GENERATION st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2d Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 53-ENGLAND (JEW)-Continued England (Jew)...... Germany (Jew).............. 5 14 6..............2............. 4..................49 England (Jew)...... Holland (Jew)............... 2 1.......................... 1........................... 4 England (Jew)...... Hungary (Jew).............................1............................ 11 England (Jew) Ireland....... Ireland........................................... 1 England (Jew)...... Italy............................................. 1....................................... 1 -England (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)................. 28 13 7.......................6........................ 64 England (Jew)...... Switzerland (Jew).............................................. England (Jew)...... United States (Jew)........................................... 10...................... 26 England (Jew)...... United States................................ 1..... 1.............. 1 Totals..................................... 3 11....... 7 1.................. 212 54-FRANCE (JEW) France (Jew)....... France (Jew).................................. 1........................................... 1 France (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)................ 3 1................... 6.1......... 10 France (Jew)....... England.................................................................. 1 France (Jew)....... France............................................................. 1 France (Jew)....... Germany (Jew).............. 2 4 1.................. 9.................. 16 France (Jew) Rusia (Jew)...... Rsia (Jew).................. 2 2............................................ 4 France (Jew)....... Scotland...................... 2........ 2 France (Jew)...... United States................................................ 1 France (Jew)...... United States (Jew)................................................................... Totals...................................... 1................... 45 '-. 9bi aa!~Z 4o =0 ~Z 5 —GERMANY (JEW) Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).............. 213 61 117................. 329...................... Germany (Jew).....Austria (Germ.).......................................................... Germany (Jew)..... Austria (Jew)........82....28......... 26................... 91...................... Germany (Jew)...... Canada (Engl.)....................... 2 3............... 1....................... Germany (Jew)..... Austria (Jew)................. 1................................... Germany (Jew) C n.......Den......................... Germany (Jew).....Canada (Jew)................. I~amr.................. 720 2 227 6 2 1 IV A -r- - —... — - - - - _...... — - ICt NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Oen. lst Gen. 2nd Gen. let Gen. 3rd Gen. 2d Gen. 2nd n. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TTALS slt Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 55-GERMANY (JEW)-Continued Germany (Jew). England..................... 5 1 3.................. 8........................... 17 Germany (Jew)..... England (Jew)............... 1 2 4.................. 37........................... 44 Germany (Jew)..... France (Jew)......................... 5 3.................. 13........................... 21 Germany (Jew)..... Germany.................... 1 4.... 8......... 13 Germany (Jew).....Germany (Souh) 2..... Germany (South)............. 3 Germany (Jew)..... Holland......... 2.......................10............. 1...... 13 Germany (Jew)..... Hlary (Hun............................... I............ 1..................................... 1 Germany (Jew)..... Irelandgary (Hung. 2 3 1........)................... 20 Germany (Jew). Italy........................................................................ 2 Germany (Jew)..... Hungary (Jew)6 15................37......................... 148 Germany (Jew) Norw y......................................................................................... Germany (Jew)..... Rumania (Jew).............. 8......... 5..................................... Germany (Jew). Russia (Jew)....7 286...... Nray (........................................ 272 Germany (Jew)..... Scotland (Jew)...................................................... Germany (Jew)..... Scotlerand (Jerw)...................................... 1 Germany (Jew)..... (Jew)Spain......................................... 1.......................... I Germany (Jew).....urkey Jew)n.......................................................................... 2 Germany (Jew)..... Sw oeden (Jew)...................................................................................... Germany (Jew)..... Switzerland (Germ.).................................................................................. I Germany (Jew)..... Switerland (Jew)........................................................................... 2 Germ any (Jew)..... Turkey (Jew)........................................................................................ I Germany (Jew)..... United States.......................................... 7.................. 41................. 48 Germany (Jew)..... United States (Jew)...........................................0............ 202 Totals.....................................270 58.668 192.................. 1792 56-HOLLAND (JEWI) Holland (Jew)...... Holland (Jew).............. 6 2 1............................................. Holland (Jew)...... Austria (Jew)................ 11 1................................... Holland (Jew)...... England (Jew)................................ 1. Holland (Jew)...Germany..........1........... Holland (Jew)...Germany (Jew) 2 1..............6......... Holland (Jew)... Hungary (Jew)............... 2 1............................................................. 10 14 2 1 12 3 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. I Gen. 2nd Gen. lot Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBPF) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNPF MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __________ _______________(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 66-HOLLAND (JEW)-Continued H olland (Jew)...... Ireland............................... 1...............................................................1 Holland (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)................. 4 1 3.........3......... 3........................... 11 H olland (Jew)...... Scotla d...................................... I......................................................1 H olland (Jew)...... United States...................................................................... 1..................1 Holland (Jew)...... United States (Jew)..................................... 3.................. 11.................. 14 Totals.......................... 26 9 8......... 12 12.................. 70 57-HUNGARY (JEW) Hungary (Jew)...... Hungary (Jew)............... 1429 73 27.................. 26........................... 1555 Hungary (Jew)...... Austria (Jew)................ 125 22 9.................. 22........................... 178 Hungary (Jew). Austria (Boh.)......................... 4............................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... Canada (Jew)................ 1........................................................................ 1 Hungary (Jew)...... England..................... 1 1........................... 2........................... 4 Hungary (Jew)...... England (Jew)............... 1.................................... 2........................... 3 Hungary (Jew)...... France (Jew)......................... 2 1.................. 1........................... 4 Hungary (Jew)...... Germ any............................. 2............................................................... 2 Hungary (Jew)...... Germany (Jew).............. 44 35 5.................. 33........................... 117 Hungary (Jew)..... Germany (South)...........2.. 2........................................................................ 2 Hungary (Jew)...... Holland (Jew)............... 2 4 1.................. I............... 8 Hungary (Jew). Hungary (Germ.)............. 2 1............................................................... 3 H ungary (Jew)...... Ireland...................... 1 1........................... 1........................... 3 Hungary (Jew)...... Italy.................. I..... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew).............. 19......... 1............ 3............... 23 Hungary (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)................. 82 30 25.................. 3................ 167 H ungary (Jew)...... Scotland............................. 1 1...................................................... 2 H ungary (Jew)...... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 1........................................................................ 1 H ungary (Jew)...... Switzerland (Jew)..................... 1............................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... United States........................................... 5.......... I.................. 6 Hungary (Jew)...... United States (Jew)..................................... 49.................. 22.................. 71 Totals..................................... 1710 175 70 54......... 121 23.2153 I-4 00 h.. ~0 Cq)!9 NATIONALITY GENERATION t 1st Gen. IstGen. 2nd Gen. st en. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2ndGen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. - (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 58-RUMANIA (JEW) Rumania (Jew)..... Rumania (Jew).............. 769 6 2...............................780 Rumania (Jew)..... Austria (Jew)................ 1 5 1...............................21 Rumania (Jew)..... Bulgaria (Jew)...................................................................................1 Rum ania (Jew).................... 2...................................................................... Rumaniand (Jew)..................................................................... 12 Rumania (Jew)..... Finland (Jew).......................................................................... 1 Rum ania (Jew)..... Frinlance.............................................................................................. 2 Rumania (Jew).....Germany (Jew).............. 7 12........................... I......................... 20 Rumania (Jew).....Holland (Jew)............. 2......................................................................... 2 Rumania (Jew)..... ungary (Jew)............. 36 13................. 2............. 51 Rumania Jew)....Rusia (Jew). 24........... 15............. 297 Rumania (Jew)..... Palestine (Jew)............... 2........................... i................................... 2 Rumania (Jew)..... Turkey (Jew)................. 1........................................................... Rumania (Jew)..... nited States................................................ Rumania (Jew) ed S (Jew..... e (......................... 17.................................. 19 Rumania (Jew)United States. I........ Totals.................................... 1 6 11 18......... 2............. 59-RUSSIA (JEW) a Russia (Jew) Ruia (Jew)................ 14510 777 328......... 455........................ 16070 Russia (Jew)........ Austria (Germ.)....................... 1.............1.. Russia (Jew)........Austria (Jew)................ 1434 181 45............. 141................ 1801 Russia (Jew).......Austria (Pol.)............................................................... 2 Russia (Jew)........ Australia (Jew).................................................. 2 Russia (Jew)...... Bulgaria (Jew)..................................................................... 1 Russia (Jew) Canada (Frenh)........................................ 2 Russia (Jew)...... England................. 1......................6........................... 8 Russia (Jew).... England (Jew) 30..... 20............................... 67 Russia (Jew)........ Finlandi............................................................ 1 Russia (Jew) Fran........2..F....................... Russia (Jew)........ France (Jew)........................ 4 1................. 3........................... 8 Russia (Jew)........ Ger an................................8..........................12 -PM ~ NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Ge. 2nd Gen. 3rd n. 3 G en3r n. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) -(FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP)* (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with ih ith with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 59-RUSSIA (JEW)-Continued Russia (Jew)....... Germany (Jew).............. 101 141 25.................. 101.... -...................... 368 Russia (Jew)........ Germany (South)............. 1.................................................................... Russia(Jew) Holland............... 2 3 2............................................ 13 Russia (Jew)........Hungary (Jew)............... 283 57 27.................. 43............... 410 Russia (Jew). Ireland...............7 3 6.................. 10........................26 Russia (Jew)........ I1taly.......................................... 1.......................... 2 R ussia (Jew)........ Italy (N orth)................ 1....................................................................... i Russia (Jew) Norway...... N............................................................. 2 Russia (Jew)........ Palestine (Jew)........................................................................ Russia (Jew).....P.. Porto Rico (Span.)................ 1 1............................................................. Russa (Jew)........ Por al...................................................................... Russia (Jew)........ Rumania (Jew).............. 379 25 9.................. 20................... 433 Russia Rusia (Pol.)................. I 1s............................................................................ I Russia (Jew)..... Sc otland..................... 1 2............... 1.......................... 4 Russia (Jew)....... Spain.................................................................................. 1 Russia (Jew).......... Sden............................................................ 4 Russia (Je)... (Jew)............... 1............................ I........................ 2 Russia (Jew)........ Switerland (Jew)............ 1 2 1.......................................... Russia (Jew).... (Jew).....(Jew)............................2....... '............................................... 6 Russia (Jew)........ United States......................................... 8i.......... 1 8.............. 23 Russia (Jew)........ United States (Jew)............... I................ 1......................... 6....30 Totals..................................... 1 1213 451 _........84..........19411 -. 3 6-1. a I, 2: % Q 3) til ^ ~0 ^o q) tr =1. 111 0*~ - i^ A - NATIONALITY GENERATION st Gen. 1st Gen. 2ndGen. st Gen. 3rd Ge n en. 2ndGen. 3rdGen. 3rdGen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st. 3rdGen. sen. 2ndGe. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 60-TURKEY (JEW) Turkey (Jew)....... Turkey (Jew)................ 166.................................................................. 16 Turkey (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)..................................................... 3 Turkey (Jew)....... Belgium 1.............................................. 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Bulgaria (Jew).................. 1.................................................... 1 Turkey (Jew)....... France (Jew)................ 1.1 Turkey (Jew)....... Germany (Jew).................... 2 Turkey (Jew)....... Hungary (Jew)........................ Turkey (Jew)....... Rumania (Jew) 4.................................................... 4 Turkey (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)12 1.........................................................13 Turkey (Jew)...... United States................................1................... 1 Totals................................. 18 3..1.................................................. 193 61-UNITED STATES (JEW) United States (Jew).. United States (Jew).................................................................................. 155 1 United States (Jew).. Austria (Jew)..................................... 48...... 38........ 8 United States (Jew).. Austria (Pol.)........................................................ 1 United States (Jew).. Canada (Jew).................................... 1......... United States (Jew).. England (Jew)......................................................... 12......... 19 United States (Jew).. France 1.............................................................. 11 United States (Jew).. France (Jew)........................................... 22........ 4 United States (Jew).. Germany................................. 6..... 7 United States (Jew).. Germany (Jew) 1................. 12......... 15.. 97.. 112 United States (Jew).. Holland (Jew)........3. 4........................................ 4 United States (Jew).. Hungary (Jew).......w24............ 19.... 43 United States (Jew).. Ireland.........................................I........ 2..... 3 United States (Jew).. Italy..................................................................... United States (Jew).. Rumania (Jew)........7...........................................7........................... 7 United States (Jew).. Russia (Jew).........................69..... 178 United States (Jew).. United States..............................................19 19 Totals1........................................ 6..... 42 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. ~ (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) J MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ____(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 62 Marriages of men of various nationalities (1st and 2nd generations) to women, native born of native parents (United States) Austria (Engl.)...... Austria (Germ.)..... Armenia............ Argentina.......... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Pol.)....... Brazil.............. B. W. I. (Col.)...... B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Belgium............ Bolivia............. Bulgaria............ Canada (Engl.)..... Canada (French).... Chile.............. China.............. Columbia........... Cuba (Span.)....... Denmark........... England............ Equador........... Egypt.............. Finland............ France............. Germany (South).... Germany (North)... Germany........... Greece............. Holland............ Hungary (Sl.)....... Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (Hung.).... United States.......................... United States.......................................... United States.......................... United States.......................................... United States.......................................... United States.......................................... United States.......................... United States.......................... U nited States.......................................... United States.......................................... U nited States.......................................... United States.......................................... U nited States.......................................... United States.......................... U nited States.......................................... United States.......................................... United States.......................... United States.......................................... United States.......................... United States.......................................... U nited States.......................................... United States.......................... United States.................................. U nited States......................................... United States.......................... U nited States......................................... U nited States......................................... U nited States......................................... U nited States......................................... United States......................................... United States.......................... United States.......................... 26 6 1 i4 2 2 152 23 1 13 22 419 3 1 43 106 69 256 21 19 6 2 3............ 18........................................................................................................................................................ 9............................ 11........................... 1 1.................. 113 15......... 3......... 3 28 378.................. 4 69 8 13 1679 I......... 13 4 1......... 3 44 6 1 15 29 4 2 27 3 1 1 265 38 1 8 1 16 50 797 1 3 5 112 114 82 1835 21 32 10 3 3 19 tri 0 19....................................................................................................... r I r < NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen t. 2den e. 3rdGen. 2nd en.2ndGen 3rd n. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rdGen. 1t Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) Marriages of men of various nationalities (lst and 2nd generations) to women, native born of native parents (United States.) -Continued. India............. United States................................................... 2 Ireland............. United States................................. 364................. 1486................. 1850 Italy (North)....... United States.................................................. 10................. 59 Italy............... United States.......................................... 105.................. 118.................. 223 Italy (South)....... United States............................................ 56................ 2.................. 58 Japan.............. United States...............................5............................................ 5 Mexico (Span.)...... United States.......................................6............ Norway............ United States...................................... 21............ 18............. 39 Portugal.......... United States........................................... 2.......................... 3 Russia (Pol.) United.t........................................................ 12 Scotland........ United States.................................118.............149............. 267 Spain.............. United States.................................... 16....................23 Sweden......... United States.................59..............36............. 95 Switzerland (Germ.). United States.....................3............. 5.............. 67 Switzerland (French). United States.................................. 3............................................. 3 Porto Rico (Span.)... United States.................................................................... 6 Porto Rico (Col.).... United Statess............................................................ 1 Turkey............. United States.....................5....................... 5 Venezuela (Span.)... United States........................................................................ Wales.............. United-States. 9...................................... 23................. 32 Australia (Jew)..... United States.................................. St..t. s1.......................................... 1 Canada (Jew)....... United States.1........................................................... 1 Portugal (Jew)...... United States............................................................................. Totals.................................................... 2134................. 4160.......... 6294 Grand Total.......................................... 7383 3348 2723 2345 8514 4628 4697 12038 101767 1-3 a_ (.1 11ob IV t~L TABLE VI Groups Represented by less than 10 Cases. NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Ge. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. Ist Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 63-AUSTRALIA (ENGL.) Australia (En.)... England..................... 2...................................................................... 2 Australia (Engl.)...... Ireland...................... 1........... 2 Australia (Engl.)........ Spain........................................................ Australia (Engl.).... Switzerland (Ital.)............ 1........................................................................ 1 Totals....................... 4........................... 64-BULGARIA Bulgaria........... Bulgaria................... I............................................ 1 Bulgaria............ Hungary (Germ.)............. 1...................................................... 1 Bulgaria........... Hungary (S1.)................ I..............................|..... 1 Totals.............................................3 65-BRAZIL Brazil.............. C uba..........................................................1........... Brazil............. France...................................................... 1 B razil.............. Ireland.............................. Brazil.............. Sweden................... 1........................... 1... Tor.tals. l Swedn...............1 1..... 4 66-CHILE Chile.............. Ireland.........3 3................ l 3 C hile.............. France................... 1............................................. 1 T otals...................................... 4...................................................... 4 -t~ 1I1 z tz0 9 11 -111 i * FP f t' fi - NATIONALITY G ENERATION 1et Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 67-COLOMBIA (SPAN.) Colom bia (Span.)... Colombia (Span.)............ 1......................................................................... 1 Colombia (Span.)... France..................... 1......................................................................... 1 T otals...................................... 2....................................................................... 2 8 —COREA Corea.1................ ra................................................ C orea............. Fr nce...................................................................................... 1 Totals......................................................................................... 2 69-DALMATIA Dalmatia........... Dal atia.................... 3 Totals..................................3........... 3 70-EGYPT Egypt............ E gypt....................... 1........................................................................ 1 Totals.. 2 2 Egypt............. Ireland........................................................................ T otals...................................... 2........................................................................ 2 71-EQUADOR E quador........... Eq uador.................... 1........................................................................ Totals.............................................................................................................. Totss~~~~~~~1~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!:bh "I t":kk -ll tn NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ________ _ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ I I 72-GUATEMALA (SPAN.) Guatemala (Span.)... Guatemala (Span.)................................................................... Guatemala (Span.)........... Ge any.................................................................. ] I Tota ls................... 2............................... 73-HAITI (COL.) Haiti (Col.)......... British West Indies (Col.)..... 1.........................................................1 H aiti (Col.)......... United States (Col.)..................................... 1................................ T otals.....................................1............. 1.......................... 74-HONDURAS Honduras.......... United States (Jew)....................................1............... 1........ T otals.............................................................................................................. 7T-LUXEMBURs:. 75-INDIA Luemurg......emurg.............................................................1......... Luxemburgndia......... ustriay (GeS.)........................ 1 |. l 1 Lundiem urg......... France................................. 3.... | | |1 76-LUXEMBURG Luxemburg......... Luxemburg.................. I........................................................................ 1 Luxem burg......... France............................................................. *......... 3 Luxemburg......... Ireland.............................. 2 Luxemburg......... Switzerland (French)...................... 1 T otals.................................... 9....................................................................... 9 tt til to, 111 1-i I-1. ^ f F r f NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1t Gen. 2nd Gen. 18t Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WoMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. slt Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st (en. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 77-MONTENEGRO M ontenegro........ M ontenegro................. 1............................................1............. 1 Montenegro........ Hungary (81.)........................... 1......... 1 Totals............................................................................ 2 78-PHILIPPINE ISLANDS ' Philippine Isl...... Philippine Isl............................................................... 1 Philippine Isl....... England................... 1............................................... Totals..................................... 2........................................................................ 79-PERU Peru........................................... 1 Peru.......... N or wa y.............................................................................. 2 Totals1.................... 80-PERSIA Persia............. Austria (Ita.)..................... 1....................... 1 Persia............. Ireland................................................................... Persia.............. Iurkey...................... 1 1........................................................... 1 Totals...................................................................... 3.... 81-PORTO RICO (COL.) PortoRico (Col.).... British West Indies (Col.)..................... 2............................................. 2 Totals........................... 2..........................................................2 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 82- VENEZUELA (SPAN.) Venezuela (Span.)... Austria (Germ.)............................................................... Venezuela (Span.)... Cuba (Span.)................................................................ 1 Venezuela (Span.)... France................................................................................. Toals.......................................................................... 3 83-CANADA (JEW) Canada (Jew)....... England (Jew).......................................................... 1 Canada (Jew)....... Germany (Jew).............. 1........................................................................ 1 Canada (Jew)....... Ireland........................................................................................ 1 Canada (Jew)....... Russia (Jew).......................... 1............................................. 3 T otals......................................2 2 1................ 1...................... 6 84-DENMARK (JEW) Denm ark (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).................................................................................. Totals........................................................................................ 1 85-LUXEMBURG (JEW) Luxemburg (Jew)... Russia (Jew).................1......................................................... 1 T o t ls................................ 1.......1.... _.... _............................... 1 86-MOROCCO (JEW) M orocco(Jpw)...... Russia (Jew)......................... 1............................................. Totals..........1.................................................................................. ~I-01 'sr a 00 3 ~0 C) o n t^ ^9 tri NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1t Gen. 2nd Gen. It Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) MAN WOMAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __________ _________ _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 87-PALESTINE (JEW) Palestine (Jew)...... Germany (Jew)....................1............................................................... 1 Palestine (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew).............. 3.....3................................................................... 3 Palestine (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)........................................................................................ 2 Palestine (Jew)...... Turkey (Jew)............................................................................. T otals...............................6......... 7................... 7 88-SCOTLAND (JEW) Scotland (Jew)...... Rum ania (Jew).............. 1........................................................................ I T otals..................................... I......................................................................... 1 89-SERVIA (JEW) Servia (Jew)........ Servia (Jew)................. 1..................................................................... 1.. — T otal......................................................................... -......... 1 90-SPAIN (JEW) Spain Russia (Jew)......... -.-...... 1.2......... -.I. -...................... 2 Spain (Jew)......... Austria (Jew)......................... 1............................................................... 1 Totals.............................................. 3 91-SWEDEN (JEW) Sweden (Jew)...... Auta (Jew)........ 2................................. 3 Sweden (Je w)................................................... 1 1 Sweden (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)................. 1 3............................................................... 4 0 CM *4-1 R 2:h, 3 Totals... Totals..................................... Totals for groups represented by less thanlOcases Totals for all groups......................... 3 3......... 65 12 2 67448 6103 3350.................. 21 19.........................8 3 6..............87 2726 2345 8619 4628..7. 123888 101854 -W.61 1. TABLE VI Series 1-88 WOMEN (For a discussion of the method of reading these tables and of 'their further utilization, see Introductory Note, page 87.) TABLE VI, SERIES 1-88 (Heavy type in caption indicates generation of WOMAN) NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 1-ARMENIA Armenia............ Armenia..................... 74 1................................... 75 T otals..................................... 1............75 2-AUSTRIA (BOH.) 341 301......... Austria (Boh.)..... Austria (Boh.)...... - Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)..... Austria (Boh.)..... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... —.Atria Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)..... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)...... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Pol.)................ Canada (French)............. Denmark.................... England..................... France...................... Germany.................... Germany (North)............ Germany (South)............. Greece...................... Holland..................... Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (S1.)................ Ireland...................... Italy...................... Norway..................... Porto Rico (Span.)........... Russia (Pol.)................. Servia....................... Scotland..................... Sweden..................... Switserland (Germ.).......... Austria (Jew)................ Hungary (Jew)............... 421 6 15 1 3 1 1 26 24 14 1 2 2 13 3 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 4 7 3 1 1 2 2 1 6 3 3......... 2 49 2 1......... 3C 2 9 2 558 6 18 1 3 8 2 69 27 19 1 2 2 15 64 8 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 C-n Wr '`4 Itell =1 1-3 Nll 1.....:::....... Totals.................................... I 54.... 50 102. 118..................... I 816 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (BFBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 3-AUSTRIA (GERM.) Austria (Germ.).... Austria (Germ.)............ 189......... 5.................. 5........................... 199 Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Ital.)................ 2.................................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.).... Austria (Pol.)................ 2........................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.)..... British W est Indies (Engl.).... 1....................................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Denmark.; 2.................. 2................. 2........................... 4 Austria (Germ.)..... England.................... 2 1 5.................. 3........................... 11 Austria (Germ.)..... Finland..................... 1.......................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)..... France................... 3 2.............................................. 5 Austria (Germ.)..... Germany................... 98 19 3.................. 32........................... 152 Austria (Germ.)..... Germany (South)............. 64 2 3.................. 1.................. 70 Austria (Germ.)..... Greece...................... I.................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Germ.)........... 16............................................................. 17 Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Hung.)................... 1............................................................. 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Hungary (Sl.)................ 3..................................................................... 3 Austria (Germ.)..... Ireland...................... 1 4 3.................................................... 8 Austria (Germ.)....: Italy........................ 8 1 5.................. 7.......................... 21 Austria (Germ.)..... Italy (North).1................1.............................................................. 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Italy (South)................ 2........................................................... 2... Austria (Germ.)..... Norway...................................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.).....Porto Rico (Span.)..1........................................................................1 Austria (Germ.)..... Rum ania................... 1............................................................. 1 Austria (Germ.).... Russia (Pol.)................. 2 1........... 1............................................ 3 Austria (Germ.)..... Scotland.................................... 2..................................................... 2 Austria (Germ.)..... Spain.........................1............................................... 1 Austria (Germ.) Sweden.........weden.............................................4 Austria (Germ.)..... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 13.........................................................1 Austria (Germ.).... Wales....................... 1........................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Austria (Jew)....................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Germany (Jew).................2................................. 2.......................... 2 Austria (Germ.).... Russia (Jew)............................................................................... 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Venesuela (Span.)............ 1........................................................................ 1 Austria (Germ.)..... Luxemburg...................... 1....................................................... Totals................................ 422 29 31...............54.....................536 0 C., CA1 t~l 19 - NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. dst Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3 rd G en. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 4-AUSTRIA (ITAL) Austria (Ital.)....... Austria (Ital.)...............11.......................................... 12 Austria (Ital.)....... Austria (Germ.).............. 2....................................2 Austria (Ital.)....... Italy (North).........1...... I.......................... 1 Austria (Ital.).... Persia.....................1............... 1 Totals........................15......... 1................................ 5-AUSTRIA (POL.) Austria (Pol.)....... Austria (Pol.)................ 2121 31 26...68........ 68........ 2246 Austria (Pol.)..... e Austria (Germ.).............. 6..................1.........7........ 1......... 7 Austria (Pol.)....... Armenia.................... 2....2............. 2 Austria (Pol.)....... Belgium........................................................................................ Austria (Pol.)....... Canada (EngL).............. 1 1 2.......................... 4 Austria (Pol.)...... Canada (French)....................................................................... Austria (Pol.)....... Denmark. 1.................... 8 Austria (Pol.)....... England..................... 6 2..2........................... 10 Austria (Pol.)....... France...................... 1......... 2.................. 1........4...... Austria (Pol.)....... Germany.................... 23 13.................................... 71 Austria (Pol.)....... Germany (North).13 1 1........................................... 15 Austria (Pol.)...... Germany (South)............. 34 1.........3..................5............ Austria (Po)....... Greece......... 6............................................................... 6 Austria (Pol.)....... Holland................................................................................... 1 Austria (Pol.)....... Hungary (Germ.)............. 2........................................................................ 2 Austria (Pol.)....... Hungary (SG.)................ 23 1 2...........................26 Austria (Pol.)....... Ireland...................... 5:: 12................................ 26 Austria (Pol.)....... Italy............ 10................. 1............... 2.. 17 Austria (Pol.)....... Italy (North)................ 3............................................................... 4 Austria (Pol.)....... Italy (South).......... 15....... 615.................................................... 21 Austria (Pol.)....... M exico (Span.)............... 1I......................................................................... I Austria (Pol.)....... Norway................... 3 1........................................................... 4 Austria (Pol.).......Porto Rico (Span.)........... I.......................................... 1 Austria (Pol.)....... Russia (Pol)................. 192......... 1.................. 1.......................... 194 Austria (Pol.)....... Servi....................... 1........................................................................ 1 Austria (Pol.)....... Sotland............................................................. Austria (PL).Scotlan... 1 U' 4h3 Ili t11 0 (;) 1-3 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. I1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 5 AUSTRIA (POL.)-Continued Austria (Pol.)........S......................................................1 Austria (Pol.)....... Turkey.................... 2.................................................. 2 Austria (Pol.)....... United States (Jew)........................... 1............................................. Austria (Pol.)...... Russia (Jew)................. 2........................................................................ 2 Totals...................................... 2491 66 54 1......... 110........................ 2722 6 BELGIUM Belgium............Belgium............Be l gm 41......... 1........................... 2........................... 44 Belgium............ Austria (Germ.).............. 1........................................................................ Belgium............ British West Indies (Engl)...................................1.................................... Belgium............ Canada (Engl.)............................................................ 1 Belgium............. Cuba (Span.)................ 1............................1 Belgium............ Denmark,.................................. Belgium............ England..................... 3... 3............................................................ 4 Belgium............ France...................... 17........................... 2........................... 20 Belgium............ Germany.................... 4 2 1.................. 1........................... 8 Belgium............ Holland.. 3....................................................... 3 Belgium............ Hungary (Germ.).......................................................................... 1 Belgium............ Ireland................................... 3........................... 5 Belgium............ Italy....................................................................................... 2 Belgium............ Italy (North).. I.................................... Belgium............ Italy (South)......................... I..........1 Belgium............ Norway..2.......................................... 2 Belgium............ Porto Rico (Span.)......................................................................... Belgium............ Scotland....................................................1 Belgium............ Spain............. 2................................................................ 2 Belgium............ Switzerland (Germ.).......... 3........................................................................ 3 Belgium............ Turkey...................... 1.................................. 1 Belgium............ Turkey (Jew)................................................................................ 1 Totals............5...1 0...................... 105 0 C-, C-, (1) "J.. ' ~hl Ctn NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1lt Ger. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Getn. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WoMAN M&N with with with with with with with with with TOTALs 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ____________(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 7-BRITISH WEST INDIES (COL.) B.W. I.(Col.)...... British W est Indies (Col.)..... 672 1 15.................................................. 688 B. W. I. (Col.)...... Danish West Indies (Col.). 2.........................2.... 4 B. W. I. (Col.)..... British West Indies (Engl.).... 2.... 2 B. W. I. (Col.)..... Porto Rico (Col.)............. 2 B. W. I. (Col.)..... United States (Col.)...........412.................. 43 B. W. I. (Col.)..... H aiti (Col.).................. 1...................................................1 B. W. I. (C ol.)..... Canada (C ol.)........................................................................................ 1 Totals...................................... 679 2 15 41.........2.................. 741 8-BRITISH WEST INDIES (ENGL.) B. W. I. (Engl.)..... British W est Indies (Engl.).... 46................................................................ 46 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... Canada (Engl.).............. 2........................................................................ 2 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... E ngland................................................................................ 7 B. W. I. (E ngl.)..... France...................... 1........................................................................ 1 B.W. I.(Engl.)..... Germ any.................... 1 1........................... I........................... 3 B. W. I. (Engl)..... Germ any (South)............. 2.................................................................. 2 B W I (Engl)..... N orw ay..................... 2....................................................... 2 B W I (E ngl).... T urkey.............................................................................................. nTotals........................................................ 64 9-CANADA (ENGL.) Canada (Engl)..... Canada (Engl).............. 48 6 12................. 5........................... 71 Canada (Engl ).....Armenia..................1.........................1.. Canada (Engl)..... Austria (Germ).............. 2.................. 4 Canada (Engl)..... British West Indies (Engl ).......... 2 Canada (Engl)..... Belgium..................... 1..................................................... 1 Canada (Engl)..... Cuba (Span ) 2........................................................................ 2 Canada (Engl).... China................................................................................................ 1 Canada (Engl)..... Denmark 2....................3 Canada (Engl).... England..................... 39 4 6.................. 14........................... 63 (ON 11 0 9 tri to ' —4 19 *(, NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with 'with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) B-CANADA (ENGL.)-Continued Canada (Eng)..... France............................................................... 4 Canada IEngl)..... Germany.................. 3.................. 3253 Canada (Engl)..... Germany (North)..................1......... 1........................... 9 Canada (Engl)..... Germany (South)...................................................................... 2 Canada (Engl)..... Greece........................................................................ 1 Canada (Engl)..... Holland.....................1............................................... 2 Canada (Engl)..... Hungary (Hung)............. 1 Canada (Eng Ireanada (Eng)... 16 11 8.... Ireland.......... 28..................... 63 Canada (Engl)..... Italy.................... 2................................ 5 Canada (Engl)..... Italy (North)................ 1 Canada (Eng )..... Italy (South)........................................................... 3 Canada (Engl)..... Japan............................. 1 Canada (Engl)..... Norway.............,................................ 4... Canada (Engl)..... Scotland.................. 12 2 2.................. 5...............21 Canada (Engl)..... Spain...................................................... 2 Canada (Engl)..... Sweden.......................................................... 3 Canada (Eng)..... Switserland (Germ.)..................................... 1.......................... 2 Canada (Engl)..... Syria.......................................................1 Canada (Engl)..... W ales....................... 1.................................................1...................... 1 Canada (Engl)..... United States (Col)............................... 13.................... 16 Canada (Engl)..... Austria (Jew)............. 2.............. 1.......................... 4 Canada (Engl)..... Germany (Jew)............. 8 2.................. 1........... 6. Totals................................... 154 35 47 13.... 101 3.......... 353,.",,.. tYb "lo tri Canada (French).... Canada (French)............. Canada (French).... Austria (Germ).............. Canada (French).... Canada (Engl).............. Canada (French).... England..................... Canada (French).... France...................... Canada (French)... Germany.................... 10-CANADA (FRENCH) 14 2 3................. 1........................... I..................................................................... 6 1............................................................. 14 2................. 2 2..................... 4 -........... i:............... 20 1 7 4 5 10 NATIONALITY GENERATION I-4 ___ _____ I _________________________(J" 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen.2nd Gen. 3r2d Gen. 3rd Gen. 00 (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WoMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) I 10-CANADA (FRENCH)-Continued Canada (French).... Germany (North)............ I..................1.......................... 2 j Canada (French).... Germany (South)............. 2............................. 2 Canada (French).... Greece....................................... 1...................................1.................. 1 Canada (French).... Holland.................................................................. Canada (French).... Ireland...................... 1 4.................................................. 11 Canada (French).... Italy.............................. I......... I.........2 g0 Canada (French).... Italy (South)..1.........1.......................... 1 1 Canada (French).... Scotland............................. 1......................... 1........................... 2 Canada (French).... Switzerland (Germ)............................ 1.................. Canada (French).... Russia (Jew)................. 2...................................................................... 2 Totals............................36 12 lo......... 36..... 140........................ 72 11-CUBA (COL.) Cuba (Col)......... Cuba (Col).................. 2............................................................. 2....... Cuba (Col)......... British West Indies (Col)..... 2....................................2..... Cuba (Col)......... Porto Rico (Span)............................... 1.................1......... I Cuba (Col)......... United States (Col)....................................................... 5 Cuba (Col)......... Canada (Col)........................................................................................ Totals..................................... 6........... 3.................. 2.................. 11 12-CUBA (SPAN.) Cuba (Span)....... Cuba (Span)................ 12 1...............................................................13 Cuba (Span)....... Canada (Engl).................................................. 1........................... 1 Cuba (Span)....... England..............................1.................. 2........................... 3 Cuba (Span)....... Germ any...................2 1............................................. 4 Cuba (Span )....... H olland..................... 1........................................................................ 1 Cuba (Span)....... Ireland...................2 1.................. 3........................... 6 c Cuba (Span)....... Italy (North..................................................................................... 1 Cuba (Span )...... M exico (Sp n )............. 2........................................................................2 a IF I - Y H NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. nd Gen. sten. Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN I MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 12-CUBA (SPAN.) —Continued Cuba (Span )....... Porto Rico (Span )........... 3.....I.. 1...................................................... 4 Cuba (Span)...... Spain...................... (n...................................................... 5 Cuba (Span)....... Switzerland (Germ).............................................. 1........................... 1 Cuba (Span).......France.......................................... 1........................... 1 Cuba (Span )....... Brazil........................ 1......... Cuba (Span)....... Venezuela (Span)........................................................... 1 Totals....................................... 45 13-DENMARK Denmark........... Denmark.................... 143 2...................................... 148 Denmark........... Austria (Germ).............. 1.................. 1.........3 Denmark........... Belr ium...................................................... 1. Denmark........... Canada ng..............1.................................. Denmark........... England...............8 1 2......2......... 3......... 14 Denmark...........Finland......................................................... 2 Denmark........... France............1............. Denmark........... Germany...............9 2....................... 11........................... 25 Denmark........... Germany (North)................3........................................ 4 Denmark........... Germany (South)2............................... 2 Denmark........... Greece............................................................................... 1 Denmark........... Hoand................. I................................................................... 1 Denmark...........Ireland............2 2 1..................4........................... 9 Denmark........... Italy........................ I 1 1.........3.. Denmark........... Norway.... 7..............8.................................... 8 Denmark........... Porto Rico (Span)........................................1................. I Denmark........... Portugal.................................................... 1........................... 1 D enm ark........... R ussia (Pol )......................... I............................................................... 1 Denmark........... Scotland................. 12 Denmark........... Spain.............................................................................. 1 D enm ark........... Sweden..................... 7......... 2.................. 1........................... 10 Denmark...........United States (Co.l)........................... 1............................................. 1 C-,) 11 --I U'I ".0 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with ToTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. let Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)__ 13-DENMARK-Continued Denmark........... Austria (Jew)...................................................................... 2 t Denmark.......... Germany (Jew)...... 1.................................................................... Totals................................ 194 12 11 1......... 5.......................... 243 14-DUTCH WEST INDIES (COLJ D W I (Col)...... Dutch West Indies (Col)..... 54............................................. 55 D W I United States (Col)..................................... 3.......................3 D W I (Col)......Cuba (Col)........................................................................ D W I (Col)...................1..'........... 1.......... D W I (C ol)...... India....................... 1........................................................................1 Totals..................................... 1 3......... 1..................1 15-ENGLAND England............ England..................... 549 34 35............56........................ 674 England............ Arm enia.................... I.......................................................................1 England............ Austria (Boh)................................... 1........................... England............ Austria (Germ ).......... 4 1 4.................. 2.......................... 11 England............ Austria (Pol)......... 2 1............................. 3 England........... British West Indies (Engl)... 5......... 2............................7 England........... Belgium..................... 2.................................... 1........................... England........... Canada(Engl).............. 22 6 6.................. 12................ 46 England............ Canada (French)............. 2 1 1........................................... 4 England............ Cuba (Span). 2................... 2 England............ Denmark.................. 9 3 4......................................16 England............ Finland..................... 1.......1 England...................France 9 4 4.................. 6..........23 England............ Germany.................... 35 47 20.................. 119..................... 21 England.. Germany (North)............ 12......... 8.................. 1..........................21 England........... Germany (South)............. 17........ 3.................. 3........................... 23 England........... Greece. 5 1........................^*4 4 44 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gn. 2nd Gen. 2nd en. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WoMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 15-ENGLAND-Continued England............ Holland..................... 1 2 7.................. 3.........1.........3......... 13 England............ Hungary (Hung)............. 2........................................................................ 2 England............ Ireland...................... 84 64 80!.:.:::.:..... 114........................... 22 England........... Italy........................ 15 5 8.................. 8........................... 36 England............ Italy (North)................ 5......... 4...................................................... 9 England............ Italy (South)................ 7......... 6...................................... 13 England............ Japan....................... 1.................................................................. England............ Norway.......... 7.... 1.................. 1......................... 9 England............ Porto Rico Span)......... I.................. 2........................... 3 England. Portugal.. gal............................................. England............ Scotland..................... 59 7 11.................. 17........................... 94 England............ 2Supain.................................................................. 2 England........... Sweden............... 7 2 3.........2......... 21........................... 14 England............ Switzerland (French)......... 1........................................................................ 1 England............ Switzerland (Germ ).......... 12 1 8.................. 2........................... 18 England.. Wales.9 3............................................................... 14 England............ United States (Col).1...................................................... 1 England............ Austria (Jew)................ 1......... 2.. 2......................... 5 England............ France (Jew)................................. 1.............................................. I England............ Germany (Jew).............. 5 3 1................. 8........................... 17 England........... Hungsry (Jew)........................... 2........................... 4 England............ Rumania (Jew). 2...................................................................... 2 England............ Russia (Jew)......................... 1................. 6........................... 8 England............ Australia (Engl)..... 2.............................................................2 Englandls............ Philppines........................................................................................ 1 Totals..................................... 9. 3 183 168 1.................................... 1626 CA3 C-, 11 -cb3 1-1 Z3 2: t" 1i FinlandFinla..nd...... Finland..................... 350 1 Finland........... Cuba (Span)................ 2......... Finland............ Denmark.................... 5......... Finlan............. England..................... 7......... -FINLAI D — 4...................................................... 2 0.................. I........................... 8 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. t Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 16-FINLAND-Continued Finland............ France...................... 3 1.............................................. 4 Finland............ ermany.................... 3........................... 9................... 9 Finland............ Germany (North)............ 2...... 1.................................................. 3 Finland............ Germany (South)............. 3......................................................... 3 Finland............ Hungary (Germ )............. 2...................................................................... 2 Finland............ Ireland..................... 7.............................................................. 10 Finland I.. t y.............................................. 1 Finland............ Italy (North)..................................................................... 1 Finland.............. Ja an........................................................................ 2 Finland.......................10....................................... 10 Finland............ Ru1aia (Pol)............ 12 1................................................................. 13 Finland....... Scotland.................................................l......... 1 FinlandSweden..................... 3 1......................................... 36 nland............ Swit erland (Germ ).......... 4.................................................................. 4 Finland......... Russia (Jew)................. 1............................................. Totals.............4......... 4 15 2................... 2... 467 0\ h.4 91 0 tx, 9 CA) ~d4 1 -111 r-" (A France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............. France............ France..................... Austria (Germ).............. Austria (Boh).............. Austria (Pol)................ Belgium..................... Canada (Engl).............. Canada (French)............. China....................... Cuba (Span)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Sermany.................... Germany (North)........... Germany (South)........... 331 2......... 19 3 2 1 1 1 35 37 1 1 17 -9 1 6 12......... -FRANCE 21 1..............................::::::::..............::........................... 1................................................................................. 1......... 5 7 12 1........ 4 34......... 7 367 3 2 1 19 3 3 1 3 2 53 90 1 13 I.................................... 4..............A 44 If NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rdGen. 2nd Gen 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFPT (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 17-FRANCE-Continued France............. Greece.................... 5....................................................................... France............. Holland..1......... 12.................... I.......................... 13 France............. Hungary (Germ )...................................................................................... 1 France............. Hungary (GS) 1................. 2............................................ 3 France............. Ireland................... 12 6 6............................................ 50 France............. Italy....................... 11 2 6................. 6........................... 25 France............. Italy (North)................ 14.......................................................................14 France............. Italy (South)................ 7......... 6....................................................13 France............ Japan....................... I........................................................................ France............. Mexico........................ 2........................................................................2 France............. Norway..................................... I.........1.................. 2 France............. Portugal................... 2...................................................................... 2 France............ Scotland.................... 4 1 3.................. 1........................... 9 France............. Spain................. 7......... 1................................................... 8 France............. Sweden.................... 9 1......................... 4.......................... 14 France............. Switzerland (French).................................................. 10 France............ Switzerland (Germ).......... 12........................................................ 13 France............. Turkey 1............................................................................................ France............. Austria (Jew)......... 1....... 1................................................... 2 France............ France (Jew)........................ 1........................................................... France............. Rumania (Jew)............... 2..................................................................... 2 France............. Russia (Jew).................. 1......... 1............................................. 2 France............. United States (Jew)................... 1................... 1 France............ Brazil....................... 1......................................................................1 France............ Chile....................... 1......................................................................1 France............ Colombia (Span)............ 1..................................................................... 1 France............. Corea....................1..................................... 1 France............. Peru.............................................................................................. 1 France............. Venezuela (Span)......................................................................... France............. Luxemburg.................. 3........................................................... Totals.................................... 560 39 74............... 901................64 CA L -4 (11 r)t t" rhr IV OCA> NATIONALITY GENERATION e1t Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. t Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. I___I____ _ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 18-GERMANY Germany........... Germany.................... Germany........... Armenia..................... Germany........... Austria (Boh)............... Germany........... Austria (Germ)............. Germany........... Austria (Ital)................ Germany........... Austria (Pol)................ Germany........... British West Indies (Engl ).... Germany.......... Belgium..................... Germany........... Canada (Engl)............. Germany........... Canada (French)............. Germany........... Cuba (Span)................ Germany........... Denmark.................... Germany........... England..................... Germany........... France...................... Germany........... Greece..................... Germany........... Holland..................... Germany........... Hungary (Germ)............. Germany........... Hungary (Sl)............... Germany........... Ireland..................... Germany........... Italy.................... Germany.......... Italy (North)............... Germany.......... Italy (South)................ Germany.......... Japan....................... Germany........... Mexico (Span).............. Germany...Nor.ay. Germany........... Norway..................... Germany....... Porto Rico (Span )........... Germany........... Portugal.................... Germany........... Rumania.................... Germany.......... Scotland.................... Germany........... Spain....................... Germany.......... Sweden..................... Germany........... Switzerland (erm).......... 1863........ 11 34 'ii "ii... 4i 2 14 7 68 19 4 19 10 9 26 31 1 11 1 1 4 278 1 4 1 3 3 13 6 38 7......... 699 3 7 24 1 9 4 6 22 2 4 8 92 13 4 8 5 2 78 43 8 30 fi 16............................................ 26............................................ 5.................. 23.................. 1.................. 3.................. 9................. 101.................. 29.................. 41.................. 15......................................... 1'"................. 1. 437.................. 45............. a.................. 7................................... 49............. 20............. 1604 1 7 4444 4 27 78 1 28 4 22 50 9 8 27 274 67 9 32 15 12 578 126 9 44 1 2 16 2 1 1 86 8 47 89 '-4 01 tfj ~U 2 8 4 11 41................. 27......... 3 10. 26......... A. i w,P Jft V NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WoMAN MAN with with with with with with with ith with ToTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. let Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 18-GERMANY-Cotisnued Germany........... Wales1...................... I......... 2.................. 8 Germany........... United States (Col).......................................................... 3.............3 Germany........... Austria (Jew)............ 3 1 3.................................... 9 Germany.......... England (Jew)...................................... 3 Germany........... Germany (Jew)...................... 4................. 8.................. 13 Germany........... Holland (Jew)..................................................... 1 Germany........... Hungary (Jew)............................ 2 Germany........... Russia (Jew)............. 3......... 1..............12 Germany........... United States (Jew).................................................. 6.......... 7 Germany.......... Guatemala..............................................................1 Germany.......... Luxemburg...................................................... Totals.......................... 1159......... 2428............. 181 19-GERMANY (NORTH) C6 1<~ C-, -.91 0 t" ~h N Germany (North)... Germany (North)............ Germany (North)... Austria (Germ)............. Germany (North)... Austria (Boh)............... Germany (North)... Austria (Pol)............... Germany (North)... Canada (Engl)............. Germany (North)... Canada (French)............. Germany (North)... China....................... Germany (North)... Denmark................... Germany (North)... England.................... Germany (North)... Finland..................... Germany (North)... France..................... Germany (North)... Germany (South)............. Germany (North)... Greece..................... Germany (North)... Holland..................... Germany (North)... Hungary (Germ)............ Germany (North)... Hungary (S)................ Germany (North)... Ireland..................... 209 2 3............................................. 6 3......... 1........................... 3........................................................................ 1 2 2 2 4 9 2 1 77 4 1 6 1 13 1 --- —---.................. 3 1.... 1 --- —----........................................................................ 2 8 2......... 2 219 7 3 1 1 3 2 4 20 4 1 82 4 1 5 1 20 0c fn.... NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. nd 1st G en. 3rd Gen. rd t Gen. sen. nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ____(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 19-GERMANY (NORTH)-Continued Germany (North)... Italy (North)...................................................................................... 1 Germ any (N orth)... Italy (South)................ 4...................................................................... 4 Germany (North)... Mexico....................................................................... Germany (N orth)... Norway3..................... 3................................................................... 3 Germany (North)... Russia (Pol)................. 12......... 5................................................ 17 Germany (North)... Scotland.................................................................. 2 Germany (North)... Sweden......................... 7.................................... 1......................... 8 Germany (North)... Switzerland (Germ ).......... 3 1............................ 1......................... 5 Germany (North)... Turkey.......................................... 1........................... 2 Germany (North)... Wales..................................................................................... 1 Totals..................................... 372 18 11..................2................. 422 Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South).... Germany (South)............. Austria (Germ ).............. Austria (Boh )............... Austria (Pol)................ British West Indies (Col)..... British West Indies (Engl).... Canada (Engl ).............. Canada (French)............. Cuba (Span)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France...................... Germany (North)............ Greece...................... Holland..................... Hungary (Germ)............. Hungary (Hung)............. 278 35 2 8 1 20-GERMANY (SOUTH) 2 6.................. 1......... 1.................. 5......... I......... 1.................. I......... 1............................ I........................... 11-3 tell,"e C) 11-3 00 1 4 11 91 4 1 4 4 1......... 2 4 i 4........................................................................ 4.................. 291 37 3 8 1 1 1 1 1 4 19 1 16 96 6 6 9 1 ^~A A A v VI W NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Glen, 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rdGen. 3rd e en. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALs 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gem 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 2I-GERMANY (SOUTH)-Continued Germany (South).... Ireland.............. 14 8............................22 Germany (South)....Italy........................ 11 1 7......3.......... 3...........22 Germany (South).... Italy (North)............2......................1......... 1........................... 3 Germany (South).... Italy (South)................. 2............................................................. 2 Germany (South).... Japan.............................. 1.........3.......................... 3 Germany (South).... Mexico...................................... Germany (South).... Scotland................ 3 2 1........................................... 6 Germany (South)... Spain....................... 1......... 1............................1 1......... 3 Germany (South)... Sweden................ 3................................................................. 3 Germany (South).... Switzerland (Germ).......... 16 3a................................... '20 Germany (South).... Austria (Jew)............. 2 1........................................... 3 Germany (South).... Germany (Jew).............. 2..2................................ 3 Germany (South).... England (Jew)............... 2.............. 2 Germany (South).... Russia (Jew)......................................................................................... 1 Totals..........522 33......................................96 21-GREECE Greece............. Greece..................... 218..................................................... 218 Greece............. England......................... 1 Greece............. Holland.1.............1......................... I Greece.............taly........... 1....................... 1 Greece............. Turkey...................... 5 Totals................................ 22..... 6...................... 226 22-HOLLAND,,4,. 6-8 Holland............Holland..................... 50 1 4.. Holland........... Austria (Germ )......................................................................... H olland............ Belgium.................... 3........................................................................ Holland.... anada(E )................e..n 1..................... Holland...........Cuba (an).................................................................. Holland............ England..................... 2 aonmt~ ~....... J 1 11~.....................~~~ 65 1 3 1 2 3 M " NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Ge.n. Is Uen. 3rd Gen. 2nd en. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 22-HOLLAND-Coniinued Holland.. Finland I..........Finland..............................................................1 Holland. France...................... 1................................................. 1 Holland............ Germany....................................................................... 7 Holland............ Germany (North)............ 2................................ 2 Holland............ Germany (South)............ 2...................... 2 Holland............ Greece........................ 1 H olland............ Ireland...................... 2........................... 4................. i.......... 8 H olland............ Italy........................ 2......... 2.................. 4........................... 8 Holland............ Scotland..................... 1...................................................... 2 Holland............ Sweden........................................................ 1......................... 2 Holland............Germany (Jew).............. 2 1........................... 10........................... 13 Holland............ Russia (Jew)................. 2 2 3.................................... 13 Totals.....................................73 9 1132 125 23-HUNGARY (GERM.) Hungary (Germ).... Hungary (Germ)............ 397 2 1..................................... 401 Hungary (Germ).... Austria (Germ)........................................................................... 14 H ungary (Germ.).... Ausatria (Pol.)........................................................................................ 1 Hungary (Germ.).... Canada (Engl.)............... 2 1........3.................... 3 Hungary (Germ.).... lan.........................2............................................. 2 Hungary (Germ.).... Germany................. 55 5 2.................. 4........................... 66 Hungary (Germ.).... Germany (North).........................................................13 Hungary (Germ.).... Germany (South)............. 37............................................. H ungary (Germ.).... Greece...................................................................................... 1 Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (......................................................5 Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (Hung.)................................................................................ 6 Hungary (Germ.).... IHungary (Hung.)................ 2 1 1...................................................... 4 Hungary(Germ.)..................................................................................... 3 Hungary (Germ.)........................................................................................ Hungary (Germ.).... Switzerland (Germ.)................................... S...6. Hungary (Germ.).... Hungary (Jew)............... 2........ I.................................. 3 Hungary (Germ.).... Bulgar..................... 1....................................................................... 1 Totals......................................6..............7 N" 9 ~0 9 ~0 C)j tri A, 11-1 0~ ~0 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 24-HUNGARY (HUNG.) Hungary (Hung.).... Hungary (Hung.)..............334... 1............................................. 335 Hungary (Hung.).... Autria (Grm.).............................................................1........ 1 Hungary (Hung.).... Austria (Pol.)....................................................................... 1 Hungary (Hung.).... Germany.................... 4.............................. 1.......................... 5 Hungary (Hung.).... Germany (North)............ 2...........................................................2 Hungary (Hung.).... Germany (South).................................................. 1 Hungary (Hung.).... Greece........................................................................................ 1 Hungary (Hung.).... Hungary (Germ.)..... 17.............................................17 Hungary (Hung.).... Hungary (Sl.).............................................................2 Hungary (Hung.).... Ireland.................................... 5.................. I......... 6 Hungary (Hung.).... Italy...... 2................................................... Hungary (Hung.).... Italy (South)................ 2................................................2...................... 2 Hungary (Hung.).... Sweden.................................... 4 Hungary (Hung.).... Germany (Jew)........... 1.............................................................. Hungary (Hung.).... England 3.................3....... Totals................................ 374...................2.....G R................... 383 25-HUNGARY (SL),) 9 9.4~ 11-3 2 3I t-, Iu Hungary (81.)....... Hungary S.)....... Hungary (Sl.)....... Hungary (.)....... Hungary (Sl.).... Hungary (.).... Hungary (S.)...... Hungary (.)...... Hungary (Sl.)....... Hungary (Sl)....... Hungary ()....... Hungary (1S.)....... Hunga (S)....... Hungary (1S.)................ Armenia.................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Pol.)................ British West Indies (Col.)..... Belgium..................... Canada (Engl.)............. Denmark................... England.................... Finland.................... France...................... Germany.............. 1522 1 21 12 99 2 1 2 2 5 1 75 9 2 1 2 10 8.................. C........ j.................................... 1545 1 22 12 102 2 2 2...................................................................... 2 I.................. 2.......................... 1 1 89 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st G. Ge Gen. 3rd. nden.2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. st Gen 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 25-HUNGARY (SL.)-Continued Hungary (S.)....... Germany (North)............ 16...................................................................... 16 Hungary (S1.)....... Germany (South)............. 28................................................................... 28 Hungary (Sl.)....... Greece............................................................................................ 10 Hungary (SI.)....... Holland................... 2............................................................... 2 Hungary (S.)....... Hungary (Germ.)............. 11................................................................... 11 Hungary (SI.)....... Hungary (Hung.)............. 2...................................................................... 2 Hungary (S.)....... Ireland...................... 8 2........................... 2.......................... 12 Hungary (SI.)....... Italy....................... 18 1 5 1............................ 25 Hungary (Sl.)....... Italy (North)................2....................................................................... 2 H ungary (Sl.)....... Italy (South)................ 10......... 1...................................................... 11 Hungary (Sl.)....... Norway..................... 1 1............................................................ 2 Hungary (S1.)....... Rumania.................... 2................................................................. 2 Hungary (SI.)....... Russia (Pol.)................. 32........ 1..................................................... 33 Hungary (Sl.)....... Servia.................. 7.... 7.............................................................. 7 Hungary (Sl.)...... Scotland................1... 1.................................................................... 1 Hungary (SI.)....... Spain..................... 1.................................... 1 Hungary (Sl.)....... Sweden................. 1......... 1........................................... 4 Hungary (Sl.)....... Switzerland (South)..................... 1................................................. 6 Hungary (S.)....... Switzerland (Ital.).................................................................................... 1 Hungary (S1.)....... Turkey...................2............................................................... 2 Hungary (S1.)....... United States (Col.)..................................... 1.......................................... 1 Hungary (S.)....... Austria (Jew)................ 1....................................................... 1 Hungary (S1.)....... India..............1...................................................................... 1 Hungary Sl.)...... Bulgaria.1..................... 1.............................................. Hungary tS1.)....... Montenegro................. 1......................................................1 Totals..........1...........98.................. 1 8 32 18 1 14............1973 78 Cu q)C tX to,:? l tW.4 4 v NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen. 2ndGen st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2n en. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOxALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ___________(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............ Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............. Ireland............ Ireland........ -.. Ireland...................... Armenia..................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Ital.)................ Austria (Pol.)................ British West Indies kCol.)..... British West Indies (Engl.).... Belgium..................... Canada (Engl.).............. Canada (French)............. China....................... Cuba (Span.)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Finland..................... France..................... Germany................... Germany (North)............ Germany kSouth)............ Greece..................... Holland..................... Hungary (Germ.)............ Hungary (Hung.)............ Hungary (Sl.)............... Italy....................... Italy (North)............... Italy (South)............... Japan....................... Mexico (Span.).............. Norway.................... Porto Rico (Span.)......... 4455 2 3 16 1 10 1 12 6 54 7 1 22 284 4 23 77 24 29 23 10 2 2 35 2 2 12? 24 784......... 3 2 I-IRELAND 1 4121....... 1 13 4 4 58 14 147 1 1 2 12................ 4........i fI 2....... 2 2f. 1620......... 4 10......... 4 1 18 24 2 7 110 26 481........................................................................................ 7271 4 10 29 1 20 1 18 10 111 41 1 6 35 552 5 78 747 38 56 28 15 5 2 4 91 44 41 2 5 18 5..........................l............3.................. 20............ 2( 4 Id 24 36 2 1 1....................................................................................... NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen.2nd Ge. stGen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd God. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALa 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 26 —IRELAND-Continued Ireland............. Portugal.................... 3......... 2....................................5........ Ireland............. Rumania.................................................................................. Ireland............. Russia (Pol.)................. 8......... 4.................. 1........................... 13 Ireland............ Servia.........................................................................................1 Ireland............. S otland................... 115 14 37.................. 50........................... 216 Ireland. pain........................ 2.... 3............................................ 7 Ireland............. weden6....3............ s 6........13........................ 57 Ireland............. Switzerland (French) 6............................. Ireland............. Switzerland (Germ.)........ 11 3 4......... 3..9.................27 Ireland............. Switerland (Ital.).................. 1 1................................................... 2 Ireland............. Turkey...................... 5 1 1................................ 7 Ireland............. W ales...................... 4 1 5.................. 7........................... 17 Ireland............. United States (Col.)................... 1.................. 4I..........1.. 5 Ireland.............. Autria (Jew)............. 3 1................. 2................9 Ireland............ England (Jew ).......................................................................................1 Ireland............. Germany (Jew).............. 2 1 3.................. 14.................0 Ireland............. Holland (Jew)........................................................... 1 Ireland............. Hungary (Jew)............................. I..................... 3 Ireland........... Ruis a(Jew)............. 6 3..... 10........................... 26 Ireland............. United States (Jew).................................... 2.................... 3 Ireland...... Autral (Engl.)......... 1.......................................... 2 Ireland............ Brail......................................................................... 1 Ireland............. Chile.................................l..............3 Ireland............. Egyp.................1...... 1 Ireland...... d (Pereia )......,.... Leu................... 1 Ireland............. C ana da (Jew ).................................. I........................................... 1 Ireland............. Luxem burg..2............ 2.....................................................................2 Totals..................................... 5352 1066 804 3......... 2485 5.................. 9735 Ar v NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. J2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ______ _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FFBFP) (NBF) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 27-ITALY Italy............... Italy.......5......................... 6165 Italy.... Austria.)...................... I........................................................................ Italy............... Austria (Boh.).............................................................................. Italy............... AustWi a I ntog.)....................................................................2 Italy............... A ustria (........................................................................ Italy............... ABritish W est Indi.)................................................................. 1 Itatb............. Belgium................................................. Italy............... Canada (EngL)... 1.............4..................................... 4 Italy............... Canada (French)....................................................................................... Italy............... Cuba (Span.)............... 1......................................................... 2 Italy............... Italy (South)................ 1 7......................... 1.................. 16 Italy............... Germany.......... 0 9 6.................. 28 9.................. 2......... 153 Italy............... GeFrany (North).............................. 1............................................. 1 Italy............... Greeceany '.......................... 8........................... 53 Italy.............. a.........3............................................. Italy............... Ireland...................... 5 6 15.................. 24................................ 50 Jtaly............... Norwaynd...................................... 1...................................................... Italy............... Portugal 1................. 12..................2........ 52 Italy Scotland...............1 orway................................. 1..................2 Italy.............. Spainr........................ 1......... 1........ 1............................ 5 Italy............... Sweden..................... 1..................................................1 Italy............... Switzerland (Germ.).................................................... 4 Italy............... Switzerland (Ital)............ 6........................................................ 7 Italy............... U nited States (Col.)................................................................ 1..................1 Italy............... England (Jew ).............................................................................. I Italy............... G erm any (Jew )........................................................... 2........................... Italy............... Hungarynd (Jew)................................. 1............................................. 1 Italy. ur (Je)...........1.................. Italy............... United States (Jew)1...................................... I................... Total...................................... 1347(1 126()90.................. 2.. 2 to bhj I, 3 2 I wY NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)__ 28-ITALY (NORTH) Italy (North)....... Italy (North)................ 861......... 115................. 1........................... 977 Italy (North)....... Austria (Germ.)......... 1 Italy (North)....... Austria (Ital.)................ 1............................. 1 Italy (North)....... England..1 1..................................... 2 Italy (North)...... Germany............ 1 4............................................................. 5 Italy (North)....... Germany (North)............ 3...................................................................... 3 Italy (North)....... Greece...................... I..................................................... Italy (North)....... Irelandece.......... 1......................................... 2 Italy (North)....... Italy (South)................ 185......... 2...........................187 Italy (North)....... Scotland........ 1................................... 1 Italy (North)....... Switzerland (Ital.)....................................... 1 Italy (North)....... Russia (Jew)................. 1 Italy (North)...... Cuba (Col.)............................................ 1 Totals................................. 1059 5 118..........1............... 1193 29-ITALY (SOUTH) Italy (South)....... Italy (South)................ 3580......... 376.................. 4........3960 Italy (South)....... Canada (French)............. 2........................................................................ 2 Italy (South)....... Cua (Span.)................................................1 Italy (South)....... England.............................................................................................. Italy (South)...... Germany................ 1............................................................... 2 Italy (South)....... Greece...................... 3....................................................................... 3 Italy (South)....... Hungary ( 1.)..........................................:............... 1.......................... 1 Italy (South)....... Ireland...................1 4...... re........................................................... 5 Italy (South)....... Italy (North)............... 58......... 5......... 3.................. 63 Italy (South)....... N orw ay..................... 1.............................................................. Italy (South)....... Porto Rico (Span.).......... 2.............................................................. 2 Italy (South)....... Scotland................... 1............................................... 1 Italy (South)....... Spain....................... 1......... 1............................................ 2 Italy (South)....... Turkey...................... 2....................................................................... 2 Italy (South)....... Switzerland (French)..............................................................................1 Totals............................ 3654 382.................. 6.................. 4047 01. ttij ti, til Q)) II -4 r t w4 T NATIONALITY e1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3 Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (PBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. Ist Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd en. 3rd Ge. 2nd Gen 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 30-NORWAY Norway............Norway..................... 206 3 2.........2......... 2........................... 213 Norway. Austria (Germ.)........................... 2................ Norway............ Austria (Pol.).................................................................... Norway............ British W est Indies (Col.)..... 1.............................................1 Norway............ Canada (Engl.).............. 1....1 Norway............ China.............................................................................. 1 Norway............ Denmark............................................... 20 Norway............ England............. 9 3 2 1................... 2 1........................... 16 N orway............ Finland..................... 1.............................................................. 1 Norway............ ermany................... 7 4 2.................. 9........................22 Norway............ Germany (North)............ 2 1 1............................... 4 N orway............ Greece...................... 1............................................................... 1 Norway............ Holland....................].................................1 Norway............ Ireland...................... 9 56........................... 8...22 Norway............Italy........................ 3 1 1................................................... Norway............ Italy (South)............................................................... 4 Norway............................ 1 Norway........... Portugal............................................ Norway............ Russia (Pol.)................. 1.................................... 1 Norway.cotland................... 3........................... I.......................4 Norway............ Sweden..........36.. 36 1 1......................................38 Norway............ witzerland (Germ.) 2.........3.................. 3 Norway............ Switzerland (French).....................................1........ Norway............ Turkey....................................................................................... Norway............ Germany (Jew)............2.................................... 2 Norway............ Russia (Jew)............ I............................................................. 2 Norway........... Peru............................................... 0.............................. T otals......................................................... I........................ ra t-4 5i1 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. Ist Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. let Gen. 3rd Gen. lt Gen. 2nd Gea. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 31-PORTO RICO (SPAN.) Porto Rico (Span.).. Porto Rico (Span.)........... 15......... 1.................................................... 16 Porto Rico (Span.).. Belgium.................. 1. Porto Rico (Span.).. Cuba (Span.)................ 2........................................................................ 2 Porto Rico (Span.).. Germ any.................... 1........................................................................ 1 Porto Rico (Span.).. Spain...................3........................ Porto Rico (Span.).. Russia (Jew)................. 1..................................1.... Totals.......................... 231........... 1.............24 32-RUMANIA Rumania Rumania.................... 15................................................... 16 T otals................................. 15...................................................... 33-RUSSIA (POL.) Russia (Pol.)........ Russia (Pol.)................. 750......... 2........................... 756 Russia (Pol.)........ Armenia...............2..................2......... 2 Russia (Pol.)........ Austria (Pol.)............... 33 1 1.........i.......................... 35 Russia (Pol.)........ Canada (Engl.)....................... Russia (Pol.)........ Denmark.1.....1................. 1 Russia (Pol.)....... England..................3......... 3 Russia (Pol.)........ Germany.................. 6 3............................. 11 Russia (Pol.)........ Germany (North)............ 4..................................... 5 Russia (Pol.)........ G erm any (South)............. 7........................................................................ 7 Russia (Pol.)........ Greece...................3................3..............3 Russia (Pol.)........ Holland.1........................................... 1 Russia (Pol.)........ Hungary (S.).......... 5..................................................................... 5 Russia (Pol.)........ Ireland...................................... 3........................... 7 Russia (Pol.) Italy................ 1 1.........1.................................... 11 Russia (Pol.)........ Italy (North)........................... 1 R ussia (Pol.)....... Italy (South)................ 4....................................................................... 4 Russia (Pol.)........ Russia (Jew)................................................................ R ussia (Pol.)........ Scotland............................................................... 1........................... 1 Russia (Pol.)........ Switzerland (Germ.)......... 1.............................................................1 Totals..................................... 1.........7 86 a k.4 Ch Il4 tx ~U ^0 C) tr I", A rr - F -r -. f, %. rIt A NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS let Gen. 2nd Gen. l1t Gen. 3rd Gen. let e. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. I I____~__(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) I 34-SCOTLAND Scotland.......... Scotland.................... Scotland......... Austria (Germ.).............. Scotland........... Austria (Boh.)............... Scotland......... Austria (Pol.)................ Scotland.......... British West Indies (Engl.). Scotland..........Canada (Eng.).............. Seotland......... Canada (French)............. Scotland........... China....................... Scotland....... Cuba (Span.)................ Scotland.......... Denmark.................... Scotland.......... England..................... Scotland........... Finland.................... Scotland........... France..................... Scotland........... Germany................... Scotland......... Germany(North)............ Scotland........... Germany (South)............. Scotland........... Greece...................... Scotland...........Holland..................... Scotland.......... Hungary (Germ.)............. Scotlndreand.... Ireland................... Scotland.......... Italy........................ Scotland.......... Italy (South)................ Scotland............ Japan...................... Scotland......... Norway.................... Scotland... Russia (Pol.)................ Scotland.......... Sweden. Scotland.......... W ales...................... Sotland........ Germany (Jew).............. Scotland.......... Holland (Jew)............... Scotland.......... Hungary (Jew)............... Scotland........... Russia (Jew)................. Scotland........ Switzerland (Gem.).......... 28(.2 1 1C................... 2 1 6 1 2 2 1......... 5................... 10......... 1......... 2 2 22......... 2 22 33 1 14.................. 2 1 9 * 1 —i a.................i.... 1............................................... 2........................... 1............................................. 1( 1 2 3 I 1.................................... 7 1 1..(.....I.........I 1 i 1.......................... 1........................... 15...................... 3 6......... I.................... 313 2 1 5 2 22 3 1 2 4 99 1 12 70 3 4 2 3 2 140 14 1 3 2 1 5 4 1 1 2 4 1 9 9 ccT Cd) 2 "I tr" S........ 1 2.... 4@.... 1................................................. 1.......... I........................................................ 1.........................I. NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rden. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen n. 3 rd Gen Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd en. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 34- SCOTLAND-Continued Scotland........... France (Jew)........................... 2................. 2........................... 2 Scotland........... Canada (Col.).............1.. I........ 1............................... Scotland........... M exico (Span.)............... 2.......................................... 2 Totals..................................... 460 83 79............ 113.................. 735 35-SPAIN pain.............. Spain....................... 102.................1..........1........ 104 Spain.............. China....................................................................... 1 Spain.............. Cuba (Span.)........................................................................ 6 Spain.............. England.................................................................. Spain.............. France.................... 3 Spain.............. ermany.................... 1....................... 2.......................... 4 Spain.............. Germany (South)..................... 1 Spain.............. Ireland..................... 1......... 1........ 1........................... 4 Spain.............. Italy.............................. 2.................................................. 3 Spain.............. Italy (North)....................................................... 2 Spain.............. Italy (South)......................... 5 Spain.............. Japan.......................... 1.............. Spain.............. Mexico (Span.)................. 3. Spain.............. Porto Rico (Span.)........... 1 Spain.............. Scotland.................... 1..................................................................... Spain.............. Turkey..................................................................... Spain.............. G erm any (Jew )................................................................................... Spain.............. Russia (Jew)................. 1.................................... Spain.............. Australia (Engl.).............................. 1..................1................ Totals..................................... 134 1 6............................. 146,S, 7 3 kq,q 11 -%11 Sweden............ Sweden..................... Sweden........... Armenia..................... Sweden............ Austria (Germ.).............. Sweden............ Austria (Pol.)................ Sweden............ British West Indies (Engl.).... 36-SWEDEN 681 17 16................ 10......................... 1..................................................................... 2........................................................................ 2. 724 1 3 1 2 0 5T * + -, NATIONALITY GENERATION est Gen. st Gen. 2ndGen. 2nt Gen. 3rGen Gen. erd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with wi with with TOTALS 1st Gen 2ndGen. l2 t Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 36-SWEDEN-Continued Sweden............ Canada (Engl.).............. 1 2.............................................. 6 Sweden............ Canada (French)...........1....................................... 1......................... 1 Sweden............ Denmark.................... 20............................................................... 20 Sweden........... England..................... 47 5 3................ 7...... 7.................... 62 Sweden........... Finland................... 10.............................................................. 11 Sweden........... France..................... 6........................................... 7 Sweden............ Germ any.................... 31 23 5.................. 32........................... 91 Sweden............ Germany (North)........................................................ 9 Sweden............ Germany (South)............. 10 1....................................................11 Sweden............ Greece...................... 5....................................................................... 5 Sweden............ Holland..................... 6 1.............................................................. 7 Sweden............ Hungary (Germ.)................ 2................................................................. 2 Sweden............ Ireland.................. 20 13 5.................. 9.................. 47 Sweden............ Italy....................... 10 2.................. 3........................... 15 Sweden........... Italy (North)................ 2.......................................................2......... 2 Sweden............ Italy (South)................ 1........1................................................ 2 Sweden............ Japan...................................... 2 Sweden........... Mexico (Span.)............... 1................................................................ 1 Sweden............ Norway................... 24 2 2........... 1.........1.................. 29 Sweden............ Porto Rico (Span.)............................................ 1 Sweden............ Portugal....1............................................................ 1 Sweden............ Russia (Pol.)................ 3......... 1................................................ 4 Sweden............ Scotland............ 24 1 2................................... 28 Sweden............ 2Spain........ 2....................................................................2 Sweden........... Switzerland (French......................................................... 2 Sweden............ Switzerland (Germ.).......... 1 1................................................ 2 Sweden........... Syria..1.................................. 1 Sweden............Wal.....................................1...................................... Sweden............ United States (Col.)................................................ 1 Sweden............ Germany (Jew)............................... 1.................. 1.......................... 2 Sweden............ Russia (Jew)............1.. 1.......................... 2 4 Sweden........... Brazil.................................................................................... I Totals.............................................. 1........................... 1111 '-4 19 -2 4 '-I V4 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. lst Gen. 2nd Gen. t e. 3r1st G. 3 2nd Gen. 2nd en. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 37-SWITZERLAND (GERM.) Switzerland (Germ.). Switzerland (Germ.).......... 103 3 8.................. 2...................... 116 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Germ.).......................................................................... 8 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Boh.)....................3...... 1................................ 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Ital.)...................................................1.................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Austria (Pol.)................................ 1.................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). British West Indies (Col.).....1.................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Belgium.....................................................................................1 Switzerland (Germ.). Canada (Engl.).............. 2 1.......................... 1........................... 4 Switzerland (Germ.). Denmark.................... 4 1............................................................. 5 Switzerland (Germ ). England..................... 7 1 1.................. 6........................ 15 Switzerland (Germ.). Finland......................1................................................................ 1 Switzerland (Germ.). France................... 13......... 1.................................................... 14 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany.....2............ 26 14 8.............. 25.......................... 73 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany (North)............ 8......... 4................................................ 12 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany (South)............. 25 1 1.................. 1........................... 28 Switzerland (Germ.). Holland............................. 1........................................ 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Hungary (Germ.) I...................................1........................................ 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Hungary (81.)................. 1.................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Ireland...................... 3 3 2.................. 17.......................... 25 Switzerland (Germ.). Italy........................ 2 1.......................................................... 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Italy (South)..............1................... 1.............................................. 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Japan..2...................................................................... 2 Switzerland (Germ.). Mexico (Span.).................1....................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Porto Rico (Span.)........................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Russia (Pol.).................................................................................... 11 Switzerland (Germ.). Scotland.................... 1 3 4.................. 3......................... 6 Switzerland (Germ.). Sweden............................... 1................................................... 3 Switzerland (Germ.). Switzerland (French).......................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Turkey....1...................1.......................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Germany (Jew)...................................................................... 1 Switzerland (Germ.). Hungary (Jew) 1....................................................................... Totals..................................... 226 28 34.............7......................34 1-4 ~til CU til C) -. +...f * NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. Ist Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gn. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 38-SWITZERLAND (FRENCH) Swits. (French)..... Switzerland (French)................................................................................ Swits. (French)..... Belgium..................... 1.......................................................................1 Switz. (French)..... Canada (Engl.)........................... 1........................................ Switz. (French)..... France..................... 20............................... I...........21 Switz. (French)..... Ireland............................................................... 1 Switz. (French)..... Italy (South).................................................................................... 1 Switz. (French)..... Luxemburg.................. 1............................................................ 1 Switz. (French)..... Switzerland (Germ.).......... 1........................................................................ Switz. (French)..... Syria..................... 1.................................... 1 Totals..................................... 32...................................34 39-SW ITZERLAND (ITAL.) Switzerland (Ital.)...... Switzerland (Ital.)............ 6......... 1..........................................1......... 7 Switzerland (Ital.)... Hungary (Germ.).............................................................. 1 Switzerland (Ital.)... Italy......................... 11........................................................ 11 Switzerland (Ital.)...... Italy (South)................. 2...................................................... 2 Switzerland (Ital.)... Switzerland (Germ.)............................ I.................................... 1 Switzerland (Ital.)... Australia (Engl.)........................................................... 1 Totals..................................... 2.......3. 1............~............... 2 40-SYRIA Syriayriria....................... 71......... 1...................................................... 72 Syria.............. Canada (French)............. 1........................................................................ 1 Syria.............. Italy (South)......I............................... 1 Syria.............. Spain........................ I............... 1 Totals.............................4........................................ 1....... 75 C-) -I tt";h IV NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Ge. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 41-TURKEY Turkey............. Turkey...................... 99........................................................................ 99 Turkey............. Germany (South)............. 11.................................................. 1 Turkey............. Persia.................................................................................... T otals.................................01...................................................................... 101 42-UNITED STATES United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States...... United States...... United States...... United States...... United States....... United States...... United States....... United States....... United States...... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States................ Australia (Engl.)............. Austria (Germ.).............. Armenia..................... Argentina................... Austria (Boh.)............... Austria (Pol.)............... Brazil....................... British West Indies (Col.)..... British West Indies (Engl.).... Belgium..................... Bolivia...................... Bulgaria..................... Canada (French)............. Chile....................... China....................... Colombia (Span.)........ Cuba (Span.)................ Denmark.................... England..................... Equador................... Egypt....................... Finland..................... Germany (South)............. Germany (North)............ 3 26 6 6 18 4 2.................. 1E.................. i 11 1......... 1.... 9542...............................................................i......... 2 1.................. 2.............................................................................................................................. i.................................... 1 23 1 5 1 13 22 419 1 3 1 106 69................................... 9542 3 44 6 1 15 29 4 2 27 3 1 1 38 1 8 1 16 50 797 1 3 5 114 82................................... 3 28 378 4 8 13 00 z 119 tri cu 2Z 30 tvi 9, til kld (Z r — We W~ It tv t NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. Id iGn. 2nd Gen. 3rd oen. rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP), (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __________(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 42-UNITED STATES-Continued United States....... United States....... United States..... United States....... United States..... United States....... United States....... United States...... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States..... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States..... United States...... United States....... United States....... United States....... United States...... United States..... United States....... United States...... United States....... United States...... United States....... United States....... United States....... Germany.................... Greece...................... Holland..................... Hungary (S.)................ Hungary (Germ.)............. Hungary (Hung.)............. India....................... Ireland...................... Italy....................... Italy (North)................ Italy (South)................ Japan....................... Mexico (Span.)............... Norway..................... Portugal.................... Russia (Pol.)................ Scotland.................... Spain....................... Sweden..................... Switzerland (Germ.).......... Switzerland (French)......... Porto Rico (Span.)........... Porto Rico (Col.)............. Turkey..................... Venezuela (Span.)............ Wales....................... Australia (Jew):............. Austria (Jew)................ Canada (Jew)................ England (Jew)............... France (Jew)................ Germany (Jew).............. 256 21 19 2 3 2 364 105 49 56 5 6 21 2 9 118 16 59 32 3 6 1 5 2 9 1 1 l 1674 13 1581 115 149 7 36 35 23 9........... 1930 21 32 10 2 3 * 2 1945 223 59 58 5 6 39 3 12 267 23 95 67 3 6 1 5 2 32 1 20 1 1 1 48 CA) CA) fcn C,' C) 9 00 'IO trj 04 00 W,.;:::::::::l:::::::::l:::::::::I.......... 1.1.1.1..11 '.1.1.1...."...'.,. I...............7..1.1..........,1 41......... 41......... NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st en. st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen.3rd Gen 2d Gen. 2nd Gen. 3d Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOrAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 42-UNITED STATES-Continued United States...... Holland (Jew)..........1.......................................... 1 United States...... Hungary (Jew)....................................................................... 6 United States....... Portugal (Jew)...................................... 1 United States....... Rumania (Jew)............................................................................. 1 United States...... Russia (Jew)................. 8.5.................................. 23 United States...... Turkey (Jew)...................................................1..................... United States...... United States (Jew)...................................................... 19 19 United States...... United States (Col.)........................................................... 11 Totals..........49 97 1.........................973 95 9572 16140 43-UNITED STATES (COL.) United States (Col.). United States (Col.)...........................................................2194 2194 United States (Col.). Canada (Engl.)...................................................... 1....... 3 United States (Col.). United States................................................................ United States (Col.). Spain............................ i.................1 1 United States (Col.). British West Indies (Col.)....., I........................... 219.................. 8. 227 United States (Col.). Canada (Col.).............................................. 9 United States....... Cuba (Col.)................................................. 4......... 23 United States (Col.). Danish West Indies (Col.)....................... 18................................... 18 United States (Col.). Haiti (Col.).1........................................................... 1 United States (Col.). India.1..........................1............................. Totals................................... 270..........19.27..... 18 2195 2483 0-4 00 4 9 til aa til t;j tri =I. 44-WALES Wales..............Wales....................... 23 1 2 3 Wales.............. Canada (Engl.).......................................................... Wales.............. Denmark................... 1......... 1................................... Wales............. England.................... 3 1 1.......................... W ales.............. erm an.............................................. 3......... W ales.............. reece........................................................................................... 29 1 2 7 8 1 r - W -A 6 *, **v.4 ' ^r v NATIONALITY GENERATION let Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gm. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. lot Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __________________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) I (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 44-WALES-Coxtinued W ales............. Ireland...................... 3 4 1.................. 4........................... 12 W ales.............. Scotland.................... 3......... 2...................................................... 5 Totals..................................... 33 111 8............. 1. I.. I65 45-AUSTRIA (JEW) Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)............... 4465 31 60.................. 56........................... 4612 Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Germ.)....................... 1............................................................... 1 Austria (Jew)....... Austria (Boh.)........................................................... 2........... 2 Austria (Jew)....... England..................... 2........................... 1.............. 3 Austria (Jew)....... Germany.................... 6 3 1.................. 6........................... 16 Austria (Jew)....... Germ any (South)............. 3........................................................................ 3 Austria (Jew)....... Greece...................... 1........................................................................ 1 Austria (Jew)....... H ungary (Sl)................ 1........................................................................ 1 Austria (Jew)....... Ireland...................... 2 2........................... 5............... 9 Austria(Jew)....... Italy........................ 4 2........................... 2............... 8 Austria (Jew)....... Italy (North)................ 2........................................................................ 2 Austria (Jew)....... Italy (South)................ 6......... 2.................. 1.............. 9 Austria (Jew)....... Russia (Pol.).............................................................. 1........................... I Austria (Jew )....... Scotland............................. 1............................................................... I Austria (Jew )....... W ales....................... 1........................................................................ 1 Austria (Jew)....... United States........................................... 11.................. 13...... 24 Austria (Jew)....... Bulgaria (Jew)............... 3........................................................................ 3 Austria (Jew)....... England (Jew)............... 12 3 5.................. 10........................... 30 Austria (Jew)....... France (Jew)................ 3......... 1.................. 6.............. 10 Austria (Jew)....... Germany (Jew).............. 82 28 26.................. 91........................... 227 Austria (Jew)....... Holland (Jew)............... 11 1 1.................. I........................... 14 Austria (Jew)....... Hungary (Jew)............... 125 9 22.................. 22........................... 178 Austria (Jew)....... Rumania (Jew).............. 195 1 15.................. 4........................... 215 Austria (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)................. 1434 45 181................. 141........................... 1801 Austria (Jew )....... Spain......................................... 1...................................................... 1 Austria (Jew)....... Sweden..................... 2...........................1..................................... 3 Austria (Jew)....... Turkey (Jew).............. 3..................................................... 3 Austria (Jew)....... United States (Jew)..........48.............................38.................. 86 Totals..................................... 63631 127 315 _ 9.......... 350 __ 51..........5....... 7265 C.?) I -00 tN IV MV 00 Cjrx NATIONALITY GENERATION Ist Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 46-ENGLAND (JEW) England (Jew)...... England (Jew).............. 10........ 2..4... 1.................. 16 England (Jew)...... Canada (French)...................... 1............................................................... 1 England (Jew )...... England..................... 1........................................................................1 England (Jew)...... Italy........................ 1............................. I......... 2 England (Jew)......Italy (South)................... 1 England (Jew)...... United States......................................................................................1 England (Jew)...... Austria (Jew)................ 8 2 8................. 11........................... 29 England (Jew)...... Bulgaria (Jew)................................. 1......................................................1 England (Jew)...... Germany (Jew).............. 1 4 2................. 37........................ 44 England (Jew)...... Holland (Jew)..............1......... 1............................ 1........................... 2 England (Jew)...... Hungary Jew)............... 1...................3.......................................... 3 England (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew)................................ 1.................. 1..................1......... 2 England (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)................ 30 4 13.................. 20........................... 67 England (Jew)...... United States (Jew)...................................... 7.........1.........2.................. 19 England (Jew)...... Canada (Jew)................ 1.................. 1.................................... England (Jew)...... Sweden (Jew)............................................. 1........................... Totals..................................... 53 12 28 7......... 78 13................ 191 47-FRANCE (JEW) France (Jew)....... France (Jew)........................... I............................................ 1 France (Jew)....... France......................1.......................................... 1 France (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)................ 2 1.........3........................... 3 France (Jew)...... England (Jew)..................................................................... 3 France (Jew)....... Germany (Jew)....................... 3 5.................. 13........................... 21 France (Jew)....... Hungary (Jew)......................... 1 2.................. 1.......................... 4 France (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)..........1.4....... 4........... 3.................. 8 France (Jew )....... Turkey (Jew )................ 1........................................................................ France (Jew)....... United States (Jew)............................................... 2.................. 4 Totals.................................4 11 2.......... 20 2.................. 48 00 03\ 119 tll tCli Nl 0Z 9u NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. rd Gen. 2d Gen. 2d Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ___________(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ CA) WA 48-GERMANY (JEW) 1171 611..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).... Germany {Jew).... Germany (Jevw)..... Germany (Jew).............. Austria (Ital.)................ China....................... England..................... Germany.................... Ireland...................... [taly........................ [taly (South)................ Scotland..................... Austria (Jew)................ Canada (Jew)................ England Jew)............... France (Jew)................ Holland (Jew)............... Hungary (Jew)............... Russia (Jew)................. Turkey (Jew)................ United States (Jew).......... Rumania (Jew).............. United States................ Denmark (Jew).............. Palestine (Jew)............... 213 2 1......... 5 2 3 44 101 7.......... 3291......... I.........I........................................................................ c......... f 21 25....................................I.............................. t I 1 6 2 1..................................................... 1...................................................... 71.................. 69.................................... 14 4 31 36 141 1................. i 24 9 6 33 101........ i........ i 720 2 1 4 2 9 8 3 1 227 1 49 16 12 117 368 2 112 20 18 1 1.................. 97 15 Totals..........................................:. 1694 49-HOLLAND (JEW) Hollaid (Jew).. Austria (Jew)......11.......................................................... 2 Holland (Jew)...... England (Jew).................................................................. 4 Holland (Jew) Holland (Jew)............... 6 1 2......... 1........................10 Holland (Jew ew )............... 2 1 4......... 1.......................... 8 H olland (Jew )......IRum ani (Jew ).................. 2........................................................................ 2 Houland (Jew)............................................................... 4 Totals...1.......................4..................' 132 7 1 30 00 -IT NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen 2nd Gen 1st Gen. 3sd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Geen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 60-HUNGARY (JEW) Hungary (Jew)....Hungary (Jew).........u..... 27 73.......... 1......... 26............................1.555 Hungary (Jew)...... Austria (Germ.)............. 15.......................................................................15 Hungary (Jew)...... Austria (Ital.).............................................................. 1 Hungary (Jew)...... British West Indies (Engl.)....1.................................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... Canada (Engl.)................................................................ 1 Hungary (Jew)...... Denmark................... 1.................................................. 1 Hungary (Jew)...... England.................... 3......... 3.................. 1........................... 7 Hungary (Jew)...... Finland.................................................................................. 1 Hungary (Jew)...... France...................... 1 1 1................................................ 3 Hungary (Jew)...... Germany.................. 5 2...................................................... 7 Hungary (Jew)....'. Germ any (North)............ 2....................................................................... 2 Hungary (Jew)...... Greece...................... 2.................................................... 2 Hungary (Jew)...... Holland..................... 3..................................................................... 3 Hungary (Jew)...... Ireland......2................ 1.................................... 2 Hungary (Jew) taly 4.....taly................... 4............................................................13 Hungary (Jew)...... Italy.(South)................. 8...........................................................8 Hungary (Jew)...... Norway..................... 1..................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... Portugal.................... 1.............................................. 1 Hungary (Jew) cotand...... Scotland................... 1........................................................ 3 Hungary (Jew)...... Servia....................... 1..................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... United States.......................................... 7................. 6..................13 Hungary (Jew)...... Wales..................... 1....................................................................1 Hungary (Jew)...... Austria (Jew)................ 328 16 32................. 22................... 398 Hungary (Jew)...... Bulgaria (Jew)....................................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... England (Jew)............... 4 2........................... 5......................... 11 Hungary (Jew)...... Holland (Jew).............. 2.......... 1................................................ 3 Hungary (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew).............. 36......... 13.................. 2.........................51 Hungary (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)................. 283 27 57.................. 43...........................410 Hungary (Jew)...... Turkey (Jew)................ 1....................................................................... 1 Hungary (Jew)...... United States (Jew)..................................... 24.................. 19................43 Hungary (Jew)...... United States (Col.).......................................................................1 Hungary (Jew)...... Germany (Jew).............. 65 31 15.. 37............................ 148 Totals..................................... 2208 110 18 32........ 136 25. 709 9 0 9 ^0 p ~0 r'" W, *^ B NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gn. st Gen. Gen. 1st Gen. d n.nd Gn. 2nd Gen 3rd n. Gen. 3rd n. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gn. IstGen. 3rd Gen. st Gn. 2ndGen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. rd Gen _____ _(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 51-RUMANIA (JEW) Rumania (Jew)..... Rumania (Jew).............. 769 2 6.......3......... 3......................... 780 Rumania (Jew)..... England..................................................... 1........................... 2 Rumania (Jew)..... aly........................................... 1.......................... 2 Rumania (Jew)..... Austria (Jew)................154 5 10.................. 174 Rumania (Jew)..... Germany (Jew).............. 5............. 5.......... 18 Rumania (Jew)..... Hungary (Jew)............... 19 1.......................... 3........................... 23 Rumania (Jew)..... Russia (Jew)................. 379 9 25 20........................ 433 Rumania (Jew)..... Turkey (Jew)............... 4......................................................................... 4 Rumania (Jew)..... United States (Jew)..................................... 7...................................... 7 Rumania (Jew)..... Palestine (Jew).............. 3.............................................. 3 Rumania (Jew)..... Scotland (Jew)........................................... 1 Totals..................................... 1338 22 42 10......... 38........1450 52-RUSSIA (JEW) 1-3 9 t.lb t4 abl 'IV 'IV Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)........ Russia (Jew)................. Austria (Germ.).............. Austria (Boh.)............... Belgium..................... Canada (Engl.).............. China...................... Denmark.................... England..................... France...................... Germany................... Greece.................... Ireland...................... Italy....................... Italy (North)................ Italy (South)................ Russia (Pol.)................. Spain...................... 1451C 1......... 1 4 i IE 328 1 1 6......... 7 I 777 1 1 4......................................................I.................................... 455......... ' ' '1 8 8 8 16070 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 8 20 8 37 4 16 1 I 4 3 1 10................................ 6..................:: NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st en. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Ge e n. 21den. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 52-RUSSIA (JEW)-Continued Russia (Jew)........ Sweden.................................................................................. 1 Russia (Jew)........ Syria.................1.............................................. Russia (Jew)........ United States........................................... 14................. 12.................. 26 Russia (Jew)........ Austria (Jew)................ 876 44 133.................. 77.......................... 1130 Russia (Jew)....... Bulgari (Jew)............... 1...................................................... 1 Russia (Jew)........ England (Jew)............... 28 7 13.........1......... 16........................... 64 Russia (Jew)....... France (Jew)...............2 2.......4.............................................. 4 Russia (Jew)........ Germany (Jew)............. 74 69 26.................. 103.................. 272 Russia (Jew)........ Hungary (Jew)............... 82 25 30.................. 30....................... 167 Russia (Jew)........ Rumania (Jew).............. 245 8 29.........2......... 15........................... 97 Russia (Jew)........ Turkey (Jew)..........1.. 12....... 1............1...................... 13 Russia (Jew)........ United States (Jew)..........1......... 09.................. 109.................. 178 Russia (Jew)........ olland (Jew)............... 4 3 1............. 3........................... 11 Russia (Jew)........ Canada (Jew)................ 1 1.........1.........1......... 1........................ 3 Russia (Jew)........ Luxemburg (Jew)..................... 1.......................................... 1 R ussia (Jew )........ M orocco (Jew).......................................................................... I Russia (Jew)........ Palestine (Jew).............. 2............................................................... Russia (Jew)........ Spain (Jew).................. 1............................1........ 1......................... 2 R ussia (Jew )........ Sweden (Jew ).............3... I......... 3...................................................... 4 Totals..................................... 15883 507 1037 123 726 81......... 72 81..............18357 53-TURKEY (JEW) Turkey (Jew)....... Turkey (Jew)................ 166........................................................................ 166 Turkey (Jew)....... Greece.............................................. 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)................ 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Bulgaria (Jew)....................................... 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Germany (Jew)...... I.1.............................. 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Rum ania (Jew).............. 1........................................................................ 1 Turkey (Jew)....... Russia (Jew)...................................... 6 Turkey (Jew)....... Palestine....... (Jew).1........................................................................ 1 Totals..............................177 1................................ 178 Ili I,< 0e ou pil C') I -t " NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. Ist Gen. 3rd Gen. 2rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with. with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. __(FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) ___ 54-UNITED STATES (JEW) United States (Jew).. United States (Jew)........................................................... 15555 United States (Jew).. British W est Indies (Engl.)........................................ 1................................... 1 United States (Jew).. France.......................................1........................... 1 United States (Jew).. Germany...................................... 4.... 4 United States (Jew).. Ireland...................................................................... 2 United States (Jew).. Italy ( t........................................................................... 5 United States (Jew).. Italy (North).................................................... I.................................. 1 United States (Jew).. United States.................................... 14 14 " United States (Jew).. Austria (Jew).................................................... 76......... 132 United States (Jew).. ngland (Jew)................................................. 10.................. 16....... 26 United States (Jew).. France (Jew)................................................... 4.................. 5......... United States (Jew).. Germa (Jew)................................................. 51.................. 151......... 202 United States (Jew).. Hungary (Jew)..................................................................... 71 United States....... Rumania (Jew)......................... 17.................. 2......... 19 United States (Jew).. Russia (Jew)...........................................61......... 619......... 130 United States (Jew).. Holland (Jew)................................................... 3........11......... 14 United States (Jew)... Honduras....................................................................................... 1 Totals.......................................................... 342.1....... 787 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen.lIt Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen.2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP)(NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. let Gen. 3rd Gen. lst Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. ______________________ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP)(NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP)(NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)____ 55-MARRIAGES OF WOMEN OF VARIOUS NATIONALITIES, FIRST AND SECOND GENERATIONS, TO MEN NATIVE-BORN OF NATIVE PARENTS (UNITED STATES) Austria (Boh.)...... United States........................................... 20.................. 29.................. 49 Austria (Germ.)..... United States........................................... 31.................. 18.................. 49 Austria (Pol.)....... United States........................................... 37............. 31.................. 68 B. W. I. (Engl.)..... United States.......................................... 8............................................ 8 Belgium............ United States..........................................6................. 2.............. 8 Canada (EngL.)..... United States........................................... 152.................. 126.................. 278 Canada (French).... United States........................................... 11.................. 18.................. 29 Cuba (Span.)....... United States.......................................... 10................. 7.................. 17 Denmark...........United States........................................... 25.................. 24.................. 49 England............ United States........................................... 264.................. 417.................. 681 Finland............ United States.......................................... 17..................6.................. 23 France............. United States........................................... 43.................. 81.................. 124 Germany........... United States.......................................... 193.................. 1489.................. 1682 Germany (North)... United States........................................... 44.................. 13.................. 57 Germany (South).... United States........................................... 78..................6.................. 84 Holland......... United States........................................... 6................. 20.................. 26 H ungary (Germ.).... United States........................................... 10..................1.................. 11 H ungary (81.)....... United States........................................... 29..................6.................. 35 Ireland............. United States.......................................... 694.................. 1662.................. 2356 Italy............... United States.......................................... 34.................. 83.................. 117 Italy (N orth)....... United States............................................ 8.................................... 9 Italy (South)....... United States........................................... 14..................4.................. 18 N orway............ United States......................................... 26................. 17.................. 43 Portugal........... United States......................................................................1.................. 1 Russia (Pol.)........ United States........................................... 6.................. 9.................. 15 Scotland........... U nited States........................................... 124.................. 157.................. 281 Spain.............. U nited States........................................... 5..................9.................. 14 Sweden............ United States.......................................... 7................. 53.................. 123 Switzerland (Germ.). United States...................................... 20............. 49.................. 69 W ales.............. United States........................................... 9........... 16.................. 25 T otals................................................................ 1994.................. 4355.................. 6349 Grand Total................................ 57383 3348 6091 2345 2723 8514 4697 4628 12038 101767 0-( ZI S3 gZ 4S ^b It q) si t;2 to 'V N ' XF 1 ' ~ ' 1* r - f- f - ^ - - — ^!~- 4 - I — - - "a - r, -. TABLE VI Groups Represented by less than 10 Cases. NATIONALITY GENERATION lst-Gen. Ist-Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. r Gen. 2nd-Gen. 2nd Gen, 3r Gen 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP)' (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBN-P) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NB-P) (NBFP) (NBNP) 56-ALGERIA Algeria........ Spain..................2 Totals................................................................................. 2 57-ARGENTINA Argentina.......... Germany............................. 1................................................. 1 58-AUSTRALA (ENGL.) Australia (Engl.).... Germany (North).............................I...................................................... Totals........................................................................ 5 —BULGARIA Bulariaulgaria................. 1............... 1g................................... 1 Bulgaria............ Turkey...................................................................... 1 Totals.........................................1-...................... 2 60-CHILE Chile.............. France................................................................... 1........................... 1 T otals............................. 1........................ 61-CHINA China........Chin...1...... C1h1:... 2........1.............. 1 8 Totals.............................................. 51.................. 1I 2 8 C, a tgj NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gaer 2d Gen.2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 62-COLOMBIA (SPAN.) Colombia (Span.)... Colombia (Span.)............ 1...................................................................... 1 T ot ls............................................................. 63-COREA Corea.............. Corea...................... 11................................. 1 Totals........................................................... 64-DALMATIA Dalmatia..................... 3.......................I................... 3 Totals......... 3.. 3.......................... 65-EGYPT Egypt........... Turkey.................... 1..........Egyp t.t............................................................ --— 1 — Totals..................................... 2..................2.............. 2 2 66-EQUADOR Equador........... Equador................... I.................................-... Totals........................................................................................................ 1 67-GUATEMALA T otals............................ 1........................................................................ 1 9 3t~ ~0 a."I 0~ ~U pq 11~ '. *. GENERATION CW, L 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen.2d en. nd e en. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (BFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) with with with with with i with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd en. 3rd Gen. (FBFP). (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 68-HAITI (COL) Haiti (Col.)......... United States (Col.)..................................................1.........I 21................. 2 Totals.........1......................................... 2 69-JAPAN Japan.............. Japn....................... 8.............J.......................................................... 8 Totals............................................... 8 70-LUXEMBURG Luxemburg......... Luxemburg.................. 1......................................................... 1 Luxemburg......... Belgium.............................................................. Luxemburg.........Frnce 1................................ 1 Luxemburg......... Holland.................................................. Luxemburg......... Italy..................................................... Luxemburg......... Spain........ 1............................................................. Luxemburg......... Sweden................. 1..................................................... Totals.................................................................... 71-MEXICO (SPAN.) Mexico (Span.)...... Mexico (Span.).................................................... 3 Mexico (Span.)....................... J.................... 1 M exico (Span.)...... Spain....................... 1................................................. 1 Totals.1.........L.................. 5 72-MONTENEGRO Montenegro...................Montenegro................ 1 T O tW S.:..............................................................................1 C-n 111:hl a10 GENERATION 1st Gen. t Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd en. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) 73-PHLIUPPINE ISLANDS Philippine Islands... Philippine Islands........... 1I.................................................. 1 T otals.................................................................................................. 1 74-PORTO RICO (COL.) Porto Rico (Col.).... British W est Indies (Col.)........................................................................... 2 Porto Rico (Col.).... United States (Col.)..................................... 1.......................................... 1 Porto Rico (Col.).... Cuba (Col.).......... 2........................... Totals.................................................................................... 5 75-PORTUGAL Portugal........... Porugal..........2... 2....................... 2 Portugal........... Canada (Engl.)........................... Portugal.......... Germany..1......................... 1 Portugal........... Ireland................................................................... 1........................... 1 Portugal........... Spain. 11...................... 1 Portugal........... Russia (Jew).................1....................... 1 Totals................................. 4 1........................... 2....................... 7 76-SERVIA Servia............. Sweden.........1 1.......................................................... 1 Totals...................................................1....................... 1 ru "u 0 q):9 00 00 * Al -a "~ NATIONALITY. GENERATION Ist Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2n Ge. 2nd Ge. 3rd Gmn 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WoMAN MAN with with with with with with with jwith with ToIALs 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. _______ (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP) %0 hs 77-VENEZUELA (SPAN.) Venezuela (Span.)... Cua (Span.).......................................................................................... Venezuela (Span.)... Franoe 1............... I........................................................... Venezuela (Span.)... German y.................... 1........................................... Venezuela (Span.)... Germ any (N orth).............................. 1...................................................... Venezuela (Span.)... ermelan y (North).......................................................................................... Venezuela (Span.... Ireland.. i~in;-iiii!.........I': 1 1 2 1 1 Totals..................................... 41................ 21........................ 78-AUSTRALIA (JEW) Australia (Jew).....Rusia (Jew)................. 2....................................... 2 T otals................................................................................. 2.......................... 2 79-CANADA (JEW) Canada (Jew)....... Austria (Jew)................... 1 Canada (Jew)....... Germany (Jew)........................................................................... 2 Canada (Jew).......ungary (Jew).1 Canada (Jew)....... lUnited Statgary (Jew).................................................................................. 1 Canada (Jew).nt St....... 1e t....................... 1.... 1 Totals................................ 5 80 —BULGARIA (JEW) Bulgaria (Jew)...... Bulgaria (Jew).......................................................... 3 Bulgaria (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew).............. 1................................... 1 Bulgaria (Jew)...... IRussia (Jew)......... 1................... 1 Bularia (Jew)...... Turkey (Jew)................ 1......... 1............................................................... 1 Totals........................... 1|1|......... 6 9 (1) 9 -3 a t41 4,I ttrl 6~1 I-4 NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTALS 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2ndGen. 3rd Gen. (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)_ 81-FINLAND (JEW) maTotas... 1 1-1 1 1 1.1.1.1.. Finland (Jew)....... |Rumania (Jew)................................................................ 1 Totals.................................... 1..................................................................... 82-PALESTINE (JEW) Palestine (Jew)...... Rumania (Jew).............. 2................................................................ 2 Palestine (Jew)...... Russia (Jew)...............1.........1............................................ Totals................................................................................................... 3 83-SCOTLAND (JEW) otland (Jew)...... Germany (Jew)................................................................... Totals....................................................... 1 84-SERVIA (JEW) Servia (Jew)........ Servia (Jew)-................. 1........i........................... E..............................W 1,....... ----- = - ---- I ---- I T otals..................................... 1................................................................. 1 85-SPAIN (JEW) Spain (Jew)......... Austria (Jew)............................................. T otals.................................................................... N-N ~44 '0 Oz N" 86-SWEDEN (JEW) Sweden (Jew).......[Germany (Jew)................................................ Sweden (Jew).......... u i(Jew)....................::.:::::::..:: 1::.:::.:::.:::::::. 1.:: 1 QO 2 O Totals......~.. I......................... II..........I.........I1.........I......... I 21..........I.........i.........1 ~ 3 I -- f I NATIONALITY GENERATION 1st Gen. st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. r n. Ct (FBFP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBNP) 9 WOMAN MAN with with with with with with with with with TOTAL S a 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 1st Gen. 3rd Gen. 1st Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 2nd Gen. 3rd Gen. 9 (FBFP) (NBFP) (FBFP) (NBNP) (FBFP) (NBFP) (NBNP) (NBFP) (NBNP)___ 87-SWITZERLAND (JEW) Switzerland (Jew)... England (Jew)................................................ 1 I Switzerland (Jew)... Germany (Jew)............ 1............................... 1......... 2 Switzerland (Jew)... Hungary (Jew).......................... 1............................................ Switzerland (Jew)... Russ (Jew)................. 1 1 2...................................................... 4 Totals......................................... 1..................... 8 88-VENEZUELA (JEW) t Veneuela Jew)..... United States (Jew)...........................1.....................1......... 1 1.. Totaelsn (Jew......................................................................... 1 Totals for groups reprsentd by less than 10 ases 67 4 10 2......... 13 3................. 99 Totals for all group....................... 7448 350 103 2345 272 8519 467 428 12038 101854 -- 200 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY table - VI I pmzruu or MMU"I 19 t 1w MM aMTj2&PTQj 07M [35:2 0 L A. S S Mw Mesa Class lass G~aa Clafs Class C ass Class u r ~VIz vxt-z Ii DNsMW* of norsass of Inoreass of norsass of Increaes of Increase of inureass of incrocad of Decrease of o%19.%.9% 99.-4"9% -O%699.9% TOC%.49.9% 1CCC%-249.9% IS00%-2A99.9% SSCC%4000% 1OC%-l99.9 M4C0" K La N BI N _ Gsiany (North) __ RollandI Raland (Jew) I *oueend(JOIN) a Camsi (lagi.) ~ Cuba. (sea) 8DitzerlaMd(er. I Wales Austria - - - - - - - - - I- - 1 SeoctaaAI- - d. - - - - sated)t Ir s s — - - - - - Ireland Blous,0 Italy (N.)I Italy (3o.) ote)x Iutral (Jewt xose)i Aatwlia (Jew)II Rssolani,(Jew)D _ _ _ _ - - - - — W.I. - - - - 1 353] STATISTICAL APPENDIX 201 TABLE XIII PROPORTION OF INTERMARRIAGE AMONG MEN OF VARIOUS NATINALITIES IN NEW YORK CITY ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION AND GENERATION (1908-1912) MEN Culture lst Gener. % 2d Gener. % Level Occupation Group (FB FP) Gtal (NB FP) Grand Total Total High Professional service.................. 378 11.1 285 11.3 Commerce and trade.................. 679 19.9 674 26.6 Medi. Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits. 1175 34.4 886 34.9 ocre _______ Personal and domestic service.......... 597 17.6 103 4.1 Public service....................... 151 4.5 123 4.9 Agriclture......................... 74 2.3 20.8 LoW -- -- Transportation....................... 31.9 28 1.1 Navigation.......................... 50 1.5 14.6 Very Low Unkilled............................ 265 7.8 99 5.7,Grand Tota................... 3400 100.0 2532 100.0 202 INTERMARRIAGE IN NEW YORK CITY PSOM10 S OPF,.. IN S &D13 MM 1 X RD 2]w QCg2I OM VAZIOU3 MMWIORALITiD 1M IT IOK CiIP [354 (Barough at Manhattan and &aLio (Oaimptl fia m ure In Statratiml SouroM for Dmographio Studisa Osatar W. T., 319, Vol. 1. V. IT-III But4 by ltAr LfMIllM. BO*.) I, a.3 g a 3 I i la% o S 8 | ~ 2 ___ _ __ I _ _ ' ' II1 3 I I _I. __ I - 0 0 2. I Is I. 11 1 4 " Bl-it iiii I I I -{ b~"I N I M - - 3, SS I A "LI _ r I;3lsr i _. 1 I _ ~ '?. -- _~r,.. I 1a a s s 1 j! s i I il l! '1 I I I 41 I I I I 4 I a I!.i S I I i:"~ lu I I I fI lq I I a I I I I * v a - A t b t I I a a I '.4.44 f~ Ii f f Ca s R33 E33;if231 3 fr;3 us 13 P if3 3 3Ujii I313 S *. - if~ 3 1 r r a g i i i 3 3 1 t *! 5 a a 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3f i F S.4 a a- 4 IWO4 3 5: 3 3 3 3. 4.44 W4 4 2 0 3 _19 i ~?I ai 6g i I E i j i I I I 1 I F1 1 1 iiii ii Ci. 4 Qa4 - a S - S 4 # 0 3 3 I a 5 3 f i jI I I a jl Ii~ i ii i 1 I N I I e i ~iaii N I i I.1 1 I I II I I P j I I I 3 q 1 3 I I Z E I r a 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 a 3 1 1 I I ~ ~ I f ~ I I O I ' a P E 1 11a' C I % $ I i i NE ~ IiH 3 3 S i~ ' 8 i? '= I a I a in 3 3i ~I I ' % I Ii ' I 1 3 1 B I I i I 3 1 1 1 s a f I C I I I I a i f a B~ S % 3 31 a I - 44ilf iii '1Oi 16 Of I i1I 'i I ii3r i.4 t11 lj' d I i 1 - i ~II *4 @ 4.4B iP 5' s r 3 3 2 a 3 2 3 2 2 f 3 I 2; 3 B? I 1 51 3 3 3 1 33 g 31f8 1 a O P i 8 * l 4 5 5 '- N N I 5 a t " I l" if j ar 5 3 3 - - 1 I I i i i 11 l ii '4 EU * II 22 1 a I I t L i 1. ~~~- -c.r;. ~.,..~r.,....,,., -,.,,,,,,,.,:.;,_.... ~*1: -U-U-I --- —— IIc_l .___.~ i-.1~-~I- Lr~__3?lii --- 355] [STATISTICAL APPENDIX 203 TABLE XVI PROPORTION OF MARRIAGEABLE PERSONS IN NEW YORK CITY ACCORDING TO GENERATION 1910 (Adapted from U. S. Census, 1910, Vol. 3 Pop. Stat. p. 222, Table 16.) umber of Number of Single % Sile e % Men Woman Generation Men Grand Women Grand per 100 per 100 Total Total Women Men let Generation (Foreign white)................ 298,096 42.9 231,066 38.2 129 77 2nd Generation (Native white foreign or mixed parentage)... 257,869 37.1 243,857 40.4 105 94 3rd Generation (Native white of native parentage)............. 139,117 20.0 129,668 21.4 107 93 Grand Total...........,082 100 04,51 1000.0 TABLE XVII PROPORTION OF MARRIAGEABLE PERSONS IN MANHATTAN AND BRONX BOROUGHS IN NEW YORK CITY ACCORDING TO GENERATION-1910 (Adapted from U. S. Census, 1910, Vol. 3 Pop. Stat. p. 222, Table 16.) SINGLE MEN SINGLE WOMEN No. of No. of _____ - _ - Men Women GENERATION % Grand % Grand per 100 per 100 Manhattan Bronx Total Total Manhattan Bronx Total Total Women Men 1st Generation (Foreign born white).... 191,173 19,140 210,313 49.3 167,110 12,487 169,597 45.7 124 80 2nd Generation (Native white of foreign parentage)......................... 119,271 26,177 145,448 34.1 112,610 24,919 137,529 37.0 105 94 3rd Generation (Native white of native parentage)......................... 58,091 12,806 70,897 16.6 52,399 11,638 64,037 17.3 110 90 Grand Total..................... 36535 58,123 426,658 100.0 322,119 4,044 371,163 100.0 _ __ _ 368Z 5~= 4 e ~ o.11 4g~ ~~~ O tr1 ~0 "C) 9 '4'.n 0\ VITA Julius Drachsler, born September 5, 1889, in Northwestern Hungary, now part of the Republic of Checko-Slovakia; attended royal gymnasium at Rosenberg, 1900-1903. Came to the United States in 1903; graduated from Townsend Harris Hall High School, 1908, and from the College of the City of New York, 1912, with degree of Bachelor of Science; received certificate from New York School of Social Work in 1914; M. A. in sociology from Columbia University, in 1915. Entered the field of social service in 1913; assistant secretary of the Jewish Big Brother Association, 1913-1915; secretary of the Faculty of The School for Jewish Communal Work, 1915-1918; assistant executive director of the Bureau of Jewish Social Research, 1918-1919; during the latter part of the war served as special expert and assistant executive director of the New York office of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance. Lecturer on immigration and problems of race fusion, in New York Training School for Community Workers, 1918; lecturer in Sociology, College of the City of New York, 1920; assistant professor of economics and sociology in Smith College, Northampton, Mass., September, 1919 4 -sY I / \ * t /.,, ', " E'.'_ THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE r APR 1 8 1995 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 915 0263 0 r%.o! I F*W by e- 0991