A CONCORDANCE TO THB CONSTITUTION OF THE U NITED STATES OF AMERICA; WITH A CLASSIFIED INDEX, AND Q UESTIONS FOR ED UCA TIONA L PURPOSES: BY CHARLES W: STEARNS, M.D. Jubente populo, ordinata erat in duodecim tabulis tota justitia. Fiorus, I, 24. Civitates aut condere novas, aut conservare jam conditas. Cicero, Rep. x, 7. NEW YORK: POOLE & MACLAUCHLAN, PRINTERS, 205-213 EAST TWELFTH STREET. I872. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year I872, by CHARLES W. STEARNS, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE.......................................... V CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES........ I CLASSIFIED INDEX............................... 23 I. THE PEOPLE.-Citizenship, Representation, Naturalization; Their Liberties; Service, Slavery................... 23-27 II. THE CONGRESS.-Their Powers, Duties, Privileges, Prohibitions; The Senate and Senators; The House of Representatives and Members; Legislation, its Forms and Limitations................................... 28-41 III. THE PRESIDENT. —His Duties, Powers, and Liability; The Vice-President................................... 42-46 IV. PUBLIC JUSTICE.-Jurisdiction and the Laws; The Courts; Trials, Punishment............................... 46-52 V. THE STATES. —Their Relations, Rights, and Restrictions..52-58 VI. ELECTIONS.-Rules and Forms; The Right to Vote..... 59-62 VII. OFFICE.-Eligibility; Honors, Profits and Trusts; Vacancies and Removals..................................63-66 VIII. MILITARY AND NAVAL AFFAIRS.-The Army and Militia; War, Invasion, Rebellion.........................66-69 IX. FOREIGN RELATIONS........................... 69-71 X. MARITIME AFFAIRS................................. 71 XI. COMMERCE.-Domestic; Foreign......................71-72 XII. THE TREAsURY.-Revenue; Public Credit; Money.....72-75 CONCORDANCE TO THE CONSTITUTION........ 77 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION.............. I43 PREFACE. CONCORDANCES and INDEXES have been compiled of such books as are deemed of the greatest value. Probably there exists no work of the same compass, that, at the present time, or in the near future, seems likely to affect the well-being of so large a number of mankind as the written Constitution of the United States of America. But the Constitution is so brief an instrument, that any aids in referring to its text would seem hardly necessary. Brief as it is, however, questions often arise, as to what it does, or does not, contain; while the force or meaning of its words, and the scope of its powers and provisions, have been the occasion of the grandest debates recorded in the history of free governments. The language of the Constitution, though generally smooth, and sometimes elegant, is yet simple almost to plainness, often elliptical, and, in several passages, almost colloquial. In short, its language is that of every-day life, and was, no doubt, meant to be such. This simplicity, with its brevity, fit it to be read and understood by all classes of persons, of even a rudimentary education. And for this reason also, a Vi PREFACE. person who is not a jurist may, perchance, be qualified for executing a work like the present. Those who undertake to make a Concordance to any work will not find it simply a mechanical task; as the judgment of the compiler is constantly exercised in deciding what portion of the sentence containing the given word he can best take to fill the allotted space of a single line, so that the fragment copied may retain an idea of the whole. Still more judgment is required to arrange the plan of a Classified, or Analytical Index to any important work. But such Indexes, when well prepared, are found to make their respective works, to some extent, a commentary on themselves. There is also an incidental advantage in having a Concordance or Vocabulary of the Constitution,-that it familiarizes the use of the same words, and perpetuates its phraseology in laws founded upon it, and' discussions relating to it; by which its permanency is likely to be promoted and secured. The practice of omitting the small words and the auxiliary verbs, in preparing a concordance, has not been adhered to in the present work. The negatives no, not, nor, neither, and even the words if and may, are all very impressive words in the Constitution; and especially the word shall, which so often serves to mark the conditional future of a verb;-but its force in the Constitution is oftener imperative, and not seldom, imperial! PREFACE. vii The advantages of a Classified Index to the Constitution will at once be seen by glancing at the extracts under any one of the headings; as for example, under that of The Congress. It would require considerable time for a person to gain a ready and exact knowledge of all the powers and duties of Congress; but here the whole is presented at one view. Take another example,-that of The States, the question of whose rights and sovereignty has been the theme of long debate, and finally, the cause of a civil war. Americans may, and ought, to be as well acquainted with the provisions of the Constitution as with the simplest rules of arithmetic; yet their limited knowledge of the subject is somewhat to be wondered at, when we consider how widely the rudiments of education are diffused, and the intense interest felt by all classes in the course of public'affairs. Of this imperfect knowledge several illustrations could be offered,except that they might here be deemed out of place, though not questions of a partisan kind, —of matters expressly provided for and settled in the Constitution, but which were at times severally discussed or proposed in the public journals, as though the Constitution had been silent on the subject. More than this; statutes have for years been enforced by some of the States, that, when tested before the competent tribunal, were at once declared unconstitutional and void. There will probably, hereafter, be much less debate viii PREFACE. than in former years, on what the Constitution means, or as to what it prohibits, permits, or enjoins: nor, regarding the laws passed under it, will there be such constant questioning of their constitutionality. Such questions have been discussed during our past political history, because there were reasons for opposing any and all legislation beyond what might just serve to hold the States together. But those reasons do not now exist; and, as there remains no obstacle to the equal and vigorous operation of the laws upon all classes, and over every part of the Republic, it must be the fault of the Administration if their enforcement is so lax, as ever again to' make our Government fail of respect, either at home or abroad. C. W. S. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. WE, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION I. I. All Legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. SECTION 2, I. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. 2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 2 CONSTITUTION OF THE 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION 3. I. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class, at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class, at the expiration of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 3 sixth year; so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro ternpore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SECTION 4. I. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof: but the Congress may at 4 CONSTITUTION OF THE any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in Decenmber, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION 5. I. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each House may provide. 2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and, from time to time, publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SECTION 6. i. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to, and return UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 5 ing from, the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person, holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. SECTION 7. i. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill, which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, twothirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concur 6 CONSTITUTION OF THE rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SECTION 8. The Congress shall have power, I. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States: 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes: 4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States: 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: 7. To establish post-offices and post-roads: 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries: 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court: io. To define and punish piracies and felonies, committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations: II. To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: I2. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 7 money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: I3. To provide and maintain a navy: I4. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: I5. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions: I6. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: I7. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places, purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: —And i8. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION 9. I. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corjpus shall not be 8 CONSTITUTION OF THE suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration, herein before directed to be taken. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear or pay duties in another. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. SECTION IO. I. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex Jostfacto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 9 to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. SECTION I. I. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the VicePresident, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives, to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit, under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. 3. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat* of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the IO CONSTITUTION OF THE House of Representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the -list, the said House shall, in like manner, choose the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two' or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-President. 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 5. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected; and he shall not receive within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. II 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: 9. "I do solemnly swear (or affirm), that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." SECTION 2. I. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION 3. i. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their I2 CONSTITUTION OF THE consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION 4. I. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office, on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE, III. SECTION I. I. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECTION 2. I. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 13 State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes,except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place,, or places, as the Congress may by law have directed. SECTION 3. I. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION I. I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. I4 CONSTITUTION OF THE SECTION 2. I. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to wholm such service or labor may be due. SECTION 3. I. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed, or erected, within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property, belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. SECTION 4. I. The United States shall guaranty to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 15 ARTICLE V. I. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution,.when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment, which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. I. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever i6 CONSTITUTION OF THE be required as a qualification to any office or public trust, under the United States. ARTICLE VII. I. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. AMENDMENT I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. AMENDMENT II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. AMENDMENT III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. AMENDMENT IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirma UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 17 tion, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. AMENDMENT V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous, crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. AMENDMENT VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. AMENDMENT VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. AMENDMENT VIII. Excessive bail shall not be requ.ired, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. I8 CONSTITUTION OF THE AMENDMENT IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. AMENDMENT X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. AMENDMENT XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. AMENDMENT XII. I. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign, and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 19 voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from twothirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional disability, of the President. 2. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators; a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. AMENDMENT XIII. I. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation. AMENDMENT XIV. i. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the 20 CONSTITUTION OF THE United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person, within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election, for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 21 United States, nor any State, shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation qf any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this Article. AMENDMENT XV. I. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this Article by appropriate legislation. A CLASSIFIED INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION. I. THE PEOPLE. Representation. WE, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. -Preamble. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the People of the several States.-Article I., 2, I. I. THE PEOPLE.-Census, Naturalization. The Congress shall have power * * to establish a uniform rule of naturalization * * throughout the United States.-Article I., 8, 4. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. -Article I., 2, 3. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, un 24 A CLASSIFIED INDEX less in proportion to the census or enumeration, herein before directed to be taken. —Article I., 9, 4. I. THE PEOPLE.- Citizenship. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President. -Article II., I, 5. The Judicial power shall extend * * to controversies * * between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof and foreign States, citizens or subjects.Article III., 2, I. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.-Article IV., 2, I. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State.-Amendment XI. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.-Armendmnent XIV., I. The right of citizens of the United States to vote TO THE CONSTITUTION. 25 shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -Amendmnent XV. I. THE PEOPLE.- Their Liberties. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion,the public safety may require it.-Article I., 9, 2. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed.-Article I., 9, 3. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. -Amendment I. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.-Amnendment II. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. -Amendment III. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.-Amendment IV. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwisq infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in 26 A CLASSIFIED INDEX the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war, or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.Amendment V. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.Amendment VI. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. —Amendment IX. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.-Amendment X. I. THE PEOPLE.-Service, Slavery. -Their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.-Article I., 2, 3. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 27 The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.-Article I., 9, I. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. —Article IV., 2, 3. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -Amendment XIII., I. Neither the United States, nor any State, shall assume or pay * * any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.-Amendment XIV., 4. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.-Amendment XV. 28 A CLASSIFIED INDEX IZ THE CONGRESS. Their Powers and Duties. All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. -Article I., I, I. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.-Article I., 4, 2. The President * * shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient: he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper.Article II., 3, I. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office civil or military under the United States or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.-Amendmnent XIV. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 29 Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal:-Article I., 5, 3. Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.-Article I., 5, 4. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence.and general welfare of the United States. The Congress shall have power * * to borrow money on the credit of the United States. The Congress shall have power * * to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes. The Congress shall have power * * to establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States. The Congress shall have power * * to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States. The Congress shall have power * * to establish postoffices and post-roads. The Congress shall have power * * to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for 30 A CLASSIFIED INDEX limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. The Congress shall have power * * to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. The Congress shall have power * * to define and punish piracies and felonies, committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations. The Congress shall have power * * to declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water. The Congress shall have power * * to raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years. The Congress shall have power * * to provide and maintain a navy. The Congress shall have power * * to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrection, and repel invasions. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. The Congress shall have power * * to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the TO THE CONSTITUTION. 31 United States, and to exercise like authority over all places, purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards and other needful buildings. The Congress shall have power * * to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. — Article I., 8, I —I8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince or foreign State.-Atrticle I., 9, 7. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; * * and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.-Article I., Io, 2. The Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President. —Article II., I, 6. The Congress may by law vest the appointment of 32 A CLASSIFIED INDEX such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments.-Article II., 2, 2. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish.-Article III., I, I. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to the law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make.-Article III., 2, 2. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, * * when not committed within any State, shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.-Article III., 2, 3. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason.-Article III., 3, 2. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. -Article IV., i, I. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.-Article IV., 3, I. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United TO THE CONSTITUTION. 33 States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice the claims of the United States, or of any particular State.-Article IV., 3, 2. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress.-A4rticle V., I, I. II. THE CONGRESS.- Their Powers and Privileges. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof, but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.Article I., 4, I. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. —Article I., 5, I. Each House may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.-Article I., 5, 2. 3 34 A CLASSIFIED INDEX The Senators and Representatives * * * shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. —Article I., 6, I. II. THE CONGRESS.- Their Privileges and Prohibitions. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. -Article I., 6, I. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.-Article I., 6, 2. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing may think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight. —Article L, 9, I. No Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.-Article II., I, 2. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the TO THE CONSTITUTION. 35 press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. -Anendment I. II. THE CONGRESS. The Senate. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not,when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.-Article I., 3, 3. The Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.-Article I., 4, I. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. —Article I., 3, I. They shall be divided * * so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments. —-Article I., 3, 2. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.-Article I., 3, 4. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the VicePresident, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. —Article I., 3, 5. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; 36 A CLASSIFIED INDEX and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.-Article I., 3, 6. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills.Article I., 7, I. The President * * shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law.-Article II., 2, 2. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.-Article V., I, I. If no person have a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators; a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.-Amendrnent XII., 2. II. THE CONGRESS.- The House of Representatives. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. —Article I., 2, 2. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive authority thereof shall is TO THE CONSTITUTION. 37 sue writs of election to fill such vacancies. -Article I., 2, 4. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States, which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. —Atrticle I., 2, 3. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.-Amendment XIV., 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. — Article I., 2, I. Each State shall have at least one Representative. — Article I., 2, 3. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have sole power of impeachment.-Article I., 2, 5. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. — Article I., 7, I. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for 38 A CLASSIFIED INDEX President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, when the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional disability of the President. —Amendment XII., I. II. THE CONGRESS.- Their Legislation. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.Article I., I, I. A majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.-Article I., 5, I. Each House may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. —Article I., 5, 2. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 39 The yeas and nays of the members of either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.-Article I., 5, 3. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.-Article I., 5, 4. II. THE CONGRESS.-Forms of Legislation. Every bill, which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, twothirds of that House agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.-Article I., 7, 2. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives 40 A CLASSIFIED INDEX may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.-Article I., 7, 3. The Congress shall have power * * to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places, purchased by consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings.-Article, I., 8, I7. The Congress shall have power * * to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all' other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. — Article I., 8, I8. II. THE CONGRESS.-Scope of Legislation. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by con TO THE CONSTITUTION. 4I ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress.-A rticle V., I, I. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.Article VI., 2. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging thF freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition for a redress of grievances.-Almendment I. II. THE CONGRESS.-Limits of Legislation. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.-Amnendmnent IX. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. —Amendment X. 42 A CLASSIFIED INDEX III. THE PRESI~DENT. His Powers and Duties. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during a term of four years, and together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows.-Article II., I, I. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.-Article II., I, 3. No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirtyfive years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.-Article II., I, 5. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President; and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.Article II., I, 6. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive, within TO THE CONSTITUTION. 43 that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.-Article II., I, 7. The President, * * before- he enter on the execution of his office, shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." —Article II., I, 8-9. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion., in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.-Article II., 2, I. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided twothirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.Article II., 2, 2. The President shall have power to fill up all vacan 44 A CLASSIFIED INDEX cies that may happen, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. —Article II., 2, 3. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper: he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully exeeuted, and shall commission all officers of the United States. -Article II., 3, I. Every bill * * shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated. * * If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, inwhichcaseitshallnotbealaw.-Article I., 7,2. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrente of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States; and, before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limita TO THE CONSTITUTION. 45 tions prescribed in the case of a bill.-Article I., 7, 3. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside.-Article I., 3, 6. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.-Article II., 4, I. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. * * And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional disability of the President. —Amendment XII., I. III. THE PRESIDENT.- The Vice-President. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.-Article I., 3, 4. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President. —Article II., I, 6. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on 46 A CLASSIFIED INDEX impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. —Article II., 4, I. They shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President. * * And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death, or other constitutional disability of the President. —Atnendment XII., I. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President.-Amendiment XII., 2. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.,-A-mendment XII., 3. IV. PUBLIC 7USTICE. The Laws. The Senators and Representatives shall * * * in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place.-Article I., 6, I. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 47 The Congress shall have power * * to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union.-Article I., 8, 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.-Article I., 9, 2. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law shall be passed. —Article I., 9, 3. No State shall * * pass any bill of attainder, expost facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts. -Article I., IO, I. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.-Article III., 2, I. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.-Article III., 3, I. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.-Article III., 3, 2. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of 48 A CLASSIFIED INDEX every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. —Article IV., I, I. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.-Article IV., 2, 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to' the contrary notwithstanding.-Article VI., 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.-Amendment IV. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.-Amendment XI. Nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.-Amendment XIV., I. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 49 IV. PUBLIC JUSTICE.-The Courts. The Congress shall have power * * to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.-Article I., 8, 9. The President, * * by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, * * shall appoint judges of the Supreme Court; * * but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper * * in the courts of law.-Article II., 2, 2. The Judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.-Article III., I, I. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. —Airticle III., 2, 2. IV. PUBLIC JUSTICE. — Trials. The House of Representatives * * shall have sole power of impeachment. —Article I., 2, 5. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation, * * and no person shall be 4 50 A CLASSIFIED INDEX convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.-Amrticle I., 3, 6. The President * * shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.-Article II., 2, I. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where such crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.-Article III., 2, 3. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.-Article III., 3, I. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.Amendment V. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be con TO THE CONSTITUTION. 51 fronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. -Amendment VI. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined, in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. -Amendmnent VII. IV. PUBLIC JUSTICE.-Punishments. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.-Article I., 3, 7. Each House may * * punish its members fat disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of twothirds, expel a member. —Article I., 5, 2. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States.-Article I., 8, 6. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.-Article III., 3, 2. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.-Amendment VIII. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as 52 A CLASSIFIED INDEX a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist in the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.-Amendmnent XIII. V. THE STA TES. Their Relations. The Electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.-Article I., 2, I. No person shall be a Representative who shall not, * * * when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.-Article I., 2, 2. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States * * according to their respective numbers.-Article I., 2, 3. Each State shall have at least one Representative. - Article I., 2, 3. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.-Article I., 2, 4. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State.-Article I., 3, I. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.-Article I., 4, I. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 53 The Congress shall have power * * to regulate commerce among the several States. —Article I., 8, 3. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the appointment of the officers and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.-Article I., 8, i6. The Congress shall have power * * to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States'; and to exercise like authority over all places, purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings. -Article I., 8, I7. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.- Article I., 9, I. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.-Article I., 9, 5. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; 54 A CLASSIFIED INDEX coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.-Article I., Io, I. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.-Article I., IO, 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.-Article II., I, 2. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.-Article II., I, 3. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the * militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States.- Article II., 2, I. The Judicial power shall extend * * to controver TO THE CONSTITUTION. 55 sies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.-Article III., 2, 1. In all cases * * in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. — Article III., 2, 2. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, * * shall be'held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed. —Article III., 2, 3. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. —Article IV., I, I. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.-Article IV., 2, I. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.-Article IV., 2, 2. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.-Article IV., 2, 3. New States may be admitted by Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed, or erected, within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any 56 A CLASSIFIED INDEX State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress.-Article IV., 3, I. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory, or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.-Article IV., 3, 2. The United States shall guaranty to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.-A-rticle IV., 4, I. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution; or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States, or by conventions in threefourths thereof, as the one or the other mode may be proposed by the Congress.-Article V., i, I. No State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. —Article V., I, I. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound TO THE CONSTITUTION. 57 thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. -Article VI., 2. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualifica-.tion to any office or public trust under the United States.-Article VI., 3. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law.-Amendrnent VI. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. —A mendnzeznt X. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.-Amendmnent XI. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representa 58 A CLASSIFIED INDEX tion from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.-Armendment XII., I. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law,. nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.-A4nendnentz XIV., I. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.-Amzendmnent XIV., 2. Neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. —Amendmnent XIV., 4. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.-Armendinent XV., I. The President, * * during the period for which he shall have been elected * * shall not receive any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.Article II., I, 7. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 59 VI. ELECTIONS. Rules and Forms. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. —Article I., 4, 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns., and qualifications of its own members. —Article I., 5,I. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof inay direct, a number of Electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.-Article II., Il 2. The Electors shall meet in their respective States., and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be 60 A CLASSIFIED INDEX the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President; but if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the VicePresident.-Article II., I, 3. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.-Article II., I, 4. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves;they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as VicePresident, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign, and certify, and transmit, sealed, TO THE CONSTITUTION. 61 to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case'of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. —Amiendment XII., I. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then, from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators; a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.-Amendment XII., 2. 62 A CLASSIFIED INDEX The Electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.-Article I., 2, I. Their respective numbers * * shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The * * enumeration shall be made * * within every subsequent term of ten years.-Article I., 2, 3. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.-Article I., 3, 4. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be redulced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.Amendmnent XIV., 2. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.-Amendment XIV. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 63 VIL. OFFICE. Eligibility. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.-Article I., 2, 2. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for whieh he shall be chosen.-Article I., 3, 3. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States.-Article I., 3, 7. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person, holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.-Article I., 6, 2. No * * person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an Elector.-Article II., I, 2. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who 64 A CLASSIFIED INDEX shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.-Article II., I, 5. No person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.-Amendment XII., 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection and rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of twothirds of each House, remove such disability.-Amendment XIV., 3. VII. OFFICE.-Honors, Emoluments. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State.-Article I., 9, 7. No State shall * * grant any title of nobility.Article I., IO, I. The President * * may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.-Article II., 2, I. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 65 The President, * * by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments.-Article II., 2, 2. The President * * shall commission all the officers of the United States.-Article II., 3, I. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior.-Article III., I, I. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.-Article VI., 3. VII. OFFICE.- Vacancies and Removals. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.-Article I., 2, 4. The seats of the Senators, * * if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature, the executive thereof may make temporary appointments.-Article I., 3, 2. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend 5 66 A CLASSIFIED INDEX further than to removal from office. —Article I., 3, 7. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen, during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. —Article II., 2, 3. The President and Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.Article II., 4, I. VI~L. MILITARY A FFAIRS. Army and Navy. The Congress shall have power * * to raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.Article I., 8, I2. The Congress shall have power * * to provide and maintain a navy.-Article I., 8, I3. The Congress shall have power * * to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces.-Article I., 8, I4. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.Article I., 8, I5. The Congress shall have power * * to exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district, * * purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the TO THE CONSTITUTION. 67 erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings.-Article I., 8, I7. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, * * keep troops, or ships-of-war, in time of peace.Article I., Io, 2. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, whenicalled into the actual service of the United States. -Article II., 2, I. VIII. MILITARY AFFAIRS.- The Army and llilitia. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. -Article I., 8, I6. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.-A mendment II. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger.-A mendment V. No person shall hold * * any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath * * to support the Constitution of the United Statds, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given 68 A CLASSIFIED INDEX aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.-Amnendmnent XIV. 3. VIII. MILITARY AFFAIRS.- War, Rebellion. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States. -Article I., 8, I. The Congress shall have power * * to declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water. —Article I., 8, II. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions. — Article I., 8, 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. —Article I., 9, 2. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, * * engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. —Article I., Io0, 2. The United States * * shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. —Article IV., 4, I. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. -Amendment III. TO THE CONSTITUTION. 69 No person shall * * hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who having previously taken an oath * * to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection, or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each I-louse, remove such disability.-Armnendment XIV., 3. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States, nor any State, shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.-Anezndiment XIV., 4. IX. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Congress shall have power * * to regulate commerce with foreign nations. —rticle I., 8, 3. The Congress shall have power * * to define and punish * * offences against the law of nations.-Article I., 8, Io. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States. And no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office or 70 A CLASSIFIED INDEX title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State.-Article I., 9, 7. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation, grant letters of marque and reprisal.Article I., Io, I. No State shall, without the consent of Congress * * enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power.-Article I., Io, 2. The President * * shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls.-Article II., 2, 2. The Judicial power shall extend to all cases * * arising under * * treaties made, or which shall be made; * * to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; * * to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; *'* and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects.-Article III., 2, I. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, * * the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. -Article III., 2, 2. All treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. -Article VI., 2. The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States TO THE CONSTITUTION. 71 * * by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.Amendment XI. X. MARITIME AFFAIRS. The Congress shall have power * * to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas.-Article I., 8, IO. The Congress shall have power * * to grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water.-Article I., 8, I I. No State shall * * grant letters of marque.and reprisal. —Article I., IO, I. The Judicial power shall extend * * to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. -Article III., 2, I. XL. COMMERCE. Domestic. The Congress shall have power * * to regulate commerce * * among the several States, and with the Indian tribes.-Article I., 8, 3. The Congress shall have power * * to establish *' uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. —Article I., 8, 4. The Congress shall have power * * to fix the standard of weights and measures.-Article I., 8, 5. The Congress shall have power * * to establish post-offices and post-roads.-Article I., 8, 7. The Congress shall have power * * to promote the 72 A CLASSIFIED INDEX progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.Article I., 8, 8. No tax or duties shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. —Article I., 9, 5. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage.-Article I., IO, 2. XI. COMMERCE.-Foreign. The Congress shall have power * * to regulate commerce with foreign nations.-Article I., 8, 3. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding -ten dollars for each person.-Article I., 9, I. XILT. THE TREA S UR Y. Expenditure. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. -Article I., 6, I. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his TO THE CONSTITUTION. 73 services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the time for which he shall have been elected. —Article II., I, 7. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall, * * at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.-Article III., I, I. The Congress shall have power * * to raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.Article I., 8, 1I2. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.-Article I., 9, 6. Nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. Amendment V. XII. THE TREASURY.-Revenue and Imposts. Direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States * * according to their respective numbers.Article I., 2, 3. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills.Article I., 7, I. The Congress shall have power * * to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States. -Article I., 8, 1. 74 A CLASSIFIED INDEX The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think proper to admit,'shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.-Article I., 9, I. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. —Article I., 9, 4. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to,. or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.-Artzcle I., 9, 5. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts, or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of.the treasury of the United States. —Article I., IO, 2. XII. THE TREASURY.-Public Credit. The Congress shall have power * * to borrow money on the credit of the United States.-Article I., 8, 2. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States, under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.-Article VI., I. The validity of the public debt of the United States TO THE CONSTITUTION. 75 authorized by law, including debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection and rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.-Amendment XIV., 4. XII. THE TREASURY.-Coin, Bills of Credit. The Congress shall have power * * to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin.-Article I., 8, 5. The Congress shall have power * * to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States.-Article I., 8, 6. No State shall * * coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts.-Article I., Io, I. A CONCORDANCE TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. A. Ability-best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defenc.........Art. II. x, 9. Abridge-the privileges or immunities of citizens of the............A mend. XIV. x. Abridged-except for participation in rebellion or other crime.......A mend. XIV. 2 to vote, shall not be denied or abridged.....................A mend. XV. I. Abridging-the freedom of speech, or of the press.................A mend. I. Absence-a President iro temlore, in the absence of..............Art, I. 3, 5. Absent-to compel the attendance of absent members.............. Art. I. 5, I. Absolutely-except what may be absolutely necessary.............A rt. I. Io, 2. Accept-of any present, emolument, title, or office................. Art. I. 9, 7. Acceptance-and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat......A rt. I. 8, I7. According-according to their respective numbers.................A rt. I. 2, 3. trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.......... Art. I. 3, 7. according to the rules and limitations prescribed............. Art. I. 7, 3. the militia, according to the discipline prescribed.............A rt. I. 8, 16. than according to the rules of common Law...n................ en I. several States, according to their respective numbers......... A mend. XIV. 2. Accordingly-until the disability be removed...................... rt. II. x, 6. Account-statement and account of the receipts and.............A rt. L 9, 6. on account of race, color, or previous condition.............. Amend. X V. x. Accusation-of the nature and cause of the accusation............Amend. VI. Accused-shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.........A mend. VI. Act-declaring what officer shall then act as President............Art. II. I, 6. and such officer shall act accordingly...................A.... A rt. rI. I, 6. witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession.............Art. III. 3, X. then the Vice-President shall act as President................Amend. XII. x. Acts-credit given in each State, to the public acts................. Art. IV. I, x. prescribe the manner in which such acts, records.............A rt. IV. I, I. Actual-the actual enumeration shall be made.................... Art. I. 2, 3. called into the actual service of the United States............ Art. II. 2, I. the militia, when in actual service, in time of war.............A mend. V. Actually-unless actually invaded, or in such imminent............ Art. I. xo, 2. Adding-determined by adding to the whole number...............Art. I. 2, 3. Adhering-to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.... 4rt. III. 3, x. Adjourn-a smaller number may adjourn from day to day.......... Art. I. 5, x. 78 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Adjourn —shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn......... Art. I. 5, 4. may adjourn them to such time as he shall think............. Art. II. 3, x. Adjournment-unless the Congress, by their adjournment........ Art. I. 7, 2. necessary (except on a question of adjournment).............A rt. I. 7, 3. witf respect to the time of adjournment...................... A rt. II. 3, I. Admiralty-cases of admiralty, and maritime jurisdiction..... A.... Art. III. 2, x. Admit-States, now existing, shall think proper to admit.... A......A rt. g9, x. such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay............ Art. I. o, 2. Admitted-new States may be admitted by the Congress......... Art. IV. 3,'. Adoption-the time of the adoption of this Constitution............Art. II. I, 5. entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution..........A rt. VI. I, x. Advice-by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.......Ar..t. II. 2, 2. advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint.............. Art. IS. 2, 2. Affect-the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section............. Art. V. I, I. Affecting-ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls........Art. III. 2, 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors................... Ar......A rt. III. 2, 2. Affirm-I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will...............A rt. II. I, 9. Affirmation-they shall be on oath or affirmation.................. A rt. I. 3, 6. he shall take the following oath or affirmation................Art. II. I, 8. by oath, or affirmation, to support this Constitution...........Art. VI. I, 3. by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing............ A mend. IV. After-within three years after the first meeting of the.............Art. I. 2, 3. immediately after they shall be assembled....................Art. I. 3, 2. if, after such reconsideration, two thirds of that House........ rt. I. 7, 2. (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented....... Art. I. 7, 2. In every case, after the choice of the President...............Art. II. I, 3. Against-names of the persons voting for and against............ Art. I. 7, 2. the bigh seas, and offences against the law of nations.........Art. I. 8, Io. pardons, for offences against the United States, except.......Art. II. 2, I. Treason against the United States shall consist..............Art. III. 3, I. only in levying war against them, or in adhering to..........Art. III. 3, I. and shall protect each of them against invasion...............Art. IV. 4, I. cannot be convened, ) against domestic violence..............Art. IV. 4, z. valid against the United States, under this Constitution.......Art. VI. I, a. papers and effects, against unreasonable searches............Amend. IV. to be confronted with the witnesses against him..............Amend. VI. against one of the United States, by citizens of another.......Amend. XI. in insurrection or rebellion against the same..................Amend. XIV. 3. rebellion against the United States, or any claim............ Amend. XIV. 4. Age-not have attained to the age of twenty-five..................Art. I. 2, 2. who shall not have attained to the age of thirty..............Art. 1. 3, 3. shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five...............Art. II. I, 5. twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the................ Amend. XIV. 2. of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State......... Amend. XIV. 2. Agree-two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill........Art. 1. 7, 2. Agreement-or compact with another State, or with a............Art. 1. Io, 2. Aid-adhering to their enemies, giving them aid................... Art. III. 3, I. or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof..............Amend. XIV. 3. or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection.................. Amend. XIIV 4. All-shall have sole power to try all impeachments................Art. I. 3, 6. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 79 All-all Legislative powers herein granted................... A... A ri. I. II, I. three-fifths of all other persons..............................Art. I. 2, 3. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and.......... Art. I. 6, I. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the.............Art. I. 7, I. in all such cases, the votes of both Houses shall..............Art. I. 7, 2. all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform..............Art. I. 8, I. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases................... Art. I. 8, 17. to exercise like authority over all places purchased...........A rt. I. 8, I7. make all laws which shall be necessary and proper........... rt. I. 8, i8. and all other powers vested by this Constitution.............. Art. I. 8, i8. expenditures of all public money shall be published...........Art. I. 9, 6. the net produce of all duties and imposts laid................ A rt. I. IO, 2. and all such laws shall be subject to the revision............Art. I. To, 2. they shall make a list of all the persons voted for............ Art. II. i, 3. open all the certificates, and the votes shall.................. Art. II. I, 3. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.......Art. II. 1, 3. judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers..........Art. II. 2, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies............Art. II. 2, 3. shall commission all the officers of the United States......... Art. II. 3, I. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers.......... Art. II. 4, I. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity............ Art. III. 2, I. all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public............Art. III. 2, I. to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction............A rt. III. 2, I. In all cases affecting ambassadors........Art...........Art. III. 2, 2. In all the other cases before mentioned...................... A rt. III. 2, 2. trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment............`Art. III. 2, 3. entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens........ Art. IV. 2, I. dispose of and make all Ileedful rules and regulations........ Ar. IV. 3, I. which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents............ Art. V. I, I. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into..........Art. VI. I, t. and all treaties made, or which shall be made................ Art. VI. I, 2. legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers............. Art. VI. I, 3. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy......... Amend. VI. distinct lists of all persons voted for as President............A.. mend. XII. and of all persons voted for as Vice-President................Anmend. XII. open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be.......... Amend. XII. I. a majority of all the States shall be necessary................ Anmend. XII. I. All persons born or naturalized in the United States......... Amend. XIV. I. all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held.......... Amend. XIV. 4. Alliance-enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation..........Art. I. Io, I. Alone-in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or............ Art. II. 2, 2. Also-also, a President pro temtjore, in the absence............... Art. I. 3, 5. Alter-Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter.......... Art. I. 4, I. Ambassadors —appoint ambassadors, other public ministers......Art. I. 2, 2. shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers.......... Art. II. 3, I. cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers...........Art. III. 2, I. In all cases affecting ambassadors.......................... Art. III. 2, 2. Amendment-which may be made prior to the year.............. Art. V. I, I. Amendments-propose or concur with amendments, as on......Art. I. 7, I. shall propose amendments to this Constitution...............Art. V. x, i. 80 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Amendments-shall call a convention for proposing amendments.... Ar. V. I, x. America-Constitution for the United States of America.......... Preamble. a President of the United States of America........ Ar........Art. II. I, 1. Among-taxes shall be apportioned among the..................../Art. I. 2, 3. with foreign nations, and among the several States..........Art. I. 8, 3. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several...... Amend. XIV. 2. Another-the ports of one State, over those of another.............Art. I. 9, 5. be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties, in another..........4rt. I. 9, 5. compact with another State, or with a foreign power........ Art.. I., 2. between a State and citizens of another State......... r.......Art. III. 2, I. from justice, and be found in another State...................A rt. IV. 2, 2. into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation...Art. IlV. 2, 3. against one of the United States by citizens of another........ A mend. XI. Answer-for a capital or otherwise infamous crime................/Amend. V. Any-happen in the representation from any State................. Art. I. 2, 4. during the recess of the legislature of any State.............. Art. I. 3, 2. disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor......... Art.. 3, 7. Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter............Art. I. 4, I. on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth.............. Art. I. 5, 3. adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place..... Art. I. 5, 4. and for any speech or debate in either House................ Art. I. 6, I. they shall not be questioned in any other place.............../Art. I. 6, I. be appointed to any civil office under the authority..........Art. I. 6, 2. and no person holding any office under the..................1Art. I. 6, 2. if any bill shall not be returned by the President............ Art. I. 7, 2. or in any department or officer thereof....................... A t. I. 8, i8. importation of such persons as any of the States..............Art. I. 9, I. shall be laid on articles exported from any State............. Art. I. 9, 5. shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue...... Art. I. 9, 5. and no person holding any office of profit or trust............Art. I. 9, 7. office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king.......... Art. I. 9, 7. no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or.............. Art. I. Io, I. make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender............. Art. I. Io, I. pass any bill of attainder, or exzpostfacto law....... A........rt. I. Io, I. of contracts; or grant any title of nobility.................../Art. I. Io, I. consent of the Congress, lay any imposts, or duties........... Art. I. Io, 2. duties and imposts laid by any State on imports..............Art. I. 10, 2. lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war......... Art. I. IO, 2. any agreement or compact with another State................ Art. I. IO, 2. shall any person be eligible to that office, who................. Art. II. I, 5. emolument from the United States, or any of them............Art. II. I, 7. upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective.....Art. II. 2, I. when not committed within any State, the trial..............Art. III. 2, 3. charged in any State with treason, felony, or other........... Art. IV. 2, 2. shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein......... Art. IV. 2, 3. erected within the jurisdiction of any other State............ Art. IV. 3, I. nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more....... Art. IV. 3, I. shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims..............Art. IV. 3, 2. shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses.......Art. V. V, I. anything in the Constitution or laws of any State.............,Art. VI. I, 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 81 Any-required as a qualification to any office or public trust........Art. VI. I, 3. quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner.....Amend. III. nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence..........Amend. V. in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself..........A mend. V: re-examined in any court of the United States...............A mend. VII. shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law...........A mend. XI. the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.. Amend. XIII. x. No State shall make or enforce any law, which..............A mend. XIV. I. nor shall any State deprive any person of life................Amend. XIV. I. nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction equal.......... Amend. XIV. I. the right to vote at any election for the choice............... Anend. XIV. 2. denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State..........Aznend. XIV. 2. or in any way abridged, except for participation in..........Amend. XIV. 2. hold any office, civil or military, under the United States.... Amend. XIV. 3. or under any State, who, having previously taken...........Amend. XIV. 3. or as a member of any State Legislature....................Amend. XIV, 3. as an executive or judicial officer of any State...............Amend. XIV. 3. the United States, nor any State shall assume or pay........ Amend. XIV. 4. claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave..............Amend. XIV. 4. or abridged by the United States, or by any State..........Amend. XV. I. Appellate-Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction.........Art. 111. 2, 2. Application-of the legislature, or of the executive................ Art. IV. 4, I. on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds............Art. V. I, I. Appoint-unless they shall by law appoint a different day.........Art. I. 4, 2. each State shall appoint, in such manner as............... Art. II. I, 2. shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers............Art. II. 2, 2. Appointed-be appointed to any civil office under the authority of.Art. I. 6, 2. under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.......Art. If. I, 2. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed..........Art. II. x, 3. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed......... Amend. XII. I. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.........Amend. XII. 2. Appointment-to the States respectively, the appointment........Art. I. 8, 26. but the Congress may by law vest the appointnlent.......... Art. II. 2, 2. Appointments-may make temporary appointments until.........Art. I. 3, 2. appointments are not herein otherwise provided for.........Art. II. 2, 2. Apportioned-taxes shall be apportioned among..................Art. I. 2, 3. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several.....Amend. XIV. 2. Appropriate-to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.....A mend. XIII. 2. to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions.....A....Aend. XIV. 5. power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation........A mend. XV. 2. Appropriation-no appropriation of money to that use shall be... Art. I. 8, 12. Appropriations-in consequence of appropriations made............Art. I 9, 6. Approve-if he approve he shall sign it; but if not................ A rt. I. 7, 2. Approved-if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall....... Art. I. 7, 2. before the same shall take effect, shall be approved...........Art.. 7, 3. Arising-in law and equity, arising under this Constitution....... A rt. 111. 2, I. except in cases arising in the land or naval forces............ A mend. V. Armies —raise and support armies; but no appropriation.......... Art. I. 8, 12. Arming-provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining......... A It. 8, i6. Arms-the right of the people to keep and bear arms..............Amend. II. 82 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Army-Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy................ 4 rt. II. 2, x. Arrest-be privileged from arrest during their attendance.........Art. I. 6, x. Arsenals-erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, and.............4 rt. I. 8, I7. Article-clauses in the ninth section of the first article............. Art. V. V, I. power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.......,A mend. XIII. 2. appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article..........Amend. XI V. 5. power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation........A mend. XV. 2. Articles-shall be laid on articles exported from any State.........Art. I. 9, 5. Arts-promote the progress of science and useful arts.............Art. I. 8, 8. Ascertained-for their services, to be ascertained by law.......... Art. I. 6, I. shah have been previously ascertained by law...............A mend. VI. Assemble-Congress shall assemble at least once in every.....A....A rt. I. 4, 2. assemble, and to petition the government for a redress....... Amend. I. Assembled-immediately after they shall be assembled...........Art. 1 3, 2. Assistance —the assistance of counsel for his defence............. A mend. VI. Assume-or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid...........A mend. XIV. 4. Attainder-or ex ostfacto law, shall be passed.................Art. I. 9, 3. pass any bill of attainder, or ex iost facto law.............. Art. I. 1o, I. 1, no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood........ A rt. III. 3, 2. Attained-not have attained to the age of twenty-five.............Art. I. 2, 2. shall be a Senator, who shall not have attained to........... Art. I. 3, 3. shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five.............. Art. II. I, 5. Attainted-during the life of the person attainted................. Art. III. 3, 2. Attendance —may be authorized to compel the attendance.......... A rt. I. 5, I. be privileged from arrest during their attendance............Art. I. 6, I. Authorized-may be authorized to compel the attendance......... Art. I. 5, I. authorized by law, including debts incurred for..............A mend. XIV. 4. Authority-executive authority thereof shall issue writs...........A rt. I. 2, 4. office under the authority of the United States............... Art. I. 6, 2. officers, and the authority of training the militia............A.Art. I. 8, i6. to exercise like authority over all places purchased......... Art. I. 8, 17. or which shall be made under their authority...............Art. III. 2, I. on demand of the executive authority of the State........... A rt. IV. 2, 2. authority of the United States, shall be the supreme........Art. VI. I, 2. Authors-securing for limited times, to authors and inventors.....Art. I. 8, 8. B. Bail-excessive bail shall not be required......................... A mend. VIII. Ballot —meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot......... Afrt. II. I, 3. choose, by ballot, one of them for President............... Art. II. I, 3. shall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-President........ Art. II. I, 3. vote by ballot for President and Vice-President.............. Amend. XII. I. shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President........... Amend. XII. I. Ballots-in their ballots the person voted for as President.........A mend. XII. i. distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President.......A mend. XII. I. Bankruptcies-uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies........A rt. I. 8, 4. Basis-of such representation therein shall be reduced............Amend. XIV. 2. Bear-the right of the people to keep and bear arms.............. A mend. II. which the number of such male citizens shall bear............A mend. XIV. 2. Become-shall, before it become a law, be presented to............ Art. I. 7, 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 83 Become —by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law...... Art. I. 7, 2. and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of..........Art. I. 8, 17. Before-shall, before it become a law, be presented to the..........Art. I. 7, 2. before the same shall take effect, shall be approved..........`Art. I. 7, 3. or enumeration, herein before directed to be taken............Art. I 9, 4. Before he enter on the execution of his office................. Art. II. x, 8. other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court...........A.`rt. III. 2, 2. entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution..........Art. VI. I, I. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned.........Art. V. I, 3. before the fourth day of March next following................ Amend. XII. I. Behavior-punish its members for disorderly behavior.............Art. I. 5, 2. shall hold their offices during good behavior.................A rt. III. I, x. Being-twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the...............Amend. XIV. 2. Belonging-property belonging to the United States..............Art. IV. 3, 2. Best-best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend............. Art. II. I, 9. Between-and in case of disagreement between them..............Art. II. 3, I. to controversies between two or more States.................` Art. III. 2, I. between a State, and citizens of another State................A4rt. III. 2, I. between citizens of different States.........................rt.. t. III. 2, I. between citizens of the same State, claiming lands............ A rt. III. 2, I. between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign.......... Art. III. 2, I. establishment of this Constitution between the States......... Art. VII. I, x. Bill-Every bill, which shall have passed the House............... A rt. I. 7, 2. two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill...........A rt. I. 7, 2. persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered........ A rt. I. 7, 2. If any bill shall not be returned by the President............. At. I. 7, 2. rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill...........Art. I. 7, 3. no bill of attainder or exhpostfacto law...................... rt. I. 9, 3. pass any bill of attainder, or exfiost facto law...............A rt. I. Io, I. Bills-all bills for raising revenue shall originate in............... Art. 1. 7, I. propose. or concur with amendments, as on other bills.........A4rt. I. 7, I. coin money, emit bills of credit............................ A rt. I. lo, I. Blessings-and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves.......... Preamble. Blood-shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture.................A rt. III. 3, 2. Born-no person, except a natural born citizen................... Art. II. I, 5. all persons born or naturalized in the United States..........A mend. XIV. I. Borrow-borrow money on the credit of the United States..........A`t. I. 8, 2. Both —in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall.............A. rt. I. 7, 2. inability both of the President and Vice-President.............4 rt. IL. I, 6. occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them........... Art. II. 3, i. the judges, both of the Supreme and Inferior Courts.........4 Art. III. i, 1. have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact.......... Art. III. 2, 2. two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary............ rt. V. I, I. both of the United States, and of the several States......... Art. VI. I, 3. Bound-those bound to service for a term of years.............. Art. I. 2, 3. nor shall vessels bound to or from one State................. Art. I. 9, 5. the judges of every State shall be bound thereby............ A.rt. VI. I, 2. shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this......... Art. VI. I, 3. Bounties-for services for suppressing insurrection........ A.... A mend. XIV. 4. Branch-Electors of the most numerous branch.d................... rt. L 2, i. 84 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Breach-except treason, felony and breach of the peace............Art. I. 6, x. Bribery-or other high crimes and misdemeanors..................A rt. II. 4, I. Buildings-dockyards, and other needful buildings............... Art. I. 8, 17. Business-shall constitute a quorum to do business................Art. I. 5, I. C. Call-shall call a convention for proposing amendments............Art. V. x, I. Called-militia of the several States, when called................. Art. II. 2, I. Calling-for calling forth the militia to execute the laws............Art. I. 8, I5. Cannot-(when the Legislature cannot be convened)...............Art. IV. 4, I. Capital-answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime......... Amend. V. Capitation —or other direct tax shall be laid, unless................Art. I. 9, I. Captures-rules concerning captures on land and water............Art. 1. 8, sI. Care-he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed........Art. II. 3, I. Carrying-for carrying into execution the foregoing powers.........Art. I. 8, i8. Case —prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.........Art. I. 7, 2. rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill..........Art. I. 7, 3. in every case, after the choice of the President............... Art. II. I, 3. in case of the removal of the President from office............Art. II. I, 6. the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability...........Art. II. I, 6. and in case of disagreement between them..................Art. II. 3, I. which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents............. Art. V. I, I. shall act as President, as in case of the death................Amend. XII. I. Cases-judgment in cases of impeachment shall not................Art. I. 3, 7. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony and...........Art. I. 6, I. in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be...........Art. I. 7, 2. to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases.................. Art. I. 8, 17. suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion, or............Art. I. 9, I. the United States, except in cases of impeachment...........Art. II. 2, I. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity..............Art. III. 2, I. all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public.............Art. III. 2, I. to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction............Art. III. 2, I. in all cases affecting ambassadors...........................Art. III. 2, 2. the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court.........Art. 111. 2, 2. trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment............. rt. III. 2, 3. except in cases arising in the land or naval forces............Amend. V. Cause-upon probable cause, supported by oath..................A mend. IV. informed of the nature and cause of the accusation..........An mend. VI. Census-or enumeration, herein before directed.................. Art. I. 9, 4. Certain-of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny.........Amend. IX. Certify-list they shall sign, and certify, and transmit............. rt. II. I, 3. lists they shall sign, and certify, and transmit, sealed........ Amend. XII. I. Certificates-open all the certificates, and the votes...............Art. II. I, 3. open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be..........Amend. XII. a. Cession-by cession of particular States, and the acceptance......Art. I. 8, I7. Charged-in any State with treason, felony, or other crime........A4rt. IV. 2, 2. Chief Justice-the Chief Justice shall preside.................... Art. I. 3, 6. Choice-majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.... Art. II. 1, 3. in every case, after the choice of the President..............Art. II. I, 3. of all the States shall be necessary to a choice............... A mend. XII. a. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 85 Choice-not choose a President, whenever the right of choice..... Amzend. XII. z. of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice.......... Amend. XII. 2. to vote at any election for the choice of Electors........A.... mend. XIV. a. Choose-New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three.........A rt If. 2, 3. House of Representatives shall choose their.................Art. I. 2, 5. the Senate shall choose their other officers.................. Art. I. 3, 5. choose, by ballot, one of them for President................Art. II. I, 3. House shall, in like manner, choose the President........... Art. II. I. 3. shall choose from them by ballot, the Vice-President.........Art. I. I, 3. the House of Representatives shall choose immediately..... A mend. XII. I. if the House of Representatives shall not choose............ A mend. XII. x. the Senate shall choose the Vice-President.................. Amend. XII. 2. Choosing-except as to the places of choosing Senators...........A rt. I. 4, I. in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken.......... Art. II., 3. the Congress may determine the time of choosing........... Art. II. I, 4. in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken..........Amend. XII. 1. Chosen-chosen every second year by the people.................Art. I. 2I.. inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen..........Art. I. 2, 2. Senators from each State, chosen by the legislature.......... rt.IL. 3, I. that one-third may be chosen every second year............ Art. I., 2. inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen......... Art. I. 3, 3. the Vice-President, chosen for the same term............... Art. II. I, I. Citizen-seven years a citizen of the United States............... Art. I. 2, 2. been nine years a citizen of the United States.............. Art. I. 3, 3. no person, except a natural-born citizen, or a................Art. II. I, 5. citizen of the United States at the time of................... Art. II., 5. Citizens-between a State and citizens of another State........... A rt. 1. III. 2,. between citizens of the same State claiming lands............ Art. III. 2, z. between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign..........A Art. III. 2, I. and foreign States, citizens or subjects......................Art. III. 2,.I, the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all..............Art. IV. 2, I. and immunities of citizens in the several States..............A rt. IV. 2, I. against one of the United States, by citizens of another......A mend. XI. or by citizens or subjects of a foreign State.............. A meznd. XI. are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein...Amend. XIV. I. abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens............. A mend. XIV. I. twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the............... Amend. XIV. 2. proportion which the number of such male citizens.......... Amend. XIV. 2. shall bear to the whole number of male citizens..............A mend. XIV. 2. the right of citizens of the United States, to vote.............A mend. XlV. a. Civil-be appointed to any civil office under the authority........ Art. I. 6, 2. the President, Vice-President, and all civil officers.......... Art. II. 4, I. any office, civil or military, under the United States........ Amezd. XIV. 3. Claim-of the party to whom such service, or labor...............Art. IV. 2, 3. claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave..............A mend. XIV. 4. Claiming-between citizens of the same State, claiming lands...... Art. III. 2, I. Claims-of the United States or of any particular State.......... A rt. YV. 3, 2. obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.......... A mend. XIV. 4. Class-of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated.......... Art. I. 3, 2. of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year.......A rt.. 3, 2. 86 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Class-of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year.........Art. I. 3, 2. Classes-divided as equally as may be into three classes...........Art. II. 3, 2. Clauses-first and fourth clauses, in the ninth section............. Art. V. x, I. Clear-obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another............7Art. I. 9, 5. Coin-to coin money, regulate the value thereof..................Art. I. 8, 5. coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures........ Art. I. 8, 5. of counterfeiting the securities and current coin.............A rt. I. 8, 6. coin money; emit bills of credit........................... Art. I. Io, I. gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts...........Art. I. Io, I. Collect-Congress shall have power to lay and collect............Art. I. 8, I. Color-race, color, or previous condition of servitude..............Amend. XV. I. Comfort-to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort...........Art. IIL 3, I. or giving aid and comfort to the enemies thereof.............Amend. XIV. 3. Commander-in-Chief-of the army and navy.................... Art. 11. 2, I. Commenced-or prosecuted against one of the United States.....Amend. XI. Commerce-to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and......Art. I. 8, 3. shall be given by any regulation of commerce or.............Art. I. 9, 5. Commission-all the officers of the United States.................Art. II. 3, X. Commissions-which shall expire at the end of their...............Art. II. 2, 3. Committed-piracies and felonies committed on the high seas.....Art. I. 8, Io. where the said crimes shall have been committed............Art. III. 2, 3. but when not committed within any State, the trial..........Art. III. 2, 3. district, wherein the crime shall have been committed........Amend. VI. Common-provide for the common defence.......................Preamble. pay the debts, and provide for the common defence..........Art. I. 8, I. In suits at common law, when the value.....................Amend. VII. than according to the rules of common law................... Amend. VII. Compact-with another State, or with a foreign power.............Art. I. 5o, 2. Compel-may be authorized to compel the attendance..............Art. I. 5, I. Compelled-in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself...Amend. V. Compensation-shall receive a compensation for their services.....Art. I. 6, I. receive for his services, a compensation, which.............. A rt. II. }, 7. a compensation, which shall not be diminished..............Ar. rt. III. I, I. be'taken for public use, without just compensation.......... A mend. V. Composed-House of Representatives shall be composed of........A rt. 1. 2, I. Senate of the United States shall be composed of............A rt. I. 3, I. Compulsory-process for obtaining witnesses in his favor..........A mend. VI. Concerned-consent, of the legislatures of the States concerned.....A rt. IV. 3, X. Concerning-rules concerning captures on land and water.........Art. I. 8, 1. Concur-Senate may propose or concur with amendments.........A Art. I. 7, I. provided two-thirds of the Senators present, concur.......... Art. II. 2, 2. Concurrence-shall be convicted without the concurrence.........A rt. I. 3, 6. the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member...............A rt. I. 5, 2. to which the concurrence of the Senate and House...........Art. I. 7, 3. Condition-color, or previous condition of servitude...............A mend. XV. s. Confederation-any treaty, alliance, or confederation..............A rt. I. o, I. underthis Constitution, as under the Confederation..........ArtVI. I, x. Oonfession-same overt act, or on confession in open court........ Art. III. 3, I. Confronted-with the witnesses against him...................... Amend. VI. Congress-shall be vested in a Congress of the United States......2A It./. x, i. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 87 Congress-after the first meeting of the Congress..Ar....... Art. I. 2, 3Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter............Art. I. 4, I. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year...........Art. I. 4, 2, Neither House, during the session of Congress..............Art. I. 5, 4. unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent..........Art. I. 7, 2. Congress shall have power to lay and collect.................Art. I. 8, i. according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.......... Art. I. 8, i6. and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat............ Art. I. 8, 17. not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year...........Art. I. 9, I. shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of..............Art. I. 9, 7. without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts.........Art1.I., 2. No State shall, without the consent of Congress..............Art. I. Io, 2. subject to the revision and control of the Congress............ Art. I. 10, 2. to which the State may be entitled in the Congress.......... Art. II. I, 2. The Congress may determine the time of choosing............ Art. II. I, 4. Congress may by law provide for the case of removal........ Art. II. I, 6. but the Congress may by law vest the appointment...........Art. II. 2, 2. give to the Congress information of the state of the.........Art. II. 3, I. inferior courts, as the Congress may, from time to time.......Art. III. x, I. under such regulations, as the Congress shall make.. A........rt. III. 2, 2. or places, as the Congress may by law have directed.........Art. III. 2, 3. Congress shall have power to declare the punishment......... Art. III. 3, 2. Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner....... Art. IV. I, i. New States may he admitted by the Congress...............Art. IV. 3, I. of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress.......... Art. IV. 3, I. Congress shall have power to dispose of and make.........Art. IV. 3, 2. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses......... Art. V. i, I. mode of ratification may be proposed by Congress.......... VArt. I, I. Congress shall make no law respecting an................A...end. I. Congress shall have power to enforce this article.............Amend. XIII. 2. Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial......Amend. XIV. 2. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress..Amend. XIV. 3previously taken an oath as a member of Congress.......... Amend. XIV. 3. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House......... Amend. XIV. 3. shall have p1ower to enforce, by appropriate..................Amend. XIV. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article.........Amend. XV. 2. Connecticut-Connecticut five................................... Art. I. 2, 3. Consent-shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn..........Art. I. 5, 4. purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State.......Art. I. 8, i7. shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of..........Art. I. 9, 7. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress...........Art. I. I, 2. without the consent of Congress, lay any duty.............. Art. I. O, 2. by and with the advice and consent of the Senate............Art. II. 2, 2. consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors............. Art. 11. 2, 2. without the consent of the legislatures of the States......... Art. IV. 3, r. that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived..........Art. V. I, I. be quartered in any house, without the consent.............. Amend. 3. Consequence-assembled in consequence of the first election.......Art. I. 3, s. from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations.......Art. I. 9, 6. shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein......... Art. IV. 2, 3. 88 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Consideration-such measures as he shall judge necessary......... rt. II. 3, 1. Consist-which shall consist of a Senate and House............... Art. I. I, I. a quorum for this purpose shall consist of.................... Art. II. I, 3. Treason against the United States shall consist..............Art. III. 3, I. a quorum for this purpose shall consist of.................... Amend. XII. I. a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds..........Amend. XII. 2. Constitute-a majority of each shall constitute a quorum...........Art. I. 5, I. to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court....A......rt. I. 8, 9. Constitution-do ordain and establish this Constitution............Preamble. vested by this Constitution in the government............... Art. I. 8, $8. at the time of the adoption of this Constitution...............Art. II. 1, 5. defend the Constitution of the United States.................A;rt. II. I, 9. in law and equity, arising under this Constitution............Art. III. 2, I. nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed.......A.....rt. IV. 3, 2. shall propose amendments to this Constitution.A..............rt. V. I, I. purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified..........Art. V. I, I. entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution......... Art. VI. I, I. under this Constitution, as under the Confederation........... Art. VI. I, i. this Constitution, and the laws of the United States..........ArtVI. I, 2. anything in the Constitution or laws of any State........... A rt.. VI. I, 2. by oath, or affirmation, to support this Constitution...........Art. rVI. I, 3. establishment of this Constitution between the States..........`Art. VII. x, I. the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights.......... Amend. IX. not delegated to the United States by the Constitution....... A mend. X. to support the Constitution of the United States...............A mend. XIV. 3. Constitutional -disability of the President......................... Amend. XII. I. Constitutionally-ineligible to the office of President............. Amend. XIl. 3. Construed-be so construed as to prejudice any claims............ Art. IV. 3, 2. shall not be construed to deny or disparage others.......... Amend. IX. shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law...........4 mend. XI. Consuls-ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court.....A.rt. II. 2, 2. ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls............ Art. III. 2, 1. consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party.......... Art. III. 2, 2. Continuance —-of either House during his continuance in, office....Art. I. 6, 2. not be diminished during their continuance in office.......... Art. III., 1. Contracted-and engagements entered into, before the adoption... Art. VI. I, I. Contracts-or law impairing the obligation of contracts.............rt. A. I., I. Contrary-any State to the contrary notwithstanding..... A.... Art. VI. x, 2. Control-subject to the revision and control of Congress........... Art. I. I0, 2. Controversies-to which the United States shall be a party........ Art. III. 2, I. to controversies between two or more States................. Art. III. 2, 1. Controversy-shall exceed twenty dollars........................ Amend. VII. Convene-on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses.......Art. II. 3, I. Convened-(when the Legislature cannot be convened)............ Art. IV. 4, I. Convention-for proposing amendments, which.................. Art. V. I, I. Conventions-or by conventions in three-fourths thereof...........ArV.. z, T. the ratification of the conventions of nine States.............. Art. VII. I, 1. Convicted-no person shall be convicted without the............. Art. I. 3, 6. the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable.............. Art. 1. 3, 7. no person shall be convicted of treason, unless..............rt..11. I.,. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 89 Convicted-whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.......Amend. XII. I. Conviction-of treason, bribery, or other high crimes..............Art. II. 4, I. Corruption-of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life.......... A rt. III. 3, 2. Counsel-to have the assistance of counsel for his defence......... Amend. VI. Counted-certificates; and the votes shall then be counted.........Art. II. I, 3. the certificates; and the votes shall then be counted.........Amend. Xfi. r. Counterfeiting-punishment of counterfeiting the securities......Art. I. 8, 6. Counting-the whole number of persons in each State.............Amend. XIV. 2. Court-constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court..........Art. 1. 8, 9. judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers..........Art. II. 2, 2. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts............A rt. III. I, a. the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction........... Art. III. 2, 2. the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction.......... Art. III. 2, 2. same overt act, or on confession in open court...............Art. 111. 3, I. re-examined in any court of the United States....... Am..... Amend. VII. Courts-in the Courts of law, or in the heads of Departments......Art. II. 2. 2. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts............Art. III. I, I. the judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts......... Art. III. I, I. Created-which shall have been created, or the emoluments........Art. I. 6, 2. Credit-borrow money on the credit of the United States...........A.. 8, 2. coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but......... Art. I. o, I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State........... Art. IV. I, I. Crime-or other crime, who shall flee from justice.................,Art. IV. 2, 2. removed to the State havingjurisdiction of the crime........Art. IV. 2, 2. to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime......... Amend. V. district, wherein the crime shall have been committed....... Amend. VIT nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime.. Amend. XIIZ. r; except for participation in rebellion, or other crime........... Amend. XIV. 2. Crimes-bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors......... Art. II. 4, I. trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment............ Art. III. 2, 2. where the said crimes shall have been committed............Art. III. 2, 3. Criminal-case, to be a witness against himself.................. Amend. V. in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy......... Amend. VI. Cruel-nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted...............Amend. VIII. Current-of counterfeiting the securities and current coin..........Art. I. 8, 6. D. Danger-such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay........Art. I. Io, 2. in actual service in time of war or public danger.............. Amend. V. Day-Unless they shall by law appoint a different day.............Art. I. 4, 2. a smaller number may adjourn from day to day.............Art. I. 5, I. and the day on which they shall give their votes............ A.rt. II. I, 4. day shall be the same throughout the United States......... Art. II., 4. before the fourth day of March next following............... Amend. XII. I. Days-adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place....Art. I. 5, 4-. not be returned by the President within ten days.............Art. I. 7, 2. Death-removal of the President from office, or of his death........Art. II., 6. death, resignation, or inability, both of the President.......A.Art. II. I, 6. in case of the death, or other constitutional disability........Amend. XII. I. Debate-and for any speech or debate in either House............Art. 1. 6, x. 90 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Debt-The validity of the public debt of the United States........ Amend. XIV. 4. assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid.......Amend. XIV.4. Debts-pay the debts and provide for the common defence........Art. 1. 8, x. gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts.......... Art. I. io, x. all debts contracted, and engagements entered into.........,Art. VI. I, I. debts incurred for the payment of pensions and bounties.... Amend. XIV. 4. such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held............Amend. XIV. 4. December-shall be on the first Monday in December............Art.. 4, 2. Declare-war, grant letters of marque and reprisal............... Art. I. 8, II. have power to declare the punishment of treason...........A.Art. III. 3, 2. Declaring-what officer shall then act as President...............Art. II. I, 6. Deem-two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary......... Art. V., I. Defence-provide fbr the common defence...................... Preamble. pay the debts, and provide for the common defence........ Art. I. 8, x. to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.............Amend. VI. Defend-and defend the Constitution of the United States....... Art. II. I, 9. Define-to define and punish piracies and felonies...............Art. I. 8, Io. Delay-such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.......... Art. I. o1, 2. Delaware-Delaware one...................................... Art. I. 2, 3. Delegated-to the United States by the Constitution.............Amend. X. Delivered-up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction.....Art. IV. 2, 2. but shall be delivered up on claim of the party.............. Art. IV. 2, 3. Demand-of the executive authority of the State.................,Art. IV. 2, 2. Denied-to any of the male inhabitants of such State............ Amend. XIV. 2. to vote, shall not be denied or abridged.................... Amend. XV. I. Deny-not be construed to deny or disparage others.......... A mend. IX. nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction, the equal.... Amend. XIV. x. Department-in any department or office thereof................ Art. I. 8, i8. Departments-officer in each of the executive departments......,Art. II. 2, I. in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments......... Art. I. 2, 2. Deprive-any person of life, liberty, or property.................. Amend. XI. I V. x, Deprived-of its equal suffrage in the Senate................... Art. V. I, I. nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without........ A.mend. V. Describing-particularly describing the place to be searched..... A.mend. IV. Desire-shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present...........Art, I. 5, 3. Determine-each He ise may determine the rules of..............Art. I. 5 2. the Congress may determine the time of choosing...........Art. II. I, 4. Determined-shall be determined by adding to the whole.........Art. I. 2, 3. shall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names....,Art. I. 7, 2. Devolve-the same shall devolve on the Vice-President.......... Art. II. I, 6. whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them........A mend. XII. x. Discipline-according to the discipline prescribed by Congress..., Art. I. 8, a6. Disciplining-provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining.... Art. I. 8, x6. Different-unless they shall by law appoint a different day.......Art. I. 4, 2. between citizens of different States.................... A..... rt. III. 2, 1. claiming lands under grants of different States.............,Art. III. 2, X. Diminished-shall neither be increased nor diminished...........A. f II..., 7. not be diminished during their continuance in office.........A4rt. 111. I, x. Direct-direct taxes shall be apportioned among.................. Art. I. 2, 3. in such manner as they shall by law direct................... I.2. 2, 3. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 9I Direct-no capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless......Art. I. 9, 4. such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct..........Art. II. I, 2. Directed-enumeration, herein before directed.......... A.........Art. I. 9, 4. directed to the President of the Senate.....................Art. II. I, 3. places, as the Congress may by law have directed...........Art. III. 2, 3. directed to the President of the Senate............ A n..........nend. XII. I. Disability-be removed, or a President shall be elected............Art. II. I, 6. death, or other constitutional disability of the President......Amend. XII. I. two-thirds of each House, remove such disability............ Amend. XIV. 3. Disagreement-between them with respect to the time.............Art. II. 3, I. Disapproved-being disapproved by him shall be repassed.........Art. I. 7, 3. Discharge-the powers and duties of said office...................Art. II. i, 6. Discharged-be discharged from such service or labor..............Art. IV. 2, 3. Discoveries —'right to their respective writings and discoveries......Art. I. 8, 8. Disorderly-punish its members for disorderly behavior...........Art. I. 5, 2. Disparage-others retained by the people.........A..................end. IX. Dispose-power to dispose of and make all needful rules...........Art. IV. 3, 2. Disqualification-to hold and enjoy any office of honor............Art. I. 3, 7. Distinct-ballots the person voted for as Vice-President............Amend. XII. I. they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for..........Amend. XII. I. District-over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)........Art. I. 8, I7. trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district............ Anend. VI. district shall have been previously ascertained by law.........Amnend. VI. Divided-divided, as equally as may be, into three classes.........Art. I. 3, 2. shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided............ Art. I. 3, 4. Dockyards-dockyards and other needful buildings...............Art. I. 8, I7. Dollars-not exceeding ten dollars for each person................ Art. I. 9, I. the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars.......... Amend. VII. Domestic-establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity...........Preamble. cannot be convened,) against domestic violence..............Art. IV. 4, L. Drawn-No money shall be drawn from the treasury..............Art. I. 9, 6. Due-the party to whom such service or labor may be due.........Art. IV. 2, 3. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law........Amend. XIV. I. Duly-crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.....Amend. XII. x. During-by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of.........Art. I. 3, 2. neither House, during the session of Congress...............Art. I. 5, 4. be privileged from arrest, during their attendance...........Art. I. 6, I. shall, during the time for which he was elected..............A rt. I. 6, 2, shall have been increased, during such time................. Art. I. 6, 2. member of either House during his continuance in...........Art. I. 6, 2. shall hold his office during the term of four years...........Art. II. I, I. during the period for which he shall have been elected.......Art. II. I, 7. all vacancies that may happen during the recess.............Art. II. 2, 3. shall hold their offices during good behavior................Art. III. I, L. not be diminished during their continuance in office.........Art. III. I, I. forfeiture, except during the life of the person, attainted......Art. III. 3, 2. Duties-power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts............Art. I. 8, x. all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform..........Art. I. 8, I. be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another..........Art. I. 9, 5. 92 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Duties-the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts, or duties....Art. I. 1, 2. the net produce of all duties and imposts laid................Art. I. to, 2. or inability to discharge the powers and duties...............Art. II. I, 6. relating to the duties of their respective offices...............A.rt. II. 2, I. Duty-a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation......... Art. I. 9, I. no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported..............2Art. 1. 9, 5. the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage............Art. I. Io,. E,. Each-electors in each State shall have the qualifications........... Art. 1 2, I. each State shall have at least one Representative............Art. I. 2, 3. composed of two Senators from each State................... Art. I. 3, t. and each Senator shall have one vote....................... Art. I. 3, I. prescribed in each State by the Legslature thereof..........Art. I. 4,. each House shall be the judge of the elections...............Art. I. 5, I. a majority of each shall constitute a quorum................. Art. 1. 5, I. under such penalties, as each House may provide...........Art. I. 5, I. each House may determine the rules of its..................Art. I. 5, 2. each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings...........Art. I. 5, 3. entered on the journal of each House, respectively...........Art. 1. 7, 2. not exceeding ten dollars for each person....................Art. I. 9, I. each State shall appoint, in such manner as..................Art. II. I, 2. persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each........Art. II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote..........Art. II. I, 3. of the principal officer in each of the executive...............Art. II. 2, t. full faith and credit shall be given in each State..............Art. IV. I, I. the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all..............Art. IV. I, r. and shall protect each of them against invasion..............Art. IV. 4, I. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign...........Amend. XII. I. the representation from each State having one vote........A..mend. XII. z. counting the whole number of persons in each State.........2A1mend. XIV. a. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House.........Amtzend. XIV. 3. Effect-before the same shall take effect shall be approved.........Art. I. 7, 3. proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof...........Art. IV. i, I. Effects-against unreasonable searches and seizures.............. Amend. IV. Eight-Massachusetts eight...................A..................Art. I. 2, 3. Pennsylvania eight..A......... 2 1 rt............Art. 1. 2, 3. the year one thousand eight hundred and eight..............Art. I. 9, I. prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight......Art. V. x, t. the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.............Art. V. I. Either-yeas and nays of the members of either House...........Art. I. 5, 3. and for any speech or debate in either House.............. Art. I. 6, I. member of either Hotise during his continuance............A Art. 1. 6, 2. occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them..........Art. II. 3, x. which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents..........A..rt. V., ai. Elected-when elected, be an inhabitant of that State............ A rt. I. 2, 2. when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for..........Art. I. 3, 3. shall, during the time for which he was elected..............Art. I. 6, 2. chosen for the same term, be elected as follows.............Art. II. x, x. disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.........Art. 11. I, 6. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 93 Elected-during the period for which he shall have been elected..Art. II. I, 7. Election-shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies....... Art. I. 2, 4. assembled in consequence of the first election...............Art. I. 3, 2. the right to vote at any election, for the choice of............Amend. XI V. 2. Elections-times, places, and manner of holding elections........ Art. 1. 4, 1. each House shall be the judge of the elections...............Art. I. 5, I. Elector-the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.........Art. II. i, 2. or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any.....Amend. XIV. 3. Electors-Electors in each State shall have the qualifications...... Art. I. 2, i. the qualifications requisite for Electors.....................Art. I. 2, I. number of Electors, equal to the whole number.............Art. II. I, 2. the Electors shall meet in their respective States............ Art. II. I, 3. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.........Art. II. I, 3. having the greatest number of votes of the Electors..........Art. II. I, 3. may determine the time of choosing the Electors........... Art. II. I, 4. the Electors shall meet in their respective States............Amend. XII. x. a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.......Amend. XII. 1. a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.......Amend. XII. 2. choice of Electors for President and Vice-President........Amend. XIV. 2. Eligible-shall be eligible to the office of President............... Art. II. I, 5; eligible to that office, who shall not have attained...........Art. II. a, 5i eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.......Amend. XIL. 3. Emancipation-loss or emancipation of any slave................ Amend. XIV. 4. Emit-coin money; emit bills of credit..........................Art. I. Io, I. Emolument-office, or title of any kind whatever................Art. L 9, 7. not receive, within that period, any other emolument........Art. II. I, 7. Emoluments —whereof shall have been increased, during.........Art. I. 6, 2. Employed-part of them as may be employed in the service.......Art. I. 8, i6. End-which shall expire at the end of their next session...........Art. II. 2, 3. Enemies-in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid..........Art. III. 3. I. or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof.............Amend. XIV. 3. Enforce-this article by appropriate legislation.... -' Amend. XIII. 2. no State shall make or enforce any law, which..............Amend. XIV. I. Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate......... Amend. XlV. 5. the Congress shall have power to enforce this article.........Amtend. XV: 2. Engage-or engage in war, unless actually invaded..............Art. I. o0, 2 Engaged-in insurrection or rebellion against..................... Amend. XIV. 3. Engagements-entered into before the adoption of.............. Art. VI. I, I. Enjoy-disqualification to hold and enjoy any office..............Art. L 3, 7. shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial............Amend. I/I. Enter-shall enter the objections at large on their journal.......... Art. I. 7, 2. be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.......... Art. I 9, 5. no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or............Art. I. Io, I, enter into any agreement or compact with another........... Art. I. Io, 2. before he enter on the execution of his office.................Art. II. I, 8; Entered-one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.....Art. I. 5, 3. voting for and against the bill shall be entered............. Art. I. 7, 2.' engagements entered into before the adoption of this......... Art. VI. I, I!. Entitled-New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three.......Art. I. 2, 3, to which the State may be entitled in the Congress..........Art II. I, 2. 94 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Entitled-be entitled to all the privileges and immunities..........Art. IV. 2, 1. Enumeration —he actual enumeration shall be made............Art. I. 2, 3. until such enumeration shall be made......................Art. 1. 2, 3. census or enumeration herein before directed................ Art. I. 9, 4. the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights.........Amend. IX. Equal-number of Electors, equal to the whole....................Art. II. I, 2. and have an equal number of votes; then the House.........Art. II. I, 3. should remain two or more, who have equal votes...........Art. II. I, 3. shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.........Art. V. I, I. within its jurisdiction, the equal protection of the laws....... Amend. XIV. x. Equally-divided, as equally as may be, into three classes........Art. I. 3, 2. shall have no vote unless they be equally divided........... Art. I. 3, 4. Equity-in law and equity, arising under this Constitution......... Art. III. 2, I. suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted............. Amend. XI. Erected-but no new State shall be formed or erected.............Art. IV. 3, 1. Erection-of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards.............. Art. 1. 8, 17. Escaping —into another, shall, in consequence of any law.........Art. IV. 2, 3. Establish-establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity..........Preamble. do ordain and establish this Constitution................... Preamble. to establish a uniform rule of naturalization................. Art. I. 8, 4. to establish post-offices and post-roads.....................Art. I. 8, 7. Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish......Art. III. Is I. Established-and which shall be established by law..............Art. II. 2, 2. Establishment-of this Constitution between the States........... Art. VII. I, a. no law respecting an establishment of religion............... Amend. I. Ever-but no religious test shall ever be required................. Art. VI. I, 3. Every-chosen every second year by the people...................Art. I. 2, I. within every subsequent term of ten years.................. Art. I. 2, 3. shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand...............Art. I. 2, 3. so that one-third may be chosen every second year..........Art. I. 3, 2. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year........... rt. I. 4, 2. every bill, which shall have passed the House................ Art. I. 7, 2. every order, resolution, or vote, to which the................Art. I. 7, 3. in every case, after the choice of a President.................Art. II. 1, 3. records, and judicial proceedings of every other State........Art. IV. I, I. to every State in this Union a republican form...............Art. IV. 4, I. the judges in every State shall be bound thereby.............Art. VI. 1, 2. Exceed-the number of representatives shall not exceed............Art. I. 2, 3. value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars.............Amend. VII. Exceeding-over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)....Art. I. 8, 27. importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each..............Art. I. 9, I. not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for............Amend. XII. I. Except-or alter such regulations, except as to the places.........Art. I. 4, I. except treason, felony, and breach of the peace.............Art. I. 6, I. necessary (except on a question of adjournment)............Awt. I. 7, 3. duties on imports or exports, except what may be..........Art. I. IO, 2. no person, except a natural-boon citizen, or a...............Art. II. a, 5. pardons for offences against the United States, except.....Art. II. 2, I. trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment...........Art. III. 2, 3. forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted......Art. III. 3, 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 95 Except-except in cases arising in the land or naval forces.........Amend. V. nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment........... Amend. XIII. x. abridged, except for participation in rebellion................ Amend. XIV. 2. Excepted-(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented.Art. I. 7, 2. Excepting-excepting such parts as may in their judgment........Art. I. 5, 3. Exceptions-and under such regulations, as the Congress........Art. III. 2, 2. Excessive-excessive bail shall not be required.................. Amend. VIII. nor excessive fines imposed................................Amend. VIII. Excises —and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises............Art. I. 8, I. all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform............Art. I. 8, I. Excluding-excluding Indians noi taxed................. r.... Art. I. 2, 3. excluding Indians not taxed...............................Amend. XIV. 2. Exclusive-to authors and inventors the exclusive right........... Art. I. 8, 8. to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases.................. Art. I. 8, i7. Execute-the militia to execute the laws of the Union............Art. I. 8, x5. that I will faithfully execute the office of President...........Art. II. I, 9. Executed-take care that the laws be faithfully executed..........Art. II. 3, I. Executing-necessary for executing its inspection laws............Art. I. 10, 2. Execution-for carrying into execution the foregoing.............. Art. I. 8, I8. before he enter on the execution of his office................Art. II. I, 8. Executive-executive authority thereof shall issue writs...........Art. I. 2, 4. the executive thereof may make temporary..................Art. I. 3, 2. executive power shall be vested' in a President..............Art. II. I, I. principal officer in each of the executive departments........Art. II. 2, I. on demand of the executive authority of the State...........Art. IV. 2, 2. on application of the legislature, or of the executive..........Art. IV. 4, I. legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers...........Art. III. I, 3. the executive and judicial officers of a State.... Am......... Amend. XIV. 2. as an executive or judicial officer of any State...............Amend. XIV. 3. Exercise-when he shall exercise the office of President...........Art. I. 3, 5. to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases.................Art. 1. 8, I6. to exercise like authority over all places purchased..........Art. I. 8, 27. religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..............Amend. I. Exist-in the United States, or any place subject to their..........Amend. XIII. x. Existing-States, now existing, shall think proper to admit.......Art. I. 9, I. Expedient-as he shall judge necessary and expedient.......... Art. II. 3, I. Expel-With the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.......Art. I. 5, 2. Expenditures-of all public money shall be published............. Art. I. 9, 6. Expiration-vacated at the expiration of the second year..........Art. I. 3, 2. of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year.......Art. I. 3, 2. of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year..........Art. I. 3, 2. Expire-commissions, which shall expire at the'end.............. Art. II. 2, 3. Exported-shall be laid on articles exported from any State.......Art. I. 9, 5. Exports-lay any imposts or duties on imports, or exports........Art. I. Io, 2. laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be............Art. I. Io, 2. Ex Post Facto-attainder, or ezxost facto law, shall............Art. I. 9, 3. pass any bill of attainder, or ex post facto law............A Art. I. Io, I. Extend-judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend......Art. I. 3, 7. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity............Art. III. 2, X. shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law...........Amend. XI. Extraordinary-occasions, convene both Houses.................Art. II. 3, x. 96 A CONCORDANCE TO THIE F. Fact-appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact................ A rt. 111. 2, 2. no fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined.......Amend. VII. Faith-full faith and credit shall be given in each State........... Art. IV. x, I. Faithfully-that I will faithfully execute the office................. Art. II. I, 9. he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed........Art. II. 3, I. Favor-process for obtaining witnesses in his favor.............. Amend. VI. Felonies-to define and punish piracies and felonies..............Art. I. 8, 9. Felony-except treason, felony, and breach of the peace...........Art. I. 6, I. in any State with treason, felony, or other crime..............Art. IV. 2, 2. Fifth-shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present............A..rt. I. 5, 3. Fifths —three-fifths of all other persons...........................Art. I. 2, 3. Fill-shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies..............Art. I. 2, 4. the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies..........Art. I. 3, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies........... Art. II. 2, 3. Fines-nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and................ Amend. VIII. First-within three years after the first meeting of the............ Art. I. 2, 3. assembled in consequence of the first election............... Art. I. 3, 2. of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated............ Art. I. 3, 2. meeting shall be on the first Monday in December..........Art. I. 4, 2. the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section..............Art. V. I, I. clauses in the ninth section of the first article.................Art. V. I, I. Five-Connecticut five.......................................... Art. I. 2, 3. North Carolina five........................................Art. I. 2, 3. South Carolina five........................................Art. I. 2, 3. from the five highest on the list, the said House.............-Art. II. I, 3. Fix-and fix the standard of weights and measures................ Art. I. 8, 5. Fled-the State from which he fled, be delivered up...............Art. IV. 2, 2. Flee-shall flee from justice, and be found in another State........Art. IV. 2. 2. Following-shall take the following oath or affirmation............Art. II. I, 8. before the fourth day of March next following................ Amend. XII. a. Follo'ws-chosen for the same term, be elected as follows.........Art. II. I, I. Forces-and regulation of the land and naval forces..............-rt. I. 8, 14. except in cases arising in the land or naval forces.......... A.mend. V. Foregoing-carrying into execution the foregoing powers..........Art. I. 8, I8. Foreign-with foreign nations, and among the several States......Art. I. 8, 3. money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin....... Art. I. 8, 5. whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State............Art. I. 9, 7. compact with another State, or with a foreign power......... A. I. I., 2. citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects....... Art. III. 2, I. or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state................ Amend. XI. Forfeiture-except during the life of the person attainted.........A.Art. III. 3, 2. Form-in order to form a more perfect union.....................Preamble. State in this Union, a republican form of government........ Art. IV. 4, I. Formed-no new State shall be formed or erected................. Art. IV. 3, I. nor any State be formed by the junction of two............. Art. IV. 3, I. Forts-the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards........Art. 1. 8, 27. Found-flee from justice, and be found in another State...........Art. IV. 2, 2. Four-shall hold his office during the term of four years...........Art. II. I, I. New Jersey four........................................Art. I. 2, 3. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 97 Fourteen-years a resident within the United States..............Ar. II. I, 5. Fourth-second class, at the expiration of the fourth year..........Art. I. 3, 2. the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section..............Art. V. I, I. before the fourth day of March, next, following............. Amend. XII. I. Fourths-the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States.... Art. V. I, I. Free-by adding to the whole number of free persons..............Art. I. 2, 3. religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.............. Amend. I. militia being necessary to the security of a free State.........Amend. II. Freedom-abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press........Amend. 1. Full-full faith and credit shall be given in each State.............Art. IV. I, I. Further-not extend further than to removal from office............Art. I. 3, 7. G. General-promote the general welfare............................Preamble. provide for the common defence and general welfare.........Art. I. 8, s. Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner........Art. IV. I, I. Georgia-Georgia three.........................................Art. I. 2, 3. Give-and the day on which they shall give their votes............Art. II. I, 4. he shall, from time to time, give to the Congress.............Art. II. 3, I. Given-by any regulation of commerce or revenue................Art. I. 9, 5. full faith and credit shall be given in each State.............Art. IV. I, I. given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof..................Amend. XIV. 3. Giving-in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid.............Art. III. 3, I. Going-and in going to, and returning from, the same............. rt. 1. 6, I. Gold-make anything but gold and silver coin a tender...........Art. I. Io, I. Good-shall hold their offices during good behavior...............Art. III. I, I. Governing-the militia, and for governing such part of them......Art. I. 8, i6. Government-and regulation of the land and naval forces.........Art. I. 8, I4. the seat of the government of the United States.............Art. I. 8, I7. vested by this Constitution in the government...............Art. I. 8, I8. to the seat of the government of the United States...........Art. II. I, 3. State in the Union a republican form of government.........Art. IV. 4, I. petition the government for a redress of grievances..........Amend. I. transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government..............Amend. XII. 1. Grand-a presentment or indictment of a grand jury..............Amend. V. Grant-declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal..........Art. I. 8, II. grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money............Art. I. xo, I. of contracts, or grant any title of nobility...................Art. I. Io, I. he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons.........Art. II. 2, I. Granted-all Legislative powers herein granted...................Art. I. I, I. no title of nobility shall be granted..........................Art. I. 9, 7. Grants-claiming lands under grants of different States...........Art. III. 2, I. Granting-commissions, which shall expire at the end............ Art. II. 2, 3. Greatest-the person having the greatest number of votes.........Art. II. I, 3. having the greatest number of votes of the Electors..........Art. II. I, 3. the person having the greatest number of votes.............Amend. XII. I. the person having the greatest number of votes..............Amend. XII. a. Grievances-the government for a redress of grievances..........Amend. I. Guaranty-to every State in this Union a republican..............Art. IV. 4, I. 7 98 A CONCORDANCE TO THE H. Habeas corpus —shall not be suspended, unless................. Art. I. 9, 2. Happen-when vacancies happen in the representation...........Art. I. 2, 4. if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise.............Art. I. 3, 2. vacancies that may happen during the recess...............Art. I. 2, 3. Have-Electors in each State shall have the qualifications........Art. I. 2, I. *each State shall have at least one Representative............ Art. I. 2, 3. shall have the sole power of impeachment.................. Art. I. 2, 5. and each Senator shall have one vote...................... Art. I. 3, I. shall have the sole power to try all impeachments............Art. I. 3, 6. Congress shall have power to lay and collect............... Art. I. 8, i. if there be more than one who have such majority........Art. II. I., 3. and have an equal number of votes, then the House.........Art. II. I, 3. if no person have a majority, then from the five.............Art. II. I, 3. should remain two or more who have equal votes............Art. IfI. 3. he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons......... Art. II. 2, I. he shall have power, by and with the advice................A4rt. II. 2, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies.......... Art. II. 2, 3. the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction........Arrt 111. 2, 2. the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction.........Art. III. 2, 2. have power to declare the punishment of treason............Art. III. 3, 2. Congress shall have power to dispose of and make..........Art. IV. 3, 2. to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses.......... Amend. VI. and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.........Amend. VI. and if no person have such majority, then from.............Amend. XII. I. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest......Amend. XII. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article............Amend. XIII. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate........Amend. XIV. 5. the Congress shall have power to enforce this article........ Amend. XV. 2. Having-the person having the greatest number of votes..........Art. II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote..........Art. II. I, 3. the person having the greatest number of votes............. Art. II. I, 3. removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime........ Art. IV. 2, 2. the person having the greatest number of votes..............Amend. XII. I. then from the persons having the highest numbers..........Amend. XII. I. the representation from each State having one vote..........Amend. XII. I. the person having the greatest number of votes..............A mend. XII. 2. having previously taken an oath as a member............... Amend. XIV. 3. Heads-in the courts of law, or in the heads of Departments..... Art. II. 2, 2. Held-shall be held in the State, where the said crimes...........Art. III. 2, 3. no person held to service or labor in one State.............. Art. IV. 2, 3. no person shall be held to answer for a capital..............Amend. V. obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void........ Amtend. XIV. 4. Herein-all Legislative powers herein granted................... Art. I. I, I. or enumeration, herein before directed to be taken..........Art. I. 9, 4. appointments are not herein otherwise provided for..........Art. II. 2, 2. High-piracies and felonies committed on the high-seas.......... Art. 1. 8, Io. treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors... Art. II. 4, x. Highest-from the five highest on the list........................ Art. II. I, 3. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 99 Highest-then, from the persons having the highest numbers......Amend. XII. I. highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose..........Amend. XII. 2. Himself-in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself....Amend. V. Hold-disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor.......Art. I. 3, 7. shall hold his office during the term of four years..........A..rt. II. I, x. shall hold their offices during good behavior........... A....Art. III. 1, I. hold any office, civil or military, under the United States....Amend. XIV. 3. Holding-times, places, and manner of holding elections.......... Art. I. 4, I. and no person holding any office under the................. Art. I. 6, 2. no person holding any office of profit or trust...............Art. I. 9, 7. or person holding an office of trust or profit.................. Art. II., 2. Honor-disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor.....Art. 1. 3, 7House-consist of a Senate and House of Representatives........Art. I. I, x. the House of Representatives shall be composed........... Art. I. 2, I. shall choose their Speaker and other officers............... Art. I. 2, 5. each House shall be the judge of the elections...........Art. I. 5, I. under such penalties, as each House may provide.......... Art. 1. 5, I. each House may determine the rules of its...................Art. L. 5, 2. each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings...........Art. I. 5, 3. yeas and nays of the members of either House.............A. rt. I. 5, 3. neither House, during the session of Congress............... Art. I. 5, 4. and for any speech or debate in either House................Art. I. 6, x. member of either House during his continuance..............Art. I. 6, 2. for raising revenue shall originate in the House............ Art. I. 7, I. every bill which shall have passed the House...............Art. L. 7, 2. return it, with his objections, to that House in which........Art. I. 7, 2. two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill......... Art. I. 7, 2. sent, together with the objections, to the other House........Art. I. 7, 2. if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall........... Art. I. 7. 2. entered on the journal of each House, respectively..........Art. I. 7, 2. to which the concurrence of the Senate and House..........Art. I. 7, 3. be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House.........Art. I. 7, 3. shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of...........Art. IIx., 3. House of Representatives shall immediately choose..........Art. II. I, 3. said House shall, in like manner, choose the President.......Art. II. I. 3. be quartered in any house, without the consent..............Amend. III. presence df the Senate and House of Representatives........Amend. XII. I. the House of Representatives shall choose immediately......Amend. VMi. x. if the House of Representatives shall not choose.............Amend. XII. I. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House.........Amend. XI.V 3. Houses-place than that in which the two Houses shall be.........4rt. I. 5, 4. attendance at the session of their respective Houses.........Art. I. 6, I. the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas.........Art. I. 7, 2. occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them.......... Art. II. 3, I. two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary.......... Art. V. x, 1. secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects..........Amend. IV. Hundred-year one thousand eight hundred and eight........... IArt. 9, x. prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight...... Art. V. a, x. IO0 A CONCORDANCE TO THE I. If-and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise............Art. I. 3, 2. if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not he shall............Art. I. 7, 2. if, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House.......Art. I. 7, 2. reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that..........Art. I. 7, 2. if any bill shall not be returned by the President.............Art. I. 7, 2. shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it..........Art. I. 7, 2. shall be the President, if such number be a majority.........Art. II. I, 3. if there be more than one who have such majority............Art. II. I, 3. if no person have a majority, then from the five..............Art. II. I, 3. if there should remain two or more who have equal votes.....Art. II. I. 3. if such number be a majority of the whole..................Amend. XII. I. and if no person have such majority, then, from the..........Amend. XII. I. if the House of Representatives shall not choose.............Amend. XII. I. the Vice-President, if such number be a majority........ A.... Aend. XII. 2. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest......Amend. XII. 2. Illegal-and claims shall be held illegal and void...................Amend. XIV. 4. Immediately-immedately after they shall be assembled..........Art. I. 3, 2. House of Representatives shall immediately choose..........Art. II. I, 3. the House of Representatives shall choose immediately......Amend. XII. I. Imminent-danger, as will not admit of delay....................Art. I. Io, 2. Immunities-of citizens in the several States.....................Art. IV. 2, I. abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens.............. Amend. XIV. I. Impairing-or law impairing the obligation of contracts...........Art. I. Io, I. Impartial-jury of the State and district, wherein the crime.......Amend. VI. Impeachment-have the sole power of impeachment..............Art. I. 2, 5. judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend..........Art. I. 3, 7. the United States, except in cases of impeachment.......... Art. II. 2, I. shall be removed from office, on impeachment...............Art. II. 4, I. except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury............ Art. III. 2, 3. Impeachments-the sole power to try all impeachments.........Art. I. 3, 6. Importation-of such persons as any of the States................ Art. I. 9, I. on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars...............Art. I. 9, I. Imports-lay any imposts, or duties on imports or exports........Art. I. 0o, 2. duties and imposts laid, by any State on imports............Art. I. IO, 2. Imposed-on such importation not exceeding ten dollars...........Art. I. 9, I. nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual...........Amend. VIII. Imposts-to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts.................Art. 1. 8, I. all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform.............Art. I. 8, I. the net produce of all duties and imposts laid...............Art.. IO, 2. consent of the Congress, lay any imposts, or duties..........Art. I. Io, 2. Inability-to dischange the powers and duties of the said.........Art. Il. I, 6. inability, both of the President and Vice-President.......... Art. II., 6. Included-States which may be included within this Union........Art. I. 2, 3: Including-offree persons, including those bound to..............Art. I. 2, 3. including debts incurred for the payment of pensions....... Amend. XIV. 4. Increased-emoluments whereof shall have been increased........Art. I. 6, 2. shall neither be increased nor diminished, during............ Art. II. I, 7.. Incurred-for the payment of pensions and bounties.............. Amend. XIV. 4. or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection......A............Amend. XIV. 4. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. IOI Indian-among the several States, and with the Indian tribes......Art. I. 8, 3. Indians-excluding Indians not taxed...........................Art. I. 2, 3. excluding Indians not taxed............................... A mend. XIV. 2. Indictment-subject to indictment, trial, judgment.................Art. I. 3, 7. on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury..............Amend. V. Ineligible-to the office of President, shall be eligible.............A mend. XII. 3. Infamous-crime, unless on a presentment or indictment......... Anmend. V. Inferior-constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.......Art. I. 8, 9. by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers.........,rt. II. 2, 2. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts..........A..rt. III. i, I. the judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts.......... Art. III. I, I. Inflicted-nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted............Amend. VIII. Information-of the State of the Union, and recommend........A..rt. 11. 3, I. Informed-of the nature and cause of the accusation.............. Amend. VI. Infringed-to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.......... Amend. II. Inhabitant —be an inhabitant of that State in which...............Art. I. 2, 2. inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen..........Art. I. 3, 3. shall not be an inhabitant of the same State................. Art. II. I, 3. of the same State with themselves..........................4Amend. XII. I. Inhabitants-of such State, being twenty-one years of age........4Amend. XIV. 2. Inspection-necessary for executing its inspection laws........... Art.. lo, 2. Insure-to establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity..........Preamble. Insurrection-engaged in insurrection or rebellion................ Almend. XIV. 3. services for suppressing insurrection or rebellion............. Amend. XIV. 4. or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection................. Amend. XYIY. 4. Insurrections-suppress insurrections and repel invasions.........A4rt. I. 8, 25. Intents-and purposes, as part of this Constitution................ Art. V. I, I. Invaded-unless actually invaded, or in such imminent............ Art. I. Io, 2. Invasion-in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety....... Art. I. 9, 2. shall protect each of them against invasion......A.............rt. IV. 4, I. Invasions —suppress insurrections, and repel invasions...........rt. I. 8, 25. Inventors-securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors...Art. I. 8, 8. Involuntary-servitude, except as a punishment for crime........A. mend. XIII. I. Issue —executive authority thereof shall issue writs................ Art. I. 2, 4. no warrants shall issue, but uDon probable cause............Amend. IV. J. Jeopardy-to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.............. Amend. V. Journal-shall keep a journal of its proceedings.................. Art. I. 5, 3. one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.......... Art. I. 5, 3. shall enter the objections at large on their journal............,Art. I. 7, 2. entered on the journal of each House, respectively..........Art. I. 7, 2. Judge-each House shall be the judge of the elections............. Art. I. 5, I. measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient........Art. II. 3, I. Judges-judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers....... Art. II. 2, 2. the judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts.......... Art. III. I, I. the judges in every State shall be bound thereby............ Art. VI. I, 2. Judgment-in cases of impeachment; shall not extend.............Art. I. 3, 7. trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law...........,Art. I. 3, 7. parts, as may, in their judgment, require secrecy............Art. I. 5, 3. 102 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Judicial-the judicial power of the United States................. Art. III. I, x. the judicial power shall extend to all cases................... rt. III. 2, I. the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings............Art. IV. I, I. legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers.......... Art. VI. I, 3. the judicial power of the United States shall not.............Amend. XI. the executive and judicial officers of a State.................Amend. XIV. 2. as an executive or judicial officer of any State...............Amend. XIV. 3. Junction-of two or more States, or parts of States...............Art. IV. 3, I. Jurisdiction-cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction........Art. III. 2, I. the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction..........Art. III 2, 2. the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction.......... Art. III. 2, 2. removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime........Art. IV. 2, 2. erected within the jurisdiction of any other State............ Artf IV. 3, I. the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction..Amend. XIII. I. in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof..Amend. XIV. I. nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction, the equal....Amend. XIV. I. Just-be taken for public use, without just compensation..........Amend. V. Justice —establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity.............Preamble. shall flee from justice, and be found in another State........Art. IV. 2, 2. Jury-except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury............Art. III. 2, 3. a presentment or indictment of a grand jury................. Amend. V. trial by an impartial jury, of the State and district...........Amend. VI. the right of trial by jury shall be preserved...................Amend. VII. no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined........Amend. VII. K. Keep-shall keep a journal of its proceedings..................... Art. I. 5, 3. lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war........Art. I. Io, 2. the right of the people to keep and bear arms.................Amend II. Kind-or title, of any kind whatever, from any king............... Art. I. 9, 7. King-whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state............Art./. 9, 7. L. Labor —no person held to service or labor in one State.............Art. IV. 2, 3. be discharged from such service or labor....................Art. IV. 2, 3. claim of the party to whom such service or labor.............Art. IV. 2, 3. Laid-capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless...........Art. I. 9, 4. no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported..............Art. I. 9, 5. the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid...............Art. I. Io, 2. Land-rules concerning captures on land and water................Art. I. 8, ix. government and regulation of the land and naval forces......Art. I. 8, a4. United States, shall be the supreme law of the land..........Art. VI. I, 2. except in cases arising in the land or naval forces............Amend. V. Lands-between citizens of the same State, claiming lands.........Art. III. 2, i. Large-shall enter the objections at large on their journal..........Art. I. 7, 2. Law-in such manner as they shall by law direct.................. Art. I. 2, 3. trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law............Art. I. 3, 7. Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter............ Art. I. 4, a. unless they shall by law appoint a different day..............Art. I. 4, a. ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury...........Art. I. 6, z. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 103 Law-shall, before it become a law, be presented to the............Art.. 7, 2. by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law...........Art. I. 7, 2. shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it...........Art. I. 7, 2. prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law..........Art. I. 7, 2. the high seas, and offences against the law of nations.........Art. I. 8, io. of attainder, or ex pfiostfacto 7aw, shall be passed............. rt. I. 9, 3. but in consequence of appropriations made by law........... Art. I. 9, 6. pass any bill of attainder, or ex post facto law.............. Art. I. o, I. or law impairing the obligation of contracts.................. Art. I. Io, I. by law, provide for the case of removal, death................ Art. II. I, 6. provided for, and which shall be established by law..........Art. II. 2, 2. but the Congress may by law vest the appointment...........Art. II. 2, 2. in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments..........Art. 1I. 2, 2. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity.............Art. III. 2, I. appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact................ Art. III. 2, 2. or places, as the Congress may by law have directed........ Art. III. 2, 3. shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein.........Art. IV. 2, 3. United States, shall be the supreme law of the land..........Art. VI. I, 2. no law respecting an establishment of religion............... Amend. I. times of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law........ Amend. III. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. V. district shall have been previously ascertained by law........Amend. VI. in suits at common laW, where the value.....................Amend. VII. than according to the rules of common law..................AAmend. VII. suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted..............Amend. XI. no State shall make or enforce any law, which...............Amend. XIV. I. of life, liberty, or property without duV process of law........Anzend. XIV. I. authorized by law, including debts incurred for..............Amnend. XIV. 4. Laws-and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies...........Art. I. 8, 4. calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the............Art. 1. 8, i5. make all laws which shall be necessary and proper..........Art. I. 8, i8. necessary for the execution of its inspection laws............. Art. I. I., 2. and all such laws shall be subject to the revision.............Art. I. Io, 2. he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed....... Art. II. 3, I. the laws of the United States, and treaties made.............Art. III. 2, I. Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner........A rt. Il1 I, I. service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof.......... Art. IV. 2, 3. the laws of the United States, which shall be made..........Art. VI. I, 2. or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.........Art. VI. I, 2. within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws........Anzend. XIV. I. Lay-Congress shall have power to lay and collect.................Art. I. 8, I. consent of the Congress, lay any imposts, or duties..........Art. I. Io, 2. lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war........Art. I. Io, 2. Least-Each State shall have at least one representative...........Art. I. 2, 3. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year..........Art. I. 4, 2. one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same...........Art. II. I, 3. at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State.........Amnend. XII. I. Legislation-exercise exclusive legislation in all cases............. Art. I. 8, I7. power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.......Amend. XIII. 2. power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions...Amend. XIV. 5. 104 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Legislation -power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.Amzend. XV. 2. Legislative-all legislative powers herein granted................. Art. I. x, I. Legislature-most numerous branch of the State legislature.......Art. I. 2, 1. Senators from each State chosen by the legislature..........Art. I. 3, I. during the recess of the legislature of any State.............Art. I. 3, 2. until the next meeting of the legislature....................Art. I. 3, 2. prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof........... Art. I. 4, I. purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State......Art. I. 8, x7. such manner as the legislature thereof may direct...........Art. II. I, 2. on application of the legislature, or of the executive..........Art. IV. 4, I. (when the legislature cannot be convened).................. Art. IV. 4, I. officers of a State, or the members of the legislature..........Amend. XIV. 2. or as a member of any State legislature.................... A mend. XIV. 3. Legislatures-consent of the legislatures of the States............ Art. IV. 3, I. on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds........... A rt. V. I, I. the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States.........Art. V. I, I. and the members of the several State legislatures............Art. VI. I, 3. Letters-declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal.........Art. I. 8, II. grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money.............Art. I. io, I. Levying-war against them, or in adhering to their enemies.......Art. III. 3, I. Liable-nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment...........Art. I. 3, 7. Liberty-and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves........... Preamble. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law......Amend. XIV. V. Life —except during the life of the person attainted...............Art. III. 3, 2. offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb...........A mend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law......Amend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law......Amend. XIV. r. Like-shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it..........Art. I. 7, 2. to exercise like authority over all places purchased........... Art. I. 8, I7. House shall, in like manner, choose the President...........Ar II. II., 3. Likewise-House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered.......Art. I. 7, 2. Limitations-and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.......Art. I. 7, 3. Limb-to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.................. Amend. V. Limited-securing for limited times to authors and inventors....... Art. I. 8, 8. List-they shall make a list of all the persons voted for...........Art. I. I, 3. which list they shall sign, and certify, and transmit..........Art. II. I, 3. from the five highest on the list, the said House..............Art. IIa., 3. not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for............Amend. XII. I. then from the two highest numbers on the list............... Amend. XII. 2. Lists-they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for.......Amend. XII. I. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign.........Amend. XII. I. Longer-of money to that use shall be for a longer term than......Art. 1. 8, 12. Loss —claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave.............Amend. AIV. 4. MI. Made-enumeration shall be made within three years.............Art. I. 2, 3. until such enumeration shall be made.......................Art. I. 2, 3. but in consequence of appropriations made by law...........Art. I. 9, 6. the laws of the United States, and treaties made............Art. III. 2, I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. I05 Made-or which shall be made under their authority..............Art. 111. 2, I. Provided, that no amendment which may be made..........Art. V. I, I. the laws of the United States which shall be made.......Art. VI. I, 2. or which shall be made under the authority of the...........4.Art. VI. I, 2. Magazines-erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, and............ rt. I. 8, 17. Maintain-to provide and maintain a navy.......................Art. I. 8, I3. Majority-a majority of each shall constitute a quorum...........Art. I. 5, I. if such number be a majority of the whole number...........Art. II. I, 3. if there be more than one who have such majority...........Art. II. I. 3. if no person have a majority, then from the five..............Art. II. 1, 3. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.......Art. II. I, 3. be a majority of the whole number of electors.............. Amend. XII. I. a majority of all the States shall be necessary............... Amend. XII. I. Vice-President, if such number be a majority....... A.........Amend. XII. 2. a majority of the whole number of electors appointed.........Amendz. XII. 2. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest......Amend. XII. 2. a majority of the whole number shall be necessary...........Amend. e'II. 2. Make-the executive thereof may make temporary................Art. I. 3, 2. Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter............Art. I. 4, I. make rules concerning captures on land and water...........Art. I. 8, II. to make rules for the government and regulation of...........Art. I. 8, 14. make all laws which shall be necessary and proper...........Art. I. 8, I8. make anything but gold and silver a tender.................Art. I. Io, I. they shall make a list of all the persons voted for...........A..rt. II. I, 3. advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties........... Art. If. 2, 2. under such regulations, as the Congress shall make..........Art. III. 2, 2. dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations........Art. IV. 3, 2. make no law respecting an establishment of religion..........Anmend. I. they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for.........Amend. XII. no State shall make or enforce any law which................ Amend. XIV. I. Male-inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years..........Amnentd. XIV. 2. proportion which the number of such male citizens..........Amend. XIV. 2. shall bear to the whole number of male citizens.............. Amend. XIV. 2. Manner-in such manner as they shall by law direct..............Art. I. 2, 3. the times, places, and manner, of holding elections...........Art. I. 4, I. attendance of absent members, in such manner..............Art. I. 5, I. shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it..........Art. I. 7, 2. each State shall appoint, in such manner as....A............. - Art. II. I, 2. House shall, in like manner, choose the President...........Art. II. I, 3. prescribe the manner in which such acts, records............ Art. IV. I, I. in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses............Art. V. I, I. nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed........ Amend. III. March-the fourth day of March next following................ Amend.XII. r. Maritime-cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction..........Art. III. 2. I. Marque-declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal........Art. I. 8, II. grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money............ Art. I. Io, I. Maryland-Maryland six.........Ar...................... Art. I. 2, 3. Massachusetts-Massachusetts eight...........................Art. I. 2, 3. May-divided as equally as may be into three classes.............Art. I. 3, 2. so that one-third may be chosen every second year............ Art. I. 3, 2. io6 A CONCORDANCE TO THE May-the executive thereof may make temporary.................. Art. I. 3, 2. Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter............Art. I. 4, I. a smaller number may adjourn from day to day.............Art. I. 5, I. may be authorized to compel the attendance....:...........Art. I. 5, I. under such penalties, as each House may provide...........Art. r. 5, I. each House may determine the rules of its.................Art. I. 5, 2. parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy............Art. I. 5, 3. the Senate may propose or concur with amendments.........Art. I. 7, I. (not exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession..........Art. I. 8, 17. a tax or duty may be imposed on such importations..........Art. I. 9, I. such manner as the legislature thereof may direct...........Art. II. I, 2. the Congress may determine the time of choosing............ Art. II. I, 4. may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal...........Art. II. 2, I. but the Congress may by law vest the appointment.........Art. II. 2, 2. may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses..... Art. II. 3, I. may adjourn them to such time, as he shall think............Art. II. 3, I. inferior courts, as Congress may from time to time...........Art. III. I, I. or places, as the Congress may by law have directed........ Art. III. 2, 3. Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner........Art. IV. I, I. new States may be admitted by the Congress................Art. II' 3, I. mode of ratification may be proposed by Congress...........Art. V. I, I. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House.......Amend. XIV. 3. Measures-and fix the standard of weights and measures........Art. I. 8, 5. recommend to their consideration such measures as..........Art. II. 3, i. Meet-The Electors shall meet in their respective States...........Art. II. I, 3. The Electors shall meet in their respective States............Amzend. XII. I. Meeting-within three years after the first meeting of............A rt. I. 2, 3. appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature.......Art. I. 3, 2. meeting shall be on the first Monday in December..........Art. 1. 4, 2. Member-the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member..........Art. I. 5, 2. under the United States shall be a member of either.........Art. I. 6, 2. consist of a member or members from two-thirds.............Art. II. I, 3. consist of a member or members from two-thirds............A mendZ. X.I. I. previously taken an oath as a member of Congress...........Amend. XIV. 3. or as a member of any State Legislature.................... Amend. XIV. 3. Members-of members chosen every second year.................Art. I. 2, I. the concurrence of two-thirds of the members................ Art. I. 3, 6. returns, and qualifications, of its own members.............Art. I. 5, I. to compel the attendance of absent members.................Art. I. 5, I. punish its members for disorderly behavior..................Art. I. 5, 2. yeas and nays of the members of either House...............Art. I. 5, 3. consist of a member or members from two-thirds.............Art. II. I, 3. and the members of the several State Legislatures...........Art. VI. I, 3. consist of a member or members from two-thirds............. A end. XII. I. officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature......... Azenzd. XIV. 2. Mentioned-cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court.......... Art. III. 2, 2. The Senators and Representative before mentioned..........Art. VI. I, 3. Migration-or importation of such persons any of the States.......Art. I. 9, I. Miles-over such district (not exceeding ten miles square).........,Art. 1. 8, I7. Military-or hold any office, civil or military......................A men. XV. 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 107 Militia-for calling forth the militia to execute the laws............Art. I. 8, I5; for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia...........Art. I. 8, i6. officers, and the authority of training the militia.............Art. I. 8, i6. of the several States, when called into the..............Art. II. 2, I. well regulated militia being necessary to the security.........Amend. II. the militia, when in actual service, in time of war...........Amend. V. Ministers-appoint ambassadors, other public ministers...........Art. II. 2, 2. shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers.........Art. II. 3, I. ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls............Art. III. 2, I. ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State.......... Art. III. 2, 2. Misdemeanors-or other high crimes and misdemeanors..........Art. II. 4, 1. Mode-of ratification may be proposed by the Congress...........Art. V. I, I. Monday-shall be on the first Monday in December..............Art. I. 4, 2. Money-borrow money on the credit of the United States.......... Art. I. 8, 2. to coin money, regulate the value thereof............ A......Art. I. 8, 5. no appropriation of money to that use shall be for........ Art. I. 8, I2. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but............Art. I. 9, 6. expenditures of all public money shall be published..........Art. I. 9, 6. coin money; emit bills of credit........................... Art. I. Io, i. More-in order to form a more perfect union...................... Preamble. adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place.....Art. I. 5, 4. if there be more than one who have such majority...........Art. II. I, 3. should remain two or more who have equal votes............Art. II. I, 3. to controversies between two or more States.................Art. III. 2, I. formed by the junction of two or more States..............Art. IV. 3, I. Most-electors of the most numerous branch......................Art. I. 2, I. N. Name-they shall name in their ballots the persons voted for..... Amend. XII. a. Names —names of the persons voting for and against the bill.......Art. I. 7, 2. Nations-with foreign nations, and among the several States...Art. I. 8, 3. the high seas, and offences against the law of nations........Art. I. 8, Io. Natural-No person, except a natural born citizen................Art. II. I, 5. Naturalization-establish a uniform rule of naturalization.........A rt. I. 8, 4. Naturalized-in the United States, and subject to the............. Amend. XIV. I. Nature-informed of the nature and cause of the accusation........A m en d. VI. Naval-and regulation of the land and naval forces...............Art. I. 8, I4. except in cases arising in the land or naval forces............Amencd. V. Navy-to provide and maintain a navy...........................Art L 8, I3. commander-in-chief of the army and navy................... Art. II. 2: I. Nays —yeas and nays of the members of either House.............Art. I. 5, 3. shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names.......Art. L 7, 2. Necessary-necessary (except on a question of adjournment)...... Art. 1. 7, 3. make all laws which shall be necessary and proper........... Art. I. 8, i8. necessary for executing its inspection laws.................. Art. I. Io, 2. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice......Art. II. I, 3. measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.........Art. II. 3, I. two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary...........Art. V. I, I. militia being necessary to the security of a free State.........Amend. II. a majority of all the States shall be necessary....... A....... Aend. XII. I. Io8 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Necessary-a majority of the whole number shall be necessary.....Amend. XII. 2. Needful-dockyards, and other needful buildings.................Art. I, 8, I7. needful rules and regulations respecting the territory........Art. IV. 3, 2. Neither-neither House, during the session of Congress...........Art. I. 5, 4. neither shall any person be eligible to that office.............Art. II. I, 5. shall neither be increased nor diminished...................Art. II. I, 7. neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as.........Amend. XIII. I. neither the United States, nor any State shall assume.......Amend. XIV. 4. Net-the net produce of all duties and imposts....................Art. I. Io, 2. Nevertheless-eonvicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and.........Art. I. 3, 7. New-new States may be admitted by the Congress...............Art. IV. 3, I. but no new State shall be formed or erected.................Art. IV. 3. I. New Hampshire-State of New Hampshire shall be entitled......Art. I. 2, 3. New Jersey-New Jersey four..................................Art. I. 2, 3. New York-NewYork six...................A...................Art. I. 2, 3. Next-Temporary appointments until the next meeting............Art. I. 3, 2. which shall expire at the end of their next session............Art. 11. 2, 3. before the fourth day of March next following............... Amend. XII. I. Nine-been nine years a citizen of the United States..............Art. I. 3, 3. the ratification of the conventions of nine States.............Art. VII. I, I. Ninth-in the ninth section of the first article.....................Art. V. I, I. No-no person shall be a Representative who.......... Ar..........rt. 11. 2, 2. no person shall be a Senator who shall not have.............Art. I. 3, 3. shall have no vote unless they be equally divided............Art. 1. 3, 4. no person shall be convicted without the....................Art. I. 3, 6. no Senator or Representative shall, during the..............Art. I. 6, 2. and no person holding any office under the.................. Art. I. 6, 2. no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a..........Art. I. 8, I2. no bill of attainder, or ex postfacto law....................Art. I. 9, 3. no capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless........Art. I. 9, 4. no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported..............Art. 1. 9, 5. no preference shall be given by any regulation............... Art. I. 9, 5. no money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but............Art. I. 9, 6. no title of nobility shall be granted by the................... Art. I. 9, 7. no person holding any office of profit or trust................ Art. I. 9, 7. no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or............. Art. I. Io, I. no State shall, without the consent of the Congress..........Art. I. Io, 2. no State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay..........Art. I. Io, 2. no Senator or Representative, or person holding.............Art. II. I, 2. if no person have a majority, then from the five..............Art. II. I, 3. no person, except a natural born citizen, or a...............Art. II. a, 5, no person shall be convicted of treason, unless...............Art. III. 3, x. no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood........Art. II[. 3, 2. No person held to service or labor in one State...............Art. IV. 2, 3. but no new State shall be formed or erected................. Art. IV. 3, I. Provided, that no amendment which may be made.......... Art. V. I, I. that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived.........Art. V. I, a. but no religious test shall ever be required..................Art. VI. i, 3. make no law respecting an establishment of religion.....A..... Amend. I. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in............Anzend. III. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 109 No-no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause..............Amend. IV. No person shall be held to answer for a capital............... mend. V. no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined.......Amend. VII. if no person have such majority, then from the.............A..mend. XYI. x. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest......Amend. XII. 2. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office..........Amend. XII. 3. No State shall make or enforce any law, which shall........ Amend. XIV. I. No person shall be a Senator or a Representative in Congress.Amend. XIV. 3. Nobility-No title of nobility shall be granted......................Art. I. 9, 7. of contracts; or grant any title of nobility.................. Art. I. IO, I. Nominate-and by and with the advice and consent of............Art. 11. 2, 2. Nor-adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place.....Art. I. 5, 4. nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State................Art. I. 9, 5. shall neither be increased nor diminished...................Art. II. I, 7. nor any State be formed by the junction of two..............Art. IV. 3, x. nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed..........mAend. III. nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence..........Amend. V. nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case..................Amend. V. nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without..........A mend. V.. nor shall private property be taken for public use.............. A mend. V. nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual............ Aend. VIII. nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved...............Amend. X.: Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as.........A. mend. XIII. x. nor shall any State deprive any person of life.................Amend. XIV. x. nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction equal...........Amend. XIV. I. the United States, nor any State shall assume or pay........ Amend. XIV. 4. North Carolina-North Carolina five...................Art. I. 2, 3. Not-be a Representative, who shall not have attained to..........`Art. I. 2, 2. excluding Indians not taxed............................... Art. I. 2, 3. the number of Representatives shall not exceed...............Art. I. 2, 3. shall be a Senator, who shall not have attained................Art. I. 3, 3. and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant.............Art. I. 3, 3. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend.........Art. I. 3, 7. they shall not be questioned in any other place................Art. I. 6,'. but if not, he shall return it with his objections.............. Art. I. 7, 2. If any bill shall not be returned by the President..............Art.. 7, 2. prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.........Art. I. 7, 2; over such district, (not exceeding ten miles square)...........Art. I. 8, I7. shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to the.............. Art. I. 9, s. importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each...............Art. I. 9, x. the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended.............Art. I. 9, 2. in such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay.......... Art. I. IO, 2. one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same..........Art. II. I, 3. shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five.............Art. II. I, 5. not receive, within that period, any other emolument........ Art. II. 1, 7. appointments are not herein otherwise provided for.......... Art. II. 2, 2. a compensation, which shall not be diminished............... A rt. III. 1, 1. but when not committed within any State................... Art. 11I. 2, 3. to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed................ Amend. II. searches and seizures, shall not be violated..................Anmeznd. IV. IIO A CONCORDANCE TO THE Not-excessive bail shall not be required.........................A. mend. VIII. shall not be construed to deny or disparage others..........Amend. IX. the powers not delegated to the United States...............Amend. X. shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law...........Amend. XI. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves......Amend. XII. I. not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for............ Amend. XII. I. if the House of Representatives shall not choose............ Amend. XII. I. insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned.............Amend. XIV. 4. to vote, shall not be denied or abridged.....................Amend. XV. x. Nothing-in this Constitution shall be so construed...............Art. IV. 3, 2. Notwithstanding-any State to the contrary notwithstanding.....Art. VI. I, 2. Now-any of the States now existing shall think proper...........Art. I. 9, I. Number-adding to the whole number of free persons............ Art. I. 2, 3.,the number of Representatives shall not exceed.............Art. I. 2, 3. a smaller number may adjourn from day to day.............Art. I. 5, I. a number of electors equal to the whole number............ Art. II. 2, 2. persons voted for, and of the number of votes................Art. II. I, 3. the person having the greatest number of votes.............. Art. II. I, 3. shall be the President, if such number be a majority.........Art. II. I, 3. of the whole number of electors appointed...................Art. II. I, 3. and have an equal number of votes, then the House.........Art. II. I, 3. having the greatest number of votes of the Electors..........Art. II. I, 3. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign......... Amend. XII. z. the person having the greatest number of votes............. Amend. XII. I. be a majority of the whole number of electors...............Amend. XII. I. the person having the greatest number of votes..............A mend. XII. 2. the Vice-President, if such number be a majority............Amend. XII. 2. majority of the whole number of electors appointed..........Amend. XII. 2. consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators........ Amend. XII. 2. majority of the whole number shall be necessary............. Amend. XII. 2. counting the whole number of persons in each State..........Amend. XIV. 2. reduced in the proportion which the number of such male....Amend. XIV. 2. citizens shall bear,to the whole number of male citizens....... Aend. XIV. 2. Numbers-according to their respective numbers.................. Art. I. 2, 3. then, from the persons having the highest numbers..........Amend. XII. I. highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose..........AmAend. XII. 2. States, according to their respective numbers...............Amend. XIV. 2. Numerous-electors of the most numerous branch................ Art. 2, I. 0. Oath-that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation...........Art. I. 3, 6. he shall take the following oath or affirmation................Art. II. a, 8. by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution.............Art. VI. I, 3. but upon probable cause, supported by oath................Amend. IV. previously taken an oath as a member of Congress.......... Amend. XIV. 3. Objections-shall return it, with his objections, to that House......Art. I. 7, 2. shall enter the objections at large on their journal........... Art. I. 7, 2. sent, together with the objections, to the other House........Art. I. 7, 2. Obligation-or law impairing the obligation of contracts........ Art. I. Io, I. incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion..................Amend. XIV, 4. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. I I I Obligations-and claims shall be held illegal and void............Amend. XIV. 4. Obliged-to enter, clear, or pay duties, in another................ Art. I. 9, 5. Obtaining-process for obtaining witnesses in his favor............Amend. VI. Occasions-on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses.....Art. II. 3, I. Offence-to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb................Amend. V. Offences-high seas, and offences against the law of nations.......Art. I. 8, Io. pardons for offences against the United States, except......A..rt. II. 2, i. Office-when he shall exercise the office of President..............Art. I. 3, 5. not extend further than to removal from office............... Art. 1. 3, 7. disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor.........Art. I. 3, 7. be appointed to any civil office under the authority of........Art. I. 6, 2. and no person holding any office under the................. Art. I. 6, 2. of either House, during his continuance in office............ArL. I._. 6, 2. and no person holding any office of profit or trust............Art. I. 9, 7. office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king.......... Art. L. 9, 7. shall hold his office during the term of four years............Art. II. I, I. or person holding an office of trust or profit.................Art. II. I, 2. shall be eligible to the office of President....................Art. II. I, 5. to that office, who shall not have attained to the age..........Art. II. I, 5. in case of the removal of the President from office...........Art. II. I, 6. to discharge the powers and duties of the said office.........Art. II. I, 6. before he enter on the execution of his office................. Art. II. I, 8. that I will faithfully execute the office of President..........Art. II. I, 9. shall be removed from office, on impeachment..............Art. II. 4, I. not be diminished during their continuance in office......... Art. III. I, i. required as a qualification to any office or public trust.......Art. VI. I, 3. ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible.........Amend. XII. 3. any office, civil or military, under the United States........Amend. XIV. 3, Officer-or in any department or officer thereof...................Art. I. 8, a8. declaring what officer shall then act as President............Art. II. I, 6. and such officer shall act accordingly....................... Art. II. 1, 6. of the principal officer in each of the executive.............. Art. II. 2, I. member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States...Amend. XIV. 3. as an executive orjudicial officer of any State...............Amend. XIV. 3. Officers —shall choose their speaker and other officers..............Art. I. 2, 5. the Senate shall choose their other officers.................. Art. I. 3, 5. the appointment of the officers, and the authority of.........Art. I. 8, I6. judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers.......... Art. II. 2, 2. by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers.........Art. II. 2, 2. shall commission all the officers of the United States.........Art. II. 3, I. the President, Vice-President, and all civil officers...........Art. II. 4, x. legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers..........Art. VI. I, 3. the executive and judicial officers of a State.................Amend. XIV. 2. Offices-to establish post-offices and post-roads..................Art. I. 8, 7. relating to the duties of their respective offices..............Art. II. 2, I. shall hold their offices during good behavior.................Art. III. I,. x. Once-Congress shall assemble at least once in every year......... ArtI. 4, 2. One —of representatives shall not exceed one for...................Art. I. 2, 3. each State shall have at least one representative..............Art. I. 2, 3. Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one..............Art.. 2, 3. I 112 A CONCORDANCE TO THE One-Delaware, one............................................Art. I. 2, 3-. and each Senator shall have one vote....................... Art. I. 3, r. that one-third play be chosen every second year.............Art. I. 3, 2. prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.......Ar. I. 9, I. to the ports of one State, over those of another.............Art. I. 9, 5. nor shall vessels bound to or from one State.................Art. I 9, 5. one, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same..........Art. II. I, 3. if there be more than one who have such majority............Art. II. I, 3. choose, by ballot, one of them for President.................Art.A II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote..........Art. II. I, 3. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts..........Art. III. I, I. no person held to service or labor in one State...............Art. IV. 2, 3. one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed.......Art. V. I, x. prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight......Art. V. I, I. against one of the United States, by citizens of another......Amend. XI. President and -Vice-President, one of whom, at least........ Amend. XII. I. the representation from each State having one vote.......... A mend. XII. I. One-fifth-at the desire of one-fifth of those present...............Art. I. 5, 3. One-third-one-third may be chosen every second year............ Art. 1. 3, 2. One thousand eight hundred and eight.......................... Art. I. 9, I. Only-shall consist only in levying war against them...............Art. III. 3, I. Open-open all the certificates, and the votes shall................. Art. II. I, 3. same overt act, or on confession in open court...............Art. III. 3, I. open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be..........Amend. XII. I. Opinion-may require the opinion, in writing, of the...............Art. II. 2, I. Ordain-do ordain and establish this Constitution.................Preamble. Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish.......Art. III. I, I. Order-people of the United States, in order to form a............ Preamble. order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence...........Art. I. 7, 3. Organizing-provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining.....Art. I. 8, a6. Original-the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction.......Art. III. 2, 2. Originate-bills for raising revenue shall originate in...............Art. I. 7, i. Originated-to that House in which it shall have originated........Art. I. 7, 2. Other-three-fifths of all other persons...........................Art. I. 2, 3. shall choose their Speaker and other officers................. I.. 2, 5. the Senate shall choose their other officers................... Ar a. I. 3, 5. shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn..............Ar. I. 5, 4. adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place.....Art. I. 5, 4. they shall not be questioned in any other place...............Art. 1. 6, a. propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills........ Art. I. 7, I. sent, together with the objectiohs, to the other House......... Ar.. 7, 2. arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings............Art. I. 8, I7. all other powers vested by this Constitution............ A..r...t. I. 8, i8. no capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless........Art... 9, 4. other emolument from the United States, or any of them.....Art. II. I, 7. shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers............A. rt. 11. 2, 2. judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers..........Art. 11. 2, 2. receive ambassadors and other public ministers..........Art. I. 3, I. treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.... Art. II. 4, I. cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers..........Art. 111. 2, 1. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 113 Other-other public ministers, and consuls, and those.............Art. III. 2, 2. in all the other cases before mentioned...................... Art. III. 2, 2. records, and judicial proceedings of every other State.......Art. IV. I, I. in any State with treason, felony, or other crime.............Art. IV. 2, 2. erected within the jurisdiction of any other State........... Art. IV. 3, I. or other property, belonging to the United States............Art. IV. 3, 2. one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed........Art. V. I, I. death, or other constitutional disability of the President......Amend X. XI. except for participation in rebellion or other crimes..........Amend. XIV. 2. Others-to deny or disparage others retained by the people.........Amend. IX. Otherwise-vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise..........Art. I. 3, 2. appointments are not herein otherwise provided for..........Art. II. 2, 2. answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime.............Amend. V. no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined.......Antend. VII. Ourselves-secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves............Preamble. Over-over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)..........Art. I. 8, 27. to exercise like authority over all places purchased...........Art. I. 8, 27. to the ports of one State over those of another...............Art. 1. 9, 5. Overt-witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession...........Art. III. 3, 1. Own-returns, and qualifications, of its own members.............Art. I. 5, I. Owner-in any house, without the consent of the owner............Amend. III. P. Paid-and paid out of the treasury of the United States...........Art. 1. 6, 1. Papers-secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects........Amend. IV. Pardons-shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons........Art. II. 2, I. Part-governing such part of them as may be employed...........Art. I. 8, i6. all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution.........Art. V. I, I. Participation-in rebellion or other crime...................A......A mend. XIV. 2. Particular-cession of particular States, and the acceptance.......Art. I. 8, I7. claims of the United States, or of any particular State.......Art. IV. 3, 2. Particularly-describing the place to be searched................ Amend. IV. Parts-excepting such parts as may, in their judgment............Art. I. 5, 3. junction of two or more States, or parts of States........... Art. IV. 3, I. Party-the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable............ Art. I. 3, 7. to which the United States shall be a party..................Art. III. 2, I. and those in which a State shall be a party..................Art. III. 2, 2. claim of the party to whom such service or labor.............Art IV. 2, 3. for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly............Amend. XIII. I. Pass-two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill.........Art. I. 7, 2. pass any bill of attainder, or expostfacto law.............. Art. I. Io, I. Passed-every bill, which shall have passed the House.............Art. I. 7, 2. attainder, or expostfacto law shall be passed...............Art. I. 9, 3. Pay-the debts, and provide for the common defence.............Art. 1. 8, I. obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another..............Art. I. 9, 5. assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred.............Amend. XIV. 4. Payment-gold and silver coin a tender in payment...............Art. I. Io, 1. of pensions and bounties for services...................A.....A end. XIV 4. Peace-except treason, felony, and breach of the peace............Art. I. 6, x. keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace...............Art. I. bo a. I I4 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Peace-no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in..........Amend. III. Peaceably-to assemble, and to petition the government..........Amend. I. Penalties-under such penalties as each House may provide.......Art. I. 5, I. Pennsylvania-Pennsylvania eight...........................Art. I. 2. 3. Pensions-and bounties for services in suppressing A.............Amend. XIV. 3. People-we, the people of the United States....................Preamble. chosen every second year by the people....................Art. I. 2, I. or the right of the people peaceably to assemble............Amend. I. the right of the people to keep and bear arms...............mend. II. the right of the people to be secure in their persons..........Amend. IV. to deny or disparage others retained by the people..........tAmend. IX. reserved to the States respectively, or to the people..........Amend. X. Perfect-in order to form a more perfect union...................Preamble. Period-the period for which he shall have been elected............A rt. IL x, 7. not receive, within that period, any other emolument........Art. II., 7. Person-no person shall be a Representative who.................Art. 1. 2, 2. no person shall be a Senator who shall not have.............Art. I. 3, 3. and no person shall be convicted without the................Art. I. 3, 6. and no person holding any office under the...............Art. 1. 6, 2. not exceeding ten dollars for each person...................Art. I. 9, I. no person holding any office of profit or trust...............A..rt. I. 9, 7. or person holding an office of trust or profit...............Art. II. I, 2. the person having the greatest number of votes.............Art. II. I, 3. if no person have a majority, then from the five.............Art. II. I, 3. the person having the greatest number of votes.............Art. II. I, 3. no person, except a natural born citizen, or a................Art. II. I, 5. any person be eligible to that office, who...................Art. II. I, 5. no person shall be convicted of treason, unless:..............Art. III. 3, I. except during the life of the person attainted............... At. III. 3, 2. a person charged in any State with treason.................rt. IV. 2, 2. no person held to service or labor in one State..,...........Art. IV. 2; 3. no person shall be held to answer for a capital............... Amend. V. nor shall any person be subject for the same offence..........Amend. V. name in their ballots the person voted for as President....... Amend. XII. I. distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President....... Amend. XIL I. the person having the greatest number of votes............. Amend. XII. I. and if no person have such majority, then from...... A........Amend. XII. a. the person having the greatest number of votes..............Amend. XII. 2. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest..... A.mend. XII. 2. but no person constitutionally ineligible to the office..........Anend. XII. 3. deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without.......Amend. IIV. x. deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal..........Anmend. XIV. I. no person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress...Amend. XIV. 3. Persons —by adding to the whole number of free persons..........Art. I. 2, 3. three-fifths of all other persons............................. A rt. I. 2, 3. names of the persons voting for and against the bill..........Art. I. 7, 2. importation of such persons as any of the States............ Art. I. 9, I. vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least..........Art. II. I, 3. they shall make a list of all the persons voted for............Art. II. I, 3. right of the people to be secure in their persons............ Amend. IV. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 115 Persons-searched, and the persons or things to be seized........Amend. IV. distinct lists of all persons voted for as President............Amend. XII. I. and of all persons voted for as Vice-President...............Amend. XII. I. then, from the persons having the highest numbers.... e......Amend. XII. I. all persons born or naturalized in the United States.........Amend. XIV. I. counting the whole number of persons in each State.........Amend. XIV. 2. Petition-the government for a redress of grievances.............Amend. I. Piracies-To define and punish piracies and' felonies..............Art. I. 8, Io. Place-any other place than that in which the two Houses.........Art. I. 5, 4. They shall not be questioned in any other place.............Art. I. 6, I. the trial shall be at such place or places, as Congress........Art.zI1. 2, 3. particularly describing the place to be searched.............. Amend. IV. the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction...Amend. XIII. x. Places-times, places, and manner of holding elections............Art. I. 4, I. except as to the places of choosing Senators.................. Art. I. 4, I. to exercise like authority over all places purchased...........Art. I. 8, I7. the trial shall be at such place or places, as Congress........Art. III. 2, 3. Plantations-Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one.......Art. I. 2, 3. Ports-to the ports of one State, over those of another............Art. I. 9, 5. Posterity-of liberty to ourselves and our posterity............... Preamble. Post-offices-To establish post-offices and post-roads.............Art. I. 8, 7, Post-roads-To establish post-offices and post-roads..............Art. I. 8, 7. Power-shall have the sole power of impeachment................Art. I. 2, 5. shall have the sole power to try all impeachments............Art. I. 3, 6. Congress shall have power to lay and collect................ rt. I. 8, I. compact with another State, or with a foreign power..........Art. I. Io, 2. Executive power shall be vested in a President.............. Art. II. I, I. he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons..........Art. II. 2, I. He shall have power, by and with the advice.................Art. II. 2, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies............Art. 11. 2, 3. Judicial power of the United States shall be vested..........Art. III. I, I. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity............. Art. III. 2, I. have power to declare the punishment of treason............Art. III. 3, 2. Congress shall have power to dispose of and make..........Art. IV. 3, 2. The judicial power of the United States shall not............Amend. XI. Congress shall have power to enforce this article.............Amend. XIII. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate.........Amend. XIV. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article.........Amend. XV. 2. Powers-All Legislative powers herein granted...................Art. I. I, 1. carrying into execution the foregoing powers................Art. I. 8, s8. and all other powers vested by this Constitution.............Art. I. 8, i8. or inability to discharge the powers and duties...............Art. II. I, 6. The powers not delegated to the United States..............Amend. X. Preference-shall be given by any regulation of commerce.........Art. I. 9, 5. Prejudice-so construed as to prejudice any claims...............Art. IV. 3, 2. Prescribe-the manner in which such acts, records................ Art. IV. I, 1. Prescribed-in each State by the legislature thereof...............Art. I. 4, I. the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill......Art. 1. 7, 3. according to the discipline prescribed by Congress............Art. I. 8, I6. nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed.........Amend. III. I I6 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Presence-The President of the Senate shall, in the presence...... ArtII. I, 3. presence of the Senate and House of Representatives.......Amend. XII. x. Present-concurrence of two-thirds of the members present........Art. I. 3, 6. shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present.............. Art. I. 5, 3. accept of any present, emolument, office, or title.............Art. I. 9, 7. provided two-thirds of the Senators present, concur..........Art. II. 2, 2. Presented-to the President of the United States................. Art. I. 7, 2. (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented........Art. I. 7, 2. be presented to the President of the United States...........Art. I. 7, 3. Presentment-or indictment of a grand jury.....................Amend. V. Preserve-protect and defend the Constitution..................Art. II. I, 9. Preserved-the right of trial by jury shall be preserved............ Amend. VII. Preside-the Chief Justice shall preside..........................Art. I. 3, 6. President-shall be President of the Senate......................Art. I. 3, 4. also, a President, _ro-temzjore, in the absence of............Art. I. 3, 5. when he shall exercise the office of President............... A rt. I. 3, 5. when the President of the United States is tried.............Art. I. 3, 5. the President of the United States; if he approve...........Art. I. 7, 2. if any bill shall not be returned by the President.............Art. I. 7, 2. be presented to the President of the United States........... Art. I. 7, 3. executive power shall be vested in a President...............Art. II. I, I. directed to the President of the Senate......................Art. II. I, 3. the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of..........Art. II. I, 3. shall be the President, if such number be a majority.........Art. II. I, 3. choose, by ballot, one of them for President................. Art. II. I, 3. House shall, in like manner, choose the President............ Art. II.. 3. in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken...........Art. II. I, 3. in every case, after the choice of the President..............Art. II. I, 3. shall be eligible to the office of President....................Art. II. I, 5. in case of the removal of the President from office......A... Art. II. I, 6. inability, both of the President and Vice-President...........Art. II. I, 6. declaring what officer shall then act as President.............Art. II. I, 6. disability be removed, or a President shall be elected......... Art. II. I, 6. the President shall, at stated times, receive for...............Art. II. I, 7. that I will faithfully execute the office of President...........Art. II. I, 9. the President shall be commander-in-chief...................Art. II. 2, I. inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President......Art. II. 2, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies...........Art. II. 2, 3. the President, Vice-President, and all civil officers..........Art. II. 4, I. and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President..........Amend. XII. I. name in their ballots the person voted for as President........Amend. XII. I. distinct lists of all persons voted for as President...........Amend. XII. I. directed to the President of the Senate...................A...Amend. XII. I. the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of.........Amend. XII. I. of votes for President, shall be the President................Amend. XII. I. on the list of those voted for as President.................. A mend. XII. I. shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President...........Amend. XII. I. in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken...........Aend. XII. I. not choose a President, when the right of choice.............Amend. XII. i. then the Vice-President shall act as President...............Amend. XII. I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 117 President-death, or other constitutional disability of the President.Amend. XII. I. ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible..........Amend. XII. 3. choice of electors for President and Vice-President...........Ameznd. XIV. 2. or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold...........Amend. X-V. 3. Press-abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press...........Amend. I. Prevent-Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return......Art. 1. 7, 2. Previous-color, or previous condition of servitude................A mend. XV. I. Previously-shall have been previously ascertained by law.........Amend. VI. previously taken an oath as a member of Congress...........Amend. XIV. 3. Prince-whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State..........Art. I. 9, 7. Principal-opinion in writing, of the principal officer...............Art. II. 2, I. Prior-to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight.......... Art. I. 9, I. to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight............Art. V. I, I. Private-nor shall private property be taken for public use........Amend. V. Privilege-of the writ of habeas corjus, shall not be..............Art.. 9, 2. Privileged-be privileged from arrest during their attendance.....Art. I. 6, I. Privileges and immunities of citizens in the several..............Art. IV. 2, I. abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens.............. Amend. XIV. I. Probable-upon probable cause, supported by oath............... Amend. IV. Proceed-at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider......Art. I. 7, 2. Proceedings-may determine the rules of its proceedings.........Art. I. 5, 2. shall keep a journal of its proceedings......................Art. I. 5, 3. and judicial proceedings of every other State................ Art. I V. I, I. proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof...........Art. IV. I, I. Process-life, liberty, or property, without due process of law......A mend. V. to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses..........Amend. VI. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. XIV. I. Produce-the net produce of all duties and imposts...............Art. I. Io, 2. Profit-and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit...............Art. I. 3, 7. and no person holding any office of profit of trust............Art. I. 9, 7. or person holding an office of trust, or profit.................Art. II. I, 2. Progress-to promote the progress of science and useful arts.......Art. I. 8, 8. Prohibited-shall not be prohibited by Congress prior.............Art. I. Q, I. nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved..............Amend. X. Prohibiting-religion, or prohibiting the free exercise..............A mend. I. Promote-promote the general welfare....................... Preamble. to promote the progress of science and useful arts............Art. I. 8, 8. Proper-all laws which shall be necessary and proper..............Art. I. 8, i8. States, now existing, shall think proper to admit............ Art. I. 9, I. inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President......Art. II. 2, 2. adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper...........Art. II. 3, I. Property-other property belonging to the United States..........Art. IV. 3, 2. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. V. nor shall private property be taken for public use..........A.. Amend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.......Amend. XIV. x. Proportion-to the census or enumeration, herein................. Art. I. 9, 4. reduced in the proportion which the number of such.........Amend. XIV. 2. Propose-Senate may propose or concur with amendments........Art. I. 7, I. shall propose amendments to this Constitution............... Art. V. I, I. Proposed -of ratification may be proposed by Congress...........Art. V. x, I. I IS A CONCORDANCE TO THE Proposing-amendments, which, in either case..................Art. V. I,. Prosecuted-against one of the United States, by citizens..........Amend. IX. Prosecutions-the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy.......Amend. VI. Protect-preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution...........Art. II. I, 9. and shall protect each of them against invasion...........Art. IV. 4, I. Protection —the equal protection of the laws...............Amend. XIV. I. Pro tempore —a Presidentpro temyore, in the absence............Art. I. 3, 5. Proved-proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof........Art. IV. I, I. Provide-and provide for the common defence.......P........ Preamble. under such penalties, as each House may provide.......... Art. I. 5, a. pay the debts, and provide for the common defence..........Art. I. 8, I. to provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the...........Art. I. 8, 6. to provide and maintain a navy.................... Art. I. 8, x2. provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws.......Art. I. 8, x5. provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining............ Art. I. 8, x6. Congress may by law provide for the case of removal.........Art. II. I, 6. Provided-make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators......Art. II. 2, 2. appointments are not herein otherwise provided for..........Art. II. 2, 2. provided, that no amendment which may be made...........Art. V. x, I. Providence-Rhode Island and Providence Plantations............Art. I. 2, 3. Provisions-enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions....Amzend. XIV. 5. Public-or invasion, the public safety may require it.............. Art. I. 9, 2. expenditures of all public money shall be published......... Art. I. 9, 6. shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers...........Art. II. 2, 2. receive ambassadors and other public ministers............... Art. I. 3, a. ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls............Art. II. 2, 1. other public ministers, consuls, and those in which...........Art. III. 2, 2. credit shall be given in each State to the public acts..........Art. IV., I. required as a qualification to any office or public trust Ar..A t. VI. I, 3. in actual service, in time of war or public danger.............Amend. V. be taken for public use, without just compensation...........Amend. V. shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.............Anend. VI. the validity of the public debt of the United States..........Amend. XIV. 4. Publish-from time to time, publish the same, excepting...........Art. I. 5, 3. Published-money, shall be published from time to time........Art. 1. 9, 6. Punish-punish its members for disorderly behavior...............Art. I. 5, 2. to define and punish piracies and felonies committed........ Art. 1. 8, so. Punishment-trial, judgment, and punishment, according to......Art. I. 3, 7. for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities...........Art. I 8, 6. have power to declare the punishment of treason.............Art. III. 3, 2. nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime..Amend. XIII. I. Punishments-nor cruel and unusual punishments...............Amend. VIII. Purchased-by the consent of the Legislature of the State.........Art. I. 8, I7. Purpose-sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath............Art. I. 3, 6. a quorum for this purpose, shall consist of...................Art. II. x, 3. this purpose, shall consist of a member or members...........Amend. XII. a. a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds..........Antend. XII. 2. Purposes-as part of this Constitution, when ratified.............Art. V. I, a. Pursuance-made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties...........Art. VI. I, 2. Put-offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb............Amend. V. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. I I9 Qualification-to any office, or public trust, under the.............Art. VI. I, I. Qualifications-the qualifications requisite for electors........... Art. I. 2, I. judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of.........Art. I. 5, 2. Quartered-in any house, without the consent of the owner........A mend. 7rI. Question-on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth.........Art. I. 5, 3. necessary (except on a question of adjournment)............Art. 1. 7, 3. Questioned-they shall not be questioned in any other place.......Art. I. 6, I. insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned............. Amend. XIV. 4. Quorum-a majority of each shall constitute a quorum............Art. I. 5, I. a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a................. Art. II., 3. a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a................Amend. XII. I. a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds..........A end. XII. 2. R. Race-color, or previous condition of servitude....................A mend. XV. I. Raise-to raise and support armies; but no appropriation........Art. I. 8, 12. Raising-all bills for raising revenue shall originate.............Art. I. 7, 1. Ratification —may be proposed by the Congress............A......rt. V. I, x. the ratification of the conventions of nine States............. Art. VII. I, I. Ratified-by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the...............Art. V. V, I. Ratifying-between the States so ratifying the same............... rt. VII. I, I. Rebellion-or invasion, the public safety may require it...........Art. I. 9, 2. abridged, except for participation in rebellion................A mend. XIV. 2. shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion............... Anend. XIV. 3. services for suppressing insurrection or rebellion.............Amend. XIV. 4. incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion.................. A mend. XIV. 4. Receipts-and expenditures of all public money................. Art. I. 9, 6. Receive-the Senators and Representatives shall receive a........Art. I. 6, I. the President shall, at stated times, receive for..............Art. II. I, 7. not receive within that period any other emolument..........ArtII. II., 7. shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers.........Art. II. 3,:. shall, at stated times, receive for their services............... Art. III. I, I. Recess-by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of.........Art. I 3, 2. all vacancies that may happen during the recess.............Art. 11. 2, 3. Recommend-to their consideration such measures as he.......... Art. II. 3, I. Reconsider-on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it.........Art. I. 7, 2. Reconsideration-if, after such reconsideration, two-thirds....... Art. I. 7, 2. Reconsidered-by which it shall likewise be reconsidered.........Art. I. 7, 2. Records-and judicial proceedings, of every other State........... Art. IV. I, I. prescribe the manner in which such acts, records............Art. IV. I, I. Redress-and to petition the government for a redress...........A.. Amend. I. Reduced-in the proportion which the number of such male........Amend. XIV. 2. Re-examined-in any court of the United States................. Anzend. VII. Regular-and a regular statement and account of the receipts..... Art. I. 9, 6. Regulate-commerce with foreign nations, and among........... Art. I. 8, 3. money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin........Art. I. 8, 5. Regulated-militia being necessary to the security..A..............Amend. II. Regulation-and regulation of the land and naval forces......... Art. I. 8, I4. shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue.....Art. I. 9, 5. 120 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Regulation-of any law or regulation therein, be discharged......Art. IV. 2, 3. Regulations-any time, by law make or alter such regulations.....Art. I. 4,'. under such regulations, as the Congress shall make..........Art. III. 2, 2. regulations respecting the territory, or other property........Art. IlV. 3, 2. Relating-to the duties of their respective offices................. Art. II. 2, I. Religion-respecting an establishment of religion................. Amend. I. Religious-no religious test shall ever be required...............Art. VI. I, 3. Remain-two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall.....Art. II. I, 3. Removal-not extend further than to removal from office..........Art. I. 3, 7. in case of the removal of the President from office........... Art. II., 6. Congress may by law provide for the case of removal........Art. II. I, 6. Remove-two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.......Amzend. XIV. 3. Removed-disability be removed, or a President shall............. Art. II. I, 6. shall be removed from office, on impeachment............... Art. II. 4, I. removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime........Art. IYV. 2, 2. Repassed-disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds....Art. I. 7, 3. Repel-suppress insurrections, and repel invasions................ Art. I. 8, I5. Representation-vacancies happen in the representation..........Art. I. 2, 4. the representation from each State having one vote.......... Art. II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote..........Amend. XII. r. the basis of representation therein shall be reduced..........Amend. XIV. 2. Representative-no person shall be a Representative who.........Art.. 2, 2. each State shall have at least one Representative............Art. I. 2, 3. or Representative shall, during the time for which he........Art. I. 6, 2. no Senator or Representative, or person holding.............Art. II. I, 2. no person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress..Amenzd. XIV. 3, 3. Representatives-of a Senate and House of Representatives......Art. I. I, I. the House of Representatives shall be composed............Art. I. 2, T. Representatives and direct taxes shall be...................Art. I. 2, 3. the number of Representatives shall not exceed.............Art. I. 2, 3. the House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker.....Art. I. 2, 5. of holding elections for Senators and Representatives.......Art. I. 4, I. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a............Art. I. 6, I. shall originate in the House of Representatives.............. Art. I. 7, I. passed the House of Representatives and the Senate........Art. I. 7, 2. and House of Representatives may be necessary............ Art. I. 7, 3. two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives......Art. I. 7, 3. the whole number of Senators and Representatives..........Art. II. I, 2. presence of the Senate and House of Representatives........Art. II. I, 3. House of Representatives shall immediately choose.........Art. II. 1, 3. the Senators and Representatives before mentioned.........Art. VI. I, 3. presence of the Senate and House of Representatives........ Amen zd. XII. I. the House of Representatives shall choose immediately......Amend. XII. I. if the House of Representatives shall not choose.............Amend. XII. I. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several......Amend. XI/V. 2. Representatives in Congress, the executive and.............Amend. XIV. 2. Reprieves-have power to grant reprieves and pardons............Art. II. 2, I. Reprisal-declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal........Art. I. 8, I.. grant letters of marque and reprisal, coin money............Art. I. Io, I. Republican-in this Union a republican form of government.......Art. IVT 4, I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 121 Require-as may, in their judgment, require secrecy...............Art. I. 5, 3. or invasion, the public safety may require it..................Art. I. 9, 2. require the opinion in writing of the principal officer.........Art. II. 2, I. Required-as a qualification to any office, or public trust..........Art. VI. r, 3. Excessive bail shall not be required..........A............. A mend. VIII. Requisite-the qualification requisite for electors..................Art. I. 2, I. Reserved-to the States respectively, or to the people.............. Amend. X. Reserving-to the States respectively the appointment............Art. I. 8, 16. Reside-the United States, and of the State wherein they reside...Amend. XIV. x. Resident-years a resident within the United States..............Art. II. I, 5. Resignation-and if vacancies happen by resignation.............Art. I. 3, 2. his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the...........Art. II. I, 6. resignation, or inability, both of the President, and.......... Art. II. a, 6. Resolution-order, resolution, or vote to which the................Art. I. 7, 3. Respect-to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn.............Art. II. 3, I. Respecting —the territory, or other property belonging.............Art. IV. 3, 2. no law respecting an establishment of religion............... Amend. I. Respective-according to their respective numbers................ Art. I. 2, 3. attendance at the session of their respective Houses.........Art. I. 6, I. right to their respective writings and discoveries.............Art. I. 8, 8. The Electors shall meet in their respective States............Art. II. I, 3. relating to the duties of their respective offices..............Art. II. 2, I,. The Electors shall meet in their respective States............Amend. XII. I. the several States according to their respective numbers...... Amend. XIV. a. Respectively-entered on the journal of each House respectively..Art. I. 7, 2. reserving to the States respectively, the appointment.........Art. I. 8, i6. reserved to the States respectively, or to the people..........A mend. X. Retained-deny or disparage others retained by the people........Amend. IX. Return-he shall return it, with his objections, to that House......Art. I. 7, 2. prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.........Art. I. 7, 2. Returned-If any bill shall not be returned by the President........Art. I. 7, 2. Returning-in going to, and returning from, the same.............Art. I. 6, a. Returns-judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications........Art. I. 5, I. Revenue-All bills for raising revenue shall originate..............Art. I. 7, r. commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State, over........Art. I. 9, 5. Revision-all such laws shall be subject to the revision.............Art. I. Io, 2. Rhode Island-and Providence Plantations, one..................Art. I. 2, 3. Right-authors and inventors the exclusive right to their..........Art. I. 8, 8. or the right of the people peaceably to assemble.............Amend. I. the right of the people to keep and bear arms................Amend. I~. The right of the people to be secure in their persons..........Amend. IV. shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.............Amend. VI. the right of trial by jury shall be preserved..................Amenct. VII. not choose a President, whenever the right of choice.........Amend. XII. I. when the right to vote at any election for the choice.........Amend. XIV. 2. The right of citizens of the United States to vote............Amend. XV. I. Rights-of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny...........Azend. IX. Roads-To establish post-offices and post-roads...................Art. I. 8, 7. Rule-To establish a uniform rule of naturalization...............Art. I. 8, 4. Rules-Each House may determine the rules of its...............Art. I. 5, 2. 122 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Rules-according to the rules and limitations prescribed..........Art. I. 7, 3. make rules concerning captures on land and water...........Art. I. 8, II. to make rules for the government and regulation of...........Art. I. 8, 14. needful rules and regulations respecting the territory......... Art. IV. 3, 2. than according to the rules of common law........... A.......Amend. III. S. Safety-or invasion, the public safety may require it...............Art. I. 9, 1. Said-House shall, in like manner, choose the President...........Art. II. I, 3. to discharge the powers and duties of the said office......... Art. II. I, 6. where the said crimes shall have been committed............Art. III. 2, 3. Same-from time to time, publish the same, excepting............Art. I. 5, 3. and in going to, and returning from, the same..............Art. I. 6, I. the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had..........Art. 1. 7, 2. before the same shall take effect, shall be approved..........Art. I. 7, 3. in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts..........Art. I. 8, 17. the Vice-President, chosen for the same term................Art. II. I, I. shall not be an inhabitant of the same State................. Art. II. I, 3. day shall be the same throughout the United States..... A..r..At. II I, 4. the same shall devolve on the Vice-President.................Art. II. I, 6. between citizens of the same State, claiming lands............ Art. 111. 2, t. two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession......... Art. III. 3, I. Constitution between the States so ratifying the same........Art. VII. I, 1. same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life..............Amend. V. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.......Amend. XII. I. in insurrection or rebellion against the same..................Amend. XIV. 3. Science-promote the progress of science and useful arts..........Art. l. 8, 8. Sealed-transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government............ Art. II. I, 3. and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government..........Amend. XII. I. Searched-describing the place to be searched.................... Amend. IV. Searches-against unreasonable searches and seizures.............A tmend. IV. Seas-piracies and felonies committed on the high seas............Art. I. 8, 9. Seat-the seat of the government of the United States.............Art. I. 8, I7. transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government...............Art. II. I, 3. transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government...............Antend. XII. I. Seats-of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated...........Art. I. 3, 2. Second-chosen every second year by the people.................. Art. I. 2, I. vacated at the expiration of the second year.................Art. L 3, 2. second class, at the expiration of the fourth year.............Art. I. 3, 2. that one-third may be chosen every second year.............Art. I. 3, 2. Secrecy-as may in their judgment require secrecy.................Art. I. 5, 3. Section-clauses in the ninth section of the first article..............Art. V. I, 1. Secure-right of the people to be secure in their persons............Amend. IV. and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves............... Preamble. Securing-for limited times, to authors and inventors.............Art. I. 8, 8. Securities-for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities.....Art. I. 8, 6. Security-necessary to the security of a free State................. Antend. II. Seized-and the persons or things to be seized................... Amend. IV, Seizures —against unreasonable searches and seizures............. Amend. IV. Senate-consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.........Art. I. I, I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 123 Senate-Senate of the United States shall be composed of.........Art. I. 3, I. shall be President of the Senate............................Art. I. 3, 4. the Senate shall choose their other officers.... A...... Art. I. 3, 5. the Senate shall have the sole power to try all............... Art. I. 3, 6. the Senate may propose or concur with amendments.........Art. I. 7, i. passed the House of Representatives and the Senate........Art. I. 7, 2. to which the concurrence of the Senate and House..........Art. I. 7, 3. be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House..........Art. I. 7, 3. directed to the President of the Senate...................Art. II. I, 3. the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of..........Art. II. I, 3. equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them.............. Art. II. I, 3. advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties...........Art. II. 2, 2. consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors..... A.....A rt. 11. 2, 2. that may happen during the recess of the Senate........... Art. II, 2, 3. shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in.the Senate.........Art. V. I, I. directed to the President of the Senate.....................Amend. XII. I. presence of the Senate and House of Representatives........Amend. XII. a. the Senate shall choose the Vice-President.................. Amend. XII. 2. Senator-and each Senator shall have one vote...................Art. I. 3, a. shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to............Art. I. 3, 3. no Senator or Representative shall, during the time..........Art.. 6, 2. no Senator or Representative, or person holding.............Art. II, 1, 2. no person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress...Amend. XIV. 3. Senators-composed of two Senators from each State.............Art. I. 3, 1. seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated........Art. I. 3, 2. manner of holding elections for Senators and................Art. I. 4, I. except as to the places of choosing Senators.................Art. I. 4, I. the Senators and Representatives shall receive..............Art. I. 6, I. the whole number of Senators and Representatives..........Art. II. I, 2. make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators...........Art. II. 2, 2. Senators and Representatives before mentioned...........Art. VI. I, 3. consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators........Amend. XII. 2. Sent-shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other......Art. I. 7, 2. Service-those bound to service for a term of years................Art. I. 2, 3. employed in the service of the United States................Art. I. 8, i6. called into the actual service of the United States..........Art. II. 2, I. no person held to service or labor in one State..............Ar. IV. 2, 3. be discharged from such service or labor.................... Art. IV. 2, 3. claim of the party to whom such service or labor.............Art. IV. 2, 3. the militia, when in actual service, in time of war............ Amend. V. Services-compensation for their services, to be ascertained...... Art. I. 6, I. receive for his services, a compensation.....................Art. II. 1, 7. shall, at stated times, receive for their services.............Art. III. I, I. bounties for services in suppressing insurrection..............A mend. XIV. 4. Servitude-except as a punishment for crime......................Amend. XIII. x. race, color, or previous condition of servitude................Amend. XV. x. Session-neither House, during the session of Congress...........Art. I. 5, 4. their attendance at the session of their respective Houses.....Art. I. 6, I. which shall expire at the end of their next session............Art. II. 2, 3. Seven-seven years a citizen of the United States.................t. I. 2, a. I24 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Several-by the people of the several States..................A....rt. I. 2, I. among the several States which may be included............Art. 1. 2, 3. with foreign nations, and among the several States..........Art. I. 8, 3. militia of the several States, when called into the............Art. II. 2, I. and immunities of citizens in the several States..............Art. IV. 2, I. the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States...........Art. V. r, I. the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States........Art. V: I, I. and the members of the several State Legislatures...........Art. VI. f, 3. both of the United States, and of the several States..........Art. VI. I, 3. shall be apportioned among the several States............... Azend. XIV. 2. Shall-shall be vested in a Congress of the United States..........Art I. I, I. which shall consist of a Senate and House..................Art. I. I, I. the House of Representatives shall be composed.............Art. I. 2, I. electors in each State shall have the qualifications...........Art. I. 2, I. no person shall be a Representative who....................Art. I. 2, 2. and who shall not when elected be an inhabitant............Art. I. 2, 2. direct taxes shall be apportioned among....................Art. I. 2, 3. their respective numbers, which shall be determined.........Art. I. 2, 3. enumeration shall be made within three years...............Art. I. 2, 3. in such manner as they shall by law direct..................Art. 1. 2, 3. the number of Representatives shall not exceed..............Art. I. 2, 3. each State shall have at least one Representative............Art. I. 2, 3. New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three............Art. I. 2, 3. executive authority thereof shall issue writs..................Art. I. 2, 4. House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker......... A rt. I. 2, 5. shall have the sole power of impeachment...................Art. I. 2, 5. Senate of the United States shall be composed..............Art. I. 3, I. and each Senator shall have one vote....................... Art. I. 3, I. they shall be divided as equally as may be.................Art. I. 3, I. shall be vacated at the expiration of the second..............Art. I. 3, 2. the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies......... Art. I. 3, 2. no person shall be a Senator, who shall not have............Art. I. 3, 3. the Vice-President of the United States shall be.............Art. I. 3, 4. shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided...........Art. I. 3, 4. the Senate shall choose their other officers..................Art. I. 3, 5. shall have the sole power to try all impeachments............Art. I. 3, 5. sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or.............Art. I. 3, 6. the Chief Justice shall preside..............................Art. I. 3, 6. no person shall be convicted without the....................Art. I. 3, 6. judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend.........Art. 1. 3, 7. the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable...............Art. I. 3, 7. shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature..........Art. I. 4, i. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year...........Art. I. 4, 2. meeting shall be on the first Monday in December...........Art. 1. 4, 2. each House shall be the judge of the elections...............Art. 1. 5, I. a majority of each shall constitute a quorum.................Art. I. 5, I. shall keep a journal of its proceedings......................Art. I. 5, 3. on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth..............Art. I. 5, 3. shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn..............Art. I. 5, 4. the Senators and Representatives shall receive a............. Ar.. 6, i. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 125 Shall-they shall, in all cases, except treason, felony..............Art. 1. 6, r. they shall not be questioned in any other place...............Art. I. 6, I. shall, during the time for which he was elected..............Art. I. 6, 2. under the United States, shall be a member of either........ Art. I. 6, 2. all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the..............Art. I. 7, I. shall, before it become a law, be presented to................Art. I. 7, 2. if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall...........Art. I. 7, 2. he shall return it with his objections to that House...........Art. I. 7, 2. shall enter the objections at large on their journal............Art. I. 7, 2. shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other........Art. I. 7, 2. House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered............Art. I. 7, 2. by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law...........Art. I. 7, 2. votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas...........Art. I. 7, 2. persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered.......Art. I. 7, 2. shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it..........Art. I. 7, 2. prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.........Art. I. 7, 2. adjournment,) shall be presented to the President............Art. I. 7, 3. before the same shall take effect, shall be approved.......... Art. I. 7, 3. Congress shall have power to lay and collect.................Art. I. 8, I. excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States.......Art. 1. 8, x. to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.......... Art. I. 8, I2. shall not be prohibited by Congress prior to..................Art. I. 9, 1. privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, shall not be...........Art. 1. 9, 2. attainder, or ex postfacto law, shall be passed..............Art. 1. 9, 3. no capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless........Art. I. 9, 4. no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported..............Art. I. 9, 5. shall be given by any regulation of commerce...............Art. I. 9, S. nor shall vessels bound to or from one State.................Art. I. 9, 5. no money shall be drawn from the treasury, but.............Art. I. 9, 6. expenditures of all public money shall be published..........Art. I. 9, 6. no title of nobility shall be granted by the.................Art. I. 9, 7. shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of............Art. I 9, 7. no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or..............Art. I. so, I. no State shall, without the consent of the Congress..........Art. I. Io, 2. shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States......Art. I. Io, 2. and all such laws shall be subject to the revision.............Art. I. Io, 2. shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty......... Art. I. 0o, 2. executive power shall be vested in a President...............Art. II. I, I. shall'hold his office during the term of four years............Art. II. I, I. each State shall appoint, in such manner as............... A r..t. II. I, 2. under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.......Art. II. I, 2. the electors shall meet in their respective States............... 4rt. II. I, 3. shall not be an inhabitant of the same State.................Art. II. I, 3. shall make a list of all the persons voted for.................Art. II. I, 3. which list they shall sign, and certify, and transmit.......... Art. II. I, 3. the President of the Senate, shall, in the presence of.........Art. II.,, 3. the certificates; and the votes shall then be counted.........Art. II. I, 3. shall be the President, if such number be a majority.........Art. II. I, 3. House of Representatives shall immediately choose..........Art. II. I, 3. House shall, in like manner, choose the President.. A.........Art. II. I, 3. I26 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Shall-in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken.......... ArI. II., 3. a quorum for this purpose shall consist of...................Art. II. I, 3. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.......Art. II. r, 3. of votes of the Electors, shall be the Vice-President...........Art. II. I, 3. the Senate shall choose from them by ballot.....A.............Art. II. I, 3. day shall be the same throughout the United States.........Art. II. I, 4. shall be eligible to the office of President....................Art. II. I, 5. neither shall any person be eligible to that office.............Art. II. I, 5. the same shall devolve on the Vice-President................Art. II. I, 6. President, and such officer shall act accordingly............. Art. II. I, 6. the President shall, at stated times, receive for..............Art. Ix. a, 7. shall neither be increased nor diminished, during............Art. II. I, 7. shall not receive within that period any other emolument...... Art. II. I, 7. he shall take the following oath or affirmation................ Art. II. I, 8. the President shall be Commander-in-Chief.....A.............rt. 11. 2, 1. he shall have the power to grant reprieves and pardons........Art. II. 2, I. he shall have power, by and with the advice...............Art.. II. 2 2. he shall nominate, and by and with the advice.............A..rt. II. 2, 2. shall appoint ambassadors and other public ministers........ Art. II. 2, 2. President shall have power to fill up all vacancies............ Art. II. 2, 3. commissions, which shall expire at the end of...............`Art. II. 2, 3. he shall, from time to time, give to the Congress............. Art. II. 3, I. shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers.........Arl. II. 3, x. he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed....... Art. 11. 3. I. shall commission all the officers of the United States..........Art. II. 3. I. civil officers of the United States shall be removed..........A.rt. 11. 4, I. judicial powers of the United States shall be vested...........Art. III. I, I. shall hold their offices during good behavior................. Art. III. I, r. shall, at stated times, receive for their services............... Art. III. I, I. a compensation which shall not be diminished................Art. III. I, I. power shall extend to all cases in law and equity..............Art. III. 2, I. the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction..........Art. rII. 2, 2. the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction...........Art. III. 2, 2. under such regulations, as the Congress shall make...........A rt. AI. 2, 2. except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury..............Art. III. 2, 3. trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes..........Art. 111, 2, 3. the trial shall be at such place or places as Congress..........Art. III. 2, 3. treason against the United States shall consist................Art. III. 3, I. no person shall be convicted of treason, unless................Art. I3I. 3, I. Congress shall have power to declare the punishment........A.. rt. III. 3, 2. no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood........ Art III. 3, 2. full faith and credit shall be given in each State.............Art. I. I., I. proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof...........Art, IV. I, I. the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all..............Art.. IV. 2, I. shall, on demand of the executive authority..................Art. IV. 2, 2. shall, in consequence of any law or regulation thereof........Art. IV. 2, 3. labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party......... Art. IV. 2, 3. but no new State shall be formed or erected.................. Art. IV. 3, I. Congress shall have power to dispose of and make...........A rt. IV. 3, 2. nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed.............A. rt. IV. 3, 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 127 Shall-the United States shall guarantee to every State............Art. IV. 4, L and shall protect each of them against invasion...............4 rt. IV. 4, I. shall propose amendments to this Constitution...............A rt. V. I, a. shall call a convention for proposing amendments............Art. V. I, I. which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents.............A rt. V. a, I. shall, in any manner, affect the first and fourth clauses.......Art. V. I, I. shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate..........Art. V. I, I. shall be as valid against the United States..................Art. VI. I, I. United States, shall be the supreme law of the land.........Art. VI., 2a, the judges in every State shall be bound thereby..............Art. VI. I, 2. shall be bound by oath, or affirmation, to support............Art. VI. I, 3. but no religious test shall ever be required...................Art. VI. I,.3. the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient.............Art. VII. I, a. shall make no law respecting an establishment............... Amend. I people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed...........Amend. II. no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in............Amend. III. searches and seizures, shall not be violated....................Anmend. IV. no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause............Amend. IV. no person shall be held to answer for a capital...............Amend. V. nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence.........Amend. V. nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case.................. Amend. V. nor shall private property be taken for public use............Amend. V. shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.............Amend. VI. district shall have been previously ascertained by law........Amend. VI. the right of trial by jury shall be preserved...................Amend. VII. no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined........Amend. VII. excessive bail shall not be required..........................Amend. VIII. of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny..............Amend. IX. shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law...........Amend. XI. the Electors shall meet in their respective States.............Amend. XII. I. at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State.........Amend. XII. I, they shall name in their ballots the persons voted for.........Amend. XII. I. they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for..........Amend. XII. I. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign..........Amend. XII. I. the President of the Senate, shall in the presence.............Amend. XII. I. the certificates; and the votes shall then be counted..........Amend. XII. I. number of votes for President, shall be the President.........A. mend. XII. a. the House of Representatives shall choose immediately.......Amend. XII. a. the President, the votes shall be taken by States............. Amend. XII. r. shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds........Anmend. XII. I. a majority of all the States shall be necessary................Amnend. XII. then the Vice-President shall act as President...............Amend. XII. 1. votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President..........Am end. XII. 2. the Senate shall choose the Vice-President................... Amend. XII. 2. a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds.......... Amend. XII. 2. a majority of the whole number shall be necessary............Amend. XII. 2. ineligible to the office of President, shall be eligible...........Amend. XII. 3. shall exist in the United States, or any place subject..........Amend. XIII. a. Congress shall have power to enforce this article.............Amend. XIII. a. no State shall make or enforce any law, which...............Amend. XIV. x. 128 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Shall-nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty........Amend. XIV. I. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several....... mend. XIV. 2. the basis of representation therein shall be reduced...........A mend. XIV. 2. no person shall be a Senator, or Representative in Congress..A mend. XIV. 3. insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned............. Amezd. XIV. 4. nor any State shall assume or pay any debt.................Amend. XIV. 4. obligations and claims, shall be held illegal and void........A..mend. XIV. 4. Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate........Amend. XIV. 5. to vote shall not be denied or abridged..A.................... A end. XV. I. the Congress shall have power to enforce this article......... Amend. XV. 2. Ships-lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war........Art. I. Io, 2. Sign-if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall............. Art. I. 7, 2. which list they shall sign, and certify, and transmit........... Art. II. I, 3. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign.......... Amend. XII. I. Signed-shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed..........Art. I 7, 2. Silver-gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts.......... Art. I. io, I. Sitting-sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath.....~........ Art. I. 3, 6. than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting...........Art.. 5, 4. Six-chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years................ Art. I. 3, I. New Yoik six............................................. Art. I. 2, 3. Maryland six..............................................Art. 1. 2, 3. Sixth-of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year.........Art. I. 3, 2. Slave-claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave..............A mend. XIV. 4. Slavery-nor involuntary servitude, exeept as a punishment........A mend. XIII. 1. Smaller-a smaller number may adjourn from day to day..........Art. I. 5, I. Soldier-no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in.........Amend. III. Sole-shall have the sole power of impeachment................... Art. I. 2, 5. shall have the sole power to try all impeachments............. Art. I. 3, 5. Solemnly-I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will.............. Art II. II., 9. South Carolina-South Carolina five.............................Art. I. 2, 3. Speaker-shall Choose their Speaker and other officers.............Art. I. 2, 5. Speech-and for any speech or debate in either House............. Art. I. 6, I. abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press............. Amend. I. Speedy-shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.......... A mend. VI. Square-over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)........ Art. 1. 8, 17. Standard-and fix the standard of weights and measures.......... Art. I. 8, 5. State-Electors in each State shall have the qualifications..........Art. 1. 2, I. the most numerous branch of the State Legislature...........Art. I. 2, 1. be an inhabitant of that State in which he.................... Art. 1. 2, 2. each State shall have at least one Representative.............A rt. I. 2, 3. the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled................A rt. 1. 2, 3. happen in the representation from any State.................Art. I. 2, 4. composed of two Senators from each State................... Art. I. 3, x. during the recess of the Legislature of any State..............Art. I. 3, 2. inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.........Art. 1. 3, 3. prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof...........Art. I. 4, a. purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State...... Art.. 8, 17. shall be laid on articles exported from any State........ A......Art. I 9, 5. to the ports of one State over those of another................Art. I. 9, 5. nor shall vessels bound to or from one State.................Art. I. 9, 5. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 129 State-whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state............Art. 1. 9, 7. no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or..............Art. I. Io, I. no State shall, without the consent of the Congress........... Art. I. IO, 2. duties and imposts laid by any State on imports............. Art. I. o, 2. no State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay..........Art. I. Io, 2. compact with another State, or with a foreign power..........Art. I. IO, 2. each State shall appoint, in such manner as................. Art. II. I, 2. to which the State may be entitled in the Congress...........Art. II. I, 2. shall not be an inhabitant of the same State.................. Art. II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote...........Art. II. I, 3. information of the state of the Union, and recommend........ Art. II. 3, I. between a State and citizens of another State................ Art. III. 2, I. between citizens of the same State, claiming lands...........Art. III. 2, I. and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign......Art. III. 2, I. and those in which a State shall be a party.................. Art. III. 2, 2. shall be held in the State where the said crimes..............Art. 111. 2, 3. when not committed within any State, the trial...............Art. III. 2, 3. full faith and credit shall be given in each State................Art. IV. I, I. records, and judicial proceedings of every other State........Art. IV. I, I. the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all............. Art. IV. 2, I. person charged in any State with treason, felony............Art. VI. 2, 2. flee from justice, and be found in another State............. Art. IV. 2, 2. on demand of the executive authority of the State............ Art. IV. 2, 2. removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.........Art. IV. 2, 2. no person, held to service or labor in one State.............. Art. IV. 2, 3. but no new State shall be formed or erected..................Art. IV. 3, I. within the jurisdiction of any other State..................... Art. IV. 3, I. nor any State be formed by the junction of two...............Art. IV. 3, I..laims of the United StatesL or of any particular State........Art. IV. 3, 2. to every State in this Union a republican form of............. Art. IV. 4, I. that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived.......... Art. V. I, I. the judges in every State shall be bound thereby............ Art. VI. I, 2. or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.........Art. VI. I, 2. and the members of the several State Legislatures...........Art. VI. I, 3. militia being necessary to the security of a free State.........A nend. II. trial by an impartial jury of the State and district............ A mend. VI. one of the United States, by citizens of another State........Amend. XI. or by citizens, or subjects of any foreign State...............Amend. XI. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.......A nend. XII. I. the representation from each State having one vote........... mend. XII. I. citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein......A mend. XIV. I. no State shall make or enforce any law, which shall........... Amend. XIV. I. nor shall any State deprive any person of life................A mend. XIV. I. counting the whole number of persons in each State..........A mend. XIV. 2. the executive and judicial officers of a State................. Amend. XIV. 2. inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age.....Amend. XIV. 2. male citizens, twenty-one years of age in such State..........Amend. XIV. 2. under the United States, or under any State................ Amend. XIV. 3. or as a member of any State Legislature....................Amend. XIV. 3. as an executive or judicial officer of any State...............Amend. XIV. 3. 9 130 A CONCORDANCE TO THE State-nor any State shall assume or pay any debt................. Amend. XIV. 4. or by any State, on account of race, color, or any............Amend. X V. I. Stated-the President shall, at stated times, receive............... Art. II. I, 7. shall, at stated times, receive for their services...............Art. III. I, I. Statement-and account of the receipts and expenditures........... A rt I. 9, 6. States-by the people of the several States........................ Art. I. 2, 1. among the several States which may be included............ Art. I. 2, 3. with foreign nations, and among the several States..........A rtf. 1. 8, 3. reserving to the States respectively, the appointment......... Art. I. 8, i6. cession of particular States, and the acceptance.............. A rt.. 8, 17. importation of such persons as any of the States...........A.Art. I. 9, I. the electors shall meet in their respective States.............,Art. II. I, 3. the President, the votes shall be taken by States.............,4 II.v. I, 3. a member, or members, from two-thirds of the States...... Art. II. I, 3. majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice......Art. II. x, 3. militia of the several States, when called into................A rt. II. 2, I. to controversies between two or more States................ A rt. III. 2, I. between citizens of different States.........A................. A rt. III. 2, I. claiming lands under grants, of different States.............Art I. 2, I. citisens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects..... Art. III. 2, I. and immunities of citizens in the several States.............. Art. IV. 2, I. new States may be admitted by the Congress................Art. IV. 3, I. formed by the junction of two or more States................ Art. IV. 3, I. consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned.......... Art. IV. 3, I. the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States.......... Art. V. I, I. the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States........ Art. V. I, I. both of the United States, and of the several States..........Art. Vi. x, 3. the ratification of the Conventions of nine States....A.....rt. VII. I, 3. establishment of this Constitution between the States........A rt. VII. I, I. nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved..............Amend X. reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.......... Amend. X. the electors shall meet in their respective States.............. Amend. XII. I. the President, the votes shall be taken by States............. Amend. XII. 1. a member or members from two-thirds of the States......... Amend. XII. I. a majority of all the States shall be necessary........Am.......end. XII. I. shall be apportioned among the several States............... Amend. XIV. 2. Subject-be liable and subject to indictment, trial.................. Art. I. 3, 7. and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies.Ar......t....... I. 8. 4. and all such laws shall be subject to the revision.............Art. I. Io, 2. any subject relating to the duties of their respective.......... 11. 2, I. nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence......A..Amend. V. the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction...A mend. XIII. I. naturalized in the United States, and subject to the.......... Amend. XIV. a. Subjects-and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.................Ar III. 2, a. or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.............. Amend. XI. Subsequent-every subsequent term of ten years................ Art. I. 2, 3. Such-in such manner as they shall by law direct.................. Art. I. 2, 3. until such enumeration shall be made................A.......rt. L 2, 3. shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.....A........rt. I. 2, 4. the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies..........Art. I. 3, 2. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 13I Such-at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations.........A rt. I. 4, I. such meeting shall be on the first Monday in.................Art. I. 4, a. attendance of absent members, in such manner..............Art. I. 5, I. under such penalties as each House may provide............Art. I. 5, I. excepting such parts as may, in their judgment....... A..... Art. I. 5, 3. shall have been increased during such time.................. Art. I. 6, 2. if, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House.......Art. I. 7, 2. in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall...............Art. I. 7, 2. governing such part of them as may be employed............Art. I. 8, I6. over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)...........Art. I. 8, I6. importation of such persons as any of the States.............Art. I. 9, I. imposed on such importation not exceeding ten...............Art. I. 9, I. and all such laws shall be subject to the revision.............Art. I. IO, 2. or in such imminent danger, as will not admit of delay.......Art. I. io, 2. each State shall appoint, in such manner as..................Art. II. I, 2. shall be the President, if such number be a majority..........Art. II. I, 3. if there be more than one who have such majority............Art. II. I, 3. President, and such officer shall act accordingly..............Art. I. I, 6. by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers..........A rt. II. 2, 2. recommend for their consideration such measures............Art. II. 3, I. adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper............A rt. 11. 3,'. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts............ A rt. III. I, I. both as to law and fact, with such exceptions................A rt. III. 2, 2. such trial shall be held in the State where...................Art. III. 2, 3. the trial shall be at such place or places, as Congress......... Art. III. 2, 3. prescribe the manner in which such acts, records.............Art. IV. I, I. be discharged from such service or labor..................... A rt. IV. 2, 3. claim of the party to whom such service or labor..............Art. I V 2, 3. if such number be a majority of the whole number............A. mend. XII. I. be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority..........A mend. XIL 2. inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age......A nend. XIV. 2. reduced in the proportion which the-number of such male.....Amend. XIV. 2. male citizens, twenty-one years of age, in such State..........Amend. XIV. 2. two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.............Amend. XIV. 3. such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held............A mentd. XIV. 4. Sufficient-for the establishment of this Constitution...............Art. VII. I, I. Suffrage-be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate...........Art. V. I, I. Suit-in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted................. Amend. XI. Suits-in suits at common law, where the value....................A mend. VII. Sundays-(Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented.... Art. I. 7, 2. Support-raise and support armies; but no appropriation...... Art. I. 8, I2. by oath, or affirmation, to support this Constitution..........Art. VI. I, 3. to support the Constitution of the United States.............Anend. XIV. 3. Supported-upon probable cause, supported by oath.............. A mend. IV. Supreme-constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.......Art. I. 8, 9. judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers..........A rt. II. 2, 2. in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts............Arg III. I, I. the judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts..........Art. III. x, I. the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction...........Art. III. 2, 2. the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction.......... Art. III. 2,, a. 132 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Supreme -United States, shall be the supreme law of the land.....Art. VI. I, 2. Suppress-suppress insurrections and repel invasions..............Art. I. 8, 15. Suppressing-in suppressing insurrection or rebellion.............. Amend. XIV. 4. Suspended-unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion.........,Art. I.. 9, 2. Swear-I do solemnly sweat (or affirm) that I will..................4 rt. AI. I, 9. T. Take-before the same shall take effect shall be approved.......... Art.I. 7, 3. he shall take the following oath or affirmation................ Art. II. I, 8. he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.........Art. II. 3, I. Taken-enumeration, herein before directed to be taken........... Art. I. 9, 4in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken........... Art. II. I, 3. be taken for public Use, without just compensation........... Amend. V. the President, the votes shall be taken by States............. Amend. XII. I. previously taken an oath as a member of Congress..........A.A mend. XIV. 3. Tax-a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation...........Art. I. 9, I. no capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, unless.........Art. I. 9, 4. no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported..............Art. I. 9, 5. Taxed-excluding Indians not taxed......................A......rt. 1. 2, 3. excluding Indians not taxed................................ Amend. XIV. 2. Taxes-direct taxes shall be apportioned among................... Art. I. 2, 3. power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts...............Art. I. 8, x. Temporary-may make temporary appointments, until............ Art. I. 3, 2. Ten-within every subsequent term of ten years................... Art. I. 2, 3. Virginia ten............................................... Art. I. 2, 3. not be returned by the President within ten days.............Art. I. 7, 2. over such district (not exceeding ten miles square)........... Art. I. 8, 17. importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each.............Art. I. 9, I. Tender-gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts..........Art. I. Io, I. Term-those bound to service for a term of years.................. Art. I. 2, 3within every subsequent term of ten years................... Art. I. 2, 3. of money to that use shall be for a longer term than..........Art. 1. 8, 12. shall hold his office during the term of four years........... Art. II. x, I. the Vice-President, chosen for the same term................Art. II. x, x. Territory-or other property belonging to the United States.......Art. IV. 3, 2. Test-but no religious test shall ever be required.................. Art. VI. I, 3. Testimony-of two witnesses to the same overt act................Art. III. 3, s. Themselves-an inhabitant of the same State with themselves......Art. II. 1, 3. not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.... Amend. XII. I. Then-the certificates; and the votes shall then be counted........Art. II. I, 3. have an equal number of votes, then the House..............Art. II. I, 3. if no person have a majority, then from the five..............Art. II. I, 3. then from the persons having the highest numbers............ A mend. XII. I. then the Vice-Presilent shall act as President..............A.. A end. XII. I. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest.......A mend. XII. 2. Thereby-the judges in every State shall be bound thereby........ Art. VI. I, 2. Therein-consequence of any law or regulation therein............ Art. IV. 2, 3. the basis of representation therein shall be reduccd........... Amend. XIV. 2. Thereof-executive authority thereof shall issue writs............. Art. I. 2, 4. chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years............... Art. I. 3, I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. I33 Thereof-the executive thereof may make temporary..............Art. I. 3, 2. prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof...........Art. L. 4, I. regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin............... A rt. 1. 8, 5. or in any department or officer thereof.....................Art. 1. 8, i8. such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct...........A rt II. I, 2. between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign........... A rt. III. 2, i. proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof........... Art. IV. I, I. service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof..........Art. IV. 2, 3. States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof.............Art. V. I, I. made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made.............Art. VI. I, 2. religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof..............A mend. I. the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof..... Amend. XIV. I. of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof..........Amend. XIz. 2. or given aid and comfort to the enemies thereof...............Amend. XIV. 3. Thing-make anything but gold and silver coin a tender.............Art. I. Io, I. anything in the Constitution or laws of any State............ Art. VI. 1, 2. Things-and the persons or things to be seized....................Amend. IV. Think-States now existing, shall think proper to admit........... Art. I. 9, i. inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President.....4 Art. II. 2, 2. adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper...........A rt. II. 3, I. Third-of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year........ A rt. I. 3, 2. so that one-third may be chosen every second year........... Art. I. 3, 2. Thirty-shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand............./Art. I. 2, 3. not have attained to the age of thirty years.................. Art. I. 3, 3. Thirty-five-have attained to the of age thirty-five years.......... Art. II. I, 5. Thousand-shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand......... Art. I. 2, 3. prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight....... Art. I. 9, I. the year one thousand eight hundred and eight......Art. V. i, I. Three-enumeration shall be made within three years.............. A rt. I. 2, 3. New Hampshire shall be entitled to'choose three............. rt. I. 2, 3. Georgia three.........r................................t....... 2, 3. divided as equally as may be, into three classes........Ar......t. I. 3, 2. adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place...... Art. I. 5, 4. not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for.............,A mend. XII. I. Three-fifths-three-fifths of all other persons..................... A rt. I. 2, 3. Three-fourths-of the several States, or by conventions............ A rt. V. I, I. States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof............ Art. V. I, I. Throughout-shall be uniform throughout the United States....... Art. I. 8, I. subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States......A...Art. I. 8, 4. day shall be the same throughout all the States..............A rt. II. i, 4. Time-Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter............A rt. I. 4, I. from time to time, publish the same, excepting............... Art. I. 5, 3. shall, during the time for which he was elected............... Art. I. 6, 2.1 shall have been increased during such time................... rt. I. 6, 2. public money, shall be published from time to time........... Art. I. 9, 6. keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace................. I.f. o, 2. the Congress may determine the time of choosing............. Art. II. I, 4. at the time of the adoption of this Constitution............... Art. II. 1, 5. he shall, from time to time, give to the Congress............ Art. II. 3, I. disagreement between them with respect to the time..........Art. I. 3, I. 134 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Time —adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper...........Art. If. 3,2. Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish........Art. III. I, I. no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in.............Amend. III. nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed.........Amend. rIL. the militia, when in actual service, in time of war.............Amend. V. Times-the times, places and manner of holding elections..........Art. I. 4, 1. securing for limited times to authors and inventors...........Art. I. 8, 8. the President shall, at stated times, receive for...............Art. II. Is 7. shall, at stated times, receive for their services.........A......rt. III. I, I. Title-no title of nobility shall be granted by the.................. Art. I. 9, 7. office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king...........Art. I. 9, 7. of contracts; or grant any title of nobility...................A rt. I. Io, I. Together-shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other..Art. I. 7, 2. together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same....Art. II. I, I. Tonnage-lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war....A rt. I. Io, 2. Training-and the authority of training the militia................Art. I. 8, a6. Tranquility-establish justice, insure domestic tranquility..........Preamble. Transmit-list they shall sign, certify, and transmit............... Art. II. I, 3. lists they shall sign, and certify, and transmit, sealed........A mend. XII. a. Treason-except treason, felony, and breach of the peace.........Art. I. 6, I. conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes...........Art. II. 4, I. treason against the United States shall consist............... Art. III. 3, I. no person shall be convicted of treason, unless............... Art. II. ~, I. shall have power to declare the punishment of treason........Art. III. 3, 2. no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood......... 4 rt. 4 Ii. 3, 2. in any State with treason, felony, or other crime.............Art. IV. 2, 2. Treasury-and paid out of the treasury of the United States.......Art. I. 6, I. no money shall be drawn from the treasury, but..............A rt. I. 9, 6. shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States..... Art. I. Io, 2. Treaties-to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators....Art. 11. 2, 2. the laws of the United States, and treaties made............Art. III. 2, I. and all treaties made, or which shall be made...............Art. FI. I, 2. Treaty-no State shall enter into any treaty, alliance............... Art. I. Io, I. Trial-subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and......... A.... Alrt. I. 3, 7. trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment...........Art. III. 2, 3. trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes.........Art. III. 2, 3. the trial shall be at such place or places, as Congress.........A rt. III. 2, 3. shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial.............A men d. Vl. the right of trial by jury shall be preserved.................. A mend. VII. Tribes-among the several States, and with the Indian tribes......Ar. I. 8, 3. Tribunals-constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court......Art. I. 8, 9. Tried-when the President of the United States is tried...........Art. I. 3, 6. no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined.......... Amend. VII. Troops-lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war.....Art. I. io, 2. Trust-to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit.......Art. I. 3, 7. and no person holding any office of profit or trust............Art. I. 9, 7. or persons holding an office of trust or profit................ Art. II. X, 2. required as a qualification to any office or public trust........Art. VI.,. 3. Try-shall have the sole power to try all impeachments............. A rt. I. 3, 6. Twenty-value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars......... Amend. VII. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 135 Twenty-five —attained to the age of twenty-five...................A rt. I. 2, 2. Twenty.one years of age, and citizens of the United States........Amend. XIV. 2. male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State...........A mend. XJV.. 2 Twice-to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb.................. Amend. V. Two-composed of two Senators from each State....A... r......... Ar. 3, I. place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting....... Art. I. 5, 4. to that use shall be for a longer term than two years..........Art. I. 8, i2. vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one, at least......... ArtII. I, 3. should remain two or more, who have equal votes............ Art. II., 3. to controversies between two or more States.................. Art. III. 2, I. testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act............. Art. III. 3, I. formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts.......Art. IV. 3, I. if no person have a majority, then from the two highest.......A mend. XII. 2. Two-thirds-convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds.....Art. I. 3, 6. with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.......... Art. I. 5, 2. two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill..........Art. 1. 7, a. if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall.............Art. I. 7, 2. disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds........ A rt. I 7, 3. a member, or members, from two-thirds of the States........Art. II. I, 3. make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators.......... A rt. II. 2, 2. two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary........A... Art. V. x, x. on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds..........A rt. V., I. a member or members from two-thirds of the States.......... A mend. XII. I. consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators.......Amzend. XII. 2. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House........Amenld. XIV. 3. U. Under-of honor, trust, or profit under the United States......... Ar I. 3, 7. under such penalties, as each House may provide........... Art. I. 5, I. office under the authority of the United States..............Art.. 6, 2. office under the United States shall be a member............Art. I. 6, 2. holding any office of profit or trust under them............. Art. 1. 9, 7. office of trust or profit under the United States.............. Art. II. I, 2. in law and equity, arising under this Constitution............ Art. III. 2, I. or which shall be made under their authority................ Art. III. 2, I. claiming lands under grants of different States..............A rt. III. 2, I. tinder such regulations, as the Congress shall make..........Art. III. 2, 2. service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof.......... Art. IV. 2a, 3. valid against the United States under this Constitution......Art. VI. I, I. made under the authority of the United States..............Art. VI. I, 2. to any office or public trust, under the United States.........Art. VI. I, 3. any office, civil or military, under the United States........A mend. XIV. 3. or under any State, who having previously taken...........A end. XIV. 3. Uniform —imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout........Art. 1. 8, 1. to establish a uniform rule of naturalization................ Art. I. 8, 4. and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies.............Art.. 8, 4. Union-in order to form a more perfect union...................... Preambe. States which may be included within this Union............ Art. I. 2, 3. the militia to execute the laws of the Union.................. Art. I. 8, I5. information of the state of the Union, and recommend....... Art. II. 3, I. 136 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Union-may be admitted by the Congress into this Union..........Art. IV. 3, I. to every State in this Union, a republican form of.............Art. IV. 4, I. United States-We, the People of the United States..............Preambe. Constitution for the United States of America............Preamble. vested in a Congress of the United States...................A.rt. I. I, I. been seven years a citizen of the United States.............. Art. I. 2, 2. first meeting of the Congress of the United States..........Art. I. 2, 3. Senate of the United States shall be composed.............. Art. I. 3, I. been nine years a citizen of the United States...............Art. I. 3, 3. The Vice-President of the United States, shall be............A.rt. I. 3, 4. the office of President of the United States................Art. I. 3, 5. When the President of the United States is tried............Art. I. 3, 6. of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States...........Art. I. 3, 7. and paid out of the treasury of the United States............ Art. I. 6, I. civil office under the authority of the United States.......... Art. I. 6, 2. office under the United States shall be a member............Art. I. 6, 2. the President of the United States; if he approve......... Art. I. 7, 2. be presented to the President of the United States...........Art. I. 7, 3. defence and general welfare of the United States............Art. I. 8, I. exercises, shall be uniform throughout the United States....Art. I. 8, I. borrow money on the credit of the United States............. Art. I.' 8, 2. subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States.......Art. I. 8, 4. the securities and current coin of the United States..........Art. I. 8, 6. employed in the service of the United States...............Art. I. 8, i6. the seat of the government of the United States.............Art. I. 8, I7. in the government of the United States.................. A.. Art. I. 8, i8. of nobility shall be granted by the United States............ Art. I. 9, 7. shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States...... Art. I. Io, 2. vested in a President of the United States.................Art. II. I, I. office of trust or profit under the United States............. Art. II. I, 2. to the seat of the government of the United States..........A..rt. II. I, 3. day shall be the same throughout the United States.......... A rt. II. I, 4. or a citizen of the United States at the time of...............Art. II. I, 5. fourteen years a resident within the United States...........A rt. II. I, 5. emolument from the United States, or any of them...........A rt. II. I, 7. execute the office of President of the United States...,.......Art. II. I, 9. and defend the Constitution of the United States............Art. II. I, 9. of the army and navy of the United States................. Art. II. 2, I. called into the actual service of the United States............ Art. II. 2, I. pardons for offences against the United States, except........ Art. II. 2, I. officers of the United States, whose appointments...........Art. II. 2, 2. shall commission all the officers of the United States........Art. II. 3, I. civil officers of the United States shall be removed..........Art. II. 4, I. judicial power of the United States shall be vested............rAt. III. I, I. the laws of the United States, and treaties made.............Art. III. 2, I. controversies to which the United States shall be............Art. III. 2, I. Treason against the United States shall consist..............Art. III. 3, i. or other property belonging to the United States............. Art. IV. 3, 2. claims of the United States or of any particular State......... Art. IV. 3, 2. The United States shall guarantee to every State............Art. IV. 4, I. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 137 United States-valid against the United States, under this........Art. VI. I, I. the laws of the United States, which shall be made..........Art. VI. I, 2. authority of the United States, shall'be the supreme.........Art.'VI. I, 2. both of the United States, and of the several States.........Art. VI. T, 3. office of public trust under the United States................. Art VI. I. 3. re-examined in any court of the United States........... A.... Aend. VII. not delegated to the United States by the Constitution.......A mend. X. thejudicial power of the United States shall not.............A mend. XI. against one of the United States, by citizens of another...... A mend. XI. to the seat of the government of the United States.......... A mend. XII. I. eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.......Amend. XII. 3. shall exist in the United States, or any place subject.........Amend. XIII. I. naturalized in the United States, andSsubject to the.......... Amend. XIV. I. citizens of the United States, and of the States wherein.....Amend. XIV. I. privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States.....Amend. XIV. I. for President and Vice-President of the United States....... Anend. XIV. 2. years of age, and citizens of the United States.............Anzend. XIV. 2. any office, civil or military, under the United States.......... AsZend. XIV. 3. to support the Constitution of the United States.............Amend. XIV. 3. the validity of the public debt of the United States..........Amend. XIV. 4. neither the United States nor any State shall assume........ Amend. XIV. 4. rebellion against the United States, or any claim............Amend. XIV. 4. the rights of: citizens of the United States to vote............A mend. XV. I. not be denied or abridged by the United States, or.......... Amend. XV. I. Unless-shall have no vote unless they be equally divided......... Art. I. 3, 4. unless they shall by law appoint a different day............. rt. I. 4, 2. unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent.......... Art. I. 7, 2. suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion, or............Art. I. 9, 2. unless in proportion to the census or enumeration............ A rt I. 9, 4. unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger.........Art. I. Io, 2. convicted of treason, unless on the testimony................Art. III. 3, I. crime, unless on a presentment or ind;ctment................Amend. V. Unreasonable-against unreasonable searches and seizures........A mend. IV. Until-until such enumeration shall be made...................... Art. I. 2, 3. make temporary appointments until the next................. Art. I. 3, 2. act accordingly, until the disability be removed..............Art. II. I, 6. Unusual-nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted............ Amend. VIII. Use-no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a........ A.rt. I. 8, 12. shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States......Art. I. IO, 2. be taken for public use, without just compensation...........A mend. V. Useful-promote the progress of science and useful arts...........Art. I. 8, 8. V. Vacancies-when vacancies happen in the representation.......... Art. I. 2, 4. shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies............. Art.. 2, 4. if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise.............Art. I. 3, 2. the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies..........Art. I. 3, 2. vacancies that may happen during the recess................ Art. II. 2, 3. Vacated-of Senators of the first class shall be vacated........... Art. I. 3, 2. Valid-to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution... Art. V. I, I. 138 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Valid-shall be as valid against the United States...............Art. VI. I, x. Validity-of the public debt of the United States.............A....mend. XIV. 4. Value-regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin.............A rt. I. 8, 5. in suits at common law, when the value..................... Amend. VII. Vessels-nor shall vessels bound to or from one State............. Art. I. g, 5. Vest-but the Congress may by law vest the appointment.........A rt. II. 2, 2. Vested-shall be vested in a Congress of the United States........Art. I. I, I. and all other powers vested by this Constitution...... A... Art. I. 8, I8. executive power shall be vested in a President...............Art. II. I, I. judicial power of tile United States shall be vested..........Art. III. a, I. Vice-President —the Vice-President of the United States shall.....Art. I. 3, 4. in the absence of the Vice-President, or..................... Art. I. 3, 5. together with the Vice-President, chosen for.................Art. II. I, I. of votes of the electors, shall be the Vice-President........ ArI1.I., 3. shall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-President.........Art. II. I, 3. the same shall devolve on the Vice-President.................Ar II. I, 6. inability, both of the President and Vice-President...........Art. If. i, 6. the President, Vice-President, and all civil officers.......... Art. II. 4, I. and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President..........Anmend. XII. I. distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President......A.mend. XII. I. and of all persons voted for as Vice-President...............Amentd. XII. I. then the Vice-President shall act as President................Amend. XII. I. votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President.......... Amend. XII. 2. the Senate shall choose the Vice-President.................. Amend. XII. 2. eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States........Amend. XII. 3choice of electors for President and Vice-President...........Amend. XIV. 2. or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold........... Amend. XIV. 2. Violated-and no warrants shall issue, but upon................... Amend. IV. Violence-cannot be convened,) against domestic violence.........Art. IV. 4, I. Virginia-Virginia ten...................................A rt. I. 2, 3. Void-obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.........Amend. XIV. 4. Vote-and each Senator shall have one vote......................A rt. I. 3, I. shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided............A rt. I. 3, 4. order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrenee.......... A Xrt. I. 7, 3. meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot............Art. II. I, 3. the representation from each State having one vote.......... Art. II. I, 3. vote by ballot for President and Vice-President..............Anmend. XII. I. the representation from each State having one vote..........Amend. XII. I. the right to vote at any election for the choice................ Amend. XIV. 2. Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House.......Amend. XIV. 3. the right of citizens of the United States to vote.............Amend. XV. I. Toted-shall make a list of all the persons voted for...............Art. II. I, 3. in their ballots the person voted for as President..............Amend. AlI. I. distinct ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President.......Amend. XII. I. distinct lists of all persons voted for as Vice-President.........Amend. XII. I. and of all persons voted for as Vice-President................Amend. XII. I. on the list of those voted for as President.................... Amend. XII. I. Votes-in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall............ Art. I. 7, 2. persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each........Art. II. I, 3. the certificates; and the votes shall then be counted..........Art. II. a. 3. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. I39 Votes-the person having the greatest number of votes............ Art. II. I, 3. have an equal number of votes, then the House............. Art. II. I, 3. in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken........... Art. II., 3. having the greatest number of votes of the Electors...........Art. II. I, 3should remain two or more who have equal votes............. Art. II. I, 3. and the day on which they shall give their votes.............. Art II. I, 4. number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign......... Amend. XII. I. the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted...........A mend. XII. I. the person having the greatest number of votes...............Amend. XII. I. the President, the~votes shall be taken by States..............Amend. XII. I the greatest number of votes as Vice-President...............Amend.. 2. Voting-names of the persons voting for and against..............Art. I. 7, 2. W. War-declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal............ Art. I. 8, II. lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war..........Art. L. Io, 2. or engage in war, unless actually invaded.................... Art. I. I, 2. only in levying war against them, or in adhering.............Art. III. 3, I. time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.........Amend. III. the militia, when in actual service, in time of war............. Amend. V. Warrants-shall issue, but upon probable cause................... Amend. IV. Water-rules concerning captures on land and water.............. Art. I. 8, II. Way-abridged, except for participation in rebellion............... Amend. XIV. 2, We-we, the People of the United States.......................... Preamble. Weights —and fix the standard of weights and measures........... Art. I. 8, 5. Welfare-promote the general welfare............................Preamble. provide for the common defence and general welfare.......... Art. I. 8, I. Well-of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress..........Art. IV. 3, l. a well regulated militia being necessary to the security........ Amend. II. to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses........... Amend. VI. Whatever-or title of any kind whatever, from any king.........A.4rt. I. 9, 7. Whatsoever-exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever......... Art. I. 8, I6. When-when vacancies happen in the representation..............., rt.. 2, 4. when the President of the United States is tried.............. Art. I. 3, 6. militia of the several States, when called into................. Art. 11. 2, I. but when the right to vote at any election............. A..... A imend. XIV. 2. Whenever-two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary.....Art. V. I, I. not choose a President, whenever the right of choice..........Amend. XII. I. Wherein-district, wherein the crime shall have been committed... Amend. VI. of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside.... Amend. XIV. I. Whereof-emoluments whereof shall have been increased.......... Art. I. 6, 2. as a punishemxent for crime, whereof the party................ Amend. XIII. I. Whole-determined by adding to the whole number............... Art. I. 2, 3. number of Electors, equal to the whole number.............. Art. II. a, 2. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.......... Art. II., 3. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.......... Amend. XI]. I. majority of the whole number of Electors appointed.......... Amend. XII. 2. consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators.........Amend. XII. 2. a majority of the whole number shall be necessary............Amend. XII. 2. 140 A CONCORDANCE TO THE Whole-counting the whole number of persons in each State.......Amend. XIM. 2. of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number.........m..A end. XIV. 2. Within-States which may be included within this Union.........Art. I, 2. 3. enumeration shall be made within three years................ Art. I. 2, 3. within every subsequent term of ten years...................Art. 1. 2, 3. not be returned by the President within ten days............ Art. I. 7, 2. fourteen years a resident within the United States.............tII. I, 5. not receive within that period any other emolument........... rt. II. I, 7. when not committed within any State, the trial...............Art. III. 2, 3. or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State..........Art. IV. 3, I. nor deny to any person within.its jurisdiction, equal..........Amend. XIV. I. Withont-no person shall be convicted without the............... Art. I. 3, 6. shall, without the consent of the other adjourn................Art. I. 5, 4. shall, without the consent of Congress, accept of............. Art. I. 9, 7. without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts........ Art. I. IO, 2. shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty...........Art. I. Io, 2. without the consent of the Legislatures of the States.......... Art. IV. 3, I. no State, without its consent, shall be deprived............... Art. V. I, I. be quartered in any house, without the consent............... Amend. III. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law........ Amend. V. be taken for public use, without just compensation........... Anend. V. of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law....... Amend. XIV. I. Witness-against himself; nor be deprived of life................. Amend. V. Witnesses-to the same overt act, or on confession................ Art. III. 3, I. to be confronted with the witnesses against him.............. Amend. VI.1 Work-no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood.........Art. III. 3, 2. Writ-privilege of the writ of habeas corfus shall not..............Art. 9, 2. Writing-may require the opinion in writing, of the...............Art... II. 2, I. Writings-right to their respective writings and discoveries.........Art. I. 8, 8. Writs-executive authority thereof shall issue writs.................. Art. 1. 2, 4. Y. Year-chosen every second year by the people................... Art.. 2, I. vacated at the expiration of the second year..................A.rt. I. 3, 2. second class, at the expiration of the fourth year..............Art. I. 3, 2. of the third class, at the expiration of the sixth year..........Art. I. 3, 2. that one-third may be chosen every second year............. Art. I. 3, 2. Congress shall assemble at least once in every year............ Art. I. 4, 2. prior to the year, one thousand eight hundred and eight.......rt I. 9, I. prior to the year, one thousand eight hundred and eight...... Art. V. I, I. Years-attained to the age of twenty-five years.................... Art. I. 2, 2. been seven years a citizen of the United States...............Art. I. 2, 2. those bound to service for a term of years.................... Art. I. 2, 3. enumeration shall be made within three years............... Art. I., 3. within every subsequent term of ten years.................... Art. I. 2, 3. chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years...............Art. I. 3, I. not have attained to the age of thirty years..................._Art. I. 3, 3. been nine years a citizen of the-United States...........Art. I. 3, 3. to that use shall be for a longer term than two years..........Art. I. 8, 22. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 141 fears-shall hold his office during the term of four years...........Art. II. x, I. not have attained to the age of thirty-five years..............Art. II. I, 5. fourteen years a resident within the United States.......... Art. II. I, 5. twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the..................Amend. XIV. 2. of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State:....... Amend. XIV. 2. Yeas —yeas and nays of the members of either House.............. Art. I. 5, 3. shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names........Art. I. 7, 2. QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. [N.B.-These questions are made as few as possible, and purposely framed so as not to contain their answer, and thus make it too easy; while, in a few instances, it will require special attention on the part of the young learner to find the answer, though always contained in the clause from which the italicized words are taken.] By whom was the Constitution of the United States ordained and established? and for what purpose? In whom is vested the sole power of making laws under the Constitution? what is that body called? and of what two separate parts does it consist? Who compose the House of Representatives? how are they chosen, and how often? What three qualifications must a Representative have, when elected? According to what rule are Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned among the several States? What class of persons are excluded? How often must the enumeration or census be made i How are vacancies in the House of Representatives to be I44 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION filled? How are their officers to be appointed? and which House has the sole power of impeachment? Of how many is the Senate composed? by whom are they chosen? and for how long? What portion of the Senate is chosen every second year? How are vacancies in the Senate to be filled? What three qualifications must a Senator have, when elected? What officer is President of the Senate? and when only has he a right to vote? When can the Senate choose a President pro tempore? and how are their other officers appointed? Which House of Congress has the sole power to try all impeachments? On what occasion must the Chief Justice preside over the Senate? On an impeachment trial, the concurrence of how many members is required for conviction? How far only can judgment in cases of impeachment extend? and is the party liable to any further prosecution for the same offence? How are the elections for Senators and Representatives regulated? Who has the power to alter such regulations? but, with what exception? How often must Congress assemble? and on what day of the year? By whom are the qualifications of the members of each OF THE UNITED STATES. 145 House to be decided? and how many must be present to do business? What powers may a smaller number than a majority exercise, in special cases? How are the proceedings of each House to be governed? Who can punish disorderly behavior? and how many votes are required to expel a member from his seat? What must each House of Congress keep and publish, or not publish? and at whose demand must the votes on any question be recorded? For how long a time only can one House adjourn, without the consent of the other? Can the two Houses hold their session in separate places? Are the Senators and Representatives to be paid anything for their services? by their own States, or from the Treasury of the United States? During what two specified times is it forbidden to arrest members, but with certain exceptions? In what three cases are members of Congress not privileged from arrest? In what place only can a member of Congress be called to account or questioned for what he may have said during debate? What two restrictions are placed upon the appointment of members of Congress to any civil office? and what persons, on the other hand, cannot be members of either House? In which of the two Houses must all bills for getting money for the public treasury originate? What privilege has the other House in regard to amendments to such bills? What power has the President of the United States in mak. 10 146 QUESTIONS ON THIE CONSTITUTION ing a law, or preventing a law from being made? If he has objections to a bill that has been passed by Congress, what must he do? And what must Congress then proceed to do? How can a bill become a law to which the President has made objections? What follows in case the President keeps a bill for ten days, without returning it to Congress either signed or unsigned? What other proceedings of Congress must be approved by the President before they can take effect? For what three purposes has Congress the power to lay and collect taxes? and how must this be done throughout the United States? For what purpose may Congress use the credit of the United States? With whom has Congress the power to regulate commerce? By whom alone can uniform laws be made, relating to bankruptcies and naturalization? By whose sole authority can money be coined, its value regulated, counterfeiting punished, and the standard of weights and measures be fixed? How is it provided that post-ofces and post-roads shall be established? and that the progress of science and useful arts may be promoted? What courts or tribunals has Congress the power to constitute? and to what extent does Congress claim jurisdiction on the high seas, and concerning the law of nations? OF THE UNITED STATES. 147 What are the war powers of Congress? What power have they in military and naval matters? and what is the money restriction placed on Congress in connection therewith? Who can make rules for the regulation of the land and naval forces? For what three purposes may Congress providefor calling forth the militia? What four powers are to be exercised by Congress over the militia, when employed in the service of the United States? and what two powers (one wholly, and the other in part) are reserved to the States respectively? Over what portions of territory within the States has Congress the power to exercise exclusive legislation? What general power to make laws is vested in Congress by this Constitution 7 What special right was secured to the States regarding the migration or importation of persons from foreign countries? and up to what year had the States this right? In what two cases only may the writ of habeas corpus be suspended? What two kinds of laws are absolutely forbidden to be passed? How must all direct taxes be laid I On what articles is it forbidden to lay any tax or duty 7 148 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION What regulations regarding commerce or revenue are also prohibited? In what way only can money be lawfully drawn from the treasury of the United States? and what must be published from time to time relating to all public money? What kind of distinctions cannot be granted by the United States? and what class of persons are forbidden to accept of any present or other favor? and from whom are they forbidden to accept them? What nine things does the Constitution say absolutely that no State shall do? What other things are the States prohibited from doing except with the consent and under the revision and control of Congress? but in what two special cases may a State engage in war? In what person is the executive power vested? and for how long a term is he elected? In what manner are the Electors for President to be appointed? and how many is each State entitled to appoint? What persons cannot be appointed Electors? How do the Electors proceed in voting in their respective States for President and Vice-President? [For answers to this, and the following questions, on choosing the President and Vice-President, see XIIth Amendment.] Of what State must one of the candidates not be an inhabitant? To whom must certified lists of all the persons votedfor be transmitted? In whose presence must the votes be counted 9 What number of votes is required to'elect the President, and also the Vice-President? If no person should have the required OF THE UNITED STATES. 149 number, by whom is the President immediately to be chosen? and in what manner? In this case, how many votes has each State? In case no President should be chosen before the fourth day of March next following, who then must act as President? If no person have a majority of votes of the Electors for Vice-President, by whom must he then be chosen? What persons are ineligible to the office of Vice-President? Who has power to fix the time of choosing the Electors? and on which day must they give their votes? What qualifications must a person have to be eligible to the office of President? In what case does the office of President devolve on the Vice-President? In case of the inability of both the President and the Vice-President, who has power by law to declare what officer shall act as President? What is the President entitled to for his services? and what is he forbidden to receive? How must he qualify himself to enter on the execution of his office? Who is Commander-in-Chief of the military and naval forces of the United States? In what form, and on what subjects, may the President require the opinion of the chief officers? In what cases has he power to grant reprieves and pardons? What power has the President in making treaties? and who 150 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION must concur with him? What officers can the President appoint by and with the advice and consent of the Senate? What other officers may Congress by law provide for being otherwise appointed? and by whom? When has the Presidentpower to fill vacancies in office? and for how long a time? What must the President, from time to time, give to Congress? and what may he recommend? What special power has he, on extraordinary occasions? By whom are ambassadors and other public ministers to be received? Whose duty is it to take care that the laws be faithfully executed? From whom must all the officers of the United States receive their commissions? For what cause, and in what manner, may the President, or -any civil officer of the United States, be removed from office? Where is the judicialpower of the United States vested? Who has power to ordain and establish the Courts?.For how long a time may the judges of those Courts hold their offices? and to what are they entitled for their services? To what cases does the judicial power of the United States extend? Of these, in what two classes of cases has the Supreme Court original jurisdiction? In what other cases has the Supreme Court appellate jurisdiction? Who has power to make exceptions and regulations regarding these latter cases? How must all crimes be tried? What is the exception OF THE UNITED STATES. 151 to this rule? and where must such trial be held? When may Congress direct the place or places? In what only does treason against the United States consist? On what testimony, only, can a person be convicted of treason? Who has power to declare the punishment of treason? and how is the extent of such punishment limited? What are the public acts, records, andjudicialproceedings of each State entitled to receive? and what power has Congress in the matter? What rights have the citizens of each State in the other States? What may the executive authority of one State demand of another, in regard to fugitives from justice? What other class of fugitives must be delivered up on claim of the party interested? What are the provisions for the admission of new States into this Union? In what cases must the consent of the lcgislatures of the older States be had? How is the territory belonging to the United States to be governed? and how must the Constitution be construed in regard to it? Whatform of government must every State have? From what must the United States protect each State? In case of domestic violence, when may the United States interfere? I 52 QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION In what way can amendments to this Constitution be proposed? and how, only, can they be made valid? What are the judges in every State bound to regard as the supreme law of the land? What several classes of persons must solemnly promise to support this Constitution? but what qualification shall not be required of them? What are the three things about which Congress shall make no law? What other right of the people shall not be infringed? From what grievance in time of peace does the Constitution protect every house owner? Respecting what four things shall the right of the people not be violated? And how must warrants to search places and seize persons or things be made out? In what manner only can a person be held to answer for a crime? and in what cases is this rule not to be applied? If a person has once been put in jeopardy of his life for an offence, what follows? Who cannot be comnpelled to testify in a criminal case? How, only, can a person be lawfully deprived of his life, liberty, or property? And from what is private property protected? In what way must criminal prosecutions be tried? and where must they be tried? What four special rights or privileges has an accused person in hisfavor and defence, when on his trial? In what suits must the right of trial byjury be preserved? In what way o'nly can a case be re-examined in any United States Court? OF THE UNITED STATES. 153 What are the prohibitions in regard to requiring bail, imposing fines, and inflicting punishments? How are certain rights enumerated in the Constitution not to be construed? To whom are reserved all powers not delegated to the United States? What special limitation is placed upon the judicial power originally granted to the United States? What thing is forbidden to exist in the UVnited States? Who are citizens of the United States, and of the several States? What three things are the States forbidden to do regarding citizens of the United States? By what rule are Representatives in Congress to be apportioned among the several States? If the right to vote is denied to male inhabitants, twenty-one years of age, what follows? What is the exception to this rule? Who are disqualified from holding any office under the United States, or under any State? What power has Congress in this matter? What is forbidden in regard to the validity of the public debt? On the other hand, what debts or claims are declared illegal and void? For what causes shall the right to vote not be denied or abridged? THE END.