GN 670 I I.......1 111,11 1111 1111 Jll 111 1 llllll IJ I II 3 9015 00240 154 8 University of Michigan - BUHR I~ I A PRELIMINARY.CATALO CATA LO OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BIS' OF FLYN IAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATI HISTORY. PARTS I.-II. 'Kahilis, Feather Ornaments, Mats and Kapas. Household Implements, Tools, Amusements, War, Worship, Ornaments, Medicine, Fish-.eries and Canoes, Relics of Chiefs.:.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *., HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS..189..; ~ ~t~I~t~~i ~:*C ~.. r ~;,t; 'h:;~ ~Y t~rI -J i~""L 7I I I A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE BERNICE PALAHI BISHOP IUSEUNMIO OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY HISTORY. AND NATUT L PART I. Kahilis, Feather Ornaments, Mats. and Kapas. i HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 1892. II I I.i 7~~.~61~ V GtV * 6.q ol 1,..04. 1 —'! p4L, 7 1o-13-37 3q4> 7 CTRUSTEES. HON. CHARLES R. BISHOP, President. REV. C. M. HYDE, D.D., Vice-President. HON. SAMUEL M. DAMON, Treasurer. CHARLES M. COOKE, Secretary. HON. JOSEPH 0. CARTER. THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM is at present open free to the public on Fridays, from 9 A.M. until 12 M., and on Saturdays, from 2 until 5 P.M. WM. T. BRIGHAM, A.M., Curator. I ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS CATALOGUE. QE. Queen Emma Collection. JSE. Joseph S. Emerson Collection C. Eric Craig Collection. MR. Main Room of the Museum. KR. Kahili Room of the Museum. PG. Picture Gallery. EH. Entrance Hall. D. Not on exhibition for want of space, or for other reasons. HG? Hawaiian Government Museum. I I 0 I 0 I 4 THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY WAS founded in 1889 by Charles R. Bishop in memory of his wife, whose honored name it bears. The Museum is built of grey basalt, quarried in the neighborhood, and the interior finish is mainly in koa wood from Maui: it is essentially fireproof. It occupies a central position on the grounds of the Kamehameha Schools founded by Mrs. Bishop at Kapalama, a western suburb of Honolulu. The nucleus of the collection within its walls was the store of kapas, mats, calabashes, kahilis, and other ornaments and relics belonging to Mrs. Bishop, and bequeathed to her as the last of the Kamehamehas. To this was added by bequest the treasures of Queen Emma; and by purchase the extensive collections of Mr. Joseph S. Emerson of the Government Survey; the stone implements of Mr. George H. Dole, late of Kauai; a very valuable collection made in New Guinea; and last, although perhaps most important in variety and value, a collection made by Mr. Eric Craig of Auckland, N. Z. The Hawaiian Government has deposited in this Museum the collection formerly known as'the Government Museum. Many other articles have been given to the Museum by friends; all these sources are mentioned in the pages of this catalogue. Although so recently established, this Museum may already claim the first rank in certain departments, as kahilis, calabashes, kapas, mats, and Polynesian stone implements. It is hoped that eventually (when sufficient room can be provided) not only the Ethnology of Polynesia will be fully represented, but the Natural History as well, by authentically named specimens, so that the means may be provided for a study of the natural productions of 8 a large part of the Pacific Ocean and its Islands. At present the energies of the Museum are concentrated in securing a complete series of Hawaiian Natural History, Products, and Antiquities. It has been thought desirable to issue the catalogue at the present time, although the collections are not yet fully classified and arranged, and are far from complete, that it may serve as a basis for future corrections and additions. CATA LOGUE. Kahilis.-The use of feathers, whether for personal ornament or general decorative purposes, was very general among nations and tribes we are pleased to call uncivilized. Pizarro and the Conquistadores of Peru were astonished at the beauty of the feather canopies and plumes of the Inca Court. The Indians of North America, possessing less brilliant birds, yet made good use of the turkey, crow and eagle in their gorgeous war-dress, and the ancient sculptures of Central America have preserved to us through the centuries the form of feather canopies, plumes and even kahilis. In India and the East Indies the splendid fans and screens of peacock, pheasant and parrot feathers have long been celebrated by travelers. The Assyrian royal feather plumes were used much like the Hawaiian. In Papua or New Guinea the feathers of the Bird of Paradise and the cassowary are generally used for head ornaments, and the native Australian uses in a similar way the feathers of the Emu, Lyre-bird and others. Coming nearer in our own province we find the curious masks of Tahiti made of varied feathers, but no longer to be procured; the Samoan and Tongan feather currency and necklaces, and most important of all the Maori feather cloaks made of Hihi (Pogonornis cincta). Fly-flaps of feathers were common all through the Pacific, and in this Museum are several made of Emu feathers. Nowhere in the world, however, has the use of feather ornament attained the refined magnificence seen in the Hawaiian Islands. It is not that the Hawaiian birds are more brightly plumed, for the Birds of Paradise, the Trogons and Humming-birds are far more 10 brilliant, and the avifauna of these Islands is limited and by no means remarkable for bright coloring. The feathers used by the ancient Hawaiians were: Mamo (Drepanis pacifica), Yellow and black. Oo (Acrulocercus nobilis), Yellow and black. Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinia), Scarlet. Apapane (Himatione sanguinea), Crimson. Amakihi (Drepanis flava), Yellow. Ou (Psittirostra psittacea), Green. Koae (Phaeton rubricauda), Red. In modern times peacock, parrot, mina, duck and barn-yard fowl have all contributed. Bird feathers on these Islands exceeded in value any other kind of property. Once a year the commoners paid a tax in feathers to the year-god [Akua makahiki], and feathers were also given as presents [Palala] to chiefs. The feathers were attached to slender fibres, as shown in Nos. 139, 140, Case 8, KR. Feather hunting was a special vocation, and as most of the birds whose feathers were in demand are found inland and often high up in the mountains, much labor and patience was spent in catching them. Sometimes a net (No. 138, Case 8, KR.), or snare was used, but more frequently a bird-lime composed of the gum of the breadfruit, or the viscid milk of the arboreal lobeliads, was smeared on the branches of trees the birds frequented; and it is said that the hunters sometimes transplanted strange trees to the midst of the forest to excite the birds' curiosity. To obtain the pair of tail feathers of the koae the hunters climbed the steep palis where these birds nest, and plucked the long feathers (see Nos. 18, 20, 23) while the bird was on the nest. Kapus protected the birds to some extent, but the customs of the bird-hunters were a more complete protection, for although the oo was especially good eating, it was generally spared to renew at the next moulting the small axillary tufts of yellow feathers which were plucked, when those of less value about the tail were left untouched. It need hardly be mentioned that the often repeated statement that there are but two feathers to each bird is a popular delusion: the specimens in the collection of this Museum show plainly the mistake. The arrangement of feathers on necklaces [na lei], on kahilis, on the capes and cloaks (ahuula, or when wholly of mamo, alaneo), on helmets [na mahiole], or on the wicker gods (as Kukailimoku, No. 11 3900, Case 17, MR.), was the principal occupation of noble women. Feathers of the leis were strung on a fibre of the olona [Touchardia latifolia], and the cloaks were made of a net of this same olona (Nos. 2840, 2841, Case 8, KR.) to which the feathers were sewn, as they were to the helmets and gods. In the large kahilis the feathers were bound to stems of various substances, frequently the mid-rib of a palm leaf, and clusters of these were bound to the main stem or handle. When not in actual use all feather ornaments were packed in calabashes or other suitable containers, and the great kahilis wt re dismounted and packed away with tobacco leaves. Kahili, meaning a plaited or twisted thing, seems to have bten originally a fly-flap, and to have later attained the enormous size iffected by the kings and high chiefs, The largest hulintanu in this Museum is 4 feet high and 2Y feet in diameter, while the sticks are often 15 to 18 feet long.* These sticks were sometimes made of a kauila spear [pololu kauila], as in Nos. 2, 4, 11, or of disks of tortoise-shell strung on a central rod and sometimes alternating with whales' ivory or human bone. Two of this second kind of stick, comrrrenced by the high chief Paki, but never finished, may be seen in Case 8, KR. In more modern times ash handles, and those of inlaid native woods turned and polished, have been generally used. Formerly the base of the hulumanu was m.tde of close feathers, and the silks and ribbons are of course quite modern, but in general use. In the present series the oldest dates from the reign of Kamehameha I.; others have been used in all the royal funerals since his time. 1 Kahili.-Hulumanu oo feathers; black and white trimmings; ash pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 1, KR. 2 " Blue peacock feathers; orange trimmings; Kauila spear pole; Queen Emma. Noel.... he inoa no ia no ka Moi wahine Ema a ua hea ia i keia Kahili. Case 1, KR. 8 " Peacock feathers, short and flat; koa pole; pink and orange trimmings; Ht R. H. Ruta Keelikolani. Case 1, KR. 4 " Green peacock feathers; orange trimmings; kauila spear. Kamakamao he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema, a ua hea ia i keia kahili. QE. Case 1, KR. * The Rev. C. S. Stewart saw in the early days of Kamehameha II. kahilis with poles near thirty feet high, the hulumanu forming cylinders fifteen- or eighteen inches in diameter, and twelve or fourteen feet long. *.... 12 65 Kahili.-Oo feathers; purple and lavender trimming; koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 1, KR. 6 " Black and white feathers; purple and white trimmings. Queen Emma. Laielohelohe he inoa no kona kupunawahine a ua hea ia no keia kahili. Case 1, KR. 7 " Duck feathers dyed red; hulumanu globular; blue, white and cherry trimmings; painted pole; Queen Emma. Case 2, KR. 8 " Grey and white feathers in globular form; cherry and brown trimmings; painted pole; Queen Emma. Kalelehoano, he inoa no ia no ka Moiwahine Ema, o keia na kahili opuu i ukali i ko ka Moiwahine hoolewaia ana. Case 3, KR. 9 " Grey and white feathers with red feather base; cherry and white trimmings; metal pole; given by the halfcastes to the Prince of Hawaii. Case 6, KR. 10 " Grey loose feathers with tropic bird tail feathers; cherry and lavender trimmings. Kamakaalaneo, he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema, a ua hea ia ma keia inoa keia mau kahili. Case 6, KR. 11 " Peacock feathers, blue and orange trimmings; kauila spear; Queen Emma. Case 6, KR. 12 " Ostrich feathers; purple and orange trimmings; Queen Emma. Kaleoaloha, he makana wale ia mai ka hulu; he inoa keia mawaena o ke alii a me kona haku kahili. Case 6, KR. 13 " Blacx feathers; light blue and pink trimmings; Mrs. Bishop. Case 6, KR. 14 " Oo feathers; buff and black trimmings. Kumaka, he inoa ia o kona kupunawahine oia ka makuahine o Kamalalawalu moi o Maui; he hulu eleele o ka Oo kona hulu. Case 7, KR. 1 " White duck feathers; pale blue trimmings; stem wound spirally with blue and white; made by Her Majesty Liliuokalani for Mrs. Bishop's funeral. Case 7, KR. 16 " Large feathers dyed red; orange and cherry trimmings. Leleoili, he inoa keia no Kekelaokalani ko ka Moiwahine makuahine; he elua laua nei ma keia inoa; heavy kauila pole. Case 7, KR. f 18 1 7 Kahili.-Iwa feathers from the Guano Islands; cherry and orange trimmings; H. R. H. Keelikolani. Case 7, KR. 18 " Tropic bird feathers; cherry and white trimmings; pole native woods; Mrs. Bishop. Case 7, KR. 19 " Yellow oo feathers; blue and yellow trimmings; tortoise-shell and bone pole; H. R. H. Victoria Kamamalu. Case 7, KR. 20 " Yellow feathers with tropic bird's tails; black and orange trimmings; turned kauila pole; Queen Emma. Case 8, KR. 21 " White duck feathers, very large; light blue and white trimmings; ash pole; made for Mrs. Bishop's funeral. Case 8, KR. 22 " Yellow feathers and tropic bird tails; black feather base; black and orange trimmings; tortoise-shell and bone handle; Malulani; Queen Emma. Case 8, KR. 23 " Tropic bird tails; cherry and white trimmings; native woods pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 9, KR. 24 " *Grey, white tipped feathers; black base; black and white trimmings; handle of tortoise-shell and human bone. The "Kumu," or principal bone is the right shin bone of Kaneoneo, a noted chief of Kauai who was killed in the battle of Nuuanu [1795]. The other bones are of chiefs who fell in the same battle and were thus honored by the conqueror. When a chief is at the point of death these bones are supposed to rattle. See No. 117. Case 9, KR. 25 " Duck feathers dyed; mate to No. 16; Leleoili; Queen Emma. Case 9, KR. 26 " Yellow and red feathers, black base, black and orange trimmings, pole of tortoise-shell and ivory; H. R. s ~ H. Victoria Kamamalu. Case 9, KR. 27 " Oo feathers; Kekuaipoiwa, he inoa keia o ke kupunawahine oia ka makuahine o Kamehameha a me Keliimaikai; he hulu Oo kona hulu; Queen Emma. Case 9, KR. 28 " Peacock feathers, large; pink and yellow trimmings; Mrs. Bishop. Case 10, KR. *Presented by G. D. Gilman, Esq., of Boston.... 14 29 Kahili.-Grey with tropic bird tails, mate to No. 10; Queen Emma. Case 10, KR. 30 " Black peacock feathers, grey and white base, black and white trimmings, tortoise-shell and ivory pole; Queen Emma. Case 10, KR. 31 " Ostrich feathers, mate to No. 12, Kaleoaloha; Queen Emma. Case 10, KR. 32 (" Red feathers; grey and white base; cherry and white trimmings; tortoise-shell and ivory pole; H. R. H. Victoria Kamamalu. I Case -10, KR. 33 " MSate to No. 8; Kalelehoanoano; Queen Emma. Case 13, KR. 34 " Duck feathers dyed red, globular head, light blue and white trimmings, koa pole; Queen Emma. Case 14, KR. 35 Grey and black feathers, large; painted pole; Keaka, he inoa keia no kona kupuna a o ka hooholo loa ana o Keakamaha, a ua hea ia i keia kahili; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 36 " Black and white oo feathers, short and thick, pale blue base, purple and lavender trimmings, turned koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 15, KR. 37 " Blue peacock feathers, orange and purple figured base, purple and yellow trimmings, painted pole; Kalanikaumakamana, he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema a ua hea ia i keia kahili; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 38 " Peacock feathers, large and flat, pink base, cherry and yellow trimmings, turned koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 15, KR. 39 " Black feathers, black and orange base arfl trimmings; Kaowao, he inoa ia o kekahi kupuna ona; oia ke alii i ana maia e na makaainana kona kupapau a puni na moku o Maui; he alii aloha oia i na makaainana, a he aloha na makaainana iaia; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 40-43 " Duck feathers dyed red, rough kauila poles, Queen Emma; Pilialoha, o na kahili pili eha keia ma ka aoao o ka pahu o Kekelaokalani i kona hoolewa ia * 15 ana, a oia no na pili o ka pahu o ko ka Moiwahine hoolewa ia ana. These four kahilis stand at the corners of the Bird Case, KR. 44-45 A pair of kahilis made of sugar cane were presented to Queen Emma as a birthday offering, January 2, 1883, by the women of Wailuku, Maui. Ka makana Hoohiwahiwa, he kahili i hana ia mai ka ha Pu mai; he makana mai ka Hui wahine mai o Wailuku no ka la hanau. On the main stairway. Smaller kahilis used both as insignia of chieftainship and as fly-flaps. 46 Kahili.-Red feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell handle. Case 1, KR. 47 " Black wing feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 1, KR. 48 " Peacock feathers, red and yellow base and top, native woods handle. Case I, KR. 49 " Red feathers, native woods handle. Case 1, KR. 50 " Black and grey split feathers, whip handle. Case 1, KR. 51 " White feathers, native woods handle. Case 1, KR. 52 9 " Black feathers, large, native woods and bone handle. Case 1, KR. 53 ( Cock feathers, brown and white, whip handle. Case 1, KR. 54 " Black feathers tipped with white, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 1, KR. 556 Oo feathers, whip handle. Case 6, KR. 56 Peacock feathers, red and yellow top and base, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 57 " Imall red feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 58 W hite feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 59 Oo feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle, yellow top and base. Case 6, KR. 60 ' Oo feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 61 " " " " " Case 6, KR. 62. Black feathers, " " " Case 6, KR. 63 " Red hen feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 64 " " " " " Case 6, KR. 16 65 Kahili.-Peacock feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 66 " " I" " " " Case 6, KR. 67 " " " tall plain wood handle. Case 6, KR. 68 White feathers, boiled, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 6, KR. 69 " Peacock feathers, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 70 " " tortoise-shell handle. Case 7, KR. 71 " Large, black, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 72 " Green and Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 7, KR. 73 " Red feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 7, KR. 74 " White split feathers, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 75 " Parrot feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 76 " Black feathers with red and yellow base, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 77 Black and white feathers, long, whip handle. Case 8, KR. 78 " Black and white feathers, long, whip handle. Case 8, KR. 79 " Oo feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 80 Oo feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 81 " Mina feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 82 " Mina feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 83 " Smoky feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 84 Parrot, split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 85 " Parrot, split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 86 " Oo feathers. - Case 8, KR. 87 " Oo with yellow and green base and top, tortoise-shell handle. Case 9, KR. 17 88 Kahili.-Black feathers, with blue, yellow and red base, tortoise. shell handle. Case 9, KR. 89 " Kala feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 90 " Kala feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 91 " Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 92 " Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 93 " Kala feathers, native woods and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 94 " Red and brown, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. " Case 9, KR. 95 " Oo, green and yellow base, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 96 (" Mottled, yellow and blue base and top, native woods handle. Case 9, KR. 97 " Oo, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 10, KR. 98 " Blue peacock,,yellow and blue base, tortoise-shell handle.. Case 10, KR. 99 " Blue peacock, yellow and blue base, tortoise-shell handle. Case 10, KR. 100 " Soft white feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. 101 " White duck, native woods handle. Case 10, KR. 102 " Red and black feathers, native woods handle. Case 10, KR. 103 " Red and black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 10, KR. 104 " Breast feathers, tortoise-shell handle. Case 10, KR. 105 " " " " Case 10, KR. 106 " Peacock, given to H. R. H. Keelikolani by Mrs. Parker. Case 10, KR. 107 " Black feathers, yellow base, tortoise-shell handle. Case 10, KR. 108 " Red and white feathers spirally arranged, whip handle. Case 10, KR. 109 " Black feathers, yellow base, yellow and black top, native woods handle. Case 10, KR f.,. - i - -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:. \,, t;';'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,., 18 110 Kahili.-Black oo, red and yellow base and top, native woods handle. Case 10. KR. 111 ", Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 112 " Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, coconut and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 113 " Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 114 " Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 115 " Split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 11 6 ' Split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 117 Kahili pole of tortoise-shell and human bone, sections of thigh bones of Kaneoneo and other chiefs killed in the Nuuanu battle, given by Paki to Gorham D. Gilman many years ago, and by him presented to the Museum. Case 9, KR. 118 t Kahili handles partly made by Paki, showing the method 1 19 ) of manufacture; whale-bone core, tortoise-shell and ivory rings. Case 8, KR. 138 Ancient bird net from Kauai; JSE. Case 8, KR. 139 Mamo feathers as the collectors brought them in. Each feather is attached to a short fibre. Case 8, KR. 140 Oo feathers as brought in by the hunters. ' Case 8, KR. 141 Iiwi feathers as brought in by the hunters. Case 8, KR. 142 Feather currency from Samoa% Case 8, KR. 143 Kahili pole of tortoise-shell and ivory. Case 9, KR. 322 Mahiole or feather helmet from Vancouver's collection. The frame of close, firm wicker-work, the crest broad and low; covered with red, black, green and yellow feathers, now much dilapidated. Case 8, KR. 959 Mahiole or feather helmet of Kaumualii last King of Kauai. Feathers of the oo and iiwi in perfect order. When Kaumualii was summoned to Oahu by Kaahumanu he deposited this treasure with the newly arrived mission family, and half a century later it was purchased at the sale of Mrs. Whitney's effects. The purchaser, Hon. C. 19 R. Bishop, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, presented it to the Government Museum. Case 8, KR. A third form of helmet of which the Museum does not possess a specimen, may be seen on the portrait of Boki in the Picture Gallery. Helmets were also made of human hair of which a specimen may be seen in Case 31, MR. Ahuula.-The ornamental feather robes vary in size from a small cape to long cloaks. Those made exclusively of manmo feathers [alaneoJ are very rare, and according to Mr. S. B. Wilson, the British Museum has but a small cape of this choicest qf all feathers. It wal, however, common to ornament the cloaks of oo and iiwi with patches of mamo feathers. The simple form of the cloak or cape permitted additions to be made to its length from time to tine, and all large cloaks show the bands of different web almost like the rings of growth in a tree. The colors yellow, red and'sometimes black were mingled in simple geometrical patterns,-triangles, crescents or bands showing great poverty of design. At the present day the royal feather cloaks are seldom worn, but cover the throne on state occasions, or serve as pall on the coffin of departed royalty. The small capes are worn by attendants on public occasions, and in modern times are sometimes made of pheasant feathers.* 323 Ahuula or feather cloak; length in front 40 in., on back 46 in.; circumference of neck 26 in., of bottom 6ft. D. 955 " Cape of Mrs. Bishop, feathers of oo and iiwi. Case 31, KR. 956 " Cape of Queen Emma; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 8 in., on back 122 in., circumference at bottom 66 in. Case 31, KR. * By the kind permission of Her Majesty I have been enabled to examine and measure the royal robes now at the palace. These are four in number. The first belonged to Kamehameha I. and is, with the exception of a very natrow border of iiwi feathers, entirely yellow. The second belonged to Kiwalao and is chiefly oo with triangles of iiwi. The third is mainly iiwi feathers and belonged to Kalanikauikalaneo. The fourth was once a pa-u belonging to Nahienaena and has been cut in halves, the two strips united, and the whole mounted on blue cloth in rectangular form; it is entirely oo feathers. I.-Length in front, 46 in.; back 564 in.; circumference at bottom, 12ft 4 in. II.-Length in front, 50 Y in.; back 60 in.; circumference at bottom, 12ft. III.-Length in front, 45 in.; back 54Y in.; circumference at bottom, 12ft 4 in. IV.-Length 10ft. 4 in.; width 5ft. 20 957 Ahuula Cape of Queen Emma; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 8 in., on back 15 in., circumference at bottom 66 in.. Case 17, KR. 958 " Cloak from England; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 47 in., on back 482 in., circumference at bottom 14ft. D. 2840 Nae or olona netting for making feather cloaks. Case 8, KR. 2841 Nae or olona netting for making feather cloaks. Case 8, KR. 2843 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 Fragment of a feather cloak. Case 8, KR. Lei mamo; choicest in the collection. Case 17, KR. i" " large; bright yellow. Case 17, KR. " Pue kukulu. Case 17, KR. Case 17, KR. 66~~~~~~" ~Case 17, KR. t" Case 17, KR. " Fine. Case 17, KR. (" " Case 17, KR. " Small and stiff. Case 17, KR. " With red and black spirals. Case 12, K1. " Yellow and red spirals. Case 21, KR. " " " (" " Case 21, KR. " Mamo and iiwi alternate; lei pauku. Case 21, KR. " " " " " I" " Case 21, KR. " Oo and pue; yellow and green. Case 21, KR. " Oo; yellow and black with long projections. Case 21, KR. " Yellow with red end. Case 21, KR. it" " " " "i Case 2i, KR. " Green and yellow. Case 21, KR. ('" " " " Case 21, KR. " Yellow and long red dyed feathers. Case 7, KR. " Small stiff; yellow and green. Case 7, KR. (" " " " " 'l Case 7, KR. (L "( CC " C( CC Case 7, KR. CC CC IC CC C Case 7, KR. " One red, two gteen, three yellow sections; stiff. Case 7, KR. 21 2827 Lei red and yellow. Case 7, KR. 2828 i" " "t " Case 7, KR. 2829 " " " " Case 7, KR. 2830 " Short sections alternating red and yellow; soft. Case 7, KR. 2831 " Short sections alternating red and yellow; soft. Case 7, KR. 2832 " Short sections alternating red and yellow; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2833 " Short sections alternating red and yellow; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2834 " Red and yellow, very small; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2835 " " " " " " " Case 7, KR. 2836 " Red and blue; green dyed feathers; loose. Case 7, KR. 2837 " " " " " " short. Case 7, KR. 1786-1789 Feather ornaments from New Guinea. These are chiefly made of the feathers of the various " Birds of Paradise," cassowary and parrot, and are usually worn on the head, sometimes about the neck or arm, These are all temporarily in Case 6, KR. Kapas.-The origin of the process of beating vegetable fibre to produce a paper or cloth is obscure but its greatest development is seen in the Islands of the Pacific Ocean. The perfection of the process increases from west to east and the coarse product of New Guinea culminates in the strong and delicate fabric of the Hawaiian Islands. With the introduction of woven cloths at prices far below the cost of the less durable native manufacture, bark cloth is become a thing of the past and on the Hawaiian Islands the very implements of the makers are held as curiosities. Few are the natives who can give any trustworthy account of the cloth-making of their ancestors. Twenty-five years ago the beaters of kapas were still at work in the Hawaiian valleys and the cheerful sound of the beating was heard in all the country districts. Hawaiian bark cloth and its manufacture is first to be considered both as the most perfect and representing the greatest variety. It was the work of women exclusively, as poi-pounding belonged to the men. The provision of bread was men's work, while clothing was 22 furnished by the women. From the days of Penelope, women, even of the highest rank, took a hand in the making of cloth and the female chief of Hawaii took pride in the sheets of paper-like cloth she had formed by her own skill and toil. No loom nor complicated machinery was needed for the simple process by which bark was converted into sheets of varying size and consistency. A log of some hard wood, usually of kawau or kolea wood, was cut to a length of about six feet, hewn to a flat surface three inches wide at top, cut away slightly at either end and hollowed longitudinally underneath. This anvil, laau kui kapa or kua kapa, was supported on two stones. A variety of hand clubs, some round [hohoa] for the first beating, or square [ie kuku] for the finishing, * and a few calabashes to hold water or some mucilaginous liquid were all the tools needed to make what was probably called from the means used in its creation Kapa-ka pa the beaten. The raw material varied somewhat, but the most common by far was the wauke or waoke [Broussonetia papyrifera.] Of this there were three varieties, waoke malolo the best; kuhonua more common; kakai or uncultivated. Again when young the Broussonetia is called poaaha, but when too old for kapa making it is known as kau manu. At Palilua, Hawaii, grew a variety of waoke known as kuloli. Broussonetia, or paper mulberry, is a shrub or small tree, cultivated by most Polynesians: but according to Berthold Seemann, it has never been found wild. Formerly extensively cultivated on these Islands, it is now found in clumps in Kona, Hawaii, and on Maui and Kauai, as an escape from cultivation. The habit of the waoke is to branch from the base and not to form trunks; and it is from these numerous low branches that the bark is stripped in lengths of about six feet with a width of two inches. These strips are allowed to dry until the sap has wholly evaporated, and are then stored for future use, either with the outer bark still on, or commonly after this has been removed by scraping on a smooth board with a plate of shell or bone; the olona scrapers were generally used for this purpose. Bark stripping was called uhele, while the softening process was called kikoni. The men cut the branches, but it was always a woman's work to strip off the bark. In use the strips were soaked in water until soft [wali] and then beaten with the hohoa [365-392, Case 16, MR.] on a smooth stone until the fibres were more or less felted together, making rather thick 23 strips of moomoo. These strips were then soaked again and beaten on the kua kuku with the ie kuku. Strip was welded to strip until sheets of a surface of 125 square feet were obtained. The surface of the mallet, or ie kuku, was sometimes smooth [mole], generally marked with parallel lines [hoopai], or with a still more complicated pattern [nao], as koeau, puili, pepehi, pawehe, etc., and it was this nao that gave the water mark or tissue figure to the kapa. Specimens of these are shown in the window frames in the main hall. In this state the pulp was sometimes colored either by dyes mostly of vegetable origin, or previously colored kapa was pulped and then beaten in. In modern times foreign cloth, especially Turkey red, was used, and the most common solid dye thus added was charcoal [nanahu], made from waoke stems, pili grass, etc. Red ochre was also used in the same way. Pieces accidentally torn were mended by this welding process and patterns were also applied cut from kapas of other colors. But before considering the coloring processes, it will be well to note the other barks used in making kapa besides waoke. Second in rank comes the mamaki [Pipturus albidus], and quite similar to this is the maaloa [Boehmeria stipularis.] Much less common are the ulei [Osteomeles anthyllidifolia], akala [Rubus Hawaiiensis], ulu [Artocarpus incisa] and perhaps other shrubs having a mucilaginous bark. In olden time the kapa beating [kupalu] was done in one of the six houses of a well-to-do Hawaiian [hale kua] but in later times I have usually seen the old women.establish their kua kuku under some tree near a brook or kalo patch. It is interesting to note that the women engaged in the kuku kapa paipai had a system of signalling by blows and intervals from valley to valley. Lauhuki was the god of kapa-beaters. So also was Hai. It generally took four days to beat an ordinary sheet of kap$. Roots, leaves, bark of various plants and trees contributed dyestuffs, but the chief colors of aboriginal extraction were yellow, red, green, various shades of browns and the greys produced by an admixture of charcoal. Blue was, at least in modern times, made from introduced indigo leaves, "blueing ball," and foreign cloth. Red in many of the Museum specimens is obtained from "Turkey red." In former times it was obtained from the noni. It was customary to prepare a kapa intensely imbued with color and keep 24 this for use as solid pigment to be beaten into white kapa. Black kapa for dyeing is seen in Case 25 KR., No. 2693. When the pigments were to be applied locally, they were ground in oil usually of kamani, kukui or coconut in a stone mortar [2979-2981 Case 16, MR.], and applied by cords [1267 Case 16, MR.], dipped in the thick liquid and snapped as a carpenter's chalk-line; by pens of bambu by stamps cut on bambu strips [2985, 2986. Case 16, MH]; by a brush made of the dried fibre of the hala fruit [2982] or finally by natural objects used as dies, such as the sea urchin [2395, 2469.] In Samoa a mat stamp of several square feet extent was used [No. 2178, Case 19, MR.] Pa'us were often oiled, in which case a coconut was roasted until black and then chewed to extract the oil. The kapas thus prepared were waterproof, and in modern times superstition has largely made use of this variety for kahuna practices. A certain red kapa was used to cover idols, while white was sometime put over the god or its worshipper during prayer; white was also the sign of kapu. The patterns on kapa beaters are by no means numerous, although local names swell the list considerably. First of course is the smooth surface called mole; longitudinal grooves one-third of an inch apart convert the mole into pepehi; when these grooves are closer [20-25 to an inch] the pattern becomes hoopai, by far the most common and perhaps the best for felting the bark fibres together. If the pepehi is crossed by a series of parallel lines at right angles the pattern becomes pepehi halua, and if two series occur crossing the lines of the pepehi at less than a right angle the form becomes pepehi halua maka upena or simply maka upena [meshes of a net.] If any of these patterns have on their flat surfaces round holes 3-16 of an inch in diameter the term pupu is added, while if the holes be triangular the name is niho mano [shark's teeth.] So hoopai crossed by lines at a right angle becomes hoopai halua, but when the crossing lines are at other angles it becomes hoopai pawehe or halua pawehe. Another very common form is an undulating line or ridge; if the undulations are parallel they form koeau, if not, pnili. These undulations are often separated by lines when the term halua is added. The iwipuhi resembles the backbone of an eel, the lauma'u the pinnate leaf of a fern, the kapuai koloa is supposed to resemble the track of a duck. Nearly all other patterns are slight modifications of these. Names of the patterns cut on the ohekapala or stamps cannot be. 25 reduced to so simple a nomenclature as the numerous names are not always suggested by the form and are generally capricious and without meaning. In this collection are more than one hundred distinct patterns, but none show any fertility or artistic invention, and they are all geometrical combinations, rarely, if ever attempts to imitate natural objects. Owing to the curved shape of the bambu the width of each die was limited, and to cover a large kapa infinite pains were required to repeat the small stamp. A few of these stamps were made on wood; [2949. Case 16, MR.] A list of the patterns of Ie kuku or Kapa beaters. The numbers are those of the specimens: Case 16, MR. Aha or ahaana- Kapuai koloa. Ehe hoopii 215-Koeau. Haao 257, 2856-Koeau halua. Halua leihala 224. Halua pawehe 198. " koeau 193, 203; better koeau halua. " manama-Maka upena. " puili 189-better Puili koeau. " pupu-230, 240-Mole halua pupu. Hoopai 206, 213. " halua 216. " pawehe 198-Halua pawehe. " puu 212. Huelopoki-Iwipuhi. Iwipuhi 188. Kalukalu-Koeau. Kapuai koloa 227. Koeau 196, 215. halua 193, 203. " pawehe 253. Laukoa-Lauma'u. Lauma'u 191, 202. Mole 243. " halua 211. <" " pupu 214, 282, 2924. <" " leihala 224. "pupu 217. 26 Nanauahuki-Koeau halua. Oholupalupa 220-angular Puili. Painiu-Lauma'u. Papa konane 194. Pawehe 220. Pepehi 233. " halua 207, 283. ((" " pupu 210. "( " niho mano 197, 219, 258, 274, 2845. " maka upena 208, 209, 255. " pupu 218. Puili 199, 215, 2846. " halua 189. " pawehe 190, 220. Pukapuka-Mole pupu 217. Uahaao-Halua pawehe. Waieli-Puili. The proportion in which the more common forms occur on the Ie kuku in this collection is as follows: Whole number of sides — 1048 Hoopai 605 Pepehi 222 Koeau 60 Puili 53 All others 168 (Under hoopai are included all the modifications, as hoopai halua so with the others.) VOCABULARY OF TERMS USED IN KAPA MAKING. Aahu Bark of waoke soaked in water until soft. Aeokahaloa Waoke kapa colored with charcoal 2481, 2501. The warmest kapa made. Aha A kapa made on Molokai. Ahiahia The uncolored part of dyed or painted kapa. Ahina Grey kapa. Ahunalii A colored kapa. 2482. Akala Rubus Hawaiiensis; a kapa is made from the bark. Akoa Snuff-colored kapa; dye of akoa tree. 27 Alaea Red ochre used as coloring matter. 2377, 2376. Alaihi A red kapa. Aleuleu Old or poor kapa. Apeupeu " " Apikipiki A kind of kapa. Awapuhi Zinziber Zerumbet; root used both as scent and dye. Aweluwelu Ragged or torn kapa. Eleuli A kapa riadae in Puna. 2483. Haa Antidesma platyphylluml; seeds yield a yellow dye. Hai Go4 of the poe kuku kapa. Hai manawa A thin white kapa. Halakea Kapa dyed with niu. Hanina A pa'u covered with olena. Holei Ochrosia sandvicensis; the bark and root dye yellow. Hoola A kind of kapa. Ia Mallet for beating kapa; same as ie kuku. Iho The sheets of kapa below the kilohana in a kuina or set. Iliahi Sandal wood used to scent kapas. Iliki Varnish made of kukui bark, ti leaves and banana buds. Kalukalu A delicate white kapa. 2428, 2515. Kapeke A malo colored differently on the two sides. Kaumanu Waoke too old to be used for kapa. Kelewai Kapa of a mud color. 2492, 2493. Kilohana The outer or principal sheet of a set of kapas. Usually figured, and sometimes there are more than one, in a set. 2352. Kuaula A thick red kapa. Kupaoa Raillardia scabra; used to scent kapa. Kuina A set of kapas; usually five stitched together on one edge. Lapa A marking comb of bambu or wood. 1262, 1265. Lauhuki God of those who made kapa. Loli To color in spots. Maaloa Boehmeria stipularis; of which the bark was used for making kapa. Maile Alyxia olivaeformis; used as a common scent. Mahuna A kind of kapa. 2689, 2685, 28 Mamaki Pipturus albidus; of which the bark furnished fibre for kapa making. 2691. Mao Abutilon incanum; which furnished a green dye. 2319, 2649. Moelua A red kapa. Momo Kiiwaawaa palaholo. See moomoo. Moomoo Raw kapa; kapa of little value. Nanahu Charcoal, the most comnrr black dye. Nao A pattern, also the ridges in kapa. Na'u Gardenia Brighamii; used as a dye. Nio Handsome kapa. Noni Morinda citrifolia. The root colors red. Ohekapala Bambu stamps for printing kapa; ohe kakau. Ohelohelo Light red, the color of the ohelo. 2353. Ohia Metrosideros polymorpha; used as a dye. Ohuohu A blackish kapa. Okena See olena. Olapa Cheirodendon Gaudichaudii; used to scent kapas. Olena Curcuma longa; Turmeric; a dye of yellow color obtained from the root. Oloa Waoke bark soaked until soft. Small white kapa formerly put over an idol during prayer. Omao Greenish kapa. 2649. Omoha A figure used in stamping kapa. Onio Spotted kapa. Opiki A stamp for kapa. Ouholowai Mamaki kapa. 2485. Paihi Ohia bark used as a black dye. Paikukui 2430. Paiua Fine white kapa. Paipai The act of beating kapa. Paipaikukui A pale yellow kapa from Molokai. 2494. Paipu Calabash for packing kapas. Paiula Kapa made by beating welus of red with new waoke. Also weluula. 2357. Pau[ke] A poor kapa of no definite color. Pa'u Female dress of the olden time; often of three to eight sheets. Paupau Old, worn out, dirty kapa. 29 Pahupalapala. Dye holder for kapa printing. Pake Soft and flexible white kapa. Paku To unite two kapas by beating. Palaholo Paste made from the fern ama'uma'u. Palapalani To print kapas and put them out to dry. Palupalu A yellow pa'u. Panionio To print kapas in gay colors. Paniki Glaze or dyeifor kapa. Pehuakoa Kapa dyed with the bark of the koa tree. Pelehu and Pepele a Varieties of kapa made on Kauai. Pili Pinauea Poaaha Pouleulu Poulu Pohaka Poniponi Puakai Puali Puaniu Pukohukohu Pulou Pulohiwa Pulu Punoni Pupupu Puukukui Uaua Waiele Wailiilii Waipalupalu Walahee Wea Welu Weluula Heteropogon contortus; a grass whose charcoal was used to dye grey. Same as the grass used for thatching. A kind of kapa used for the pa'u. Young waoke. The male flower of breadfruit, used for making kapa. A shrub whose bark was used for kapa. Printed kapa. Kapa painted various colors. Red dye. Kapa striped with red. 2473, 2688. A name for a malo, from its use in girding. Kapa dyed with coconut. Thick, red kapa malo, dyed with noni. Black or dark colored kapa. Shining black kapa. Pulp for kapa. Kapa dyed with noni. White kapa for pa'us. Kapa made of waoke and pouleulu. A kapa or pa'u colored yellow. Black dye. Also waieleele. Thick kapa with yellow stripes. 2319. Plectronia odorata; whose leaves are used as a black dye. Red dye. A rag or bit of kapa. Same as paiula. 30 NA KUA KUKU. ANVILS ON WHICH KAPA is BE A TEN. 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 715 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 7-27 Kua it it it it is, it it it it it it 66 it it it it it Kuku.-Smafl, JSE. D. it Large, old and in good condition. D. 46 Heavy dark wood. D. Old. D. D. Kolea wood; JSE. T D, D. J SE. D. D. Kona, Hawaii; JSE. Case 16, M R. Kawau wood. D. Kona, Hawaii; JSE. D. M. P. Ailau. D. Flat top. D. it ~~~D. it ~~~D. Gov. Col. D. 745 Papa hole kua ula.-Grooved slab for making pau's. Always of the hardest wood and cut longitudinally with the hoopai pattern. 28'2 in. x 10Y4 in. D. 746 Papa hole kua ula.-JSE. 33 x 73Y4 Case 16, MR.* 747 it i ti it 3 312 x 81Y4 D. 748 " " " " " 3 434 x 63Y4 D. 749 " " " " "5212z x 5 D. 750 it it "t it 43 xlO0 D. 752 it It It It 30 x 73Y4 D. 753 it It it it [half] 25 x 4'Y2 D. 754 it it I It it 37 x 4 Y D. 755 It it It ig Gov. Col. 29 x 5 Y4 D. 365 Hohoa.-Club for the preliminary beating of the kapa fibre. Usually of kauila wood, North Kona, Hawaii. JSE. *When not otherwise noted, all kapa tools are in Case 16, MR. SI:366 Hohoa.-JSE. 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 386 2934 2935 2936 2937 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 2943 2944 2945 2946 2947 H. R. H1. Keelikolani. JSE. "t 8-sided. it5-sided. S. Kona, Hawaii. Hoopai. Koaia wood, rough 4-sided. "Koaia wood. "Mole. Quadrangular, 3 sides hoopai, 1 mole. 8-sided. Large round club. ' ' i t ' ' it I it JSE. it cc it it cc it it it C. 188 le Kuku. 189 i Koaia wood. Sides iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, kapuai koloa. JSE. Kauila. hoopai. JSE. 1 90 le Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides koeau, hoopai, hoopai halua, puili halua. JSE. 1 91 "t lau ma'u, haao, koeau, koeau halua. JSE. 1 92 "koeau, hoopai, hoopai, koeau halua; South Kona. JSE. 1 93 "halua koeau, puili, koeau, haao. 1 94 "papa konane, lau, ma'u, puili halua, hoopai halua. J SE. 1 95 "lau ma'u-puili-koeau, koeau halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. 1 96 "koeau, hoopai, hoopai, puili. JSE. 1 97 "pepehi halua niho mano, koeau, pu ili halua, halua koeau. JSE. 198 "halua kapuai manu, hoopai, hoopai paLwehe, haao. JSE. 1 99 "puili halua koeau, puili, puili halua, pepehi niho mano. JSE. 200 "puili halua, koeau, haao, koeau halua. JSE. 201 " koeau halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. 202 "lau ma'u, koeau, halua koeau, puili. JSE. 203 "koeau halua, haao, hoopai, puili. JSE. 204 " puili halua, hoopai, puili halua, puili halua. JSE. 205 "lau ma'u-puili, koeau halua, kapuai koloa, iwi puhi. JSE.206 "hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. 33 207 le Kuku. Akia wood. 208 64 Nioi. Alani. 4 Koaie. if Kaujia. 210 211 212 Sides pepehi halua, pepehi, pepe~i, hoopai. JSE. pepehi halua maka upena, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. J SE. pepehi halua maka upena, pepehi halua, hoopai pepehi. JSE. pepehi halua pupu, pepehi, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. mole halua, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. hoopai puu,2 pepehi, pepehi, pepehi halua. JSE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. mole halua pupu, pepehi halua, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. ehe hoopii, hoopai, hoopai, haao. JSE. hoopai lialua, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. mole pupu, hoopai, hoopai, mole pupu. JSE. pepehi pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai halua. JSE. oholapalapa, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. lau ma'u, koeau halua, puili, koeau. JSE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. D. 216 it Koaie. it Kauila. 220 221 222 223 34 224 Ie Kuku. Katuila wood. Sides 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 halua lei hala, mole pupu, hoopai, mole halua pupu. JSE. pepehi halua pu Pu, hoopai, pepehi halua, hoopai. J SE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai halua, hoopai. JSE. kapuai koloa, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai halua. JSE. mole pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, holopai halua, hoopai. JSE. halua pupu, mole halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi halua pupu. JSE. D. hoopai halua, pepehi halua, mole, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, houpai, hoopai. JSE. koeau halua, hoopai, puili, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. lau ma'u, koeau halua, puili halua, koeau. JSE. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo-, pai. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, pepehi halua pupu, pepehi halua, hoopai. '241 Ie Kuku. 243 244 246 247 i 248 i 249 250 Kaujia wood. Sides koeau, pepehi halua nih'o mano, koeau halua, puili. it ~~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. J SE. D. mole, pepehi halua, pepehi', hoopai. JSE. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. koeau halua, koeau, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. koeau halua, puili, hoopai halua, pepehi halua niho mano. JSE. D. puili, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, halua, koeau halua, koeau, halua. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai. pepehi, hoopai. JSE. ~~ioi. ~~pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. Kaujia. koeau pawehe, hoopai, hoopai halua, puili-koeau. pepehi halua niho mano, koeau halua, puili, koeau. JSE. pepehi halua maka upena, koeau halua, hoopai, hoopai. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. haao, koeau halua, puili, pepehi niho mano. JSE. 252 253.I I 'I I1 254 256 9" 257 i 36 258 Ie Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides 259 it9 260 itt 261 itt 262 i 263 itt 264 265 4 266 I 267 4 pepehi halua. niho mano, puili halua, koeau halua, haao. JSE. pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. pui'li halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua, pepehi, hoopaii hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. J SE. D. pepehi halua, mole, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. D. koeau halua, hoop~ai, hoopai, puili. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. J SE. D. hoopai, iwipuhi, puili hoopai. JSE. D. mole, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. J SE. D. pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. hoopai, pepehi halua, pepehi halua, niho mano, hoopai. J SE. 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 37 275 le Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides 276 It i 277 S 278 itI 279 I 280 49 I 281 Itt 282 it I 283 I halua puili, koeau, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, koeau, hoopai, puiii. JSE. D. iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai, hoopai. hoopai halua. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, mole halua, hoopai halua. JSE. D. puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. puili halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi halua, mole halua pupu. pepehi halua, hoopai, mole halua, mole halua. pepehi halua pupu, same, mole halua pupu, same. D. mole halua pupu, same, hoopai pawehe, hoopai halua. D. pepehi halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi, hoopai halua. D. puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. puili, puili halua, koeau, puili halua. D. iwipuhi, hoopai pawehe, hoopai, puili. D. pepehi halua maka upena, pepehi, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 286 It i 287 It i 288 itI 289 " 38 291 le Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides 292 333 4 334 it t 335 " 336 337 it Lehua 338 it Kaujia 339 ~' C 340 (C 9 341 " Koaia 342 it i 343 " s d 344 "I Kauila. hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. J SE. D. pepehi halua, pepehi, mole pupu, pepehi. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi pupu, pepehi, pepehi, pepehi pupu. JSE. D. puili halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, pepehi halua, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, mole, mole halua pupu, same. J SE. D. pepehi halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. J SE. D. hoopai halua, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai pawehe. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, pepehi, ho6p'ai, pepehi. J SE. D. puili halua, hoopai, hoopai, puili halua. JSE. D. 345 "6i 346 ist 347 4'I9 I4 I d 348 ~39 349 Ie Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua, hoopai. JSE. D. 350 it i hoopai halua, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. D. 351 it i pepehi halua, hoopai,-pepehi halua. J SE. D. 352 "hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, ho'o p ai. J SE. D. 353 "hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 354 "t i hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 355 "pepehi halua pupu, pepehi halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 356 "pepehi halua, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. JSE. D. 357 "pepehi, mole pupu, pepehi, mole pupu. JSE. D. 358 " hoopai, puili halua, puili, hoopai. JSE. D. 359 "hoopai' hoopai hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 360 "hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 361 "hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua, hoopai. JSE. D. 362 "lau ma'u, puili halua, puili halua, kapuai koloa. J SE. 3 Q3 " hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. 364 "koeau halua, (uinfinished), mole, pepehi. JSE. 386 " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 387 "puili, haao, hoopai halua. QE. 40 388 Ie Kuku. Koaia wood. Sides 389 it Kaujia. 390 it 9 391 392 393 394 I395 396 397 398 399 400 401 -402 403 404 -405 pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi halua, same, same, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopoi, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, mole halua pupu, hoopai. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, mole halua pupu. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, mole halua. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. mole halua pupu, same, haopai, hoopai halua. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. D. mole halua pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi halua, koeau halua, mole halua pupu, same. D. pepehi halua maka upena, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. a 41 406 Ie Kuku. 2845 2846 2847 2848 2849 2850 2851 2852 2853 2854 2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 Kaujia wood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. halua niho lijiji, pepehi pupu, hoopai, hoopai. puili, hoopai, puili halua, koeau. H. R. H. Keelikolani. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopaii. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha. lua, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, pepehi halua, hoopai, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, pepehi halua, pupu, hoopail Small. D. hoopai, hoopai halua, pepehi halua, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha, lua, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, pepehi, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. di ~~~koeau halua, hoopai halua,' hoopai, hoopai. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, koeau halua, hoopai, hoopai. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo*pai. D.' I i M I. I.1 0 I i- -. -,., I! 4 - I,....1 I I,.,.-,, 4 -; -.4 42 2860 Ie Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides hoopai~halua, hoopai, h-oopai, hoopai. D. 2861 i hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2862 i pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. 2863 itpepehi, pepehi halua, pepehi, pepehi. D. 2864 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2865 koeau, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2866 pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. D. 2867 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. D. 2868 pepehi, hoopai, mole pupu, pepehi. D. 2869 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. 2870 pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, boopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. 28.71 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. D. 2872 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2573 hoopai, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. D. 2874 hoopai halua, pepehi halua pupu, same, same. D. 2875 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2876 boopai, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. D. 2877 hoopai, hoopai, halua, boopai, hoopai. D. 2878 hoopai, hoopal, hoopai, hoopai. D. 43 2879 Ie Kuku. 2880 i 2881 ( 2882 i 2883 ( 2884 ( 2885 i 2886 'i 2887 i 2888 i 2889 i 2890 i 2891 i 2892 ( 2893 i 2894 9 2895 i 2896 6 Kaujilawood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoop~ii, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. it ~~~hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai hoopai. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. it ~~~hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo. pai, hoopai. QE. D. 69 ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. It ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. It ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, halua pawehe, h6opai. D. pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, hoopai halua. D. pepehi, mole, pepehi halua', pepehi. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua niho mano. Long..- D. I -1 I N?1. ' ' ", — il I -' 44 2897 le Kuku. 2898 i 2899 i 2900 i 2901 i 2902 c 2903 i 2904 6 2905 ( 2906 2907 4 2908 i 2909 i 2910 i 2911 I 2912 i Kaujia wood. Sides pepehi, mole halua pupu, mole halua, niole halua pupu. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pepehii. D. it ~~hoopai halua, hoopai,, pepehi, hoopai halua pupu. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. cc ~~hoopai, pepehi halua niho mano, pepehi halua, pepehi. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. it ~~~pepehi halua, same, pepehi, pepehi. D. it ~~~hoopai, hoopai, puili, hoopai. D. cc ~~~hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, pepehi. D. pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, pepehi. H. R. H. Keelikolani. D. hoopai, hoopai, mole halua pupu, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, boopai, hoopai. D. koeau halua, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 45 291:3 le Kuku. Kaujia wood. Sides pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2914 pepehi, hoopai halua, mole halua pupu, pepehi halua. D. 291 5 hoopai, pep'ehi, pepehi, pepehi. D. 291 6 pepehi, hoopai halua, pepehi halua, mole halua pupu. JSE. D. 291 7 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoop ai. D. 2918 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2919 pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, boopai. D. 2920 mnole halua pupu, same, pepehi, pepehi. D. 2921 hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 2922 pepehi, pepehi, mole halua, pepehi. D. 2923 pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai; hoopai, hoopai [unfinished]. JSE. 2924 mole halua pupu, same, pepehi pupu, same. -D. 2925 pai niu, hoopai, hoopai, koeau halua. D. 2926 pepehi niho mano, koeau, kapuai koloa, puili. D. 2927 lau ma'u, kapuai koloa, lau ma'u, lau ma'u. D. 2928 mole halua, niho mano, mole pupu, hoopai, boopai. JSE. D. 2929 " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, boopai. D. I i 46 3075 Ie Kuku. Kaujia wood Sides pepehi halua, hoopai, boopai, mole. D. 3076 iitpepehi, pepehi halua, pepehi halua, pepehi. D. 3077 IItmole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 3078 I koeau halua, puili, pepehi, mole halua pupu. D. 3079 4 pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. Knob on corner. D. 3080 6 mole halua pupu, mole, pepepehi, mole halua. D. 3081 cithoopai halua, pepehi, mole pupu, hoopai halua. D. 3082 iitpepehi, mole halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi. 3083 3084 3085 3086 3087 3088 3089 A 3090 & t D.mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. D. pepehi, pepehi, mole, hoopai halua. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi, pepehi, hoopai halua, pepehi. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. pepehi, pepehi, pejlehi, hoopai. D. pepehi, pepiehi, pepehi, pepehi. D. hoopai, pepeh'i halua, pepehi, pepehi. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoppai. D. pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. D. (I' 3091 3092 3093 I I 47 1998 Ai iki. Kapa beater from Fiji. The pattern on all four sides is hoopai. Case 4, EH. 1262 Lapa or pen for marking parallel lines on kapa. JSE. 1263 "t t" " " JSE. These two lapas are made of wood and were procured at Olaa, Hawaii. Usually they are made of bambu. 2985 Lapas of bambu with one to nine points. 2986 " " three to nine points, oblique. 1265 " pa'u for marking a single line on kapa. JSE. 1266 " " " " " " JSE. 1267 Kaula kakau cord for marking interrupted lines on kapa. It was dipped in the thick dye and applied as a carpenter's chalk-line. See kapa 2352, Case 8, KR. 2006 Bambu roll for marking lines on kapa. Fiji Ids. Case 4, EH. 2178 Stampformarking siapos. Samoan Ids. JSE. Case 19, MR. 2972 " " " " " HG. D. 2995 Ohekapala, he ohe kakau. Stamps of bambu carved on the inside of one end in a raised pattern for imprinting kapa. More than a hundred different designs may be seen in Case 16, but the names of these patterns are not yet sufficiently determined to print here. 2949 Ohekapala, of wood. H.M. Liliuokalani. 2975 Pohaku kui noni. Stone pestle used to crush noni for dye or medicine. This form is a flattened spheroid with a shallow groove cut around it through its axis of rotation. It is larger and heavier than any pounder in the collection. 2998 Pohaku kui noni. 2999 " " " 2976 Pohaku kui nanahu; pestle to crush charcoal. 2977 " " " JSE. 2978 " i" " 2979 Poho hooluu; stone cup for dyes. 2980 " " QE. 2981 " " 2982 Paint brush; a dried pandanus fruit. 4169 " " " " " 2983 Kui humuhumu kapa; ivory bodkin for piercing kapas. JSE. 2984 Kapa bag of nanahu for tinting white kapas.. *' - '.***^ Sl 48 2987 Ipu; for red dye. 2988 Kui humu; needle for sewing kapas in a kuina, bone. JSE. 2989 "( " " " kauila. JSE. 2990 Strip of black kapa for marking. 2996 Alaea, red ochre; used both as a pigment and as a cement. 2997 Awapuhi; ginger root, used for coloring and scenting. 2994 Waoke bark strip as taken from the tree. 2991 Poaaha or dried waoke bark after passing through the first process of kapa-making. In this form it may be kept for years. From Waikapu, Maui. JSE. 2992 Poaaha; whiter and thicker. 2993 Specimens of various qualities. 4043 Instrument of kauila wood for cleaning the grooves in a pa'u board, or ie kuku. The kapa is often troublesome in clogging these depressions. 2310 Kapa pa'u oiled, single sheet. 43 in. x 9 ft. 13, KR. 2311 " " " 3 shts, upper figd. 42 x 13 13, KR. 2312 " " " 5" " " 34 xll 13, KR. 2313 " " " 2 " " " 41 x 9 13, KR. 2314 " " " 3 " " " 41 x 9 13, KR. 2315 " " " fragment of under sheet. 31 x 6 34 13, KR. 2316 " " 2 sheets, kilohana figured all over. 36 x 9 13, KR. 2317 " " mahuna, fragment. QE. 39 x 24 13, KR. 2318 " " 4 sheets, purple with black and red figures. JSE. 36 xll4 13, KR. 2319 " " mao or waipalupalu, 4 sheets yellow with black and red figures. QE. 42 x 9 13, KR. 2320 " " yellow, single sheet; hula skirt. 48 x 224 13, KR. 2321 " " sheets, 1, 2, 3, yellow, 4 and 5, brown. 39 x 9 13, KR. 2322 " " 5 sheets yellow, kilohana figured red. 33 x 10 13, KR. 2323 " " cotton cloth, figured to imitate the native manufacture, black figures. 35 x 9 13, KR. 2324 " " mate to 2323. " " D. 49' 2325 Kapa pa'u; single sheet, cross striped red and black. e 40Oin.xl13 ft. D. 2326 it it brown-pink, black figures, Molokai. Fragment. D. 2327 2328 2329 2330 2331 2332 2333 K hula, yellow with black figures. 43 x 16 13, KR. " "paiula, 5 sheets Iplain. Fragment. 13, KR. olena. Fragment. 23, KR. hula. Fragment. JSE. 43 x 10 D. Striped. JSE. 44 x 10 139 KR. " " " " ~~black and red. 43 x 10 13, KR. apa moe, kilohana red-brown, dark stripes; 1 blue, 2 white sheets. 71 4 ft. x 1 0 ft. 1 4, K R. 2334 " " " mottled grey, 4 white, soft. 8 x 12 14, KR. 2335 " " " painted, kalukalu, fragment. 3, K R. 2336 " " " blue with black figures and stripes, 4 white. 6fr'2 x 93,4 14, KR. 2337 " " " paiula, red from foreign cloth, I white. Made in 1868, by Huli of Waiea, South Kona. J SE. 53,4 x 10 1 1,KR. 2338 " " " white with red triangles, 4 white. x 93,4 D 2339 " " " white, blue and pink, 6 x 7 14, KR. 2340 " " " pink and blue, 4 white. 7 Y2 x 10 1 4, KR. 2341 " " " white with 1)ink and grey stripes, 4 white. 73Y4 x 9'2 14, K(R. 2342 " " " red with grey patches, 4 white. 7~ Y x 9Y2 14, KR. 2343 " " " mamaki ouholowai, soft brown with darker stripes. I I I I 6 I t I 2344 it 5 red-brown 63,4 x 10 14, KR. striped with black. QE. 7 x 10fr12 14,.K.R 50 2345 Kapa moe, kilohana 5 red-brown striped with dark-brown, -old. 6 ft. x 734 ft. 14, KR. 2346 " " " 5 dark-brown striped with black. 7 x 1134 14, KR. 2347 " " " " " " HG. 74 x 1154 D. 2348 " " pink with blue mottled stripes, 4 white. JSE. The kilohana was originally plain white, the mottling added at a later date. The red, puakai, was made by infusing waoke with noni root, maile, powdered coral unburnt, etc., and the process required five days for the infusion, when the waoke became dark red, and was then beaten into the white kapa. The dark mottling is of aeokahaloa kapa, the pigment being charcoal of waoke, and is beaten in as the red was previously. This kuina was made about 1881 by Kukona, of Wailuku, Maui. 7 ft. x 934 ft. 14, KR. 2349 Kapa moe, kilohana, 2, 1st. auilepe, 2nd. kuakualoi, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 64 x 94 14, KR. 2350 " " " 2 dark brown, plain, 4 ginger-colored, soft. 7 x 9 14, KR. 2351 " " " paiula, dark grey squares, 1 white. 7I4 x 10 15, KR. -2352 " " ' 1st. blue with black squares and triangles, 1 white, 2nd. kilohana white with broken stripes, 2 white. 12 x 10 8, KR. 2353 " " " ohelohelo with dark mottlings, 4 white. 62 x 94 8, KR. 2354 " " " paikukui kakau nanahu, 4 white. 7'2 x 9 15, KR. 2355 " " yellow-brown with dark zigzag, 1 white, 1 pink, 1 white, 1 blue. HG. 7, x 94 2, KR. 2356 " " " salmon-color with red and black stripes, 1 white, 1 figured, 1 white. HG. 8 x 94 14, KR. 2357 " " " palenanahu luahala, 4 white. HG. 6Y2 x 82 D................. 51 2358 Kapa moe, kilohana paiula striped, 2 grey. HG. 6'Y2 ft. x 83/4 ft. D. 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 it 9 cc ulaula keokeo, white with red stripes, 1 grey, 3 white. HG. 6 Y~ x 8 Y D. " " ~red with blue stripes, I white, 1 red, 2 white. HG. 7 3 x 9 D. paiula, foreign color, 4 white. Waipio, Hawaii. JSE. 7 x 9 D. it 44 it white with black stripes, 4 wvhite. JSE. 723J x 10 14, KR. " " ~black with brown stri es. 71Y4 x 93/4 3, KR. black, 3 sheets. 8 X 1013 3, KR. " " " ~~3 sheets ginger color. 7'Y3 x 9 2, KR. coarse, red, yellow and black stripes. 53Y4 x 83/4 3, KR. "white with red and grey stripes. JSE. 53/4 x 93Y4 3 K R. moelola, grey. 8 x 10 3, KR. kihei keiki, nao nanauahuki. Hawaii. JSE. - 43/4 x 8 3, KR. kilohana mamaki eleuli. JSE. 6 x 7 39 KR. 99 Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 8 x 9 3, KR. pa'u, light brown, plain, coarse. 28 in. x 41 Y2 ft. D. kilohana mamaki, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 5 ft. x 634 39,KR. red-brown, stiff. 7'Y2 x 8 Y4 3, KR. pa'u, yellow, thick. 323J x 163Y4 3, KR. malo, waoke 1 5 in. wide. alaea, striped with kukui wood charcoal. JSE. 10 in. x 63/4 '3, KR. niau. JSE. 9 x 63/4 D..:.. I -. I..' -1 - _'. -__.. m 52 2379 Kapa. malo, olena. JSE. 9 in. x 7 ft. 2, KR. 2380 " " waoke kea. JS E. 9 x 7 2, KR. 2381 " "kaholo, grey. 12 x 6'Y2 2, KR. 2382 "olena huipu na uhane ino. 12 x 43Y4 D. 2383 "malo olena, scent maile and awapuhi. JSE. 6 x 7'Y2 2, KR. 2384 "t pa'u olena, black and red stripes and figures. 3y2ft.x 8'2 2, KR. 23865 moe, 3 sheets ginger colored, red and black figures. 4% x 7 2, KR. 2386 " inger colored, plain. 3' Yx 4'Y2 D. 2387 3 " "x 9 2, KR. 2388 " " " "4 x 13 D. 2389 " pa'u, 4 sheets, ginger colored. QE. 3'Y2 x 9'3~ 2, KR. 2390 " "hula puakai, 2 sheets very old, 32 in. x 1334 2,KR. 2391 " " " "3 "all striped. 36 x 10 Y2 2, KR. 2392 " " " "3 " 8 x 91Y4 2, KR. 2393 "mahunalii, pink. J SE. 20 x 6 2, KR. 2394 "hana, kahuna, aeokahaloa. t5 ft. x 8'Y2 3, KR. 22395 " palap~ala haukeuke, echinus stamp. Kauai. H G. 6 x 85Y8 3, KR. 2396 "mahunalii. HG. 2% ~x 41Y4 2, KR. 2397 " niho me ka haukeuke. Kauai. HG. 2'Y3 x 7 3, KR. 2398 " pea palau, yellow with red and black figures. HG. 2 Y4 x 6 2) K. 2399 "Moe, kilohana. paiula. with black figures, 4 white. 8 X 9 Y3 D. 2400 " " " "kuilewa lpattern, 4 white. 8 x 92Y3 2, KR. 2401 " " " "4 white. 83Y4 x 10'Y3 D. 2402 " " " "with mottled stripes, 4 white. 8 x 11 D. 2403 " ' " "blue, 4 white. 8 xlOIN D. 2404 di "t " chocolate, 1 ginger, 2 chocolate, I ginger. Is 60 ~~~x 9~ij D. 5.3 2405 Kapa moe, kilohana paiula, with mottled stripes, 4 white. 2406 it " ' 4 white. 71Y3 x 9 Y7, D. 2407 it " " 3 it soft. 7 Y?, x 8y'31 D. 2408 it "4"It 4 " x 11~4; D. 2409 it " t it 4 1 It 7 x 9 Y4 D. 2410 4 "t 1 "9 1 brown, 3 ginger colored, soft. 7Y2 xJO0 D. 241 1 "6 t it and 4 sheets brownish. 62Y3 x 82Y3 D. 2412 " "5 sheets white, soft, old. 8 X 11 3, K R. 241 3 " "kilohana paiula, 4 white, soft. 6 x 9 D. 241 4 " " " "striped, 5 delicate sheets. 71Y3 x 82Y3 2, KR. 241 5 " 2 grey sheets. 8 Y2 x 11'3 15, KR. 2416 "pa'u, 2 striped, 4 light brown. 2'Y3 x 1123 15, KR. 241 7 "moe, 1 dark brown, 1 light brown, 1 dark brown, 2 light brown. QE. 6 Y4 x 7'Y3 D. 2418&' kilohanas 2, aeokahaloa and paiula the latter foreign color. Scented with ku1 aoa. Made by Pipipi, Kona, Hawaii, in 1864. 3 sheets. JSE. 7 x 8Y2 8, KR. 241 9 I aeokahaloa, 2 white scented with mokai. Made by Kanopa, Kona, Hawaii, in 1867. JSE. 6 Y2 x 823 2, KR. 2420 " "mahuna, 4 sheets paiula. 9',2 x 13 D. 2421 " "kilohana paiula, 4 white soft. 9 Y x 12Y~ D. 2422 " " " " " "8 x 1Ojy/ D. 2423 " "4 sheets white, soft. 7 x 9Y D. 2424 " "white with red and blue stripes. 4 white. 7 Y xl 1r~ D. 2425 "t " kilohana paiula, 2 white. HG. 7 x 934 *D. 2426 " " " "foreign color, made about 1858; 1 kalukalu; white, made at same time, 1 white made 1847. All by Kanopa of Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 6Y x 9 D. 2427 Kapa moe, kilohana [foreign], 2 white. Made by Kapule, Kona, Hawaii, 1868. JSE. 6 ft. x 8 ft. D. 2428 " " 3 kalukalu, white. Made by Huhi, Kona, Hawaii, i868. JSE. 6 x 8 D. 2429 " " kilohana pl~aula nanahu, 4 white. Made at Laie, Oahu. JSE. 8 x 10 D. 2430 " " kilohana paikukui, 2 olena. HG. 7'3 x 9 29,KR. 2431 " 4 ginger colored, soft. 5 Y x 6'Y2 D. 2432 " "figured, W'. P. Leleiohuku, 1848. JSE. 3'Y2 x 43Y4 3, KR. 2433 " kihei, olena nanahu, figured. HG. 5 x 6 ~~D. 2434 " moe olena nanahu kakau. HG. 7 x 8 D. 2435 it " kilohanapuahalakakau. HG. 6'Y2 x 7'Y2 D. 2436 t it kilohana pualima. HG. 73Y4 xlO0 D. 2437 it it olena kakau. HG. 3. x 8 D. 2438 " " kihei kakau, old. JSE. 3 x 4 1, K R. 2439 "pa'u olena kakau. 92'2 x I1 D. 2440 it" olena kakau. 3 x 23 D. 2441 moe kilohana puahala, 1 white, 1 brown. Made in Pelekunu, Molokai. Cleaned in 1886. JSE.6 x 7'Y2 15, KR. 2442 "pa'u olena with red and black zigzags.,3' Y? 82Y3 D. 2443 " "blue with red and black triangles. 4 x 3 Y2 1 K R. 2444 " "ohelohelo with black figures, 4 lightbrown. QE. 3Y4 x 7Y2 13, KR. 2445 " " olena with black figures. - ~~~~~~~~334 x 8'2 D. 2446 " moe niau; yellow with painted black stripe. JSE. 6'Y3 x 9 2, KR. 2447 " "olena with red and black diagonals. 7 x 9'Y3 D. 55 2448 Kapa moe, kihei, red and green figures. 141G. 5 ft. x Sft. fl. 2449 it pa'u hula, brown with black stripes, I red. 3 x 3 D. 2450 it moe, thick white covered with black. 5 x 6 13, KR. 2451 it malo waipalupalu, lined with black. QE. 14 in. x 83Y4 2, KR. 2452 "pa'u mahuna, 3 sheets, oiled. 3'2 ft. x 10 13, KR. 2453 " " brown-red, with black and red figures. QE. 32Y3 x 4'Y2 13, KR. 2454 it " paiula. HG. 3 x 15 13, KR. 2455 it grey, from a burial cave. JSE. 8'2 x 10 3, RR. 2456 it moe, kilohana paiula, 1 pale blue, 1 white. J SE. 6y'6x 7Y I i, KR. 2457 "poni, purple; from foreign cloth and indigo leaves. Kiilae, Hawaii. JSE. 5 x 72 D 2458 "moe, kilohana paiula, palenanahu, puahala, kakau, 4 white. HG. 6 x 8 8, K R. 2459 " brown. From Kawaihae-uka. JSE. 6'Y2 x 8'Y2 2, KR. 2460 " hinahina kuikui. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 523 x 7 29,KR. 2461 " mahuna. HG. 62Y3 x 8 Y 2, KR. 2462 "t moe ipo of Kamehameha III. JSE. 8 x 6'Y2 14, KR. 2463 it keokeo, very soft. 4'Y3 x 8 14, KR. 2464 it moe, kilohana olena made by Limahana of Kealia, in the time of Kamehameha III. JSE. - ~~6341 x 8 14, KR. 2465 "t kihei, finely printed. 6 x 6 'A 3, KR. 2466 it kalukalu, thin, white, fragment. 1, KR. 2467 " 1, t 9KR. 2468 pale pink, with black stripes and figures, fragment. 15, KR. 2469 "white decorated with black and pink, fragment. 15, KR. 2470 "pa'u grey with black and red zigzags. 3 ft.xl14 ft. 15, KR. 56 2471 Kapa puakai. Fragment. 15, KR. 2472 "6 it i 1,KR. 2473 " " it used for hoounauna. JSE. 1, KR. 2474 - white with red and blue bands, fragment. H. M. Liliuokalani. 1, KR. 24785 grey with black zigzags, fragment. iS, KR. 2476 "paupau, brown with black and red figures. 1, K R. 2477 "ginger colored with red and black figures. 1, KR. 2478 "pa'u orange with black stripes and figures QE. 3'2 ft. x 8 1, KR. 2479 " keokeo maoli. HG. 5 x 7 1, KR. 2480 "t moe, kilohana, laiula, very old. HG. Y x 10 D. 2481 It kihei aeokahaloa made by Pipipi 1864, Konia, Hawaii, JSE. 7'3 x 83Y4 D. 24~2 "6 moe, kilohana mamaki ahunalii, made by Mauila, Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 73,4 x 934 D. 2483 it Moe, kilohana mamnaki eleuli, made by Mauila. J SE. 8 x 9'Y4 D. 2484 it red-brown. W. P. Leleiohoku. JSE. 4 4x 5 Y2 D. 2485 "6 mamnaki ouholowai, made by Kapihe, Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSIE. 7 x 9Y D. 2486 "mamnaki ouholowai, made by Kapihe, Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. 'JSE. 7 x 9'2 1, KR. 2487 " holoku or dress, thick, ruled pattern. HG. 1, KR. 2488 "poni, kolu, nanauahuki. JSE. 5 x 5 1,KR 2489 "9 pa'u hula paiula, Kalalau, Kauai. JSE. 5 x 1 l,11KR. 2490 " kihei, figured red and black. 6 x 7' 4 1, KR. 2491 t " " " " 6 x 8 19,KR. 2492 " kelewai, made by Mahoe, Kawaihae, Hawaii. JSE. 6 4X 8'Y2 D. 2493 " " " " " "JSE. 7 x 9 D. 2494 " pa'u paikukui, black stripes. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 2 Y2x 9 D. 2495 " eleele. 5 x 8 D. 2496 grey. 7 IV x 8Y, D. 57 2497 Kapa moe, kilohana grey. QE. 8 ft. x 10 ft. D. 2498 "t "4 " paiula, 1 grey fine. 5 x 6 Y4 D. 2499 "t " JSE. 5 /4. x 7 /2 D. 2600 t it light blue. JSE. 50 x 7 D. 2501 " " kilohana grey. QE. 8 x 10 D. 2502 " " paiula. JSE. 8 X 8 3/2 D. 2503 " " " brown. Hanalci, Kauai. JSE. 4fr x 6 Y D. 2504 " kelewai, stiff. JSE. 6 /3 x 9 D. 2505 " moe haimanawa. HG. 3 x 9~ 1, I KR. 2506 "keokeo kapalapala'alaea. HG. 5 317 x 7 1, KR. 2507 " kolu, indigo and foreign cloth. South Kona, Hawaii. J SE. b'Y3 x 82Y3 D. 2508 " moe, kilohana holei. Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. 7 x 9 Y D. 2509 " " " paiula. Honomalino, Hawaii. JSE. 623 x 9 D. 2510 " " " "JSE. 6 x 82Y3 D. 2511 " " " "1868. J SE. 8 Y7 x 1 1 D. 2512 " " " "7 X 9 Y3 D. 2513 "paiula made by Kekoi of Honuapo, Kau, Hawaii. J SE. 6x x 8 D. 2514 " " HG. 4 x 623 D. 2515 it " kalukalu, del~icate-. JSE. 7'Y3 x 9 Y D. 2516 " " " " J iSE. 4 Y4 x 10 Y/, D. 251 7 "moe, color foreign. 5,4 x 9 Y4 D. 2518 " paiula. JSE. 7 x 9 D. 2519 "olena, 2 sheets.- JSE. 6 x 8 2 D. 2520 " JSE.- 8'Y2 x.12 D. 2521 " "JSE. 82Y3 x 1 1 D. 2522 " "JSE. 7 x 9 D. 2523 " "JSE. 7Y~ x 9 D. 252'4 " "JSE. 4 '2, x 11 D. 2525 " " 2 sheets, 1868. JSE. 4 Y2 x 6 D. 5526 " 1864, JSE. 7 x 9 D. 2527 " " pa'u hula, old. JSE. 3 3/4 x 8 D. 2528 " "mahuna paikukui. 34 x2 X D. 2529 " "pa'u. 2 2x 73Y4 D. 2530 " " much faded. HG. 3 Y4 x3 2 D 58 2531 Kapa kihei mamaki, nao nanauahuki, color ahinalii. It was soaked in a kalo patch, used and then dyed with seeds of haa [Antidesmal. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 3 ft. x 4 ft. D. 2532 " brown-yellow. 3 x 5 13 D. 2533 " dark-brown with black stripes. 33,4 x 71Y3 D. 2534 It pa'u, 5 sheets, oiled, striped. 31Y4 x 17 D. 2535 It It 5 " 3 x 15 Y D. 2536 " "5 "3 x 1 3 Y D. 2537 " "3 "3 Y4 x20 D. 2538 I isheet "3 x 12 D. 2539 " "1 "4 3 x 12 D. 2540 " "1 It 3 x 12fr D. 2541 " "1 it 3' x 1 54 D. 2542 "moe, kilohana olena, 2 keokeo. 41Y4 x 5 D. 2543 " kuikui noni. J SE. 6 14 x 9 D. 2544 " olena. JSE. 7 '/2 x 8 3/4 D. 2545 "alaea. J SE. 7 x Y D. 2546 " " J SE. 6'27 x 9 D. 2547 " kihei olena. Hawaii. JSE. 4 x Y D. 2548 " pa'u hula, olena, black figures. JSE. 8 2x 9 D. 2549 " brown. QE. 3'3:2 x 7 Y D. 2604 "t moe, kilohana red and grey, 2 white. H G. 71Y3 x 9 D. 2605 1 it 4 sheets ouholowai. HG. 7 x 8'%2 D. 2606 " "2 "6 ginger colored, soft. 6'Y4 x 9 D. 2607 " "white, old. Kauai. JSE. 63Y4 x 9'Y, D. 2608 " "yellowish white. 7 x 9 D. 2609 " " kilohana olena, 1 white. JSE. 5 x 7 D. 2610 " kea, white. JSE. 51Y4 x 73,4 D. 2611 It" " JSE. 73,4 x 93,4 D. 2612 " " " JSE. 6'3J x 9 D. 2613 " " " JSE. 6'Y3 x 8'Y2 D. 2614 " JSE. 8 x 1O~j D. 2615 " " " JSE. 73,4 x 9fr~ D. 2616 " " " JSE. 73,4 x 1O0 Y4 D. 2 61 7 Kapa kea, wh ite. J SE. 7Y4 ft. x 10 ft. D. 2618 it it it JSE. 42~3 x 73,4 D. 2619 "t it " JSE. 6 X 83Y4 D. 2620 cc " it JSE.' 6 x 83Y4 D2621 t ig It JSE. 5 x 6'Y2 D. 2622 It t it JSE. 7 x 80 D. 2623 " " " JSE. 73Y4 x 812 1). 2624 " " " JSE. 7 x 8 2 D. 2625 " " " JSE. 4 x I0 Y3 D. 2626 " JSE. 8 Y2 x 9 yj D. 2627 " " "5 x 8 D. 2628 cc it " very stiff. 71 x 1 O'2 D. 2629 it " 7'Y3 x I D. 2630 cc " 7'3 -x 9'~3 D. 2631 "4 moe 3 sheets kalukalu. Made by Huli, South Kona, Hawaii. 1868. JSE. 53,4 x 73,4 D. 2832 i moe. 6 x 8 D2633 " " old. HG. 6'%2 x I11 D. 2634 "mahuna olena. HG. 43Y4 x 9 D. 2635 " kea. HG. 8 x 8 D., 2636 "pa'u, oiled, old. 3'2 x 10 D. 2637 "rmoe, kilohana, purple, 1 yellow-brown. Old. 15 x 7 D. 2638 " " " paiula, I olena, stiff. HG. 43Y4 x 17 D. 2639 "pa'u hula olena with black figures. 2640 "malo alaea. JSE. I0 in. x 6 ~ D.. 2641 " JSE. 9 x 7 D. 2642 "it JSE. 8 x 6~!1 D. 2643 "malo puolena. JSE. 9 x 73,4 D. 2644 cc" " JSE. 10 X 92Y3 D. 2645 " "keokeo. Hana, Maui. JSE. 1 0 X 5 Y2 D. 2646 " "poaaha, fragment. JSE. 12 x 33Y4 D. 2647 "aha. JSE. 5y2ft. x 8 Y/z D. 2648 "pa'u, 3 sheets, brown fragment. 23,4 x 53Y4 D. 2649 " mau. Green, medicine. UG. 5 Y2 x 1 D. 2650 "pa'u, green, 2 sheets.,QE. 33,4 x 12 D. 60 2652 2653 2654 2655 -2656 2657 2658 2659 Kapa pau, 5 sheets. QE. 3 '2 ft. x 7 3,4 ft. 4 "6( ginger colored. 3 Y4 x 7'Y2 5i" black figures. 3 x 1O'2 itMoe, 3 sheets, ginger colored. 6 x 7'Y3 i 4 '' ' ' 5 Y x 612? it '' 2 " ' ''QE. 4 x 9 Y2 itpa'u, 3 " " " 3 x 13 itmahunalii, from an old kahuna of Moiliili, C Used in sorcery. JSE. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. )ah u. 2660 it Moe, kilohana paiula. 4'Y2 x 6'2? D. 2661 It brown. JSE. 63Y4 x 3 D. 2662 "t pa'u, ginger colored. 3 x 13 Y D. 2663 " " "4'Y2 x 7 D. 2664 " mahuna, oiled. JSE. 4 x 8' D. 2665 it" Honaunau, Hawaii. JSE. 3 x 4 Y4 D. 2666 " old, leathery, from a burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 2 x 2'V, 25, KR. 2667 " "" " " Hawaii. JSE. 2 x 6 D. 2668 " "red " Hawaii. JSE1. 2 2x 6 D. 2669 "oiled. 3'Y4 x 12 D. 2670 " "33Y4 x 5 D. 2671 " "1'Y3 x 3'2~ D. 2672 " "3'Y3 x 40 D. 2673 " "1'Y3 x 33,4 D. 2674 " "3 x 4 D. 2675 " "3'4 x 3'Y2 D. 2676 " " 13Y4 x 2 Yi D. 2677 pa'u mahuna paikukui palapalaia. HG. 4 xlO0 D. 2678 " I " hula puakai.!&'2 x 8 D. 2679 " "ginger colored. 2 x 11I D. 2680 " old, striped, from burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 1 ~~2 x 6 D. 2681 " " " with black. 4'Y3 x 4 Y2 D. 2682 "pa'u hula, kiloh~Lna figured, 1 white, 1 red, 2 white. JSE. 1 Y x 2'2 D. 2683 " old, from burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 4 4 x 7,. 61 2684 Kapa. malo, fragment. JSE. D. 2685 it mahuna mamaki, fragment. Molokai. JSE. D. 2686 " keokeo, old. JSE. D. 2687 " malo puolena kamnalii; boy's malo. JSE. 6 in. x 7Tft. D. 2688 " hula puakai, fragment. Hana, Maui. JSE. D. 2689 "mahuna, made at Kipahulu, Maui. Fragment. J SE. D. 2690 " given to the Prince of Hawaii, on Kauai. JSE. D. 2691 " mamaki. JSE. 25, KR. 2692 " moelola pukapuka. Kaikioewa's Col. JSE. 1, KR. 2693 " nanahu, for coloring paikukui. JSE. 25, KR. 2694 " malo puakai, from Pelekunu, Molokai. J.SF. 1, KR. 2695 " pa'u hula, from Queen Kalamna. JSE. 25, KR2696 " puakai, from Kakani, Hana, Maui. JSE. 25, KR. 2697 "ouholowai, used by chiefs only. Queen Kalarma. JSE. 25, KR. 2698 "mahunalii, from the sorceress Kamaipuupaa. JSE. 25, KR. 2699 " kuikui, from Koolau, Oahu. JSE. 25, KR. 2750 " fragment from a burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. D. 2751 "pa'u hula, it it i JSE. D. 2752 " malo, kahuna puakai. Used only by chiefs when they bathe. Hana, Maui. JSE. D. 2753 " kahuna. JSE. D. 2754 9 "I JSE. D. 2755 9 It Molokai. JSE. D. 2756 it pa'u hula paikukui. Molokai. JSE. D. 2757 cc kahuna, from Kamoiliili. JSE. D. 2758 " pa'u hula, from Kamnehameha IV. JSE. D. 27,59 " " " " Kalalau, Kauai. JSE. 25, KR. 2760 " malo paiula. Kaikioewa's Collection. JSE. D. 2761 "pa'u paikukui; used in childbirth by kahunas. Very rare. J SE. D. 2762 " mahuna. paikukui, from Queen Kalama. Kapa hoounauna. JSE. 24, KR* 2763 " mahuna; used by Kahunas. Lahaina, Maui. JSE. 2764 "moe, kilohana kapalapala puahala, Kamalo, Molokai. JSE. D. 2765 "9 from Hana, Maui. JSE. p 62 2766 Kapa kihei mahuna, from Laie, Oahu. JSE. D. 2767 It "4 "4 Waimea, Kauai. JSE. D. 2768 it mahuna used by a kahuna lapaau at Waimea, Kauai. JSE. D. 2769 "t kihei mahuna, from Kaikioewa, of Waimea, Kauai. J SE. 25, KR. 2770 "t pa'u hula, made at Waimea, Oahu. [2] D. 2771 it fragment. HG. D. 2772 "t ribbons. HG. 24, KR. 2773 it mamaki. D. 2774 "eleele. D. 2775 "malo kea. D. 2776 "puahala. Honokua, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 3, KR. 2777 " kapalapala. HG. 23/4 x 1 1'2 3, KR. 2778 " malo eleuli, color olena soaked in mud. Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. 9 in. x 6 24, KR. 3201 " aeokahaloa. H. M. Liliuokalani. 4 ft. x 63/4 24, KR. 3202 " moe, olena 2, mao, olena, mao. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7 x 93Y4 1, KR. 3203 " "kilohana palahea, I keokeo, 1 paiula, 2 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7'2 x 10 24, KR. 3204 " moe, kilohana nau, 4 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 623 x 9 KR. 3205 " " "paiula, 4 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7% x 9 '1 D. 3206 " 4 keokeo, no kilohana. H. M. Liliuokalani. 62Y3 x 91Y4 D. 3208 "yellow popicho, decorated, modern make. 3209 " ribbons. 9 specimens from Mrs. J. M. Whitney. 24. KR.SAMOAN KAPAS. 2201 Siapo or Bark-cloth JSE. 7 ft. x 9 ft. 19, MR. 2202 " JSE. 6 x 7 Y 19, MR. 2203 "19, MR. 2204 "19, M R. 2205 light Coord~ figured C, T D. 63 2206 Mat black, varnished. Tutuila. JSE. 4 ft. x 7 ft. D. 2207 it brown, figured, soft. JSE. 5 x 63,4 D. 2208 it it it " JSE. 8 x I11 D. 2209 "is " JSE. 7 x 9'32 D. 2210 " " " " J SE. 9 x 1 534 D 221 1 " " " " JSE. 7 X I11 D. 2212 " " " "Tutuila. J SE. 7 x 8j% D. 2213 "heavy, varnished figures. IlfrY: x 1 4 D. 2214 " " " " "on white. 9 ~? x 1 2 D. 221 5 " " " " " "JSE. 9'Y2 x Il0 ~< D. 2216 it " " it it JSE. 81/2 x 9 D. 2217 " " " " "on white. JSE. 8 xlO0 D. 2218 "4 " it all over. Corn. L. Kemnpif. U.S.N. 53,4 x 8'Y2 D. 2219 it heavy varnishedallover. JSE. 6'2, x 9 D. 2220 It JSE. 7 x 9 D. 2221 "t heavy, figures on white. Tutuila. JSE. 53,4 x8 D. 2222 " "triangular pattern. JSE. 5'2 x 7 Y D. 2223 " " figures on white. JSE. 7fr2 x 8 D. 2224 "i" t " JSE. 5 YV, x 9'Y2 D. 2225 "i" t It JSE. 6 Y4 x 9 D. 2226 " " all dark. JSE. 5Y,4 x 8 Y4 D. 2227 " "figures on white. J SE7. 6 x 8 D. 2228 " " " "JSE. 5 x 7 D 2229 " " " on brown. JSE. 5 x 5 Y7 D 2230 " white screen or curtain, double. JSE. 6 Y xlII D. 2231 " tainamu or mosquito curtain. JSE. D. 2232 "pulou or head-covering. JSE. 22 in. x 13 19, M R. 21 79 " tiputa worn by young girls. JSE. 19, MR. 2180 " " " "wife of Malietoa, made of the leaf of the dwarf fala. JSE. 2950 " dark, varnished. 8 ft. x 8Y4 ft. 2951 Mat tiputa, white, fringed. 8 in. x 16 ft. 2952 ft leathery, dark-red, yellowish underneath. Marquesas Ids. C. 9 ft. x 7 25, KR. 2-953 di it red painted, black vine. Hawaiian? HG. 4 x 4'2 25, KR. 2954 "t brown figures on white. 6 /2 x 9 D. 2955 "t "9 it " " 4 x 7 D. 2956 "white with fine black rulings. 4 x 6 Y D. 2957 " " " " " 3 Y2 x 51Y3 24, KR. 2958 "brown figures. 5 x 8 D. 2959 " "and yellow figures 6'%2 x 8 Y3 D. 2960 " "figures. 6'2, x 82Y3 D. 2961 "tiputa or malo, white with black spots. 2 x 122Y3 D. 2962 " white with brown figures. [J. D. Strong.] 923 Xli1 D. 2963 " " " " "9 x 9 D. 29654 '~ ~ ' 52Y3 x 71Y3 D -3573 serrate border. 4 2x 5Y4( 19, MR. 2968 "malo, white with brown figures. 1 Y2 x 101) 2970 "lavalava or pulou, fringed. J SE. 1 13 x 18 D. 2971 "jacket or coat, brown. 19, M R. 1 765 Gbola or bark cloth for malo. Kai, New Guinea. MR. 1 766 Po " " " Kela, New Guinea. MR. 1 767 " " " Bukaua, New Guinea. MR. 1 768 Obo " Jabin, New Guinea. MR. -1 769 Nakwin " " cloak "t "t 9 MR. 1 784 Gi " " " decorated. Poom, New Guinea. MR. 1 785 Mal" " " malo, decorated. Siassi, Low Ids. 1996 2027 -2028 New Guinea. MR. Fan made of kapa. Fiji Ids. C. 4, EH. Masi or kapa used as a turban. Fiji Ids. JSE. 4, EH. i 6 6 4 E ' 6 C 6 HG. 2, EH. 65 NA MOENA-MATS. The Hawaiian mats in this collection are made of the leaves of Hala [Pandanus odoratissimus], stems of the Makaloa [Cyperus laevigatus], of the Akaakai '[Scirpis lacustris]; to these may be added in the Samoan collection Faupata [Boehmeria Harveyi], Fau or Hau [Paritium tiliaceum], the latter common in the Micronesian mats, Banana fibre, New Zealand Flax [Phormium sp.], and rattan [Calamus rotang], of Malayan sleeping mats. In the Hawaiian dwelling of the better class, the floor was made of small stones and if not entirely covered, at least a raised portion used as a bed and called Hikiee was covered with several layers of mats, those of coarser texture at the bottom and fine hala mats on top, or perhaps a choice makaloa. Hala mats were again used as tables [2583, KR. 15], or convenient surfaces on which to dry seeds, fruits or plants, and finally mats were used for canoe sails, Ie pea. Tribute was paid in mats, and they formed no inconsiderable portion of a man's wealtH. In Samoa mats, Ie lalaga, ie taua, ie sina, ie ula, etc., were used for dress as well as to sleep on [Falamoe] and the finer kind were reserved for presents. In Micronesia the pandanus mats are beautifully ornamented with strips of hau dyed black or brown, and serve for garments. For this use they are small, but a similar one was sent as a present to Kamehameha V. which measured 8 x 10 ft. A still finer kind is used exclusively for garments of the women and is woven on a rude loom; all others mentioned in this catalogue are hand woven or braided. The leaves of the hala are carefully selected, scraped and split into strips of suitable width which are rolled up and kept for the weaver. The width of the strip varies from 1~ in. for the coarse floor or bed mats to yr in. for those placed on top of the hikiee. Leaves dried in the sun were browner than those dried by the fire and this difference in shade is used with good effect in many mats [2582, KR. 15]. The hala tree is far less common than formerly on these islands. No attempt has ever been made to plant it, and plantation clearing, forest fires, and some unexplained disease have made material for mats scarcer and dearer than twenty years ago. The makaloa mats were made chiefly on Niihau, although the makaloa grows on Oahu and other islands as well, and those with colored patterns, moena pawehe, were seldom, if ever, made else 66 where. The fine mats can only be plaited while the sedge is young, hence the time of working is limited to a few months each year, and it is certain that the largest mats of this kind in this collection must have been in the makers hands seven or eight years. The red portion is from the lower stem. These mats are still made, but the makers are fast dying out, and the younger generation of females does not take kindly to such continuous work. It has been not a little puzzling to know where to draw the line between mats proper and mat-work used mainly for other purposes. For example, the fine mats from Ruk and the Marshall Islands are used as garments, the makaloa was plaited into malos for the chiefs, baskets or kits were simply mats folded or stitched together. Hawaiian pillows are only lauhala mats with three instead of two dimensions, fans are generally mat-work, and some Samoan mats can hardly be distinguished from New Zealand cloaks except by slight difference in form. However, without adopting a rigid rule, fans, pillows and baskets have been relegated to the division of household utensils, mats that can only be used as portion of a garment to the Island or Group from which they originate. By this means, although the collection of mats will seem much smaller than it really is, repetition will be avoided, and all will be found in the subsequent part of this Catalogue containing the specimens from Micronesia, Melanesia and non-Hawaiian Polynesia. The mats demand more study then has yet been given them. Some of those from the western Islands show great ingenuity in joining leaves without braiding; the pleasing alternation of two colors is noteworthy in the work of the Gilbert Islanders and the elegant designs from the looms of Ruk deserve attention. Examples of the looms on which these hibiscus and banana fibre mats are woven are to be found among the Micronesian collections. 2550 Moena Niihau, plain. Niihau Mat. 92 ft.x 14'3 ft. D. 2551 " " " 7 x 0, D. 2552 " " ". 7' x 10 D. 2553 " " very old. 6~ x 12Y D. 2554 " " pawehe. W. P. Leleiohoku Collection. JSE. 9/2 x 18Yj 13, KR. 2555 " ",,,, JSE. 7 x 7 10, KR. 67 2556 M 2557 2558 2559 2560 2561 2562 2563 2564 2565 2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571 [oena Niihau, pawehe. Niihau Mat. JSE. 7- ft. x 9j ft. 9, KR. <" " " Given by Kekauonohi to Mrs. Rooke the mother of Queen Emma. 13 x 24 1.3, KR. t, ' " 102 x 15 5, KR. t,, " 10 x 102/3 10, KR.,,, i" " 6'2 x 73 7, KR. " " < " 15 x 26 D. ( "( " 634 x 7/8 7, KR. t " " h< rhpcrltred n nal konane. 6 c i 11 x 13 2 " triangular figures 6 x9,,,,,, 7 x 9 ~ " " ' QE. 13 x 27,' it " zigzag lines. 74 x 152 " " " fine. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 614 x 9~ 6~x9~,, ",, 64 x 94 "i " lettered. HG. 6 x 7 t i.( 4 stripes and zigzags. 2572 2573 2574 2575 4A 2576 2577 2578 2579 2593 2587 2588 2589 2590 6 x 7,,, " " " 5'' 5 x 9,,, " " " 6 x 10 t" t 4" Largest in the collection. 142 x 302 " t" i( triangular figures. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 14, KR. 14, KR. 14, KR. 15, KR. 7, KR. D. D. 3, KR. 3, KR. 3, KR. 3, KR. 2, KR. 2, KR. D. D. and soft. 9, KR. D. D. " " plain. t( ' ci 9 x I 7 x 117/ 72 x 102 7' xl0 7 x 11 old. 7 x 10 6 x 94 Kamehameha I. Very old 10 x 20 4 x 7 QE. 5 x 6 4 I 6 i i I,, ( 68 I 2600 Moena Niihau malo, used only by chiefs. Very old. QE. -3, KR. 2601 It " 3, KR. 2580 " lauhala. Pandanus mat; fine. 43,4 x 7'4 10, KR. 2581 "I0Y2 x 34'3 3, KR. 2582 "7Y2 xlO0 15, KR. 2583 ""coarse, for dining purposes. 3 x 2834 15, KR. 2586 " "i diagonal stripes. 4Y4 x 6 D. 2591 "8 x 18jY4 D. 2598 "7 xlIt'2- D. 2599 "8 x 1034 D. 2602 " " Hinano, R. A. Lyman, Jr., Kapoho, Puna, Hawaii. 8 x 8'Y3 9, K R. 2603 " 73Y4 x 9 D. 2782 "8'2? x 10Y~ D. 2783 "9 x 10 D. 2784 " old. 8 x Ill'3 D. 2785 "9 x IO D. 2786 "7'Y2 x 12'4 D. 2787 " sleeping mat. 4 x 6 D. 2788 4 " "x434 X D. 2789 " " fine. 6'Y3 x 9 D. 9'7Oai " "t hie-iitifni11v woven border. 2791 2584 2585 2594 2595 2596 2597 5 x 6Y 5 x 8Y D. D. 6 4 6~ itfine. QE. akaakai. Rush mat. 2'2 x 5 9, KR. 6 x 6 9, KR. 8' xlO0 D. 7 x 83,4 D. 10 x 20 D. 7 X 9// D. I: 1485 Tapore or mat to cover a Maori oven. New Zealand. C. 41, MR. 1510 Porera or sleeping mat. New Zealaad. C. D. 2780 Mat for floor. Rotuma. JSE. 6'Y2 x 10 D. 2781 "t "4 " 6 Y x1 0fr' D. 1808 188Sleeping mat. New Guinea..C. 69 3215 Mat hala with hau trimming. Covert's Id., 1839. 25fr~ in. x 26Y4 in. D. 321 6 Cc hau fibre, knotted fringe, red and blue beads. Tonga. C. 3 ft. x 5 ft. D. 321 7 "pandanus bordered with hau. Marshall Ids. 6 x 6 D. 32 1 8 "Marshall Ids. 5 Y?, x 6 D. 32 1 9 " 16Marshall Ids. 6 x 6 D. 3220 " 9 C Marshall Ids. 5 3/2 5 Y2 D. 3221 " " Marshall Ids. 5'Y2 x 6 D. 3222 Cc" 99 Marshall Ids. 6 x 6 D. 3223 Cc Cc" Marshall Ids. 6 x 6 D. 3224 t it Marshall Ids. HG. 3 x 3 D. 3225 it" 9 9 Marshall Ids. HG. 3 x 3 D. 3226 "* Majuro, Marshall Ids. C. 23,j x 23,4* D. 3227 "Marshall Ids. 23,4 x 23,4* D. 3228 Cc it" Marshall Ids. JSE. 2 Y8 x 23,4 * D. 32f9 "4 C 6 i Marshall Ids. JSE. 2jx 2r8 * D. 3230 Cc " Marshall Ids. JSE. 23,!4 x 23,~* D. 3231 it" Marshall Ids. JSE. 23,4 x 23,4 * D. 3232 it Marshall Ids. JSE. 2Y x23,4 * D. *Worn as garments about the waist; one is adjusted in front then a similar one is fitted behind overlapping, and both are secured by a cord belt. a 70 3233 Mat pandanu bordered with hau. Marshall Ids. JSE. 2 2x 2 Y2 D. 3234 " it Marshall Ids. JSE. 23Y8 x 2 A* D. 3235 Marshall Ids. JSE. 23Y8 x 23Y8* D. 3236 "Marshall Ids. 2 x 2 *10,PG. 3237 "t 49i Marshall Ids. 2 x 2 *1OPG. 3238 "t c Marshall Ids. 5'Y3 X 5'Y3 D. 3239 Mat. Black and white checks. Niue. JSE. 3 Y8 x 52Y3 D. 3240 "C Black and red zigzags. "9 JSE. 5'Y8 x 6'Y6 D. 3242 " Man's loin-cloth of banana fibre. JSE. Ruk. 13Y4 x 5'3 1, MR. 3243 " Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and border. Kingsmill Ids. C. 1'2 x 5y, 2, MR. 3244 " Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and border. Kingsm ill Ids. C. 1 Y2 x 5 3, MR. 3245 " Hibiscus fibre,,3 black stripes and border. Kingsrnill Ids. C. 1 2X 5 3, MR. 3246 " Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kingsm ill Ids. 1Y2, x 5 1, MR. 3247 " Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kingsmill Ids. 1'Y2 X 5 D. 3248 " Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kin~m ill Ids. 1'Y2 x 5 D) 3249 " hau. Poncho, plain, two sewed together. Ruk. J SE. 3'Y3 x 5 Y2 3250 " Woman's dress. Ruk. HG. 19 in. x 3'2ft. D. 3251 it"cc "t JSE. 21'Y2 x 3 Yr~ D. 3252 it " it " JSE. 21k/ f~ D 3253 " "" JSE. 24 x 4 D. 3254 " "" "JSE. 23 x 3 Y4 D. 3255 " JSE. 2 2 Y4 x 33Y4 D. 3256 " "" "HG. 23 x 3 Y% D. 71 3257 1 3258 3259 3260 3261 3262 3263 3264 3265 3266 3484 3485 3486 3487 3488 3489 3490 3491 3492 3493 3494 3495 3496 3497 3498 3499 3500 3501 3502 Viat hau. Woman's dress. Ruk. HG. 22y,~in. x 3jy~ft. D.' Kingsm ill Ids. C. 22 x 33/4 D. 2 1 x 4 D. 1 8 x 3 Y~ D. " " Man's scarf, plain. 1-1G. 15 x D. cc t VIQ E. 1 8 x 6 Y4 D. -Cc It HG. 18 x 6' D. 6 Woman's dress. Ruk. JSE. 18 x 5 D. cc Man's lopalol). " JSE. 25 x 5 D: Woman's poncho " JSE. 33 x 6 D. it" Man's garment, two mats sewed together. Ruk. "banana fibre, two mats. Ruk. JSE. 32 x 7 D. " " " ~~~man's lopalop. Ruk. JSE. D. 22' Y2 x 63Y4 D. woman'9s dress, no fringe. Ruk. JSE. 24 x 6 D. fringed. Ruk. JSE. 21 x 6Y 12, PG. lopalop. Ruk. JSE. 14 x 6Y 12, PG. " " " " ~~~~~~~~~JSE. 23 x 61 poncho for men. 42 x 6 pandanus, sleeping. Ponape, Caroline Ids. C. I Y2 ft. x 2'2 ft. " " " ~~~~~~~~~Caroline Ids. HG. 12Y3 xlO0 'CC ccdouble, curious structure. 4 it ~~~~~~C Cit C 41Y3 44two colors. Gilbert Ids. HG. 2 4 sack. "I 6 HG. 1 Y4 8, PG. x 4 D. x 5 3/4 D. 12, PG. x 6 D. xlI3A Y4 D. xb5 9,PG. C Cfloor, two colors. "c8Y c sleeping. Gilbert " JSE. 4 Y c (Ctwo colors, longitudinal suture. 4 Y% CC Cfringed strip, origin unknown. 23 C C girl's garment. Gilbert Ids. H G 2Y/3 72 3503 Mat pandanus. Girl's garment. Gilbert Ids. HG. 3504fi iY3ft. x 223Oft. D. 6 6 g 4 C I JSE. 1 x 3Y2D. 3505 C very fine. 5 YAx 6 3506 " Hawaiian? 5 x 8 3507 " " scoarse, round. 323 ft. diameter. 3508 " hau, fringed. QE. 3'Y2 x 6 5093 Niihau, fine texture. 43,4 x 6..3510 " " 3 Y4 x 6 3570 Ie sina. Bed mat Samoa. C. 3'Y2 x 6.3571 " C " HG. 3'Y2 x 6 3502 " C " 23Y4 x 5 1 D. D. D. D. 34 D. /4 D. D. D. 3, 9, KR. A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY. PART II. Household Implements, Tools, Amusements, War, Worship, Ornaments, Medicine, Fisheries and Canoes, Relics of Chiefs. HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 1892. I, THE information given in the following pages in regard to the Hawaiian customs and antiquities has been gathered from various sources, but in most cases has been checked by notes made by the compiler during an extended exploration of the Group in 1864-65. At that time there were many natives living who were familiar with the methods and implements of olden times. Many of the high Chiefs were alive and communicated information that they were best able to give. Priests who had officiated in the heiaus of the ancient worship could be refered to, and the old Hawaiian who did not know the name of plant, bird, fish was as rare as now is the middle-aged Hawaiian who knows aught of the lore of his fathers. The limits of a Catalogue forbid extended treatment of antiquarian subjects, and only so much has been written as seemed required to explain the collections. It is well known that the ancient Hawaiian made use of the same implement for very different purposes at different times; thus a broken poi-pounder was converted into a lamp, an ulumaika was used for a hammer; the stone cup at one time the furnace in which the kahuna burned the spirit of his victim, later became a less dangerous cup to hold the pigment for the tatuer; a stone club or newa that had laid low many a warrior became in time the sinker for a fisherman's net. Hence it has been necessary for the Curator to use discretion in naming some objects that may not meet the approval of some antiquarians. The most important or obvious use has been selected, and the broken and useless poi-pounder that has been altered into a lamp is classed with lamps, while the newa that without change of form has been made a sinker still ranks with weapons of war. 6~~~~~~~ -3~~~~~~~ HAWAIIAN HOUSEHOLD IMPLEMENTS. Before describing its contents the house itself deserves attention, Several small models are in the Museum but these are not very exactly made either in form or material. While it is true that the makaainana did not all have good houses to live in, dwelling in caves or miserable huts, several families often herding together, the houses of the chiefs and well-to-do citizens were by no means uncomfortable, although destitute of much architectural beauty. Even the palace of the King was not an elaborate structure and all looked at some distance like well-trimmed haystacks, from the grass with which they were covered. Fifty years ago Honolulu was, with very few exceptions composed of such houses. The building of a chiefs house will serve as illustration of all the rest which differed mainly in size and finish. Religious rites which filled so large a part of the daily life of a respectable Polynesian had an important part in the building of his dwelling. It is not necessary here to describe them all, but the aspect of the site, what the Chinese calls its "Fung Suey," was determined by the kahuna. The time for cutting the timber, the kinds to use, as for example opposing rafters must both be of the same wood or the house would be unlucky,:-the sacrifice of a man to place under the main post of the house, and final cutting of the grass over the door, all were occasions for priestly interference and taxation. The dimensions of a native house might be twenty-five feet wide, twelve feet deep and of a height from four or five feet at the hip to ten or even fifteen at the ridge, according as the high old priestly style or the lower and more modern one was adopted. The corner posts [poukihi] were planted first, set deeply in the earth, or among the stones of the platform on which the better houses were built; the other posts of a side were then set at intervals of about three feet, and when the posts of front and back were complete the plates [lohelau] were bound firmly with coconut cord to grooves already cut in the posts, leaving a slight finger projecting above the plate to 6 engage the fork of the rafter. The'two main posts [pouhana] are then raised, and it is under one of these that the human sacrifice was placed in a chief's house. The ridge-pole [kaupaku] was bound by cord to the notches in the top of the pouhana, and the halekea or upright posts inside the house were set up, if it was large or required partitions. The rafters were put up and carefully marked for length, then taken down and at the top hewn into a knob, at the bottom where it met the post into a fork. When trimmed these were carefully bound to the ridge-pole and the side posts, and then the [kuaiiole] or upper ridge-pole was fastened above. Then the whole building was drawn tightly together by ropes until the ahu or small lath-like sticks were tied on over the whole house. The frame was then ready for the thatch, which might be grass-pili, ki-lai, or cane leaf-lan ko according to the taste of the owner; the grass was more durable. There were no windows and the plank door was usually very low, seldom more than five feet, more commonly three feet high. A light fence around the outside completed the dwelling but the owner might not move into it with his family until the priest had uttered the Kuwa or prayer at the cutting of the grass over the door. Within there was little enough in the way of furniture. A raised portion of the gravel floor, the hikie, was covered with mats and was the bed. A small circle of stones in the floor marked the fire place, if the house was in a cool situation, but there was no chimney except sometimes a small hole at one gable. A few calabashes to hold food and clothing, some dishes for pig, dog or fish some huewai or waterbottles, a few rolls of mats and bundles of kapa. That is essentially all the furniture of the ancient Hawaiian. Great pity for him! says David Malo. In ancient times while the Kapu was still the supreme law of the land, an Hawaiian establishment consisted of at least six distinct houses:1. Heiau or house where the family gods resided; women could not enter. 2. Kua or house for beating Kapa. This was the women's workroom. 3. Pea or house where females could retire during their infirmity. 4. Kua or men's eating house; women could not enter. 7 5. Aina or women's eating house; men could enter, except priests. 6. Noa or commmon sleeping house, where guests were received. The abolition of the Kapu and Idolatry, and the extinction of kapa-making did away with this multifarious abode, and bringing all together made the house more comfortable even if the promiscuous herding of men, women and children in one room was not conducive to morality. A new grass house is cool and comfortable, but it soon gets full of vermin, and from its poor ventilation musty and unwholesome. There are still some "Hale pili" left in out of the way places, but like the kapa-making they belong to a past that can never return4235 Small model of Hale pili 30, *MR. 4236 " " " covered with fern. 30. *MR. Of household implements the Calabash takes first place. The Hawaiians like the Tahitians, Maoris and other Polynesians knew not the art of pottery. They had the clay but not the knowledge, and it is worthy of remark if they truly came from the Asiatic continent, where pottery has been practised from time immemorial, and has attained in ages prior to their supposed emigration a remarkable perfection, they should remember nothing of this important art of their father-land, while the black races of Fiji and the New Hebrides make pots of fair quality and complicated form. Hawaiians 'had, however, a substitute for bowls in the immense fruit of Curcubita maxima, a gourd not native to the Islands, but found cultivated here when the Group was discovered; it was not known on the other groups, nor is its native country known. The hard, woody rind of this gourd was light and durable, serving for containers of food or clothes. A pair of the gourds suspended from the auamo or carrying stick of the Hawaiian served, not thirty years ago, for travelers'trunks, one containing food, the other clothing. They were dried and carefully cleaned, furnished with a cover, which also served as a dish, and a net or koko to hold the cover close and to form handles. For the common people these koko were simple nets of coconut fibre or olona, but the chiefs indulged their fancy with kokos of most complicated knotting, many of which are in this collection. The wood of various trees also furnished material for their most valuable containers. The Bottle gourd [Lagenaria vul. 8 garis] was found on this and other Polynesian Groups. It serves for bottles, and the larger specimens for hula drums. On Niihau the art of decorating the surface of the gourd was much practised. A water-proof glaze was put all over the gourd and the portions that it was desired to stain black were scraped bare, and the gourd sunk in the mud of a kalo-patch. The large umekes of wood were wonderfully well made, and of good form; by far the best specimens of Hawaiian handicraft. They were nearly as round as if turned, but in making no centre was struck. The block was selected, roughly trimmed and soaked for months before working, the outside was finished first and polished, and then the interior dug out, leaving walls sometimes an inch thick, but often reduced to an eighth. Specimens of these in various stages will be seen in Case 27, MR. Kou [Cordia subcordata] is the wood most used; Kamani [Calophyllutn Inophyllum] is also a favorite, and a single specimen of coconut wood appears in the collection. 408 Pa kii.-Dish for roast pig, with carved figures of Kahahani and Kekuapoi his wife from the collection of H. R. H. Keelikolani. Carved dishes are at present very rare, but in the olden time not uncommon. In the British Museum are several curiously carved, and many other specimens are in foreign collections. Such curious forms would naturally be carried away by curiosity seekers. Among the Maori articles in this Museum is a dish or bowl [1532, Case 39, MR.] supported, by two similar figures, which are peculiar in that they both face in same direction. In the present example the mouths of the figures are large and used to contain salt. 6, MR. Circumference. Height. Inches. Inches. 409 Umeke poi, kou wood, old. 89% 18% A. 14, *MR. 410 " kou, modern cover. QE. 8334 14 F. 34, *MR. 411," QE. 82 102 B. 8, MR. 412 " " 74 20 A. 6, *MR. 413 " "( 72 14 F. 7, *MR. 41.4 " " Paki's. 72 9I B. 26, *MR. 415 " kamani with cover. 70' 10 B. 5, MR. 416 " kou. HG. 70 95 B. 9, *MR. *Indicates that the objects are outside or on top the case numbered. The letter refers to the diagram of form to be found below. 4 417 Umeke 418 I 419 i 420 4 421 422 423 424 425 i 426 427 i 428 i 429 I 430 i 431 i 432 433 434 435 436 itk 437 438 i 439 4 440 441 442 i 443 i 444 445 446 i 447 i 448 C 449 C 450 c 451 i 452 i 453 454 9 Circumnference. Height. I nches. Inches. kou. 69 Y4 17 F. 31, MR. 44flat bottom. QE. 69 Y2 6 Y H. 9, M R. 4 6 ~~6 8 1 0 H. 4, *MR. with ipu cover. 61' 14 A. 4, M R. Itkou "1 583/4 7 Y2 H. 5, M R. coconut wood. HG. 5 8~ 1 2 B. 30, *MR. kou, very old. 5 8y llfrY2 A. 5, *MR. $4 5~~~~4Y2 9'Y2 H. 7, M R. old. QE. 53'2 14 A. 5, MR. i with cover..53'Y2 12 Y A. 7, MR. it ~~~51 Y 8 Y4 B. 6, MR. turned. 48'2 43/4. H. 4, MR. old. 48 II1 A.. 5, *MR. JSE. 473/4 8 B. 6,,MR. 471Y4 83/4 H. 6,~ ~'-MR. 4 6~Y 4 B. 4, MR's itturned. 4 534 5 H. 5, M R. CQE. 4 5'2 51Y4 H. 4, MR. old. 4 4'2 63/4 B. 9, ~mR. 'amani turned. 42 4'2 B. 5, MR. kou. Q E. 4 034 l3'2 A. 5, MR. "turned. 40'2 6 B. 5, MR. 37 73 4 F. 7,~ MR. "old, polygonal. QE. 3 33/4 93/4 A. 4, MR. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 48'Y2 6 B. 30,9 *MR. 46~ 8 H. 4, M R. 5 0 6 H. 6,9 MR. 45 5'~~Y H. 5, MR. QE. 4 2 4 4'/2 B. 6, MR. QE. 441/4 33/4 B. 4, MR. "with cover. 403/4 5 C. 4, MR. old, unpolished. 413/4 6~Y H. 12, *MR. 393/4 71Y2 F. D. " " " ~~~ ~~~42 73/4 F. 89 *MR.. 3 5'2 43/4 B. 22, MR. "9 " 3 4 4 9Y2 A. 10, *-MR. ohia wood. Punaluu, Kau. JSE. 30 9 A. 4,*MR. 10 455 Umeke kou, old, unpolished. 456 " " " turned. 457 " " " " 458 " ( < 459 " " " 460 " " " JSE. 461 " " melia, turned. 462 " ".i 463 " " eleven-sided. 464 " 465 466 467 " " olo. 468 " " turned. 469 " " old, decahedral. 470 " " " unpolished. 471 " " " " 472 " unfinished. 473 " " ohia, rough, buri; Circumference. Height. Inches. Incles. 314 4'2 B. 5, *MR.,382 434 H. 9, MR. 35 3i4 D. 7, MR. 34 2 4 D. 9, MR. 352 54 B. 11,*MR. 34 yf 5 B. D. 3634,52 H. 5, MR.:335 4 4, MR. i31 7 4, MR. 302 5 B. 7, MR. 27)2 7 A. 9, MR. 3234 334 D. 7, MR. 3 3 D. 4, MR. 30 2 32 D. 28 2 3j2 B. 4, MR. 312 62 A. 7, MR. 29 7 A. 11, *MR. 27'2 72 A. 6, MR. al cave. " ckou, Kanupa eave. 24 7 D). 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 JSE. 2534 6% D. olo. QE. 402 1 1 L. 4, MR... 3134 7 2 G. 7, MR. 2334 634 A. 7, MR. turned. 2334 664 A. 7, MR. 22 2 5%2 F. 7, MR. 23 6~ D. 6, MR. decahedral. 254 54 5, MR. 24 7 D. 6, MR. " old, unpolished. 24 434 A. 5, MR. 25'2 4 5, MR. " Kanupa cave. JSE. 15Y2 6I L. D. " old, rough. JSE. 22Y2 7 ). " " " "353 5 H. D. " hexahedral. 28'2 4 B. 4, MR. "i 429% 4 B. 8, MR. " with base, turned. 29 4 D. D. 34 3% D. 4, MR. Circumference. Hei ht. Inches. inctes. 492 Umeke kou, cover of kamani. 344 3 1 D. 6, MR. 493 " " rough. 33 33,4 G. 7, MR. 494 " 332 24 B. 7, MR. 495 " " grooved. 30 4 B. 4, MR. 496 " " turned, with base. 2934 4 H. I7, MR. 497 " " " 23 423 F. -7, MR: 498 "r "t 2~5- 3 H. 6, MR. 499 " " 25~ 4 F. 4, MR. 500 " 29 34 501 "24'2 4 K. 4, MR. 502 " 25 42 H. 32, *MR. 503 2 " 6'2 3 y H. 6, MR. 504 '. " 26Y2 2'Y 505 " pithecolobium, varnished. 2634 3'2 H. 4, MR. 506 " kou. 26 3Y4 507 " " 27'2 4Y B. 6, MR. 508 " turned with base. 28 3 H. 5, MR. 509 " " 204 44 F. 9, MR. 510 " " 213,4 3 B. 7, MR. 511 " 2 334 23,4 H. 9, MR. 512 " "turned. 19 4 3Yj A. 8, MR. 513 " " 19 334 F. 9, MR. 514 " " 1814 3 F. 9, MR. 515 "t " 2QE. 19'2 3Y4 B. 4, MR. 516 "t "1 flat bottom, peculiar shape. 18~ 4Y4 4, MR 517 " " JSE. Heavy bottom. 16 5Y A. 5, MR. 518 " "19 33,4 0. 6, MR. 519 " flat bottom. 20 3 4, MR. 520 " "turned with base. 213,4 3 B. D. 521 " " " 22 24 H. D. 522 1 " " eaten. 22 2'2 D. D. 523 It "t decahedral 23~ 2~ D. 4, MR. 524 " "t 243,4 2V2 D. 9, MR. 525 " ". 24Y4 25Y D. D. 526 " " turned, perhaps a cover. 22 1 4 D. 9, MR. Circumference. Height. I nches. I nches. 527 Umeke.kou, turned. 22'4 2'Y2 D. D. 528 " " "22 ~ B. 9, MR. 529 " " Q.2 2 4 23Y4 D. 6, MqR. 530. " 20 2 Y4 F. D. 531 " 17'y 2 2'4 B. 9, MR. 532 " ~~~~~~~~~~8'4~~' 234 B. 9,MR. 533 " "173Y4 2 Y2 B. D. 534 1 6'Y2 23Y4 B. 5, MR. 535 " "polished. 173Y4 2'Y2 H. 5, MR. 536 " "Y48 1 34 B. 7, MR. 537 " " lY2 3'Y4 H. 5, MR. 538 " " 2 4'Y2 H. 4, MR. 539 " pithecolobium. QE. 22 23Y4 B. 8, MR. 540 "old, burial cave. 2 2 2 3Y2, A. D. 541 "kou with gourd cover. yE. 15 Y4 4 D. 542 " " old burial cave. 25 Y4 5 Y4 D. 543 " " Kanupa cave. JSE. 251Y4 41Y4 B. D. 544 I " " J iSE. 3 0 2 43Y4 H. D. 545 " "burial 31.'4 4 D. 546 2 " " 8 Y4 4'Y2 D. 547 " " "27 /4/ 4y, D. 548 " "hemispherical, flat bottom. 28'4 4 Y D. 549 " JSE. 243Y4 2 Y2 D. 550 " " " JSE. hemispherical. 2 6 Y 33,4 D. 551 " " old, burial. JSE. 22 2'Y2 D. 552 " rosewood. QE. 24 Y4 4 Y4 B. 7, M R. 553 "ohia, rough, thick. 3 4 4 3 Y4 D. 554 "or ipukai, calabash cover. Honoapu, Hawaii. JSE. 3 4 Y4 4Y4 B. 8, MR. 5.60 "kou. 2 9 4 3 B. 7, MR. *561 " " 3 0 2 33Y4 B. 7, MR. 562 "' "2 834 23Y4 B. 7,MR. 563 " "293,4 3 B. 4, MR. 564 " "2 534 234 * D. D. 565 "kamani. 28 3 E. 4; MR. 13 Circumference. Height. Inches Inches. 23~ 2/ 566 Umeke kou. 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 214,"." 22,' ' 224 22' " 22 2 22}2,,d 2'22 19 "s "t 19 "' '' ' 19 4 " " 194 " t 1912 "t cs 19 4 ct f, 19I " s 19~ "( 23 "* " 22 <" " turned with foot. 26 <" " with cover, turned. 284 "' " " " 2214 ' " ' " 22212 " " " " 224. '.... 221 (" " " " 22 " Ag l h 22H " goblet-shaped. H.R. H. Keelikolani. 15% 23/4 3 '234 3 3 2 23^ 24 234 234 2 3/ 2/3 2'3 235 234 2 24 22 2.2 22 '2 22 E. D. E. D. E. 6, MR. E. 7,MR. E. D. E. 7,MR. E. 8, MR. E. D. E. 6, MR. E. 32, MR. E. D. E. 20, MR. E. 32, MR. E. 32, MR. E. D. E. D. D. 14, MR. D. 8, MR H. 8, MR. E. 9, MR. E. D. E. 8, MR. E. 8, MR. E. D. E. 8, MR. E. D. 6, MR. 8, MR. 9, MR. 4, MR. 4, MR, 8, MR. 5, MR. 8, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. 7, MR. 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 t I" with cover, turned. "' " " d " of kamani. "< "1 octahedral. QE. " " goblet-shaped. " " with cover. " " goblet-shaped... I I I[ I ' I ' I ' ' '' '' ' '' I I I' '' I I '' '' '' I I. 1 1 14 Circumference. Height. Inches. Inches. 604 Umeke pithecolobium, with cover varnished. 8, MR. 605 606 607 608 609 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1143 2290 2291 2292 3898 4004 4005 4006 3899...."6 8, MR. "." and carved. 8, MR.... ' " 8, MR. ".8, MR. d. ~ 4, MR. G. 23 144 4, *MR. G. 20 184 5, *MR. kou; flat goblet-shape " corrugated. H "n " Am H nenelaau. H. R. H. elikolani. Ke 433 441 11 ^ kamani. 4 8, MR. 44 B. 9, MR. 4 9, MR. 4 D. 34 D. *MR. " kou HG. " HG. " laau HG. old. " kou. 'Kapea" Kamehameha I. 53 " "< "Aia iluna" Kamehameha I. 57 <" "( "Aloha kou"Kamehameha I. 4634 " kou awa. HG. 30 " kou. 232 i 6 ii 30 it" " 38....( 38 8 4 82 3 5X2 5 3 6i H. 32, *MR. H. 32, *MR. H. 32, *MR. B. 4, MR. A. D. B. D. B. D. i" " Gourd cover. Formerly used to contain soft poi for weaned infants or little children. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. 4678 Ipu kou. Bowl with 4 handles. JSE. 8, MR Na Ipu holoi lima.-Finger-bowls were always used by the chiefs at meals. The sticky nature of the poi and the greasy nature of roast pig, as they used neither fork nor spoon rendered this very needful after eating, and the community of dishes into which each dipped the hand or at least the finger, made it a desirable custom before partaking of food. The forms of these finger-bowls are various, but most of them have ridges or projections inside to aid in clearing the tenacious poi from between the fingers. Some are 15 large and might serve for wash-bowls, while others are of complex pattern and indicate much refinement in their owners. Fragrant leaves were used as napkins, and sometimes had a compartment of the bowl to contain them. 610 Ipu holoi lima, k, 611 " " 612.. 613.. 614 " ( 615 " is 616. " 617 " " 618 " ". 619 620 621 " "( 622.. 623 " " 624. it 625 " "L 626 " " (27 " " 628 " " 629 s t. DU. "decahedral. 4 mended with ea. " old. ' oval. ' deep, old. ' with two ridges. I oval. QE.;l ' octahedral. I double bowl. Diameter inches. 15 14Y2 16 1334 1334 12^ 1334 162 13 xll 10 114 1234 x 10 10)4 X 8 ll3x 834 93 x 7 10 10 94 14 2 6, MR. 6, MR. 7, MR. 7, MR. 7, MR. 6, MR. 5, MR. D. 6, MR. 4, MR. 4, MR. 4, MR. 6, MR. D. 5, MR. 5, MR. 6, MR. 7, MR. 6, MR. large modern bowl. 18 " ". " heavy with handle. 12 t" t '. heavy with handle. 934 <" it " lute-shaped. 17 x 1034 " it it Si 15 x 9 ~ " " " HG. 4, MR. 9, MR. 632 633 4002 4003 7, MR. 5, MR. 5, MR. D. D. Na Ipu aina. Slop.Basins.-Used to receive the refuse of the food, as fish-bones, banana skins, etc. They were much thicker and heavier than the umeke poi, and those of high chiefs often were inlaid with the teeth or bones of slain enemies. While it was deemed 16 honorable to have one's bones attached to a kahili or a food dish, it was a deep disgrace to the unfortunate man whose solid parts decorated what was looked upon as a vessel of dishonor. The use of human bone was more extensive than is usually supposed, and it arose not from the need of a hard material, since many of the Hawaiian woods would meet all the requirements, but it was a device to gratify the natural feelings of revenge, or in some cases to preserve the memory of a friend or renowned warrior much in the same way that more civilized peoples preserve the hair of a deceased person. Examples of these inlaid bowls are seen in Case 32, MR. Diameter. Height. Inches. Inches. 663 Ipu aina, kou. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 11 5f 9, MR. 635 " " old, mended. 134 734 8, MR. 636 " " QE. 10 5 9, MR. 637 " " one tooth inserted. 93 44 32, MR. * " many teeth inserted. HG. 1934 3 32, MR. e ((s " bones and teeth inserted. QE. 284 4~ 32, MR. 639 " " QE. 12 7 MR. Na Pa.-Dishes of wood were made both round and elliptical or elongated. The former served for dried fish, fruits, shell-fish, etc., or as covers for the umeke poi; the long dishes were for fish or roasted dog or pig. Diameter Inches. Inches. 640 Pa kou elliptical. Curiously divided into six compartments. 27 x 192 4, MR. 641 " circular. 18 7, MR. 642,( " 14% 6, MR. 643 "(( 14 6, MR. 644 " " JSE. 12 7, MR. 645 " " 12 7, MR. 646 " " burial cave. 11 7, MR. 647 " "t old. 102 7, MR. 648 " " turned. 10 7, MR. 649 t" " old. * 102 6, MR. 650," " turned. 10 8, MR. 17 Circumference. Inches. 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 2293 2294 2295 4007 4008 4009 729 1213 1214 1215 1216 Pa kou c 44 it It 6 I 44 01 64 1 4 ircular, burial cave. it Kanupa cave. 7'2 I I I 6 Pa koa. Pa kou. 5' 'I C 5'I i itrosewood, turned. QE. 8 4, 6 1 I ~ Q E. 6 4 5, I' 5 4, ial, old. 27Y4 x iS rough. JSE. 26'2 x 13Y2 7, 24 x 14Y47, flY4 x 13YX 7, 16,4 xl212Y 5, 1434 x 1 I k 4, old, cracked. 29 x 9 koa. JSE. 26 x Y 19/4 x 7'Y2 6, elliptical. 19Y4 x 7 /2 6, JSE. 17Y4x 8 "old, rough. 14,Y4 x 7 Y4 7, fine. QE. 18 x 73,4 4, thick. 10Y4 x 6 Y4 7, 10'2 x 5 Y4 4, rcular. Kamehameha I. 15'Y2 32, 14 32, '5 " ~~~ ~~~~12 32, Kanupa cave. JSE. I11'2 " HG. 1 03,4 rough. 12'2 iamona. Sauce dish. 7- 4, ooden bowl with four legs. 243,4 x 18 10, 31 x 24Y2 8, QE. 4012 x 20Y-~ 15, 32Y4 x19Y4 12, D. D. MR. MR. MR. D. M R. MR. M R. MR. MR. D. D. MR. MR. D. MR. MR. MR. MR. *MR. '-MR. *MR. D. D. D. MR. MR. *MR. *MR. *M R. It in Oval w i' '5 t' 728 Pa. Meat d~sh with attachment for salt. QE. 6, MR. Kanoa Awa.-Awa bowls of the Hawaiians departed from the form with four legs common in the southern *groups [Example in Case 19, MR,] and were little different from the umeke poi. In fact awa drinking, although common on these Islands, never was attended by the formalities always observed in Samoa and Fiji. 18 Circumference. Height. Inches. Inches. 855 Kanoa awa, kou H. R. H. Keelikolani. 41 4 8, M R. 556 "4 234 4 Y2 8, MR. 557 "49 4Y4 7, MR. 1558 "473Y4 5 Y< 5, MR. 559 "t i 31 '2 4 7, MR. ~'4142 Kanana awa. Gourd strainer to remove the fibre from the chewed awa root. 8, M R. Less expensive than the elaborate wooden umnekes were those of gourd, ipu, from which the later wooden utensil takes its form and one of its names. Two members of the gourd family were utilized the bottle gourd, Lageniaria vulgaris, and the larger gourd, Curcubita maxima. The former is found in most tropical countries cultivated or naturalized, while the latter was not known to the other Polynesians before the advent of white men, both being found on this group at the timne of the discovery by Cook. Many of the bottle gourds whether used for umnekes or bottles [Huewai] were decorated by figures in the orange color of the fruit brought out by a black ground. The fru~it of the large gourd was use as a receptacle for clothes perhaps more frequently than for poi. Diameter. Height. Inches. Inches. 1063 Umek~e pawehe. Decorated gourd. 14'Y2 10,9 MR. 1 064 " " 141Y4 10, MR. 1 065 " " 123Y4 l1, MR. 1 066 "t " 13 11, MR. 1 067 it" HG. 1 234 10, MR. 1 068 " " Q E. 103Y4 10, MR. 1 069 "4 4 QE. 123,4 lo10 MR. 1070 "6 It 1l'2 10, MR. 1071 " " l0'2 10, MR. 1072 " " N. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 9 Y4 10, MR. 1073 " " Niihau. JSE. 73,4 1 0, MR. 1074 ". JSE. 7 Y2 1 0, MR. 1 084 I " 0 4 7 J1, MR. 1075 " pllain with cover and koko. 13 9 11,. MR. 1 076 4 it goblet-shaped. H1 9 2 1 1, MR. 1092 "6 " 8 8 Y?21 1 MR. 19 3923 Umeke, plain, cover and koko. HG. 3924 ""HG. 3925 "" ipu, cover and koko. HG. 3926 '' '' ' I'' 3927 " " " smaller, with peculiar koko. 3928 " 3956 Ipu. Gourd bowl. 3957 "6 It i 3958 It It i 3959 It It" 3960 It "6 6 3961 "t it" 3962 "6 " 3863 it " 3864 it It fi 3965 it "i I 3966 "t bowl. 3967 i 3968 i 3971 6 3972 Cc 8973 C 3974 " 3975 69 3976 it c 3977 " 3969 Calabash bowl (not ipu) 3970 I it cut lengthwise. D. D. D. D. D. D). D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 9,MR D. DM. D. 12, M R. 1 2, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12t, M R. Diameter. Inches. 1085 Ipu. Gourd cover or dish. 16 119 MR. 1086 "I15 /2 11, MR. 1087 "14Y2 11, MR. 1088 4 1 4~Y 1 1, MR. 1089 "4 JSE. 15 11,9 MR. 1090 it 12Y4. 11, MR. 1091 it 1 0~ 11, MR. Other covers are on the calabashes for ~vhich they were made. 3978 Gourd covers -or dishes. D. 3979 " "D. 20 3980 Gourd cover. D. 3981 " "' D. 3082 (" " D. 3083 " " 9, MR. 3984 (" D. 3985 ( ( D. 3986 " " D. 3987 " " D. 3988 " " D. 3989 " " D. 3990 " " D. 3991 " " JSE. 8, MR. 3992 " " JSE. 9, MR. 3993 " " JSE. Na Huewai or gourd water-bottles were formerly in universal use Those with a long neck, or of unusual size were for home use, while the short-necked, globular ones were for the use of travelers. There were still other forms used by fishernen. For stopples a Terebra shell or a neatly folded palm or hala leaf served well. i093 Huewai. JSE. 12, MR. 1094 " HG. 13, MR. 1095 " 14, MR. 1096 " 13, MR. 1097 ". 12, MR. 1098 " 14, MR. 1099 " 12, MR. 1100 " short neck. HG. 14, MR. 1101 " JSE. I1, MR. 1102 " Puna, Hawaii. JSE. 11, MR. 1103 " JSE. 12, MR. 1104 " short neck, koko. 12, MR. 1105 " Kanupa cave. JSE. 13, MR. 1106 ( (( " JSE. 13, MR. 1107 " small, no neck. 13, MR. 1108 " Kanupa cave. JSE. 12, MR. 1109 " " " JSE. 12, MR. 1110 " 10, MR. 1111 " pueo. Hawaii. JSE. 12, MR. 21 111 2 Huewai pueo. 1113. 1114 1115 " " small. QE. I111 6 " conical. JSE. 11I1 7 " H. R. H. Keelikolani. 1 118 I I1119 it" large. I1139 "small. 1264 pueo, light color. 3929 " with koko. HG. 3930 " Kanupa cave. JSE. 3931 3932 3933 with koko. HG. 3934 it' i 3935 "short neck. 3936 "it HG. 3939 It 3940 " with koko. HG. 3941 " mua. HG. 3942 "pueo. 3943 " " and koko. 3944 it" 3945 it if 3946 i 3947 " side orifice. HG. 3996 "pueo with koko. 1 120 " pawehe, decorated. 1 121 1 122 1 123 1 124 " "QE. 1 125 " "QE. 1 126 it " conical. 1 127 " " Q E. 1 128 " "HG. 1 129 " "H. R. H. Keelikol '1 130 St I 1 131 " "QE. D. D. D. 9, MR. 12, MR. 11, MR. D. 1 5, MR. 1 2, MR. 12, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. 12, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 11, MR. 13, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 1 4, MR. 1 4, MR. 1 4, MR. 1 4, MR. 13, MR. )E. lani, 22 1 132 Huewai pawehe..QE. 11 33 it it JSE. Niihau. 1134 it " HG. 1135 " pueo. 1136 i ti 1137 it " flat. 11 38 it i made by Naaumokohi of Kapaalaea. JSE. 1078 Ipu for carrying food or clothing, Diameter Height Inches. inches. 1 3, 9,P I11, 9,9 MR. MR. MR. 'MR. MR. MR. 12, MR. with covers. ~ 18 1 7 10, MR. 1079 it 17 15 10, MR. 100 t 15fr Y llfr~Y 11, MR. 1081 "15 14 13, MR. 1082 "17 16'Y2 13, MR. 1083 "without cover. 19'Y2 7 15, MR. To carry these gourds [or other similar burden] poles were used made of some tough wood, slightly curved and notched at the end. The section was generally, if not always circular, and not well fitted to rest easily on the shoulder: hence a bearer was known by, the callus formed at the point of contact. *144 Auamo, Aumaka or Mamnaka kii of kauila wood carved with two human heads at each end. Made by Kipola during the reign of Kamehameha III. J SE. Inches Long. 72'2, 5, *MR. 145 Auamo kii. Two heads at each end. QE. 97'2 13, 146 t it A head and three teeth at each end JSE. 69 9, 147 "ulei wood South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. Three notches. 41 1 48 "kauila, one notch. JSE. 45 12, 149 "koa ancient. JSE. 49 1 50 "guava, made by Kapela of Keauhou, Kona Hawaii, JSE. 37 Y2 1 51 "ulei. Two notches'at each end. JSE. 62 12, 1 52 " kauila. QE. 61 V2 15, 1 53 " ulei. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 4 4'2 15, 154 "JSE. 4 3 Y 4164 Hook of wood, used to hang ipus on. JSE. 8, *MR. D. MR. D. D. MR. MR. MR. MR. *MR. 23 671 Oleole kau ipu. There was no such thing as a meat-safe in the economy of an ancient Hawaiian house, and to pre. serve food from pigs, dogs and rats it was necessary to suspend the ipus that contained it beyond their reach. Usually a pole was fixed in the floor of the lanai and to the top was fitted a notched cross bar from which a number of ipus might be hung. QE. 11, MR. 672 Oleole kau ipu; larger and very old. JSE. 11, MR. 673 Club of kawau wood; larger at each end, called by the natives from whom it was procured "laau kui kope" a coffeehuller. The ends do not seem to be sufficiently worn to support this use, but no other use is suggested. JSE. 11, MR. 1140 1141 3949 3950 Ipu hokeo pawehe. A container for clothes.."." very thick, curious lid. HG..." HG...i. QE. 12, MR. 13, MR. D. D. These, as well as the following class were used to carry kapas on canoe voyages where they were liable to a wetting. The Hinai poepoe were ipus, or in some cases wooden umekes over which was closely worked a net of the aerial roots of the ieie [Freycinetia A rnotti]. These roots are tough, flexible and durable: they are called ie. So firmly are they woven, and so lasting the fibre, that often long after the ipu has been broken or has rotted away the basket remains and is often used as a fish basket. 1403 Hinai poepoe. Gourd, covered. JSE. 15, MR. 1404 t" t " JSE. 14, MR. 1405 " " " no cover. 24 in. high. 15, MR. 1406 " (. covered. Kuamoo, S. Kona Hawaii, 1407 1408 1409 3889 3890 JSE. 11, *MR.,," t " coarse texture. JSE. 12, *MR. " " No gourd 12, *MR.,.(( A " oblate spheroid. HG. For clothes. 14, MR. " L" kou, very fine, no cover. 15, MR. " " "( complete. 15, MR. 24 1230 Ipu for filling water-bottles. Hour-glass shape. 15 MR. 1231 " " " " Scoop shaped, dark colored. 15 MR. 4237 " " (( " " 15 MR. Inches Inches Wide. Long. 1218 Ipt kui Small wooden mortar or trough. 74 2434 11 MR. Inches Inches Diameter. High. 1219 " " Wooden, old and decayed. Pohokuikope? JSE. 134 10, MR. 1220 " "( large stone. Used for drugs? Kauai. JSE. 11 % 7 10, MR. 1221 " stone, well-made; found by G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7 4 7 10, MR. 1222 " " " " " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 614 132 11, MR. 1223 " " " " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 8 8 10, MR. 1224 " " " " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7'4 82 11, MR. 1225 " " " " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7 64 10, MR. 1226 " " " spherical. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 74 43 11, MR. 1227 " " " large, shapeless. HG. 15 7 2 13, MR. 4078 " " " for grinding awa. The bottom worn through. H. M. Liliuokalani. 12, MR. These mortars were used to crush kukui nuts for the oil and in the preparation of inamona or sauce, and generally whenever a grinding process was required. The preparation of poi, a most laborious process, fell to the lot of the men. The implements, which were an important part of the house-furnishing, were a shallow trough of some hard wood, and stone pestles of various shapes. On Kauai the perforated or ring form, and the earlier and rarer stirrup form were preferred, the conical with a knob and convex base being used on the other islands. 25 4079 Pohaku kui poi. Poi pounder; weighs I0jY/ lbs. 36, *MR. 4080 " " HG. 36, *MR. 4081 Id Id H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36, *MR. 4082 di " 36, *MR. 4083 is it 36, *MR. 4084 " " H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36, *MR. 4085 " "36, *MR. 4086 " "36, *MR. 4087 " SE. 20, MR. 4088 " ".20, MR. 4089 " " JSE. 20, M R. 4090 " " JSE. 20, MR. 4091 " " malut 20, MR. 4092 " " malu. 21, MR. 4093 " " malu. 36, MR. 4094 " " coral rock. 20, MR. 4095 " "20, MR. 4096 " " JSE. 20, MR. 4097 " " JSE. 20, MR. 4098 " " JSE. 20, MR. 4099 " "20, MR. 4100 " " malu. 20, MR. 4101 " "20, MR. 4102 " "20, MR. 4103 " " 20, MR. 4104 "6 it " lime crust. 20, MR. 4105 " " oval section. 20, MR. 4106 " D. 4241 " 1 8, MR. 4107 " " ivory. This was probably used to pound medicinal drugs, as ivory was preferred for that purpose. 33, M~R. 4108 " " stirrup-shaped. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 20, MR. 4109 " " ""20, MR. 4110 " " " "20, MR. 4111 " " " 20, MR. tSmall pohaku kuis used to avoid betraying to the chief that food was being prepared, lest he levy a contribution. They were also carried when journeying. i 41 12 Pohaku kui poi. Stirrup-shaped. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 20, MR. 41 13 it "t "9 two horns at top. G. H. Dole. 20, MR. 41 14 " " conical-shaped. G. H. Dole. 20, MR. 41 1 5 " coral rock. 20, MR. 41 16 " " stirrup-shaped. 20, MR. 41 1 7 " " pohaku puka, signet ring-shaped.37, *MR. 41 1 8 " puka. HG. Ring-shaped. 37, *MR. 41 19 it" 37, *MR. 4120 " "37, *MR. 4121 " "J SEI,. 37,*MR. 4122 " " 37, *MR. 4123 I " 37, *M4R. 4124 " " 37 *MR. 4125 " I 37, *MR. 4126 " "37, *MR.( 4127 " "J SE1-. 37, *MR.~ 4128 " " 37, *MR. 4129 "37, *MR 4130 " "20, MR. 4131 " "H. Mi. Li'liuokalani. 20, MR. 4132 " "20, MR. 4133 " "20, MR. 4134 " "20, MR. 4135 " " 20, MR. 4136 " signet-shaped. 20, MR. 4137 " "20, MR. 4138 " "20, MR. 4139 " "20, MR. 4140 kui. peculiar. G. H. Ile 20, MR. 42,39 "puka. 18, MR. 4240 " "18, MR. 4225 Papa kui poi; small for a single pounder. Usually a man pounds at each end. in. long, in. wide. 3 434 16Y2, 20, MR. 4226 Papa kui poi. Double. 65 2 3Y21 20, *MR. 4227 " " 6 i 60 24 D. 4228 I " 57 24 D. 4229 " ' 48 16 D 27 4230 Papa kui poi, rough trough, weatherworn. 36 in. long by 6 in. wide. D. Coconuts have furnished in their hard and durable shell capital cups or bowls and have been utilized by all people living within the range of this most useful palm. On the Hawaiian Islands, where the coconut cannot be said to thrive, it is so near its northern limit, the fruit is small and not abundant. Of late years the larger varieties of the southern islands have been introduced, and very fine bowls made from the nut. These are chiefly used at feasts to contain individual portions of poi. Coconut shells also are the orthodox cups for awa drinking all through the Pacific. 4145 Coconut cup, turned koa base, ipu cover. Dar Umeke poi. cc 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4252 4157 " kou (t I " " ' coconut cover. " " " ". "~ ipu (" " " " no cover. I( I ~ ~ ( I6 I ~ * I ss ( i K. k nut. 8, MR.,MR.. 8, MR. t 8, MR. " 8, MR. " 8, MR. " 8, MR. " 8, MR. nut. 9, MR. " 9, MR. " 9, MR. " 9, MR. " 9, MR. I( s& cc i. I I ((4 (" t " ipu cover. Light Ic cc cc 'C c' Cc CC Cc CC CC C scalloped edge, wrought coconut base and cover. 10, MR 4158 Coconut cup, scalloped edge, wrought coconut base. 10, 4159 " " " " 10, 4160 " " "c " 10, 4161 " " " 10, 4162 ( " " " 10, 4163 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 Umeke poi, coconut, ipu cover. At it MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. D. D. D. D. D. D, 4( 28 4170 4171 4172 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 4182 4183 4184 4185 4186 4187 4188 4189 4190 4191 4192 4193 4194 4195 4196 4197 4198 4199 4200 4201 4202 4203 4243 4244 4245 4250 4251 Umneke poi, coconut. it it ~scalloped. "JSE. large. pointed. light. JCSCC CC CCdar, calopd CC ghCC "dark. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 34, MR. 34, MR. 34, MR. 34, MR. 34, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 29 4204 Coconut cup, common apu niu. D. 4205 " " " D. 4206 " " " D. 4207 " " " D. 4208 t " ( D 4209 D "D. 4210 " " " D. 4211 Apu niu, polished. 12, MR. 4212 " " 12, MR. 4213 " " 12, MR. 4214 " 12, MR. 4215 " " 12, MR. 4216 ( " 12, MR. 4269 " apu awa. 8, MR. Cups for drinking awa were of three forms; the common half nut, the end of a very small nut,-this was most used; half a nut cut lengthwise,-a form reserved for the kahunas and called olo. 4217 Olo awa, Awa cup. D, 4218 " " D. 4219 " " D. 4220 " " D. 4221 " " JSE. 8, MR. 4222 " " JSE. 8, MR. 4223 " " JSE. 8, MR. 4224 " " JSE. 8, MR. 4270 " " 8, MR. 4271 " light. HG. 8, MR. 4272 " " dark. HG. 8, MR. 4273 Apu awa, small awa cup. JSE. 8, MR. 4274 " " " 8, MR. 4275 " " " JSE. D. 165 Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle [Kiaha au loihil. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. with handle. 674 Ooma pu niu. Coconut ladle [Kiaha au loihi]. Hawaii. JSE. with handle. 4234 Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle HG. S. Kon, JSE. with handle. 4276 Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle HG. S, Kon JSE. with handle. D. S. Kona, 6, MR. a, Hawaii. 6, MR. a, Hawaii. 6, MR. 30 Where kalo did not abound, as in Puna, Hawaii, sweet-potato was used in its place to make poi, and as the tenacity of kalo poi was wholly wanting, this substitute could not easily be eaten with the fingers and a spoon was required, simply a segment of coconut shell. 1233 Kioe palau, Coconut spoon for palau. JSE. 14, MR. 1234-1240 Kioe palau. JSE. 1241-1242 " 1243-1246 " JSE. 4277-4286 (" D. 4231 Kanana pu niu. Coconut strainer for awa etc. The "eyes" are left open. 8, MR. 4232 Kanana pu niu. Coconut. 8, MR. 164 Palau kohi ai. A stick used to cut the leaves [huli] from kalo. JSE. 14, MR. 1178 Palau kohi ai. uhiuhi wood. 14, MR. 1179 " ohia wood. 14, MR. 1180 Laau palau, kauila. Mixing stick for potato poi. 8, MR. 1181 " uhiuhi. 8, MR. 170 " koaie. JSE. 8, MR. 171 " JSE. 8, MR. 1057 " kou. H. M. Liliuokalani. 9, MR. 1058 i" " QE. 9, MR. 1059 ( " " 8, MR. 1060 " uhiuhi, long and narrow. 8, MR. 1061 " kauila. 9, MR. 1062. 9, MR. Diameter Inches. 1257 Pa pohaku, sandstone dish? from Kailua, Hawaii. 13 12, MR. 1258 Pa pohaku, lava, circular. 6 13, MR. 1259 " poho kui poi malu? JSE. 12, MR. 1161 Pa inamona, sauce dish, coconut shell. Cave at Honomalino, Hawaii. JSE. 7, MR. Common sauce dishes were simply a slice from the end of a coconut. 4287 Pa inamona, fancy, coconut basket. 8, MR. 4288 " " " '4 8, MR. 4289 " " " " HG. 8, MR. 31 4290 Pa inamona, plain dish. 8, MR. 4291-95 " " 8, MR. 4253 Bowl made of the Seychelles or twin coconut coco-de-mer. 4254 Bowl made of the Seychelles or twin coconut LLodoicea Sechellarum] Inches Inches Long. Wide. These bowls are 11 7 4 HG. 14, MR. 12 7 HG. 14, MR. Although acquainted with the rotary drill for boring, the Hawaiians do not appear to have used the Fire-drill, but obtained fire by the Plow. A small stick, the aulinia, is held in the hand and rubbed in a groove in a larger stick, aunaki. The aulima is of some hard wood while the aunaki is of hau or some soft wood. In five seconds the rubbed wood is charred, and in about a minute the dust which collects at the bottom of the groove ignites, and the flame is caught on a bit of tinder, or a welu ahi composed of twisted kapa or cotton cloth. The action of rubbing is called hia. 1158 Fire-sticks. JSE. D. ' 1159 " QE. 14, MR. 1160 " HG. 14, MR. 1161 " JSE. 14, MR. 1162 " JSE. D. ~ 4246 Welu ahi. Balloftindercord, Cotton cloth. JSE. 14, MR. ' 4247 " " kapa JSE. 14, MR. Rats and mice have always been a pest on the Hawaiian Islands; and the old Hawaiian, before the introduction of cats, used a bow and arrows to destroy them. It is curious that knowing the principle of the bow they never used it as a weapon of offense, nor developed it beyond a very feeble instrument only suited to the killing of "rats and mice and such small deer." 162 Pana iole and Pua iole. Bow and arrow for shooting mice. Made by Kapela of Keauhou, Hawaii. The string is olona, the arrow the flower-stalk of sugar-cane tipped with kauila. JSE. 15, MR. 32 163 Pana iole and Pua iole. Bow of mulberry wood. Made and used for many years by Kapulupulu of Kawaihaeuka. JSE. 15, MR. 0 164 Ohe puhi ahi. Bambu used by old Kapulupulu to blow his fire. JSE.. 14, MR. A curious contrivance was in use to protect the house from invasion. No locks were known and a bar would offer little protection as it could be removed from without through the thin wall. A heavy stone was suspended over the door in such a way that a person entering after the trap was set would probably be crushed by the fall. 4077 Pohaku pepehi kanaka. Door Stone. HG. 11, MR. Of the five Kahu alii or personal attendants of an Hawaiian Moi the Ipukuha or Spittoon was the most trustworthy. The very life of the king was endangered if he should prove remiss in duty and allow even the smallest portion of the royal spittle to fall into the hands of an enemy. The instrument he carried, and from which he got his name, was a small box or bowl carved from some choice wood, and in the darkness of night he must empty the daily accumulation into the sea, or should the court be on a journey inland, he must with the utmost secrecy bury the possible danger. The clippings of the royal finger-nails went the same way. The inanimate spittoons were held in great esteem, to which their ignoble use would not entitle them in other lands and hence those belong- ing to Kamehameha I. and other renowned chiefs have been care- fully preserved, and are in this Museum. Made of such an absorbent material they required great attention to keep them in a decent condition. Diameter Inches. 678 Ipu kuha, kou. 82 D. 679 " " 82 14, MR. 680 " " 7 681 " 64 682 " " 7 D. 683 " " 7 684 " " 8 685 " 8,4 686 " " 8 33 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 4000 4001 Ipu kuha, kou, <( ( it 64 c. (( U ti I iC i QE. Diameter Inches. 7g 8 6 6g 6 6 14, MR. 7 6 15, MR. 5 6 52 4g 4'2 5 15, MR. 5 72 x 534 14, MR. 7 x 4 5 14, MR. 5 14, MR. 5'2 D. QE. oval. square.. " old. i burial cave. 4 4 H G. 4 " " " HG. Quite similar in shape, although larger, were the 675 Ipu mimi. 12 676 " 93 677 " 93,4 3997 " HG. 9 3998 " HG. 3999 " HG. D. D. D. D. 14, MR. D. D. D. D. D. The Hawaiian pillow is a parallelopipedon of plaited pandanus leaves stuffed with the same material, capital accompaniment to the Hawaiian mat bed. 34 Width. Height. Length. Inches. Inches. Inches. 1144 Uluna-Pillow. JSE. 6 4 10 15, MR. 1145 " JSE. 52 42 21 15, MR. 1146 " JSE. 6 32 102 15, MR. 1147 " QE. 6 4 10/ 15, MR. 1148 " QE. 5 4 13 D. 1149 " HG. 4 4 102 D. 1150 " 6 5 19 D. 1151 " 42 32 10 o D. 1152 " JSE. 42 3 8 D. 1153 " 32 22 7~. D. It is said that wooden pillows were used in olden times, but if so there are none in this collection. Obesity being a much desired condition among certain chiefs of either sex, the food taken was so much in excess of natural requirements that passive exercise was needful for digestion, and the delightful process of lomilomi was resorted to. Often one might wish to lomilomi the back when assistance was not at hand and for this the following sticks were contrived. Back-rubbers are a decided addition to the comfort of the inhabitant of a grass house. 1163 Laau lomilomi kua, kou, large. HG. 15, MR. 1164 " ". D. 1165 "( " ( 15, MR. 1166 " c" " kauila, Kalihi, Oahu. JSE. 15, MR. 1167 " " " Honaunau, Hawaii. JSE. 15, MR. 1168 " " nenelaau, Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. 1169 " " ' Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. 1170 i" " " JSE. D. 1171 " "( " " JSE. D. 1172 " "c " "( JSE. D 1173 " " " " JSE. D. 1174 " " " ulei. North Kona, Hawaii D. 1175 " " "' nenelaau. Kailua, Hawaii. D. 1176 " " HG. D. 1177 "( " HG. D. For artificial light the Hawaiians burned the kernels of roasted kukui nuts strung on slender strips of palm or bambu. As the nuts burned, the remains were knocked off as soon as the next nut was 35 ignited. They served as time-tellers almost as well as King Alfred's candles. Invention, however, did not stop at the rude candle whose empyreumatic odor was so strong as to be long remembered by the stranger who was present at the burning. The oil was expressed from the nut and burned with a wick in stone cups. Animal fat was used as well for this purpose, and for a wick a dried rush or a welu of kapa was suitable. To a people who had no written language the light, although unsteady, was sufficient. 4138 Kukui. String of nuts for a candle. 8, MR. Height. Inches. 1182 Poho kukui or ipu kukui. Stone lamp. [Phallic.] JSE. 1183 " sandstone. From a cave on Niihau. [Phallic.] JSE. 1184 " JSE. 1185 " dense lava for nuts. Nuuanu, Oahu. JSE. 1186 " 4 legs. Waimea, Hawaii. JSE. 1187 " small base. 1188 " fine grain lava. 1189 " dumb-bell shape. HG. 1190 " hour-glass shape, cup at each end. 1191 " porous lava. JSE. 1192 " 1193 I( '. cylindrical. 1191 " " 1195 " large end of poi-pounder. 1196 " broken poi-pounder. Kohala, Hawaii. J SE. 1197 " broken poi-pounder. JSE. 1198 (" " JSE. 1199 " " 1200 " Kohala Hawaii. JSE. 1201 " porous lava, pohowaa, cylindrical. 1202 " " Haiku, Maui. JSE. 1203 " 2 pohos, irregular block. 1204 " " 1205 " square block. 1206 " spherical with large poho. 10 8, MR. 112 8, MR. 7 48, MR. 8 6 Y 4 6 7 5 7'2 5 4 3 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 3 8, 42 8, 2% 8, 45 8, 434 8, 63 9, 64 9, 5 8, 5 9, f 8, 4 Y2 8, MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. 4 I 36 1207 Poho kukui, small poho, unshaped. JSE. 1208 " poho at each end. 1209 " large top. 1210 " oblate spheroid. Molokai. JSE. 1211 " irregular fragment, natural poho. JSE. 1212 " laau. Wooden lamp. JSE. 1228 " small base, large top. HG. 1229 " cup, round bottom. 1232 " found in 1880 at Kulookehua Plains, Oahu, 5 feet below the surface. Presented by Cecil Brown, Esq. HG. 4330 " stone lamp. JSE. 4331 " rough block. JSE. 4332 " JSE. 4333 " large poho. JSE. 4334 " JSE. 4335 " old poi pounder. JSE. 4336 " natural poho. JSE. 4337 " well wrought. leight. nches. 53^4 534 9, MR. 6 9, MR. 534 9, MR. 31/, 8, MR. 6 9, MR. 2~ 9, MR. 3'4 9, MR. 6 9, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 8, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. 9, MR. 4338 4339 4340 4341.4342 4343 4344 I I 4 i ( 6 I C I 4 cylindrical. conical. hemispherical. poi pounder, cellular. "( compact. In smoking few whiffs and tobacco the Hawaiian practice has been to pull a then pass the pipe to the next person: smoke was generally swallowed. For pipes wood was the usual material, and the old chiefs affected those of enormous size. While the stems were usually very short, some-are found in the collection with quite long ones. 4300 Ipu baka. Old pipe found in Kuilani burial cave. JSE. 35, MR. 37.14301 Ipi 4302 4303 1 4304 4305 4306 4307 4308 4309 4310 a1 baka unfinished of aaka root [Myopoyum Sandwicensisi. JSE. 35, MR. it pua wood. JSE. 35, MR. Cc kauila. Old. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 35, MR. kou. 13 in. long, 10 in. around the elbow. Said to have been used by the family of IKamehameha I. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 35, MR. guava. Made 1885. JSE. 35, MR. orange " JSE. 35, MR. kauila JSE. 35, MR. mamane " jSE. 35, MR. given by Kamehameha V. to Hikoni widow. Q E. 35, MR. of Kamehiimeha II. Given by Kalama to Kaopua [w]. 3 2, M1R. Pipe called "Kika" belonging to Gov. M. Kekuanaoa. 20 in. long, 16i in. around the elbow. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 35, MR. aaka root, short, thick. 35,9 MR. seven-sided. 35, MR. 35, MR. 4312 4313 4314 4315 4316 4317 4318 4319 4320 4321 4322 4323 4324 4325 mouthpiece. JSE.3I CC He au ipu baka no Keliimaikai. Bone and ea stem. QE. 3 'lei,1e very old. Keaa, Kau. JSE. 31 cc whale's tooth. Hilo, Hawaii. JSE. 3l, cc aaka root. Straight. Kawaihacuka. JSE, 5, MR. 2, MR. 5, MR. 59 MR. 35, MR.* straight. 35, MR. guava. HG. 35, MR. " tree wart. HG. 35, MR. milo with kauila stem, octahedral. Made about 1830. JSE. 35, MR. milo, used by Kamrehlameha V. as a plaything. Formerly much larger. JSE. 35, MR. "orange with two bowls. A kahuna pipe JSE. 35, MR. 38 4326 Ipu baka kou, short. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 35, MR. 1154 " HG. 35, MR. 1155 " 35, MR. 1166 " QE. 35, MR. 1157 " carved human head. North West Coast? QE. 35, MR. 4327 Hano baka. Coconut used as a tobacco box. JSE. 35, MR. 4328 " JSE. 35, MR. 4329 35, MR. 4492 " 35, MR. 4493 " 35, MR. Chaini were not used by the Hawaiians, but the Chiefs had a rudely carved seat or chair of state, none of which have been preserved. ~ 4345 Stool of ohia wood with four legs, carved from a single block. 4 *MR. The mirrors of the ancient Hawaiians consisted of a polished piece of lava resembling basanite, cut into a circular disk, which placed in water, served their purpose tolerably well. After the advent of silvered glass, it was customary to put a strip of this [it was brought out in narrow strips for trade] in solid kou frames, often cementing it by a putty made of red ochre and kamani oil. Some of these little mirrors were so small that they were attached to the handkerchiefs of the ladies. The ring handle was in all cases noticed on the long side and often excentric. Diameter Inches. 181 Kilo pohaku. Stone mirror. Waialua, Oahu. JSE..34 12, MR. 182 " Stone mirror. Waialua, Oahu. JSE. 3 12, MR. 1347 " Stone mirror. 4 12, MR. 1348 " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 23 12, MR. 1349 " " " 16 12, MR. 1360 " HG. 3 12, MR. 1361 " JSE. 3. 12, MR. 39 Height. Inches. 1352 Kilo pohaku. JSE. 234 12, MR. 1353 " JSE. 2A 12, MR. In kahuna practice it is not unusual to rub or press a boil with the cool smooth surface of one of these stones, the original use being quite forgotten. * 1 56 Frame for a small mirror, kou wood. Found in Kuilani cave, Kohala, Hawaii. The glass was secured by red ochre., 2297 Aniani nana. Looking-glass given by Vancouver to Kamehameha I. Enclosed in a native kou frame. HG. 4466 Aniani nana, small, in wooden frame. 32, MR. 32, MR. 32, MR. The early voyagers speak of the baskets of the Hawaiians, pethaps refering to the Hinai poepoe. The baskets of native origin in this Museum are not remarkable for beauty of form or workmanship. They are plaited of hala or loulu leaves, the bottom is square and the sides rise to a circular rim to which a handle is attached. Another form has also a square foundation but is closed in at the top, leaving a narrow opening which is closed with a cover through which pass the handle. * 4255 Hinai. cords serving the double purpose of fastening and 4256 4257 4258 4259 4260 4261 4262 4263 4264 4265 4266 4267 4268 6 9 C 6 9 ( I ( 6 ( Basket, of large size for storage of roots, nuts etc. ] " lauhala; with cover. ] cc CC cI 1 (. ~c ~c 1.& c( c6 cc cc cc <" "' " no cover. < " " " with cover, large. it" loulu; with cover, small. (n i ( ( C CC A 1 1 17, *MR. 15, MR. 5, MR..5, MR. D. D. D. D. Il, MR. 1, MR. 5, MR. 5, MR. 15, MR. 15, MR. cc " " no cover. c c < c~ (( <. ~ 40 Among the chiefs nets made of various complicated meshes and knots were used to carry the large ipu or umeke. While commoners must use a plain net made of coconut fibre, so commanded the allpowerful kapu, the nobility could show their quality by the complication of knots and meshes, and an addition to the material of cord made of waoke. The two fibres were often combined, and olona sometimes displaced waoke. Queen Emma had a fancy for collecting these curious nets, and to her the Museum owes many of the most interesting. In a genuine koko puupuu the gathering cords are always an integral part of the koko proper. 4346 Koko puupuu. Waoke, two short knots to a mesh. D. 4347 " and niu. D. 4348 (. t D. 4349 Q " (2E. D. 4350 "( D. 4351 ' three short knots to a mesh. D. 4352 " " long ' JSE. D. 4353 (( ( short " i; D. 4354 " ' 6, *MR. 4355 " " one knot to mesh. [On umeke 429] 4356 4357 4358 4359 4360 4361 4362 4363 4364 4365 5, *MR. looped. QE. 19, PG. peculiar. q2E. 19, PG. QE. 19, PG. and niu, close net. D. " D. "6~ cc"~ ~D.... Hawaii. JSE. 10, *MR. looped. On umeke 416. 9, *MR. D. 4366 4367 4368 4369 4370 4371 4372 and niu [aha] knotted. Oahu. JSE. " wound mesh. " wound mesh. " half-wound mesh ~ <( ~ '' us ( ' ' ' ' s Kalihi, D. D. D. HG. D. QE. D. QE. D. D. D. 41 4373 Koko puupuu. Waoke and niu, half-wound mesh. D. 4374 4375 4376 4377 4378 4379 4380-85 4386 4387 4388 4389-93 4394 4395-99 4400-02 4403 4404 4405 4406 4407 4408 4409 4410 4411 4412 4413-15 4416 4417 4418 4419 4420 4421 4422 4423 4424-32 4433 4434-37 4438 4439-42 I 6 6 I I Iloop between wound meshes. D. i It3 1, MRi. D. D. " "JSE. D. " "QE. D. " " ~~~~~~~D. [on calabash 490]. *MR. D. QE. D. D. D. D. D. it itQE. D. it hau, old. D. 64 waoke, thick cord. - D. it QE. D. olona. D. open meshes. D. waoke. D. and niu, close mesh. JSE. MR. & small. MR. it ~~~~~~~D. it 19 niu and horse-hair. Koko onionio. D. is it ~~~~~~~~D. it it niu and horse-hair. -19, PG. it 99 it ~~~~~~D.. t It QE. D. I " 4 loose mesh. D. aha, coconut, large coarse mesh. D. it ~~~~~~~~D. ccQE. D. it it ~~~~~~~~~D. it (I JSE. D. it it ~~~~~~~~D. 42 4443 Koko puupuu; aha, coconut. HG. 4444 " " waoke tops. 4445 " ~4446 " 4447 " " 7 4448 " waoke, thick cord, large 4449-53 4454 " large, two cord system. 4455 " woolen braid, black. 4456 " puupuu, waoke, 2 cord bi 4457 " " and nil 4458 ". " 4459 4460 " " " 4461. 4462 " 4463 " " " 4464 " 4465 " JSE. D. large. D. JSE. D. JSE. D. mesh. D. D. D D. raid. [on 423] 5, *MR. u. [on 4551 5, *MR. [on 4501 8, *MR. [on 472] 6, *MR. [on 4761 7, *MR. [on 435] 9, *MR. [on 471] 11, *MR. [on 4299] 11, *MR. [on 448] 11, *MR. [on 559] 11, *MR. 4248 Pohaku kuai kua. Bath rubber of vesicular lava. 15, MR. 4249 (" " 15, MR. 4233 Kahili or broom. Merely a bundle of coconut leaf midribs. As the Hawaiians squat down to sweep this makes a sufficiently handy tool. 8, MR. 4490 Pohaku eho. Stone for cookinga bird. It was heated and placed within the bird to be cooked, which was then wrapped in ki leaves. JSE. 15, MR. ' 4491 " " for akekeke. Made and used by Naihepahee,Waimea,Hawaii. JSE. 15, MR. 4630-31 Pohaku eho. JSE. 15, MR. 4550 Stone knife. Used to cut up pig, etc. 14, MR. 4551 " " Found on Nihoa. H. M. Liliuokalani. 18, MR. 4632-42 4643-54 4655 4656 Pohaku ( it kui; short, conical pestles. ' long, club like. " noni; long, grooved at end. (" " short, ribbed. JSE. 14, MR. 15, MR. 15, MR. 18, MR 43 TOOLS. Of all the Hawaiian tools the stone adz is the chief. To the present this has not been properly studied, and very little is known of the system of cutting edges: of these the angle varies from 34~ to 78~, the more acute being used for soft wood. In this Catalogue no attempt is made to classify the large and varied collection of the Museum, other than to designate a few whose use is well known. There were several adz factories, notably one on Mauna Kea near the summit, one at Kilauea in the crater Keanakekoi, and still another in the mountains above Makaweli on Kauai. In the latter place are abundant traces of the manufacture; testing by fire the flaking qualities of the compact lava or clinkstone; shaping the flakes by welldirected blows of a hard beach pebble; polishing or sharpening on the hoana or grindstone. The heavy work of felling trees of hard wood for idols and canoes; the hardly lighter labor of shaping and excavating canoes, umekes and dishes; the carving, rude at it was, on the idols, and minute as it was on the ie kuku, demanded good as well as various tools. Hence we have adzes weighing twelve pounds, and chisels weighing less than an ounce. Some cutting edges an eighth of an inch, others six inches. When iron was procurable, flat pieces not unlike a plane-iron were in some cases substituted for stone adzes, but the present writer has seen a canoe maker cut with these iron tools all the rough work of a canoe and then take the old stone koi pahoa to finish the work. The "Kahuna kalae waa" could raise a thin shaving from the hard koa so great was his skill. The handles were often of hau wood [hence perhaps the name, lie au, the handle] and a bit of kapa, hala leaf or banana leaf was inserted between the wood and stone, the two elements being then bound firmly with cord of olona or coconut. In a form much used for the interior work of a canoe, the stone is so mounted as to turn to one side or the other thus becoming, as needed, a right-or lefthand adz. This form is not peculiar to the Hawaiians [See No. 1800 in the New Guinea collection], although it was, by their traditions, invented by one of the canoe gods, Kupaaikee, who not only gave his name but also his tongue [elelo] to the adz. The name koi pahoa rightly applies to a narrow form used like a chisel, but custom has extended its use to almost all forms of stone adzes. The stone axe was not so common here as in New Zealand, Fiji, Solomon 44 Islands and elsewhere, but examples occur in this collection. A few non-Hawaiian stone adzes will be found with the Hawaiian for comparison, while others are with the collections from their respective localities. It will be seen that the Maori forms approach most nearly the Hawaiian, but the latter are still quite distinct from all others. Certainly the Hawaiian workman of olden times could accomplish surprising results with very rude tools. A beach pebble sufficed, as the writer has seen, to shape a poi-pounder, and another stone to polish its curved surface. Case 18 shows fairly what was done in stone working. For wood-work they had, in addition to the all-important adzes, rude drills of Terebra shells or lava splinters, gouges and chisels of shells and shark's teeth, and finally the work on the great idols and the finely finished umekes was largely the result of friction applied by lavas and corals of various surfaces. Religion entered largely into the mechanical work of the ancient Hawaiians, and not only did each work require prayers and ceremonies peculiar to its class, but there were tutelary divinities presiding over every part of the task. Even the bright little bird called elepaio was deified, doubtless because of its instinct in detecting unsound logs, a most important assistance to the canoe maker and the idol fashioner. The rotary drill was known to the Hawaiians, as to so many other islanders of the Pacific Ocean. It is found as well in New Guinea, and seems of Malay origin. Before the advent of iron the point of a Terebra shell served for borer, but in more modern times a triangular file was generally used. e 1 78 Hula pa. Used for boring small holes in the pa hi aku, or shell fish-hooks. The fly is of koa, the shaft an umbrella handle, the handle ulei. Laaloa, Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 1 79 Hula pa. The fly is of koa, as is also the handle or pauma, the spindle or poniuniu is of mamane, the string or kaula hoopa pauma is of olona. Honomalino, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 180 Hula pa. Made and long used by Kamahiai of Pahoehoe, S. Kona, Hawaii. The spindle is of ulei, fly of pine, strings of ilihau and olona. JSE. 27, MR. 45 168 Stone hammer. Used by Kapulupulu of Kawaihae uka for forty years. It was an old hammer when he came to the place and obtained it of the former owner. JSE. It is curious that the old Hawaiians had no name for hammer; the modern hamare being English. As they had no nails to drive, any heavy stone or block of wood might serve in the place of what seems to a modern a most necessary tool. 4467 Stone hammer. Of the form of stone hammers found in Europe. 27, MR. 27, MR. 4468 4469 Ditto. JSE. These three stones are from Hawaii, with no record. JSE. 4480-83 Stone hammers. JSE. 4476 Shell gouge. 4485 Carving tool of iron, modern. JSE. 4486 (" " " JSE. 4487 " " " JSE. 3101 Koi pahoa; found in an old kahua hale at Keei, Hawaii. JSE. 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 " pae, used for rough work on canoes. JSE. " hoomaikai, for finishing canoe. JSE. " "t ~JSE. t " "t JSE. " kalae. HG. " papa ku lauhulu. Made in the time of Kamehameha II. JSE. " papa ku lauhulu. Very large. " iron only. Pahoehoe, Hawaii. JSE. " " with handle. is ts It " kupaaikee, reversible for excavating canoes. JSE. " " in use in 1886. JSE. (" " stone adz. JSE. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. r 46 31 1 7 Koi kupaaikee niu; blade of coconut to trim the soft wiliwili wood. JSE. 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 91alahee. pahoa. Itolopu. Used for soft wood. JSE. JSE. 4 6 pv I 6 3123 3124 Lhoa. G. H. Dole, Kauai. Broad and flat. it it it ~~~Very large. Weighs I0'4 lbs. it G. H. Dole, Kauai. Very fine. Weighs 5Y4 lbs. CC G. H. Dole, Kauai. Narrow. Weighs 3'2 lbs. it G. H. Dole, Kauai. Large, in the rough. Weighs 11 lbs. " G. H. Dole, Kauai. Narrow. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, M R. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, M R. 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 18, MR. 18, MR. 1g MR it Broken. D. it Very small. 18, M R. I I it 18, M R. it it ~ 18, M R. 4 4 I I 18, MR. (I 44 ~18, M R. I 6 I I 18, M R. D. 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3144 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 I 4 I I44 44I 44 44I 44 44 44 44I 44 446 44 44I 44 44I 44 44I 44 I 4 I4 44I long, narrow; found in a cave. HG. Weighs 8Y4' lbs. Broken. broad, flat. HG. very blunt. HG. rough. HG. Honuapo, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. double edge. H. M. Liliuokalani. obtuse angle. I long, rough. i obtuse angle. unfinished. flat. 18, MR. 18, M R. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 47 3 150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176. 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 Koi pahoa, large. '' it it ' ' 'I ' '4 ' '6 ' ' ' 'i I ' ' ' ' ' 'I HG. rough. HG. QE. QE. obtuse angle. H. A. Widernann, 1889. ( i I ( i 4 1 i I I i 4 I i 4c 94 ii I4 Ic 14 ( 4 I i i 4 t c i ( I 4 9 9 ( t 4 c I 4 i 6 I i I i i I ( 4 4 6 i ( I t i t '4 ' 4 c4' I4' i4' ic flat. it H. A. Widemann, 1889. it edge broken. it obtuse. 18, M R. 18, MR. 18, M R. 18 MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, M R. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. 18, M R. 1 8, MR. 18, M R. 18, MR. 18, MR. narrow, '4 under edge rough. very obtuse. edge broken. "Na kini mahoe." QE. edge broken. S. Kona, Hawaii. Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. JSE. JSE. H. R. H. Liliuokalani. flat. blunt edge. worn edge. Kapalama. obtuse. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. unfinished. Kona, Hawaii. obtuse. broken edge. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. ~8, MR. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. J SE. 18, MR. 18, MR. JSE. 1.8, MR. JSE. 18, MR. JSE. 18, MR. JSE. 18, MR. JSE. 18, M R. 48 3188 Koi pahoa. Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. 3189 " 3190 " 3191 " 3192 " 3193 " 3194 " 3195 " 3196 " 3197 " 3198 " 3199 " 3200 " 4028 4029 4030 4031 " 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 " 4037 4038 4039 " 4556-61 4562 " 4563 " 4564 " 4565 4566-71 4572-73 4574 " 4575 " 4576-78 4579-99 4600 " 4601 " 4602 " " G. H. Dole, Kauai. Cc c(c C( (C C' Cc Cc C' ((I ((I ((4 ((1 ((I I ( t ( I ( c(c Cc Cc Cc ~(. I... 'c c(c C' ((I ((I flat. thick, broken edge. narrow. (( unfinished. HG. from H. Turton. G. H. Dole, Kauai. large, flat, broken. HG. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 18, MR. D. D. D. D. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. flat. (( (( thick. flat. G. H. Dole, c c' C' t' C' CI (ma small " Kauai. CIt c' C' ('. Cc very. 49 4603 Koi pahoa; thick, curved edge. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 4604 "t " it blunt edge. HG. 4605 Q QE. 4606-8" JSE. 4609-19 " JSE. 4620 "" JSE. 4621-23 " J SE. 4624 " " JSE. 4625-39 " JSE. 4552 Hoana anai koi. Ancient grindstone for sharpening adzes. JSE. 4553 " ""JSE. 4554 " ""JSE. 4555 Stone chisel. J SE. 18, MR.I D. 18, MR. 18, M R. D. 18, M R. D. 18, M R. D.18, MR. 18, M R. 27, M R. 27, M R. In fine work the general order of rubbing material was, puna or fine coral, pohaku eleku, ana, oahi, olai, oio, lau ulu. This, however, varied greatly; but the old umt~kes no doubt had the whole series applied to them. 3000 Pohaku oio. Stone for polishing canoes or umekes. J SE. 27, MR. 3001 " " Brought from Keoni Oio in Honuaula, Maui, in the time of Kamehameha IL, by a high chief Kaho 3002 3003 i 3004 i 3005 i 3006 i 3007 i 3008 3009 3010 i 3011 3012 C 3014 - 3015 c 3016-19 pi p " hoinea. JSE. 27, MR. 27, MR. ahee anai ipu laau. Kailua, Hawaii. J SE. 27, M R. C ( 6 t 4" JSE. 27, MR. JSE. 27,. MR. " Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. D. " Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. ahoa oio.anai umeke laau. 27, MR. 010 anai. Fine polishing stone. H G. 27, MR. i oval. D. it round. D. it ~~~~~~~~~~D. pahee anai ipu laau. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. 010 anai.N JSE. D. 50 * 3020- Pohaku oahi anai waa. Pumice for polishing. As it is found washed on the beach pumice is called ana; after it has been baked to consoli. date it is called oahi. In this state it is alsc used to scrape pigs after the bristles have been singed. JSE. 3021 Pohaku 3022 i 3023-24"( 3025 3026 ( 3027 i 3028 i 3029 i 3030 i 3031 C 3032 c 3033 I 3034 i oio anai. J SE. I J SE. pahee anai. JSE. oio anai waa. Kailua, Hawaii. oio anai. HG. pahee anal ipu laau. JSE. cc cc ~JSE. oio anai. Pahoa lava. JSE. " Q E. " JSE. 27, M R. D. 27, MR. D. D. 27, MR. D. D. D. D. 27, MR. D. D. D. JSE. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 27, MR. 27, M R. 27, MR. 3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040 3041 3042 3043 3044 3045 3046 3047 3048 3049 3050 3051 3052 3053 Ana Ipu. Pumice for polishing. IKona, Hawaii. Oahi anai wa~a. Kailua Hawaii. JSE. Apuapu anai. JSE. 6, cc JSE. C I 6 ( JSE. 4 t 9 9 JSE. Oio anai. Ilikahi, Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. I ( Puukoae. "1 " JSE. Ana. Pumice. Oahi anai waa. Kailua, Hawaii. Oio anai. Porous lava. Pumice, large block. Puna. Coral. JSE. Pu mice. Oio anai. JSE. 51 3054 Oio anai. JSE. 27, MR. 3055 Apuapu anal makau. JSE. D. 3056 " " " JSE. D. 3057 4 it it JSE. D. 3058 Oio anai. JSE. 27, M R. 3059 " IJ SE. 27, MR. 3060 Ana Pumice. 27, M R. 3061 " " small block. 27, MR. 3062 Puna, smooth white coral. 27, M R. 3063 " 27, MR. 3064 it 27, MR. 3065 Oahi. Pumice thrown 'by the currents upon the shore of Niihau where it was found in 1885. It was then baked in an oven. 27, MR. 3066 Oio anai. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 3067 It with knob. JSE. 27, MR. 3068 it 27, MR. 3069 it H. M. Liliuokalani. 27, MR. 31 3 Laau kahi olona. Strip of wood on which to scrape olona fibre. JSE. D. 314 it "t " JSE. 8, *MR. 730 " " "D. 731 4, *MR. 732 " " " Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. 733 " " "D. 734 " " "D. 735 " " " Notched beneath. HG. D. 736 " " "old. D. 737 it "t " Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. 738 " " " Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. D. 739 " " "fine, notched beneath. 4 *MR 740 " " "D. 744 " " "8 ft. 3 in. long 5y2ft wide. D. 742 " " "D. 743 " " " broad, curved. JSE. D. 744 Flat slab of kaujia wood u~ed for cleaning fibres of waoke, etc. D. 52 4496 Uhi kahiolona. A scraper for olona fibre, made of the shell of the papaua [Meleagrina margaritifera]. Usually these scrapers were made of a plate of bone from the back of a turtle. In use the bark is fastened to the small end of the laau kahiolona which is placed between the legs of the operator, who with the scraper removes the outer bark and leaves the fibre ready for spinning. Specimens both of bark and prepared fibre are in Case 35, MR. 27, MR. 4497 Uhi kahiolona papaua. JSE. 4, *MR. 4498 " ( "( H. M. Liliuokalani. 27, MR. 4499 " " " JSE. 27, MR. 4500 " " " QE. 27, MR. 4501 " " ( 27, MR. 4502 " " kuahonu 27, MR. 4503-7 " ( " 27, MR. 4508 " " " QE. 27, MR. 4509 " " " QE. D. 4510-18 " " JSE. D. 4519 Scraper of tortoise shell. 27, MR. v 169 Paniani. An instrument for twisting hair for ropes. JSE. 27, MR. 183 Hia aho ka upena, of whale's tooth. Shuttle for netting. JSE. 27, MR. 134 ( " Shuttle for netting. JSE. 27, MR. 1 76 Hia aho ka upena; iwi kanaka. Made of the shin bone of Kuliakalanaia of Kohala. He was also a man without hair on his body, and therefore his bones were desired for fish hooks, etc. He was murdered for his bones, and Lualauoho of Kamakahelei secured the right shin bone and made this ka, which he greatly prized for the good luck it brought to his nets. On his death it passed to his son Kama, who died at Hoopuloa April 10, 1886, over a hundred years old, leaving the ka to his grandson Kealiikulu, who sold it the next year to JSE. 27, MR. 53 4520-, 4522 4523 4524 4525 4526-S 185 3915 3916 3917 3918 3919 3920 3921 3022 21 Hia aho ka upena kauila wood. " t" bambu. " wood. " "(( " H. M. Liliuokalani. <<" " bone. 29 d " " pine. Haha ka upena. Mesh-stick for netting. These sizes are used: Nukunukuaulu, makahi, malua, makolu, mahai. JSE. Haha ka upena; bone. JSE. ~c ~ 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 97 AR 'D "J I Y LVL L.. i<" " makolu of whale rib. Waipio, Hawaii. 27, MR. " " bone. QE. 27, MR.......t it i27, MR. cc " bambu. 27, MR. it" " ea. II. M. Liliuokalani. 27, MR. ". i JSE. 27, MR. In all old canoes the moo or edge-piece was sewed to the body of the canoe, and to hold the parts together during the sewing simple clamps called variously kuamoo, kauli, wae waa, were used. 3590 Kuamoo. JSE. 27, MR. 3591 " kawau wood. JSE. 27, MR. 3592 " ahakea wood. JSE. 27, MR. 3593 " melia wood, pair. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 3594 " pair. 27, MR. 3595 Wedge and braided cord used in canoe-making. 27, MR. ' 3589 Oo, or digger. Ulei wood. The principal agricultural tool of the Hawaiians; used with considerable effect. JSE. 15, *MR. 5178-79 Ivory tools for netting kokos, etc. QE. 27, MR. 4748 Aha hoa waa. Coconut cord braided, to bind iako to the canoe. 27, MR. * 4749 " " " * 4750 Aha holo i ka laau o ka waa. Braid used to bind the moo to the manu in canoe building. 4751-54 Aha holo i ka laau o ka waa. 4755-56 " coarser. JSE. D. 27, MR. D. D. 54 4757 Aha, or coconut cord; for fastening parts of a house together. JSE. 27, MR. 4758 Aha, or coconut cord; finer. 27, MR. 4759 Aha, or coconut cord; coarser; used to mark kapa and for other needs. 27, MR. 4742 Umeke kou, in process of formation; very old, Waikiki. 27, MR. 4743-4 Umeke kou, in process of formation; very old. 27, MR. 4745-47 Ipu kuha kou, in process of formation; very old. 27, MR. These six specimens show well the earlier stages of bowl-making. They were buried in the sand many years ago perhaps for conceal_ ment, and have recently been disinterred. AMUSEMENTS. While the ancient Hawaiian were a hard-worked people, they certainly had a full share of games and amusements. The most general relaxation was the hula or dance, and although in later days the hula became the handmaid of licentiousness, it was not always so. Many of the chief women took an active part in the exercise, and even the proud Kaahumanu was, in her youth, renowned as a hula dancer. This is not the place to enlarge upon the kinds of hula nor other games and sports except so far as is needful to explain the collections in the Museum. It may be said, however, that in the half century preceding the reign of Kamehatieha I., coincident with a general decline in the strict observance of religious rites, came in the custom of betting to the utmost extent on the result of all games. It is not asserted that this practice was not at all in vogue before, for in the time of Umi a chief staked his very bones, but it certainly gathered great strength and exercised a malign influence on the Hawaiian at this period. So with the licentious adjuncts of many games so often deprecated by historians of this people. The bone and sinew of the Hawaiian race could not have been what it was in the time of Kalaniopuu if the practices of the early part of the present century had long existed. The athletic games as the ulumaika, moku, hakookoo, kukini, etc., fell largely into the hands of professionals, owing to the betting 55 which became an important preliminary to every contest, and which was carried to such a pitch of excitement that a man would stake his goods, his wife, children, even his own body on the uncertain result. With the introduction of letters and a new religion the interest in learning became so great that all public athletic games as well as the worst of those merely lascivious were generally given up, not so much because forbidden by the Misionaries as because there was no time left for them; the fine and healthful games of the old Hawaiians passed away, and the present generation does not know even the names of the former playthings. They had contests of running, boxing, wrestling of many kinds, throwing the spear or stick, rolling maika, sliding on the hulua, surfswimming, canoe racing; they had cock fights quite like those of Spanish America; they had fox-and-geese, cup and ball, tops, cat's cradle, tag, hide-the-button, kite-flying, stilt-walking; and they had as many "counting out" formulas as the children of Europe ever knew. Music they did not have. Its softening or irritating influence they never experienced. There were several instruments serving to make a noise or mark time for the dances, and that is all. Conch shells served for trumpets, hollowed logs or gourds for drums, bam bus for nose "flutes" and clappers, even two stones were beaten together to increase the din, and pebbles were shaken in gourd rattles. Although they had the bambu they did not know the arrangement of Pandean pipes, an instrument quite common on the islands to the west. Such a thing as a tune had not been invented by the Hawaiians to the time of the discovery by Europeans. Hee nalu; Surf-swimming.-The surf-board was usually of koa, flat with slightly convex surfaces, rounded at one end, slightly narrowing toward the stern, where it was cut square. Sometimes the papas were made of the very light wiliwili, and then were narrow [olo]. In size they varied from 3 to 18 ft. in length, and from 8 to 20 in. in breadth, but some of the ancient boards are said to have been four fathoms long! The largest in this Museum are so heavy that they require two men to move them. The surf-riders swam out to sea to the kulana or place where the high rollers follow each other in quick succession, and there mounted a high wave and rode on it until near 56 the beach in the hua where the water was smoother; the first one arriving at the hua won the race. The riders sometimes raced also to the kulana nalu or starting points. Standing on the boards as they shot in was by no means uncommon. Men and women both took part in this delightful pastime, which is now almost a lost art. Width. Length. inches. feet. 293 Papa hee nalu, koa. Kailua, Hawaii. 144 62 D. 294 " " (. " " ". JSE. 114 534 26, *MR. 295 " " Kalihi, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 14 54 26, *MR. 296 t" " " Lucy Peabody. 122 42 22, *MR. 297 " " " very large. Paki. 204 14'2 EH. 298 "' " " "i large. Paki. 182 15 EH. 4684 " "i " 20 11 *MR. Hee holua.-A most dangerous but fascinating sport of sliding down hill on a sled made for the purpose. The holua or track was built with great care on a hill-side, and the remains of one are plainly seen on the hill mauka of the Museum. Constructed of stone when a hollow in the track needed filling, the holua was covered with earth well beaten down, and dry grass was spread over all, and a very slippery surface resulted. The sled, Papa holua was made of mamane [Edwardsia chrysophylla] or of uhiuhi [Caesalpinia Kauaiensis]. Two long runners resembling skate irons were bound firmly to the upper stage 22 inches apart from centres, the whole sled being some 11 ' ft. long. This papa was carefully oiled with kukui oil and the rider ran with the sled to gather impetus, and then threw himself headlong down the course. This was an eminently aristocratic game. 320 Papa holua said to have belonged to the hero Lonoikamakahiki. I-IG. 16, *MR. 321 " " runners only. HG. D. Maika was a game played with the ulu or olohu. The first name was current on Hawaii and Kauai while the latter was known on Maui and Oahu. A smooth alley or kahua was required, and three 57 forms of the game were common. The first was a trial of strength in throwing or rather bowling to the greatest distance; the second required more skill to drive the ulu between two sticks near the end of the kahua; the third was rather a trial of the ulus than the players, as they were rolled against each other and the toughest won the game for its owner. There is a famous kahua near Kalae on Molokai, where may be seen hundreds of broken ulus. The players trained carefully and developed great strength. Various kinds of stone were used, but a heavy compact coral rock was the favorite; the ulu was sometimes spherical, but usually a thin cylinder with slightly convex ends. The largest ulu of the first form in this collection has a diameter of 7 I in. and weighs 221bs. Of the second and more common form the largest is 5 inches in diameter, 3 in. thick and weighs 44 oz. The smallest has a diameter of 1 / in. and weighs 32 oz. Rough and unfinished ulus were used by children for practise. The average weight was a little over a pound. Choice ones were carefully oiled and kept in kapa. Ulus are in Case 26, MR. 898 Ulu 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 maika, coral. QE. " lava. QE. " breccia. Hawaii. JSE. coral. H.R.H. Keelikolani. (" wood. H.R.H. Keelikolani. "n lava. 'Hilo, Hawaii. JSE. " conglomerate. G. H. Dole, Kauai. " lava, rough. G. H. Dole, Kauai. coral. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. I" " Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. " lava. N. K., Hawaii. JSE. breccia. [Sinker.] JSE. coral. ~ < ( " grey coral. t" lava. " coral. (" lava. 15 oz. 14'2 22~ 183 153 7 16~ 8 26 14 1932 7 92 11 12 113/ 134 143 13 58 919 Ulumaika, lava; small and rough. 4 oz. 920 "t coral. it " JSE. 4Y2, 921 it lava. Kauai. G. H. Dole. 1 434 922 It limestone, rough. Kauai. G. H. Dole. 143,4 923 " breccia. S. Kona. JSE. 21 '4 924 " lava, very large. 44 925 " limestone. 173,4 926 i rough. G. H. Dole, Kauai,~ Ilfr2 927 " yellow breccia. JSE. 11I14 928 " coral. JSE. 143Y4 929 " sandstone'. Kailua. J SE. 12Y 930 " lava. 181Y4 931 18 Y4 932 " S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 19 933 " coral. S. Kona. J SE. 21Y 934 "t 4 Kailua. JSE. 2 0 4 935 It lava. 161Y4 936 It coral. 67Y4 937 it lava. 113 4' 938 I 1 9 939 It olivine, spherical. JSE. Kohala,Hawaii. 80 3588 IC lava, very smooth. 22 lbs; diam. 7 '2 in. 4661 "4 coral. HG. 22 4662 it" HG. 23 4663 It lava. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 3Y2 4664 "4 coral H. M. Liliuokalani. 14 4665 "t breccia. it93,4 4666 "t coral. 2 4 4 4667 "11 4668 "tI 5' 4669 " lava i 12'2 D. 4670 " 4C133,4 D. 4671 "HG. 1 4672 "t HG. 1 1' 4673 " coral. J SE. 2 4 4674 Q IE. 4675 " Q E. 4676 It 59 4677 Ulumaika, lava. 4686-93 4694 4695 4696 4697 4698 4699 4700 4701 4702 4703 4704-10 4711 4712-13 4714 4715 4716 4717-20 4721 4722-28 4 72 9-32 4 733-34 4735 4736 4737 4738 4739 I4I '4I '4I I4' '4I 4'I '4I '4I ochre. lava. 46 coral conglomerate. it stem. H4G. JSE. D. 15y~oz. 26, MR. 133,4 D. 2 43/4 D. 31 26, MR. JSE. 5 Y D. JSE. I11Y4 26, MR. J SE. 16'Y2 26, MR. JSE. 23 26, MR. 1 2 4 26, MR. 26 D. JSE. D. 29 Y 29, MR. D. J SE. 1 5 D. 6542 26, MR. 1 1 4 D. e. D. lava. Kauai. G. H. Dol 44I I "9 coral. 's lava. It it ~al Is It th it " ~thin. 2.8x1.1 in. 7 /4 oz. JSE. JSE. most spherical. JSE. 3.8x3 in. ick. 40 oz. 3.6x2.6 in. 30Y4 1254 JSE. 12 26, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 4740 Ulumaika, lava. 4741 it olivine. 36 others broken, irregular or of little value. 1634 1 0 4 Closely allied to the Maika and played on the same kahua were the games called Pahee and Moa. The former was played with a pahee or slender club, much larger near one end.where it terminates in a blunt point, being quite sharp at the other. It could be and was used as a weapon,-ihe pahee. The material was always kauila or 60 uhiuhi wood. The object was to throw or rather slide the pahee as far as possible along the kahua. Each contestant had ten trials. The moa sticks were quite like the pahee but much shorter. In either game there was no exact rule for weight or length of stick, but each player suited his own want. Inches. Weighs. Long. Pounds. 3586 Ihe pahee, kauila wood. 572 2 26, *MR. 3587 " " 562 13 26, *MR. Inches. Weighs. Long. Ounces 945 Moa pahee, kauila wood. 144 242 26, MR. 946 " " " 1 3 1 7' 26, MR. 947 " " " 154 84 26, MR. 948 " " " 16 222 26, MR. 3596 " " " 19 26, MR. 3597 " " 14 26, MR. 3598 " ( 11 26, MR. 3599 " " " JSE. 10 26, MR. 4865 " ' " HG. 26, MR. Konane was played on a flat surface of stone or wood, and somewhat resembled "Fox and Geese," or the Japanese Gobang. Positions on the papamu were marked by a slight depression on stone, and often by the insertion of bone, usually chicken [sometimes human], in wood. There seems no definite number of places or arrangement. Beachworn pebbles, coral for white, lava for black completed the equipment. 866 Papamu for Konane, wood. 83 places. 26, MR. 867 l*" " " " very old and worm-eaten. 180 places. HG. 26, MR. 5313 Papamu, for konane, stone. C. M. Cooke. 26, *MR. 885 Palaie. Ring and Ball. Hawaiian "Cup and Ball." H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. 886 " HG. 26, MR. Puhenehene was a game of guessing, aided by very close observation. It was played in a house or lanai, the players, ten in number, sitting cross-legged in two opposite rows. Between them were five pieces of different colored kapa loosely crumpled up but with 61 the edges overlapping. These puu were named kihi, pili, kau, pilipuka and kihipuka. The player selected from one side must have his arm bare to the shoulder that the experts on the opposite side might watch the play of his muscles as he passed his right hand containing the noa or stone to be left under one of the piles or puu. He of course made various fumbling gestures to mislead his opponents, and after passing once or twice through the row of kapas withdrew his empty hand. Each player had a polished wand, called maile, several feet long, usually armed at the end with a bit of dog's skin or a ki leaf. When the noa had been deposited the five piles were carefully separated and the guessing began. The side whose turn it is to guess have, during the hiding, keenly watched the process, and now as they point with their rods to the heap under which they suppose the stone to be, they watch the countenance of the hider who of course sits opposite and endeavors to conceal his expression. One of their number has been selected to make the first guess, and he strikes the selected heap of kapa which is lifted, and if the noa is really there his side wins that inning with one guess. The same side hide the stone until each of the five players has had one or two trials. The game is sometimes to avoid striking the heap concealing the stone. 881 Noa stone of Kalanikupule, the last King of Oahu. He had a large house at Waimanalo where he played this and other games. JSE. 26, MR. 882 Noa stone. Kauai. G. H. Dole. 26, MR. 3013 " JSE. 26, MR. 4866 Noa wood. It is doubtful whether this is a noa. 26, MR. Hula.-The practice of the hula required a variety of pulsatile instruments, generally of a rude character, but serving well enough to mark the intervals of time. The large drums were made of the stem of a coconut tree hollowed out, and to some extent carved. Shark skin was used for the head, and was stretched in the usual way with olona cord. A large drum of this class, of great antiquity and historical interest, was in the government collection, but it has not yet come to this Museum where it lawfully belongs. 62 856 857 858 859 4849 4860 860 861 862 889 Pahu hula. Coconut hula drum..I it it 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. From G. D. Gilman. " without head. Pahu hula. Coconut hula drum. ~t it it " Carved wood, small. Pahu hula. A cylinder o some Pahu hula. A cylinder of some HG. HG. HG. HG. HG. light wood with 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. D. D. skin heads fastened with hoops at each end. A poor imitation of a foreign drum. HG. 893 2304 863 Hula drum. HG. Pahu of wood, hour glass shape, no head. Puniuhula. Coconut shell drums, pair. were bound to the knee. 26, MR. 26, *MR. These 26, MR. 863a Puniuhula. Coconut shell drum. QE. 26, MR. 864 " " " HG. 26, MR. 865 " " " JSE. 26, MR. 865a " " " 26, MR. 891 " " H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. 949 Hula ka laau. Kauila sticks for beating time in the dance so-called. HG. 26. MR. 950 Hula ka laau. Kauila sticks. QE. 26, MR. 895 Clappers of haematite [3]. G. H. Dole, Kauai. Four in a set. 26, MR. 4041 Pahu hula of gourds. HG. 26, MR. 4042 " " " 26, MR. 4843 4844 4845 4846 4847 4848 " II I" ( I " " I JSE. " I I. large. s 4c cs Inches. High. 24 26, MR. 18 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 31% 26, MR. 26, MR, 63 868 Uliuli hula. Hula rattle; gourd, with cock's feathers. JSE. 869 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. D. 870 " "( coconut rattle. HG. 871-2 (" " gourd. ' HG. 873 " " without feathers. Uliuli are made in pairs. 874 Ulili hula. Calabash top, for making a whirring noise. JSE. 875 " " JSE. 876 Conch shell trumpet. Used formerly to call the people to church. JSE. 887 Conch shell trumpet, smaller. 883 Ohe hula puili. Bambu noise-maker, pair. H. Keelikolani. 884 Ohe hula puili. 13 pair. [12 pair. D.] 877 Ohe hano ihu. Nose flute. HG. 878 " " j JSE. H. R. I I I 879 880 4851 4852 4853 894 4854 4755 4856 QE. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 29, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, M R. 26, MR. 26, MR. 32, MR. Ohe keeke. A closed joint of bambu which the player strikes on a large stone. Holding one in each hand he drops them on the stone alternately. JSE. Ohe keeke.." " A set of four. JSE. i" " JSSE. Niaukani. Hawaiian Jewsharp. HG. Ipu hokiokio. Lovers' whistle. A small gourd, pierced with from two to five holes, from which the initiated could make signals. Ipu hokiokio. "." of Queen Kamamalu. QE. ~ Ad,,;,,^,, n,, (-\,,; --- K1l-m t K 4857 A Q.Q X: -J - — l> ivI1 Uy VUCCVII l, cxal lld c t- lcauPuap (w). QE. 32, MR. 4859 " " of Princess Nahienaena. QE. 32, MR. 4860 Ukeke. A thin strip of wood, on which were strung three or four strings. In playing, one end was held in the teeth and the strings were,I 64 struck either with the fingers or with a plectrum. It was used much as the hokiokio, and never as the harp, sackbut and dulcimer. JSE. 26, MR. 4861 Ukeke. JSE. 26, MR. 4862 " JSE. 26, MR. 4863 " JSE. 26, MR. 4864 " JSE. 26, MR. 892 Kukui hu. Top made from a kukui nut. H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. * 887 Kupee niho ilio. Anklets of dog's teeth, used in the hula. The selected canine teeth are bored and neatly inserted on olona netting. This pair weighs 92 lbs., and contains 1,900 teeth. 26, MR. 888 Kupee niho ilio. A single anklet of poor qualify. HG. 26, MR. 890 Anklet made of corn husks. JSE. 26, MR. 896 Kilu. A game played by spinning a light gourd top in such a way that it would light on an upright stick placed for the purpose. The upper half of a huewai with a short neck made a good kilu. 26, MR. IMPLEMENTS OF WAR. Of war among the ancient Hawaiians,' how declared and how carried on, we have nothing to do here; the weapons used alone concern us. The Hawaiians were a warlike people, and peace seldom existed all over the Group at the same time. So it is strange that the weapons were by no means well elaborated. They had no shields and no armor, if we except the feather helmets of the chiefs and the calabash masks of the rowers, and these were for ornament rather than defence. It will be remembered that when they first experienced the murderous fire of Cook's guns they covered themselves with mats dipped in the sea to avoid the "burning sand." Generally warriors fought naked to the malo. They had no bows and arrows for battle. They threw stones like the monkeys, but they improved on the method of the quadrumanous animals they had never seen, by shaping * 65 the stones and hurling them with a sling. These slings, as they have come down to us are of the simplest structure, but the stones were often worked with considerable care to the form of a double cone. The range of slinging of course was not great, and hardly surpassed that of the light hurling spears. Spears were generally made of kauila, with plain points, sometimes, but not commonly barbed, and seldom, if ever, armed with shark's teeth, as in Micronesia. Not infrequently the spear had to serve as food bearer to the battle, and corpse bearer from the fatal field. Huge spears were also made to set up as standards before the house of a chief. While the chiefs were skillful in throwing they were not less so in avoiding these weapons, and it was common for a chief to catch the first spear and use it to parry succeeding ones. For close combat they had the pahoa or dagger, the ihe pahee or sword-club, the newa or short club, the piikoi [used like the South American bola to entangle an opponent], and different forms of the leiomano a weapon of wood or bone armed with shark's teeth. The list is not a long one, nor was there any great variety in the forms of weapons. None of the weapons were poisoned, although poison was used to stupify fish, and kill men. The use of iron, and the introduction of muskets at once relegated the former native weapons to the class of relics. * 4766 Newa, kauila. Found by Keawehookino in a lua huna before 1854, near Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. 4767 " uhiuhi. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. ' 4768 Newa, uhiuhi. Long used by Kawaimaka and his followers at Kohanaiki, Hawaii, as a club to kill ahi and other fish. Originally a war club. JSE. 36, MR. 4769 Newa, pua wood. From Kapukui, Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. 4770 Newa, kauila. From Piimauna,Kailua,Hawaii. JSE. 36,.MR. 4771 Newa, From Mary Kapolena of Kamoiliili, Oahu. Bequeathed to her by her grandfather. Three persons have been done to death with it. JSE. 36, MR. 4772 Newa, uhiuhi. Short club for murder. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. 4773 " Kauila. Long and slim. 36, MR. 4774 " A 36, MR. 4775 " " Thick; hasbeenusedasahohoa. JSE. 36, MR. l 66 4776 Newa, uhiuhi. From Naenelua of Kapalama, Oahu. The log from which this was made was thrown upontheshore ofNuu, Kaupu, Maui, inthetime of Kamehameha I., and carried by the people to the heiau of Punahoa at Mokulau near Nuu. Everything of value found upon the beach belonged to the king, who gave bits of this log to his aikanes among whom was Hema the grandfather of Naenelua. Hema had this newa made of his share, and once, when on his way from Kawaihae to Waimea on Hawaii, at mid-day seven robbers attacked him. Armed only with his newa he slew them all. So his grandson declares. JSE. 36, MR. 4777 Newa, kauila. Kailua, Hawaii. Crooked handle. JSE. 36, MR. 4778 " uhiuhi. " Hammer-shaped. JSE. 36, MR. 4779 " Curious knot, weatherworn. 36, MR. 4780 " pua wood knot with braided cord attached. QE. 36, MR. 4781 " light colored wood, smooth, modern. 36, MR. 4782 " kauila, 7-leaved head. 36, MR. 4783 " light-colored wood, rude. 36, MR. 4784 " kauila, human head carved on the edge. QE. 36, MR. 4799 "" Kekaha, N. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. 4811 " bone of whale. Ancient. JSE. 36, MR. 4785 " stone, 4-leaved head. Waimea, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. 4786 " " smooth, well-made, elliptical section. JSE. 36, MR. 4787 " " flat. Koloa, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. 4788 " " fish-shaped. JSE. 36, MR. 4789 4790 4796 4797 4798 4657 4791 Newa, stone head only. Formerly fitted to a wooden handle to which it was firmly bound with cords. JSE. A complete specimen of this form is in the British Museum. Newa, stone head only: similar to last... " large and heavy... " dark, compact lava, fine finish, Piikoi, wood with braided cord. Used in the lua to entangle the legs of an antagonist., HG. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 16, MR. 18, MR. 36, MR. 67 4792 Newa, wood; found in a stream on Kauai after a freshet. Eight fathoms of aha were attached to it. JSE. 36, MR. 4793 Newa, stone. Waimea, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. 4794 (" smooth. 36, MR. 4795 " simplyabeach-wornbitoflava. JSE. 36, MR. 4810 " " flat stone slung in aha cord. 36, MR. 4800 Pahoa, or Dagger, with aha braid to attach it to the waist. QE. 36, MR. 4801 Pahoa, or Dagger, with aha cord. QE. 36, MR. 4802 " uhiuhi wood, flat. 36, MR. 4803 " " pointed. M. P. Ailau. 36, MR. 4804 " " " Waimea, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. 4805 '' '. ' i 36, MR. 4806 it" " with a barb. JSE. 36, MR. 4807 Leiomano, kauila handle in which is inserted a tooth of the niuhi shark. Kealia, South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. A concealed weapon used to rip open the bowels of an enemy. 36, MR. 4808 Leiomano, bone handle with two teeth. 36, MR. 4809 Leiomano, wood handle with single tooth and ring to be concealed in the hand. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36, MR. Small weapons armed with shark's among tbe old Hawaiians, and are to museums, but are rarely seen here. 4812 Maa, sling and stone. QE. 4813-19 " pohaku. G.H. Dole, Kauai. 4820 " " HG. 4821 " clay HG. 4822-23 " 4824-25" ". JSE. 4826-30" lava JSE. 4831-41 " " Found at Kali teeth were quite common be seen in many foreign Diameter Weighs. Inches. Ounces. 2.4 x 1.8 6 56, MR. 36, MR. 3.3 x 1.9 10 36, MR. 2.8 x 1.6 44 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. hi on the School.grounds in one pocket. 4842 Maa, laua; round. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36, M R. 36, MR. 68 The average size of these sling stones when fashioned into the usual form, pointed at the ends, is 2.4 inches on the axis, and 1.7 inches transverse diameter. The weight averages 5 oz. with a range from 10 to 2' oz. The slingers are said to have thrown with force and accuracy. The care in shaping the stones indicates the favor in which this weapon was held. Ft. long 4881 Ihe laumaki, uhiuhi wood. JSE. 82 36, *MR. 4882 " pahee,kauila,slender. H.R.H.Keelikolani. 52 36, *MR. 4883 " kauila, carved, model only. JSE. 8' 36, *MR. 4884 " laumaki, kauila, carved model only. JSE. 6' 36, *MR. 4885 " niu. Belonged to Hanakeawe, a warrior. JSE. 634 19, *MR. 4886 " plain, flat point. 19, *MR. 4887 " kuia, ohia kumakua. JSE. 614 18, *MR. 4888 " " plain. 18, *MR. 4889 " " " 534 18, *MR. 4890 " carved handle, flat point. QE. 834 18, *MR. 4891 " laumaki, ohia kumakua. Kailua. JSE. 64 18, *MR. 4892 " mamane, model only. JSE. 64j 18, *MR. 4893 " laumaki, kauila. Waimanalo, Oahu. JSE. 63 18, *MR. 4894 Ihe. Olaa, Hawaii. This spear, whose previous history is unknown, was found on a hill near this village where with a Pu puhi [Case 17] it was regarded with veneration. No one dared to discharge either spittle or urine in the neighborhood without first turning away from the sacred objects. JSE. Length 623 ft. 18, *MR. 4895 Ihe, with a round point. JSE. " 7>2 ft. 18, *MR. 4905-11 Ihe kauila. Small, resembling ihe pahee. EH. The ihe seldom exceeded 8 feet in length and was usually sharp pointed and well finished; the kuia was also rather short, with one end blunt, and served as a staff in walking; the pololu was a very long stick, with the butt carved in various patterns, the shaft often not smoothed, and the point hardly sharpened. It was also sometimes made of great length, and very heavy, to set up before a chiefs house as a mark of his rank; in this case the butt was usually squared to fit a socket sunk in the ground. Old pololus were often made to 69 do service as kahili sticks. Yet again when they became obsolete as weapons they were cut up for oos or spades. 800 Pololu kauila, square butt, very heavy. Chief's standard. 174 ft. long. EH. 801 Pololu kauila; slender. QE. EH. 802 " " square butt. EH. 803 "( " round " EH. 804 Pololu kauila, square butt. JSE. The tree grew at Puukapele, Kauai, from which this spear was made for Kamehameha I., who gave it to his soldier and aikane Hema just before the battle of Mukuohai against Kiwalao. Hema also used it in six other important battles, viz., at Laupahoehoe against Keoua Kuahuula, in a sea fight in the Moana o Alanuihaha against Kahekili and Kaeo; at the battle of Iao against Kahekili and Kaleikapule; il the battle of Kanaawa at Hilo, Hawaii against Namakeha; at Keaau, Puna, in the excursion of Kaleleiki; at Kaunakakai, Molokai, against Kaleikupule. In the peace that followed the old spear was trimmed into an auamo aipuupuu and used to carry the calabashes of the chiefs. EH. 805 Pololu kauila, square butt. QE. EH. 806 " "." " QE. EH. 807 " " round butt. QE. EH. 808 " " octahedral butt. QE. EH. 809 " " square butt. QE. EH. 810 " " rough stick EH. 811 " " slender, flat point; rather an ihe. EH. 812 " " clumsy, thick. QE. EH. 813 " " used as an auamo. QE. EH. 814 " " octahedral butt. QE. EH. 815 Pololu kauila, plain, round. EH. 816." "i square butt. JSE. EH. 817 Pololu kauila, round. JSE. Originally from Kauai, this spear has been in the same family for seven generations, viz., Kuelupai, father of 70 Aama, father of Mohonoho, father of Kuahuikala, father of Kamai, father of Kalimakuhi, father of Hoopai from whom the spear was purchased. These men were iwikuamoo of the Kings of Maui, and used the weapon in the battles of Kulaokamaomao and Kapaniwai at Iao, against RIamehameha I. EH. 818 Pololu kauila, round butt. EH. 819 "( " octahedral butt. HG. EH. 820 i " round butt, flat point. EH. 821 Pololu kauila, round butt. JSE. The tree grew at N. Kona, Hawaii. Kanapua, with a stone axe, cut down the tree and fashioned the spear about the time of the arrival of Cook. Kanapua was a body servant of Hinai of Waimea, Hawaii. The spear was used in the battle of Kapaniwai. Kanapua died in 1843, and the spear passed to his son Kaneakua, who took it to Waialua, Oahu in 1846, and after thirty years brought it to Honolulu. EH. 822 Pololu kauila. EH. 823 " " EH. 824 " i" square butt, long and heavy. HG. EH. 825 I" " heavy. EH. 842 " " QE. Hourglass handle. EH. 843 " " thick, clumsy. QE. EH. 844 "( " auamo. EH. 845 " " plain round. JSE. EH. 846 " " " " QE. EH. 847 " " QE. Auamo. EH. 848 " " QE. EH. 849 (" EH. 850 " " QE. EH. 851 " " Laaloa, Kona, Hawaii. Probably an auamo. JSE. EH. 852 " " plain, rough and heavy. QE. EH. 853 Pololu kauila. JSE. Bought of Keaka of Puueo, Hilo. It was made by his father Keawe, a soldier and aikane of Kahekili King of Maui, and has often been used in battle. EH. 71 854 Pololu kauila, round. EH. 855 " " has been used as an auamo. QE. EH. 2305 " " rough. EH. 2306 " " " EH. 2307 '" " " EH. 2308 " " " EH. 2309 " " " - EH. Other spears may be seen in the Kahili Room, used as Kahili handles. Placed with the deadly weapons, although not used in warfare, are the cords with which the Mu killed the victims for a sacrifice. As it was important that the victim should not be bloody, he was either killed by a blow on the head1 or a noose of strong cord was thrown over his head and tightened until suffocation ensued. The cord in the Museum specimens of these implements is of olona, and braided in the manner of the hair leis; the knobs are of ivory. 4868-79 Strangler's Cords. [Four only on exhibition.] 36, MR. 4880 ( i" kauila handle or knob. 36, MIR. 4685 Model of ancient mask of gourd; for rowers in a war canoe. W.T.B. 8, KR. WORSHIP. A lengthy account of the ancient Hawaiian theology would be needful for a full understanding of the figures and fetishes in this Museum, and this of course cannot be given here. Unfortunately the idols were generally destroyed at the time of the abolition of the Kapu system, and the very few that escaped, hidden by the devotees who were by no means sure of the permanence of the new regime, are now mostly in foreign lands. Boston, London and Berlin have more Hawaiian idols than can be found on the Group where once men bowed in fear or reverence before them. And yet the number of graven images was very great. Heiaus or temples were so numerous in the thickly settled district near the shore that from the walls of one the next was plainly seen. From Kailua to Kealakeakua on Hawaii there was at least one heiau to every half mile along the road. There were two forms of heiau; the more ancient 72 was a truncated pyramid of stone, oblong in plan and approached by terraces; on the top stood the sacred house sheltering the especial idols, the altar of offerings and the oracle; while around the edge stood a row of large and grotesquely carved images of wood. The later form of heiau was the same in ground plan but the pyramid was hollow; in other words there were four high walls enclosing the holy place, and from which even the eyes of the profanum vulgus could be excluded. As in the older pattern, the upper wall bristled with images, always frightful, often obscene. It is interesting to note in passing that the older heiau closely resembled the teocalli of the aboriginal Americans; the same pyramidal form, the grass house on top, the terraced ascent. Not only were there these general heiaus, dedicated to some one of the chief gods, but also a multitude of fisherman's heiaus marked every highland along shore. The images were dressed by their worshipers, and many a piece of red kapa was devoted to this purpose. No wonder that the Hawaiian spoke of the 40,010 gods, for their images must have numbered many thousands. Of the fence images, as they may be called, two are in this Museum; and of the more elaborate figures of the interior, one 6 ft. 8 in. high is in Boston, another is in Salem, while a third is in the British Museum. Photographs of all these are in the Picture Gallery. In cutting the Haku ohia, as the idol was at first called, many prayers were uttered and a human sacrifice was offered with a hog. The latter was eaten and the former buried near the stump that had furnished the log. The long prayers and tedious ceremonies lasting several days or even weeks if the omens were unpropitious, ended by the installation of the new "Moi" on the lananuu or stage in the holy house. While Ku, Kane, Lono and Kanaloa were the supreme gods, almost every man had his own deity while his wives had others. So the hula dancers worshiped Laka, robbers Kuialua, fishermen Kuula, their wives Hina. Laamaomao was god of the winds, Kahakuo of the mountains, Kaheholopali of precipices, Keaokiai of the east, Keaohalo of the west, and so on through the forty thousand. Very few of the images extant can be indentified with this or that god, and it is quite probable that the same log had to personify several deities during its existence.. Any peculiar stone was sure to be sanctified as the earthly residence of some potent spirit, and certain woods 73 as kauila, iliahi, lama, mapele and ohia were the favorite abode of deity. In the early days of the Hawaiian Mission the natives were very loth to speak of the doings of the heathen cult, and seemed heartily ashamed of their naaupo; of later years the repugnance to heathen customs has largely disappeared, but the knowledge of the former days has gone also. As in most countries the early religion was distinctly phallic, the visible origin of life naturally preceeding the invisible. Importation of foreign gods followed, and the Spanish immigrants of the sixteenth century seem to have left traces of Hebrew legends adopted by Christians in the Old Testament. Certainly the ancient gods interested themselves in the affairs of men in a very practical way, for they collected the taxes and surveyed the land in the days of makahiki; they marched to battle with the chiefs, and by their terrible visages put the enemy to rout, unless indeed his gods were uglier; in fine all events of life saw their intervention, and from the conception of the child until his final burial, prayers to the gods were almost unceasing. These prayers, if they ever meant anything, are now quite unintelligible, and seem mainly "vain repetitions." 1 32 Kalaipahoa. Poison God. The story of the original Kalaipahoa has been so often told that it need not be repeated here. The present image is of black ohia a yard tall and a foot broad. Dog's teeth were inserted in his gums, and his head was adorned with human hair fastened into holes with flat pegs. Teeth and hair have gone through his great age or some unknown cause. It was found with a broken arm and leg in the year 1852, at Hauula, Oahu, at the foot of a cliff, having apparently endeavored, with the help of a goat, to get out of the cave in which it had been hidden. The injured god was at once taken by the natives to their pastor, Rev. John S. Emerson. In his house it remained some time but as its physical condition did not improve, it was sent to Mr. Emerson's classmate Rev. Caleb Kimball of Medway, Mass. After Mr. Kimball's death his heirs sold the idol and it returned to its native shores in 1886. In the 74 back of the image may be seen a cavity to which a cover was formerly fitted; in this small images or fetishes were placed to receive mana or divinity through the worship rendered to this marsupial god. JSE. 17, *MR. 133 Kaoa paao. A large round stone said to have been brought by Paao the priest or kahuna from Kahiki. Dr. Edw. Arning, the collector, says:-"I was informed by A. Fornander of the location of these two celebrated stones. He had seen them in 1870. They were then hidden again in the makai wall of the heiau Mookini, Puuepa, Kohala, Hawaii. I succeeded in obtaining the stones in August, 1885. The very morning I went down to Mookini the native, Koa, living near the heiau had got them out of their hiding place to send them to the king [Kalakaua]. I persuaded him to let me have one of them. He made it a condition that I should send the other to the king, which I did. This stone is Kaoa paao, and was looked upon by Kfkas a powerful fishgod. A small bay and boat-landing near Mookini was pointed out to me by Koa as the place where the canoe containing the two stones arrived from Kahiki." JSE. The shape of this stone ball as well as its substance does not at all correspond with "Na Ulu a Paao," seen and described by Judge Fornander [Polynesian Race, II., 37]. 17, MR. 134 A red handkerchief containing awa, etc. an offering to Pele the goddess of the volcano. Found on the still warm lava of the Flow of 1887, near the road, by JSE. Doubtless intended to appease the goddess. 17, MR. 1 35 Laau Kalaipahoa, of sandal-wood; formerly used by Kaahia, a kahuna anaana of Kawaihae-uka, Hawaii, who by scrapings of this block could send an "aumakua ino" to afflict or even destroy his victim. 17, MR. 136 Laau Kalaipahoa, of kauila; used by Niheu of Waipio, Hawaii, to secure aid from his aumakua Kalaipahoa. Scrapings from it not only could ward evil from Niheu, but bring distress or even death upon his foes. JSE. 17, MR. m 137 Laau Kalaipahoa, of kauila; long kept by a kahuna in Puna, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR4057 Laau Kalaipahoa, worshiped as the poison god in Honolulu. Presented by Rev. James Bicknell together with the following: 17, MR. 4062 Kii, the wife of Kalaipahoa; a block of wood. 17, MR. a 4058 Laau aumakua, kauila. Obtained by Waihinalo from Puna, Hawaii, where it had long been used by a kahuna for anaana. JSE. 17, MR. ' 330 Laau aumakua, nioi wood. Very ancient family fetishes. Scrapings were used to protect from evil, either by sprinkling or drinking the infusion. Especially useful before a journey. JSE. 17, MR. 332 Laau aumakua odd bits of wood long preserved in the family of Kanaloa as charms. JSE. 17, MR. ' 4063 Pohaku aumakua no Kumuhea he elemakule lolo. The family god of an old fisherman who prayed to it for an abundant supply of akule fish. It was always kept wrapped in kapa. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. ' 4067 Pohaku aumakua Kalaipahoa. In a casket. QE. 17, MR. * 328 Pohaku o Keawehoopohaku, one of the aumakuas. Obtained from a native lady of Honolulu who was with difficulty persuaded to give up this charm. JSE. 17, MR., 4044 Kealoewa, goddess of rain. Curiously carved from kauila wood and carrying on its back a socket with two figures on the rim; dog teeth and human hair; red puakui kapa malo. In the possession of Mrs. Whitney of Kauai for fifty years, and at the sale of her effects it came to W. T. Brigham of Boston, and was finally purchased for this Museum. 17, MR, 76 4045 Akua pohaku. A small stone god, corrugated, beach worn. 17, MR. 4046 Akua pohaku. Stone similar to last, but in the natural condition. 17, MR. 4047 Pohaku melomelo. JSE. This smooth beach pebble weighing 2 lbs., and 934 in. in circumference, was anciently used in a curious manner, and a tolerably full history of its adventures is preserved. The kahuna who owned it breathed over it a prayer and then threw the stone at his intended victim. The obedient stone passed through the alimentary canal in a direction opposite to that followed by the food, and returned to the kahuna after the fashion of a boomerang, leaving the poor fellow at whom it was thrown, and through whom it passed, in a very disorganized condition. It is not mentioned whether the stone brought back the man's teeth on its return journey. 17, MR. 4048 Pohaku aumakua, "Onohi o ka la;" smooth pebble. 17, MR. 4049 ". "Lilihi o ka la" "' " 17, MR. 4051 " " QE. Perhaps a noa stone. 17, MR. 4053 Kahakahi. Owl-god. A dark green stone, beachworn. HG. 17, MR. 159 Idol of ohia, most rudely fashioned and apparently quite recent. It was brought by Rev. J. M. Alexander from the Anakii, a natural temple in Keauhou. This cave is at the head of a ravine in an ancient lava stream. Its dimensions are about 30 x 35 ft., and 30 ft. high. The neatly paved floor had in the middle a circularfireplacearound which formerly stood perhaps twenty images, of which this was the last. JSE. I cannot believe in the genuineness of this log in its character of idol. W. T. B. 17, MR. 315 Akua lawaia. Fisherman's god of kawau [?] wood. Found in an upright position in a pao or small pit prepared for its reception in the stones at the east end of the kahua of the "Hale ili maia" in the old fort at Kailua, Hawaii, a little way west 77 of the small cape called "ka waha o ka kii". Rev. S. E. Bishop states that in his childhood he used to see six large wickerwork images standing in a row on long poles at the entrance of this large house of the Kamehamehas. JSE. 17, MR. 316 Kuula. Fisherman's god. Koloa, Kauai. JSE. 17, MR. 317 Papa kahuli. The stone altar on which the god No. 316 was placed with offerings of ia ula, awa and five leaves of the grass called puaa lau or kukaepuaa [Panicum pruriens] that the fish might be drawn towards shore. The grass is a substitute for a live pig. JSE. 17, MR. 4056 Kaakau. A female akua oopu. In the time of Kahekili, king of Maui, it was the akua of Kuahine the konohiki of Waihee used to bring the oopus on to the ha or fish rack.. The process consisted in anointing the stone with coconut oil and uttering suitable prayers. It could also attract the nau birds to the net. From Kuahine this passed to Kanihoa, a chief; from him to Kaanai, Kealiilawaia of Waihee, and Kanui who sold it to JSE. 17, MR. 4064 Mahiole pohaku. Stone helmet from an idol. 17, MR. 4065 Akua, rude. 17, MR. 4066 Akua pohaku, dug out of the mud of an old kalo patch on the premises of C. Afong, Nuuanu St., and presented by Mrs. Afong. 17, MR. 4068 Akua; of wood, much injured by fire and decay; found in a dam on Kauai. It was one of the images on the outer wall of the heiau. HG. EH. 4055 Akua pohaku. JSE. 17, MR. 4059 " " Rude image. Maui. H. M. Liliuokalani. 17, MR. 4060 Akua pohaku. Rude image. Maui. H. M. Liliuokalani. 17, MR. 4061 Akua pohaku. Fish god. JSE. 17, MR. 319 Akua pohaku. Fish god. JSE. 17, MR. 325 " " Kuula ia. Fish god, fish shape, from Halawa, Molokai. R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. 78 326 Akua pohaku. Kuula 3-pointed stone, from Halawa, Molokai. R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. 327 Akua pohaku. Plaster cast of a head in the possession of R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. 324 Kuula ia. A small double headed image of shell. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. 1260 He akua o ka poe mahiai. God of Husbandry. Rudely carved from a block of lava. Honokua, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. 1 358 Akua, of wood, neatly carved. From the heiau at Kawaihae. 14' inches high. S. M. Damon. 17, MR. 1359 Akua of wood, 5 inches high. 17, MR. 1360 " " 112 inches high. 17, MR. 1361 " " 82 (" " 17, MR. 1362 " " 9 " " 17, MR. 1363 ' of kauila, male. HG. 22Y4 inches high. 17, MR. 1364 " of ohia, much decayed. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 42 inches high. 17, MR. ~ 1366 Akua pohaku. Stone image in the attitude of prayer. HG. 7 inches high. 17, MR. 3900 Kukailimoku the feather war-god of Kamehameha, entrusted to his care by Kalaniopuu at his death. To this god the Conqueror built the fine heiau Puukohola, at Kawaihae, in 1791. Several of these images still exist, the best one being in Boston. They were made with considerable skill from netting, to which was attached red and yellow feathers in the same way as to the beautiful cloaks, In the present specimen the hair is human, and the immense mouth is armed with dog's teeth. In 1865 it was still in good preservation, but it has now become much dilapidated and few feathers remain. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 17, MR. 4896 Akua kahiko ohia. A fine remnant of the large mouthed deities who guarded sacred places, such as the Hale o Keawe at Honaunau, Hawaii, or the Kamehameha house at Kailua. Although charred by fire and weather-worn it still presents 79 all the traits with which it was originally endowed. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 8 feet high. EH. 4897 Akua kahiko ohia. A very rude image of peculiar form. QE. EH. 4898 Akua kahiko. Stone image cut on the edge of a slab of lava. Found in a cave at Kailua when blasting for a road. 17, MR. 4899 Stone slab from the pavement of a fisherman's heiau on a hill at Kapoho, Puna, Hawaii. The area about the altar was paved with such stones. EH. 4076 Eho pohaku. Phallus very large and definite. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 16 inches high. 17, MR. 4069 Eho pohaku. Phallus. JSE. 17, MR. 167 " " " JSE. Found in the platform of a house, Kawaihae uka. 17, MR. 172 Eho pohaku. Phallus. JSE. Kau. 17, MR. 173 "." " JSE. Kau. 17, MR. 4900 '" " it 17, MR. 4901 " " ( 17, MR. 4902 " " " 17, MR. 4903 " " 17, MR. 4904 A" ] 17, MR. The people of the present day know nothing of the origin of these ancient idols, and call them stones to cook birds with; but apart from the fact that their shape is unsuitable for that purpose, the lava of which many of them are made will fly to pieces when heated. Others have undoubtedly been used as cooking stones. A number of finely wrought stone cups are in this Museum and their use and purpose is still much of a mystery. Some say they are lamps, and they may have been so used; others, that they were to hold ink for the tatauer; certainly they have been used in the hula dance to make disgusting noises by pressing the wetted edges against some soft part of the body; the kahunas claim them as blistering cups, and finally, what has led to their insertion in this place, they were used by the kahuna anaana as a furnace in which to burn some part of his intended victim. For this last purpose it sufficed to collect a few hairs, nail-parings or spittle of the person whose death was sought, 80 burn them in this cup and scatter the ashes in the water he was accustomed to drink. 940 Kapuahi kuni anaana. Stone cup for sorcerers'use. 17, MR. 941 " " " JSE. Kahuku, Oahu. Olivine lava. 17, MR. 942 Kapuahi kuni anaana. JSE. Waimanalo, Oahu. 17, MR. 943 " " "( G. H. Dole, Kauai. 17, MR. 944 it it i( " ( i( 17, MR. 4071 Kauila cane from the "Hale naua;" presented by Rev. J. Bicknell. 17, MR. 4072-75 Batons of kauila. "Hale naua;" presented by Rev. J. Bicknell. 17, MR. 638 Covered calabash of kou, used by the members of the "Hale Naua" to contain certain relics, as a bit of kapa, olona cord, fish work, ulumaika, etc. 4973 Pu puhi. A cassis shell trumpet from Olaa, Hawaii, where it was regarded as a very sacred object. Perhaps it was one of the conchs which the gods blew every night at Pueohulunui to bother King Liloa. JSE. 17, MR. 186 Akua mano. Shark god from a cave on Hawaii. 17, MR. 187 " " Found in the aa near the shore at Alae, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. ORNAMENTS. Flowers have always been a favorite ornament of the Hawaiians of both sexes, and although the supply of beautiful flowers, before foreign importations, was very limited, still attractive leis were woven of the ohia lehua, maile and other native blossoms, while the fruit of the hala furnished, and still furnishes, necklaces both showy and odoriferous. 'All these, however, were perishable. More permanent were the marks of the tatauers, although this practice was neither so general, nor were the designs so artistic as on the southern islands or in New Zealand. Goats, lizards, crescents and triangles were sparingly scattered over the face and body. 81 Kupees and leis of shells were both durable and beautiful, especially those made on Niihau of a small white columbella. Boar's tusks, seeds and dried fruits also contributed to personal decoration. Most characteristic of all were the necklaces of many strands of human hair finely braided in a square braid, to which was suspended the cherished ornament carved from a whale's tooth. These were kapu to all below the rank of chief. In modern times, since hats have been worn, bands of feathers of various imported birds, have been made, and the braid of these hats may fairly be classed with the ornaments. 1268 Lei palaoa. Necklace of whale's ivory, 16 polyhedral beads. HG. 30, MR. 1269 Lei palaoa. 12 fusiform ivory beads, no niho. 30, MR. 1270 4 " " " alternating with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1271 Lei palaoa, like preceding. 30, MR. 1272 " 7 polyhedral ivory beads alternating with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1273 Lei palaoa. 4 fusiform ivory beads strung on 11 strands of black glass beads. Found in a cave 6 at Kalapana, Hawaii, with the bones of Keaniani, an old chief. JSE. 30, MR. 1274 Lei palaoa. 12 ivory beads alternating large and small. 30, MR. 1275 Lei palaoa. 4 fusiform ivory beads, with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1276 Lei palaoa, like preceding. 30, MR. 1277 " 5 fusiform ivory beads. Time of Vancouver. HG. 30, MR. 1293 Lei palaoa. 5 fusiform ivory beads, with red glass beads. JSE. 30, M R. 1294 Lei palaoa, 4 fusiform ivory beads, slender. 30, MR. 1295 " 7." "t JSE. 30, MR. 1296 " 2 " and 10 ovalivorybeads.JSE. 30, MR. 1308 Lei niho palaoa. Strands of human hair and ivory hook. QE. 30, MR. 82 1309 1310 1311 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 V 1344 496 5 1287 4920 4921 Lei niho palaoa. QE. it '' H QE. Q E13. small. JSE. Kona, Hawaii. It it ~J SE. JSE. small. H.R.H. Keelikolan-i. Large and fine. Lei niho palaoa, large and fine. " fine braid. "JSE. 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30,1 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30,7 30, 30, 30, 30, MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. D. D. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. MR. MR. MR. Lei niho palao., ''i '' pal o ' ' ' ' i t '' '' ' I a. JSE. fine braid. little hair. Q E. QE. Small, and with a small niho. hole through niho, front to back. 30, coarse braid. fine braid. Ivory, very large. FIG. 30, U 30, 30, G. LA 83 4922 Niho palaoa. JSE. Wahiawa, Kauai'. 30, MR. 4923 " " short. 30, M R. 4924 " " JSE. Keaa, Kahuku, Kau, Hawaii. 30, MR. 4925 "t " small, with sections of tortoise-shell. The only one known of this composite structure. 30, MR. 4926 Niho palaoa. JSE. 30, MR. 4927 cc it JSE. 30, MR. 4928 it " very small. 30, MR. 4930 " " JSE. Ponahawai, Hilo, Hawaii. 30, MR. 4931-37 Niho palaoa. JSE. D. 4938 " " JSE. Bone. 30, MR. 4939 " " JSE. D. 4940-48 " "D. 4950-54 " " rich color. D. 4955-62 it" " 30, M R. 4963-64 " " JSE. D. 1278 Leholei of Cypraea helveola. 13 on black-ribbon. 30, M R. 1279 " " moneta. 15. 30, MR. 1280 "" 14. 30 M R. 1281 "" 30. 30, MR. 1282 "" 34. Very small. 30, MR. 1283 It " 19. 30, MR. 1284 " "6 16. 30, MR. 1289 it it 14 on black ribbon. 30, M R., 1290 "" 9 with glass beads. 30, MR. 1346 "" JSE. 30, M R. 1291 Lei pipipi. Nerita polita. 17. JSE. 30, MR. 1292 "4 i "t 43. JSE. 30, M R. 4966 it i it JSE. 30, MR. 2281 "t 4 " J SE. 30, MR. 2239 Lei of the seeds of Coix lachryma, "Jobs tears;" several stands braided. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 2280. Lei of the seeds of C'oix lachryma and glass beads. HG. 31, MR. 2253 Lei of the seeds of Abrus precatoria. 13 ft. long. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 2254 Lei Columbella and Abrus precatoria. 19%/ ft. long. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 84 2255 Lei Columbella and Abrus precatoria. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 2256 Lei of seeds of Leucaena glauca. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 4967 Lei of seeds of Inga. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 31, MR. 2279 " kukui, nuts fluted, M. P. Ailau. 30, MR. 1345 " pupu, Columbella shells. HG. 31, MR. 1 297 Charm of 7 dog's teeth, worn to keep off evil spirits. H. M. Liliuokalani. 30, MR. 1298 1299 1300 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 Charm; dog's and whale's teeth. Keelikolani. Ivory comb, once worn by Queen Kamamalu. JSE. it" " ancient. Kupee palaoa. Ivory bracelet, 13 joints. "' tortoise-shell and carved human bone. I" " " it " "larger. " hoakalakala. Boar's teeth cut, 23. QE. " of 10 pipipi shells [Nerita picea]. " of 8 " " with a bead and tooth. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. A favorite bracelet consisted of one or more shells of pipipi fastened about the wrist by a string, the black species, N. picea, was often ground to show white spots or lines, and the colored species, N. polita, was also polished or cut. Dozens of these shells are uncatalogued in the collection. Another favorite bracelet was composed of bosses of whale's ivory attached to the arm in the same way. These, like the other ivory ornaments the Hawaiians preferred to color by wrapping in ki leaves and then exposing to the smoke of sugar-cane. Boar's tusks were also often strung with the concavity outwards for bracelets. 4912 4913 4914 Kupee palaoa, 5 elliptical beads. JSE. 30, MR. i" " 6 round beads. JSE. 30, MR. " " fine boss and 9 beads, all round. JSE. 30, MR. 491 5 " " large boss, 7 rectangular beads. JSE. 4916 " " carved in imitation of pipipi shells. JSE. 4917 Kupee palaoa, 3 grooved beads. Waiohinu, Kau, Hawaii. 4918 Kupee palaoa, 2 conical bosses. QE. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 30, MR. 85 There is nothing to indicate that the use of finger-rings was ancient, or that they were known before the advent of foreigners. They probably came in with the more barbarous ear-rings of the strangers. 4968 Komo lima, ivory finger-ring. 30, MR. 4969 " " ". ancestral. JSE. 30, MR. 4970." ' coconut. 30, MR. 4971 " " kukui nut, with stone inserted. 30, MR. 4972 " " "( [4]. JSE. 30, MR. 1288 Breast ornament [?] of copper. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 30, MR. The following collection is composed entirely of foreign bead ornaments, and is in no way Hawaiian, except so far as the taste involved in the selection of these ornaments is truly indigenous. They were the property of H. R. H. Keelikolani, and are all in Case 31, MR. 1301 Lei, of round white glass beads. 2233 " coral-like red beads. 2234 " small, round and conical yellow glass beads. 2235 " red and black beads. 2236 " imitation pearl beads. 2237 " green and brown oval beads. 2238 2256 2257 2258 2259 2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 I 6 I 9 I 6 9 I I 9 I 9 9 I I I I I 4 I 6 I I I I I 9 6 small black beads, braided. black beads knotted like black-berries. (" " with larger ones at intervals. " " and yellow, braided. green and yellow beads. c" c" " <small. pink and dark blue beads, braided. heavy red beads. heavy pink oval and round beads. imitation coral chain. red, transparent, polygonal glass beads. it ~ c I t " ri v +ated. green and red. light green. ~t 'I I I' '' i 4 '' '' c 86 2271 Lei; round, red glass, pair. 2272 " " black glass. 2273 " " red opaque glass. 2274 " " red and white glass. 2275 " " red and pink oval glass. 2276 " " red and pink hollow glass. 2277 " oval, red, green and yellow, small. 2278 " round, pink, translucent. Also belonging to the Keelikolani collection, but of native origin, are the following. They are in the same case. 2243 Lei leho. A long string of Conus shells. 2244 ' it.( 2245-47 " " " 2248 Kupee of 5 hemispherical ivories. 2251-52 Kupee of Cypraea moneta. 2249-50 Lei of A few other leis and kupees are in the collection of relics of the chief in Case 32, MR. The feather leis have already been described. Part I., p. 20. DRESS. The principal articles of dress of the ancient Hawaiian have already been catalogued under mats and kapas in the First Part. Besides the malo, kihei and pa'u there was in olden time but the sandals, and these could hardly be called a regular part of the national costume as they were only worn to protect the feet in journeys over the rough lava beds. The old Hawaiian was uncovered at either end; bare feet and bare head was the rule. With the arrival of foreigners came the extended use of hats, of which a large variety is in this Museum. 4535 Na kamaa lauhala. JSE. 20, MR. 4536 " " JSE. 20, MR. 4537 " " QE. 20, MR. 87 4538 4539 4540 4541 4542 4543 4544 4545 4546 Na kamaa, poaaha. JSE..... JSE. " maia. JSE. JSE. " malina, aloe. JSE. " ilihau, bark of hau tree. JSE. " lai ki. JSE. " 6" small. s( 4 ( 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 20, MR. 4547 " (" 20, MR. 4548 (" " QE. 20, MR. 4549 " malina. JSE. These sandals were simply braided cushions attached by cords [often of the same material] over the toes and around the ankle. 20, MR. 6039 Papale. Hat made of shavings from the new palace. 29, MR. 5040 " Pua, sugar-cane blossom stem, lei of corn husks. HG. 29, MR. 5041 Papale. Loulu, native palm [Pritchardio gaudichaudiiJ, broad brim. 5042 Papale loulu, plain braid. 5043 I" ' ornamental brim. 5044 " i( " braid..fn0.6, "..,, 5056-8 " 5049 5050 5051-52" 5053 5054 5055 5056 5057 5058 5059 5060 5061 5062 Date palm. Niu, coconut, fine. " " coarse braid.." it very coarse, looped braid. Ohe, bambu. loulu with same colored with kalo patch mud. iwaiwa, fern and horsehair, open. " coarse braid. " cap shape. " crown only, unfinished. " and pua, angular braid... looped braid. lauhala and banana, black. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 2y, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 88 5063 Papale; lauhala and banana, knotted braid. 5064 " " "? 5065 " banana and pua dyed purple. 5066 " pua, fancy open braid. 5067 " " open work, small. 5068 " " looped braid and lei. 5069 '" " " i 5070 " koa pods, two colors. 5071-72" pua, looped braid, lei, narrow brim. 5073 " " two colors. 5074 " " 5081 " " dyed magenta, unfinished. 5082 " " looped braid, narrow brim. 5083 " lauki and lauhala. 5084 5085 " 5086 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, MR. 29, M R. 5087 " rush from Micronesia. These hats were at one time quite popular. 29, *MR. 4010 Hat block; coconut, for hat' sewing. 27, MR. 4011 " wiliwili. 27, MR. 4012 ( " 27, MR. 5088-89 Lei, Hat-band, iwaiwa. 29, MR. 5090-91 " " pua, two colors. 29, MR. 5092 Braid, pua and iwaiwa. 29, MR. 5093-98 Braid, ha ko; resembling fine straw. D. 5099 Lei, flat for hat-band, yellow feathers, dyed. 8, KR. 5100 " ". " " and red feathers dyed. 8, KR. 5101 " " (" " " "t " 8, KR. 5102 " " " white hen's and pheasant's feathers. 8, KR. 5103 Lei, flat for hat-band, blue peacock's feathers. 8, KR. 5104 " " " peacock's and pheasant's feathers. 8, KR. 5106 " " ". pheasant's feathers. 8, KR. 5106 Feather covered box, yellow and magenta, dyed. 8, KR. 5109 Peahi niu. Fan of coconut leaves. QE. 34, MR. 5110 " "( large. QE. 34, MR. 5111-16 Peahi niu, small. 34, MR. 5117 Peahi, date palm leaf, colored stripes of iwa. Honolulu. JSE. 34, MR 89 The iwa or iwaiwa used in these hats and fans is the very durable stem of several species of fern. The pua is the skin of the flower stem of the sugar-cane; the younger, the finer and lighter colored. The loulu is the leaf of the native fan palm [Pritchardia. gaudichaudii]. Dark shades of all these light materials are obtained by soaking for some time in the mud of a kalo patch. 31 1-312 Ahu lai. Cloaks of ki leaves made by Kalihi of Laiewai, Oahu, and worn in the "Historical Procession" 1886, by men representing Pakaa and Kuapakaa. JSE. 7, MR. 51 51 Umbrella of silk; Chinese make, of immense size. yellow. D. 5152 Umbrella of silk; Chinese make, of immense size, red. HG. D. 4760 Kookoo kauila. Cane from Kealia, Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 34, * MR. 4761 Kookoo palaoa. Cane of bone. JSE. 34, *MR. 4762 " kii. Cane of wood, with a human head for handle. 34, *MR. 4763 Kookoo ebony, with ivory head. Kamehameha V. 32, MR. 4764 " of John Young. HG. 32, MNR. 4765 " hala wood. HG. 32, MR. MEDICINE. Very little is now known of the medical practice of the ancient Hawaiians, but it probably closely resembled the kahuna practice of the' present day. No such knowledge of medicinal herbs as was possessed by the indians of both Americas existed on these Islands. Evil spirits were at the bottom of physical as well as moral troubles and disturbances, and must be exorcised by the help of other aumakua more powerful or better disposed to suffering humanity. Charms and incantations usurped the place of simples, and a study of the effects of the trees and plants of the mountains seemed out of place when the scrapings of a beach pebble could kill or cure. Where medicinal plants were used they have not generally been identified. 90 The use of the calabash vine in very large doses as a cathartic is well known. One might have hoped that the late Dr. Hillebrand, in his published Flora of these Islands, would not only give the native names of plants but also such information of their supposed medicinal virtues as he must have gathered in the many years of his practice here; but not only are the native names often wanting, but those given are not always correctly applied, and medical information is sadly deficient. The curator has endeavored to supply this deficiency from the notes of the late Horace Mann, but the field is so extensive and ill-defined, that it has seemed best, as the collection of the Museum in this department is at present small, to give simply the meagre list of the articles on the shelves, leaving to a more favorable opportunity a discussion of Hawaiian medical knowledge. In surgery there was little to be described. Cutting the umbilical cord was a religious rather than surgical operation, while the universal circumcision or rather incision was purely sanitary and had nothing religious about it. Abortion was practised in various ways. The operations of minor surgery were attended to rudely but with tolerable success, and so far as known there was nothing peculiar in their methods, if we except the administration of clysters when the patient was placed on his knees with his head to the ground. But without illustrations it will be hardly worth while to enlarge upon Hawaiian surgery. The entire collection is at present in or upon Case 33, MR. 174 Hano kiwi pipi. Syringe made from a cow's horn to inject wale hau, which is simply an infusion of hau bark in hot water. JSE. 175 Hahano ohe. Syringe of bambu. JSE. 4974 Ipu hano. Gourd syringe. 4975 " " dark colored. 4976 " " short. 4977 " " small, dark. 4978 ( " HG. 4979 " " unfinished, from Kanupa cave. JSE. 4107 Ivory pounder; for crushing drugs. 4980 He ohe hapai i ke keiki. Pointed bambu for abortion. From a burial cave. JSE. 91 4981 Ana. Pumice to remove the fur from the tongue of a patient. JSE. 4982 Apu niu. Cup for medicines. Kanupa cave. JSE. 177 Cup made from the vertebra of a whale. *Found in a cave in Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 4983 Laau lapaau. Bark of undetermined origin. The kahuna bites a portion of this sacred bark and blows it on the patient, thus compelling the aumakua bewitching the patient to reveal its name and nature so that the kahuna can take suitable means to expel it. JSE. 4984 Laau lapaau. Same nature and use as the last. JSE. 4985 Laau lapaau. Niol wood. Laau aumnakua. JSE. 4986-87 Laau lapaau. Nioi wood. Laau aumakua. 4988 Laau lapaau. Twigs of maia pilo wood [Coprosinw. sp.] Inr any great trouble these were to be used to cook the luau ordered by the kahuna. JSE. 4989 Laau lapaau. Kealia wood [Elaeocarpus bifidus]. A "'mea ola." JSE. 4990 4991 4992 4993 4994 4995 4996 4997 41998 4999 5000 5001 5002 5003 Laau lapaau. Laau lapaau. Laau lapaau. this charm. Laau lapaau. '' ''4 '' ''4 '' ''6 '' ''' cc ''4 '' ''6 '' ''C '' ''4 '' ''4 Section of a limb. Kauila [?], a fragment. JSE. Kauila. Niheu of Waipio, Hawaii, used JSE. Akia manalo, Wikstroemnia foetida. HG. Ohia ai, Eugenia mnalaccensis. HG. Uhaloa, Waltheria arnericana. HG. Pamakani, Phyllanthus sandwicensis. HG. Kaunoa pehu, Cassytha filiformis. HG. Alaalawainui, Peperomia st. HG. Kokoolau, Campylotheca sp. HG. H inahina. AwikiWiki, Canavalia galeata. HG. HG. Maunaloa. Dioclea violacea. HG. * Bone and ivory were considered especially suited for the preparation and administration of remedial agents. 92 5004 Laau lapaau. [Kalaipahoa.] HG. 5005 " i" " HG. 5075 " " Puakala, Argemnone mexicana. 5076 " " Noni, Morinda citrifolia. 5077 " " Ahuhu, Tephrosia piscatoria. 5078 " " Kuahulu, Ipomoea tuberculata. 5079 " " Ilieo, Plumbago zeylanica. 5080 " " Koko, Euphorbia lorifolia. 5314 Laau lapaau. Koali, Ipomoea insularis. FISHERIES AND CANOES. It is but right to say that the present is the most complete collection of hooks, nets and other implements used in Hawaiian fishing to be found in any museum. Of canoe models, this Museum possesses several dozen, fairly representing the navigation of the Pacific Islanders; and it is intended, when the addition to the present building is completed, to show as complete a series as possible; in the crowded condition of the Museum it has been impossible to arrange or catalogue these models. 407 Waa or canoe; from a single log of koa, fast model; ama or outrigger of wiliwili wood, iako or connecting bars of hau, moo or gunwale of ulu.* The favorite deep-sea fishing canoe of Kamehameha V., who was exceedingly fond of fishing. Presented by Samuel M. Damon. *MR. Hawaiian paddles are usually of koa or kauila wood, rathler heavy and with broa.d blades, pointed and tipped on one face with a slight projection called io or upe. This io, however, was not always present. The average length of a paddle was 5 X ft., but the size of the blade ranged from 17 to 26 inches in length, and from 8 to 15 inches in breadth. While the steering paddles were much larger than these, the paddle used by women was much smaller, almost a toy. * The dimensions of this canoe are as follows: Length over all, 32y ft.; Depth outside, 27 in.; Width outside, 23 in.; Depth inside 23Y in.; Width inside, 17i in.; Centre of canoe to centre of out-rigger, 1034 ft. I 93 299 300 Hoe, paddle, kauwila wood. HUG. 4 ( 6 t t 4 HG. 301 " i koa, for a woman. QE. 302-6 Hoe, paddle, koa. Dr.T.C.B.Rooke. QE. All with io. 307 Hoe, paddle, koa, K.trmehameha IV. Q E. 308 Hoe, paddle, koa, Karnehameha IV. Polished to show wood. QE. 309 Hoe, paddle, koa, old Lnd mended. HG. 310 Hoe, paddle, koa, for a woman. KaiIua, Hawaii. JSE. 794 Hoe, paddle, koa, for steering, very large, and heavy. 795 Floe, paddle, kauila, model to show the io or projection on the blade. JSE. 51 38 Hoe, paddle, koa. 51 39" 5 140 " " 5 141 " 5142-44 Hoe, paddle, koa, in canoe i107. 5145 Hoe, paddle, koa, *snmall blade, 3891 Waa, canoe model, double. H. M. Liliuokalani. 3892 Waa, canoe, model, double. 3893 Waa, canoe model, single. Rigged. with sail. 3894 Waa, canoe model, single. '2QO r. t 4 4 Blade: Inches. 12'8x21'Y2 22, *M~R. 7 x1I1 22, *MR. 2], *MIR. lb3Y4 x2534 2 1, *,N1AR. 21, M R. D. 21, *MR. 16 x 38 37, *MR. 22, *MR. 37, *MR. 37, *MR 36, *1MR. 38, *MR. 17 x8 21-22, *MR. 22, MR. 22, M R. 22, *MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 21, *MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. %.J % C, %J 3896 i 3897 3901-2 i 3903 6 4 i i9 t" sandal-wood. 4 it double. " " " Q E. 4i (isingle, small, rude. * From Dr. N. B. Emerson, who has made a special study of the Hawaiian canoe, and who is by far the best authority on the subject, we learn that the handle of a paddle, was called kuau; the blade, laulau; the base of the blade next the handle, puukele; and the projection at the point, upe. 94 3912 Wae waa. Cross brace of a canoe. 22, MR. 3913 " '" ". ( 22, MR. 3914 " "( " "( 22, MR. 3905 Rack for fish-poles, figurecarved on end. These were lashed to the iako or arm connecting the outrigger to the canoe. Kau. 22, MR. 3906 Rack for fish-poles [Ihu waa], two heads carved. HG. 22, MR. 3907 Rack for fish-poles, two heads. 22, MR. 3908 i " plain. 22, MR. 3909 " "t " 22, MR. 3910 " " "t 22, MR. 3911 Rack for fish-poles; plain, flat. 22, MR. Nets were made, by preference, of the cord of olona, which wa.s not only exceedingly durable but also strong and flexible. In some cases aha or coconut cord was used, but though durable, it lacked the flexibility of olona. The shuttles and mesh-sticks used in net making are in case 27, MR. Where floats were needed they were of wiliwili wood; the sinkers of stone. 756 Upena nae, used to catch nehu, iau, piha, etc. 21, MR. 757 " 21, MR. 758 " kuu, 7 ft. wide, 82 ft. long. 21, MR. 759 " " 12 ft. wide. 22, MR. 760 " makahi, used for ocean fishing for opelu, etc. 22, MR. 761 ' paoo or iau. 21, MR. 792 " papai, for crabs. 21, MR. 763 " ahuulu, used with pula or broom. Upena pani. 22, MR. 764 Upena, ahuulu. 22, MR. 765 " paoo for opae, used generally by women and at night. Also called kaee paoo. 22, MR. 766 Upena akiikii to catch pahuhu. Stick and 2 stone sinkers. 22, MR. 767-8 Upena uhu. With 2 sticks. 22, MR. 5175 i" olona S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, *MR. 5176 " scoop-net, large. 21, *MR. 5310 " large. HG. D. 95 769 Kao or fish spear. Wooden prongs for manini and kumu. Maui. JSE. 21, *MR. 770 Kao or fish-spear. Iron prongs. HG. 21, *MR. 796 Kao, or fish-spear. Kauila, with a single iron prong. JSE. 22, * MR. 773 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap basket of ie. 21, MR. 774 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap basket of ie. Honomalino, Kona, Hawaii, JSE. MR. 3839 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap. JSE. 21, MR. 3840 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap, Hinalea. H.M.Liliuokalani. 21, MR. 3841 Hinai hooluu ia. Funnel-shaped basket. 21, MR. 3846 i" (( (( " '. 1, IMR. 3847 " " " Long, bottle-shaped. 22, MR. 3842 Hinai hoomoe ia. Made of ie. A fish, perhaps uhu, opule or moano is kept in this basket immersed in the sea until wanted as a decoy when a string is passed throngh its snout, and it is allowed to swim around the net. JSE. 2, MR. 3843 Hinai hoomoe ia. 21, MR. 3844 Hinai hoomoe ia; well made.. 2, MR. 3845 Hinai hoomoe ia; well made, small. 22, MR. On the coast of Hawaii Fishing-sticks, Laau melomelo, are used to attract the fishes. The sticks are smeared with bait and left in the water to draw fish to the fisherman. The palu or bait is prepared in various ways, each fisherman having his own recipe, which is better than all others. The base is always alaala hee, the ink bag of the common squid roasted in ki leaves on the coals until well cooked. As this palu is generally used as bait it may be well to give here a list of recipes collected by Mr. Emerson. A.-Pound up a little alaalapuloa root in the mortar, throw away the fibre, leaving only a few drops of juice, then mix in the alaala hee, working it thoroughly with the pestle. [For these mortars and pestles see below, page 103.] B.-Crush a chili, throwing seeds and pulp away, and add the alaala hee. 96 C.-Take the juice of puakala seeds [Argemione mnexicana], add the alaala hee. D.-To the alaala hee add ilima flowers [Sida Meyeniana] and salt, always using an exact number of flowers, as four or eight. E.-The same with salt and young leaves of noni [Morinda citrifolia] slightly roasted. F.-Alaala hee with salt and maile kaluhea [A lyxia olivaeformnis]. G.-Alaala hee with salt and poha [Physalis Peruviana]. H.-Alaala hee, salt and very young leaves of koko [Euphorbia lorifolia. I.-Alaala hee, salt and bark from the root of pilo [Coprosma sp.]. J.-Alaala hee, salt and root bark of naunau, K.-Kukui nuts well roasted and crushed, then add the alaala hee. L.-Mix with old, hard coconut roasted to a crisp and crushed, a little slightly cooked coconut with salt and alaala hee. M.-Flavor the alaala hee with cinnamon. N.-Flavor with the fruit of mokihana [Pelea anisata]. O.-Add a few drops of brandy, gin or other intoxicant. P.-Squid ink and Perry Davis' Painkiller. Q.-Squid ink and kerosene oil. R.-Squid ink and tobacco juice. S.-Squid ink and juice of the seeds of auhola [Tephrosia piscatoria]. This plant is regularly used to poison or stupify fish in ponds. T.-Mix the alaala hee with salt and charcoal from mahuna kapa. U.-Mix the alaala hee with salt and burnt sugar cane. V.-Salt the alaala hee before roasting. The fish caught with this bait spread on the tip of the hook are: Kole, Kolenukuhau, maiii, manini, maikoiko, aloiloi, hinalea, naenae. pakuikui, pakolekole, uhu, onihoniho, laipala, palani, walu, umaumalei; all of them small fish caught near the shore. 5119-22 Laau melomelo. Kona, Hawaii. 5123-26 Laau melomelo. Kona, Hawaii. 97 Fishing sticks. [4] JSE. 21, *MR. Fishing sticks. [4] JSE. 22, *MR. 5127 Laau melomelo. Fishing stick. 21, MR. 5128-30 (" "( " " Kona, Hawaii. 22, MR. 5133-37 " t" " " t" " D. 157- 158 Na papa kupalupalu mano o Alapai nui. Two curious double-edged wooden platters of elliptical form used as bait dishes by King Alapainui of Hawaii. A human victim, usually a slave, was cut up and left to decompose for several days, then put on these platters and carried to sea on the pola of a double canoe. The hinu or oil which was allowed to drip into the water attracted the sharks, and the trail thus laid drew them into deep water where the king and alii fought them with great skill and courage. Alapainui is supposed to have died in 1754, and at that time these platters were placed with other relics in a puoa at Puuanahulu, N. Kona, where they were carefully guarded by successive generations of kahus until 1868, when the lava flow threatened to cover the hiding-place, and they were removed to a house in Kaupulehu. Here they were kept until the last of the kahus died in April, 1883. They were then purchased for this collection. JSE. 21, MR 775 Makau ia hapuupuu. Curious hooks with barb of human bone. 21, MR. 3658 Makau ia hapuupuu, on card in the special collection of fish-hooks. 20, PG. 3659 Makau ia hapuupuu. HG. 21, MR. 777 3461 3462 Makau mano, Kiholo. A very large hook of wood, always baited with human flesh. HG. For shark fishing. -Makau mano. Smaller wooden hook. ' ( it it i 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 98 3822 Pokaa aho. Reel for fish-line. Portion of the neck of a huewai. 22, MR. 3823 Pokaa aho and olona line. Kekuanaoa and Kamehameha V. 22, MR. 3824 Pokaa aho and olona line. Kekuanaoa. 22, MR. 3825. " " Fragment of gourd. 22, MR. 771 Aho lawaia olona. Fish-line for kalekale, oio, ulua, weke, etc. Very old. 21, MR. 771 Aho lawaia olona. Fish-line, larger: for ahi, kahelo, etc. JSE. 21, MR. 3884 Aho lawaia niu. Fish-line, Kalihi, Oahu. JSE. 21, MR. 3885 " olona. " HG 22, MR..qFR86 " " " 200 fathoms. HG. 22. MR. 5146-47 Stone sinkers. 5288-89 Coral sinkers. HG. 3861 Poho aho. Gourd for fish-line, coconut cover, olona line. 3870 3871 3872 3873 3874 3875 3876 3904 Poho aho. JSE. " coconut cover, olona line. "( HG. " HG. " coconut cover, fine olona line. small. HG. (" no cover. HG. 21, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. D. While the poho aho of gourd were used to hold the olona fishline, another form of container called ipule'i, of which the small body was of wood and the much larger cover of gourd, was used for the hooks, and sometimes for hooks and line both. 3849 Ipu le'i, kou, small cover of gourd. JSE. 3850 " large " (i 3851 " " " ". JSE. 3852 " " " " " JSE. 3853 " hahao makau. 3854 " Honaunau, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 3855 " no cover. 3856 " kou. HG. 21, MR. 21, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 99 3857-58 Ipu le'i, kou. HG. 21, MR. 3859-60 Ipu le'i, kou. HG. 31, MR. 3869 Ipu le'i, both part ipu, small. [Similar one among the relics. 32, MR.] 21, MR. 3994 Ipu le'i, both parts ipu, small. Kamehameha IV. HG. 21, MR. 3882 Hinai. Basket for fish. HG. 22, MR. 3883 Hinai of lauhala for bait and hooks. With side pocket for hooks. 22, MR. 3887 Hinai. HG. Coarse. 22, MR. 3888 " JSE. 21, MR. 3877 Ipu olowai. Fisher's water gourd. HG. 21, MR. 3878 " " HG. 22, MR. 3879 " " fine specimen. 21, MR. 3880 " " " 21, MR. 3881 " ( large. 22, MR. 3995 " " 21, MR. Fish-hooks were made of ea (tortoise-shell), ivory, shell and bone, before the introduction of metal. With the nails obtained from the early visitors the Hawaiians made hooks of a shape similar to that of their earlier hooks, but without a barb; it is true that all the early bone hooks did not have a barb. The hooks were filed with bits of lava of cylindrical form, and the finish is often of the most perfect kind. To each hook when ready for use, is attached a cord called kaa, bound permanently to the shank, and usually whipped with a thread of olona. This, which may be from a few inches to a yard in length, is tied to the aho or long line when used. The space between the point and the shank determines the kind of fish to which the hook is presented. 3862 Makau ea. Fish-hook of tortoise-shell. With kaa. 21, MR. 3863 " " with kaa. 21, MR. 3864 " " without kaa. 21, MR. 3680-42 " " 43 with kaa. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 22, MR. 3643-49 " " 7 without kaa. " 22, MR. 3652-70 " " 19 with kaa. 22, MR. 3671 " " without kaa. 21, MR. 3672-76" " 5 " " JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 22, MR. 100 3677-88 Makau ea; without kaa. 22, MR. 3741-44 Makau ea; 4 without kaa, on card in the special fish-hook collection. 20, PG. 3746 Makau ea. Without kaa, very large; special fishhook collection. 20, PG. 6031-37 Makau ea. 7 with kaa. Kamehameha IV. 22, MR. 3650-51 Makau palaoa, ivory hook with kaa. Shape like preceding. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 21, MR. 3692-99 Makau palaoa, ivory hook with kaa. JSE. 21, MR. 3700 " " " " JSE. 21, MR. 3689-91 " " without kaa. 21, MR. 3746-49 " " without kaa, on card in special collection of hooks. 20, PG. 5285 Makau iwi kanaka. Human bone hook. HG. 21, MR. 3753 Makau papaua. Kauai. JSE. 3754 " " Hawaii. JSE. 3755 " " Kauai. JSE. 3756 It" " " JSE. 3757 " i " " JSE The five shell-hooks catalogued above are without kaas, and are solid shell the last is one of the smallest hooks used. All are on card in the special collection of fish-hooks. Quite different in form and construction are the following, the first three of which are in the special collection. There is a shank of papaua or pearl-shell, to which is attached, by fibres passed through drilled holes, a barb or point of bone, often human, or ea. From their use to catch aku, they take their name. 3750-52 Pa hi aku, shell and bone hook, no kaa. Special collection. 20, PG. 3701 Pa hi aku. Bone barb and olona kaa. 21, MR. 3702-7 Pa hi aku, with kaa. JSE. 21, MR. 3708-9 " " " H. M. Liliuokalani. 21, MR. 3710-14 " " " JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 21, MR. 3716 5 " " Tortoise-shell barb. 21, MR. 3716-17 " " / " JSE. 21, MR. 3718-20 " " " 21, MR. 3723-37 " " " quite new. 21, MR. 101 3738-49 Pa hi aku; no kaa. 21, MR. 5286-87 Pa hi aku. HG. 21, MR. 3721 Pearl-shell shanks for pa hi aku, 13. JSE. 21, MR. 3740 " " HG. 21, MR. 3722 " 2 unbored. H. M. Liliuokalani. 21, MR. 787 Pa hi aku, kauaula of bone, pearl-shell and tortoise 799 " "( HG. 21, MR. The six following specimens of metal hooks are on cards in the special collection. They are among the earliest hooks made from iron and copper. 3760 Makau. Iron, of foreign shape; South Kona, Hawaii.' JSE. 20, PG. 3761 Makau. Iron, old form. 20, PG. 3762-65 " Copper, old form. 20, PG. 3766-68 " Iron, no barb, with kaa. 21, MR. 3769 " Copper, with kaa. 21, MR. 3770 " Iron, with kaa. 21, MR. 3771-72 " Iron; no kaa. 21, MR. 3773-74 Makau. Iron, Makau ahi; South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3775-76 Makau. Iron. 21, MR. 3777 " Copper. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3778 " Brass, with kaa. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 21, MR. 3779-82 " Iron, " " Makau lauhulu. South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3783 Makau. Iron, with kaa. Makau kahala. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3784 Makau. Iron, with kaa. JSE. 21, MR. 3785-87 Makau. Iron, with kaa. Makau ulua. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3788-89 Makau. Iron. 21, Mp. 3813 Makau, 2 small iron hooks on a lead bar, with line. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3814 Makau, iron, with line. 21, MR. 381 5 " 6 iron with kaa, in hala leaf. M. Kekuanaoa. 21, MR. 3816 " 4 foreign hooks with kaa in coconut fibre. 21, MR. I 102 3817 3818 3819 3820 3821 3826 382'7 3828 Makau; 3 iron and kaa in coconut fibre. It 3 I< (( " 10 " " " 10 " i " 1 " " large. Makau kaka. Set of 8 old iron hooks for catching ulaula, kalekale, kahala, oholehole, opakapaka, kaapeape, hapuupuu, opelu and mohokoae. For bait bits of opelu are tied to each hook, and a stone sinker is loosely fastened by lai ki to the end of the line so as to rest on the bottom. With each bite the line is jerked a little to secure the fish, and when the hooks seem filled the sinker its detached with a stronger jerk and the line hauled in steadily. Fishing in very deep water off the coast of Hawaii. JSE. Makau kaka, similar to last. 4( " " ( but with 9 hooks, one 21, M' D. D. D. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR21, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. D. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. foreign. 3829 Makau mano, shark-hook,foreign. JSE. 3830 " iron, 7 on sticks. 3831 " " " 3832 " " large foreign, with line. 3833 " hauliuli, 2 with kaa. JSE. 3838 " on stick. QE. 3835 " iron and lead sinker. QE. 3836-37 Makau, iron. 779 Makau kakala hoolou honu. For turtle, 2 hooks and iron sinker. JSE. 3790 Makau kakala hoolou honu, iron hook. 3791 "" " " bone hook. JSE. 3792 " " " " iron hook. HG. 3793 " " " " " E JSE. 2 iron 3794 Makau lu hee. Squid hook. A shell of Cypraea mauritanica serves as bait; to this is attached a stone sinker of similar shape and of some odd stone, and between shell and sinker is a stick to which is attached the hook or hooks of iron or - c. "w74I — PP14-M 103 I I -,,~~~ bone. The hook is usually concealed in a tuft of leaves attached to the stick. The sinker of course keeps the shell bait above. In this specimen the hook is of bone. 21, MR. 3795 Makau lu hee, granite sinker, bone hook. 21, MR. 3796 i" " bone hook. 21, MR. 3797-98 " " " " 21, MR. 3799 ":' poor specimen bone hook. JSE. 21, MR.!3800 " 2" shells, 2 iron hooks. 21, MR. 3801-2 " " " 1 " hook. 21, MR. 3803 " " 1 shell, 2 iron hooks, hematite sinker. 21, MR. 3804 2" " " 2 copper hooks, lead sinker. 21, MR. 3805 " " " 2 2 H. M. Liliuokalani. 21, MR. 3806 Makau lu hee, 1 shell " " 21, MR. 3807 " " Cypraea carneola, copper hooks. 21, MR. 3808 " " no shell, 2 hooks, lead sinker. D. 3809 " " bits of shell, no hook. HG. 21, MR. 3810-11 " " shell and line only. QE. 21, MR. 3812 ( ( ( D. 381 2 " " " " " D. '- 838 " " 2 shells, I hook. 21, MR. 3866-67 " " papaua. Pearl-shell hooks, small. 21, MR. 5182-5273 Stone sinkers [91] for squid hooks. D. 5148 Newa pohaku. Stone club used to kill fish. 22, MR. 5149 " "( 22, MR. 5151-59 Laau kui palu. Kauila pestles to grind bait or li palu. JSE. 22, MR. h160 Laau kui palu. Large. JSE. 22, MR. 5161 Poho kui palu. Stone mortar for grinding palu. 22, MR.,5162-64 Poho kui palu. Stone mortars. 22, MR. 65165-74 Poho kui palu. Coconut cups for mixing palu. Hawaii. JSE. 22, MR. The collections in the two cases, 21 and 22, are liable to be inter-;hanged from time to time as the arrangement is not complete, but ciogether the two cases contain the fisheries collection, and if a speci/lilies not found in one it will be in the other case. ~ _~ - _ 104 RELICS OF CHIEFS. The authenticity of these relics seems assured, but there are many ' *< other articles, once the property of and used by chiefs and kings, not separated from the general collection. All the kahilis, most of the umekes, the feather capes, leis and other articles, belonged to the ancient nobility. So, too, the weapons were generally associated with chiefly warriors, but the various matters catalogued here are of special interest in connection with the memory of theirformer owners. They are in Case 32, MR. 1285 Strings of Cypraea moneta once belonging to Namahana the mother of Kaahumanu. Given by Kalama to Kaopua. H. M. Liliuokalani. 1286 Pa hi aku or pearl shell hook of Kamehameha I. The bristles at the juncture of the point with the shank are of the indigenous black hog. QE. 1319 Lei niho palaoa. Of Keliimaikai. QE. The label reads as follows:-No Keliimaikai keia lei palaoa. He makana o ke hanau ana o Kaoanaeha ia Kekelaokulani, a o kona inoa i kahea ai no ka moopuna o Kekuiapoiwa o ka makuahine o laua me Kamehameha. 1 354 Mahiole of wickerwork, covered with human hair; a line of hair on the crest is bleached with lime, a favorite fashion among the ancient Hawaiians as well as with the Fijians and other Islanders. This belonged to Queen Emma's mother. QE. 1355 Ipu molowaa. A umeke poi used by Kamehameha I. when in a canoe. It is of kou, of good form, 10 in. diameter, 193 in. height. HG. 1356 Ipu molowaa of Kamehameha I. Odd shape, used for fish. HG. 1357 Ipu molowaa of Kamehameha I. Lute-shaped. HG. 2297 Mirror in native kou frame, given by Vancouver to Kamehameha I. 2298 Portion of the court dress made in London for the prese tion of Queen Kamamalu in 1824. White silk embr ered with silver floral designs.