PHILADELPHIA,AND IT'S ENVIRONS-ADVERkYISER. DREXEL, MORGAN & CO., Broad and Wall Streets, NEW YORK. DREXEL I No. 34 SOUTH THIRD STREET, PHILA., BAN K E R S A N I) Dealers in Foreign Exchange, Government, State, Municipal, and Railroad Bonds, Stocks, and Gold. Issue Travelers' Letters-Credit, available throughout Europe. Interest allowed on Deposits. A BEAUTIFUL VOLUME.SCRAMBLEIB ADmONG TIKf AL1ES IDURING THIE I Y]EAEIS 1860-69. A Series of Graphic and Brilliant Slketches. PROFUSELY AND EXQUISITELY I LLU ST RAT ED. SECOND EDITION. One Volume. 8vo. Extra Cloth. Gilt. $2.50. ":Alpine adventure and scenery have never been better portrayed."-Phiadelohia Agre. "We cheerfully add, on our own part and with simple justice, that more beautifil, and at the same time faithful, Alpine wood-cuts have never yet appeared.... No preceding publication on the same subject surpasses it in general attractiveness, and we are disposed to say none equals it as the work of one man."-London A thenaum. * For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, upon receipt of the price by B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 715 & 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. ERSTABILISHED 1837. BAILEY'S Pure Rye Whisky, free from all injurious properties, and as a strictly pure article, recommend it to all delicate p s Manufacturers of DR. STWVER'S. Tonic Herb BITTERS, and Importers of Fine Wines, Brandies, and Gins. KNYDUM d eeMs I2I N. THIRD ST., PHILADELPHIA. A 0 I - I i 'e' ,4 DREXEL, HARJES & CO., 3i Boulevard Haussmann, PARIS. a a 0.7 persons. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-AD VVERTiSER. RGESTo Stock of Best Class Clothing. Varieties of Qualities and Colors. Assortment of Shapes and Sizes. Clothing Buildings in America. WANAMAKER & 0 ROWN'S m OKHALIL, PIK Xi Xi LPa 1, -x I zA-% -a The POPULARITY of this Immense Establishment is WORLD-WIDE. The SATISFACTION EXPRESSED by Purchasers is UNIVERSAL. The PROMINENT FEATURE of this Great Enterprise is RELIABILITY. The ADVANTAGE afforded Purchasers is the GREAT SAVING of MONEY, in purchasing Excellent Clothing at prices far less than other houses charge for inferior goods. WANAMAKER & BROWN, Clothiers to the People of America, Samples, with Diagram for self-measurement, sent by mail to any address on application. Samples, with Diagram for self-measurement, sent by mail to any address on application. ' V E - y FIRST'PREMIUMS,9 INCLUDING THE-VIENNA MEDAL, AWARDED TO DUVAL & HUNTER, General and Commercial Lithographers 716,-718, 720, and 722 Filbert PHILADEILPHIA. 11i T H E L THE THE THE THE LARGEST LARGEST LARGEST LARGEST -&.:I'D ,,, Street, PHILADELPHIA AND IT7'S ENVIR ONS-AD VL'ER TISE.R. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA. Market St., west of Seventeenth, PHILADELPHIA. The College comprises THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL, designed for Students who may not prefer a professional course in one of the industrial arts, and who yet wish to avail themselves of the privileges of the College instruction and discipline, and FIVE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, for Professional Students, viz.: THE SCHOOL OF MINES: designed to impart a thoroughly scientific and practical education iil Mine Engineering, and in the best methods of determining the value of Mineral Lands, and of analyzing and manufacturing Mine products THE SCHOOL OF PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY: for Class Instruction and for special Laboratory Instruction, and designed to afford facilities for acquiring a thorough knowledge of Chemistry, which shall equal in appointments, cheapness, and thoroughness those of European Laboratories. 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"' The editor of Lippincotts 3fagazine is not only one of the most aceomplished historical scholars of the country, but one of its mnost eulttisated men in the fteld of general literature. Taste and knowledge are equally evident in the editorship.-BO1TON G LOIS F. vi PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-AD VER7YYSER. SRRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER, EETAIL DRY GOODS AT WHOLESALE PRICES, N. W. COR. EIGHTH AND MARKET STREETS, rPHIL.ADEL~HIA. S'I'RAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER, DRY GOODS AT WHOLESALE PRICES, N. W. COR. EIGHTH AND MARKET STREETS, (HILADEL~HIA. STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTHIER, Im:mTAIL DRY GOODS AT WHOLESALE PRICES, N. WV. COR. EIGHTH AND MARKET STREETS, (PrIIL-40EL(~HI4. v -t 8 i t, f4 ti -',,I'} 4f PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIR ONS-AD VERA'TISER. SECU'RITY FROM LOSS BY ROBBERY, FIRE, OR ACCIDENT. The Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Company, of Philadelphia. In their new marble fire-proof building, 3?9 and 331 Chestnut St. General Capital, $i,ooo,ooo, Full Paid. 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CHARLES F. HASELTINE, I 10 g!65O$tn!Ljt St~,, IMPORTER OF THE Music, and Periodical Store, I ALSO Agent for the United States for BRAUN'S AUTOTYPES. BOOK AND PHILADELPHIA AND ITS FNVIRONS-ADVERTISER. 4'; JEEERS,t ] y E W E L E RI S. CHESTNUT AND TWELFTH STREETS, IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN D]iamonds and all Procia0l Stones, FINE WATCHES, REAL BRONZES, FRENCH CLOCKS, FANCY GOODS, SILVER WARE, FINE PLATED WARE, ETC. LARGE ASSORTMENT, FINE GOODS, Low PRICES. 8pecial Affention given to Repairing Watches and dewelry. We take great pleasure in extending a cordial invitation to visit and inspect our establishment. BAI LIY&I viii AL&C im - 47 1' I. i I L-$ F N NA P ~~~~~~~~~4 N J ~ N F~~' i I I~~~~~~~4h~t .-, , -- -:.:71 c- 1 -I -' c-. -,j 11 _,'n, - , I' I ii 1 l, 1 ("I, I '?, l "/,'I' [! A,, *. I f I I Al I 9 L L ,-F t 10 "I i I, — PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIPO NSI pHILADELPHIA, the second city in the Union in -=_I point of population, and the largest in area, was laid out by William Penn in I682. The site was chosen by him because, as he says, " It seemed appointed for a town, because of its coves, docks, visitor now wonders where all these primeval advantages springs, and lofty land." The visitor now wonders where all these primeval advantages could have been. The Indian name of the place was "Co-a-que-na-que," or "Coaquanock." The original town-plot, as we gather from history, was a plain, nearly level, and high enough to make it dry and healthful. A few streams of water crossed parts of it, and there were a few hills and ravines, all of which disappeared long ago. The original plan of the city contained nine streets running from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, crossed by twenty-one running north and south. In the centre was a square of ten acres, and in each quarter of the city one of eight acres, for public promenades and athletic exercises. This plan, so far as the arrangement of the streets is concerned, is stil substantially adhered to. -- mg l fo rt (1) PHILAADELPHIA ANzD ITS ENVIR ONS. The streets running east and west were, with the exception of High Street, named after native trees. They were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High, Chesnut (sic), Walnut, Spruce, Pine, and Cedar. Of these, Sassafras and Mulberry are now called Race and Arch, High is Market, and Cedar, South Street. The streets intersecting these were numbered from each river to Broad Street, which, in the original plan, was in the middle of the plot, the western series being distinguished by the' clumsy affix of "Schuylkill," as "Schuylkill Front," "Schuylkill Second," etc., until a comparatively recent period, when their nomenclature was reconstructed on more euphonious principles. The city proper was confined within these narrow limits from the date of its incorporation by Penn, in I70I, until 1854, when the Legislature, commiserating its overcrowded condition,wedged in, as it was, among its lusty children, Kensington, Germantown, Northern Liberties, MADISON SQUARE. West Philadelphia, Southwark, and the rest,-took them all in at one grasp, and incorporated the whole County of Philadelphia,-a territory twenty-three miles long and averaging five and a half broad, having an area of one hundred and twenty square miles. The city has now plenty of elbow-room, and permission to grow as fast and as large as it pleases; a privilege of which it is not slow to take advantage, as the hundreds of building-permits issued monthly, and the solid squares of dwellings rising simultaneously from the ground on all the outskirts, bear ample testimony. The original city, with its crowded buildings and noisy streets, is fast yielding to the demands of commerce. The vicinity of the spot where it was begun,-Front Street, from Walnut to Arch,-though bustling and noisy enough during business hours, is a perfect desolation after x o'clock, and the thousands who throng there all day long are miles away, resting, most of , in comfortable homes, with plenty of living-room about them. There is no swarming 2 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS EANVIRONS. in tenement houses, whole villages under one roof, and large families in one room, as in New York. The advancing tide of commerce and trade, ever surging westward from the Delaware, has already swept over Broad Street in the centre of the city, driving the dwellings of the people before it. Market Street is lined with shops and warehouses from river to river; Chestnut is invaded as far as Fifteenth Street, and Arch beyond Tenth; while north and south traffic extends, on certain streets, to the limits of the built-up city. This disposition to give her citizens comfortable homes is Philadelphia's greatest pride and glory. With a population less than that of New York, she has more houses. The poorest of the poor are scarcely compelled to live in quarters too small for them, and every mechanic can have a house to himself on payment of a moderate rental. Madison Square and St. Alban's Place, on Gray's Ferry Road, are instances of what can be ST. ALBAN S PLACE. done toward providing tasteful homes for the people. In each, two rows of houses, moderate in size, but built with an eye to substantial comfort, face each other across a wide street, which, however, is not designed for carriages. All down the middle of it stretches a miniature park, where flowers bloom and fountains sparkle, and on either side of it there is ample room for children to play and adults to pass. The families move in and the marketing is sent home through alleys at the back of the houses, leaving the street in front to serve as a common garden for the dwellers on its borders. This is a recent improvement upon the former style of buildings of this class, and one for which the city is indebted to C. M. S. Leslie, whose name deserves to be recorded as that of a public benefactor. But, as we have remarked above, the plan of the city, as it existed in the mind of its founder, contemplated an abundance of room; and this is the legitimate outgrowth of Penn's idea, 3 PHILADE~LPHIA AND ITS EAVVIR ONS. which has never been permitted to die out entirely. His magnificent Centre Square shrank, indeed, to the comparatively diminutive Penn Squares, and even these have been recently stripped of their trees, in preparation for the splendid municipal building about to be erected at the intersection of Broad and Market Streets; but these same Broad and Market Streets retain their pristine width; the former of II3 feet, the latter of Ioo. The four squares in the four quarters of the city are still in existence, and, though long condemned to obscurity and neglect, they are now restored, and fulfilling their intended mission as "the lungs of the city." Washington Square is at Sixth and Walnut Streets; close beside what was once the' StateHouse Yard, now called Independence Square, in grateful remembrance that in it liberty was first proclaimed to the people. Washington Square was once a "Potter's field." Many soldiers, victims of the smallpox and camp fever, were buried here during the Revolution. The ground under the waving trees and springing grass, where the birds sing and the children play, is literally "full of dead men's bones," but the grass is no less green, the sunshine no less bright, on that account, and the dead sleep none the less peacefully, for the life above them. "The knights' bones are dust, And their swords are rust; Their souls are with the saints, we trust." At Eighteenth and Walnut Streets is Rittenhouse Square, and at Eighteenth and Race is Logan Square, the site of the great Sanitary Fair in I864, when the entire square was roofed over and boarded up, the trunks of the trees standing as pillars in the aisles of the huge building, and their branches waving far above the roof. Franklin Square, at Sixth and Race, also long used as a burying-ground, completes the original number, and is rendered more attractive than the others by a large fountain, which plays daily during the summer. These, with the addition of Independence Square, are the most important in the city; but there are about half a dozen smaller ones in different sections, and we must devote a separate chapter to that grand breathing-place, Fairmount Park,-a resort unsurpassed in America. Penn first set foot on the site of his fiuture city at the "Blue Anchor Landing," at the mouth of Dock Creek, in the vi i___~~~ ~cinity of what is now the = = = A== X ___ ^ corner of Front and Dock , ______. Streets; where stood the. ...'. —~== ~.:_-_ -_=_ "Blue Anchor Tavern," PHILAELPHI ASPNNFR.' ~the first house bu ilt within If' -i~1,E:d.._:....... L the ancient limits of the. 1. [!ff ~ fff fcity. Then, and long afte r ward s, Dock Cre ek iwas a considerable stream; Penn ______ ~~~~~~~~counted on it to furnish a natural canal to the heart of the town, and it was used for that purpose at first, PHILADELPHIA AS PENN FIRST SAW IT. THE BLUE ANCHOR Lbut the water became so offensive, and the mud and washings of the city, which the current was too sluggish to remove, filled it up so rapidly, that it was finally arched over, and wagons now run where boats formerly floated, and the visitor to the venerable Girard Bank, on Third Street, below Chestnut, sees little to remind him that 4 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ~NVIRONS. on the site of this stately pile a sloop, "loaded with rum from Barbadoes," once lay and discharged her cargo. And this explains the anomaly of the winding Dock Street in the midst of the primly-drawn right lines of the ancient town: the street was constructed over a winding creek. The Blue Anchor Tavern was the beginning of Philadelphia, but other houses were in progress before it was finished; Front Street was soon opened, and building followed its line. The first winter was passed by many of the inhabitants in caves dug in the river-bank, they having no time to build houses before the coming of cold weather. Log houses, however, soon became numerous enough to shelter all the people; and the growth of the city, beginning thus on the Delaware, pushed gradually north, south, and west, until it became what we now see it. Dock Creek, as we have seen, was obliterated. "Society Hill," in the neighborhood of Front and Pine, where Alderman Plumstead had his hanging-garden, and Whitefield, at a later day, preached to fifteen thousand people, was razed, as was also the high bluff on the Delaware bank which Penn was so anxious to preserve as a public promenade forever, ordering that no houses should be built east of Front Street. All that remains of the bluff is an occasional flight of stairs leading up from Water to Front Street. Arch Street was sunk so low in a ravine that Front Street crossed it by an arched bridge, whence it derived its name; but bridge and ravine are both gone now. So is the Duck Pond at Fourth and Market, into which the tide flowed, and in which boys caught fish that had found their way there from the Delaware; and so is Pegg's Run, once a considerable stream running from a spring in Spring Garden Street, near Sixth (whence the name of the former), through a marsh, to its junction with the Delaware, in the neighborhood of Noble Street. All these were once landmarks, but the present generation scarcely knows their names. THE STREETS. PHILADELPHIA grew too fast and in too many directions at once, to permit either its business or its objects of interest to be collected in one quarter, or to follow a uniform line of position. The stranger visiting the city cannot walk up town, guide-book in hand, and see all that is to be seen, in a morning walk; nor can we direct him how to gather all the attractive points in a single route. The best we can do is to give him an idea of the arrangement of the streets, and tell him where the points he will probably wish to see are located. Our map will then enable him to find them easily. All the streets running north and south are numibered from a base-line which is best described by saying that it is one square east of Front Street. In the original city, this is the Delaware; but the stream curves both above and below these limits, and so streets east of that line are found in Kensington, Richmond, Southwark, and other parts of the present city. The houses are numbered alternately,-even numbers on the south side of the street, odd numbers on the north. Front Street being No. I, the house next west of it is No. IOO. At Second Street, though the first Ioo is not exhausted, a second series begins; and in this way one can always tell between what north-and-south-running streets he is. If the number of the nearest house is 836, for instance, he knows that Eighth Street is east of him, and that the next street west is Ninth. The regular succession of the numbered streets is interfered with in the vicinity of the Schuylkill by the winding course of that stream, which at Market Street causes a hiatus from Twenty-third to Thirtieth Streets. As, however, Thirtieth Street follows the western bank of the river, it forms a convenient means of distinguishing the location of a given address, as 5 PHILADEL~PHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. everything west of Thirtieth Street (and consequently, all houses numbered over 3000, in this direction) must be in West Philadelphia. Some unimportant exceptions to the rule just stated may be noticed in the way of named streets running north and south; but there are few; and being, with the exception of Franklin Street, and perhaps one or two others, little better than alleys, they are not likely to mislead the visitor. But there are no exceptions to the rule that all streets running east and west have names, instead of numbers. VIEW ON MARKET STREET. Market Street is always considered as a point ot departure in reckoning these streets. It is, indeed, the base-line of the city. From it tbe houses are numbered north and south, and it is the grand business centre,-the great artery, lying in the middle of the body corporate, and sending its streams of human and commercial life to all parts, not only of the metropolis, but of the State. This was the "High Street" of Penn and his successors, and its magnificent width was first made available to accommodate a line of market-houses which the founders of the place early provided for. The encroachments of commerce swept these out of existence long ago, but not until they had given the street its new name. It is one 6 PHILAD~LPHIA AND ITS ENVIRzONS. hundred feet wide, and, like Broad, runs in a perfectly straight line from one side of the city to the other. As in the streets running east and west, so in those running north and south, the houses are numbered alternately, even numbers on the west, odd numbers on the east; and certain streets are designated as boundaries of the hundreds; for, when the city came to be closely built up, it was found that Penn's magnificent plan was on too grand a scale for practical purposes, and what might be termed intercalary streets had to be introduced. Another reason for these intermediate streets is that, as the city grew beyond its pristine limits, it became necessary to deflect the streets from a right line in order to accommodate them to the ground to be covered, as its shape was determined by the curving banks of the two rivers; and still another reason may be found in the failure of those who laid out the suburbs before mentioned to foresee the day when their infant colonies would be swallowed up by the young giant in their midst. They never expected them to be made part of Philadelphia, and saw no reason why their streets should conform to others just starting two or three miles away. After all, though, the streets forming the "even hundreds" are, with few exceptions, the principal ones, and are easily recognized, even without the assistance of the lists which may be obtained at any hotel. A few notable exceptions to the rectangular plan of the streets stretch away from the original town-plot, crossing lots as recklessly as if made by schoolboys impatiently taking the nearest way to chestnut-grove or huckleberry-patch, in the far-away past, and leading to the very confines of the city. These are the remains of highways built to connect Philadelphia with the outlying towns around her. They were formerly called roads; and even now, though polite usage styles them "avenues," the homely phrase of the common folk clings to the old title, and it will be long before "Ridge Avenue" will be as familiar to the genuine Philadelphian as the "Ridge Road" of his boyhood. There is a local pride in keeping up the old names, a certain home feeling, a familiarity born of old associations, which one does not willingly surrender. "Ridge Avenue" has a grandiloquent sound, well calculated to tickle the ears of "outside barbarians," and quite good enough for them; but what do they know about "Ridge Road"? "Ridge Avenue" leads to Manayunk and the valley of the Schuylkill, but "Ridge Road," or its still dearer form, "the Ridge," leads back into the recesses of every true Philadelphian's memory. Think you he will easily vacate this highway to the past? Another of these historic avenues leads to Germantown; one goes to Frankford; another to Darby; Passyunk Avenue starts from South below Fifth, and runs southwest to Point Breeze; while others, again, are to be found in different parts of the city, running in all imaginable directions, as they were located by and for the public convenience. RELICS OF THE PAST. PHILADELPHIA might with propriety be termed the Historical City of the Union, as it contains more souvenirs of our early history than any other. The oldest of these relics of antiquity, or what passes for antiquity in this emphatically ANew World, is the Old Swedes' Church, in Southwark, the ancient Wicaco. This venerable edifice was built in 1700, to take the place of a log structure which was erected in 1677 and served equally well for church or fort, as the exigencies of those somewhat uncertain times might demand. The present church is of brick, and is still regularly used. It stands in a cemetery where gravestones of all dates, from I7oo00, and the years immediately following, down to yesterday, may be seen; though most of the oldest stones are so weather 7 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRON.S. worn that their inscriptions are partially or completely illegible. The building stands on Swanson Street, below Christian, but looks toward Otsego Street, from which it is reached by passing through the cemetery. Visitors can take Second and Third Street cars to Christian. Another relic, whose genuineness is established by Watson in his "Annals," is Penn's cottage in Letitia Street, a small street running from Market to Chestnut, between Front and Second. This house was built for Penn's use, probably before his arrival in the settlement, and has, curiously enough, withstood the march of improvement which has swept away many more pretentious structures. It is a little two-story brick house, on the west side of the street, a few doors south of Market, and is now the "William Penn Hotel." A few steps from this, on the southwest corner of Front and Market Streets, is a small brick house, whose unique appearance attracts one's attention even before he knows that there is anything remarkable about it. It is now used as a tobacco-store; but a hundred years ago it was the celebrated "London Coffee-House," where all the dignitaries of the city were accustomed to meet and-oh, primeval simplicity!-fill the exhilarating cup, and pledge each other in-piping hot coffee. No stronger drink was sold there. The house was built in I702, and was used as a dwelling-house for the first fifty years of its existence. No. 239 Arch Street, though a more modern building, is also noticeable as the place where the first American flag was made. On Second Street, north of Market, stands Christ Church, on the site of the first church erected by the followers of Penn. Tradition says that the frame church built by them in I695 was used as a place of worship until the walls of the new building inclosed it and were roofed over, when the old church was taken down and carried out piecemeal. The present edifice was begun in I727, and finished by the raising of the steeple in I753-4. It is a solemn old place,-just the spot for one to think in and recall the many associations connected with it. The noisy street in front was quiet enough when the builders of this church walked solemnly to meeting on the Sabbath. It was grand enough, too, when Washington's gorgeous chariot, drawn by four elegant long-tailed bays; drew up before the church, and its stately master stepped inside through a waiting crowd of his admiring countrymen. The marble slabs in the yard have been worn smooth by the feet of those whom our country delights to honor. In the aisles are buried John Penn, Dr. Richard Peters, Robert Asheton, and many others, great men in their day, but all forgotten now. The bells in this high tower are said to be the oldest on this side of the Atlantic,-certainly the oldest chime. They joined in the paean with which the State-House bell announced the birth of Liberty, and fled, like many of the congregation that worshiped below them, when it became evident that the city could not hold out against the enemy; but, like the congregation, they returned when the enemy was gone, and were not a whit disheartened by their exile. These bells, eight in number, were cast in London. Their leader, the tenor, says, "Christ Church, Philadelphia, I754. Thomas Lester and Thomas Peck, of London, made us all." They were brought over, free of charge, by Captain Budden, in the ship "Myrtilla," and never failed thereafter to ring a joyous welcome whenever the captain's ship was seen coming up the river. One was cracked about I834-5 and returned to its birthplace, White Chapel Bell Foundry, where Thomas Mears, the successor of Messrs. Lester and Peck, recast it and sent it back with an appropriate inscription. A tablet in the ringers' room records the fact that "On Sunday, June 9, I850, was rung in this Steeple Mr. Holt's celebrated ten-part peal of Grandsire triples, consisting of 5040 changes, in 3 hours and I5 minutes, by [eight performers], being the first peal of change-ringing ever performed in the United States." The massive timbers which uphold these bells are as sound as when put in, a century ago, and look as if they were good for another century, at least. The steeple of this church is one hundred and ninety-six feet in height, and the view from s PHILADEL PHIA AND ITS ENVIRON S. the outlook, which is probably one hundred and fifty feet from the ground, is beautiful enough to repay visitors for all the risk they run of cracked crowns and broken necks in ascending the dark and tortuous stairs. The Delaware, with its puffing steamers and white-sailed ships, lies almost at the feet of the spectator, and is spread like a panorama for miles and miles. Away to the south a gleaming line indicates the junction of the two rivers, at League Island. Nearer the eye, the masts of Uncle Sam's big ships at the Navy Yard are displayed; ferry-boats steam steadily across the river; and restless tugs ply up and down, convoying vessels a dozen times their size, or dash about in search of a tow; all the wharves are crowded with vessels of all sizes, from the great ocean steamer to the diminutive "tub," and all the river is white with arriving and departing sails. Smith's and Windmill Islands lie in midstream almost opposite, and Petty's Island lies a short distance above. Near it a cloud of dust and a forest of masts mark the great coal-shipping port of the Reading Railroad, at Richmond; and beyond the river ripples and sparkles until lost in the hazy distance. Across the river are Camden and Gloucester, and behind them the level sands of New Jersey stretch away, so flat and unbroken by anything that would obstruct the vision that it requires no great stretch of the imagination to believe that with a glass of moderate power one might see the waves of the Atlantic, sixty miles away as the crow flies. Inland, the eye ranges over the entire city, from League Island on the south, to and beyond Germantown, on the north, and from the Delaware to points far west of the Schuylkill. Second Street, the longest built-up street in the city, runs straight as an arrow to the northward, until its course is lost among the trees in the suburbs. Dozens of church spires rise into the air, the tall white stand-pipe of the Kensington Water-works standing conspicuous among them on the Delaware side of the city, matched by that of the Twenty-fourth Ward Works on the west side of the Schuylkill. To the northwest, Girard College stands boldly out; the Moorish dome of the Broad Street Jewish Synagogue rises south of it; and almost due west of the spectator the massive bulk of the Masonic Temple, and the graceful spires, brown and white, of the churches at Broad and Arch, mark the spot which is destined to contain, in the near future, a collection of architectural triumphs unrivaled in the city. Bits of green, set here and there among the crowding houses, indicate the public squares; and beyond all the eye rests delighted on the leafy richness of Fairmount Park and of the open country in the suburbs. Nor must we overlook a small street opening into Second Street, directly opposite the church, and a tall block of warehouses closing up its eastern end; for these were Stephen Girard's stores and houses, and all the land about them belonged to him. Christ Church belongs to the Protestant Episcopal denomination. Two services are held in it on Sunday, and it is open for prayers on Wednesday and Friday at I I A.M., at which times it may be visited. The great elm-tree under which William Penn made his famous treaty with the Indians was at Shackamaxon (now Kensington),-a name still preserved in the nomenclature of the streets in that vicinity. The silent witness of "the only treaty ever ratified without an oath, and the only one never broken," stood for more than a century. It was a favorite resort in summer time; the citizens sat under its branches, and whole congregations worshiped in its shade; but in I8IO it was blown down, and nothing now remains to mark the place where it stood but an insignificant monument, which none but a sharp eye can discover. It stands on the east side of Beach Street, a few steps north of Hanover (which is marked Columbia Street on most maps). A large sign, "Penn Treaty Marine Railway," hangs almost directly over the spot, and is the surest guide to it. The visitor who has imbibed the popular fallacy that the streets of Philadelphia are straight, and cross each other at right angles, has only to visit Kensington to be thoroughly and permanently cured of that idea. If he can make his way, unassisted, from any business centre to the site of the famous Treaty Tree, without becoming hopelessly bewildered, he will do for a backwoodsman. All others should take the Second and Third Street cars to Hanover Street. They will then have but one square to walk. 9 PHILADELPH~A AND ITS EN VIR ONS. The stone, which is not noticeable from across the street, stands in an inclosure just large enough to hold it, in the midst of stone and lumber yards, and in the shade of a tall elm which may possibly be a lineal descendant of the one whose site it shades. An interesting relic of our early history, and one whose disappearance every true Philadel phian must regret, was Penn's Mansion, the "Old A s'~~Slate-Roof House,"-so called because at the time it l l _ was built it was the only structure covered with that - ____ material in the city. This house, which stood on Second Street, below Chestnut, was built by Samuel :=._R_Yo_UD Carpenter, at a very early date, and was used as a OF _________~~~~ IP —residence by Penn on the occasion of his second visit = _____ AND THE __ to this country, in I700, at which time he brought his INDIAN NATION -?~ — =6_82___ _6 family with him. Here John Penn, the only member -_ LUNBROKEN FAIT" r of the family born on American soil, and called for __, _::_ aj- that reason "the American," was born, one month after the arrival of the family. Here Governor Lloyd, one of Penn's companions, a descendant —according to tradition-of Meric, who bore one of the four By! ~ Adz -- golden shields before Arthur when he was crowned -: %~~~ ~king at Caerleon, himself the heir to great estates, THE -PENN TRkEATY MIONUM'ENT'. and an early deputy-governor of Pennsylvania, was a frequent visitor. Here Isaac Norris, the first of a still honorable house, and Isaac his son and successor in the Speakership of the Provincial Assembly, were frequent guests. Here, in later times, General Forbes, Braddock's successor, died; and still later, General Harry Lee was also buried from the house, while Washington, Hancock, Reed, Dickinson, the elder Adams, and their contemporaries often honored the old mansion by their presence. Afterwards its glory departed. It sank lower and lower in the scale of respectability, until THE OLD SLATE-ROOF HOUSE. at last, having become a mere shell and hollow mockery of its former greatness, it was torn down, in I867, to make room for the splendid building of the Commercial Exchange, which stands on its site. IO PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. On the south side of Chestnut Street, about midway between Third and Fourth Streets, an iron railing guards the passage-way to a building which deserves more than any other the proud title of the Cradle of American Independence. It is Carpenters' Hall, the place where, I _ ____ x~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' INDEPENDENCE HALL. as an inscription on the wall proudly testifies, "Henry, Hancock, and Adams inspired the Delegates of the Colonies with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils of War;" the place where the first Continental Congress met, and where the famous "first prayer in Congress" was delivered by Parson Duch6 on the morning after the news of the bombardment of Boston had been received, and men knew that the war was indeed "inevitable." The old man's prayer brought I I PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIR ONS. tears to the eyes of even the grave and passionless Quakers who were present, and the voices which had opposed the proposition to open the sessions of Congress with prayer were never raised for that purpose again. Here the first Provincial Assembly held its sittings, to be ____ ~~~~~~~~~~~ "I~~~1 ~4 F, jil _ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T _ II~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L ____ ~~~~~~~~~~'~ ~ ~ ~ T _________ _____ _____ _____til succeeded by the Blritish troops, and afterwards by the first United States l3ank, and still later by the Bank of Pennsylvania. Built in I770, Carpenters' Hall was at first intended only for the uses of the Society of Carpenters, by whom it was founded. Its central location, however, caused it to be used for the meetings of delegates to the Continental Congress, and for other public purposes; and when no longer needed for these, it passed from tenant to tenant, until it degenerated into an auction room. Then the Company of Carpenters, taking patriotic counsel, resumed control of it, fitted I2 PHILA4DELPHI4 A4ND ITS EzVVIRONS. it up to represent as nearly as might be its appearance in Revolutionary days, and now keeps it as a sacred relic. The walls are hung with interesting mementos of the times that tried men's souls. The door is always open to the patriotic visitor. Little need be said of Independence Hall, for it is known wherever America herself is known, and its history is a familiar one to every schoolboy. Commenced in I729, and completed in 1735, the State-House is most intimately associated in the American mind with the date 1776. In the east room of the main building (Independence Hall proper) the second Continental Congress met, and there, on the 4th of July, I776, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and from the steps leading into Independence Square, then the State-House Yard, it was read to the multitude assembled by the joyful pealing of the bell overhead,-the same bell which now, cracked and useless, but with its grand, prophetic motto still intact, rests in state in the entrance hall. And in Congress Hall, in the second story, Washington delivered his farewell address. Independence Hall is preserved as befits the glorious deed that was done in it. The furniture is the same as that used by Congress; portraits of our country's heroes crowd the walls, and relics of our early history are everywhere. The building stands on the south side of Chestnut Street, between Fifth and Sixth. The three isolated buildings which stood here in 1776 are now connected, others having been built in the spaces between them, and the entire square is now used for court-rooms and offices connected with them, and has a local reputation as "State-House Row." It is, however, proposed to restore the buildings as nearly as possible to their original condition before the Centennial Anniversary. Visitors are admitted to Independence Hall between 9 A.M. and 4 P.M. daily. The Superintendent will, on application, furnish tickets admitting the bearer to the steeple, from _ which a sple n did p anoramic view of the entire city can be had. Th e wid e sidewalk in fron t of StateHouse Row is p aved with slate, which forms an admirable p ave ment, and is ornamented wit h trees. Two drinkiig- ifountains represent one of Philadelphia's noble st charities, and a statue of Washingto n gua rd s the place whose memory is s o i ns eparably linked with his own. Still another memento connecte d with the Declaration of Independence exists. ", J",! t It is, or, rather, was, " Hiltzheimer's Newii House," once Jefferson's boardinghouse,? L-:[ and the place where he wrote the im-,t l mortal Declaration. It is a plain, threestory brick building, on the southwest " corner of Seventh and Market Streets. The lower floor is now a clothing depot, and the upper ones are used for various.ijA~44....... business purposes. FRANKL,IN%S GRAVE. Another shrine which the patriotic pilgrim will not fail to visit is Franklin's grave. It is in the graveyard of Christ Church, on the corner of Fifth and Arch. A section of iron railing in the brick wall on Arch Street permits the visitor to look upon the plain slab which, in accordance with Franklin's wishes, covers all that remains of the philosopher-statesman and his wife. I 3 Pat AILDEL PIZA A4VD ITS EzVIR ONS. MARKET STREET. MARKET STREET, from river to river, is the grand entreiol of inland and foreign commerce. Its magnificent width affords ample room and great facilities for the moving of heavy goods; railway tracks are laid down in it, running directly into numerous depots and warehouses, and whole cargoes of merchandise are thus daily sent from the warehouse direct to distant points. VIEW ON MARKET STREET-J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. S PUBLISHING HOUSE. A walk along this street shows many fine buildings, but few of special note. We have already alluded to the Old London Coffee-House, on the corner of Front and Market; to Penn's House, in Letitia Street, and to Christ Church, in Second Street, above Market. Second Street presents in itself a peculiar feature of the city, which the visitor should not fail to see. It is to Philadelphia what the Bowery is to New York. Of great length, and 14 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. running in an almost undeviatingly straight line from the northern to the southern portions of the city, it is lined with miles of retail stores of the humbler class, placed with a most supreme disregard for the fitness of things. Hardware, clothing, grocery, confectionery, dry-goods, and almost every other conceivable species of store, follow each other with as little regularity as the scenes in a kaleidoscope; and mingled with them, as if to make the variety as complete as possible, are a few wholesale houses, two or three "museums" and "menageries," and the omnipresent beer-saloons. But, interesting though Second Street is, we cannot linger long here, but must return to the busy, bustling scenes of Market Street. Of the many large business houses on this street, we make special mention of the establishments of Garden & Co., extensive dealers in hats, whose tall white building is a conspicuous object on Market above Sixth, and that of J. B. Lippincott & Co., one of the largest publishing houses in the world. This establishment is older J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.'S PRINTING-OFFICE AND PINI)ERY. than the present century, and has risen with the city, from a small beginning to its present mammoth proportions. Their Printing-Office and Bindery, on Filbert Street, in the rear of the store, is one of the largest and most substantial buildings in the city. The new mammoth dry-goods establishment of Hood, Bonbright & Co., on Market Street, above Eighth, is also worthy of special notice. A good hotel, at a moderate price, will be found in the Bingham House, the third in size in the city. This house is on the corner of Eleventh and Market, and, as shown in the cut, covers a great extent of ground. The square of ground opposite the Bingham House, and bounded by Chestnut, Market, Eleventh and Twelfth, is one of the monuments of Philadelphia's most munificent benefactor, Stephen Girard. This gentleman left the whole of his enormous wealth to the city of Phila I5 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIR'ONS. delphia, excepting some minor bequests, amounting, in the aggregate, to between three and four hundred thousand dollars. The best known of the trusts established by Mr. Girard's will is the celebrated Girard College, spoken of in another place. Another was the square of ground above described, which is now covered with buildings, and thus tends by its rentals to reduce materially the city taxes. Another princely bequest of Mr. Girard's was about eighteen thousand acres of coal and timber lands in Schuylkill and Columbia Counties. Of this territory it is estimated that five thousand five hundred acres is coal land. With the exception of a small amount mined by Stephen Girard himself, very early in the history of coal-mining, these magnificent deposits were untouched until I863, when they were developed, and found to be among /=_ _:the best anthracite coal lands in the State. There are now eleven collieries ---— __ ____~_ _ _ ~ Ad- located on the Girard lands, producing ____N1.-=.,. i_-__. _ _ _ _________~~ F i t!__ five huniidred thousand tons of coal an nually. ....=1__-___ -_____,1iiR' aMr. Girard also bequeathed to the ___~!., n''~"' _ city four thousand seven hundred and seventy-five acres of land in what is =_:_ _~ I"' now Hart County, Kentucky; and this :___ has also proved a source of revenue. Immediately opposite a portion of the Girard Square, on the northeast corner of Twelfth and Market, is a huge build ing known as the "Farmers' Market." L__ [I I~l i~- This was built by the associated farmers, ! i__ jwho, considering themselves aggrieved .... by the manner in which the public mar!!( l!! ( I~l h'<"Y nL11,< ]1o<~kets were conducted, resolved to build I 1111111 a house for t hemselves; and we cannot regret the quarrel, since it has given us Mi wl l!l.l......... this fine and convenient building. [ ['i II II I Two other market-houses, similarly constructed, are situated farther west _-__-' I on this street. The extensive Freight Depot of the:~ ~!~~~~'&~ ~'~~~~ _ Pennsylvania Railroad Co. is located at - Thirteenth and Market, and that of the West Chester Railroad at Eighteenth hOOD, BONBRIGHT & CO.'S DRY-GOODS HOUSE. and Market. Extensive gas works are situated at Twenty-third and Market. The Market Street Bridge, a commodious but unsightly structure, does good service inr transporting goods and passengers to the western division of the city. All the merchandise, and nearly all the passengers for the Pennsylvania Railroad and its numerous branches must cross this bridge; having done which, they speedily arrive at the company's two depots, occupying the square on the north side of Market, between Thirty-first and Thirtysecond. Market Street is fast pushing its way westward. Already its line of horse-cars runs to Fortyfirst Street, while a branch extends to Haddington, on the western verge of the city. This line of cars runs to the celebrated Kirkbride Lunatic Asylum, otherwise known as the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. The institution is located on a farm of one hundred and'eleven acres, the entrance-gate being on Haverford Road. About one-third of the grounds! I6 PITLAiDE-LPIIA AND ITS LNT-ION'S. is laid out in gardens and pleasure-grounds, and the whole estate is fitted up in the manner imost calculated to attract and interest the patients. The treatment is such that the mind is BINGHAM HOUSE. kept constantly employed, and the patients are restored to health, if at all, by kindness and judicious treatment, instead of enduring the mad-house horrors so common in the last century. <~;i VIEW DOWN MARKET STREET, FRO-I TELFIIll. asylum can be obtained aIt the office of the lztbAh Lie' cr, Sixthl and Permits to visit the Chestnut Streets. I7 2 PH~LADELPH~A AND ITS ENVIROVS. CHESTNUT STREET. THE stranger visiting Philadelphia will naturally consider Chestnut Street as the representative of the city. Its noble buildings, its handsome stores, and especially the crowds which at all times throng its sidewalks, induce him to associate the idea of Philadelphia with this single street; and it is this which presents itself to his mind's eye whenever the city is afterwards named in his hearing. Let us in imagination traverse the entire length of the street, and note its objects of interest. Starting from the Delaware front of the city, at Chestnut Street Wharf, where the Wilmington steamers land, we turn our faces westward, pass through the tide of commerce which ever flows along Delaware Avenue, on the river bank, and climb the rather steep grade leading up to Front Street, which still presents a reminder of William Penn's "high and dry bank." CHESTNUT STREET BRIDGE. The lofty fronts of wholesale dry-goods houses, which line both sides of the street as far as Third Street, together with the narrow sidewalks, make this portion of it seem narrow and gloomy, though the roadway is of uniform width from end to end. At Second Street we make a diversion to the left, and in a moment stand before the Chamber of Commerce, the new and handsome hall of the Commercial Exchange, This building, which is of brown stone, in the Roman-Gothic style, was built in I870, on the site of the first Exchange, which was destroyed by fire about a year before, while still in its first youth, and which was the noble successor of what was, in its time, a noble mansion,-the "Slate-Roof House," already spoken of. Immediately opposite the Chamber of Commerce stands a plain brick building, chiefly conspicuous from its great size and severe simplicity of style. This contains the United States Appraiser's Stores, and is noted as being, in the opinion of Mr. Mullet, the Government Supervising Architect, the only really fire-proof building in America. Its brick walls are of x8 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIIR OA S. enormous thickness, and the windows are protected by iron shutters, set in niches so deep that no fire can warp them open. Inside, all is of iron and brick, coated with fire-proof cement where necessary, and so arranged that the entire contents of one room may burn without injuring anything contained in the adjoining apartments. The building is 74 feet front by 247 feet in depth, and is five stories high, exclusive of the basement. It occupies the site of the old Pennsylvania Bank building, the marble of which that structure was composed having been built into the vaults, in default of a purchaser, thus presenting the anomaly of a massive foundation of marble placed under a brick building, and that, too, at a cost much less than that of ordinary stone. VIEW ON THIRD STREET. This building is quite new, having been finished in the fall of I87I. It was designed with an eye to Philadelphia's future necessities, for the Appraiser's tithes of goods show but scantily in its magnificent warerooms, two of which are 70 by I 30 feet in extent, and three others 70 by i8o. It is intended, however, to use these rooms for the storage of steamer goods, in connection with the lines of steamers just established to run from this city to European ports; and they will then present a different appearance. Retracing our steps to Chestnut Street, we admire the handsome buildings which adorn it between Second and Third Streets. On the southeast corner of Third is the main office of the I9 PHILADELPHI/4A AAt) I7TS Ez1Vf;IR O:AS. \VWestern Union Telegraph Comnpany,, a five-story brick building, radiating wires in every direction, in such numbers that the inter- i section of the streets seems to be covered with an iron net-work. Directly opposite this, on the southwest corner, is the office of the Pzubic Record. Third Street is the home of the I bankers and brokers. To a certain extent, it is the WVall Street of Philadelphia. On it we find the eminent banking-house of Drexel & Co., and many others.! Again turning to the left, we pass the office of the Evenzg, l Teiez,rs/h, and a few doors below it find the office of Jay Cooke & Co., the centre from which went forth, in troubhlous times, the bonds that gave the government I its strength. At present, this house is the head-quarters of the Northern Pacific Railroad. That magnificent work is strictly a Philadelphia enterprise; the motive power which acts upon it, a thou-,,, 1BANK OF NORTH AMERICA. sand miles away, and pushes it farther and farther out into the wilderness, operates in a second-story room in this handsome building. Next below Jay Cooke & Co.'s banking-house stands the Girard Bank, a venerable but still stately edifice, built I795-8 for the first United States Bank, and afterwards occupied by the man w hose name it bears, and whose memory Philadelphia must ever cherish as that of the most munificent benefactor she has ever had; and nearly opposite this is one of the most )beautifuil banking-houses in the city. It is the Tradesmen's Bank, a small but elegantly-designed building, of white New Hampshire granite, ornamented with pillars and tablets of highly-polished Aberdeen. The interior is simply but neatly furnished, with an eye to equal beauty and security. Again resuming our way up Chestnut Street, we pass, on the south side, the office of the IJzquizrer, and immediately TRADESMEN'S BANK, THIRD STRFEET. 20 - - i PtILLADE~LPItIA AS.) ]7S ~iVIA'OiS.OV. after, on the north, the Bank of North America, the first bank established in the United States, it having been founded by Congress in I78I, when the credit of the country was very far indeed below par. Robert Morris was one of the principal originators of this bank, and it proved a valuable auxiliary to his efforts in behalf of the public treasury. By its aid he succeeded in raising again the public credit and in establishing a good circulating medium. The present building is of brown stone, in the Florentine style of architecture. Below Fourth Street, and opposite Carpenters' Hall, is the elegant white marble building of the Fidelity Safe Deposit and Insurance Company, which combines a handsome exterior with the most impregnable security that modern science can devise. It is in the Italian style, with a front of Lee marble, and is the largest enterprise of the kind in the country. The safe alone weighs I5o tons, and cost $6o,ooo. And on Fourth Street, just below Chestnut, stands the new iron building of the Provident Life and Trust Company, -a much admired piece of architecture. The Custom-House stands on the south side of the street, between Fourth and Fifth. It has two fronts, one on Chestnut, the other on Library Street, each ornamented with eight fluted Doric columns, 27 feet high and 4 feet 6 inches in diameter, supporting a heavy en 21 CUSTOM-HOUSE AND l'OST'-OFFICE. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONAS. L HOTEL. tablature. It is in imitation of the Parthenon at Athens, and is one of the purest specimens of Doric architecture in the country. The K building was completed in I824, having cost $500,000, and was for _ merly the United States Bank. It = _ is now used by the United States a Sub-Treasury and Custom-House _ officers. Opposite the Custom House, just above the Philadelphia Bank, a handsome granite building, stands the Farmers' and Me chanics' Bank, an imposing white nmarble structure. This Bank, I one of the oldest institutions of its kind in the city, com menced its existence in I807, with a capital of 7oo,ooo000, as "An Association for the loaning of money upon reasonable terms, under the name and style of The President and Directors of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank in the City of Philadelphia, the object and operations of which are calculated to advance the interest of agriculture, manufac tures, and the mechanical arts, l to produce benefit to trade and industry in general, and to re press the practice of usury." It first occupied the building No. PROVIDENT LIFE AND TRUST CO.'S BUILDING. 22 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 102 Chestnut Street (old number), above Third Street. In I809 the Association was chartered by the Legislature of Pennsylvania as the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, with a capital of $I,25o0,000ooo, and was four times re-chartered. Not very long after this the bank was moved to No. ioo Chestnut Street, where it remained until the purchase of a capacious mansion-house on the site of the present banking building. This house was a Revolutionary landmark, having been the headquarters of Lord Howe during the British occupation of Philadelphia. In I855 they took possession of their new building, the banking room proper being in the rear, and approached by a corridor running through the front edifice, which is divided into offices, and is partly occupied by the Philadelphia Clearing-House. The Bank is the Clearing-House depositary, and is also transfer agent of the Commonwealth and City of Philadelphia, for the _ —! ~-1 I ji f -Ci FIDELITY SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY S BUILDING. transfer of its loans and payment of the interest thereon. April 24, I856, the capital was increased to $2,000,000. Adjoining the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, just above, is the building of the Pennsylvania Life Insurance and Trust Company. The front is of Quincy granite, of a massive and imposing style of architecture, well suited to the substantial character of the Company, which is the oldest of its kind in the city, having been established in I8I 2. No expense or pains has been spared in rendering the new building perfect for its purposes, as a fire- and burglar-proof structure. The safes alone involved an outlay of nearly $Ioo,ooo. The former office of the Company was in Walnut Street above Third. 23 PHIL,ADELPHIA A4ND 17'S ENVIROZVS. Just above the Custom-House is the Post-Office, a handsome marble building. Although the facilities of this department were greatly increased when the present Post-Office was built, not long since, the rapid growth of its business now calls for greater space, and to supply the want a new building is to be erected at the corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, for which an appropriation of $3,ooo,ooo has been made. Around the corner, in Fifth Street, is the Philadelphia Library, one of the staidly solemn things which seem still to preserve the spirit of the city's Quaker founders. It was founded in I73I,-mainly through the influence of Dr. Franklin, whose statue, in marble, is placed over the entrance,-and took possession of its present buildings in I790. It still observes the rules made for its government in I73I, and has a venerable air about it which impresses one strongly as he steps into its quiet halls. But, notwithstanding its age and sedateness, the library keeps FARMER,S' AND MECHANICS' BANK. pace with time, and new books are constantly being placed on its shelves. The Loganian Library is in the same building. Both libraries united contain about 95,ooo volumes. The building of the American Philosophical Society stands opposite the library. The dream-life into which one unconsciously falls in the alcoves of the library is rudely broken, as he steps out, by the constant bustle about the Mlayor's Office and the Police Headquarters, on the southwest corner of Fifth and Clces nut. This building is at the eastern end of "State 24 'IIL.4DE~LPHI4 ANVD ITS ENVVIROzVS. FIFTH AN') CHEST-NU1. House Row," noticed in connection with Independence Hall, which stands in the middle of the Row. PUBI-IC LEDGER 1UILDING. 25 PHILA DELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. Glancing at Fred. Brown's handsome drug-store, on the northeast corner, we next pass the American Hotel, also on the north side of Chestnut Street. On the southwest corner of Sixth and Chestnut, the imposing brown-stone pile of the Ledger building attracts the stranger's eye, and he recognizes it at once as one of the lions of the city. It is well shown in our engraving. On the northwest corner is the office of the Day, and a few doors above the Day office is that of the Evenzing B/ulletin, the oldest afternoon paper in the city. Nearly opposite the BullZetin office is the handsome office of the Germnan Denzocral, _-_......... and on the corner of Seventh _ __ _ Street that of the Press. = - = = == At this point the fashionable....... promenade may be said to begin... Bright faces and gay costumes throng the sidewalk beyond this,'..... and the street is lined with the 1r>,1u6L,1) ~ -~~ - I~!!!.,llj!11..... 0 tastefully-arranged shop-wind ows oc i al! for which Philadelphia is noted............ ~~'"~ —'~~l — ~~~~ i~' —I[~ii~['!t~[:~[~/}L[~[!i~-i~.'......E.E. The group which our a rtis t has.___...._........;.- collected in front of the store of'iii i....,,!!i: Henry A.- Dreer, the well-known [t seedsman an d florist, is a fair I s a mple of what may be seen i along t his portion of the street of P on any fine aftern oon. Th e extensive and elegant front big of the Masonic Temple next atp-ressed1.tt ________ [ _ [i[ tracts attention. It is a very l:i} l____[ "_['___ beautiful buildi ng, and was o nce b a considered the finest of its kind in gust the United States; but it has be-'i't't"IIFWli{'j!'lI come too small, and the brethren ,of the mystic tie are now building - a temple which will cast its predecessor into undeserved obscurity. The old one will probably be de-,L-I) voted to business uses, the handsome store of Walraven and others _....... already in the building showing its ~ ____ ___'_"-" fitness for such purposes. --- I -- The Bank of the Republic, wvhose comparatively plain ex- PENNSYLVANIA INSURANCE AND TPUST CO.'S BUILDING. terior is compensated for by the beauty of its interior arrangements, is just above the Temple, and the Girard House lifts its stately front beyond. This is the second hotel, in point of size, in the city of Philadelphia, and it is a formidable competitor of its mammoth rival across the way, the far-famed Contiriental. The latter, by far the largest hotel in the city, covers forty-one thousand five hundred and thirty-six square feet of ground. It is six stories high; the Chestnut Street front being of Albert and Pictou sandstone, and the others, on Ninth and Sansom Streets, of fine pressed brick. It was opened in February, I8fiO, and has ever since been a favorite with the traveling public. All its appointments are of the most perfect description. An elevator carries guests 26 PHILADELPHIIA AND ITS ENVIROAS. from the ground floor to the highest story; telegraph wires convey their messages to any part of the country; their baggage is checked and their tickets purchased under the same roof; while the tables are of the finest. Diagonally across from the Continental is a ticket-office of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and beyond it, on the west side of Ninth Street, are the former grounds and buildings of the University of Pennsylvania. This institution was chartered as a charity school and academy in I75O, and was erected into a college in 1755, and into a university in I779. It was first located on Fourth Street, below Arch, but removed to Ninth Street in 1798. The old building having become inadequate to its wants, a magnificent -......_____ --. structure of serpentine marble has been . —__ _ = _- - erected at Thirty-sixth Street and Darby .....______, __ Road, WTest Philadelphia. We present a __,,,',,~~~~,,,~ view of the building, which was completed :,- jig:' and occupied in 1872. ": 1"""""'""_.'...... -''AaiThe University is divided into academi cal, collegiate, medical, and law depart ments, and among its faculty are num bered some of the most distinguished men , l I iUlI~I II| I IlI"'i n the State. ' The site for the new Post-Office has been fixed on the north sid e of Chestnut, above Ninth. It will occupy half the square be tween Chestnut and Market and Ninth and i?~,~,ili,~ _,.,.,,,,~-~,~z,,'. filf 1 Tenth. ...........! _ji On the southwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut stands a group of marble stores which are unsurpassed for beauty and splendor in the city. Fine stores, indeed, - may be said to be the rule from Ninth to Eleventh, and there are many on either _, side of these limits. I~'{~~~r~t; i ~ ~ ~We present a view of the marble-front buildin cnannM'Callumn, Crease & :~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~I Sloan's carpet store, on Chestnut Street, above Tenth. I " ~ j Girard Row," on the north side of Chest nut from Eleventh to Twelfth, con tains many elegant stores. Among them I~S___... _- a tare C. F. Haseltine's art galleries, shown BANK OF THE REP'UBLLC. in our engraving, and the warerooms of the Schomacker Piano Company, the pioneers of the piano business in Philadelphia. We present a view of their factory, situated at Eleventh and Catherine Streets, an immense establishment, having a capacity of twenty pianos a week. At 1122 Chestnut Street the building of the American Sunday-School Union finds itself in the very centre of business now, but when erected, in 1854, it was quite "out of town." This is the head-quarters and central office of the Union; but its branches ramify all over the world, and its missionaries are continually extending its sphere of usefulness. Founded in 1817 as an Adult and Sunday-School Union, it was instituted as the American Sunday-School Union in 1824, and has ever since been steadily at work, instructing and elevating the masses. It has two branches,-that of missions and that of publication,-and is supported entirely by 27 PHIL,ADELPHIA AND ITS EiVVIRON-Y. the profits of the publication department, assisted by private contributions, of which many noble ones from wealthv Philadelphians are recorded. The splendid building containing Bailey & Co.'s jewelry store, on the southeast corner of Tweelfth and Chestnut, will excite the admiration of the visitor. This store-room is the largest 28 OLD MASONIC TEHMPI,Iv-. PHILAD~EPHIA AND ITS ~EVIR0V.ON. INTERIOR VIEWN OF HASELTINE'S PICTUtRI (tAI.LER['S. ot its kind in the city. It presents a front of forty-four feet on Chestnut Street )by two hundred and forty feet on Tw-elfth, and its ceiling is twenty-two feet in height. Fine statues and SCHOMACKER PIANO FACTORY, ELEVENTH AND CATHERINE STREETS. othler works of art are almost alway)s on exhibition in the windows. IThe building was erected 29 PHILADELPHIA AND 17'S ENVIRONS. . w I ark l~I-' ill I I SCENE ON CHESTNUT STREET. by Dr. S. S. White, who occupies all of it, except the first floor, for the manufacture and sale of artificial teeth, dentists' instruments, etc., in which specialty he does the largest business in the world, having branch houses in New York, Boston, and Chicago. UNITED STATES MINT. 30 A,Drj,T, L..r/-i,Ai'-.I 11SL L' jGARDENTOOL ?1)l i 1 i,1i' irili]!~ ii +i l!,'[4 iJJJiiH 11rrri~t-i~,,,ilhiHli~],........;. - PHILADELPHIA AND IJS ENVIRON S. ( TWELFTH AND CHESTNUT.- DR. S. S. WHITE'S BUILDING. We next pass the building of the Young Men's Christian Association, on Chestnut Street, above Twelfth, and the Chestnut Street Theatre and Concert Hall, on the opposite side of THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 3r PHILZADELPII:.1 ANzD 7S ~EATI7-A' OzAS. the street, and, crossing Thirteenth Street, come to the United States Mint. This building was erected in I829, pursuant to an act of Congress enlarging the operations of the government coining, and supplementary to the act creating the Mint, which was passed in 1792. The structure is of the Ionic order, copied from a temple at Athens. It is of brick, faced with marble ashlar. Visitors are admitted before twelve o'clock, every day except Saturday and Sunday; and the beautiful and delicate operations an d contriv-_ ances for coining, as well as the extensive numismatic cabinet, are well worth seeing. The new building of the Presbyterian Board of Publication stands nearly opposite the Mint. It is CHESTNUT STREET, ABOVE TENTH. a handsome four- story edifice, with a front ot white granite, trimmed with polished Aberdeen stone. Soon after crossing Broad Street, we pass beyond the realms of trade and enter the domiciliary portion of the street; though we shall not leave all the stores behind us until we have passed Fifteen th S treet. Here, on the corner of Fifteenth and Chestnut, the Colonnade Hotel has recently been built to meet the growing demands for up-town hotel accommodations. It takes its name from Colonnade Row, a handsome series of buildings, several of which were torn down to make room for it. The Colonnade is a large and wellkept hotel; it can accommodate four hundred guests, and its kitchen facilities are especially complete. From the Colonnade, rows of stately dwellings extend to the Schuylkill, over which a substantial and elegant bridge has recently been thrown. Another new bridge is in course of erection at South Street, a short distance farther down the river; and an elegant one, used by the junction Railroad, is just below that. The Schuylkill may be reckoned among Philadelphia's "reserve forces." \Vith a depth of water sufficient to 32 AMEIRICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ~NVIRONZS. float a frigate, and room enough on either bank for long rows of wharves and warehouses, it is comparatively deserted. Some coal- and stone-yards on its shores employ a few vessels annually. The Schuylkill Canal brings down numbers of boats from the mines in the coal regions; but, apart from these, there is as yet no commerce on the Schuylkill. This grand avenue to the future heart of the city is still waiting for the time when its services shall be required,-a time which cannot be far distant. Indeed, it can be largely used for the transportation of goods to the Centenarv Exhibition, and will doubtless find its commerce greatly increased by that event. For a few squares on the west side of the Schuylkill, Chestnut Street retains the solidly PRESBYEI'- O Xil.ICATION I'RESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBJL,ICATION - built-up appearance of a city street; but this is soon lost in a succession of elegant villas and country seats, and, finally, in a territory which, as yet, is a part of the city only on the map. As a specimen of suburban architecture, we present a view of the residence of A. J. Drexel, the well-known banker, at Thirty-ninth and Walnut, West Philadelphia. This portion of the city is new, and is growing very rapidly. Fortunately, Chestnut Street and its neighbors on the south have been almost monopolized by the suburban residences of wealthy citizens, who have adorned their homes with spacious grounds, with trees and flowers 3 33 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRO:S. THE COLONNAD)E IOTEL. and have planted shade-trees along the streets; so that this neighborhood is now, and must ever remain, a lovely blending of all that is most beautiful in city and country. THIRTY-NINTH AND WALNUT. 34 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS EANVIRONZS. WALNUT STREET. WALNUT STREET, the chosen haunt of the coal trade, and, to a great extent, of the insurance business, presents many points of interest. The anthracite coal trade of the Lehigh and Schuylkill regions, which is so important a feature of the domestic industry of Pennsylvania, centres in the lower part of this street, a large four-story building of brown stone, on the corner of Second and WValnut, being entirely given up to this business, and filled with the offices of coal firms. It is known as "Anthracite Block." PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY'S BUILDI:NG. A little below Third Street, Walnut Street is crossed diagonally by Dock, and in the triangular space bounded by Third, Dock, and Walnut stands the magnificent building of the Merchants' Exchange. It is an imposing edifice, built of Pennsylvania marble, and, from its conspicuous position, forms the most prominent feature of this part of the city. The spacious 35 PH~LAD~LPHIA AND ITS ENVIRP OBS. rotunda on its eastern side has recently been fitted up in a sumptuous manner for the use of the Board of Brokers. Passing the Sunday Disjalch, office, on the corner of Third Street, we pass an almost unbroken file of coal offices, until we reach Fourth Street, and here we turn the corner into Fourth to visit the splendid new offices of the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Companies, which stand side by side on the east side of Fourth Street, below Walnut. The office of the Pennsylvania Road was built in I87I-2. It is of brick, with an elegant front of Quincy granite, and of dimensions adapted to the business of a corporation which owns and controls more miles of rail than any other in the world. The immense extent of this company's operations is too well known to need repetition here. The office of the Reading Railroad was so much enlarged and improved during the summer and fall of I87I as to make it, in effect, a new building. This, the second road in READING RAILROADI) COMPANY'S BUILDING. importance in the State, taps the rich deposits of anthracite coal in the Southern and Middle Coal-fields, and carries to market an average of five million tons annually. In I870 it absorbed the Ge-mantown and Norristown Railroads, and now conducts an enormous passenger traffic over both. Continuing up Walnut Street, we pass on the left of what was once the "State-House Yard," but has since been named " Independence Square." It is of small dimensions, and, though the trees are lofty and green overhead, the ground beneath them has been beaten hard by the tread of countless feet crossing it in every direction, and has little that is park-like in its appearance. Not so, however, with Washington Square, which is diagonally opposite Independence Square, and which has already been described at length. Outside the railing of this square, on a line with Seventh Street, is a stone fountain surmounted by an eagle standing on a globe, which is noteworthy as being the first of those 36 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVVIRONS. benevolent structures in providing which the Philadelphia Fountain Society has already earned the gratitude of thousands of thirsty men and suffering beasts. This society was formed in February, I869, and erected its first fountain in the succeeding I'llLAI)ELPHIA SAVINGS FUND. April. From that time to the close of I87I, forty-four fountains were erected through its efforts, many of them being the gifts of individuals or of societies other than that having the work in special charge, but all given at its instance and through its influence. WESTERN SAVINGS BANK. Some idea may be formed of the value of this simple gift of pure, cold water from the fact that during twelve hours of one August day five thousand and sixteen persons and one thousand and eighty-nine horses and mules were seen to drink at six of the most frequented fountains. 37 PHILI ADELPIHIA AND ITS EENVIR 0XN. What might be termed another benevolent institution, though it is so according to the sound commercial rule of benefiting both parties, is the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society, whose building stands on the corner of Walnut Street and West Washington Square. This society, the first of its kind in the country, was established in I8i6, and has ever since been eminently successful. All its earnings are appropriated for the benefit of the depositors, with the exception of the amount necessary to meet the working expenses. From a small beginning, the business of the institution has gradually increased, until now its depositors number thirty-nine thousand, and their united deposits exceed ten million dollars. This money is loaned on the most reliable securities, and in such a manner as to enable the TWENTY-FIRST AND WALNUT. managers to realize in the shortest possible time that may be required to meet the demands of the depositors. We give also a view of another similar institution, that of the Western Saving Fund, at Tenth and Walnut. In looking at these fine buildings one is forcibly reminded of the couplet said to have been inscribed on one in England: " Who would have thought it? Wise pennies bought it.'" Trade has not yet pushed its way on Walnut Street beyond this point. From here long rows of substantially-built houses, whose very exteriors have an air of comfort about them, as if they would hint at the ease and plenty within, stretch away almost to the Schuylkill. 38 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS E~NVIR OATS. Two of these are here depicted. The first is that of John Rice, the builder of the Continental Hotel and of a number of other buildings. This is situated on the corner of Twenty-first and Walnut. It is of white marble, from the Lee quarries, and is in the Italian TWENTY-SECOND AND WALNUT. style of architecture. The second, on the corner of Twenty-second and Walnut, also of white marble, is the residence of George W. Childs, the well-known and successful proprietor of the Public Ledger. 39 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. ARCH STREET. ARCH STREET, though a wide and handsome avenue, has never found its course obstructed by such a tide of travel and traffic as surges through Market Street. It has always been an eminently "respectable" street, and a certain air of old-time gentility still invests it; one feels ARCH STRILE1ET, BETWEEN SEVENTH AND EIGHTH. that, in passing from Market to Arch, he has unconsciously stepped back fifty years into the past; the roar and hurry of to-day have given way to the steady-going, quiet ways of the earlier years of the century, and he would scarcely be surprised to see a gentleman in powdered wig, knee-breeches, and three-cornered hat descending from any one of the stately dwellings 40 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIR O CTZS. whose uniform brick fronts, green shutters, and marble steps are the representatives of, if not the foundation for, the monotonous Philadelphia which satirical visitors are fond of depicting. The lower part of the street has, indeed, been invaded, to a certain extent, by the bustling life of comnierce; but west of Tenth Street all is quiet, and the street is lined with the dwellings of the merchant princes of the city. Consequently, we have few points of interest to note here. In our walk up-street, we stop, of course, to look through the iron railing set in the wall of Christ Church buryingground, at Fifth and Arch, and pay our homage to the grave of Benjamin Franklin. We cannot fail to notice, as we pass, the ancient Friends' Meeting-House which stands on the south side of the street, between Third and Fourth, surrounded by a yard whose dimensions suggest the good old times of its erection, when land was plenty and taxes light. This meeting-house was built in I8o8. It is the successor of one which stood in High Street, and has ever since been one of the principal places of worship of the Quakers in Philadelphia. This denomination, being that to which Penn and his followers belonged, was, naturally, the first to erect a place of worship. "The Great Meeting-House," as it was ARCH STREET THEATRE. 4I PttILADEPHIPA AND ITS ENVIRONS. called, at the corner of Second and High Streets, was erected in I695, on land bestowed by George Fox, "for truth's and Friends' sake." "Great as it was," says Watson, "it was taken down in I755, to build greater;" and in I8o8 the "street noise of increased population drove the worshipers to the quiet retreat on Arch Street, where they still find them 1-~~~~~~~~~ ~selves able to w o r s h i p . i#= -==....... --.... L_ -. without disturbance. A little above Sixth :: T.~~~Street we pass Mrs. John Drew's Arch Street The atre, one of the standard two......esabise places of amusement in Smo the city. Its interior ar On11~~~~ ~ Arch, abovrangements are exce llent. The auditorium will se at ':'~:~:'~';, i! iI~!,i~ li~ ~.,eighteen hundred persons, and the dimensions of the _I -...... __ stage, sixty-seven feet square by thirty feet high, , ____ ___ give convenient room for representations. , -~-?~;~~ Another square west,,'iI',.~ i'~ ward, we come to the St. 'I I I ~! Cloud Hotel, a new and :t________ ] I'~i~ excellent house, recently ,,I.'1I f17_'.~ -:, ~ I[ IIll, i' I I,l ir I II i ~cpened, and very conve j'lc't to the business part the I I -know photo ngaphic establishment of - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Frederick G u t e k u n s t, J~!p attained !,'.:,. -- ____o f dhderved celebrity during r. th e Rebellion. Still farther on we find two recently-estabDlished places of amuseme-int,-the Museum, on the corner of Ninth, and Simmons & Slocum's Opera House, on the coi ner of Tenth. On Arch, above Tenth, are the Methodist Book Rooms,-the Mecca of Methodist pilgrims, -and at Broad and Arch are the stately churches elsewhere spoken of. The rest of the street is "living-room;" it is filled with the homes of the people, with few exceptions, presenting a remarkable sameness of appearance and size. 42 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. BROAD STREET. THIS noble avenue has been described in the earlier part of this work; but it remains to point out some of the many objects of interest which border it. Its southern terminus is at League Island,-a low tract of land at the junction of the Delaware and Schuylkill, which was presented by the city of Philadelphia to the United States government, a few years ago, for the purposes of a naval depot,-a use for which it is admirably adapted. The report of the Secretary of the Navy, for I871, thus tersely sums up its advantages: "A navy yard so ample in its proportions, in the midst of our great coal and iron region, easy of access to our own ships, but readily made inaccessible to a hostile fleet, with fresh water for the preservation of the iron vessels so rapidly growing into favor, surrounded by the slkilled labor of one of our chief manufacturing centres, will be invaluable to our country." 11 C o m p a-r a t i v e 1 y little work has yet - -._-: _ (1873) been done at League Island; but.-__ enough is in progress to show what may be; =: expected in the future. A wharf sufficient iH to accommodate the largest sized vessels _ - has been built; a receiving ship and two = _ or three others are stationed there and == __ the narrow, fresh-water "Back Channel" _ which separates the island from the _ mainland is being dredged for the'a ccommodation of the monitors,-a large o=fleet of those peculiar craft being alreadyrv3T-):; anchored in its placid waters. ~Ci Crossing the back channel by a draw-: bridge, Broad Stree t e xtends northwardr th rough a l ow, flat t ract of land which is now occ upi e d by truck-farms, and which will require much labor t o fit it for build- -- ing purposes. Two rows of trees have been':i _.... planted i n the drive along this part of the Bal the street, a nd these wii in a few years oETH-EDEN CcURCe. afford three l eafy avenue s fo r carriages. The city is growing but slowly in this direction, its chief extension being to the north and westi but t he influenc e of Lea gue Is l and may draw builders southward when the works are fairly under way there. The first building of importance which we notice in going north on this street is the Baltimore Depot, at Broad and Prime. We give the most familiar designations of public objects in this work, as those are the ones strangers will wish to know. The "Baltimore Depot" is, to give it the benefit of its full title, the depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroad; but that is a name too long for daily use; and for the same reason the inquirer is always directed to the insignificant Prime Street, instead of the spacious Washington Avenue, on the corner of which the building really stands. 43 PHIL ADEI PHIA AND ITS ENEIR ONS. Many handsome churches diversify the street to the north of the Baltimore Depot, but it is impossible to mention all in detail. On the corner of Pine Street we pass the Deaf and Dumb Asylum,-a charity incorporated in I82I by the State of Pennsylvania, which has ever since been its chief patron, though the States of Maryland, New Jersey, and Delaware also contribute to its support and claim a share in its benefits. One square above, we pass the magnificent "Beth-Eden" Baptist Church, one of the handsomest on Broad Street, even without the spire, which is still wanting to complete the symmetry of the desig(n. Now the places of interest crowd thick and fast upon the visitor's attention. Just above Beth-Eden Church is Hor ticultural Hall,-the chosen __________,=-" i\ _home of the Pennsylvania z=~~ ~ ~~____ =_ _ Horticultural Society, a /' L 5;L,-> \ venerable institution, and, 4~~ - ~~~~~ = = ~~like so many other Phila /_ ~ — _~ --- =='delphia enterprises, the ,..-_ X":......................... ___ —— = -- = = nfirst of its kind in the coun I -1 _,, =____________-_ -\try, having been established _______ =_____-___ in I827. It has always been _ _ one of the most popular so -''''~.-~__ cieties in Philadelphia, and _ _1~~~~~~~ its annual di s pays, held ______ I e~~~~:-;...first in Peale's Museum and afterwar ds under canvas pavi ions in one of the pub lic squar es, were once the most fashionable entertain d b the, most;,i~i~~i& ~ ments in the city. Nor have they lost their attrac tion even yet; for at stated America,i.'; It arseasons the y f ill the spa northern par off~! Italy.;:~![!mcious auditorium of the hall to suffocation with visitors who come to fe a st th heir e y e s upon the rare floral and pomiological treasure s uim! iii Llimi m [p'!,m~w,,,,, I~,~,..........there displayed. Next door to Horticul ____'__-___:"____tural Hall, and so near to _ —=_:'-_........-....~.-...........,it that on grand festive HORTICULTURAL HALL. occasions both buildings are leased and connected by a temporary bridge, is the American Academy of Music, the most capacious opera-house in the United States. This building was completed January 26, i857, and dedicated on that day by the most magnificent ball Philadelphia had ever witnessed. Since that time it has been a favorite hall with all the leading musicians, actors, and lecturers who have appeared in America. Its architecture is of the Italian Byzantine school, such as is frequently seen in the northern parts of Italy. The auditorium is one hundred and two feet long, ninety feet wide, and seventy feet high, and will seat twenty-nine hundred persons, besides providing standingroom for about six hundred more. The arrangements both for seeing and hearing are excellent; its acoustic properties being extolled by all who have appeared on its stage. All the 44 PHILADELPHIA AND 17'S EATVIIEO VS. other appointments of the building are on a scale commensurate with the immense size of the auditorium, and go to make up one of the most complete and magnificent opera-houses in the world. Following in regular order after the Academy of Music, and on the same side of the street, is the well-known building of the Union League. This association grew out of a "Union AMIE-RICAN ACADEMY OF MUSIC. C II C NEW ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. Club" which was formed in I862 for promoting friendly intercourse among loyal people. The organization of the Union League was effected in December, i862, and it at once took 45 PHIJADE ~LPHIA AND ITS ENVIR OAS. an active part in all public measures. It enlisted for the United States Army ten full regi ments of troops, distributed over two million six hundred thousand copies of Union doc __ __ ~ uments, and claimed to have _-_- ______....ca_rried the State of Pennsyl _______ ~ -I ______ ___ vania for the Republican part y by its efforts in the important election of i863. ____/f; JIn May, i865, the presen t League building wa s finishe d, at a cost, including furniture, of about two hundred thousand dollars. It is of brick, in the French Renaissance style, with faqades of granite, brick, and brown stone. It has all the appointments of a first-class ';if'_'~_:~ ~_25~ —~ ~~ —-~~~~ ~ ~.~ club -house, and as such has many patrons, the list of mem h-ers at the present time (I873) UNION LEAGUE B,'UILDING. numbering about eighteen hun dred and fifty. The most prominent of the other social clubs are the Reform Club, which occupies a LA PIERRE HOUSE handsome white marble fronted building on Chestnut Street, above Fifteenth, and the Philadelphia Club, occupying the building at Thirteenth and Walnut Streets. 46 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIA'ONS. Next above the Union League building is an unpretentious and certainly far from handsome building, which at present contains the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. This society dates from the year 1812, when it was founded by a few gentlemen for mutual study into the laws of nature. A museum and library were among the first requisites, and steps were early taken to... establish both. The latter now contains. —. about twenty-three thousand volumes, and _.... the former upwards of two hundred and fifty - it i thousand specimens, representing every de- _.. partment of zoology, geology, and botany. - i There are sixtv-five thousand mineralogical and paleontological specirliens, with a very __ -;rich collection of fossils. The botanical collection is immense that of shells is only excelled by the cabinet of the British Museum; andblle collection of birds is both rich atnd - attractive. It consists of more than thirty-? one thousand specimens, and is probably.) unequaled by any collection in Europe. This museum has outgrown the building NEw MASONIC''EMPLE. in which it is placed, and steps are now being taken to erect a building adequate for its wants. A lot has been secured at Nineteenth ~ _ __ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and Race Streets, and on it the fine building of which we present a view will be placed as soon as the necessary funds can be obtained. The great value of the museum, and the utter \EW ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS. 47 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVTIRONS. inadequacy of its present quarters either to display or to preserve it, will doubtless bring the citi zens of Philadelphia to its as sistance at an early day. Even in the present building, however, visitors to the city should by no means fail to see it. It is open to the public on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, at which times an entrance fee of ten cents is charged. Next door to the Academy of Natural Sciences stands the La Pierre House, one of the best hotels in the city. It is six stories high, and will accommodate two hundred guests. We now cross Chestnut Street, glance at the Corinthian porticos of two Pres Ibyteriai churches, on the east side of Broad Street, one above and the other below Chestnut, and in a moment reach the Penn Squares, four in number, at the in tersection of Broad and Market. These squares have recently been stripped of their trees, and are now (July, I873) being excavated for the foundations of the new lPublic Buildings for law-courts and public offices, concerning the location of which there was so much bitter controversy when they were first determined on. At the northwest corner of these squares is one of the many noble charities that Philadelphia can boast of. This is the School of Design for WVomen,-the only institution of the kind in America. It was founded in I1848, by Mrs. Peter, for the purpose of educating women to extend their sphere of usefulness and open to them a new and pleasant means of support. In a great manufacturing city there is a constant demand for new and elegant designs for all branches of mechanic art. The School of Design trains women ~~~~~~~If fI i__ i I 48 PHIADEI PHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. for this work, instructing them gratuitously, and seldom failing to make them experts in the business of mechanical drawing. In a year or two this part of Broad Street will be unequaled in the State for the number and beauty of its public edifices. On the corner of Filbert Street the New Masonic Temple rears its stately head high above the neighboring houses. It is built of granite, dressed at the quarry and brought to the temple ready to be raised at once to its place; so that what was said of Solomo-n's temple may be said with almost equal truth of this: "There was neither hammer nor ax nor any tool of iron heard in the house, while it was in building." This temple is one hundred and fifty feet in breadth by two hundred and fifty in length, with 7 ~ ____ ___ ________ I ':' SCENE ON NORkTHfl BROAD STREET, ABOVE MASTER. a side elevation of ninety feet above the pavement, its colossal proportions making it seem low even at this height. A tower two hundred and thirty feet high rises at one corner. The entire building is devoted to Masonic uses, there being nine lodge-rooms, together with a library and officers' rooms. Adjoining the Masonic Temple on the north is the Arch Street Methodist Episcopal Church, the handsomest church of this denomination in the city. The intersection of Broad and Arch Streets is, indeed, noteworthy for its churches. The pure white marble of the Methodist church, on the southeast corner, the rich brown stone of the First Baptist Church, on the northwest corner, and the green syenite of the Lutheran church, on the southwest corner, present a group of architectural beauty rarely surpassed in any city. 4 49 PHILA4DELPII4A A4ND ITTS ENVIRONS. At this point occurs an interruption of the usual magnificent display of Broad Street,-a region of warehouses and lumber-yards, which once threatened to be permanent, but to which the removal of the railroad tracks from Broad Street gave a death-blow; so that we may now hope to see their places occupied before long by structures in keeping with the magnificent plan of the street. Nevertheless, it must be confessed that, at the present writing, Broad Street from Arch to Callowhill is not a pleasant thoroughfare. The new Academy of Fine Arts, now building at Broad and Cherry, will do much for this part of the street. At Callowhill Street we come to the passenger depot of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, and just above it, but on the opposite side of the street, the extensive buildings of the Baldwin Locomotive Works,-an establishment which boasts the proud distinction of being the largest, as it is among the oldest, of its kind in the world. Spring Garden Street, which bounds the Baldwin Locomotive Works on the north, is one of a few streets which deserve special notice for the generous manner in which they are laid SCENE ON NORT'H BROAD STREET, ABOVE jEFFERSON. out. From Twelfth to Broad a b]eautifutil little park occupies the centre of the street, which is nearly or quite as wide as Broad Street itself,-and this will prohlab1y be continued all the way to Fairmount Park, in i few years. Ilelou Twelfth the street is occupied by a long line of market-houses. Girard Avenue is laid out in the same way. A,granite monument erected April I9, I872, by the Washington (,rays, to the memory of their fallen comrades, stands in the centre of the avenue, just below Broad. On the southwest corner of Broad and Green Streets we pass the Central High School,-a plain but not inelegant brick edifice,-and on the northwest corner a handsome Presbyterian church, built in the Norman style of architecture. Beside this stands the Jewish synagogue Rodef Shalom, a good specimen of the Saracenic style, and a very handsome though very peculiar building. At the intersection of Ridge Avenue, Coates, and Broad is the beginning of a section of wood pavement which was laid down a couple of years ago as a trial, and which, though it 50 PHILADEL~PHIA AND ITS EzA"T'ItO& AS has been heartily abused ever since, has ever been a favorite resort for pleasure-driving. It extends from Coates Street to Columbia Avenue,-a distance of about a mile,-and on a fine Sunday afternoon is thronged with fast horses and elegant carriages. The sidewalks, at the same time, are crowded with promenaders, and the whole presents a scene of life and animation strikingly in contrast with the sabbath stillness of the rest of the city. Along this part of the street there are very many fine private residences. It is an exemplification of what Broad Street is capable of being made, and what it may reasonably be expected to become in the near future. We present views of two of these dwellings, that of Richard Smith, on Broad above Master, and that of Henry Disston, on Broad above Jefferson. The splendid Episcopal church of the Incarnation, at Broad and Jefferson, and several other fine buildings in the immediate vicinity, close the list of objects of interest on Broad Street for the present. Columbia Avenue is the northern limit of building on this street just now; but the noble boulevard continues straight as an arrow northward, the houses are fast following it, and it cannot be very many years before it will be crowded with stately buildings all the way to Germantown. THE CEMETERIES. IT is impossible in a work of this kind to do justice to the many beautiful cemeteries in which repose the dead of the great city. We can, however, direct the visitor to a few of the more prominent ones, and assure him that a visit to them will be a source of gratification. THE SCHUYLKILL RIVER FROM NORTH LAUREL HILL. We use the word advisedly, for few more pleasant spots can be found in the vicinity of Philadelphia than its burial-places, fitted up as they are with equal taste and elegance. Laurel Hill Cemetery is confessedly the leading cemetery of Philadelphia in size, location, 51 PHIL,ADEL PHIA A4ND ITS ENVIRP ONS. and beauty of adornment. It is situated on a sloping hillside bordering on the Schuylkill; the extensive grounds are skillfully laid out; and the monuments and other decorations are as elaborate as affection could suggest or munificence bestow. The ground is divided into three sections, known as North, South, and Central Laurel Hill,-the last being the most recently added of the three. The plan of the company by which this cemetery was established was to provide for its patrons a resting-place which should be theirs forever, without fear of molestation or disturlbance by the ever-lengthening city streets and the ever-growing city trade, and which they might therefore ornament freely with substantial and enduring monuments. The idea was well carried out in the selection of a site little available for business purposes, and now secured forever by its incorporation within the bounds of Fairmount Park; and it was quickly appreciated by the citizens. The result is shown in the present appearance of the grounds, and in the fact that, besides the addition of South Laurel Hill and two other sections of ground, it has become necessary to enlarge the accommodations a fourth time; and in doing so the fundamental idea of an isolated and permanent burial-place has been kept in view, if possible, more fully than ever before. This addition is West Laurel Hill Cemetery, an institution entirely distinct from the original, and controlled by a separate corporation, but yet owned and officered by the same individuals, so that it is virtually an extension of the original Laurel Hill, and is managed in harmony with it. West Laurel Hill Cemetery is the latest enterprise of the kind connected with the city, having been incorporated in November, i869. It is situated on the west side of the Schuylkill, in Montgomery County, a short distance from the boundary-line of the incorporated city. At present West Laurel Hill contains one hundred and ten acres, but the charter permits its increase to three hundred acres. Under the management of persons long familiar with the work done at the original Laurel Hill, it is rapidly assuming a beautiful and appropriate appearance. UP THE SCHUYLKiI,I,, FOM WEST I.AU-REL HILL. 52 I'tILADLELPHI,A AND ITS E_N le ONS. 53 A number of smaller cemeteries are situated in the vicinity of Laurel Hill, and some im cr, n ~~~~VI m ~ rt, t, CII portant ones are located in parts of the city which have still a rural aspect. Monument PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRAONS. Cemetery, which was founded in I837, two years after Laurel Hill, is situated at Broad and g _ -,,, e ~ -' LIEUTENANT GREBLE'S MONUMENT, WOODLANI) CEMET.ERY. Berks Streets, and is remarkable for a fine granite monument to the joint memories of Wash ington and Lafayette, which stands in the centre, and gives name to the cemetery. 54 \ PJHi ADELPHI4A AND ITS ENVIRONS. Still nearer to Laurel Hill are Mount Peace, Mount Vernon, Glenwood, and several society cemeteries. Cathedral Cemetery, the great burying-ground of the Roman Catholic denomination, is located on Forty-eighth Street, between Girard Avenue and Wyalusing Street, in West Philadelphia. It was consecrated to the purposes of sepulture in I849, being named after the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, which was then building. This cemetery includes fortythree acres, and contains some elegant monuments. Mount Moriah Cemetery, one of the most beautiful in the city, is on Kingsessing Avenue, THE DREXEL MAUSOLEUM. about three miles from Market Street, and is reached by the Darby line of horse cars running out Walnut Street. It is quite large, and is very liberally supplied with both natural and artificial attractions. The same line of cars passes Woodland Cemetery, one of the most attractive rural buryinggrounds in the city. Of the many imposing monuments in this cemetery, we present a view of the beautiful mausoleum of the Drexel family, which is noted for its elegance of designbeing the handsomest structure of its kind in this country-and its fine location, and one of the chaste monument erected to the memory of Lieutenant John T. Greble, the first officer of the regular army to fall in the Rebellion. 55 '~:, -_ _______ DOWN THE SCHUYLKILL, FROM WEST LAUREL HILL CEMETE PHILADELPIIIA AND ITS ELNzVROle 7'. FAIRMOUNT PARK. FAIRMOUNT PARK, new though it is, has already attained a reputation second only to that of Central Park, New York, and only second to that because Fairmount is not yet old enough to be as widely known. Fairmount needs no eulogist. It speaks for itself; and the stranger who, with this book for his guide, will spend a summer day-or, better still, a week-in leisurely and appreciative exploration of its hills and dales, its leafy woodlands and sunny slopes, its rippling streams and placid river, its dewy sunrise and dreamy sunset, and the glory of its moonlight vistas, will permit no tongue to sound its praises louder than his own. W'e preface our description of it with a few dry facts and figures which it will be well to bear in mind. Fairmount Park arose from the necessity for a supply of pure water, the deterioration of 57 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS EN VIR ONS. ffi _ which threatened to become not only an evil but a grievous calamity. The mills and manufactories on the banks of the Schuylkill were multiplying rapidly, and there was great danger that in the course of a very few years the river-banks for miles above the city would be lined with factories and workshops, to the utter ruin of the stream on which the citizens depended for their supply of pure water. Just in time to prevent this catas t r o p h e, Fairmount Park was con ceived, and by degrees e x e c u t e d, until now five miles of the river and six of its beautiful and important tributary the \Vissahickon, together with the high lands bounding their immediate valleys, are inclosed and preserved forever from all pollution and profanation. The PIark now contains nearly three thousand acres, being more than three times as large as the New York Central Park. It is dedicated to be a public pleasure-ground forever, and, under the management of a Board of Commissioners, is rapidly growing in beauty and in terest. EAST TERRACE, LEMON HILL. 58 I MONUMENT ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF FREI)ERICK GRAFF. PHILADELPIHA AND ITS E.FNVIRONS. The visitor will take a street-car on Pine, Arch, or Vine Street,-all of which lines run to the Wire Bridge, the lower end of the Park; or a car of the Green and Coates Streets line, which runs from Fourth Street, via Walnut, Eighth, and Coates, to the Coates Street entrance; THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. or a yellow car of the Union line, passing up Ninth Street and landing him at the Brown Street entrance; or a Ridge Avenue car, which will carry him to the East Park; or, if well up town, VIEW ()N THF SCHUYLKILL, SH OWING THE 1OAT-HOUSES AND LiEMON HII,I. a Poplar Street or Girard Avenue car, which will deposit him at Brown Street and Girard Avenue respectively. All these termini, except the last, are in the immediate vicinity of Fairmount Water-Works, at the lower end of the Park. Another route is by the Park ac 59 tZaI, A DE LPATI A I'D ITS EA AIR O,'T commodation trains of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, which in summer run every hour during the day and carry passengers from the depot at Thirteenth and Callowhill to Belmont, on the west side of the Schuylkill. Accommodation trains on the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Vine Street horse-cars also run to Hestonville, within a short walk of George's Hill, at the western end of the Park. Lastly, the visitor can hire a carriage by the day and make the tour of the Park without fatigue or difficulty; and for mere sight-seeing this is much the best wav. Entering the Park at the lower entrance, we step at once into the grounds pertaining to the Schuylkill Water-Works; and the works themselves are contained in the building, or rather group of buildings, just before us. These works were first put in operation inll I822, though the city was first supplied with water from the Schuylkill in I799. Enormous engines worked by water-pow-er force water from a dam in the -' |;~:~~i-l!~ ~ river to the top of a hill in front of the ,''?building, - the original "Faire-Mount," where it is held in a distributing reservoir. The same works supply a reservoir on Cor ~''/) ~ inthian Avenue, near Girard College. From a piazza in the rear of the building a good view is obtained of the celebrated Wire '4 g; NBridge, now a dingy structure without special beauty to an unscientific eye. The g rou n ds i mmediatel y surroundin g the buildings contain several fo u n t a i n s and pieces of statuary. The monument in our cut is tha t of Frederic c Graff, the desi gner i' ___~~~ ~and first engineer of the works. jus t a bove shrubs combinthe Water-Works is a little dock, whence in summer a couple o f minia ture steamers Hill, and on its summit is the mansion inwhply incessantly on the river, stopping at all ed points of inte rest o n their route. The main drive of the rPaerk, bsegins at Green Street, pa ssing, just inrside th e en trance, a new building designed for an art gallery, and thence running down nearly to the bank of the Schuylkill. absurd,______ wNext, crossing an open space ornamente d by a bronze statue of Lincoln, erected by the Lincoln Monument Association, in the fall of i87I, we come to another hill, covered THE FOUNTAIN NEAR BROWN STREET ENTRANCE. with trees, amon g which go winiding paths, and under which green grass and flowering shrubs combine their attractions, while around the base of the hill flowers bloom and fountains play, and the curving drive leads a glittering host of carriages. This is Lemon Hill, and on its summit is the mansion in which Robert Morris had his home during the Revolutionary struggle. Here the great financier loved to dwell. Here he entertained many men whose names were made illustrious by those stirring times. Hancock, Franklin, the elder Adams, members of the Continental Congress, officers of the army and navy, and many of the foremost citizens met frequently under this hospitable roof. Here, busy in peace as in war, he afterwards planned those magnificent enterprises which were his financial ruin; and from here he was led away to prison, the victilm of laws eq~ually barbarous and absurd, which, because a man could not pay what he o)wed, locked him up lest he might earn the means to discharge his deht. The fortunes of the once magnificent mansion have fallen, like those of its magnificent 6o PIIILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. owner. It is now a restaurant, where indifferent refreshments are dealt out at correspondingly high prices; for it is an axiom that men pay most for the worst fare. Next, following the c a r r i a g e - drive, which, beginning at the Green Street entrance, runs up the river, we come to a third hill, formerly called "Sedgely Park." Here stands a small frame building known as "Grant's Cottage," because it was used by that general as his head-quarters at City Point. It was brought here at the close of the war. From this hill there is an excellent view of the Schuylkill WaterWorks, which stand in a ravine just beyond it. At its foot is the Girard Avenue Bridge, soon to be replaced by the elegant iron structure shown in our illustration, the work of Clarke, Reeves & Co., of the Phoenix I r o n Wo r ks, which connects the East and West Parks. northeast portion of the Park, now Under this bridge passes a carriage-way l e n called, by way of distinction, the East Park. The New York Railroad Bridge, as it is popularly termed, which unites the Pennsylvania Railroad with the Camden _ and Amboy, raises its graceful arches a little above the Girard 1 Avenue Bridge, and through the rocky bluff which forms its eastern abutment a short tunnel has been cut, as the only means of opening a carriage-road to the East Park. This route was opened in the suI-i mer of i871I, and developed some of the loveliest scenery in all the Park. A number of fine old country-seats w e r e a b s o r b e d in this l} portion of the grounds, and they remain very nearly as their former owners left them. Here a distributing reservoir, to contain one - h u n d r e d and five acres, is now, being constructed. Continuing - A up this side of the river, we come finally to Laurel Hill Cemetery, and e then to the massive stone bridge 62 ENTRANCE AT EGGLESFIELD. 5 ,,.i A/ iie VIlEW,% OF SWFEET BRIER FROM EGGLESFIELD. PHILADELPHIA ANAD ITS ENVIRONS. over which the coal-trains of the =..=.._ R e a d i n g Railroad pass on their - _ wav to Richmond. WTe shall, however, find more,= marks of improvement by crossing the CGirard Avenue Bridge into the West Park. Below the bridge, on the west _ side, is a tract called "Solitude," _ 5 and in it stands an ancient house built by John Penn, son of Thomas Penn and grandson of William, and owned by his descendants until its purchase by the Park Commissioners. Just beyond this, the tall stand-pipe of the West? - Philadelphia Water-Works forms a conspicuous feature. " A short distance above the bridge is the Children's Play-ground, near Sweet Brier Mansion, and passing thi s the roa d enters L a n s d o w n e and crosses the river road by a ~ rustic bridge, from which the beau-'- -... i'% - tiful view of the Schuylkill shown VIEW ABOVE SWI;E'r BRIER. in our engraving is had. The venerable pines shown in our sketch mark the site of Lansdowne Concourse. This fine estate of Lansdowne contained two hundred acres, and was estab lished by John Penn, "the Amer ~~<,4. ican," whose nephew, also named John, the son of Richard Penn, built a stately mansion here, and lived in it during the Revolutionary war, a struggle in which his sym pathies were by no means with tlhe party that was finally successful in '______ ~ ~ p wresting from him the noble State which was his paternal inheritance and of which he had been Governor. LIeavinng the Concourse, the road _______ g ~~~skirts the base of Belmont Reser. voir, and, winding round a rather steep ascent, comes out on the summit of G(eorge's Hill two hun I dred and ten feet above high tide. This tract, containing eighty three acres, was presented to the city by Jesse and Rebecca Geor ge, whose ancestors had held it for :.:i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - i,1~ many generations. As a memorial ~ ~ ~~> ~~~-C..~, of their generosity, this spot was 5CHUYLILL BLFFS, ELOW EGELY.named G;eorge's Hill, and its rare 63 PHIL,ADELPHIA4 ANiD ITS E-NVIROAS. advantages of scenery and location will keep their name fresh forever. It is the grand objective point of pleasure - parties. Few _', Hi' ~-1~ ~ carriages make the tour of the Park with out taking George's Hill in their way, and stopping for a few moments on its summit to rest their horses and let the inmates feast their eyes on the view which lies before them, - a view bounded only by League Island and the Delaware. In the broad meadow which lies at the visitor's feet as he stands on George's Hill, looking eastward, it is proposed to hold a grand Centennial Exhibition during the centenary year of American independence. It has been decided that Philadelphia-the birthplace of liberty-shall be the place in which a grateful country will celebrat e it s hundredth birthday; and there can be no better place to hold the grand exhibition of the fruit s o f a hundr ed years' pr ogress b y which the anniversary is to be celebrated than the one already selected. A quarter of a mile of track will enable the Pennsyl vania Railroad to set down the products of all the Western and Southern States under the roof of the buildings, in the very cars in .bwhich they were first packed, and all the SWEET BRIER RAVINE. contributions of the Far East without break ing bulk except in the transfer from steamer to rail at San Francisco while goods coming from Atlantic ports can be unloaded on THE COLUMBIA BRIDGE, FROM THE WEST PARK. the Schuylkill within sight of their destination. There will be more trouble in bringing 64 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ~NEVIRONS. heavy articles from some of the manufactories or Minnesota. But we cannot dwell even on so fruitful a theme as the Centennial Exhibition. The carriage-road next brings us to Belmont Mansion. This, like most of the buildings in the Park, is of very ancient date, having probably been erected about I745. This was the home of Richard Peters poet, punster, patriot, and jurist-during the whole of his long life. Many of his witty sayings are still extant, as are also a number of his poems; while his eminent services as Secretary of the Board of War during the Revolution, Representative in Congress subsequently, and Judge of the United States District Court for nearly half his life, will not soon be forgotten. Brilliant as have been the assemblages of distinguished guests at the many hospitable country-seats now included within the bounds of Fairmount Park, the associations connected with Belmont Mansion outshine all the rest. Washington was a frequent visitor; so was Franklin; so were Rittenhouse the astronomer, Bartram the eminent botanist, Robert Morris, Jefferson, and Lafayette,-of whom a memento still remains in the shape of a white-walnuttree planted by his hand in I824. Talleyrand and Louis Philippe both visited this place; "Tom Moore's cottage" is just below, on the river-bank; and many other great nam might be mentioned in connection with LOOKING EAST FROM BELMONT. 5 65 of Philadelphia herself than from California I'HE LANSDOWNE PINES. PHIL~ADELPHIA4 AAD Z7'S EzVIA' ONS. Belmont, if we had room for them. Now, alas! the historic mansion has degenerated into a restaurant. The view from the piazza of the house is one which can scarcely be surpassed in America. Our engraving, though drawn by one of the first landscape painters in the country, gives but a faint idea of its beauty. It is one of those grand effects of nature and art combined which man must acknowledge his inability to represent adequately on paper. A VIEW IN THE WEST PARK. Leaving Belmont, the road passes through a comparatively uninteresting section to Chamouni, with its lake and its concourse, and the northern limits of the Park. Near the lake it intersects the Falls road, and this takes us down to the Schuylkill, which we cross by a bridge, and continue up the east bank of the river to its junction with the Wissahickon. The Falls of Schuylkill exist only in history now, but before the Fairmount dam was built 66 PIIIL,AD~LPIIIA AND IY S E~N'VIROAS. they were a beautiful reality. The cascade, which was formed by a projecting ledge of rock, was slight, but in seasons of high water it made a fine display. A little above the Falls is the "Battle-Ground,"-the scene of an intended battle between the Americans under Lafayette and the British under General Grant. The latter, however, unlike his distinguished modern namesake, allowed himself to be outgeneraled, and Lafayette A VIEW ON THE WISSAHICKON. succeeded in executing a masterly retreat,-that being the only thing he could do under the circumstances. Here, also, was fought the memorable and disastrous battle of Germantown. The Wissahickon is a lovely stream winding through a narrow valley between steep and lofty hills which are wooded to their summits, and have the appearance of a mountain-gorge hundreds of miles from civilization, rather than a pleasure-retreat within the limits of a great city. .67 P?HILAD~ELPIIA AND ITS E VVIROA'S. UP THE WISSAHICKON -MEGARGEE'S PAPER MIL,. In its lower reaches the stream is calm and peaceful, and boats are kept at the two or three small hostelries which stand on its banks, for the convenience of those who wish to row on the placid waters. This calm beauty changes as the valley ascends, and we soon find the stream a mountain torrent, well in keeping with its picturesque situation and surroundings. 'HE WISSAHICKON-BRIDGE AT VALLEY GREEN. A_ THE WISSAHICKON-BRIDGE NEAR MT. AIRY. 68 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. ffi THE PIPE BRIDGE OVER THE WISSAHICKON. So with alternate rush of torrent and placid beauty of calm reaches the romantic stream flows down from the high table-lands of Chestnut Hill to its embouchure in the valley of the Schuylkill. A few manufacturing establishments have invaded the sequestered valley; but the Park Commissioners have taken measures to do away with them all after a certain number of years, and restore the Wissahickon as nearly as possible to its pristine wildness and unfettered beauty. One of these invaders-Edward Megargee's paper-mill-is shown in our illustration. Like most of the others, it is now owned by the city, but will be operated by the heirs of its late owner for ten years, ending in I882, after which it will be removed. PRO BONO PUBLICO. UI' THE WISSAHICKON. 69 PHILADELPHIA AND.Z7'S ENVIR ONS. \Ve may briefly notice a few of the many points of interest in this romantic glen, some of which our artists have sketched in a manner which renders pen-and-ink descriptions superfluous. Soon after leaving the Schuylkill, the drive up the Wissahickon passes the "Maple Spring" restaurant, where a curious collection of laurel-roots deftly shaped into all manner of strange or familiar objects, the work of the proprietor, will repay a visit. A little above this, a lane descends through the woods to the Hermit's Tell, which is said to have been duoy John Kelpius, a German Pietist, who settled down here, with fbrty followers, two hundred years ago, and lived a hermit's life, waiting for the fulfillment of his dreams. He and his associates gave names to many of the scenes about here, among them the Hermit's Pool, of which we give an illustration. Three and a half miles above its mouth the stream is crossed by a beautiful structure called the Pipe Bridge, six hundred and eighty-four feet long and one hundred feet above the creek. The water-pipes that supply Germantown with water form the chords of the bridge, the whole 70 THE WISSAHICKON, AT CHESTNUT HILL. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRON~S. UP THE WISSAHICKON-THE DRIVE. being bound together with wrought-iron. It was designed by Frederic Graff, and constructed under his superintendence. A hundred yards above this is the wooden bridge shown in our engraving. Near this is the Devil's Pool, a basin in Creshein Creek, a small tributary of the WVissahickon. The next point of interest is the stone bridge at Valley Green, and half a mile beyond this HEMLOCK GLEN. THE WISSAHICKON-THE HERMIT'S POOL. 7I PHIL,ADELPHI,A AND ITS EVVIR ONS. is the first public drinking-fountain erected in Philadelphia. It was placed here in I854, and was the precursor of a numerous and beneficial following. A mile and a half of rugged scenery ensues, terminating in the open sunlight and beautiful landscapes of Chestnut Hill, where ____-_~ —-~ ~the end of the Park is reached. , _____~ m m S _ _NWXatson, in his "Annals of Phil'_ _____ _ adelphia," speaks thus of "The _ _______ _ WVissahickon:" =- ~~~~ _ >~~~~ "This romantic creek and scenery, now ____ _____ so much visited and familiar to many, was _-_~~- -4-~ —~ X-X X:_ -=-:' not long since an extremely wild, unvisited _ place, to illustrate which I give these facts, to wit: Enoch and Jacob Rittenhouse, residents there, told me in i845 that when they were boys the place had many pheas ants; that they snared a hundred of them in a season; they also got many partridges. The creek had many excellent fish, such as large sunfish and perch. The summer wild ducks came there regularly, and were shot often; also, some winter ducks. They then had no visitors from the city, and only occasionally from Germantown. T h e r e they lived quietly and retired; now all is public and bustling,-all is changed!" The natural beauties of Fair mount Park are now its chief at traction, but these can be greatly enhanced by the discreet addition of works of art in the shape of .....-' statues, fountains, busts, etc. We are happy to state that a society GI,EN IFERN, WISSAHICKON. under the name of the Fairmount Park Art Association has recently been established with the object of facilitating this adornment, and already embraces a large number of prominent citizens among its members. It should be the pride of every citizen to encourage its efforts. This Association has already erected two handsome bronze pieces, one representing "Night," the other a very handsome and artistic group, representing two wolves quarreling over the carcass of a deer. 72 PHILAD~LPH~A AND ITS ENVIRONS. MISCELLANEOUS. THERE are many objects of interest in the city which are not enumerated in this work, our object being to sketch only the principal ones. No visitor should fail to see the Navy Yard, in the southern part of the city, with its immense ship-houses, floating- and dry-docks, shops, and arsenal, and the noble vessels constantly lying at its wharves. Cars run down Second, Fourth, Sixth, and Seventh Streets every few minutes, the last named conveying passengers to the gate of the yard, and the FRANKLIN SUGAR REFINERY. others passing within a short distance of it. Admission is free to all parts of the yard, and passes to go on board the vessels can be readily procured at the commander's office, just inside the gate. The rows of ordnance, stacks of balls, and especially the arsenal, with its relics, will interest the visitor. The huge yet elegant buildings of the Franklin Sugar Refinery, at Delaware Avenue and Almond Street, a short distance above the Navy Yard, form a conspicuous object, and cannot fail to attract the visitor's attention. 73 PHII,,4ADELI PaiA AND ITS ~EVVIR ONS. As might be supposed, the Delaware, with its broad stream, deep channel, and abrupt bank, is the chosen home of the shipping interest, while the Schuylkill is still waiting for the time to come when its shores will be needed to relieve the eastern wharves. Next above the Navy Yard are the grain wharves of the Pennsylvania Railroad, with a large elevator overlooking them; and from these to Kensington there is a constant succession of shipping wharves, many of which have great local fame. Among these are Spruce Street wharf, the great oyster depot; Dock Street wharf, famous for peaches; Chestnut and Market, the great passenger wharves, where we may take boat up VINE STREET FERRY, TERMINUS OF THE CAMDEN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD. or down the river or across to Camden; Vine Street wharf, the terminus of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, whence in summer-time thousands depart daily for a run down to the beach, To cool them in the sea; " Willow Street wharf, which is one of the termini of the Reading Railroad, and near to which the extensive freight depots of the Reading and the North Pennsylvania roads stand harmoniously side by side; and Poplar Street wharf, with its huge stacks of lumber. One of the most extensive of these yards, that of Patterson & Lippincott, is represented in the accompanying view; Smith & Harris's Lumber Yard, at Coates Street wharf, is also shown. In this neighborhood, at Front and Laurel Streets, stands an imposing monument to energy 74 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENV'IRONS. and industry. The Keystone Saw Works of Henry Disston & Sons, started in a cellar by the senior member of the firm, have developed into the establishment shown in our illustration, which covers eight acres of ground, employs nine hundred hands, and turns out five tons of finished saws and other tools daily. It has branches at Tacony and Chicago, and may be well termed the pioneer factory of its kind in America. Kensington is the headquarters of the shipbuilding interest in the city proper; though there are first-class yards, turning out excellent work, at Kaighn's Point, Gloucester, Wilmington, and other points on the Delaware, all of which come properly under the head of Philadelphia enterprises. At the present time (I873) all these yards are busy, no less than sixteen iron steamers of large size being in course of construction on the Delaware, besides a number of wooden VIEW OF THE POPLAR STREET LUMBE R vessels. Three lines of first class steamers to Europe have been recently established and are now in operation. Cramp & Sons, at Kensington, secured the contract for building four of the largest-sized iron steamers at once, to be placed in service as completed. Two of these, the Pennsylvania and the Ohio, shown in our illustration, are now in active service. Philadelphia hitherto has aspired little to the title of a commercial city, but has been content with being the largest manufacturing centre in the United States. Now, however, active exertions are being made to establish a commerce, and there can be little doubt of their ultimate success. Already the house of William P. Clyde & Co. has lines of steamers running to Boston, New York, Wilmington, Baltimore, and all the principal points on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States; and several other firms have lines nearly as extensive. The venerable Thomas Clyde, founder of the firm of William P. Clyde & Co., 75 WHARVES. P76 HADELPH~JA AND ITS ENVIRONS. is probably the owner of more vessels than any other man in the world, having no less than ~fty-tzwo steamers. Kensington also c o n t a i n s m many important iron works and other manufacturing establishments; but the locality favored by the heaviest workers in iron is that formerly known as "Green Hill," extending from Thirteenth to Eighteenth Streets, on the line of the Reading Railroad. Here are the Baldwin Locomotive Works before mentioned, the Norris Locomotive Works, William Sellers & Co.'s Machine ToolWorks, h a v i n g deservedly a worldwide reputation, and several other establishments w h o s e names are known all over the Union. And at Twenty-first and Callowhill, still in the same busy region, are the extensive machine shops of William B. Bement & Son. Several of these extensive establishments are represented among our engravings. When we say that the values of Philadelphia manufactures for the fiscal year ending June 30, I87I, footed up the respectable total of nearly three hundred and forty million dollars, that eight thousand five hundred mills, foundries, and factories combined to produce this result, and that one h u n d r e d and thirty-six thousand operatives, assisted by steam-engines aggregating fifty-five thousand horsepower, did the work, the reader will see that a detailed account of the manufactures of the city is scarcely to be expected in a work of this size. Suffice it to say, then, that iron articles of any size or a) IZ ;4 ;E Toq 8 >e 76 PHIL ADE LPHIA AVD ITS ~ENVIA' 0z,Y. shape, from a tack-hammer to a {,' i. three-thousand-ton steamer, can be supplied in any quantity by the i!1 manufactories of Philadelphia. ve i te E l Oth er industri es exist in equal ofmltr a proportion. Manayunk, on the Schuylkill, is alive with paper-, cotton-, and woolen-mills; all the' other suburbs contain large in-: dustrial works; and, indeed, the: whole city is one vast workshop, in which the visitor can spend / many days pleasantly and profitably, viewing the varied opera- - [ tions of all the departments of its industry. We present a view of one of the., _ ii laboratories of Powers & Weightman, the leading manufacturers of chemicals in the country. This is situated at the Falls of Schuylkill. 4 They have another extensive establishment at Ninth and Parrish i, LI Streets, in the city proper. We also present a view of Mac- I Kell1ar, Smiths & Jordan's type- I7 foundry, the oldest existing type-' - foundry in the United States, as a_ well as one of the largest. The. \ business of the firm was founded' __I in 1796, by Binny & Ronaldson, and has steadily grown to its present size and importance. Our engraving gives a good view of the lower part of Sansom Street, //.,LIiit ___!_ with Independence Square in the b:ackgrouind. ~,ll~l,a Cornelius & Sons' establishment, the largest manufactory of gas-fixtures in the United States, II WI' is well shown in our cut. This butillding is on C h e rry, above Eighth, and is one of the many handsome manufactories which adorn the heart of the city. This firm has also a handsome store,I, on Chestnut Street, below Broad. At the corner of Fifth and ~lll~.]~ [iI~'~F }'~,' Cherry Streets is the large and imposing factory of W. H. Horstmann & Sons, of which a view is presented.~ Established in I815, this concern has for years been the most extensive manufacturers of military and society goods, dress and upholstery trimmings, etc., in this country. 77 PHIL,ADELPHIA AND ITS ENVI ROATS. VIEW ON THE DELAWARE-A CLYDE STEAMSHIP. The city takes good care of the army of working-people encamped in her midst. Not only does she afford them comfortable homes at moderate cost to an extent unequaled in any other THE FIRST VESSELS OF THE AMERICAN STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 78 PIItLADELPH~A AND ITS ENVIROXS. VIEW OF THE SCHUYLKILL AT THE FALLS. city, but she also provides liberally for their comfort when sick, for their mental improvement when in health, for their recreation when at leisure, and for their children at all times. FIFTH AND CHERRY STREETS-HORSTMANN'S BUILDING. 79 So ~~~~PHILADA L) Iia ANID ITS E NVIR ONS. '~~~~Il ~~, enslvna opia, whc a !'t~~~~~~~~~~~i "ij_ founded in 50~. It is located in .i ~ ~ I~ -'i i,'iI:Iudy nte smlrisiu '~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~to isii: th Epsoa osia,i I ~~i I~ and isqureachuned by tiheanth ": IIN.//>~Ii~ F _~ings, Spue,ach five hunredfetsln ~':lJ~',t~~~~~!I;n lu is on Gryays FxeptStrray Rand ___ SundayILw~;/ bnorfrther gallant semnstwho 'I llll~/l!)'! i~ IL ll i thi conr' service -~ ~~ -.tinithe WpilscoEye Hospital, on ,!,?~!sii__ a uotrsie a. i,l! F~!t i[ ~~ For~[[ the westablshmen of thGcuirard ~>:{ii'. -i Im = i-,~ i~?nd pupse planhd,yth alnd eeutin ..,~~~~~~~~~~I'![i Philadelphi isiiJi inete,a,frs !:i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ II~ t many other.benefis..to.Stephe I~ ~5 ingsthreac ie hundred chlden, whonmus [51~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ _ i, bepo,wit,ml:rpas e Th-~~~$ dIyas o thre siteofie thegh college, !i,'i' [."Wa l}11~"'i'll~ * rabout a minaqarnle, frmits jntion withs of:' J]t'J!lril{[~ -—:- -:I The inmtdSates Now. sy PHILADELPHIA AATD ITS ENVIRONS. The College proper is justly c el1e- Ii'l''11''"I brated as one of the most beautiful!r.Ii lll structures of modern times, as well._____}'_.... as the purest specimen of Grecian']lII::;I I'} architecture in America. It has y/iI" been so often descriged that we deem it unnecessary to give more I ____________ monument, of whi ch we give an illustration, was erected in;869 to/ Iii commemorate those of the College ":/i grad uates who fell in the war of if the Rebellion. It was designed lil~ ID P~ and built by WV. Strothers & Son, " 13b LI - I the largest dealers inl worked mnar-' ~r l~-:: bl e in the city. aisitors will pro- therta c ure tickets of admission at the e and L office, and take the! Ridge ~ Avenue car.r _____ Philadelphia has supplemented:'! her admirable educational system by establishing a number of ex- c~h_ cellent publ1ic libraries, only onel l of which, however, the Appren- ~il ~ ~ tices' Library, at Fifth and Arch, i ~.i/ I is entirely free to its patrons. Of ~I the others, the handsomest build -,__t l_ ing is that containing the Mer- ~> I~ cantile Library, on Tenth Street, I __ between Chestnut and Market. o -~_~-ttIW~ We present a view of the Cathe ~ ~~ -L i dral of St. Peter and St. Paul, on Lighteenth Street, opposite Logan' L Square. The corner-stone of this,:' —_' —7f magnificent building, the finest Catholic church in the city, and'IIIt —— =____________ up to the present date the finest _____'____ in the United States, was laid by illl ___~ the Right Rev. F. P. Kenrick, i- __ __ September 6, 1846, and it was opened for divine service Novem- ii-, ~ her, 1864. The edifice is one hun- __~-;~ dr ed and thirty-six feet front, two hundred and sixteen feet deep, -— ~~and two hundred and ten feet in ~m - total height. The interior of the i building is cruciform, and is de-i signed in the most elaborate I Roman-Corinthian style. tti=~~ Logan Square, opposite which the Cathedral stands, is surrounded with fine dwellings, and bears the same relation to this part of the city as Rittenhouse Square does to the southern portion. Surrounding the latter are many of the handsomest residences in the city, and' 6 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIARONS. especially noticeable among them is that of Joseph Harrison, Jr., on East Rittenhouse Square, a view of which is herewith presented. The seminary of St. Charles Borromeo, near Overbrook Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, about five miles firom the city, is for the instruction of those who intend to devote themselves to the ministry of the Roman Catholic Church in the diocese of Philadelphia. Its architecture is of the Italian order. SANSOM STREET AND INDEPENDENCE SQUARE. We also present a view of the Central Congregational Church, at Eighteenth and Green Streets, a new and handsome edifice, the architecture of which is in the late Norman style. For the protection of the honest portion of the community, it has always been found necessary to place restraints upon the wicked; and there are in Philadelphia several illustrations of what is frequently extolled as "the admirable prison system of Pennsylvania." The Eastern Penitentiary, to which convicts are sent from the eastern counties of the Stite, 82 PfHILAD~LPHIA AND I7S ENVIRAONS. _____________ I III II CHERRY STREET, ABOVE EIGHTH. is on Coates Street, near Twenty-second. The "separate" (nol solitary) system of confinement is adopted here, but is modified to the extent of confining two prisoners in each of the GIRARD COLLEGE. I I I 83 PHIL,ADELPHIA AND IDS ENVIRONS. larger cells whenever the crowded state of the prison renders it necessary. Each prisoner is furnished with work enough to keep him moderately busy, and is permitted to earn money for himself by overwork. He is allowed to see and converse with the chaplain, prisoninspectors, and other officials, and an occasional visitor, but not with any of his fellowprisoners. The advantages claimed for this system are that convicts have leisure and SOLDIERS' MONUMENT AT GIRARD COLLEGE. opportunity for reflection and for the formation of steady and correct habits, and are not in danger, when set free, of meeting other prisoners who can identify them and thus obtain a fearful influence over them. The grounds connected with this prison cover about eleven acres, nearly all of which space is covered with buildings, the whole being surrounded with a stone wall thirty feet high. The plan of the buildings may be compared to a star with seven rays, there being a central hall 84 . — PHILADELPHIA A~VD ITS E~VWi?O~VS. 85 with seven corridors running from 0 n~ed that the warden, sitting in the centre, has the whole length of each corridor under - M,%~Isli~ _ I - - - -- C ~#C#D~MM~~~~ffl~~~;;~~~ -- - - THE MER~ANTILE LIBRARY. Permits to visit any of the prisons in the city can he obtained at the Led6~cr office. Visitors to the Eastern Penitentiary will take the Green and Coates Streets cars (running out Eighth Street), or the yellow cars of the Union line, running out Ninth and up Spring Garden. ~ iiii I -. I.~hiiI!t.,`-~,-`-,` -, — _ II -.!}!! y{li!II.1!(I~I~iH)iiiF)~r~,,,I~,{I,~IiI~I'III~Ii!, .,-`,.- -—.. -~`!J!~!iIII!,I - y,! -,~.,I)!y..i.'.!~!! -—` . m __ II[III~'!l ____ II - III!!-.~..jr~~~I II! fl~`~~.-Y((-#'~-~~-.-/f\i,~m~.iii,;r \~.!!! (dl` - - - -"`III-`I ___`~ -~ - - - —!! dJ!!ffi!!~! -I "`!- "" I" - I -` ~I~\I, ~II1' f. di,,,,.-rw~-'.,.?!?7d` - -~ rn.~ III! IIl~~'i' _______ __ I I! -- - -``I!!, - _ ill'`~-` i;.ll\, ffJ ~- ~,! - - ~~ I - -- -. - -.! —`,~,! BIl ____ I - — fl ____! ~- ___ ---—! ~ni.~!~t (?tI~L)!t., I ~;%~~~~~~~~~..,:...,..~~` I` - - Th~ —7% - - -— Th - --- _ ERIOR viEw OF ANTILE LI BEAR `Fhe Eastern Penit iary is frequently calle berry Hill," from the former name of its site; and for the same reason the County P 0 at Eleventh and Passyonk Road, is generally PHILLADELPHI4A AND ITS ENVIRON&S. known as "Moyamensing." Visitors to this prison will take cars on Tenth or Twelfth Street, or the green cars of the Union line, on Seventh Street. The House of Refuge, for juvenile offenders, is on Twenty-second Street, near Poplar. Visitors are admitted every afternoon, except Saturday and Sunday. Take the Green and Coates, Poplar Street, or Ridge Avenue cars,-the last running up Arch to Ninth and out Ninth to Ridge Avenue. The green and red cars of the Union line, running out Ninth Street, connect with the Poplar Street line, and passengers ride through for one fare. ffi CATI-EDRAL OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL. The new House of Correction, now being built near Holmesburg, in the northern part of the city, is shown in our illustration. This building is to contain two thousand cells, and its erection is contracted for by R. J. Dobbins, the eminent builder, for the sum of one million dollars. The green cars of the Union line, running out Ninth Street, and the red cars of the Second and Third Streets line, running out Third Street, both convey passengers to Richmond, where the coal wharves of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad are situated. These are on the Delaware, about thirty-five minutes' ride north from Market Street, and present at all times a 86 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIROO,NS. SEMINARY OF ST. CHARLES BORROMEO. SEMIN-ARY' OF ST. CH-ARLES BORROMEO. scene such as can be witnessed at few other places on earth. Branching off from the main stem of the road at the Falls of Schuylkill, a double track runs to Richmond and there divides into many, and these into more, until the vast yard of the company is filled with diverging EAST RITTENHOUSE SQ(UARE. 87 PHI~LADEILPAPA AND ITS ENVIRONS. THE NEW HOUSE OF CORRECTION, HOLMESBURG. rays which resemble a gigantic fan. Puffing engines incessantly run long lines of grimy cars to the different piers, where their contents are dumped into a fleet of vessels whose size and numbers would have delighted the heart of Penn could he have anticipated such a commerce for his city. It is a busy, dirty, animated scene; and whoso would witness it must not care for soiled clothes. The Germantown Railroad will carry the visitor in a few minutes to two of- the most delightful suburbs of which the city can b o a s t. These are Germantown and Chestnut Hill, both filled with beautiful country-seats, and rendered doubly interesting by historical associations. We regret that we have not space to enumerate their most prominent 8 CENTRAI, CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. PHIL,ADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIe eNS.9 points of interest; but all we can do is to recommend the stranger to make the visit for himself. We present, however, as a specimen of the architecture in this part of the city, a view of the residence of Thomas MacKellar, at Germantown. The "Old York Road," too, running through the northwestern part of the city, passes through a beautiful rolling country studded with elegant country-seats, of which one of the finest-that of R. J. Dobbins-is shown in our illustration. Once an hour a car starts from the depot of the Second and Third Streets line at Richmond, and runs to Bridesburg. The ride from Richmond to Bridesburg is made in forty minutes, the route lying through a pleasant country, filled with country-seats and small farms, and A GERMANTOWN RESIDENCE. having the Delaware for a boundary the entire distance. The car stops within a short distance of the Frankford Arsenal, belonging to the United States Government. It is open to visitors during the day; but it is best to visit it during the forenoon, as the shops close at 4 P.M., and the length of time consumed in reaching it leaves a very small margin for sightseeing in the afternoon. The visitor crosses a little bridge, over Frankford Creek, the boundary-line between Bridesburg and Frankford, walks up a well-paved sidewalk along the wall of the Arsenal, and a polite officer on duty at the gate directs him to the office, where a pass to visit the shops is given him. The grounds are open, and he may wander at will along the paths. 89 PHIL A DE~ PHIA AND ITS ENVIiRONS. These grounds cover sixty-two and a half acres, are beautifully situated and laid out, and are kept in perfect order. A few brass field-pieces, and some long piles of cannon-balls stacked up like stone fences on New England farms, with a solitary sentinel pacing his beat, and the stars and stripes floating overhead, are the only things that suggest the warlike uses of the MOYAMEENSING PRISON. A RESIDENCE AT CHELTON HILLS, ON THE "OLD YORK ROAD. place. The shops are devoted solely to the manufacture of fixed ammunition; all the cartridges used by the United States army are made here, and, as may be supposed, the late war 90 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. taxed the energies of the laboratories to their utmost capacity. During the height of the war, work in these shops never stopped. Night and day, Sundays and holidays, it went on, the JENKS S FACTORY, BRIDESBURG. demand constantly increasing, until Lee's surrender stopped midway the erection of an THE HARRISON BOII,ER WORKS. additional building calculated to turn out one million cartridges a day. That building is finished now, and ready for the next call. 9I P9l,ADE~LPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. The manufacture of cartridges is an interesting process, and well worth seeing, and the visitor will scarcely regret the five-mile ride required to visit the Arsenal. In this vicinity the visitor's eye will be attracted by the tall chimney of the Bridesburg Manufacturing Company's Works, an establishment celebrated for cotton and woolen machinery, but diverted during the war from this peaceful business to the manufacture of guns and other warlike weapons. Another United States Arsenal is situated near the Naval Asylum, on Gray's Ferry Road. This is devoted to the manufacture of shoes, clothing, etc. It is reached by the cars of the Spruce and Pine and Lombard and South Streets railways, and just beyond it are the extensive buildings of the Harrison Boiler Works, shown in our engraving. 92 PHIL A D~LPHMA AND ITS ~N VIR ONS.9 PLACES OF INTEREST. PENN TREATY MONUMENT - Beach Street, above INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB - Broad Hanover. Take street-cars marked "Richmond." and Pine. Exhibitions Thursday afternoons. Tickets The same cars pass the extensive coal wharves of I at Ledger office. the Reading Railroad, at Richmond. EPISCOPAL HOSPITAL-2649 North Front Street. OLD SWEDES' CHURCH-Swanson Street, below UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM -- Gray's Ferry Christian. Take Second Street cars. The NAVY Road, below South. Take cars out Pine or South YARD is in this vicinity. Street. PENN'S COTTAGE-Letitia Street, between Front and NORTHERN HOME FOR FRIENDLESS CHILDREN Second, near Market. Twenty-third and Brown. Take Union line of cars LONDON COFFEE-HOUSE-Southwest corner Front out Ninth Street (Fairmount branch). and Market. BLIND ASYLUM-Twentieth and Race. Admission to CARPENTERS' HALL-Chestnut, below Fourth. Wednesday afternoon concerts, I5 cents. INDEPENDENCE HALL-Chestnut, between Fifth and BLOCKLEY ALMSHOUSE-West Philadelphia. Take Sixth. Entrance to steeple granted on application Walnut Street cars to Thirty-fourth Street. Tickets to the Superintendent, in the Hall. at 42 North Seventh Street. "HULTSHEIMER'S NEW HOUSE "-Southwest corner COUNTY PRISON, or" Moyamensing"-Eleventh and Seventh and Market. Passyunk Road. Tickets at Ledger office. CHRIST CHURCH-Second, above Market. EASTERN PENITENTIARY-Coates, above TwentyFRANKLIN'S GRAVE- Southeast corner Fifth and second. Tickets at Ledger office. Take cars out Arch. Coates Street, or Fairmount cars of the Union line. PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY and LOGANIAN LIBRARY HOUSE OF REFUGE-Twenty-second, near Poplar. -Fifth, below Chestnut. Admission every afternoon, except Saturday and LEDGER BUILDING-Sixth and Chestnut. Sunday. Tickets at Ledger office.'Take Fairmount PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY (oldest institution of cars of Union line. the kind in America, having been established in LAUREL HILL CEMETERY- Ridge Avenue. Take I786)-I27 South Fifth. Ridge Avenue cars. AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY-Fifth, below MT. VERNON CEMETERY -Nearly opposite Laurel Chestnut. Hill. ATHENAEUM and HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENN- MONUMENT CEMETERY -Broad Street, opposite SYLVANIA-Sixth and Adelphi, below Walnut. Berks. ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES- Broad, below WOODLAND CEMETERY - Darby Road, West Phil Chestnut. Open Tuesday and Friday afternoons. adelphia. Take Darby cars, or Walnut Street cars Admission Io cents. to Thirty-ninth Street. FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-Seventh, above Chestnut. LEAGUE ISLAND-Foot of Broad Street. MERCANTILE LIBRARY-Tenth, above Chestnut. FRANKFORD ARSENAL-Frankford. Take Richmond AFFRETICES LIBRRY -Southest crner ifth horse-cars. horse-cars. UNITED STATES MINT-Chestnut, above Thirteenth. Admission from 9 to I2 A.M., daily, except Saturday and Sunday. CUSTOM HOUSE-Chestnut, above Fourth. POST OFFICE-Chestnut, below Fifth. MAYOR'S OFFICE-Fifth and Chestnut. COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE-Second, below Chestnut. MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE —Third and Walnut. UNION LEAGUE HOUSE-Broad and Sansom. Vis itors admitted on being introduced by a member of the League. MASONIC HALL (old)-717 Chestnut; (new) Broad, below Arch. and Arch. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA — Ninth, above Chestnut (new building, Thirty-sixth and Darby Road). GIRARD COLLEGE-Ridge Avenue, above Nineteenth Street. Tickets at Ledger office. Take Ridge Avenue or Nineteenth Street cars. SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR VVOMEN-Northwest Penn Square. PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL —Eighth and Spruce. PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE-Hav Admission to the above, free, except where otherwise stated. 93 PHIL ADELPHI,A AND ITS ENVIRONS. PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. ACADEMY OF Music-Broad and Locust. Fox's AMERICAN THEATRE-Chestnut, above Tenth. ARCH STREET THEATRE-Arch, west of Sixth. ELEVENTH STREET OPERA HOUSE-Eleventh, above MUSEUM-Ninth and Arch. Chestnut. SIMMONS AND SLOCUM'S OPERA HOUSE-Arch, WALNUT STREET THEATRE-Ninth and Walmlut. above Tenth. MUSICAL FUND HALL-Locust, below Ninth. CHESTNUT STREET THEAT''RE-Chestnut, above HORTICULTURAL HALL-Broad, below Locust. Twelfth.,CONCERT HAI,LLI,-Chestnut, above Twelfth. RAILROAD DEPOTS. PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL RAILROAD-Thirty-first and Market, Kensington, and Market Street Ferry. PHILADELPHIA AND READING RAILROAD-Thir teenth and Callowhill; Germantowne and NorrisIown Branch, Ninth and Green. PHILADELPHIA, WILMINGTON AND BALTIMORE RAILROAD-Broad and Prime. NORTH PENSRSYIVANIA RAILR OAD- Berks and American Streets, above Second. CAMDEN ANI) ATLANTIC RAILROAD-Ville Street Ferry. WEST CHESTER AND PHILADELPHIA RAILROAD Thirty-first and Chestnut. 94 PHILADELPHIA AND I7'S E~NVIA'ON9S. _ _ _ ______ I _ _ _ B L 0 0 M S D A L E. GREAT, and varied to an extent almost unexampled elsewhere, are the natural resources and industrial interests of Pennsylvania, as portrayed on other pages of this volume, dedicated as a record of the resources and productions of our grand old Commonwealth, so aptly termed the Keystone State. In mineral and other deposits none can compare with her; in the mechanism and skill which converts her ores from their crude condition into the ponderous, delicate, or minute forms useful to man, her sons are not excelled within or without the Union. The ingenuity of Pennsylvania artisans is, in every branch of industry, almost world-wide: her locomotives traverse every road in Europe, and her iron ships, afloat and being built (a comparatively new outlet for her enterprise making the Delaware the rival of the Clyde), are destined to spread her fame wherever American commerce reaches. In view of such well-earned reputation, with such mechanical and artistic record, how fitting it is her tzilage, on which commerce, manufactures, and industry of every kind repose, should be esteemed noteworthy. It is pleasant to know that her fertile soil, her intelligent husbandmen, her crops, and flocks, and herds may be referred to as justly entitled to high discriminating praise. It is true we have not within our borders broad prairies like unto those of the far West, nor its unctuous soil which knows no depth, and ever yields without exhaustion of fertility. We glory in the natural wealth of our sister States-their prosperity is ours as well; but in our mines of coal, and iron, and other minerals, in our ceaseless flow of oil, nature has dealt kindly by us also. The gold of California, the cotton of the South, the sugar of Louisiana and Texas, the silks and other fibres of the world, the spices and coffees' of the tropics, the highest mechanism of Europe, its best efforts in the useful and fine arts, are all at our command; we have only to stretch forth our hands and grasp what has been so bountifully placed within our reach; what has been denied us in nature's profuse scattering we have gained by thoughtful, welldirected efforts in the rotation of crops, in the application of appropriate fertilizers, and other means intelligently directed to a desired end, until "Pennsylvania Agriculture" has become simply another term for high-farming and successful tillage, whilst those who, resident at distant points, seek the best, whether it be the fine strains of animals which graze its rich pastures, or the seeds of grasses, cereals, or vegetables, bend their steps hitherward, and never go empty away. Under such conditions the editor has found it no easy task to single out an individual rural estate for special notice; indeed, it must be unhesitatingly admitted, not one alone has claim to so eminent distinction, but it is impracticable on this occasion, with our limited space, to describe more than one, to be accepted as a type of many. On the Delaware, a few miles above Philadelphia, and adjoining that fertile tract known as Penn's Manor, a wise and discriminating reservation of the proprietary Governor, is BLOOMSDALE, which we have selected as illustrative of the rural industry of Pennsylvania. This 95 PHIL~ADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. estate, we do not hesitate to say, has contributed, in an especially --. large degree, to the public good, by its products and by its eminent example also. Bloomsdale may be assumed a model of intelligent industry, systematic culture, and rural progress. It embraces within its boundaries, independent of outlying lands, five hundred acres devoted to the culture and product of seeds, known in every hamlet, almost on every farm-hold and country homestead, as "Land- reth's,"-known almost equally well on the banks of the Missouri the Mississippi, and the Ganges,-for it should be stated, to the business credit and reputation of the firm, that for three generations Landreth's Seeds have been annually shipped to India, and are preferred by Englishmen resident in Hindostan to the seeds of their own native land, our climate ripening them better than the humid air of England. It is the inodest motto of the proprietors of Bloomsdale that "Landreth's Seeds speak their own praise." They certainly cannot have done so with feeble voice, for not only are those broad acres taxed to their utmost productive power, but nearly approaching one thousand other acres in addition, owned, occupied, and cultivated by the firm, are devoted to seedculture; by this it is not intended to designate lands simply tributary, tilled by their owners who raise crops on contract, without direct control of those who have bargained for the product (as it is the custom with seed-merchants thus to obtain supplies), but immediate, active, personal care and supervision. Thus an idea may be conceived, though necessarily imperfect, of the activity of mind and energy called forth by such extended operations; but system and order are ever triumphant, and in the case in point the adage is aptly illustrated. With increased acreage has come increased reputation, and Pennsylvania may claim the credit, not a slight one we opine, of having conducted within her borders a seed trade larger than exists elsewhere (if lands be taken as the measure), not alone within the Union, but without as well. Europe, travelers assert, can exhibit nothing of like extent. This is no idle boast, made in the interest of private enterprise or pride of commonwealth. Independent of the numerous workmen employed on the estate,-nimany of whom have been life-long attaches of the establishment, occupying cottages on the premises, and as much at home as the proprietors themselves-a pleasing feature which it were well to imitate,-there are three steam-engines for thrashing, winnowing, and cleaning seeds, grinding feed, etc.; a "caloric" for pumping; and an admirably well-adjusted steaming apparatus for preparing food for the werking-stock. But, still more worthy of note, there is at Bloomsdale the only successful steam-ploug,h in Pennsylvania, drawn by a Williamson direct traction-engine, running with the steadiness of a railroad locomotive, and drawing after it a gang of ploughs, or it may be a combination of surface-breakers or sub-soilers, as preparations for varied crops demand, thus accomplishing within an hour the labor of a well-conditioned team for an entire day. To have been pioneers and led the way in such an effort, and achieved success where so many doubted and others scoffed, is indeed noteworthy; and it is simply right to chronicle the fact in a volume descriptive of our State, the record, as it were, of its status at the present day. As the early efforts in river and ocean navigation are referred to with everincreasing interest as progress is made in that direction, so will in the future be those of tilafge by steam, and our State is entitled to its due share of praise with respect to land, as it unquestionably is to Fitch's exertions in steam navigation. Limited space prohibits many of the details of the operations at Bloomsdale, which we would gladly give our readers; the sketch annexed may, however, convey some idea of the extent of the structures required for the storage, drying, and preservation of crops, and otherwise successful prosecution of the peculiar business there conducted, which is a credit to the proprietors, the successors of those who founded the business in I784, and which may be classed as prominent among the many industrial enterprises of Pennsylvania. 96 PHILADELPIIIA AND ITS EVVIRONS- ADVERTISER. REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD INSURE IN THE PENN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 921 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA. $1,200,00oo0. Dividends Paid, $2,000,000. Declared Annually. Accumulated Fund, $2,306,867. :st. Because it is one of the oldest companies in the country, and past the day of experiments. 2d. Because -it is the ONLY PURELY MUTUAL Company in the State. Evely policy-holder is a member, entitled to all its advantages and privileges, having the right to vote at all elections for trustees, and thus has an influence in its management. 3d. Because it has the largest accumulated fund of any Life Insurance Company in the State. 4th. Because by economical management its ratio of expenses to total income is less than that of any company in the State. (See Official Insurance Reports.) 5th. Because it has declared MORE DIVIDENDS IN NUMBER, and of a LARGER AVER AGE PERCENTAGE, than any company in the United States. For example: A Policy for $5oo000 has been paid to the WIDOW OF A PHILADEL PHIA MERCHANT, UPON WHICH TWENTY-THREE DIVIDENDS had been declared, AVERAGING FIFTY-SEVEN PER CENT. HAD THESE DIVIDENDS BEEN USED TO PURCHASE ADDITIONS TO THIS POLICY, $6,046.00 MORE WOULD HAVE BEEN REALIZED, MAK ING THE POLICY WORTH $11,046.00. 6th. Because it is liberal in its management, prompt in its settlements, safe beyond contingency, and its rates are as low as any good company in the country. Principal Features.-Absolute security, small expenses, large return premiums, prompt payment of losses, and liberality to the insured. Special attention is called to the NON-FORFEITURE RULE PECULIAR TO THIS COMPANY, in accordance with which ALL ORDINARY LIFE POLICIES which may lapse for non-payment of premium AFTER THREE ANNUAL PAYMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE THEREON, are changed into PAID-UP POLICIES for an EQUITABLE AMOUNT, EVEN IF NO SPECIAL APPLICATION FOR THE CHANGE HAS BEEN MADE BY THE INSURED. SAMUEL C. HUEY, President. SAMUEL E. STOKES, Vice-President. H. S. STEPHENS, Second Vice-President. JAS. WEIR MASON, Actuary. H. AUSTIE, Secretary. T R U S T E E S. SAMUEL E. STOKES, ANTHONY J. DREXEL, BENJAMIN COATES, EDWARD M. NEEDLES, THOMAS W. DAVIS, JAMES O PEASE, RICHARD S. NEWBOLD, JAMES H. MACBRIDE, JOSEPH M. P. PRICE, RODOLPHUS KENT, JAMES B. McFARLAND, JOHN MILNES, SAMUEL A BISPHAM, FREDERIC A. HOYT, WILLIAM P. HACKER, WM. H. RHAWN, HENRY C. HOWELL, ELLWOOD JOHNSON, JOSEPH H. TROTTER, JOSEPH B. HODGSON EDMUND A. SOUDER, WM. C. HOUSTON, WILLIAM H. KERN, HOWARD HINCHMAN. JAMES LONG, JOHN G. BRENNER, ATWOOD SMITH, SOLICITOR, HENRY C. TOWNSEND. MEDICAL EXAMINERS. EDWARD HARTSHORNE, M.D., x439 Walnut St. EDWARD A. PAGE, M.D., 1415 Walnut St. In attendance at the Office of the Company from I to 2 P.M. daily. PHILADELPHIA, January ist, I873. B t 'i; Incorporated I847. Income for I872, Cash Dividends Losses Paid, $4,130,643. I. ~2 PHILAD-E~LPHIA AND ]7' ENVIA'ONS-ADVLERYISAR.. THE BABCOCK SELF-ACTING FIRE ENGINE Is simple in construction, perfectly safe, always ready for instant use, and has many times the extinguishing capacity of the best hand engines, and renders an expensive system of water-works unnecessary. Engines rigged with pole for horses, or rope and reel for hand. We manufacture four sizes. Price, complete, $I5oo00 to $3000. The superiority of the Engine consists in its simplicity, promptness, efficiency, convenience, saving from destruction by water, and its economy. It has been adopted by many Fire Departments, and in every instance has given entire satisfaction. Among the large number of testimonials received we give the following, from the Chief Engineer of the Boston Fire Department: FIRE DEPARTMENT OFFICE, CITY HALL, BOSTON, July I5th, 1873. MESSRS. GREENE & PLATT: Gentlfemten,-Yours is at hand; in reply I will state that the Babcock Engine in service for the past eight months has proved itself a very valuable auxziliary to this Department. In every instance it has given entire satisfaction. I cheerfully recommend the Babcock Self-A cting Fire Engine to all towns (where the water supply is limited) in referetce to a Steam Fire Engine. I remain yours respectfully, JOHN S. DAMRELL, Chief Engineer Boston Fire Deh't. We refer, by permission, to the following parties, who have the Engine in use: JOSEPH L. PERLEY, Fire Marshal, New York. FIRE DEPARTMENT, LONG BBANCH, New Jersey. JOHN S. DAMRELL, Chief Engineer, Boston. " " WAVERLY, New York. R. A. WILLIAMS, Fire Marshal, Chicago. " " WASHINGTON, New Jersey. E.G. MEGRUE, Chief Engineer, Cincinnati. " " HOLYOKE, Massachusetts. BENJ. BULLWINKLE, Chief of Patrol, Chicago. " " WESTFIELD, J. M. SILVER, Chief Engineer, Kansas City, Mo.'; " NORTHAMPTON, FIRE DEPARTMENT, NATICK, Massachusetts. For information, address GREENE & PLATT, General Agents, 212 Market Street, Philadelphia. ,, The Portable Babcock Fire Extinguisher Is in use in many Fire Departments, by over fifty leading railroads, and in thou sands of manufactories, stores, hotels, and private dwellings. It is indorsed as "the best means in existence for extinguishing incipient fires and preventing conflagrations." We refer to the following parties, all af whom have used our Machines on accidental fires, and testify to their great efficiency: MORRIS, TASKER & CO., BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, JESSE W. STARR & SONS. FRANKLIN IRON WORKS, JACKSON & SHARP CO., BOWERS, DURE & CO., M. A. FURBUSH & SON, PHILA., WIL. & BALT. R. RH CO., PHILA. & BALT. CEN. R. R. CO., PHILA. & READ. R. R. CO., PHILA. & W. CHES. R. R. CO., CUMB. VAL. R. R. CO., CAMD. & ATL. R. R. CO., LEH. VAL. R. R. CO., H. DISSTON & SONS, SOUTHWARK FOUNDRY,J. F. STARR, JR. & CO., OWEN, ECKEL, COLKET & CO., PItL. & READ. COAL CO., WM. KENDRICK, H. F. KENNEY, CON GRESS HALL, Cape May, METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Washington, STOCKTON HOUSE, Cape May, EXCURSION HOUSE, Atlantic City, HARPER & BROS., N.Y., C. T. PARRY, MATT. BAIRD. BABCOCK FIRE APPARATUS, ENGINES, EXTINGUISHERS, AND HOOK AND LADDER TRUCKS. GREENE & PLATT, General Agents, 212 Market St., Phila, PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIR ONS-AD VER TISEAR. TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY. The Pennsylvania Company for Insuranices on Lives and Granting Annuities. NEW OFFICE, 431 CHESTNUT STREET. INCORPORATED MARCH 10, 1812. C ARX TR PE_PE TUAL. CAPITAL, $2,000,000. Chartered to act as Executors, Administrators, Trustees, Guardians, Assignees, Committees, Receivers, Agents, etc.: and for the faithful performance of all such duties all its Capital, Surplus, and Assets are liable. All Trust investments are inscribed in the names of the owners of property held in trust, and kept separate and apart from the assets of the Company. Trust funds are invested as closely as possible, and on trust balances interest is allowed at the rate of Four per cent. per annum, as required by the Charter. Income collected and remitted for One per cent. 0OIT DOITDY DED:POSITS Interest allowed at Three per cent., payable by check on demand, or at Four per cent., payable by check after ten days' notice. SAFES INSIDE THE COMPANY'S BURGLAR-PROOF VAULTS are offered for rent at various prices, according to size and location, from $I 5 to $75 per annum. For Corporations and Bankers an extra size is provided. Every convenience is furnished Safe Renters in the way of desks, writing materials, etc., in adjoining rooms. The Company receive on deposit, for safe-keeping, Gold and Silver Plate, Jewelry, Deeds, Mortgages, and valuable articles generally, giving an absolute guarantee for their return on demand, at the usual rates. LINDLEY SMYTH, PRESIDENT. LILBURN H. STEEL, TREASURER. JARVIS MASON, TRUST OFFICER. WM. B. HILL, ACTUARY. D I tR iD C D 0 R S. LINDLEY SMYTH, WM. S. VAUX, JOSHUA B. LIPPINCOTT, ANTHONY J. ANTELO, CHARLES DUTILH, ADOLPH E. BORIE, CHAS. H. HUTCHINSON, CHARLES S. LEWIS, HENRY J. WILLIAMS, ALEXANDER BIDDLE, GEORGE A. WOOD, HENRY LEWIS, JACOB P. JONES. SURPLUS, $750,ooo. PHILADELPHI4A AND 1TS ENViR ONS-AD VER TISER. STEPHEN P. M. TASKER. MOR1RI S, TASKER. FASCAL IRON WORKS, PHILADELPHIA,RON PHILADELPHIA, TKER IRON S, NEW CASTLE, DEL Words and Off ce, Fift]v and Tas1ver ts., Philadelphi; Office and Waarehouse, 1S Gold St., Neew York; Office, 29 Pemberton Square, Boston; - Officeandd Warehouse, Titusville,Pa. MANUFACTURERS OF WROUGHT IRON WELDED TUBES, Plain, Galvanized, and(Rubber Coated, for Gas, Steam, and Water, LAP-WELDED CHARCOAL IRON BOILER TUBES, OIL WELL TUBING & CASING, Gas and Steam Fittings, Brass Valves and Cooks, GAS AND STEAM FITTERS' TOOLS, CAST IRON GAS & WATER PIPE, STREET LAMP POSTS & LANTERNS, IMPROVED COAL GAS APPARATUS, ETC. 4 THOMAS T. TASKER, JR. I & ~0-.,9 WO R K..,~SI PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-ADDVERTISE.R. THE AGE. DAND WEEKLY. DEMOCRATIC Newspaper in Pennsylvania. Carefully made up and neatly printed. W Attractive in all its features. I The DAILY reaches those who take and read no other paper. The DAILY contains able editorials,. all the latest local, American, and Foreign news by Associated Press and Cable New York and Washington correspond-s ents, etc. J Circula tion Large. by Unsurpassed, The " WEEKLY AGE" is acknowled The "DAILY AGE" is respected byUn uae to be the best Family Journal printe all,-even its political opponents.. Philadelphia. Unqald Philadelphia... T -M.: M S DAILY for one year.........$8.oo WEEKLY, one year..................... $1.50 - With great reductions to clubs. Subscriitions payable iizvariably in advance. SPECIMEN COPIES SENT FREE ON APPLICATION. All communications should be addressed to ROBB & BIDDLE, Proprietors, Nos. I4 & i6 South Seventh Street, Philadelphia. JAMES M. ROBB. CHAS. J. BIDDLE. ~~~~~~~~~~~CHARLES MAGARGE & C~~O~~., WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Paper and Paper Makers' Materials, Warehouse, 30, 32, and 34 South Sixth Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA. THE UNDERSIGNED OFFER TO THE TRADE THE FOLLOWING: MAP, PLATE, AND PRINTING PAPERS; BLANK BOOK PAPERS (COMPRISING BEST MAKES); CAP, LETTER, NOTE, BLOTTING PAPERS,- ETC.; BOND PAPERS; PRESS BOARDS; TISSUES; MANILLA. PAPER MAKERS' MATERIALS.-Imported and Domestic Rags, Bleaching Salts, Wire Cloths, Feltings, Ultramarine. Papers made to order at short notice at our Wissahickon and Hanwell Mills. C.RI},sE-f,aEF# & Co. DAILY tingircle. 'enne enwith ; are adies Sundged :d in Price Low. Contents Varied. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS EzV~ROzS-AD VERTISER. PHILADELPHIA & READING RAILROAD, Depot, Thirteenth and Callowhill Streets. THROUGH TRAINS DAILY TO Williamsport, Harrisburg, Allentown, Lancaster, Columbia, Shamokin, Mahanoy City, Ashland, Pottsville, Reading. CONNECTIONS FOR POINTS IN NEW YORK STATE, CANADA, WEST, AND NORTHWEST DAILY. PARK ACCOMMODATION TRAINS. For the convenience of visitors to FAIRMOUNT PARK, trains are run frequently, landing passengers at the entrance to the FAMOUS BELMONT GLEN. GERMANTOWN & NORRISTOWN BRANCH. Depot, Ninth and Green Streets. Between 30 and 40 Trains each way to and from GERMANTOWN Daily. x5 " 20 " CHESTNUT HILL Daily. "20 As A s MANAYUNK, CONSHOHOCKEN, and NORRISTOWN Daily. The frequency of trains and low commutation rates offer great inducements to those who desire to reside in the suburban districts. J. E. WOOTTEN, C. G. HANCOCK, Gen. Supt., Reading, Gen. Ticket Agent, Phila. C. H. GARDEN & CO., Nos. 606 & 608 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA, MANUFACTURERS, IMPORTERS, AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN Hats, Caps, and Straw Goods, LADIES' AND MISSES' FURS, GENTS' FUR COLLARS AND GLOVES. A FULL AND VARIED STOCK OF Ladies' and Gents' Buck, Flesher, and Kid Gloves, Gauntlets, etc. A FULL LINE OF MILLINERY GOODS, CONSISTING OF Bonnets, Hats, Ribbons, Silk Velvets, Laces, Flowers, Frames, etc. AN EXAMINATION OF OUR STOCK IS EARNESTLY SOLICITED. PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS ADVERTISER. 7 A//W TS F'OIEDDIIG, - FURNITURE; MATTRESS, FEATIEE, i to I~t t %tA')lot t'l4# WAREROOKS, // Nos 21 and 23. i. Tenth St.. // above Ma.. FOR'/ A -' ITI S]F'OR X -Nlrs %OErWIRE ~ATTRESS. A large stock of goods, from the cheapest to the RY BEST QUALITIES, A IW V A YA S 0 l I. A. WILLIAM STRUTHERS. JOHN STRUTHERS. WILLIAM STRUTHERS, JR. $TRUT9;~N ie0N$ MARBLE, GRANITE, AND SANDSTONE WORKS, ESTABLISHIED 1818. MONUMENTAL WORK AND MARBLE MANTELS CONSTANTLY ON HANDS DESIGNS FURNISHED from PLAINEST to MOST ELABORATE. BUILDING WORK'OF ALL KINDS CONTRACTED FOR. SCOTCH GRANITE.. IMPORTED. OFFICE and WAREROOMS, 1022 Market St8' 8STEAM WORKS, Walnut St8 Wharf, 8Schuylkill. ) PHILADELPIIA AND ITS -P-VIRONS —ADVERTISER. THE AMIERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION, -- NO. 1122 C51]H]STNtlrT STERE:-:T, PHIILADE::LPHIqA,, 0 1:F:13 El S SPECIAL TERMS TO SUNDAY-SCHOOLS IN THE SELECTION OF NEW AND REPLENISHING OF OLD LIBRARIES. THE SOCIETY ISSUES THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORLD, A Monthly for Teachers. 50 cents per annum. Containing the International Series of Sunday-School Lessons, with Explanations by the Rev. JOHN HIALL, D.D. Of three grades for the use of Scholars. 75 cents per copies, monthly. Of three grades for the use of Scholars. 75 cents per loo copies, monthly. THE CHILD'S WORLD, onth. Edited by the Rev. DR. NEWTON. IOO copies, $24.00 per annum. Specimens of papers furnished on application to KIRKPATRICK, Superintendent of Depositories, 1122 Chestnut St., Philade lphia. MANUFACTURERS OF GR,SQUARE, AND UPRIGHT PIANOS. These Colebrated Instruments have been Awarded THE PRIZE MEDAL of the STPRY OF ALL NATIONS, nd are fully indorsed by the following Eminent Artists: Pref. EARL W~~~"OK Prof. PIIt. ONDIvELLtA, IKLKlll" JSECKT, A. ". D'AUZIA, " CA3L BENTS, " SIMON KASLER, " WX. G. VOGT, " 1. L. CONNELLY, " XARlBE ASLLE, " EONSZ VOGT, " CARL DE BUBNA, p Our prices are moderate, and every instrument is warranted to give satisfaction. A Send for our Illustrated Catalogue, containing full particulars, with description, prices, etc. Mailed free on application. SCHOMACKER PIANO FORTE MASNUFG 00., Wgreroms, 1103 CHESTNUT STREET, Phila. GRAND, Pof. CAL WOLFBORY, "M IOKAEL E. cOlos, " A. BESR.N, " ZAIR LOUIS, " a. (t. THUNDER, " WM. J. LEMON, PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-ADVERTISER. I~~~~~~~~~~ *.0 a A $,X,3ar 4 7 I334 CHESTNUT STREET. THE BEST PLACE TO BUY RELIGIOUS BOOKS, SABBATH-SCHOOL BOOKS, SABBATH-SCHOOL REQUISITES, CI-0OS Os, BE-ARD TIrCKETS, ETCo In addition to its own list, which is very full, the Board keeps a large assortment of the publications of other houses. 8pecial Attention given to the 8election of Sabbath-School Libraries. PHeNIXVILLE BRIDGE WORKS. CLARKE, REEVES & CO,E Eineers and Builders Engin~. -.elr an euldr - OF IRON BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, ROOFS, ETC. The attention of the officers of raijway companies is called to our ]]Izw IdL]BU OF DZ SI MGSs, showing the various styles of IRON RAILWAY BRIDGES, VIADUCTS, Etc., that we have constructed and are prepared to construct. We will send it by mail on application to our address, 410 WALNUT 8STREET, Philadelphia. 9 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS-AD VERTISER. PRESCOTT'S WORKS. OF WASHINGTON IRVING. COMPLETE IN FIFTEEN UNIFORM VOLUMES. Each Volume with Portrait on Steel. I. THE KNICKERBOCKER EDITION. Profusely Illustrated with Steel Plates and Wood-cuts. 27 vols. Large s2mo. ExtraCloth, Gilt. Pervol.,$2.50. Half Calf, Gilt. Per vol., $4.00. II. THE RIVERSIDE EDITION. With Steel Plates. 26 vols. I6mo. Cloth, Gilt. Per vol., $I.75. Half Calf, Gilt. Per vol., $3.25. III. THE PEOPLE'S EDITION. 26 vols..6mo. With Steel Vignette Titles. Cloth. Per vol., $I.25. Half Calf. Per vol., $2.50. IV. THE SUNNYSIDE EDITION. With Steel Plates. 28 vols. i2mo. Cloth. Per vol., $2.25. Half Calf, Gilt. Per vol., $4.00. Prescott's History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholic. 3 vols. Prescott's.idstory of the Conquest of 2[exico. 3 vols. Prescott's History of the Reign of Philip the Second, Aing of Spain. 3 vols. PPrescott's History of the Conquest of Peru. 2 vols. Prescott's Robertson's History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles the Fifth. 3 vols. Prescott's Biographical and Critical Miscel lanies. With Portrait of Author. I vol. Embracing the following, sold separately: Bracebridge Htall- Wolfert's Roost-Sketch Book - Traveler-Knickerbocker-Crayon Miscellany -Goldsmith -Alhambra -Columbuts, 3 vols. Astoria -Bonneville -Mahomet, 2 vols.-Gra lnada-Salmagundi -Spanish Papers-Wash ington, 5 vols.-Life and Letters, 3 vols. -EACH WORK SOLD SEPARATELY. Price per voZl.: Cloth, $2.50; Library Sheepi, $3.00o; Half Calf, kilt extra, marble edges, $4.50; Hag Turkey, gilt {op, $4.50. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of the price by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.,.Publishers, 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail. postpaid, on receipt of price by J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers, 715 and 717 Mfarket St., Philadelphia. 715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia 715 and 717 market St., Philadelphia. "Legible, Portable, Handsome and Cheap." THE GLOBE EDITION OF TWO NEW and BEAUTIFUL EDITIONS OF THACKERAY S WORKS. BULWER'S NOVELS. This edition of the Novels of Sir EDWARD BULWER LYTTON, Bart. (Lord Lytton), is complete in Twenty-three neat i6moVolumes, printed on Tinted Paper, with Engraved Frontispiece, each of the volumes averaging over 700 pages, handsomely bound in Green Morocco Cloth. Price, $1.50 per vol. Also bound in a variety of handsome styles, suitable for presents. The following are each complete in one volume: The Caxtons-Pelham-Eugene Aram-The Last of the Barons-Lucretia —Devereux —The Last Days of Pompeii - Rienzi -Godolphin -A Strange Story-Zanoni-Harold-Leila, Pilgrims of the Rhine and Calderon-Night and Morning-Ern est Maltravers-Alice-Paul Clifford-The Dis owned-Kenelm Chillingly. The following are complete in two volumes: "My Novel " -What will He do with It! "We have more than once commended the Globe as the best edition of Bulwer accessible to American readers."Cidth. Gazelle. 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