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From the CJbrary of


John Mason Warinner












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This volume has been prepared in
a limited edition for private
distribution by the family








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^S~~t ^ /;;/.,^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ iil




A MEMOIR OF
Jtenr er irne Jatbtin
1842 TO 1911


BY  I IN
DBALDWIN
*e:

ARTHUR


His lie wais gentle,; and( the el'ntnt
S' mxtx'/ in hml  tlat Jlatlure,ti/J,'t stand up,
A4nd say tI a!/ the wuorld, 7'his Was t man!
PRIVATELY PRINTED AT CLEVELAND
3anuarn t4e Seconb
MCMXV




COPYRIGHT, I915, BY
ARTHUR D. BALDWIN




TO
~milp lezxanber galbtin
WHO THROUGH ALL THE YEARS OF THEIR
MARRIAGE, IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS, IN
HAPPINESS AND SORROW, WAS HER HUSBAND'S UNFAILING HELPER, COMPANION, AND INSPIRATION, THIS VOLUME IS LOVINGLY DEDICATED








i:
-~~ 'U


Contents


LIFE AND CHARACTER OF HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN
EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS
Hawaiian Church Chronicle, July, 1911 
The Friend, August, I9 I......
Article by William R. Castle.
The Friend, August, 1911......
Article by Doremus Scudder.
The Advertiser, July 10, I911.
The Evening Bulletin, July o1, 1911.
LETTERS OF SYMPATHY FROM PERSONAL AND BUSINESS
FRIENDS
Henry B. Restarick.......
Sanford B. Dole...
William R. Castle.......
Charles R. Brown.......
H. Laws........
Charlie Dickey........
W. S. Nicoll........
Dave T. Fleming...
From the Leper Settlement.....


13


90
94
97


99
I0I


o05
io8
110
112
I13
115
I16
117
II9








3uustrations
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN AT THE AGE OF ABOUT
63........  Frontispiece
DWIGHT AND CHARLOTTE FOWLER BALDWIN...    14
THE OLD BALDWIN HOME AT LAHAINA, MAUI..    17
APPROACHING THE TOWN OF LAHAINA ON THE ISLAND
OF MAUI.........    20
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN IN EARLY YOUTH..    22
EMILY WHITNEY ALEXANDER, A SCHOOLGIRL AT
PUNAHOU........    26
IAO VALLEY, MAUI, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS...   29
EMILY ALEXANDER BALDWIN IN 1882....   33
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN IN I867....   33
SAMUEL THOMAS ALEXANDER.....   39
THE HAMAKUA DITCH TRAIL.....   43
SUNNYSIDE HOME IN I883.....          46
THE HAIKU HOME.......   49
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN AT THE AGE OF ABOUT 45.  54
THE OLD HAMAKUAPOKO MILL.....   60
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN AT THE AGE OF ABOUT 50.  64
THE LEPER SETTLEMENT AT KALAWAO....   68
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN AT THE AGE OF ABOUT 55.  71
LOOKING ACROSS CENTRAL MAUI TO HALEAKALA..  76
THE MODERN MILL OF THE HAWAIIAN COMMERCIAL
AND SUGAR COMPANY AT PUUNENE.              79
EMILY ALEXANDER BALDWIN.....   83
THE HOME AT MALUHIA, MAUI.                   86








LIFE AND CHARACTER OF
HENRY PERRINE BALDWIN




I




life anb Ciaratter of
tenrp IPerrine IBalbtin
D WIGHT BALDWIN, father of Henry Perrine
Baldwin, was born at Durham, Connecticut, in
1798, but with his parents made his home after I804
at Durham, New York. The first two years of his
college course were taken at Williams, but later, after
an interval of teaching school, he graduated from
Yale in 1821, and subsequently began the study of
medicine while at the same time teaching a school in
Durham, New York. What followed is thus stated
in the Baldwin Genealogy written by his friend and
relative, Charles C. Baldwin of Cleveland:
The three years allowed for studying a profession had not
elapsed, when he met with a change in his religious views.
His mind had been awakened to the interests of the soul
when he was a member of Yale College. Those impressions
had not entirely worn off, but now, under the faithful preaching of their pastor, Rev. Dr. Williston, his attention was
called up to the subject of religion as it had never been before. About the first of March, I826, he found relief in believing in an Almighty Redeemer, a hope which has never
forsaken him. Religion became the all-absorbing subject of
his thought by day and by night. His pious friends now
urged him to leave the profession which he had chosen, and
direct his attention to the Christian ministry, and some suggested that his knowledge of medicine would not be needed
at home, but would increase his usefulness in some benighted
land. He soon came to the same conclusion himself, and
September 3rd of that year, he united with the Congrega

13








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life anb Character


tional Church in Durham, New York, and soon after he
entered the Theological Seminary at Auburn, where he spent
three years. While at Auburn he offered his services to
the American Board of Boston for a Foreign Mission, and
they were accepted. Therefore, when his course at Auburn
was completed, they sent for him to go to Boston to attend the
Medical Lectures at Cambridge, that he might in that department be better prepared for the missionary service.
Having come to this momentous decision, it was
evidently of the greatest importance that he should
have a wife to share in his labors, and accordingly he
was introduced by a friend to Charlotte Fowler,
daughter of Deacon Solomon Fowler of North Branford, Connecticut, and a few weeks later was married
to her on December 3, I83o. Twenty-five days later
they set sail with a company of missionaries on the
ship New England on the long trip around Cape
Horn, destined for the Sandwich Islands as the Hawaiian group was then called. This, the "fourth reinforcement," on June 21, 1831 arrived at Honolulu,
where they received an enthusiastic welcome from
the half naked Hawaiians who plunged joyously into
the surf to carry the new missionaries ashore.
Years afterward, when Mrs. Baldwin for the first
time revisited her friends and family in New England, she told them that not once on that long, stormy,
hard trip around the cape, nor yet once in the years
of ministry that followed, had she regretted that apparently hasty resolution to marry the young missionary and depart with him, leaving behind so much
that was dear, for a new and almost unknown world.
Stationed first at Waimea, Hawaii, Dwight Baldwin's health suffered in the rigorous climate of that


15




I




life anb Character


place and they moved to Lahaina on the Island of
Maui.
Lahaina was one of the principal homes of the
Hawaiian kings, and was, and is, a very lovely place,
with its luxuriant tropical growth, its foreground of
sea and its background of precipitous forest covered
mountains. It was a thriving harbor in those days,
being a port of call for the whale ships which sometimes filled the bay so full that one could jump from
one deck to another. Here for thirty-four years
Dwight Baldwin did his great life work, preaching
to the native congregations in the old Wainee church,
and serving as government physician for the Islands
of Maui, Molokai, and Lanai.
In I868 Father Baldwin (so the early missionaries
were known) resigned his Lahaina pastorate and became associated with Reverend B. W. Parker in the
conduct of the native Theological Seminary at Honolulu. Mother Baldwin died in I873. She is described
as exceptionally sweet, of quiet dignity, and well beloved by her family and friends. Her husband followed her in I886. As the inscription on her tombstone reads, it had been for both "A life of work, love
and prayer," a life intensely and sincerely religious,
full of the stern old New England sort of virtue, yet
withal exceedingly kindly, unselfish, and affectionate.
Henry Perrine Baldwin was the sixth of eight
children and was born August 29, I842 in the old
Baldwin homestead (now the Baldwin House Social
Settlement) at Lahaina.
In this old house built of coral rock and plaster,
and situated a few rods from the sea in a setting of








4




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ie anb Cbaracter


guava, mango, and breadfruit trees, live what memories of the old missionary days I In fact in an old box
in the attic for many years the curious might have
found a quantity of correspondence between the missionary fathers, which told the story of the unceasing
battle that was fought with heathen customs and renegade whites, the fight for the establishment of virtue
and the expulsion of vice from the land. The missionaries took their troubles to God with the most perfect faith and received their answer, and these letters
sound as if to all intents they talked with Him face
to face.
In the midst of such influences Henry Baldwin
grew up in the old Baldwin home. Here he shared
with his brother Charles the long room in the second story. A room in the north wing of the house
was used by Father Baldwin as his dispensary and
schoolroom for his children. No other teaching than
his own was available, but no doubt the children did
not suffer on that account.
Their schooling included also a strict religious
education. Every morning and evening "prayers"
were held, which consisted in a reading from the
Bible, the singing of hymns and a prayer by Father
Baldwin, or some distinguished guest who might be
present. Henry Baldwin, who had a natural aptitude for music, while still very young used to lead
the hymns on the melodeon at morning and evening
prayer.
On this same instrument at so early an age as seven,
he played the hymns at the Seamen's Chapel where
services were held in English by Dr. Sereno E.
18




I




life anb tCaracter


Bishop. Father Baldwin used to preach in Hawaiian
at the old Wainee church at the south end of town
where native Hawaiian congregations assembled
often numbering as many as a thousand souls. Of
the membership of this church were John Ii and
Timateo, who at one time joined the old order with
the new by saluting each other according to the
ancient custom, touching noses in the midst of the
service.
The great feature of the religious and social life
was the "General Meeting" which was held annually
at Honolulu. The party from Lahaina consisted,
among others, of the Baldwin, Alexander, Bishop,
Taylor, and Forbes families. Sturdy Kanakas would
carry the missionaries and their children one by one
through the water to row boats which conveyed them
to the waiting sailing vessel, there to proceed upon
their slow and odorous course to Honolulu (not until 1853 when the little Akamai appeared, were there
any steam driven craft in those waters). The travellers carried their own food and bedding, laying the
latter on deck. Sometimes as many as five dreadful
days would pass before the weary voyagers arrived at
their destination. In Honolulu the Baldwins used
to stay with the Cookes at the Pioneer Mission,
whither they rode on horseback, while their baggage
was carried by hand carts or oxcarts, for horse carriages did not exist in Honolulu during the early
days of the mission. Then, while their elders attended the missionary meetings, the youngsters enjoyed glorious good times.
At Lahaina the children had in the sea the greatest


19








4
U'












life anb Cbaracter


of all playgrounds. Taught by old Kealoha, their
nurse, they all learned to swim like natives. Henry
Baldwin used in fact to say, when still a very small
child, that he believed he could swim best at the bottom. The Lahaina natives were famous swimmers
and many were the tales he used to tell in later life of
their skill in spearing fish while swimming under
water, of exploits with sharks, and of other swimming
feats often performed by the old natives, but quite
unknown in these degenerate days. With such teachers it is not surprising that the Baldwin boys became
expert with the canoe and in the water.
They were not allowed, however, according to the
general understanding among the missionaries, to become too intimate with the native Hawaiians, because of their different standard of morality. The
use of the native language accordingly (as recommended by the "General Meeting") was tabued until
the boys were twelve years old. But for this prohibition no doubt Henry Baldwin would have been,
when he grew to manhood, a more proficient scholar
in the Hawaiian language. Nevertheless he was
able to use it fluently and well, though not sufficiently
so to satisfy himself.
The most intimate friends of the family on Maui
were the Alexanders, who lived nearby at Lahainaluna, where Father Alexander taught the school until
in 1857, to the great regret of the Baldwins, he moved
to Wailuku on the other side of the West Maui
Mountains. With the Alexanders often the merriest
expeditions used to be undertaken to the woods and
mountains. One of their favorite picnic spots was


21








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life anb Craracter
Halealoha in beautiful Koulu Valley, a little house
built by the natives for Mother Baldwin's use when
recovering from a long period of sickness.
On all such expeditions, as on the trips to General
Meeting at Honolulu, Henry Baldwin was said to be
"the life of the party."  We hear of his riding his
horse, "Jolly," into the dining-room to frighten his
sisters, and we also hear that they always came to him
when in trouble. Full of energy in fun as in work,
he was always active. At the same time he was exceedingly conscientious. It is told how at one time a
picnic in one of the mountain valleys was planned,
and Henry was urged to join the party, but declined,
much as he loved such expeditions, because of unfinished work in the garden. He always believed
that what he set his hands to do must be well finished
before undertaking other things. In many such ways
the child was father to the man. Kind, cheerful, and
capable, he was depended upon by others, and, making many friends and holding them fast, he was from
the beginning a natural leader through that rare combination of fun, sympathy, and conscience, for which
he was well known in after life.
It was a very simple, healthy life, that of the early
Hawaiian missionaries. Father Baldwin's salary was
only six hundred dollars a year which, however, was
eked out with a small income possessed by Mother
Baldwin. On this was supported a family of six
children (two had died) besides which many friends
were entertained. Missionaries often visited them
and many captains of whalers spent their time on
shore with the family, sometimes leaving their wives


23








ife anb Ciaratter


while they themselves went on their way to northern
waters. On one such occasion a captain sailed away
leaving his wife behind but neither he nor his ship
was ever heard from again.
A barrel of whale oil furnished light for a year.
The flour brought by the missionary steamer Morning Star came once a year and several times it had
been so wetted in the storms off Cape Horn that it
had hardened and it was necessary to chisel off the
daily measure for cooking. Vegetables, however,
grew in their own garden and there was an abundance of fruit, such as bananas, grapes, and watermelons, and one does not hear that they suffered from
their poverty.
In I856 the health of Father Baldwin, who had
worked thirty-six years without a vacation, failed
and the "American Board" granted him a year's
leave of absence. Accompanied by his wife he left
the Islands for a year's visit in "the states," sailing on
the bark Behring Sea by way of Cape Horn. After
a happy reunion with his daughter, Abigail, a Mount
Holyoke girl, and his son Dwight, a student at Yale
College, and with his old friends and kindred, he returned to the Islands with his wife and daughter by
way of the Isthmus of Panama, improved in health
though in place of rest he had spent much of his time
preaching in various pulpits.
While the parents and older children were in the
United States, the boys Charles and Henry began
their career at the boarding school at Punahou near
Honolulu, then under the charge of Dr. Edward
Beckwith. For him Henry Baldwin formed imme24








Life anb tCararter


diately a very great affection, which continued until
this good man's death in I909.
With him the boys spent some hard as well as
pleasant days. Of the former kind were those during
vacation time, when the boys were set by Mr.
Spooner, the business manager of the school, to do
man's work in the dairy and the field.
The great trial of the new scholars in those days,
as for many years after, was the ceremony of "ducking" in the pond. It was a tradition that every new
boy must be ducked, but Henry Baldwin, who began
early to practice boxing with Samuel Alexander,
Samuel Armstrong (afterwards General Armstrong
of Hampton Institute) and others, put his back to the
wall and invited the big boys of the school to "come
on." He was not ducked.
His favorite recreation while at Punahou was to
search the Oahu Mountains and valleys for land
shells and ferns to add to his collection. On nearly
every Saturday and holiday the boys would be off to
the woods. Sometimes they scaled apparently impossible precipices. Often night would catch them
still among the crags where, wet and hungry, they
would make what shift they could until morning, returning then to mild scoldings by good Dr. Beckwith.
Immediately after completing his course at Punahou, Mr. Baldwin began his life as a planter by undertaking to manage William D. Alexander's rice
plantation near the school. This was a complete
failure, and thereafter his business activities were
confined to the raising of sugar, in which, as will appear, he was more successful.


25




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life anb Ctaracter


In 1863, when twenty-one years old, he began to
work for his brother Dwight, who was planting
sugar-cane at Lahaina and selling his product to
Messrs. Campbell and Turton. It was his intention
to earn enough money to finance the completion of
his education at Williams College, and afterwards to
take a course in a medical college. This ambition
was never gratified, for once started at work, he
stayed at it as long as he lived. Nevertheless he always keenly regretted his lack of a college education,
notwithstanding that, possessed of an alert mind and
a keen observation and helped by an extensive course
of reading, he acquired a greater store of knowledge
and culture than that of the majority of college men.
Not long after beginning work at Lahaina, he was
persuaded by Samuel Alexander, manager of the
Waihee plantation on the northeast side of the West
Maui Mountains to take a position under him as
head luna.
Many were the thrilling tales which he afterwards
used to tell of those old days at Waihee. Among its
laborers was a part of the first importation of Chinese
to the Islands, which, as usually happened with the
successive immigrations of various nationalities,
turned out to be the worst. They were in fact a band
of pirates and cutthroats, and it required a man of
steady nerve and courage to hold his own among
them. Mr. Baldwin alone among the lunas carried
no weapons, and it was perhaps due to this fact and
his ready courage and his ability to sympathize and
"get on" with the working people, that he came
through the ordeal unscathed. He did, however,


27








life anb Cbaracter


carry a scar left by a stone thrown while quelling one
of their riots.
The arguments of Christopher H. Lewers, owner
of Waihee, had much to do with Mr. Baldwin's decision to abandon his plan of going to the states to
study medicine. The young man was too promising
and too much needed by the plantation to be readily
given up. One can not but think at this day how
great a difference it might have made with the Island
of Maui if Mr. Baldwin, who was more responsible
than any other for the making of its barren and almost desert districts into a prosperous, fruitful, and
well inhabited country, had followed his inclination
and become a physician instead of a business man 
In 1867 for the first time, he left the Islands to see
something of the world, accompanied by his friend,
Rexford Hitchcock. A diary kept of this trip is still
preserved. It tells of an excursion to the Dalles of
the Columbia, and a very difficult expedition to the
Calaveras big trees, accomplished on foot through
the deep snow and mountain torrents after stage and
saddle horses failed. One finds manifested in this
diary many of the characteristics which we associate
with his later life, such as his intense love of travel
and of mountain scenery, his love for music, and his
sincere devotion to religion.
While in California on this trip he met his early
friend and schoolmate, Miss Emily Whitney Alexander, who was in the States, visiting her brother
James Alexander at San Leandro, California, and
later her aunts Jane Graydon in Indianapolis and
28












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ifte anb Character


Anne Gass in Gallatin, Tennessee, and other relatives
in different places.
Later, upon his return to the Islands, they became
engaged to marry, the betrothal taking place in the
beautiful Valley of Iao. The wedding was solemnized at Wailuku on April 5, I870. Their first
home was at Sunnyside (now the parsonage of the
Makawao Foreign Protestant Church), where in
the neighboring district of Paia, Mr. Samuel Alexander and Mr. Baldwin under the name of Alexander and- Baldwin, had started a sugar plantation.
From that time, Central Maui was Mr. Baldwin's
home and the place of his principal activities.
Hard work and worry were his lot during those
first years at Sunnyside. He was obliged to borrow
in Honolulu the money (about nine hundred dollars)
which it was necessary for him to contribute to the
partnership, Mr. Alexander giving the larger share.
Even so small a debt as this was then a very serious
matter. The plantation was not irrigated and put
all its dependence upon the chance of rain. Desolating droughts followed. With a small mill of a
daily capacity of only three tons (its present capacity
is two hundred tons) and with many adverse natural
conditions, it is no wonder that the future sometimes
looked to the young partners very dark indeed. It
is told that at one time Mr. Baldwin in despair
dismounted from his horse and prayed, promising
that if God would send the rain which would save
the plantation, he would thenceforth give a part of
all he earned to His purposes. That very night


3n








lift anb Ctaracter


came the rain, sealing the covenant which was always
scrupulously kept.
On October Sth, 1874, Father Baldwin wrote to
him:
You seem to keep up good courage about the plantation, but
I think if you have one or two poor years your agents will
own the whole. I have been easy about what you owe me.
But as far as you find it convenient to pay up, it may enable
me to help you the more hereafter should worse times come.
Mr. Baldwin worked very hard and indeed must
have earned his salary of one hundred dollars a
month, for at one and the same time he was manager,
sugar-boiler, engineer, and bookkeeper. Mrs. Baldwin used often to help him with the bookkeeping in
the evenings when he was too exhausted to "figure"
after his heavy work all day in the fields.
Often it was hard for the family to make ends meet.
Nevertheless there existed a spirit of hospitality in
those days that poverty could not suppress, a spirit
sometimes mistaken for extravagance. And so it
happened that upon the visit of an old missionary
friend to Sunnyside, for whom chickens were killed
and the best that could be had provided, the young
couple was taken sharply to task by their guest for
their lavish living.
With the enactment of the first reciprocity treaty
with the United States in 1876 the anxious partners
were cheered by new hope. Mr. Baldwin's letters
at this time were full of the negotiations which led up
to the passage of this treaty, showing that even then
he was consulted by the leaders and was active in
public affairs.


31








life anb Cbaracter


On March 8, 1875, his father wrote him:
Rain, health, reciprocity and God's blessing will get you out
of debt.
And so they did-with the help of the Hamakua
ditch.
Before the better times came, however, and while
this ditch project was under discussion, Mr. Baldwin
met with an accident which nearly cost him his life.
This occurred on March 28, 1876. Let me here
quote Mr. W. H. Wilkinson who was engineer of the
mill at that time:
The day the accident happened he was standing there
throwing the cane back a long while. We were going to
boil off that day. He came into the mill and said to me,
"We have got to set that mill up more, there is too much
waste." One side ground fairly well but the other side
was a little more open so it did not crush the cane properly.
I said, "Mr. Baldwin, we haven't got iron of the right thickness. If we put a sheet on this side it will be closer than
the other side."  He said, "Well, I will go up to dinner
and when I come back we will take a look at it. Have the
boys clean up the mill." At the time we were clearing up
the ground of the last pieces of cane as it was the last of the
day's run. This was just before the noon hour. He rode
away and I told the boys to go to dinner but kept the boys
that fed the mill to clean it up. I went out and helped them.
We poured cream of lime on the rollers so as to keep them
sweet. This when it dried was like whitewash. I went out
and was looking at the rollers and being white I could see
that they were nearly the same at both ends and I satisfied
myself that we didn't have proper iron to set them up even.
Mr. Baldwin came up behind me on his horse and said,
"Well, what do you think of it?"  I said, "Well, Mr. Baldwin, I think just as I told you. We haven't any iron thin
enough to make it even." He and I were the only ones there.


32








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life anb C(aracter


Charlie Baldwin was down at the boilers. Mr. Baldwin repeated, "That is wider than you think for on that side."
Then he rode off to hitch his horse and walked back up.
While he was hitching his horse I walked around to the other
side of the mill between it and the house. That was the side
that was widest open.
Mr. Baldwin came up and stepped up on the plank where
the man stood when he fed the mill. He was whittling a
piece of shingle with which he was evidently going to prove
his point, but he dropped it, changing his mind, and showed
me by slipping his fingers in between the rollers where it was
widest. It just touched the knuckles. The mill was going
pretty fast. He reached over and slipped his hand in the
place where the rollers were closest together. The rollers
(which weighed about three tons) caught his finger and I
knew that a pair of cattle could not pull him out and I ran
into the door of the engine room which was some feet mauka
of the rollers and around the engine intending to throw it
out of gear.
In this moment of dreadful peril Mr. Baldwin retained his presence of mind. He called to Mr. Wilkinson to reverse the engine at once. To do this with
the old fashioned engine (which may still be seen in
the mud press of the Paia mill) it was necessary to
push up the eccentric rod, insert a pin in the hole in
the crank, and start the engine the opposite way.
This complicated process Mr. Wilkinson was able to
accomplish only just in time to save Mr. Baldwin's
life. His narrative proceeds:
As soon as I got it stopped I had full control of it and I
backed very slowly until I thought he was out, and I called
out to him, "Are you all right?" He did not answer. I
repeated the question several times but got no answer. If I
had connected her she would have gone ahead and I couldn't
disconnect her, so I called to Charlie to shut off the steam.


34








Life anb (Caracter


He saw something was wrong and went and shut off. Then
I connected the engine and went out to see how Mr. Baldwin was and met him walking into the engine house. He
was as white as a sheet. I set a chair for him to sit down
and he reached around with his other hand and got out his
keys and told me to send a man up to the office at Sunnyside
and get a bottle of brandy. I told him I had some at my
house and I went up and got it, my wife returning with me.
I gave him some. I was very much afraid he would faint
but he did not. He was in his shirt sleeves. The mill had
stripped all the flesh from his hand and his arm to some distance above the elbow. The arteries were not severed and
there was very little bleeding. After he had sat a while my
wife and I supported him and got him over to my house
which was just across the road, and he lay down on the bed.
I went back to the mill and wrote a letter to Drs. Enders
or Moffatt or both, and sent a man with it to Wailuku
(ten miles away). I explained in my note that they should
come prepared to take the arm off. I put a bullock driver
on Mr. Baldwin's horse and told him to ride as fast as he
could, but to come back slowly. He did not obey me but
went fast both ways and so injured the horse that he died
soon after. The man spurred the horse and made him crazy
so that he did not get to Wailuku as soon as he would otherwise. Dr. Moffatt saw him coming and feared something
was wrong and met him at the gate and his horse being ready
there was no more delay. He came up very quickly, and
that afternoon performed the operation (amputation of the
arm between the elbow and the shoulder).
As soon as the man was started for the doctor I wrote to
Mr. S. T. Alexander at Haiku. He came over at once and
brought Mrs. Dickey to stay with Mrs. Baldwin.
This occurred about a week before the birth of the
author of this memoir. Under such circumstances,
Mrs. Dickey hesitated to tell Mrs. Baldwin of the
accident, but the latter, suspecting some untoward


35




i
C. C..,;,




life anb Cbaracter


event, drew from her late in the evening an account
of what had happened. Early next morning, she
mounted a horse and rode down to her husband's bedside at Paliuli, a half mile away. Later, when
Father and Mother Alexander arrived, she was taken
in their buggy daily back and forth between Sunnyside and Paliuli, while Messrs. Samuel and Henry
Alexander and Charles Dickey took turns with Mr.
Baldwin at night.
In about two weeks' time he was sufficiently strong
to return to Sunnyside. Almost immediately he began to readjust his plan of life to the loss of his arm.
He practised writing with his left hand. He planned
a cabinet organ with a pedal bass, and ordered one
both for his own use and for the Church at Makawao,
where he had been accustomed to play hymns for the
services conducted by Father Green. This duty he
continued to perform with his one hand for many
years thereafter, and so faithful was he in its performance that on at least two very rainy occasions the
preacher and his organist constituted the entire congregation. Nevertheless Father Green went through
the service precisely as though the usual company
had been present.
As early as the sixteenth of April, that is, less than
three weeks after the accident, his sister, Mrs. S. M.
Damon, wrote of having received a letter from him a
day or two before, which must thus have been written
within two weeks of the accident. Five weeks later,
on the twenty-third of May, his sister, Mrs. Atwater,
wrote that he must not write so many letters. She
mentioned also that she was glad that Mrs. Baldwin
36








life anb Cbarattr


and the baby were going up to Samuel Alexander's
mountain house, Olinda, which must have been very
recently built.
Letters received that spring, and some of them
still preserved, evidence the affection and respect
which Mr. Baldwin had already won for himself
throughout the group. Among others Sanford B.
Dole, afterwards president of the Hawaiian Republic and first governor of the Territory, wrote, addressing him as "Dear old Friend:"
Your conduct at the time of the accident and afterwards
seems to me wonderfully brave and heroic and I congratulate you on it. Such a spirit, I am sure robs the affairs of
much of its suffering, both with yourself and your friends.
On April 26, 1876, Father Baldwin wrote from
Lahaina, having just arrived from Honolulu, as follows:
Oh, how glad I would be to keep on to your home and
look in on you and your dear little group and mingle our tears
together over the sad affliction which God has appointed to
us - nor would we forget to lift up the voice of thanksgiving
and praise to our Heavenly father for so signally interposing
at the last extremity and saving your life. You will never
forget that last instant of peril. Oh, how clear is the goodness of God in this case to you and to us all. What shall
we render to him for such mercy?
A letter from Father Baldwin dated the twentyeighth of April mentioned having heard that Henry
was about on horseback. In fact, with his accustomed
energy he had plunged again into work, much sooner
probably than was wise.
When approaching the mill again for the first time
after the accident he is reported to have apostro

37








Life anb QCaracter


phized it in words which he later made good, as
follows:
You have handicapped me for life. Now I am going to
make you support me.
We must return, however, to the building of the
Hamakua Ditch. This project, the pioneer operation of its kind in the Islands, had been for some
time in the minds of Mr. Alexander and Mr. Baldwin. The rain in the Islands is carried by the northeast trade winds and falls on the windward slopes of
the mountains, which are too rough for cultivation,
being cut by large gorges down which the water runs
back to the sea without benefiting man other than by
decorating for him one of the loveliest districts in the
world. The plantations were situated on the level
tracts of land farther to the southeast, upon which
very little rain fell and where in consequence vegetation did not thrive. With that constructive imagination fundamental in successful captains of industry,
the partners conceived the idea of carrying this water
through tunnel and ditch from the gorges of East
Maui to the potentially fertile but dry lands of Central Maui. Accordingly they commenced negotiations with the government and obtained from it a
lease dated September 30, 1876, by which they were
authorized to build an aqueduct to carry certain water
to the desired territory, but upon condition that the
ditch should be completed by September 30, 1878.
This lease ran in favor of the Haiku Sugar Company (situated to the northeast of Paia and managed
by Mr. Alexander), Alexander and Baldwin, copartners, James Alexander and T. H. Hobron (pri38




I




JUL




Llr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




I




life anb Cb aracter


vate sugar planters), all of whom on November 2,
1876 organized the Hamakua Ditch Company.
The old Haiku plantation record contains the following entry for August 24, 1876:
Mr. A. said that he had had Mr. J. M. Alexander to survey most of the distance, and that according to their views
the undertaking was feasible. The estimate for the cost of
the ditch was not over $25,000 according to his own ideas.
He hoped to be able to bring the water into their fields as
early as May 1877, if the grant and water privileges could
be obtained from the government.
As it turned out, Mr. Alexander was unduly optimistic, both as to the time for finishing the project
and in his estimate of the amount of money which
would be needed. In fact, the cost of the ditch was
about eighty thousand dollars; and to obtain this sum
proved very difficult. It was a new kind of enterprise not then proven successful, and business men
timidly shook their heads when it was proposed that
they should assist with their capital. In the end
Castle and Cooke, agents for the plantations concerned, were persuaded to advance the necessary
money, and the work was commenced. Mr. Baldwin
then threw himself into the task with his accustomed
energy, notwithstanding that he was still so little recovered from his almost fatal accident that during
those days in the "ditch country" he was often obliged
to ride away into the woods by himself, dismount
from his horse and, unseen by the laborers, lie down
until rested sufficiently to proceed.
When the ditch builders came to the last great obstacle, the deep gorge of Maliko, it became necessary
in connection with the laying of the pipe down and
40








life anb Cbaracter


up the sides of the precipices there encountered, for
the workmen to lower themselves over the cliffs by
rope, hand over hand. This at first they absolutely
refused to do. The crisis was serious. Mr. Baldwin
met it by himself sliding down the rope, using his
legs and his one arm, with which he alternately
gripped and released the rope to take a fresh hold
lower down. This was done before his injured arm
had healed and with a straight fall of two hundred
feet to the rocks below   The workmen were so
shamed by this exhibition of courage on the part of
their one armed manager, that they did not hesitate
to follow him down the rope. To keep the heart in
them and to watch the progress of the work, Mr.
Baldwin day after day went through this dangerous
performance.
Before the ditch was completed a new danger appeared. Claus Spreckels, who exerted a great influence over King Kalakaua, obtained on July 8, 1878,
a lease of the waters, including those in the section to
be traversed by the Hamakua Ditch,
That are not utilized on or before the date of these presents -
provided that such grant shall not interfere with prior or
vested rights of other parties in and to water of said streams
or on government lands.
This lease made it absolutely essential that the work
be completed within the time limit, namely, September 30, 1878, otherwise the water would go to Mr.
Spreckels. Unfortunately on July 9, 1878, Samuel
Alexander left on a trip to Europe with his brother
William, probably not being aware of the lease to Mr.
Spreckels, and it was left to Mr. Baldwin, without


41




I




life anb Charatter


the help of his partner and without assistance from
any trained engineer, to carry the task to completion
before his rights should be forfeited.
Mr. Langford, who superintended the work, was,
in fact, a carpenter by trade and consulted with Mr.
Baldwin about all details, while the overseers (selected from a band of shipwrecked sailors) and the laborers were quite inexperienced in the kind of work
required.
At last, as the result of untiring effort, the work
was finished, only just in time, but soon enough to
give the lie to the dismal prophets who declared that
the enterprise must fail and that Spreckels would get
the water which Baldwin and Alexander had worked
so hard to obtain.
It was a great day on Maui when the water came
through the Maliko pipe on the southwestern side of
the gulch. When word was brought that the time
had come Father Baldwin left Sunnyside for the
scene of operations on horseback. Mrs. Baldwin,
however, could not endure to be left behind and, securing another horse, followed, using a punuku
(noose about the horse's nose) since no bridle was
available. She arrived unfortunately just too late to
see the water come through the pipes.
This event was extremely puzzling to the natives,
who had prophesied freely that not Kamuela (Samuel Alexander), Paluina (Mr. Baldwin), nor any one
else could make water flow through a pipe uphill, the
principle of the inverted siphon not having at that
time penetrated the native mind.
The following excerpts are taken from an account


42




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life anb Character


of the ditch by F. L. Clarke published in Thrum's
Annual for 1878:
The line, some seventeen miles in extent, with the exception of a few miles near the plantation, passes through the
dense forest that covers the side of the mountain, and in running the levels for the work many large ravines and innumerable small valleys and gulches were encountered. In the
smaller of these the ditch winds its way, with here and there
a flume striding the hollow, while through nine of the larger
the water is carried in pipes twenty-six inches in diameter.
The digging of the ditch was a work of no small magnitude. A large gang of men, sometimes numbering two hundred, was employed in the work, and the providing of food,
shelter, tools, etc., was equal to the care of a regiment of
soldiers on the march. As the grade of the ditch gradually
carried the work high up into the woods, cart-roads had to
be surveyed and cut from the main road to the shifting
camps. All the heavy timbers for flumes, etc., were painfully
dragged up hill and down, and in and out of deep gulches,
severely taxing the energies and strength of man and beast,
while the ever-recurring question of a satisfactory food supply
created a demand for everything eatable to be obtained from
the natives within ten miles, besides large supplies drawn
from Honolulu and abroad.
At the head of the work many difficult ledges of rock
were encountered, and blasting and tunneling were resorted
to, to reach the coveted water. While work on the ditch
was thus progressing, pipe makers from San Francisco were
busied riveting together the broad sheets of iron to make the
huge lengths of tube fitted to cross the deep ravines. These
lengths had each to be immersed in a bath of pitch and tar
which coated them inside and out, preserving the iron from
rust, and effectually stopping all minute leaks. The lengths
thus prepared being placed in position in the bottom of the
ravines, the upright lengths were fitted to each other (like
lengths of stove-pipe) with the greatest care, and clamped
firmly to the rocky sides of the cliffs. Their perpendicular


44








life anb QCtaracter


length varies from 90 feet to 450 feet; the greatest being the
pipe that carries the water down into, across, and out of
Maliko gulch to the Baldwin and Alexander Plantations.
At this point every one engaged on the work toiled at the
risk of his life; for the sides of the ravines are almost perpendicular, and a "bed" had to be constructed down these
sides. Then each length of pipe was lowered into the ravine
and placed carefully in position; after which the perpendicular lengths were built up to the brink.
The whole work cannot yet be said to be completed, for
although the water supply was introduced to Haiku's fields
July 4th, I877, within a year from its inception, it is the aim
of its projectors to continue on the work till it reaches the
Nailiilihaele gulch, thus taking in six principal streams for
their supply, as per grant from government, viz: Honapau,
Holawa, Huelo, Hoalua, Kailua and Nailiilihaele. The ditch
is now as far as Hoalua gulch, and will be continued during
the winter as the weather will permit.
After the construction of the ditch the plantation
had in irrigation a weapon which though not always
effective against drought, was sufficiently so to enable
it to go steadily ahead, while the improved prices for
sugar under reciprocity also helped the situation, and
in time the old hard times were almost forgotten in
the days of plenty and prosperity that followed.
The building of this ditch was an event of the utmost significance, not only to the Island of Maui but
to the whole group. In all of the Islands similar
conditions existed, which the progressive planters began to meet in the way which had been shown by
Alexander and Baldwin on Maui.           The results on
that Island have been impressive. The Spreckels,
Lowrie, Koolau and other ditches have followed the
Hamakua ditch, and Central Maui, which was once


45








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Life anb Cbarater
a bare waste, is now one of the most productive spots
on the globe, supporting a prosperous population
where formerly little existed besides the razorback
hog, the prickly pear, and wild indigo.
During the six years following the building of the
ditch the family lived very happily at the Sunnyside
home. How many are the delightful memories
which the Baldwin children cherish of those Sunnyside days! Of Fannie, the goat (a male goat, by the
way), of games of local invention such as "Mr. Bixby's game" and "Mule," in which Mr. Baldwin used
to join occasionally upon his return from work, of
the abundant harvests of figs and mulberries, of swimming in the plantation reservoir, of trips to Olinda
and many others.
In 1882 an auction was held at which most of the
Sunnyside furniture was disposed of, and Mr. and
Mrs. Baldwin, accompanied by the children and
Cho, Japanese nurse for the baby (Fred), left for
San Francisco on the little schooner Anna, Captain
McCullough in command, making the voyage from
Kahului to the coast in nineteen eventful days. It
was a very jolly party, as always happened when
"Uncle Charlie Dickey" was present, and to the children no voyage of such surpassing interest has ever
been made before or since. Nor did ever explorer
behold a more entrancing sight than did they when
they awoke one morning to find the Anna anchored
in the Bay of San Francisco with its ferryboats, tugs,
sailing ships, steamers, and its cities perched high on
the surrounding hills.
A house was rented on Vallejo Street in San Fran47








lift anb Cbaratter


cisco and all the children except Frank, aged four,
and Fred, aged only a very little, attended the Jackson Street School. Harry Baldwin's eighteen-dollar
suit, adventures and fights with Tom Canty, the
drunkard's son, excursions with Mrs. Baldwin to
Woodword's Gardens (now Golden Gate Park), the
Cliff House, and the Presidio, the "snow storm" of
1882 which more nearly resembled a snow storm than
anything San Francisco had seen for many years,
these are all matters of which pleasant memories will
long remain.
Mr. Baldwin shortly after arriving in San Francisco, left with his friend, William H. Bailey, for a
trip to Louisiana and elsewhere in the South and then
returned to Maui whence he came back in I883 to
bring the family home on the old steamer Suez.
Shortly after the return of the family to Sunnyside, he accepted the management of the Haiku plantation in place of Mr. Samuel Alexander, who had
resigned on account of ill health and had moved to
California. Mr. E. M. Walsh was made manager
of the Paia plantation in place of Mr. Baldwin.
In the meantime Mr. Baldwin had become financially interested in the Haiku as well as the Paia
plantation. It is interesting now to note in the old
records of the former that in 1877 Mr. Alexander
discussed with its board a plan "for the new mill to
be constructed on the west side of Maliko Gulch"
(the Hamakuapoko mill). Later in 1877 it was decided to offer the plantation to Spreckels at the bottom price of five hundred thousand dollars (a deal
that fortunately was never consummated). In i88i
48




















ife anbt Ctaracter
Mr. Baldwin bought his first fifty shares of its stock
and was shortly afterwards elected its vice-president.
More of the family memories and history are connected with the beautiful old home at Haiku than
even at Sunnyside, its earliest home, or Maluhia, its
latest.
Mr. Baldwin, however, was almost too active a
man to enjoy his home, working as he did with the
most intense energy, being in the saddle at four or
five in the morning and often riding twenty or twenty-five miles before breakfast, after which he would
be off again for the rest of the day.
And yet we remember how of an evening he would
send for a group of music lovers with their various
instruments and among them would come limping in
old Schneider, the tanner, with his violin. Then,
himself playing his reed organ (using his feet for the
bass parts), they would enjoy a feast of music which
no doubt drove black care over the hills and far away.
On the Sabbath also did all thought of plantations,
business, debt, and care take flight from the household. On that day, strictly observed though it was,
the family came closer together. The father had
then time to manifest the love and affection for his
children, which throughout his life was one of his
leading motives, and what a rock of comfort and
strength he was!
Sunday morning began with prayer, followed after
breakfast by study of the coming Sunday School lesson with Mrs. Baldwin, a short interval while horses
and carriages were being got ready, after which the
children usually on horseback and the elders by car

50








4ife anb Cbaracter


riage (which it was a great honor to the youngsters
to be permitted to drive), all would go some five
miles to the old Makawao church where the countryside met, exchanged gossip, and worshiped together.
Homeward bound, how the boys enjoyed to fly their
ponies over the ditch at Kaluanui and what excitement when driving to pass, if one could, the Dickey's
buggy drawn by the fleet footed Hector, a Young
Venture colt! In fact the question of the superiority
of Hector to the Baldwins' Dick, Katy C., and Black
Bess has not been to this day settled to the satisfaction
of both families.
Sunday afternoons the neighbors, the Dickeys and
the Beckwiths, with their guests would usually gather
in one house or the other for a "sing" and bad little
boys who didn't want to take part found it generally
expedient to attend.
Those were the Sundays of pleasant memories.
But Monday came around in Haiku as inevitably as
it does elsewhere. Then the children would go back
to the little private school in the Haiku grounds, and
their father from early morning until nightfall to his
work on the plantation.
The Haiku Sugar Company was then heavily in
debt to its agents, Castle and Cooke. The land on
the windward side of Maliko Gulch was becoming
exhausted. A great fire destroyed the "Trash House"
at Haiku. Notwithstanding these and other troubles, in a very few years Mr. Baldwin had the plantation out of debt and for the first time since its start in
i858, paying dividends, an achievement which im

51








life anb CEaracter


mediately placed him in the first rank of Hawaiian
plantation managers.
These results were achieved partly through the
manager's never failing energy and partly by his
sagacity in abandoning the old Haiku mill (built in
i86i) and substituting in its place and in place of
the Haiku lands the mill and lands at Hamakuapoko.
With increasing prosperity, more and more lands, including that of the neighboring plantations, were
taken over and the theatre of operations moved steadily southward away from Haiku.
The old mill at Haiku became in time a picturesque ruin and the Haiku cane-fields grazing land
and a wonderful playground for the Baldwin children, who found frequent occasion to lasso the harmless horses and cattle pastured there. Sometimes, be
it said with shame, when their father was far away,
they would ride to the remote districts of Mahuwa
and Kuiaha and rope and unrope the unhappy steers
without even the pretense of an excuse (a crime now
first openly confessed).
The cattle and horse ranch, however, though to the
boys the most important part of the plantation, was
one of its least significant features to Mr. Baldwin,
who concentrated his attention upon the mill and the
cane-fields, not worrying much about what befell in
Haiku when his back was turned. While the children played, he worked with hardly a respite until
in 1887 he went on a well-earned vacation trip with
his brother-in-law, Samuel M. Damon, to England
where he saw the Queen's Jubilee.
During the active and prosperous years which fol

52




I




ift anb Cbaratter


lowed, he began more and more to engage in public
affairs. In those days the government of the kingdom had fallen upon evil days and "the wicked flourished like a green bay tree." The better elements
were compelled to take action. Mr. Baldwin, whose
inclinations were against public life, joined the movement with great reluctance and solely from a sense of
duty, but once in the fight for clean politics, he was
never again out of it. The steps which led him to
take part are told as follows by his old friend, Mr.
W. R. Castle:
It was resolved to make a strong fight for the election of
honest and progressive members of the Legislature for the
session opening in April, 1886, and in the latter part of the
year I885 I was sent to look over the field and confer with
different influential people on the Islands about the prospects, and what sort of assistance could be expected. On
Maui I was asked more particularly to see Mr. Baldwin
and went out at once to Paia. He was living at that time
in the old Haiku Plantation house. When he was ready
to go home to dinner, we started for Haiku. The conversation on the road was memorable. We talked first of old
days, then of business matters, changes in Honolulu, the
conduct of Kalakaua since he had been made King, and
various other matters of like nature. I was extremely interested in Mr. Baldwin's cautious view of public questions then
pending. He did not state definitely just what his attitude
would be on the proposed progressive or reform campaign,
but tried to inform himself as to the opinions of business
men in Honolulu, who had become stirred up by the condition of things to the point when they had determined to make
a move. It was evident that he felt that there had been too
much apathy on political matters. At the same time he stated
plainly that he was averse to adopting measures which would
have a tendency to destroy the Hawaiian Monarchy, but appeared to be entirely satisfied with the attitude of business


53




I




: i~ ~ ~   ~   ~~:: i~~~~~~~~~~i:                                   i- - i-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I~ I ~~..








I




life anb Character


people in Honolulu, which was thoroughly loyal to the existing government but determined that the unscrupulous ambition of the King should be curbed, and that the government must be carried on honestly, economically and in the
interest of the governed, and not for the supposed amusement
of Kalakaua. He expressed himself as in sympathy with that
attitude and with those opinions but seemed unwilling to add
to his other very heavy cares, the responsibility of a campaign
on Maui. There is no question but that he held very progressive, vigorous and decided views on public questions and
was averse to the adoption of any measure which would tend
to overthrow the historic Hawaiian Monarchy. We agreed
on those points and, after some further interviews with others,
I returned to Honolulu.
The King was triumphant in that Election and the Legislature showed only nine Reform members, the rest, outside
of the House of Nobles, being all candidates pledged to support David Kalakaua in any measure that he might wish to
have introduced. From letters written by Mr. Baldwin to
members of the Legislature and comments by himself when
in town, it is evident that he took a very strong interest in
what was going on, though he still persisted in refusing to
take any public position.
The prorogation of this Legislature was followed by the
organization of what was known as the "Hawaiian League."
It was called revolutionary, but an organization to procure,
if possible, and insist upon government by constitutional
means, can hardly be called revolutionary. There was a very
strong element in the league determined to bring about annexation to the United States, but prior to the mass meeting which finally resulted in a revolution, by which Kalakaua
was compelled to give a new and more liberal constitution,
this annexation element, after a long and very bitter discussion, was defeated and the Hawaiians, meaning thereby those
of Hawaiian birth, parentage and affiliation, procured a
promise on the part of the league that its attempts would
be confined to a reformed Hawaiian government, under suf

55








Life anb Character


ficient guaranties to insure responsible and safe government.
The promulgation of the Constitution of 1887, was followed immediately by an election in which Mr. Baldwin
consented to stand for election as a representative of the Reform Party, and he then became a member of the first Reform Legislature, which had two sessions, the special session
of 1887 and the regular session of I888.
Those were very troublous times. Race feeling engendered by the Revolution of 1887 was very bitter.
The king and his partisans attempted to pass such
bills as those providing for opium licenses and the removal of restrictions on the sale of liquor to Hawaiians, measures which were opposed by the members
of the Reform Party, including among their numbers
some of the best men of the kingdom.
Mr. Baldwin served in that session and almost continuously thereafter on the Foreign Relations Committee, a very important body. In subsequent sessions he served on the Finance Committee and on
numerous special committees. In connection with
his work on the Foreign Relations Committee,
during this session of 1887 he brought in a minority
report severely condemning the participants in the
notorious London Loan affair, which was authorized
by the corrupt Legislature of I886. Among other
activities he introduced a bill making it unlawful to
sell liquor at retail outside of Honolulu. Though
passed, this bill was vetoed by the king.
Says Mr. W. R. Castle:
His ability, really amounting to genius, in financial matters
was felt in measures, suggested by his committee, which became law. Mr. Baldwin also introduced a measure with
regard to the age for compulsory education providing that
56








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only pupils over thirteen years of age, who could pass certain
examinations, should be allowed to engage in manual labor.
While this bill was defeated at that time, it was wise and
just and has since been recognized and incorporated in the
laws of the country and regulations of the Board of Education.
From   1887 to 1903, he was continuously a member
of the upper house of the Legislature, known as the
House of Nobles under the Monarchy, and the Senate under the Republic and the territorial form of
government. During this period he commanded to
an unusual degree the confidence of the natives. Notwithstanding the bad feeling which often prevailed,
he was only once defeated in his campaigns for reelection. Throughout his service in the Legislature
he rendered invaluable service as a great reconciler
of the various factions. No one was a better or more
sincere friend to the Hawaiians, a fact which they
themselves always recognized.     Fortunate it was that
the man whom they so trusted should have been of
sterling  Christian   character, wise    and  of great
breadth of view and sympathy.
An indication of the sort of thing that had to be
met in those legislatures may be gathered from the
following petitions on the burning question of leprosy treatment presented to the Legislature in i889:
I. That the present board of health be removed.
2. That a board be appointed that will show more kindness in the way of doing business.
3. That persons who profess to be able to cure leprosy be
allowed the opportunity to do so.
4. That people be prohibited from taking crabs, etc., from
the reef opposite the leper settlement.


57




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life anb Cbaracter


5. That Dr. Emerson be prohibited from the practice of
medicine in the Kingdom.
Also the following:
I. That the taking of lepers to Kalawao be discontinued.
2. That all lepers be allowed to return to their homes.
3. That the board of health be disbanded.
4. That everybody be allowed to doctor the lepers.
The universal testimony is that his rare combination of tact and firmness did excellent work during
this period, in holding in check his more radical and
often ignorant colleagues. This was of vital importance in defeating the opium and lottery rings and
all the intrigues engaged in by the unscrupulous adventurers of those days.
At the time of the Wilcox Revolution in 1889, and
of the attempt of the king in 1890 to assemble a convention with a view to restoring some of the royal
prerogatives of the old constitution, M'r. Baldwin,
according to Dr. William D. Alexander, was a great
"moderating influence and balance wheel" and helped
materially in the defeat of this dangerous project.
No doubt if there had been many more like him engaged in public affairs, there would have been less
talk of missionary and anti-missionary, of haole and
anti-haole.
The session of 1891 was an exceedingly stormy one.
The recently organized National Reform Party,
which was earnestly opposed to reform, swept the
boards clean on every Island except Maui and Kauai.
On Maui Mr. Baldwin and C. H. Dickey were the
only Reform (opposed to the National Reform Party) candidates elected. When the Legislature assem58




I




life anb Cbaracter


bled, Thurston, minister of the interior, accused his
colleague C. W. Ashford, the attorney general, of
conspiring with V. V. Ashford and "Bob" Wilcox to
organize an insurrection for the purpose of restoring
the king to his former power. The majority of the
Committee on Foreign Affairs retorted by charging
ministers Austin, Thurston, and Damon (all of the
Reform Party) with endeavoring through the proposed Treaty of I889 to lay the foundations for annexation of the Islands to the United States. The reform ministry was then voted out of office. Mr.
Baldwin brought in a minority report for the Foreign Affairs Committee which was thus characterized by the Hawaiian Gazette of that time:
The minority report of the Foreign Affairs Committee
presented by Noble Baldwin, the full text of which has been
published in these columns, is in many ways one of the most
notable reports which has been presented to the Legislature.
The situation was a peculiar one. The majority report was
a violent partizan document, not merely abusive in its terms,
but actually unparliamentary in its language. Under these
circumstances it would have been no wonder if the minority
report had shown something of the same want of temper
and measure. But nothing of these qualities is visible in this
report, which is conspicuous by its moderation, fairness, and
candor. The report amounts, indeed, to a complete vindication of the foreign policy of the late ministry, but it is so,
not through any ingenious or elaborate argumentation, but
because it is a calm, complete objective statement of the facts.
To return now to business matters: it is interesting
to recall that about this time Mr. Claus Spreckels
tried urgently to induce Mr. Baldwin to approve of
the consolidation of the Haiku, Paia, and Hawaiian
Commercial plantations (the last being controlled by
59








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Mr. Spreckels). Mr. Baldwin was to be made manager of the immense plantation which would result
from the combination, and was almost persuaded.
No doubt he was always glad that he finally declined
the proposition.
In the summer of I889 he went with his wife and
three oldest children, with members of the families
of Messrs. S. T. Alexander and J. B. Atherton, to
England and continental Europe.
While in Scotland he met Messrs. W. R. Watson
and E. M. Walsh and arranged with them for an assignment of a lease held by them on a part of the Gay
and Robinson lands on Kauai to a new plantation incorporated on October 30, 1889 as the Hawaiian
Sugar Company.
A few years after this event and before the necessary preliminary improvements had been made, or all
the money therefor called in from the stockholders,
the McKinley Tariff Bill was passed by the United
States Congress, putting sugar on the free list, and
thus nullifying to the islands the advantages of the
reciprocity treaty. The era of rather extravagant
prosperity which had prevailed for several years in
the Hawaiian sugar industry suddenly ceased. The
price of sugar fell at first to the extent of two cents a
pound. Dividends were passed and rigid systems of
economy were put in practice. Lessons were thus
learned from which the Islands have ever since benefited.
At this time the stockholders of the Hawaiian
Sugar Company, although they had already paid in a
part of their subscriptions, being frightened at the
6i








lift anb Character
gloomy outlook ahead were not inclined to proceed
with the enterprise. Mr. Baldwin, however, was not
discouraged. He persuaded the stockholders to stand
by the new plantation, assuring them that he would
not call for more than seventy per cent of their subscriptions. This promise he kept notwithstanding
the building of an immense irrigation ditch, a large
diffusion mill, and other improvements. To supply
his part of this subscription, Mr. Baldwin himself
went heavily into debt to J. D. Spreckels and Brothers of San Francisco, a debt which was long a burden,
and even a danger.
The Hanapepe Ditch of the Hawaiian Sugar Company, built in 1890 and 189I, like the Hamakua Ditch
on Maui, is a lasting monument to Mr. Baldwin's
ability and energy. Both were laid out in large part
by him and although he had had no technical education as a civil engineer, both are remarkable examples of engineering skill. In fact, Mr. Allardt, a
California engineer of excellent reputation, having
been engaged to look over the plans for the Hanapepe
Ditch before construction was commenced, reported
he could suggest no improvements of importance.
In 1891 occurred the death of King Kalakaua.
With all his faults he had many of the kindly characteristics of his race, and his relations with Mr. Baldwin were not unfriendly, notwithstanding the latter's
frequent political opposition. The king in fact often
invited him to the palace and manifested appreciation of his friendship for the Hawaiians by appointing him to the order of Kulia.
Upon the accession of Queen Liliuokalani it was
62




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4ift anb Character


hoped that an era of good feeling had been inaugurated. Early in her reign, at Haiku Mr. Baldwin
gave a great luau [native feast] in her honor. There
were present more than two thousand persons and a
great quantity of meats, vegetables, and delicacies
was cooked (and eaten) in the old Hawaiian fashion.
Mr. Baldwin made a happy speech in the Hawaiian
language, and there were eloquent responses from the
natives present, all full of good feeling, notwithstanding that many of the orators had previously expressed
the most violent sentiments against the whites, the
missionaries, and the like. Such was the kindly influence of food and hospitality.
Later when the affairs of the unfortunate queen
reached a crisis and the city of Honolulu was aroused
and determined to depose her from the throne, Mr.
Baldwin standing practically alone among the men of
his party, addressed the people urging that only such
means should be adopted as were "within the Constitution." This speech, however, fell upon deaf ears
and seeing that he was hopelessly in the minority he
gave up his attempt to moderate the passion of the
hour.
Nevertheless, upon the establishment of the Provisional Government in I893, he became one of its
most substantial adherents and was relied upon by
members of the government for his wise counsel and
because of the influence which he commanded, especially on the Island of Maui.
In this year of 1893, there was much in business to
occupy his attention. The McKinley Bill was then
passed with the almost distastrous result to the sugar
63




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life anb tCharater
industry already mentioned; and Mr. Baldwin was
obliged to work very hard to keep his plantations
alive until prosperity should return.
About this time, Mr. Morrison, manager of the
Hawaiian Sugar Company, was obliged, on account
of ill health, to take a long vacation, and Mr. Baldwin moved with his family to Makaweli Kauai to
take personal charge of that plantation. The situation there was serious. The diffusion process in the
mill was not proving successful. It was necessary to
eliminate the discontent which prevailed among the
higher employees. These months which he spent on
Kauai were some of the hardest and most wearing of
his life. At the end he turned over a much improved
plantation to Mr. Morrison upon the latter's return
from Scotland.
A memorable part of the Kauai visit was a trip
which Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin took behind a four
horse team, accompanied by the writer of this memoir around the Island of Kauai. On the way they
spent a delightful night with the Rice family at
Lihue. At Hanalei, their journey's end, they revisited the old Waioli house, Father Alexander's first
home in the Hawaiian Islands. It was a day full of
reminiscences of the early missionary life.
An incident of the Kauai residence, very characteristic of Mr. Baldwin, occurred as follows: the
writer having been invited by Mr. Francis Gay to
shoot an occasional wild turkey on the Gay and Robinson lands, one day came upon a flock of the birds
while riding with Mr. Baldwin up the side of Koulu
Valley. The sportsman in Mr. Baldwin which no
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tife anb Cbaracter


amount of business or politics could quite suppress
immediately conquered all else. Crying out "Arthur, let me see what I can do " he took the shot gun
and, one-armed as he was, straightway brought down
a fine large turkey.
It now seems strange that we did not in those days
marvel at his ability to do most things as well with
one arm as other people did with two. For example,
in this matter of shooting, he used to take his young
sons on trips of happy memory to the mountain house
at Olinda, and on the turkey hunts that ensued would
often bring down his bird from horseback. Riding
the high spirited horses he loved, he would take the
reins in his teeth and open the heaviest of gates without dismounting; and to mount such horses without
help seemed to him not difficult at all. When the
family moved up the mountain to Olinda, he would
carry a child seated on a pillow in front of his saddle
and it occurred to no one to doubt that he could manage the business safely. His facility in dressing himself and preparing his meat and other food seems
now remarkable. One of his daughters recalls how
once when she could not remove a splinter from his
hand, he had her hold the needle while he himself so
operated his hand as to succeed where she had failed.
A thousand such anecdotes might be told.
In the latter part of 1893, Mr. Baldwin with his
family returned to Haiku, bringing with him, among
other things, the white-faced Arabian pony, Bowery,
which later was closely associated with the memory
of his dearly loved son Fred.
In I892 and 1893, there was built the Baldwin
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tife anb tCaratter


Home at the Leper Settlement on the Island of Molokai. His old friend Brother Dutton, for many
years, and at this writing, the true and faithful superintendent of the Baldwin Home says:
Father Damien began gathering some boys early in I886.
So when I came, in July, he had about fifteen, living in little
huts around his house. Some of them might be called cabins.
Soon we had about fifty boys and men. Two larger buildings
were put up and the inmates increased rapidly in number.
Hon. H. P. Baldwin was eager to provide the home for
boys and men, a home well constructed and convenient.
The first general construction of the Home was all paid for
by Mr. Baldwin and he often invited me to call upon him for
anything new or additional that might be needed.
Counting the living, we have had at the Baldwin Home
1073 inmates. We aim to operate the home as a big family -
the largest on the Island.
The "outside" people, as all not in the homes are called, are
always about two-thirds of the total. They live in families,
part families, etc., etc. In the homes there are advantages and
the opportunity for control, that would be impossible "outside."
How much good has been done in Bishop and Baldwin
Homes- as to morals in general, as to sober living, in the
building up of good character, in becoming accustomed to
work of various sorts, no living person can estimate.
At Kalaupapa (the Bishop Home for Girls), the present
management has made many improvements, better buildings,
some regularity as to streets, etc.
Still for beauty, there is no peer to Baldwin Home. All
who speak of it tell me this. I have not been away from Baldwin Home yard for nearly twenty years.
Mr. Baldwin's marked success as a manager is well known.
To know his charities in like manner they must be searched
out. This of the leper settlement that we have given his
name, was a favorite with him. He told me so the last time I
67








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I




lift anb Ctaratter
saw him. His cheerful disposition had already added much
to his ever ready help. The evident value of the work in the
higher sense, gave him pleasure, and I hope it may always be
so to the Baldwin family, and to all of us here, with God's
blessing.
The increasing pressure of his public and philanthropic enterprises induced Mr. Baldwin in the Fall
of 1893 to make Mr. J. W. Colville, who had formerly been manager of the Paia plantation, manager
also of the Haiku plantation, while he himself retained the position of general manager. This position, one of general oversight over these plantations
and the others in which he was interested, leaving
many of the details to the managers, including later
his sons Harry and Frank, he continued to occupy
under different designations for the rest of his life.
In i894 he formed a partnership with his brotherin-law, Samuel T. Alexander, under the name of
Alexander and Baldwin which in I9oo was incorporated under the name of Alexander and Baldwin,
Limited. The firm was at first the San Francisco
agency for the Haiku and Paia plantations only. In
1897 a Honolulu branch was established and the
agency of the plantations transferred to it from the
old firm of Castle and Cooke. Starting from a small
beginning, the new firm at once set for itself an inflexibly high standard of business morality. Obligations were faithfully and promptly met. That such
policies pay was manifested in the firm's steadily increasing business. Its further history is largely a
history of Mr. Baldwin himself.
In I894 he was a member of the convention which
69




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tife anb Cbaracter


was called to establish a Hawaiian Republic, serving
on its executive and finance committees.
Under the Republic then inaugurated, he continued to be an active and influential member of the
Legislature. Among other measures which he supported was the Land Act of 1895, which was framed
in the interest of the small proprietors rather than of
his own class.
Judge S. B. Dole, then president of the republic,
writing of this period, says:
In those days he was often in my room at the Capitol on
matters of public business, and always showed a desire to
reach the bottom of propositions for legislation, and to act for
the public interests. During the political disturbances of
1895, he was a helpful counsellor and ever maintained a cheerful optimism. I well remember his expedition for information at the time of the uprising of I895. In one of the smaller coasting steamers he proceeded to several ports of Maui
and Hawaii with instructions to land and communicate by
telephone or otherwise with the available sources of information and obtain all possible data as to the political condition
of those islands in relation to the uprising in Honolulu. He
performed this mission quickly and with such discretion that
his visits hardly provoked a ripple of excitement in those
communities.
At this time, when the Island of Maui was cut off
from communication with the outside world, all that
the family knew of this mysterious trip was that H.
P. Baldwin had landed at Makena for a few minutes
one night from the little steamer Keauhou and from
there had gone to the Island of Hawaii. Its natural
anxiety, however, was set at rest some days later when
the Honolulu authorities permitted the resumption of
interisland navigation.
70








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During these years his charitable enterprises were
constantly increasing. The Makawao Church was
rebuilt at Paliuli on the site of the original Paia
sugar-mill. Of this church Mr. Baldwin was always a faithful member, attending its services regularly, and contributing liberally to its financial needs.
The East Maui Seminary for Hawaiian girls, having
been burned to the ground, was rebuilt near the old
Sunnyside home. In this institution, always a favorite with him, he constantly showed the most eager
interest. The native Hawaiian ministers on the Island
of Maui were supported, in large part, by him, and
the interest of the Protestant and other churches
aided in many ways. He rebuilt his father's old
church at Wainee. Numerous young men were sent
at his expense to school and college. His benefactions, in fact, were very large and were not usually
known even to his own family.
Almost every morning at Haiku there would be
two or three natives waiting for a word with him as
he came out from breakfast to mount his horse. What
passed between him and these old fellows we shall
never know, but notwithstanding the pressure of his
affairs he always seemed to find time to talk and advise with them, and never ceased in his aloha [love]
for their race.
This feeling is perhaps best expressed by him in
his own words, uttered on September 2, 1902, when
putting Prince Kuhio in nomination as Republican
candidate for delegate to Congress. We quote from
the Hawaiian Gazette of the following day:
In his nominating speech Mr. Baldwin said that he took


72








Life anb Character


great pleasure in announcing as his choice for delegate a
prince of the royal family of Hawaii. "I repeat," said he,
"that it is a great privilege to offer the name of Prince Kalanianaole. I had my sixtieth birthday just a few days ago-"
"We hope you will have sixty more," interposed Delegate
B. T. Guard, of Hilo, the members of the convention approving the sentiment with long applause.
Mr. Baldwin, continuing said, "As we grow older we do
not, as a rule, celebrate our birthdays with the same gusto as
when we were fifteen or sixteen years of age. I may say,
though, that I spent the first fifty-one years of my life under
the Hawaiian monarchy and the last nine years under other
forms of government culminating in that of a Territory of
the Republic of the United States.
"I cannot forget the pleasure of the years I lived under
the monarchy, as a youth, as a young man, as a man of business. My remembrances of all those days give me a heartfelt aloha for Hawaii and the Hawaiians.
"But it is idle to look backward. We are entering upon
a new era, an era full of large possibilities to these Islands.
We are looking for a glorious outcome to the Hawaiian
Islands as a branch of the great United States government.
"Now, I state that I nominate the Prince with a genuine
aloha for himself and his native fellow-countrymen. The
Republican party here should be proud that it is to have in its
ranks a leader of the Hawaiians who has declared himself a
Republican. I believe that the Prince himself should be proud
that he has chosen to belong to that party, which is a party
that stands for the good of the whole people."
In 1899 the Kihei lands near Maalaea Bay on
Maui, of which Mr. Baldwin was one of the owners,
were turned over to the new Kihei Plantation Company, Mr. Baldwin receiving for his share of the land
eight hundred ninety-one thousand dollars par value
of the stock, besides which he subscribed in cash for
a considerable amount. These lands were naturally


73




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Life ab (Charatter


fertile but were situated in an exceedingly dry district. The plan was to bring water to them by means
of wells and pumps, as had already been done successfully at Ewa on Oahu. Mr. Baldwin assumed
the presidency and worked hard but unsuccessfully
to make the proposition a success. Often three or
four times a week, he would ride his horse twenty
miles to Kihei, spend the day there, and ride back at
nightfall twenty miles to Haiku. Becoming convinced at last that he had received too large an amount
of stock for his land in the boom period of the plantation's beginnings, he insisted on surrendering to the
company four hundred forty-five thousand, five hundred dollars par value, equal to one-half of the stock
given him for his land. Notwithstanding this unprecedented and generous action and despite the labor and thought that had been expended upon it, it
became necessary in the end to abandon Kihei as a
separate plantation.
Following upon the starting of the Kihei plantation, Mr. Baldwin's next enterprise was in connection
with the already existing Hawaiian Commercial and
Sugar Company. In I898 the control of this plantation, which had been first with Mr. Claus Spreckels,
and later, after some litigation, with his sons, was secured by Mr. Pollitz, a San Francisco stockbroker.
The latter proceeded at once to Honolulu and offered
an option on a controlling block of the stock to Mr.
James B. Castle of Honolulu. The option was accepted and Mr. Baldwin and his associates of Alexander and Baldwin were included in the syndicate
then formed to take over this stock, Mr. Castle be

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life anb ECaracter


coming a partner of the firm of Alexander and Baldwin, Limited. From that time until his death Mr.
Baldwin was the dominant personality in the affairs of the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company. It had always been his dream, thus realized
by the acquisition of this property with the others
in which he was already interested, to see that great
district of Central Maui with its possibilities of fertility and productiveness, understood by none so well
as himself, grow and prosper under his guiding hand.
It did so grow and prosper, but not without years
of anxiety and trial. The Hawaiian Commercial
Company had never succeeded under its old management, and did not succeed under the new until the
year I902, when Mr. Baldwin took personal charge
in place of Mr. Lowrie. At that time the debt of the
plantation had increased to a dangerous degree. Its
credit with the banks was almost gone. Its fields
were "weedy," the laborers discontented, the expense
heavy. In a year's time, the plantation under Mr.
Baldwin's management had paid off a debt of eight
hundred thousand dollars and was on a dividend-paying basis. Conditions surrounding employees were
greatly improved and their loyalty and confidence in
the management restored. This was one of Mr.
Baldwin's greatest commercial successes. On the sentimental side, however, it involved the abandonment
of the old Haiku home, which was not again regularly occupied by the family.
Shortly after the taking over of the control of the
Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company by the socalled Alexander and Baldwin interests, the Hawai

75








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ian Islands in i898 were made a part of the United
States, an event of the greatest commercial as well as
political significance to the Islands. To industry
this meant a stable government and the end of all fear
of the imposition of a duty on Hawaiian sugar going
into the United States. With these benefits came also
certain burdens, including the shutting off of that
great source of labor supply to the Pacific, the eastern
part of Asia.
Upon annexation, moreover, the planters became
considerably distressed about the possibility of disturbance due to the coming change from the system
of contract labor which had prevailed up to that time
(rather against the desires of such progressive planters as Mr. Baldwin) to the system prevailing in the
United States. What would the many thousands of
Japanese laborers do upon being suddenly and automatically freed from the obligation of their contracts? The readjustment was made with considerable difficulty on some of the Maui plantations on
which the managers were not on the best of terms
with their employees. On the Haiku and Paia plantations, however, the change was accomplished without any difficulty whatever. All nationalities among
that polyglot collection of laborers trusted Mr. Baldwin implicity. The Japanese on the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Plantation having started a strike
sent to their friends on the Haiku and Paia Plantations to inquire if Mr. Baldwin was polalei [to be
trusted], and receiving a favorable answer, they too
were satisfied and the strike was discontinued. This
was typical of Mr. Baldwin's relations with the Jap77








life anb Ctaracter


anese and other laborers through his whole business
career. He was always square, always just and although he did not allow imposition and had little
use for a loafer, he treated his people well and made
them as comfortable as possible in their homes. The
result was that at no time did he have really serious
labor difficulties on his plantations.
At the close both of Governor Dole's and Governor
Carter's administrations, he was urged to be a candidate for the governorship. There was little doubt
but that he would have secured the appointment if
he had consented, as it was generally said that his was
the one nomination which would meet with universal
approval. He declined, however, feeling that with
his ever increasing business cares and his advancing
years it would be impossible for him to accept.
He was also led to this decision because of the fact
that, in order to carry out his various business enterprises he had by the year 1900 accumulated a large
debt. He had come to the conclusion that he must
devote himself to freeing himself from this obligation, an object which after years of consistent effort
he finally accomplished. Nevertheless he was able
to spare considerable time for his various political
duties, although not after I903 holding any office
under the government. He was thenceforth always
a member of the Republican Campaign Committee
for the Island of Maui, and always felt personal responsibility that the Island should "go Republican."
New business enterprises, however, he consistently
refused to go into, believing that he must first get out
of debt before undertaking any others.
78












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From January 1902 until May 1906, he continued
in the personal management of the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company at the same time maintaining a general oversight over the other Alexander
and Baldwin plantations, as well as the Haleakala
and Honolua cattle ranches.
These were years of great business activity. Most
of the plantations in which he was interested undertook extensive improvements calculated to render
their positions more secure in case of bad times to
come. Chief among these were the Lowrie Ditch
undertaken by the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar
Company in 900o, the Koolau Ditch undertaken by
the combined East Maui plantations in I903 and
1904, the Olokele Ditch, built by the Hawaiian Sugar
Company in 1902 to 1904, and the new mills which
were built at Paia, Makaweli, and Puunene (the
Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company). Mr.
Baldwin was not only a moving spirit in all of these
improvements, but took an important part in the
general affairs of the sugar planters of all the Islands.
In 1904 he was one of the organizers of the Sugar
Factors Company, and also helped in the various activities of the Sugar Planters Association, such as its
very successful agricultural experiment station and
on several occasions he represented the Hawaiian
planters in their negotiations with the sugar refiners
of the East.
One of his typical busy days is thus described by
one of his sons:
I remember on one occasion he left Maui in the afternoon
by the "James Makee," for Honolulu, arriving there the
80




I




life anb Qtaracter


next morning about ten o'clock. He attended to some business there and returned the same afternoon about three o'clock
on one of the small boats, the "Iwalani," I think it was,
arriving at Kihei on the following morning. There he got
a horse from Mr. Pogue, who was then manager of the Kihei
Plantation, rode over the Kihei Plantation, arriving at my
house at Paliuli, just above the Paia Church. He had lunch
with us, got a fresh horse, rode over to Hamakuapoko and
looked over the fields and mill. He then rode over to Haiku
and got another horse and rode up to Olinda, arriving there
about half past six that evening. After dinner, so I am told,
he sat up until about half past nine, apparently "as fresh as
a daisy."
Only those who have experienced the sleeplessness
and discomfort of travel on the smaller interisland
steamers and have ridden over those great areas of
plantation, some twenty miles in length, will appreciate how strenuous a day this was.
In those active days, if any one remonstrated with
him for continuing to work so hard when he had
earned the right to leisure if any man ever had, he
would reply "I would rather wear out than rust out."
The wearing process, however, although he would
never admit it, began somewhat to gain upon him.
Beginning with the year I905, he was subjected to a
series of shocks which in the end seriously impaired
his strength. First came a heavy and unexpected
blow in the death of his son, Fred, which occurred
in New York, October I i, I905. This son had spent
much of his time with his parents in the home at
Maluhia on Maui, and full as he was of life, activity,
and promise, his loss left a void in the home which
could not be filled. A few months later, Mr. Baldwin was obliged to undergo a severe operation for
8I








life anb Cjaracter
mastoiditis which was performed in Honolulu by
Doctor McDonough of Toronto. His former vitality and strength seemed never afterwards to have
been fully recovered.
He wrote at this time to his friend Bishop Restarick of Honolulu:
MY DEAR BISHOP: Your good kind letter of Sympathy
was received while I was at the Hospital in Honolulu and
has not been forgotten. Letters of sympathy when one is
laid low touch the heart in a tender spot and cannot be forgotten.
The blow seemed severe to me, but I feel it was needed
to bring me to a full realization of how much I and my family have been prospered under Divine Providence and care,
and to bring me to a higher sense of my duties to God and
my fellow men.
The lesson will not be forgotten.
Writing to the author of this memoir Bishop Restarick comments:
To me this letter reveals more clearly than anything else,
the real humility and trust of your Father. All great men,
or men that I should esteem great, are humble when you get
below the surface of the routine in which they must assert
themselves, and I think that this letter shows the true spirit
of your Father.
That he himself had perceived some loss of his
strength appears in his letter of May, I906 to William G. Cooke, secretary of the Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company, stating that he thought it
well to anticipate a step which he had intended to
take in the following year, namely to immediately
resign his position as manager, adding: "The serious time I have been through, it seems to me, is a
82




I




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Life anb Ctaracter


warning voice that it is time for me to step out of the
direct management."
Symptoms of the trouble which later caused his
death were first noticed about this time. In search
of better health he went in I907 with his wife and
daughter, Charlotte, to Japan. The trip was a happy
one, but his health did not improve.
He continued, nevertheless, upon his return to follow the affairs of the various plantations very closely,
being still in the saddle or automobile a great part of
the day. In January of 1909, however, he was taken
with an attack of appendicitis and was barely saved
by an operation performed by Dr. James R. Judd
at the Puunene Hospital. In the summer of that
year he went with Mrs. Baldwin on his last trip east.
Among other places his travels included a very delightful expedition with Mrs. Baldwin and his son,
Arthur, to the Muskoka Lake Region of Canada.
His health was noticeably less vigorous than formerly at this time, and business and other cares seemed
to disturb him more than ever before. Nevertheless,
such was his love of natural beauty and of travel, his
keen interest in all the affairs of the world, that he
seemed thoroughly to enjoy the excursion.
Before he returned to Maui, the people of that
Island held an election and for the first time in years
rejected the Republican Party at the polls, a result
which he attributed in part to his absence and for
which he very severely blamed himself. He stated
then that never again would he be absent from the
Island at election time.
In the summer of I9I0 an election was held in the
84




I




1ife anb Character


Islands at the instance of the American Congress, to
ascertain whether the sentiment of the people was for
or against the prohibition of the sale of liquor. Mr.
Baldwin with all his old time vigor plunged into the
fight on behalf of the prohibition cause, notwithstanding that he felt that it was unwise to have precipitated the issue at that time. Among other things
he gave a great luau [feast] served to several thousand persons at Paia and himself spoke in Hawaiian
on behalf of the cause. This combined with the labor
of the preparation of the materials for the feast (he
always himself followed such matters down to the
smallest detail) resulted in a serious sickness. When
barely recovered, he was out again, never sparing
himself, making speeches and attending meetings until the end of the campaign which resulted, to his
chagrin, in the complete success of the "wet" interests.
During the remaining two years of his life, while
continuing to be active in business, politics, and philanthropy, he left to some extent the business details to
his sons and others. More of his time was given to
the enjoyment of his home at Maluhia (built in
I903), where he took the greatest delight in the planting and raising of fruit trees and flowers. It was always one of his keenest pleasures to own and develop
a home and grounds upon the heights or mountainside
as at Maluhia or Olinda, from whence he would
never tire of the view of the hills, cane fields, and
plantation villages of Central Maui and beyond over
the waters of the Pacific Ocean to the Islands of
Kohoolawe, Lanai, and Molokai. That was his coun85




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ift atnb Character


try, the country to which he had given the best that
was in him, and it is not strange that he loved it.
In the summer of 1911 his health grew rapidly
worse. He went to Byron Hot Springs, California,
and later to San Francisco, accompanied by Mrs.
Baldwin (who from henceforth was rarely absent
from his side) and by his son Dr. William D. Baldwin, in the hope that a change would restore him to
at least part of his former strength. Instead he
failed gradually and near the end of June, the decision was made to return to the Islands on the steamer
Honolulan of the Matson Line. The voyage was
made without incident direct to Kahului. As he
was carried from the tender to the wharf, he recognized many, including some of the workmen, and
called to them cheerily by name. Indeed he was
cheery and retained his sense of humor, so far as conscious, until the last. For a little while it was hoped
that he would improve, but once arrived at the Maluhia home he lived but a few days and died on July
8, 19 I.
Few men have been so honored as he upon their
death in so general and spontaneous an expression of
grief by all classes of the community. On the afternoon of July io, the day of the funeral, business was
stopped at Honolulu. Many came to Maui from
there and from the other Islands on the steamer
Mauna Kea, specially chartered for the occasion.
No doubt, however, if he had been there to see, the
presence and grief of many of the great men of the
territory would not have touched his heart as much
as the manifestation of grief by the common laborers,
87








life anb Charatter


who by the hundreds and thousands on foot and horseback from all over the Island poured into Maluhia
and the old church yard at the Makawo Cemetery to
do honor to the memory of the man who was employer of many and the friend of all, the "Father of
Maui" as he was called.
How noble a record he has left to his children and
grandchildren! From beginning to end there is no
blot on his scutcheon. His success in business came
from hard work, energy, constructive imagination,
the vision that can see into the future, ability to manage men and things, common sense, and inflexible
honesty. There is nothing here of the craft and the
scheming or the ruthlessness one associates with so
many of the builders of industry. His was a life of
Christianity practically applied. If any one word is
significant of his character, perhaps it is justice. Every man who dealt with him received his due, often
more, but never less. When his "worldly task" was
done, he might have said with the evangelist:
I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I
have kept the faith.


88








EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPERS
AND PERIODICALS








ate 3attlaitan CQ     urb rChronitle
Julp, 1911
M     /R. BALDWIN'S burial was wonderful. 
I was taken to Makawao by Mr. J. N. S. Williams. As we neared the cemetery we passed a continuous stream of people of every race and nation in
tl* Islands. Many were walking and many were in
every kind of vehicle from a buggy to a cane wagon to
which horses could be attached. Hundreds were on
horseback.
A large number went no farther than the cemetery and waited there for the interment.
As the Baldwin residence was approached the
crowd of vehicles made advance difficult, and the
dust was most disagreeable. At the house, Maluhia
[Peace], crowds were pressing forward to look for
the last time on the face of the one who had been
dear to them.
As the throng passed the coffin those from Honolulu were directed to enter a room reserved for them.
When I sat down, I recalled the time when my oldest
daughter, her friend, Miss Burnham, the Reverend
A. L. Hall, and myself came down from the summit
of Haleakala, and how Mr. Baldwin insisted that we
pass the remainder of the day and the night with
them. Objections were overruled when Mrs. Baldwin said that her husband wished us to stay.


90




I




_etoWpaper anb ieriobical QCxtratt%


This was Maluhia-Peace. Yes, thank God that
Mr. Baldwin reached home to die on the island on
which he was born, in his own home, with his dear
ones around him.
In this very room I had sat and talked with him.
Yes, I thought:
He has but gone from this room into the next;
We, too, shall go in a minute.
From the chair in which I sat I could see the koa
coffin in the next room, and could watch the men and
women file by. I saw many a Japanese woman furtively wipe her eyes on the sleeve of her kimona, and
many a Portuguese quietly take the corner of her
shawl to dry her tears. Many a Hawaiian I saw go
from the coffin with his handkerchief to his eyes.
Many a stolid Oriental looked on the face of the dead
and turned away with a pained look.
Many said to me later: "I have lost a friend."
Others said: "I have lost my best friend." Others
said: "No one is here out of curiosity; all have
come because of respect and affection."
It is difficult to estimate how many people were
present; it is easier to say that all were present who
could get there.
Everything was simply done. The hymns were
familiar. Abide with Me, Sun of My Soul, Lead,
Kindly Light, and at the grave, Jesus, Lover of My
Soul.
Books were distributed and the people requested
to sing. It was fitting that one so simple and unostentatious should have just such a burial.
The only thing which was lavish was the flowers


91








tWebspaper anb   eriobial extracts


sent from all parts. There were mountains of flowers. The costly set pieces, the rare orchids, all told
the story of interest and regard and of a desire to express in outward way what hearts felt.
A Hawaiian said to me: "This is like the funeral
of a Kamehameha." It was a royal funeral. It was
the funeral of a king. Not of a king of wealth and
power, though the deceased possessed these in large
degree, but because he was a king over human hearts
which he had brought into subjection and loyalty by
his kindliness and sympathy. He was a king of love,
because he had the spirit of "The King of Love."
Everywhere one heard the words: "I tell you he
will be missed." "Yes," said one, "and by none so
much as those for whom he had an aloha because of
some service or some attachment of long ago."
God carries on His work when men who seem
necessary are taken away. But it is difficult to see
how Mr. Baldwin's place will be filled. He has left
an indelible impress for good on the business, the
politics, the social life of Maui, especially, and of the
Islands generally.
Characters like that of Mr. Baldwin are not developed without suffering. It must have been a terrible trial when the accident occurred which nearly
cost him his life, and cut him off from the great
pleasure which he took in playing the organ. But
he was one who instead of dwelling upon his loss
dwelt upon the fact that he was spared to his wife and
family and had work to do.
He bore other sorrows as bravely as he did the loss
of his arm, and his sorrows softened and made him


92




I




ftetlspipaper anb  3eriobical (txtractt


more humble and more trustful. They made him
also better able to comfort others by the comfort
wherewith he himself had been comforted of God.
Our thoughts and prayer go out to the widow, but
she will bear this as she has borne other griefs in
patience, hope, and trustful confidence. May God
send to her His choicest blessings and that comfort
which He also can give, is the prayer of
HENRY B. RESTARICK, Bishop of Honolulu.


93








~tte tjrienb, Augst, 1911
A   MAN of princely mold has gone from us to
larger spheres. The details of his outer life are
told elsewhere. The first impression Mr. Baldwin
made upon a new friend was boundless energy. In
his frame was pent up a spirit that matter could not
house. That spirit was forever going forth in useful
enterprises. Its owner was consumed with passion,
not merely to do things, for a child pulling down a
house of blocks yields to this sort of emotion, but to
construct. The teaching of the whole industrial life
of Mr. Baldwin was that of struggle to make permanent improvements. These Islands are immensely richer for his having lived. Every plantation he
touched became more productive, and not merely for
the moment but for all the future. He added greatly to the continuing forces for better living here.
This spirit enabled him to put more hours into every
day, and more effectiveness into each hour than is
possible to most men. He was everlasting achieving
from day dawn to bedtime. "He wore himself out"
some of his friends say. Never. He lived his life
fully as a man ought, and when his body could no
longer house his spirit, it wisely set him free. Mere
long life is no boon to a soul that may be called the
Son of a Father described as Jesus did, "My Father
worketh hitherto," that is "never rests."  No one
can remember Mr. Baldwin as anything but strong.


94








Aetwspaper anb teriobical extracts


How much better thus than years of decline and crippling disease! Like all truly noble souls he was
quiet, unassuming and modest. Being a worker himself loving physical toil, he could appreciate workingmen. Hence he was a most successful handler of
labor. His men looked up to a manager who could
and did beat them at being industrious. Others may
speak of his great organizing, directing and financial
ability as well as of his mastery of the problems of
sugar culture. In all these spheres he was facile
princeps. But to us the quality that stood next to that
of indomitable energy was his kindness. It shone
in his face and beamed forth from his manner and
language. He had a great heart, and it set no bounds
of prejudice. Being a worthy son of devoted missionaries he was of course a large giver. This occasions no surprise but his catholicity of spirit was a
trait all his own. He realized that the men who
helped him build his fortune looked at religion from
all sorts of viewpoints. He respected each man's
freedom of spirit and believed it incumbent on him
to use his resources to aid every man to worship God
in his own way. Hence Catholics, as well as Protestants, Mormons, and Hawaiian Scientists, Buddhists
and Shinto believers could always count on his wide
sympathy and aid. It was not policy that dictated
this, but a great noble human heart. His own faith
was as simple and deep as a child's trust in father and
mother, a beautiful every day friendship with the
Great Companion. His prayers were reverent and
reflected the quiet profound faith that made life to
him one constant sacrament.


95








ftteopaper anb Periobical extracts


It is no wonder that all Maui seemed to pour itself forth in great converging streams of humanity
on the day of his burial. The occasion and the exercises were as simple and beautiful as the spirit that
had gone home. No ostentation, no display, but an
overflowing of multitudes of all the races of the Island to pay affection's tribute to the great manager.
"We feel lonely now that our father is gone," said one
simple-hearted Hawaiian. It was true because if
there was one quality more than another which this
life showed it was tender solicitude for the people of
the soil. The man also spoke the feeling of all that
vast throng.                DOREMUS SCUDDER.


96








e jt frienb, August, o191
A     TER a short account of Mr. Baldwin's life,
Mr. Castle continues:
The history of these Islands would be incomplete without a reference to Mr. Baldwin's share in
their political and social development. After the
Revolution of I893, he entered with all his resourcefulness into the complex and difficult questions presented for solutidn. His advice was sought and listened to with respect. He was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of 1894, and for several
sessions of the legislature his clear intellect and administrative ability were invaluable aids in guiding
the young republic. Lately he had avoided actual
participation in legislative and governmental work;
but his strong and honest influence has continued to
have great weight, not only on Maui, but throughout
the Territory. The Hawaiians, embittered by the
overthrow of the native monarchy, and long suspicious of those whom they formerly regarded as
friends, soon learned that Mr. Baldwin was in very
truth their best friend and the confidence thus restored continued to the end.
This very brief sketch of his life would be like an
arch without the keystone, with no mention made of
Mr. Baldwin's work for humanity. It is not possible to even enumerate the various fruits of his noble
generosity. But who has not heard of the Baldwin


97








Aetuopaper anb ieriobial extracte


Home for the Children of Lepers, the Maunaolu
Seminary, the schools, churches, and other institutions he has either established or assisted, built and
endowed? One of his latest acts of love will not soon
be forgotten, especially by the aged. He built and
then endowed at Makawao, on Maui, a home for old
people. If all of these acts had not been done so
quietly and without ostentation, the world would have
heard of very much more. But it was his desire that
nothing he did should be trumpeted. Not even his
family knew of all his acts of benevolence and charity. He frowned on all attempts to publish a story
of his benevolence. It is doubtful whether he would
permit what he did to be called "benevolences" or
"charities;" for he had a strong and abiding sense of
the wide duty to mankind of those whose business
brought more than enough to supply personal needs
only.
Of his personal character not much need be said;
for all who knew him felt not only the magnetism of
his fine character and manhood, but were impressed
by his simplicity, freedom from ostentation, kind
heart, courtesy to all about him, the lowest and the
most degraded being treated with as great kindness
and with as marked respect as those who were powerful or wealthy. It is difficult to justly estimate and
judge such a man, for there is so much not yet known,
but there is sufficient to justify the conviction that in
his death Hawaii lost a faithful friend, and upright
citizen, and all of its work for social, moral and religious uplift a most earnest supporter.
W[ILLIAM] R. C[ASTLE].
98








1tfe Ibbertiser, Julp 10, 1911
ARDLY once in a generation does the death of
a private citizen cause the generally widespread
sorrow that is being manifested over the death of
Henry P. Baldwin, whose funeral will be held at
Makawao, Maui, this afternoon. His passing away
is a distinct loss to the Territory as well as to his personal friends. His straightforward life and its honesty of purpose combined with the great work he accomplished should be an example and inspiration to
the youth of these Islands.
Mr. Baldwin was born in Lahaina and passed the
greater part of his life here, a life which was an
open book. Never was the breath of any scandal
breathed against him in connection with his home
life, his business or political activities. He was the
soul of honesty in all his transactions and with a democratic modesty that charmed all who met him he was
as accessible to the most humble of his army of
plantation workers as to his business associates. Any
man who went to him with a grievance received the
justice and consideration which his complaint might
deserve. He was beloved by his workmen and the
many men who spent a lifetime in his service are a
living proof of his fair and just treatment of his subordinates.
It was as a real pioneer that Mr. Baldwin became
interested in the development of the sugar industry


99




Z~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.   I
rl
&~  I
4I   4, 
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f   I




etuospaptr anb Periobital extracti


of the Islands. With an energy and optimism above
praise he combated all obstacles in the way of success
and set a pace in the industry which has brought unprecedented prosperity to the entire Territory. And
in all his experience as manager of great interests he
has been without guile. It is reported that when he
died Mr. Baldwin was a multi-millionaire, but it
can be said of him, what can be stated of few, that his
fortune was acquired by making the earth fruitful, by
adding to the blessings of mankind in food and work
and in all his money there was no tainted dollar.
And with all his wealth he strove in his quiet way
to accomplish as much good as possible. Wherever
the old and forlorn, the sick or hungry needed comforting there could be depended upon a helping hand
extended toward them with practical assistance. The
home for the aged and needy at Paia, the home for
boys on Molokai, the seminary for girls at Paia, the
Baldwin home at Lahaina, the Alexander home at
Wailuku, two churches and other benevolences, all
testify to his love for his fellowmen and sympathetic
heart. They will remain a monument to his memory
and his work that all may know in after times the
kind of a real man Henry P. Baldwin was.


100








ba  e   betinag Buletin, Aulp 10, 1911
HIENRY P. Baldwin was in every sense one of
the builders of Hawaii. And if he was not chief
among them, it is because he was not self-assertive or
in any sense bumptious; he sought results by cooperation and by enlisting the good will of his associates
and found his greatest pleasure in the work rather
than the glorification that comes of "getting the
credit."
No man in these islands was a harder worker than
Mr. Baldwin and while this habit no doubt carried
him earlier to the grave, it is certain that he was happiest when engaged in the tasks of an active man.
Mr. Baldwin did a tremendous amount of creative
work and pioneering that took courage as well as
ability. Of all the men in the Islands who are ranked
with him in the development of industries, it may be
said with absolute truth that he worked his way up.
He was first a sugar-cane planter. He gained all the
experience of a farmer who plods along with poor
return for hard physical labor. This experience he
put to good account. He had confidence in himself
and confidence in the industry with which he was associated, provided proper conditions were brought
about, and he set himself to the task of improving the
conditions with enthusiasm and determination.
Though he was a thorough expert in business, his
early home missionary training was such as to give


IOI








Jetospaper anb periobical extratts


him a broader view of life than the mere grinding
out of dollars. He took a live interest in those about
him. He realized that he had responsibilities in his
relation to general community welfare. He did not
forget, either in the days of prosperity or the hard
days of threatening adversity when it became necessary to fight to retain that which he had won, that
there are others and a man cannot succeed or fail for
himself alone.
This brought him into public life, and there he
served his fellow countrymen with absolute integrity.
He was kindhearted. He understood the kindly
character of the Hawaiians. He was born of American parents and trained in the best American ideals.
He had the confidence of the American and the Hawaiian, and was blessed with excellent judgment in
dealing with situations where conflicts between the
old and the new gave rise to much bitterness. Mr.
Baldwin did not seek political preferment. He was
ready, however, at all times to do his share. In his
political activities he worked for the success of those
whom he believed best suited for public office. If
the people decided otherwise, Mr. Baldwin was willing to work with the material at hand, doing his utmost to assure "better luck next time." He did not
complain. He worked.
To sum up Mr. Baldwin's career by saying that he
was an all-around good man may seem common place,
but that expresses the deep sincere kindly feeling for
him among all classes, the average men of Hawaii.
His kind acts and philanthropies are more than any
one person knows. He has left behind him monu

102








^etWtpaptr anb    teriobital (extracts


ments in the form of kind deeds that make life worth
while, as well as great enterprises. And we are inclined to believe that in the former he satisfied his
ambitions, as the latter satisfied his love of work.


1o3








LETTERS OF SYMPATHY FROM
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS FRIENDS








tetters   of   pmnpatf)   from
3ersonal anb       ousinets jrienb 
HONOLULU, July I, 19 I.
M /Y DEAR MRS. BALDWIN: I hesitate even to
intrude upon your grief, but I want to say a
brief word.
I am sure that no one felt more sincerely the departure from this world of your dear husband than
I did.
I shall write an article in the Hawaiian Church
Chronicle about him which will go more deeply in
the matter of my appreciation of Mr. Baldwin, but
I want to say that my estimate of him was that he was
really a great man. In nothing did he show himself
greater than in the simplicity of his character.
Money, position made no difference with his heart
which to the loneliest old Hawaiian went out in a
grasp of the hand, a look into the eyes, and a real
aloha from his kindly heart.
Then came another mark of real greatness, humility. Firm, quick, farseeing, persevering in business
his humility sprang from his living in an everpresent
consciousness of responsibility to God. When I was
thanking him once he said, "Bishop, I am but trying
to act as a steward of God."
I think sometimes that after spending five hours in
a carriage with him from eight o'clock in the evening
105








xetters from Jrrienb%
to one o'clock in the morning at Maalaea Bay waiting
for the delayed Mauna Loa, that on some matters he
felt he could speak freely with me.
His Burial! It was the burial of a Kingl I shall
never forget the thousands who thronged and struggled to see his face for the last time. I sat where I
could see many a Japanese woman wipe her eyes
furtively with the sleeves of her kimona, or the Portuguese woman with the end of her scarf and the native sobbing in her handkerchief. But the men were
the same. Many a Hawaiian and white man did I
see go quickly outdoors and wipe his eyes.
It was a royal funeral because he had won their
hearts by interest in the every day life of the people.
It was not his wealth it was himself. But why go
on? I could write a volume.
No one ever died in these Islands who was so universally beloved.
Mr. Baldwin was spared to you many years. His
great accident might have made you a widow. Nol
He was spared for his work.
The separation is, of course, hard, but it is not for
very long. A life such as his is a proof of immortality. Not the flesh but the spirit impelled him in
his principles and actions.
But we are not left as guessers about life eternal.
Our Brother Jesus the Christ died and rose again,
and in Him the grave is made known as the gateway
to life. Your husband's splendid powers will find
ample and enlarged scope in work which God has for
him to do. In Paradise he works and rests. I look
forward with joyous expectation to the meeting.
Io6








Letters from  frienbs
Meanwhile may God send His Light to shine upon
him and prepare us for the meeting. There is no
reason because he is in Paradise that his name should
not be on our lips in prayer any more than if he were
in New York. He is in God's care. He will pray
for you, for all of us, and we can carry his name in
remembrance to God. Faithfully yours,
HENRY B. RESTARICK.


1o7








jrom      'anforb   D+. 1Bole
CASTINE, MAINE, October i6, I9 1I.
RT  O MRS. HENRY P. BALDWIN and her Family.
Dear Friends: When we left the train at
Drezden a few weeks ago, Mr. Fred Glade met us
with the sad news of the death of Mr. Baldwin. We
were not greatly surprised as we had previously had
disheartening information of his illness, yet it came
to me with the shock of personal bereavement and
with a vivid sense of the great loss his death had
brought to Hawaii.
In childhood he and I were playmates and schoolmates, and although we followed different kinds of
employment as we grew up, we met often and kept
alive the boyhood friendship. It was with admiration and pride that I noted his rapid and successful
progress in his chosen line of work. His fortitude in
the cruel accident which deprived him of his arm
many years ago lifted the veil that surrounds each
one's personality and showed him to us the hero that
he was. By his cheerful optimism and invincible
high spirit he reduced to the possible minimum what
seemed a heartbreaking calamity.
Perhaps no one can appreciate his public services
more than I. Of remarkable soundness of judgment,
he was a safe counsellor, and all the more so because
he would not give an opinion tentatively, but waited
until his mind was made up.
He had the attractive quality of looking on the
bright side of things. It was a cheerful optimism
that was an inspiration to many and was doubtless an
o08








Lietter% from Irienbs


important element in his own conspicuous success.
His innate modesty he held to the last; it was not
affected by his remarkable accomplishments in the
field of enterprise. Without any start in life but his
own character and such education as Hawaiian
schools afforded, he succeeded as few have done,
making the obstacles and difficulties that beset him
stepping stones to his progress, but no one could discover that this developed any pride or vanity in him;
he remained simple-hearted, accessible, and kind. I
like to think of his attractive disposition which was
the outcome of a generous and sympathetic heart, and
which won him so many friends and admirers. It
was his kindness and broad sympathy that was the
basis of his strong public spirit which has led him to
do so much for the Hawaiian Islands and especially
such great things for Maui.
I hardly know why I am writing these things to
you who know them so well; it is, I think, because I
must express in some way my admiration for him and
my appreciation of his work and influence in Hawaii.
I cannot forget his many kindnesses to me personally. The princely way he entertained me in 1896,
and provided for my tour of Maui, was, I feel, more,
much more, than mere courtesy to a public official.
Anna and I both prize most highly the memory
of our visit at Maluhia last year. To me it was a
most satisfying renewal of our friendship, affording
as it did a more intimate association with him than I
had had for a long time.
Please accept our sincerest sympathy for you all.
Sincerely,                   SANFORD B. DOLE.
o19








jrom    William     3,R Castle
HONOLULU, HAWAII, July 14, 1911.
D   EAR MRS. BALDWIN: Somehow, I always feel
as if it might be an intrusion to write to one who
has suffered such a loss as yours. Yet if no one wrote
or said a word the family friends might think people
were cold.
In Mr. Baldwin's death I too, feel a personal loss.
Though I did not see him often, yet whenever we did
meet I at least had a keen sense of pleasure. He was
always stimulating and that in the best way, for one
not only felt his intense energy and life, but there was
an absence of anything commonplace or selfish. He
rarely said anything of his inner life or of his generous plans for others, but somehow that part of him
animated and one became aware of the generous and
loyal nature, in a way which would be mysterious, if
it were not true that such a soul can not hide itself.
Once he said, not in these words, but I understood,
that he who possesses wealth, holds it not for himself
but that the world may be better.
My earliest acquaintance was at. Punahou, where
he was a "big boy." The "small boy" forms pretty
correct opinions of his elders, and I think we (small
boys) measured him pretty correctly. He was a
leader, and so continued thru life. He was the soul
of energy and perseverance and never anything but
full of truth and honor. We absolutely believed in
everything he did or said.


IIO








3Lettetr from jrienbl


We must all go when our time comes, but to me it
is a sad thought that he went before his time. If he
could only have lived to enjoy the fruits of his energy, it would have been a joy to you all, but not only
that, for his life was of the greatest value to all the
community.
Please do not feel that you must answer this, I
know how hard that is. It will be all right.
My wife joins me in love and sympathy to you all.
Most sincerely yours.     WILLIAM R. CASTLE.


Ill








from     CZarlee   3. Brown
CARROW HOUSE, NORWICH, ENGLAND.
August 17, I91.
M /Y DEAR MRS. BALDWIN: The sad news has
just reached me here of the death of your noble
husband. What a loss, What a loss  To you first of
all and most of all but to all the rest of us who knew
him and loved him and to the great causes to which
he has meant so much I
He was a prince among men and I count it a great
honor to have known him and to have been in his
home.
You have been greatly blessed in the love and companionship of such a man all these years and now in
this time of great bereavement you will be blessed by
Him who made you one with that comfort which
comes out of the unseen.
I desire to express to you my sincere sympathy to
you and to your children who are bereaved in the
death of so noble and affectionate a father. Ever
sincerely yours,            CHARLES R. BROWN.


112




I




lfrom    jl. late
SOUTH PASADENA, CALIFORNIA.
July 19, 19I1.
D   EAR MRS. BALDWIN: We have just learned
through the arrival today of a Honolulu paper
of the passing away of your dear husband, and the intelligence comes to us as a veritable personal loss.
Speaking for myself, I can truly say that my own
maturer life in all that goes to make one's life nobler
and purer in its aspirations and dealings with one's
fellow men has felt no influence, outside of that of my
own dear father, stronger than that of Mr. Baldwin's
honorable, unselfish, forceful, Christian character
and example. Many material benefits have come to
my wife and myself through the kindnesses shown
us during my eight years' business association with
him on Maui, as well as through his aid and influence during our five years' subsequent residence in
Honolulu, but more than all these do I value and
cherish the privilege which was mine of having lived
so long under the influence of his sterling character.
The merited tribute of universal respect by the
Honolulu business community on the day of the funeral touched me deeply, and shows that a career inspired by the lofty principles that were the springs
of Mr. Baldwin's activities does not fail to touch
and move the best that is in mankind and compel its
admiration.  Such a life, a priceless jewel to the


13








Letters from  frienbs


immediate family, is also of inestimable value to the
community in which it is lived, and is an incentive
whose wonderworking for good can not be calculated
and will never be known until the balance is struck
in the final reckoning of the deeds of men.
More than ever do Mrs. Laws and I prize now
the few moments of pleasant reminiscent intercourse
we had with you and Mr. Baldwin here in Pasadena
last winter.
We join in sincere and heartfelt sympathy for you
and your family in your bereavement. Sincerely
yours,                              H. LAWS.


114








from    Ctarlie itferep
HONOLULU, July I I, I9 I.
D   EAR SISTER EM: I was greatly distressed on
arriving by the Wilhelima this morning to hear
of dear Henry's death. I had hoped that the voyage
on the Honolulan might brace him up and his constitution would assert itself as it has before and he
would regain a certain portion of health, but it was
not to be.
Henry was the best friend I ever had. We have
been close friends all these thirty-eight years and I
mourn his loss as though he had been an own brother.
We are not likely to see another like him in this
country. He was indeed the "Father of Maui" as
the paper called him. All the natives called him
their "Matua" and in their troubles he was the one
they went to. In all these years I have never called
his attention to a person needing help but what he
gave it. He was a good man through and through
and could not be prevailed on to do anything against
his conscience.
The poor, the churches, the schools, the thousands
he has helped will feel his loss.
I cannot appreciate that he is really gone and I
shall see him no more. I have lost a brother and
more than a brother.
God bless you in your great sorrow and give you
strength. Your loving brother,
CHARLIE [DICKEY].


I5




I




from     m. J icoll
OLINDA, BRIDGE OF CALLY, SCOTLAND.
August i, 9I I.
M      Y DEAR MRS. BALDWIN: It was with very
deep regret that Kate and I learned by the last
mail that Mr. Baldwin had passed away on the eighth
of July. Since coming here we had been unable to
ascertain anything definite as to his condition, until
we heard, a short time ago, that he was going back to
Maui. We, of course did not know just what that
meant, but feared very much.
I can never forget Mr. Baldwin's kindness to me
when I went to Maui first, twenty-two years ago, and
during all these years it has been a pleasure to
work for one so considerate and honorable in all his
dealings.
It does not seem that Maui without M'r. Baldwin,
can ever be the same to me. And if, to an outsider,
the loss seems so great, what must it be to you and the
various members of your family?
I can imagine the anxiety and suffering you have
gone through so devotedly during the last months,
and to you especially and to each of the others we extend our heartfelt sympathy.
Our earnest hope is that God, who has sustained
you through all so far, will still be with you in the
days to come. Yours very sincerely, W. S. NICOLL.


nx6




I




from abe ~. jfemmng
KAWAOHAE, MAUI, July I, 191I.
D   EAR MRS. BALDWIN: For me to try to say
more than many others have said in expressing
their sympathy with you, is impossible. But while
some have lost a dear father, uncle, brother, or other
relation, as the case may be, it affects many others who
are not relatives, me among them.
Any young fellow starting out on a business life
could do no better, I have always considered, than to
study the life of Mr. Baldwin. Persevering, tactful,
resourceful, upright, untiring, and true, he at last put
himself at the very top of the list of business men in
this country; nor was he content, having once got
there, to drop out; but he maintained to the last the
leadership he had so well earned.
And his methods were so clean and "above board"
that I can honestly say that I have never heard a word
against his character. And how many others among
the business men in the country, those at the very top,
would be willing to have their records scanned carefully by the public? Very few, if any.
And again, his generosity. The poor, the cripple,
the orphan, or any other needy person never asked in
vain. Out of his much, he gave much; no one ever
lived closer to the dictates of his conscience on this
line than did Mr. Baldwin.
Mrs. Baldwin, I feel that I have lost besides an


117








Letterf from Jrienbo
employer who never spoke a harsh word to me, a
model after which to pattern my life if I wish it to be
successful in every way, and a friend. I never went to
him in trouble, because occasion never rose; but had
I done so, no one else would have done more for me,
for he helped every one who applied.
He has left us, and no one can be blamed for
mourning the loss; but we young fellows in having
had Mr. Baldwin's life before us, have just been
given that many more talents to handle; and just so
much more will be required of us. And he, having
left us, I am sure is just waiting on the other side to
be joined by the rest of his loved ones left here for a
while yet.
Mrs. Baldwin, you and all of your family have my
deepest sympathy-deeper than words can express.
Sincerely yours,             DAVE T. FLEMING.


ii8




I




.from   tit leper Settlmetnt
TOO    THE WIDOW, MRS. H. P. BALDWIN:
Greeting:
Whereas, the unexpected visit of the Angel of
Death has terminated the duration of the earthly life
of your most beloved husband, the Honorable H. P.
Baldwin; and
Whereas, the Honorable H. P. Baldwin, having
been a widely known charitable man throughout the
Territory of Hawaii, has done for us deeds of charity on numerous occasions in the past, and among
which, the Asylum, known as "Baldwin Home,"
Kalawao, exceeded all;
Therefore be it resolved, that we, inmates of Baldwin Home and victims of the dreaded scourge, are
persuaded by the everlasting departure of the great
philanthropist to express our deep sorrow and our
most tender feeling of respect for his memory.
Be it further resolved, that we ask permission to
join in your sorrow and to mourn together with him
on this bank of the "Black River;" and
Be it still further resolved, that copies of these resolutions be forwarded to the widow and to the newspapers.
We are sorrowfully yours,
A. S. KAHOOHALAHALA, Chairman
B. PALIKAPU
A. J. KAUHAIHAO, Committee.
Baldwin Home, Kalawao, July 21, 1911.


"I9




Printed at Cleveland, by
The Arthur H. Clark Company
I915








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